Acta Botanica Brasilica 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
doi: 10.1590/0102-33062014abb3668
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist
and taxonomic novelties1
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira1,2* and Claudia Petean Bove2
Received: June 23, 2014 Accepted: November 11, 2014
ABSTRACT
Eriocaulon is an aquatic and cosmopolitan genus with 478 species. It is characterized by diplostemonous flowers and
free petals with a black gland at the apex. There are few taxonomists studying Eriocaulon from Brazil. The species of
this genus remain barely delimited, with inconsistent descriptions, and nomenclatural types not assigned or located.
The analysis of nomenclatural types, specimens in scientific collections, and protologues enabled the recognition of
53 species of Eriocaulon from Brazil. Thirteen new synonyms and the elevation of five varietes to species level are
proposed. Comments on taxonomy, geographic distribution, habitat, life form, and conservation category are provided.
Keywords: conservation category, ecological traits, Eriocaulaceae, flora from Brazil, taxonomy.
Introduction
Eriocaulon is an aquatic and cosmopolitan genus with
478 species (Giulietti & Hensold 1990; Govaerts 2006)
distributed mainly in the tropics. In Brazil, it occurs
throughout the country in all domains, and reaches its
greatest diversity in the Cerrado. The genus is characterized by diplostemonous flowers and free petals with a black
gland at the apex (Giulietti & Hensold 1990). Eriocaulon
from Brazil was first mentioned in the Flora Fluminensis,
where Vellozo (1827) described Eriocaulon ligulatum as
Dupatya ligulata. Bongard (1831) subsequently provided
brief descriptions of 80 species of Eriocaulon from Brazil,
but only E. crassiscapum and E. elichrysoides remained
in this genus. The others species were transferred to different genera of this family. Körnicke (1863) in the Flora
Brasiliensis treated 32 species of Eriocaulon. Kunth (1841),
Ruhland (1901; 1903), and Silveira (1908; 1928), among
others, also described species from this country. Giulietti
(1978a; 1978b) studied members of Eriocaulon from the
Serra do Cipó and provided new circumscriptions for E.
melanocephalum and E. aquatile. The genus has also been
studied in regional floras and checklists from the Amazon
Forest (Costa & Giulietti 1999), Atlantic Forest (Moldenke & Smith 1976; Giulietti 2012), Caatinga (Giulietti
1986; Giulietti & Parra 1995; Miranda & Giulietti 2001),
and Cerrado (Giulietti 1978a; Giulietti & Hensold 1987;
Giulietti et al. 1996; Ferreira et al. 2011). However, many
1
species remain inadequately delimited, with inconsistent descriptions, and few identification keys exist; some
nomenclatural types have not been selected or cannot
be located. Therefore, the recognition of these species is
sometimes difficult, with consequences for the establishment of conservation categories. Currently, 57 species
and 13 varieties of Eriocaulon from Brazil are accepted
(Giulietti et al. 2013). This study presents a new general
assessment of the genus in this country. We recognize 53
species of Eriocaulon from Brazil. Thirteen new synonyms
and elevation of five varietes to species level are proposed.
Comments on taxonomy, geographic distribution, habitat,
life form, and conservation category are provided.
Material and methods
We analyzed specimens from the following herbaria:
BHCB, CESJ, HUEFS, HUFU, INPA, UB, OUPR, P, R, RB,
SP and SPF (Thiers, continuously updated); as well as material collected in the Cerrado and Caatinga from the Espinhaço mountain range (states of Minas Gerais and Bahia),
and in the Cerrado from the states of Goiás and Tocantins.
The database SpeciesLink (2014) also has been consulted.
The collected material was deposited in the Herbarium
of the Museu Nacional (R). The checklist of Eriocaulon
L. was developed after careful study of the nomenclatural
types housed in the R and the Jardim Botânico do Rio de
Janeiro (RB) herbaria, as well as the online images, available
Part of first author’s PhD thesis
Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Quinta da Boa Vista,
São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
* Corresponding author: ribeirosenna1@gmail.com
2
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
on the internet, of the types from the following herbaria: B,
BR, CAL, G, HBG, K, M, NY, P, S, TEX-LL and US (Thiers,
continuosly updated). The protologues were also analyzed.
Whenever possible, one voucher for each domain of occurrence was selected, which most closely matched the morphological characters described in the protologue and/or
collected in the type locality. There is no mention of selected
material when only the type was seen or when no voucher
was found. Only well known synonyms are cited. The species
were considered to represent distinct evolutionary lineages
(Queiroz 2007). To delimit these entities, we assumed that
each species has a unique set of characters (Davis & Nixon
1992). The conservation categories were established according to IUCN (2012): with their respective acronyms.
The geographic domains are according to IBGE (2004).
The states where the species occur have been abbreviated
as follows: Acre (AC), Amapá (AP), Amazonas (AM), Bahia
(BA), Goiás (GO), Maranhão (MA), Mato Grosso (MT),
Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG), Pará (PA),
Paraná (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), Rio de Janeiro
(RJ), Rondônia (RO), Santa Catarina (SC), São Paulo (SP),
Tocantins (TO), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and Roraima (RR)
as well the Distrito Federal (DF).
Results and discussion
1.Eriocaulon alto-gibbosum Ruhland, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30:
146. 1901. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, 23/VI/1899, R.
Pilger 757 (B “photo !”).
Eriocaulon gibbosum var. mattogrossense Ruhland, Bot.
Jahrb. Syst. 30: 146. 1901. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso,
4/V/1899, R. Pilger 586 (B “photo !”), syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Cerrado (BA, GO, MT, and
TO). It is emergent, living on river banks. It was not found
in conservation units. Because this species has a large extent
of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon alto-gibbosum can be recognized by: membranaceous leaves with a red sheath; hemispherical capitula
with vegetative reproduction; pistillate flowers with gibbous
sepals, incrassate gibba and ventral petal slightly longer than
the lateral ones.
According to Govaerts (2006), Eriocaulon gibbosum var.
matogrossense is a synonym of E. gibbosum (not E. altogibbosum). Nonetheless, Giulietti et al. (2013) considered
it as an accepted taxon. Although Eriocaulon alto-gibbosum
has a highly variable morphology (Ruhland 1903), we noted
that specimens under the name of E. gibbosum var. matogrossense have the same exclusive set of characters states
of E. alto-gibbosum whereas E. gibbosum is 10-15 cm high,
has incrassate leaves with a green sheath, and no vegetative
reproduction in capitula, justifying the synonymy.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Dianópolis, 07/
VI/2009, fl. fr., A. Oliveira et al. 257 (R).
176
2. Eriocaulon aquatile Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 495. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra de Santo Antônio,
VIII/1818, Martius s.n. (M “photo !”).
Eriocaulon angustifolium Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 495. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “chapada de N. S. d’abadia”, V/1848,
Gardner 4382 (K “photo !”).
Eriocaulon cipoense Silveira, Flora e Serras Mineiras
33-34. 1908. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó,
IV/1905, A. Silveira 343 (R!), syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Atlantic forest (MG) and in
the Cerrado (GO and MG). It is submerged fixed, living in
small rivers and streams. It was found in “Parque Estadual
do Rio Preto” and “Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó”
conservation units. Because this species has a large extent
of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon aquatile can be recognized by: rhizome or
short stem; membranaceous 3-5 nerved leaves; 1-3 scapes;
staminate and pistillate flowers with sepals smaller than petals
in mature capitula and staminate flowers with equal petals.
We compared the types as well as the data of the
protologues of E. cipoense and E. aquatile, and found no
morphological differences between these taxa. We also
analyzed specimens from many localities in Minas Gerais,
and all showed the same set of exclusive characters states,
justifying the synonymy.
Eriocaulon angustifolium was considered a synonym of
Eriocaulon aquatile Körn. by Giulietti (1978b). Nowadays,
in the world checklist (Govaerts 2006), E. angustifolium
is an accepted name but in the checklist of species from
Brazil (Giulietti et al. 2013) it is considered a synonym of
E. aquatile. According to the protologue of E. angustifolium,
the type was collected in Minas Gerais, but on the type label
at K is written “Goiás”. This latter information can be corroborated by Gardner’s manuscript: Catalogue of Brazilian
Plants (Hind 2012), where the number 4382 was collected in
Goiás. Images of the types indicate that E. angustifolium and
E. aquatile seem to be distinct species. We also do not found
E. aquatile from Goiás, in field work or herbaria specimens
analyzed. However, the study of the types is necessary to
know if E. angustifolium is really a synonym of E. aquatile
or a distinct species. Therefore, we decide in this checklist,
keep this binome as synonym of E. aquatile.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, 11/VIII/2008,
fl. fr., A. Oliveira & R. Moura 91 (R).
3. Eriocaulon araguaiense A. Oliveira & C. P. Bove, Syst.
Bot. 36(3): 605. 2011. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cocalinho, 12/X/1997, C. P. Bove et al. 267 (R!).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (BA and MT). It is
emergent, living on river banks. It was not found in conservation units. Because this species has a small area of
occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating
of Endangered Category (ENB2) is proposed. Eriocaulon
araguaiense was included in Critically Endangered category
in the original description (Oliveira & Bove 2011) but recent
collections in western Bahia allow us to reclassify it.
Eriocaulon araguaiense can be recognized by: 1 nerved
leaves; hemispherical capitula and obovate, olivaceous with
cream-colored base involucral bracts.
Selected material: Bahia, Formoso do Rio Preto, rio
Preto, 11o 4’ 2.3” S, 45o 19’ 12.8” W, 4/VI/2011, fl., C. P.
Bove et al. 2265. (R).
4. Eriocaulon arechavaletae Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot.
2: 125 (1935). Type: URUGUAY. José Arechavaleta 19 (?).
This species occurs in the Pampas (RS) and Uruguay. It
was not found in conservation units. Because there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment
of risk of extinction of this species, based on its distribution
and/or population status, the conservation rating of Data
Deficient (DD) is proposed.
The type has been not found, preventing a good characterization of this species.
5. Eriocaulon burchellii Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 50. 1903.
Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Cavalcante, s.d., Burchell 7812 (B
“photo !”, NY “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (GO). It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has a
small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon burchellii can be recognized by: lanceolate,
5-7 nerved leaves, smaller than spathe; hemispherical capitula; olivaceous involucral bracts; staminate flowers with
ventral petal longer than the lateral ones.
6. Eriocaulon cabralense Silveira, Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro 23: 162. 1921. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra
do Cabral, VI/1910, A. Silveira 595 (R!).
Eriocaulon paludicola Silveira Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro 23: 162. 1921. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra
do Cabral, IV/1917, A. Silveira 553 (R!), syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was found in
“Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral” conservation unit. This
species has a small area of occupancy and few locations are
known, but it does not suffer decline of extent of geographic
occurrence, occupancy area or population. Because this, the
conservation rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
Eriocaulon cabralense can be recognized by: lanceolate
leaves, longer than spathe; cylindrical capitula; staminate
flowers with equal petals and anthophore pilose at lower part.
The protologues of E. cabralense and E. paludicola
pointed out only one difference between these species: the
receptacle is described as pilose to E. cabralense and glabrous
to E. paludicola. They were described in the same article,
probably collected close to each other. However, the types
of these species were examined; and no differences were
found, being here considered as synonyms.
7. Eriocaulon carajense Moldenke, Phytologia 27: 63. 1973.
Type: BRAZIL. Pará: Marabá, 22/V/1969, P. Cavalcante
126 (LL “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (PA). It is
amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations in
rupestrian ferruginous fields, locally known as “campo de
canga”. It was not found in conservation units. Because this
species has a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100
km²), only one location known, and it suffers an increasing
of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Critically Endangered
category (CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon carajense can be recognized by: lanceolate
leaves, little longer or equal than spathe; hemispherical
capitula; suborbiculate cream-colored involucral bracts and
staminate flowers with obovate ventral petal.
8. Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 254.
1810. Type: AUSTRALIA. s.d., J. Banks s.n. (?).
Eriocaulon damazianum Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boissier
2(8): 986. 1908. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Arraial Antônio Pereira, III/1907, L. Damazio 1944 (G “photo !”, R!,
RB!), syn. nov.
Eriocaulon longirostrum Silveira & Ruhland, Pflanzenr.
4(30): 113. 1903. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São João
del Rei, VI/1986, A. Silveira 1268. (BHCB, NY “photo !”).
Eriocaulon sieboldianum Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud., Syn.
Pl. Glumac. 2: 272. 1855. Type: JAPAN. s.d., Siebold s.n. (?).
Eriocaulon steinbachii (Moldenke) Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 364. 1947. Type: BOLIVIA. Terebinto, 22/VIII/1916,
J. Steinbach 2669 (LIL, NY “photo !”).
This species is broadly distributed in America, Africa
and Asia. In Brazil it occurs in the Cerrado (GO and MG).
It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations.
It was found in “RPPN Santuário do Caraça” and “Parque
Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros” conservation units.
Because this species has broadly distribution with a large
extent of geographic occurrence in Brazil, the conservation
rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon cinereum can be recognized by: delicate
habit; membranaceous leaves; trimerous flowers; staminate
flowers with completely fused sepals and pistillate flowers
with linear petals.
177
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
This set of characters states is also found in Eriocaulon
damazianum, supporting the inclusion of the latter as a
synonym of E. cinereum.
9. Eriocaulon coniferum Herzog, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 20: 82. 1924. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio Grande,
1913, Luetzelburg 455 (F, M, R!).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (BA). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
not found in conservation units. Because this species has
a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
The type analyzed is a young specimen, preventing a
good characterization of this species.
10. Eriocaulon crassiscapum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 628. 1831. Type:
BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: entre Prados e Barbacena,
VI/18??, Riedel 296 (?).
Eriocaulon molle Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 487. 1863. Type:
BRAZIL. s.d., Martius 890 (MO “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest (MG and SP),
Caatinga (BA) and Cerrado (MG and SP). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was found
in “Estação Experimental de Itapetininga” conservation
unit. Because this species has a large extent of geographic
occurrence, the conservation rating of Least Concern (LC)
is proposed.
Eriocaulon crassiscapum can be recognized by: membranaceous leaves; hemispherical or ovoid capitula; incrassate scape and staminate flowers with ventral petal slightly
longer than the lateral ones.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, 4/
VIII/1968, fl., J. Badini et al. s.n. (OUPR 13375); Carandaí,
18/XI/1946, A. Duarte 514 (RB). São Paulo: Mogi Guaçu,
s.d., Riedel 1481 (K). Santo Amaro, 24/ XII/1911, A. C.
Brade 5536 (SP, SPF).
11. Eriocaulon cylindratum A. Oliveira & C. P. Bove, Syst.
Bot. 36(3): 605. 2011. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Aruanã,
11/XI/1999, C. P. Bove et al. 596 (R!).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (BA and GO). It is
amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
not found in conservation units. Because this species has
a small area of occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are
known (≤5) and it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the
conservation rating of Endangered Category (ENB2) is
proposed. Eriocaulon cylindratum was included in Critically
178
Endangered category in the original description (Oliveira
& Bove 2011) but recent collections in western Bahia allow
us to reclassify it.
Eriocaulon cylindratum can be recognized by: stoliniferous rhizome; 1 nerved leaves; cylindrical capitula and
obtrullate involucral bracts.
Selected material: Bahia, Barreiras, 14/VII/1983, fl., L.
S. S. Faria s.n. (HUEFS, SPF 65648).
12. Eriocaulon dictyophyllum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 486.
1863. Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Batatais, VI/1934, Riedel 2303 (B “photo !”, F). Minas Gerais: “prope oppidum
Salgado”, s.d., Martius s.n. (?).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG and SP). It is
amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
not found in conservation units. Because this species has
a small area of occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are
known (≤5), and it suffers an increasing of human pressure
with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Endangered Category (ENB2) is proposed.
Eriocaulon dictyophyllum can be recognized by: membranaceous, 7-15 nerved leaves, little longer or equal than
spathe, with disthicous alternate arrangement; hemispherical or ovoid capitula; cream-colored involucral bracts; olivaceous with cream colored base floral bracts and staminate
flowers with ventral petal longer than the lateral ones.
Salgado is the ancient name of a villa, which in 1833 was
declared the town of Januária (IBGE 2014a).
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Paraopeba,
s.d., fl., A. Silveira 467 (R).
13. Eriocaulon dimerum (Giul. & Miranda) A. Oliveira
stat. nov.
Eriocaulon ligulatum var. dimerum Giul. & Miranda, Kew
Bull. 64: 525–536. 2009. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Palmeiras,
s.d., Giulietti et al. 781 (ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS!, K).
This species occurs in the Caatinga (BA). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was found in
“APA Marimbus/Iraquara” conservation unit. This species
has a small area of occupancy and few locations are known,
but it does not suffer decline of extent occurrence, occupancy area or population. Because this, the conservation
rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon ligulatum var. dimerum can be recognized
by: robust habit; lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide
leaves, longer than spathe; slit spathe with laciniate apex;
hemispherical to spherical, compact capitula and dimerous
flowers.
The stability and importance of these character states
justify the elevation of E. ligulatum var. dimerum to species
rank. Instead, Eriocaulon ligulatum (Vell.) L. B. Sm. has a
closed spathe with truncate apex and trimerous flowers.
14. Eriocaulon elichrysoides Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 631. 1831. Type:
BRAZIL. São Paulo: Rio Pardo, s.d., Riedel 480. (?).
Eriocaulon beauverdii Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Eriocaulac. 62. 1946. Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo, 5/X/1905,
A. Usteri s.n. (?).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG) and Atlantic
Forest (SP and PR). It is amphibious, living along river
banks. It was found in the “Parque Nacional da Serra do
Cipó” and “Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar” conservation
units. Because this species has a large extent of geographic
occurrence, the conservation rating of Least Concern (LC)
is proposed.
Eriocaulon elichrysoides can be recognized by: robust
habit; lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide, flat leaves,
longer than spathe, with smooth transition from the sheath
to the blade; closed spathe with truncate apex; hemispherical to spherical, compact capitula; cream-colored involucral bracts that surpass the diameter of capitula; oblong,
cream-colored floral bracts with acuminate apex, giving
an echinate aspect to the capitula and staminate flowers
with equal petals.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Santana do
Riacho, 17/VIII/2008, fl., A. Oliveira & R. Moura 117 (R).
São Paulo: São Paulo, 27/VII/1917, F. C. Hoehne 367 (SP).
15. Eriocaulon epapillosum Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 57.
1903. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Uberaba, VI/1892,
E. Ule 3156 (B “photo !”, F).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has a
small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon epapillosum can be recognized by: lanceolate, 11-15 nerved leaves, equal or little longer than spathe;
hemispherical capitula; olivaceous with cream-colored base
floral bracts; staminate flowers with deeply concave sepals
and equal petals.
16. Eriocaulon gardnerianum (Körn.) A. Oliveira nom.
nov. et stat. nov.
Eriocaulon gibbosum var. longifolium Körn., Fl. Bras.
3(1): 489. 1863. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás, VI/1834, Gardner
4383 (B “photo !”, K “photo !”, P “photo !”). Minas Gerais:
Uberaba, VI/1834, Riedel 2416 (B “photo !”, K “photo !”,
P “photo !”) Goiás: Salinas, V-VII/1844, Weddell 2128
(P “photo !”). Minas Gerais: Uberaba, s.d., Lund s.n. (P
“photo !” [P01879402]). “in Brazilia orientali”, s.d., Vauthier s.n. (?).
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
This species occurs in the Cerrado (BA, GO, MT, and
MG). It is emergent, living on river banks. It was not found
in conservation units. Because this species has a large extent
of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon gardnerianum can be recognized by: membranaceous leaves, longer than spathe, in a spiral alternate
arrangement; pistillate flowers with gibbous sepals, incrassate gibba and ventral petal slightly longer than the lateral
ones.
Govaerts (2006) considered Eriocaulon gibbosum var.
longifolium an accepted name; nonetheless Giulietti et al.
(2013) synonymized it with Eriocaulon gibbosum. We consider that E. gibbosum var. longifolium has an exclusive and
stable set of important characters states, presented above,
against the incrassate leaves smaller than the spathe in a
distichous alternate arrangement observed in E. gibbosum,
justifying the elevation of this taxon to species rank.
Due to the previous existence of the binomium Eriocaulon longifolium the specific epithet “gardnerianum” was chosen in honor of the collector George Gardner (1812-1849†),
a Scottish botanist and explorer who made important collections of the Brazilian flora (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-1988).
Selected material: BRAZIL. Bahia: Correntina, 08/
VIII/1992, fl., M. A. Silva et al. 1593 (SP). Mato Grosso:
4 km de base camp 12º 54’S 51º 52’W, 11/VI/1968, Ratter
et al. 1724 (UB).
17. Eriocaulon gibbosum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 489. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra das Araras, 1840, Gardner 5275 (B “photo !”, K “photo !”, NMNH, P “photo !”, R!).
Minas Gerais: Uberaba, s.d., Lund s.n. (?).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has a
small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon gibbosum can be recognized by: incrassate
leaves, smaller than spathe, with a distichous alternate arrangement; pistillate flowers with gibbous sepals; coriaceous
gibba and ventral petal slightly longer than lateral petals.
18. Eriocaulon glaziovii Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 51.
1903. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: rio Corumbá, s.d.,
A. Glaziou s.n. (B “photo !” [B100244420], F).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It is submerged
fixed. It was not found in conservation units. Because this
species has only one location known, and it suffers an
increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of
area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Critically
Endangered category (CRB1) is proposed.
179
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
Eriocaulon glaziovii can be recognized by: membranaceous, 8-15 nerved leaves; hemispherical capitula with
vegetative reproduction; olivaceous with cream-colored
base involucral bracts; olivaceous floral bracts; pistillate
flowers with oblong to slightly obovate sepals and ventral
petal slightly longer than the lateral ones.
19. Eriocaulon gomphrenoides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 548.
1841. Type: BRAZIL. “Brasilia meridionalis”, s.d., Sellow
3890 (B “photo !”, F, K “photo !”).
This species occurs in the “campos de altitude” (high-altitude grassland vegetation) of the Atlantic Forest (PR, RS,
SC and SP). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded
locations. It was found in the “Parque Nacional de São Joaquim” conservation unit. Because this species has a large
extent of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of
Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon gomphrenoides can be recognized by: robust
habit; lanceolate, ca. 30 nerved and 0,5 cm wide leaves,
longer than spathe, with distichous alternate arrangement;
closed spathe with truncate apex; hemispherical to spherical, laxa capitula; cream-colored involucral bracts; sepals of
staminate and pistillate flowers olivaceous.
Although the date on the type label is January 1836,
Sellow died in 1831. The collection number indicates that
this specimen was collected in Sellow‘s fourth expedition,
from Montevideo, Uruguay to São Paulo, Brazil, between
the years 1821-1829 (Moraes 2008).
Selected material: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Urubici,
8/XII/2000, fl., G. Hatschbach et al. 71670 (RB). São Paulo: Queluz, 22º 24`30``S 44º 50`47``W, II/1997, fl., G. J.
Shepherd et al. 97/14 (SP).
20. Eriocaulon griseum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 475. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Piauí: inter Serra dos Dois Irmãos et Oeiras, V/1869, Martius s.n. (B “photo !” [B 100244413]).
This species occurs in the Caatinga and Cerrado (PI).
It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It
was found in the “Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões”
conservation unit. This species has a small area of occupancy
and few locations are known, but it does not suffer decline
of extent of geographic occurrence, occupancy area or
population. Because this, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon griseum can be recognized by: delicate habit;
membranaceous leaves; gray capitula; staminate flowers
with completely fused sepals and pistillate flowers with
petals similar to trichome.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Piauí: Caracol, 8/IV/2009,
fl., G. Martinelli et al. 16307 (RB).
21. Eriocaulon guyanense Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 478. 1863.
Type: GUYANA. Herb. Paris 173 (B “photo !”). GUYANA. Herb. Paris 125 (?).
180
Eriocaulon stramineum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 478. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Salinas, s.d., Weddell 2130 (P “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (AM, MA, and
PA), Cerrado (GO and MT) and Guyana. It is amphibious,
living in temporarily flooded locations. It was collected
in the “Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros” conservation unit. Because this species has a large extent of
geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon guyanense can be recognized by: delicate
habit; membranaceous leaves, smaller than or equal the
spathe; light cream-colored, hemispherical or ovoid capitula;
dimerous flowers and pistillate flowers with widely ovate,
winged sepals.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Goiás: Vila de São Jorge, 05/
VII/2009, fl., A. Oliveira et al. 245a (R). Maranhão: Carolina,
01/VI/1930, fl., J. M. Pires & Black 2538 (INPA).
22. Eriocaulon herzogii Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 44. 1969.
Eriocaulon pterosepalum Herzog, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 29: 204. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Pará (?): Teju,
IX/1927, Luetzelburg 21052 (R!, NY “photo !”). Pará (?):
Milho, s.d., Luetzelburg 21053 (NY “photo !”) nom. illeg.
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (MA or PA).
It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It
was not found in conservation units. Because this species
has a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²),
only one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon herzogii can be recognized by: delicate habit;
lanceolate, 5-7 nerved leaves; hemispherical capitula; creamcolored involucral bracts; trimerous flowers; staminate
flowers with crenate sepals; pistillate flowers with winged
sepals and barbate apex.
The voucher Luetzelburg 21052 was collected in “Nordbrasilien, Staat Pará (?): Teju, feuchte Campos, fast im
Wasser”. This is probably the village of Santa Maria de Teju
in Viana Municipality, Maranhão.
23. Eriocaulon humboldtii Kunth, Enum. pl. 3: 544. 1841.
Type: VENEZUELA. s.d., Humboldt s.n. (B “photo !”
[Macbride photo10560]).
Eriocaulon aequinoctiale Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30):
47. 1903. Type: VENEZUELA. Tiramuto, s.d., Passarge &
Selwyn 590 (?).
This species occurs in Brazil, in the Amazon Forest
(AC, AP, PA, RR, and TO), and the Cerrado (MT and MS)
as well in Venezuela. It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was found in “Reserva do Cabaçal”
conservation unit. Because this species has a large extent
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon humboldtii can be recognized by: robust
habit; chartaceous leaves, longer than or equal to sphate;
hemispherical, compact, 1-3 capitula and staminate flowers
with ventral petal longer than the lateral ones.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Sonora,
22/VII/2003, fl., C. P. Bove et al. 1154 (R). Roraima: Boa
Vista, 03/XI/1977, fl., L. Coradin & M. R. Cordeiro s.n.
(INPA 76286).
24. Eriocaulon koernickei Britton, J. Bot. 38: 482. 1900.
Eriocaulon pygmaeum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 477. 1863.
Type: “Brasilia orientali”, s.d. Vauthier s.n. (B “photo !”).
nom. illeg.
Eriocaulon vauthieri (Körn.) Ruhland, Pflanzenr. (4)30:
37. 1903.
The domain where this species occurs is unknown. It was
not found in conservation units. Because there is inadequate
information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of risk
of extinction of this species, based on its distribution and/or
population status, the conservation rating of Data Deficient
(DD) is proposed.
Eriocaulon koernickei can be recognized by: delicate
habit; membranaceous leaves, much longer than the spathe;
cream-colored, hemispherical or ovoid capitula; dimerous
flowers and pistillate flowers with widely ovate, winged
sepals.
It is very similar to and may be a synonym of Eriocaulon
guyanense, although a more detailed analysis of types is
needed to resolve this question.
25. Eriocaulon laxifolium Körn., Fl. bras. 3(1): 494 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, s.d., Martius s.n. (F).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon laxifolium can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, membranaceous leaves, longer than sphate;
hemispherical and compact capitula; olivaceous involucral
bracts and staminate flowers with equal petals.
26. Eriocaulon leptophyllum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 549. 1841.
Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, s.d., Sellow d2513 (B
“photo !”, K “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Pampas (RS) and Uruguay. It
is submerged fixed, living in temporarily flooded locations.
It was not found in conservation units. Because this species
has only one location known, and it suffers an increasing
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Critically Endangered
category (CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon leptophyllum can be recognized by: membranaceous leaves, longer than spathe; hemispherical
capitula; olivaceous with cream-colored base involucral
bracts; staminate flowers with completely fused sepals and
ventral petal slightly longer than lateral petals.
On the type label (K) is written “Brasilia meridionalis”,
December 1836. Nonetheless, Sellow died in 1831 (Moraes
2008). Numbers d2439-2818 were collected in Porto Alegre
and Serra do Herval from January to September 1825 (Urban 1906).
27. Eriocaulon ligulatum (Vell.) L. B. Sm., Contr. Gray Herb.
124: 5 1939. Type: plate published in Flora fluminensis vol
1. tab. 86. 1827.
Dupatya ligulata Vell., Fl. flumin. vol 1. tab. 86. 1827.
Eriocaulon kunthii Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 482-483. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Rio das Pedras, s.d., Sellow 1290
(B “photo !”). Minas Gerais: Congonhas do Campo, s.d.,
Stephan s.n. (NY “photo !”). São Paulo, s.d., Riedel 2388 (?)
Eriocaulon magnificum var. goyazense Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 342. 1969. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: rodovia Brasilia
- Belo Horizonte, divisa do DF, 8/VIII/1968, E. P. Heringer
& N. Lima 11717 (NY “photo !”, UB!), syn. nov.
Eriocaulon vaginatum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 483-484.
1863. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas, s.d. Regell. s.n.
(B “photo !”) syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Caatinga (BA), Cerrado (GO,
MG, SP, and DF) and Atlantic Forest (RJ). It is amphibious,
living in temporarily flooded locations and river banks. It
was found in “RPPN Santuário do Caraça” conservation
unit. Because this species has a large extent of geographic
occurrence, the conservation rating of Least Concern (LC)
is proposed.
Eriocaulon ligulatum can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide, plicate leaves,
longer than spathe, with abrupt transition to sheath from
blade; closed spathe with truncate apex; hemispherical to
spherical, compact capitula; oblong, cream-colored floral
bracts with acute or acuminate apex; staminate flowers
with equal petals.
We noted that specimens under the name of Eriocaulon
magnificum var. goyazense have the same exclusive set of
characters states of E. ligulatum whereas E. magnificum
var. magnificum Ruhland has a slit spathe with acute apex,
justifying the synonymy. Eriocaulon vaginatum also, has the
same exclusive set of characters states being here considered
a synonym of Eriocaulon ligulatum.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Bahia: Caetité, 13/IV/1980,
fl., R. M. Harley 21342 (HUEFS). Minas Gerais, 31/
VIII/1986, fl., J. Badini s.n. (OUPR 13111, R).
181
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
28. Eriocaulon linearifolium Körn., Linnaea 27: 601. 1854.
Type: BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Rio Preto, IX/1839, Gardner
2954 (B “photo !”, F, G “photo !”, K “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest (PE). It is
amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
not found in conservation units. Because this species has
only one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon linearifolium can be recognized by: robust
habit; linear leaves, longer than or equal to sphate; hemispherical and compact capitula; staminate flowers with equal
petals and white anthers.
The locality on the type label at B and G herbaria as well
in the protologue is “Piahui”, while on the the type label
at K herbarium is printed “Bahia, Serra da Batalha”, but
also is written, in ink, “Pernambuco, Rio Preto”. This latter
information can be corroborated by Gardner’s manuscript:
Catalogue of Brazilian Plants (Hind 2012), where the number 2954 was collected in Pernambuco. The Rio Preto is a
tributary of Rio Una, located between the towns of Palmeiras
and Água Preta (IBGE 2014b).
29. Eriocaulon macrobolax Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 484. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, s.d., Martius s.n. (B “photo
!” - fragm. [B100244405], F).
This species occurs in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest
(MG), in dry or moist habitats. It was not found in conservation units. Because there is inadequate information to make
a direct, or indirect, assessment of risk of extinction of this
species, based on its distribution and/or population status,
the conservation rating of Data Deficient (DD) is proposed.
The type has only one leaf preventing a good characterization of this species.
The protologue mentions two localities in Minas Gerais:
an unknown place on the bank of São Francisco River and
the Serra de Santo Antônio, located in southern Minas
Gerais, near Andrelândia.
30. Eriocaulon magnificum Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 48
1903. Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Tubarão, IX/1890,
E. Ule 1689 (B “photo !”, F, HBG “photo !”).
Eriocaulon deslandesii Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 421422. 1928. Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Povo Novo,
X/1928, A. Silveira 220 (R!).
Eriocaulon reitzii Moldenke & L. B. Sm., Phytologia
25: 430. 1973. Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: São José,
24/X/1954, R. Reitz & R. M. Klein 5428 (NMNH, US “photo
!”), syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest (SC) in Restinga vegetation, and in the Pampas (RS). It is amphibious,
182
living in temporarily flooded locations. It was not found in
conservation units. Because this species has a small extent
of geographic occurrence (< 20,000 km2), with few locations
known (≤ 10), and it suffers an increasing of human pressure
with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Vunerable (VUB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon magnificum can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide, plicate leaves, longer
than spathe, with abrupt transition to sheath from blade and
distichous alternate arrangement; slit spathe with acute apex;
hemispherical to spherical, compact capitula; cream-colored
floral bracts; staminate flowers with equal petals; pistillate
flowers inserted in a long, villous anthophore, 2.5 x 1 mm
and ventral petal longer than the lateral petals.
The protologue of Eriocaulon reitzii mentioned the
similarity with Eriocaulon magnificum, but no distinctive
features were stated. We noted that this species has the same
exclusive set of characters states presented above. Because
this, Eriocaulon reitzii is here considered as a synonym of
E. magnificum.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Povo
Novo, X/1928, fl., A. Silveira 220 (R!).
31. Eriocaulon magnum Abbiatti, Revista Mus. La Plata,
Secc. Bot.6(26): 323. 1946. Type: ARGENTINA. Chaco,
X/1945, A. G. Schultz 6337 (LP).
Eriocaulon singulare Moldenke, Phytologia 48: 253.
1981. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba, 16/IX/1950,
A. Macedo 2589 (NY “photo !”), syn. nov.
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG and SP), in the
“campos de altitude” (high-altitude grassland vegetation)
of the Atlantic Forest (PR, SC, and SP) and in the Pampas
(RS), Argentina, and Paraguay. It is amphibious, living in
temporarily flooded locations or in floating mats in lakes.
It was found in “APA Rio Vermelho/Humbold” and “APA
Estadual de Guaratuba” conservation units. Because this
species has a large extent of geographic occurrence, the
conservation rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon magnum can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide, plicate leaves,
longer than spathe, with abrupt transition to sheath from
blade and disthicous alternate arrangement; closed spathe
with obtuse apex and composed (with two or three capitula),
hemispherical to spherical, compact capitula.
Eriocaulon magnum was described from Argentina and
Paraguay, and Eriocaulon singulare from Brazil (state of Minas Gerais). Both have the same exclusive set of characters
states. Analysis of specimens from Argentina, Paraguay
and Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Paraná and Rio Grande
do Sul) showed no morphological distinctions and a continuous geographic distribution; therefore, E. singulare is
considered here as a synonym of E. magnum.
The type locality cited in the protologue of Eriocaulon
singulare is “from campestre do brejo, La Serra do Conego,
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
Minas Gerais, Brazil”. However, on the type label there is no
mention of the Serra do Conego. We suppose that this is a
misspelling of beira do córrego, which means creek bank.
Moreover, the type label also bears the word Ituiutaba, the
town where the type was collected.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Paraná: Curitiba, 8/IX/1966,
fl., J. C. Lindeman & J. H. Haas 2419 (RB). São Paulo:
Bauru, 12/VII/1986, fl., A. D. Faria et al. 96/211 (SPF).
Cubatão, VII/1986, fl., M. Sugiyama & M. Kirizawa 666
(SP). ARGENTINA. Corrientes, 26/IX/2007, fl., Schinini
et al. 36862 (HUEFS).
32. Eriocaulon majusculum Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30):
45. 1903. Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra do Itatiaia,
XII/1895, E. Ule 3770 (B “photo !”, HBG “photo !”).
This species occurs in “campos de altitude” (high-altitude
grassland vegetation), in the Atlantic Forest (MG and RJ). It
is emergent, living in flooded locations. It was found in the
“Parque Nacional do Itatiaia” conservation unit. Because
this species has a large extent of geographic occurrence, the
conservation rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon majusculum can be recognized by: robust
habit; lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 1 cm wide leaves, longer
than spathe, with spiral alternate arrangement; closed spathe
with truncate apex; hemispherical to spherical, compact capitula and ovate, cream-colored floral bracts with acute apex.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: planalto do
Itatiaia, 22-28/XI/1938, fl., fr., Markgraf & Brade 3661 (RB).
33. Eriocaulon megapotamicum Malme, Ark. Bot. 26A(9):
8. 1935. Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Povo Novo, 12/
XI/1901, Malme II:406 (S “photo !”) .
This species occurs in the Pampas (RS). It is amphibious,
living in temporarily flooded locations. It was not found in
conservation units. Because this species has a small extent
of geographic occurrence (< 5,000 km2), with few locations
known (≤ 5), and it suffers an increasing of human pressure
with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Endangered (ENB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon megapotamicum can be recognized by:
robust habit; lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide,
plicate leaves, longer than spathe, with distichous alternate
arrangement; slit spathe with laciniate apex; hemispherical
to spherical, laxa capitula; oblong, olivaceous floral bracts
and pistillate flowers, inserted in a long anthophore, with
villous petals.
34. Eriocaulon melanolepis Silveira, Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro 23: 163. 1921. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Sete Lagoas, IV/1908, Serra do Cabral, VI/1910, A. Silveira 500 (R!).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It is submerged
fixed, living in rivers. It was not collected in conservation
units. Because this species has a small area of occupancy
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
(< 500 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and it suffers an
increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of
area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Endangered
Category (ENB2) is proposed.
Eriocaulon melanolepis can be recognized by: linear, 6-7
nerved leaves; olivaceous involucral bracts; hemispherical,
ca. 10 capitula; trimerous flowers and staminate flowers with
the ventral petal longer than the lateral ones
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa,
04/VII/1936, fl., Mello Barreto 4406 (R).
35. Eriocaulon milhoense Herzog, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 29: 204. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Pará (?): Milho, s.d.,
Luetzelburg 21053b (F, M).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (MA or PA).
It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It
was not found in conservation units. Because this species
has a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²),
only one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon milhoense can be recognized by: delicate
habit; lanceolate, 5-7 nerved leaves; hemispherical capitula; involucral bracts cream-colored; trimerous flowers;
staminate flowers with crenate sepals; pistillate flowers with
winged sepals and barbate apex.
Although no information on the locality mentioned in
the protologue (Milho) was found, according to the data
from the preceding collection numbers of Luetzelburg
(21052 and 21053a), the type was collected near the village
of Santa Maria de Teju in Viana Municipality, Maranhão.
36. Eriocaulon modestum Kunth, Enum. pl. 547. 1841.
Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, s.d., Gaudichaud 1835 (B
“photo !”). Rio de Janeiro: Praia de Sernambetiba, s.d.,
Luschnath s.n. (?).
Eriocaulon modestum f. viviparum Herzog ex Moldenke,
Phytologia 25(7): 432. 1973. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás, 1913,
Luetzelburg 15510 (NY “photo !”).
Eriocaulon candidum Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
77: 389. 1950. Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Tramandaí, 30/X/1949, A. R. Schultz 700 (NY“photo !”), syn. nov.
Eriocaulon steyermarkii var. bahiense Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 229. 1975. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: 5km W of
Mucugê, Fazenda Paraguaçú, 41° 25’ W, 13° 02’ S, 6/II/1974,
R. M. Harley et al. 16068 (LL “photo !”, MO “photo !”, K
“photo !”), syn. nov.
This taxon occurs in the Caatinga (BA and PI), Cerrado
(GO, MG, MT, and DF), Atlantic Forest (PR, RJ, RS, SC, and
SP), and Pampas (RS). It is submerged fixed, living in permanently flooded locations or small rivers. It was found in the
“Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros” and “Parque
Nacional da Chapada Diamantina” conservation units. Be-
183
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
cause this species has a large extent of geographic occurrence,
the conservation rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon modestum can be recognized by: fenestrate
leaves, longer or equal than spathe; floral bracts with creamcolored base and olivaceous apex; trimerous flowers; staminate flowers with the frontal petal much longer than the
lateral ones. However, it has variable morphology in some
respects: the involucral bracts can be ovate to obovate, and
the floral bracts can be oblong to obtrullate with olivaceous
to cream-colored base. The presence of viviparous capitula
can be observed in some populations collected in Goiás.
Eriocaulon candidum shows the exclusive set of characters states presented above, therefore, is considered here as
a synonym of E. modestum.
Eriocaulon steyermarkii var. bahiensis has been distinguished from the typical variety, in the protologue, by its
brownish involucral bracts with acute apex, against black
involucral bracts with obtuse apex. However, after analysis
of the protologue of Eriocaulon steyermarkii var. bahiensis,
images of the type, as well a specimen collected in the type
locality (A. Oliveira & R. Moura 192 (R)) we realize that the
set of characters of E. steyermarkii var. bahiensis is consistent with that found in Eriocaulon modestum. Eriocaulon
steyermarkii Moldenke var. steyermarkii has dimerous
flowers and the staminate flowers with equal petals whereas
Eriocaulon steyermarkii var. bahiensis has the same set of
states of characters, presented above. The stability and
importance of them indicate that this taxon is not a variety
of Eriocaulon steyermarkii but a synonym of E. modestum.
We also should consider the great geographic disjunction
of these taxa. While Eriocaulon steyermarkii var. bahiensis
occurs in the Caatinga in state of Bahia in Brazil Eriocaulon
steyermarkii Moldenke var. steyermarkii occurs in Amazon
Forest in Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás,
02/VI/2009, fl., A. Oliveira et al. 233 (R). Rio Grande do Sul:
Tramandaí, IX/1973, fl., fr., J. Vidal. IV-174 (R).
37. Eriocaulon multiscapum (Moldenke) A. Oliveira nom.
nov. et stat. nov.
Eriocaulon aquatile var. latifolium Moldenke, Phytologia
48(3): 253. 1981. Type: BRAZIL. Amapá: acampamento
Henrique BR 156, 11/II/1979, B. Rabelo 6 (NY “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (AP and
PA). It is submerged fixed, living in streams. It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has a
large extent of occurrence, a conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon aquatile var. latifolium can be recognized by:
mebranaceous, ca. 40 nerved leaves; ca. 100 scapes; hemispherical capitula and staminate flowers with equal petals.
Although Eriocaulon aquatile var. latifolium is currently
considered a synonym of Eriocaulon aquatile var. aquatile
(Govaerts 2006, Giulietti et al. 2013), this variety has an
184
exclusive set of characters states, presented above whereas
the tipical variety has 3-5 nerved leaves and 1-3 capitula.
We also should consider the great geographic disjunction
of these taxa. Eriocaulon aquatile var. latifolium occurs in
the Amazon forest, in the state of Amapá while Eriocaulon
aquatile var. aquatile occurs in the Cerrado, only in the
state of Minas Gerais. The stability and importance of these
character states as well the geographic disjunction justify
the elevation of E. aquatile var. latifolium to species rank.
Because the binomen Eriocaulon latifolium Sm. is preoccupied, the specific epithet “multiscapum” was chosen in
reference to the large number of scapes.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Amapá: Amapá, 22/IX/2014,
fl., C. P. Bove & C. T. Philbrick 2470 (R).
38. Eriocaulon neglectum Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 59
1903. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás, s.d., Gardner 4381 (B “photo
!”, K “photo !”, W).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (GO). The life form
and habitat are unknow. It was not found in conservation
units. Because this species has only one location known, and
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of
Critically Endangered category (CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon neglectum can be recognized by: delicate
habit; lanceolate, membranaceous, 3-4 nerved leaves, longer
than or equal the spathe; hemispherical, laxa, gray capitula;
olivaceous with cream-colored base floral sepals, longer
than flowers and trimerous flowers.
39. Eriocaulon obtusum Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 46.
1903. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Uberaba, VI/1892, E.
Ule 3157 (B“photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
not found in conservation units. Because this species has
a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon obtusum can be recognized by: incrassate
leaves, much smaller than spathe; hemispherical capitula;
floral bracts cream-colored and staminate flowers with
ventral petal slightly longer than the lateral ones.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Uberaba, 04/
VII/1936, fl., Mello Barreto 4406 (HUFU).
40. Eriocaulon palustre Salzm. ex Steud, Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2(10): 280. 1855. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia, s.d., P. Salzmann s.n.
(G “photo !”, K “photo !”, MO “photo !” [2133721]).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest, in Restinga
vegetation (BA and PE). It is emergent, living in temporarily
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
flooded locations. Because this species has a small area of
occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Endangered Category (ENB2) is proposed.
Eriocaulon palustre can be recognized by: delicate habit;
membranaceous leaves, longer than spathe; gray capitula; pistillate flowers with sepals completely fused and incrassate petals.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Bahia: Canavieiras, 12/
VI/1978, fl., fr., T. S. dos Santos & L. A. Mattos-Silva s.n.
(HUEFS 38841).
41. Eriocaulon papillosum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 489. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Goiás, s.d., Weddell 2135 (NY “photo !”
- fragm., P “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (GO). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was not found
in conservation units. Because this species has a small area
of occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of
Endangered Category (ENB2) is proposed.
Eriocaulon papillosum can be recognized by: papillose
leaves, smaller than spathe; hemispherical or cylindrical
capitula; cream-colored floral bracts and staminate flowers
with petals slightly longer than the lateral ones.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Almas, 06/
VI/2009, fl., fr., A. Oliveira et al. 255 (R).
42. Eriocaulon paraguayense Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 497.
1863. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio Paraguai, s.d., Weddell 3054 (NY “photo !” – fragm., P “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MT). It was not
found in conservation units. Because this species has only
one location known, and it suffers an increasing of human
pressure with continuing decline of area of occupancy,
the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category
(CRB1) is proposed.
It is very similar to and may be a synonym of Eriocaulon
humboldtii, although a more detailed analysis of types is
needed to resolve this question.
43. Eriocaulon pilgeri Ruhland, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(2): 147.
1901. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, 24/II/1899, Pilger 239
(B “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MT). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was not found
in conservation units. Because this species has a small area
of occupancy (< 500 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of
Endangered Category (ENB2) is proposed.
Eriocaulon pilgeri can be recognized by: lanceolate
leaves, smaller than spathe; hemispherical or cylindri-
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
cal capitula; obtrullate, cream-colored floral bracts with
acuminate apex; pistillate flowers with gibbous sepals and
membranaceous gibba.
Ruhland (1901) mentioned the similarity between E.
gibbosum and E. pilgeri, but without seeing the pistillate flowers of the latter. Eriocaulon pilgeri has the characters states
presented above whereas E. gibbosum has obovate, olivaceous with cream-colored base floral bracts with acute apex;
pistillate flowers with gibbous sepals and coriaceous gibba.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, 26/
IV/1964, fl., G. Malme 1572 (R!, F, NY “photo !”).
44. Eriocaulon radiosum (Ruhland) A. Oliveira, stat. nov.
Eriocaulon ulaei var. radiosa Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30):
48. 1903. Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: “Insel Sa Catharina”, II/1887, E. Ule 639 (B “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest, in Restinga
vegetation (SC). It is amphibious, living along lakeshores. It
was not found in conservation units. Because this species has
a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only one
location known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure
with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation
rating of Critically Endangered category (CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon radiosum can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, chartaceous, ca. 100 nerved leaves, longer than
spathe, with disthicous alternate arrangement; slit spathe
with acuminate apex; hemispherical capitula; often viviparous; narrowly involucral bracts and reflexed floral bracts
surpassing the capitula.
Eriocaulon ulaei var. radiosa was distinguished from
Eriocaulon ulaei Ruhland var. ulaei in the protologue by
the often viviparous capitula and the narrowly involucral
bracts. However, the outstanding character in this taxon is
the presence of reflexed floral bracts surpassing the capitula.
These character states, together with the sheath with a lateral
slit and the acuminate apex, provide this taxon an exclusive
and stable set of characters states, justifying its elevation to
species rank.
45. Eriocaulon regnellii Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 35. 1948.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas, 20/IV/1870, A. F.
Regnell III.1740 (NY “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest (MG). It was
found in “APA Sul RMBH” conservation unit. This species
has a small area of occupancy and few locations are known,
but it does not suffer decline of extent occurrence, occupancy area or population. Because this, the conservation
rating of Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
It is very similar to and may be a synonym of Eriocaulon
neglectum, although a more detailed analysis of types is
needed to resolve this question.
185
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
46. Eriocaulon sellowianum Kunth, Enum. pl. 545. 1841.
Type: BRAZIL. s.d., Sellow s.n. (B “photo !” [B100244385]).
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. minor Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 463. 1973. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Chapada dos
Veadeiros, Harley et al. 11388 (K “photo !”), syn. nov.
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. paranense (Moldenke)
Moldenke & L. B. Sm., Phytologia 26: 37. 1973. Type:
BRAZIL. Paraná, 5/XII/1981, L. B. Smith et al. 15667 (K
“photo !”), syn. nov.
Eriocaulon rosulatum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 487. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “prope Salgado”, s.d., Martius
s.n. (F, M “photo !”), syn. nov.
This species occurs in Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil
it occurs in the Atlantic Forest (BA, MG, PR, and SC)
and in the Cerrado (GO, MG, MT, MS, SP, and DF). It is
amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was
found in the “Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros”
conservation unit. Because this species has a large extent
of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon sellowianum can be recognized by: incrassate
leaves, much smaller than spathe; hemispherical capitula;
floral bracts cream-colored and staminate flowers with
ventral petal longer than the lateral ones.
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. minor has been distinguished from the typical variety only by the smaller size.
Analyses of 32 collections from many localities distributed
in all domains where this species occurs showed a highly
variable size in different populations, as well as in the same
population. Likewise, there are no distinctive characters
between Eriocaulon sellowianum var. paranense, Eriocaulon
rosulatum and Eriocaulon sellowianum.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Carandaí, 28/
XI/1946, fl., A. P. Duarte 679 (RB). Paraná: Ponta Grossa,
XII/1969, fl., fr., L. Krieger 7540 (CESJ). São Paulo: Itararé,
30/X/1993, fl., V. C. Souza et al. 4395 (SPF).
47. Eriocaulon setaceum L., Sp. pl. 1: 87. 1753. Type: Sri
Lanka, Herb. Hermann species n. 50 (BM).
Eriocaulon capillus-naiadis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:
572. 1893. Type: INDIA. Khasia Hills, s.d., J. D. Hooker &
T. Thomson s.n. (CAL “photo !” [CAL0000001691]).
Eriocaulon heteropeplon Silveira, Floral. Mont. 12. 1928.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó, IV/1905, A.
Silveira 345 (R!).
Eriocaulon intermedium Körn., Linnaea 27: 701. 1856.
Type: INDIA. s.d., R. Wight 2369 (K “photo !”).
Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth, Enum. pl. 549. 1841.
Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo, s.d., Sellow 5850 (B “photo !”).
186
Eriocaulon schippii Standl. ex Moldenke, N. Amer. Fl. 19:
34. 1937. Type: HONDURAS, 11/IX/1930, W. A. Schippii
647 (B “photo !”).
Eriocaulon usterianum Beauv. Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. II.
8, p.284. 1908. Type: Brazil, São Paulo: Serra da Cantareira,
5/IV/1907, A. Usteri s.n. (G “photo !”, K “photo !”).
This species is broadly distributed in America, Africa
and Asia. In Brazil it occurs in the Amazon Forest (AM, PA
and RO), Atlantic Forest (SP) and Cerrado (GO, MG, and
MT). It is submerged fixed. Because this species has a large
extent of geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of
Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon setaceum can be recognized by: flexuos stem;
linear, 1 nerved leaves; hemispherical capitula; staminate
flowers with olivaceous, glabrous and deeply concave sepals
that surpass the corolla.
Selected material: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, 31/III/1968,
fl., D. Philcox & B. Freeman 4639 (UB).
48. Eriocaulon silveirae Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Eriocaulac. 62. 1946.
Eriocaulon longipedunculatum Silveira, Floralia montium 1: 15. 1928. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: between Formiga and Candeias, X/1921, A. Silveira 723 (R!) nom. illeg.
This species occurs in the Cerrado (MG). It is emergent, living along the banks of streams. It was not found in
conservation units. Because this species has a small extent
of geographic occurrence (< 100 km²), only one location
known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure
with continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of Critically Endangered category (CRB1) is
proposed.
Eriocaulon silveirae can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide leaves, longer
than spathe; closed spathe with truncate apex; hemispherical to spherical capitula; cream-colored involucral bracts;
staminate and pistillate flowers with ventral petal longer
than the laterals one.
49. Eriocaulon spongiosifolium Silveira, Arq. Mus. Nac.
Rio de Janeiro 23: 161. 1921. Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Rio
Claro, XII/1888, A. Lofgreen 1197 (R!, SP).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (SP). It is amphibious,
living along river banks. It was not found in conservation
units. Because this species has a small extent of geographic
occurrence (< 100 km²), only one location known, and it
suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of
Critically Endangered category (CRB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon spongiosifolium can be recognized by: robust
habit; lanceolate, ca. 100 nerved and 2 cm wide, flat leaves,
longer than spathe, with smooth transition from the sheath
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
ERIOCAULON L. from Brazil: An annotated checklist and taxonomic novelties
to the blade; slit spathe with acute apex; hemispherical to
spherical, compact capitula; cream-colored involucral bracts
that surpass the diameter of capitula and oblong, creamcolored floral bracts.
50. Eriocaulon spruceanum Körn., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 488. 1863.
Type: BRAZIL. X/1852-I/1953, Spruce 2607 (F, G “photo !”,
NY “photo !”).
Eriocaulon spruceanum f. amphibium Herzog, Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 203. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Papurí, 7/X/1928, Luetzelburg 22796, 23007,
23017, 23870, 23882 (R!).
Eriocaulon spruceanum f. fluitans Herzog, Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 203. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas:
Cururú, Uapés River, Luetzelburg n. 23251 a 23257 (?).
Eriocaulon spruceanum f. viviparum Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 342. 1969. Type: COLOMBIA. Meta: La Macarena:
Guayabero River, I-III/1959, H. Garcia-Barriga & R. J. Mejia
17096 (NY “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest (AM) and
Colombia. It is submerged fixed. It was not found in conservation units. Because this species has a large extent of
geographic occurrence, the conservation rating of Least
Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon spruceanum can be recognized by: membranaceous leaves, longer than spathe; hemispherical
capitula; involucral bracts cream-colored; pistillate flowers
with asymmetrical and winged sepals.
51. Eriocaulon tenuifolium Klotzsch ex Körn., Fl. Bras.
3(1): 496. 1863. Type: GUYANA. Papira, II/1842, Schomburgk 448 (B “photo !” [B100244388], K “photo !”). Papira,
III/1842, Schomburgk 285 (?).
Eriocaulon brevifolium Klotzsch ex Körn. Fl. Bras. 3(1): 496.
1863. Type: GUYANA, s.d., Schomburgk 107 (B “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Amazon Forest, in cerrado
vegetation (RR) and in Guyana. It is emergent, living in
temporarily flooded locations. It was found in “Parque
Nacional do Viruá” conservation unit. This species has a
small area of occupancy and few locations are known, but
it does not suffer decline of extent occurrence, occupancy
area or population. Because this, the conservation rating of
Least Concern (LC) is proposed.
Eriocaulon tenuifolium can be recognized by: robust
habit; membranaceous leaves, longer than or equal to sphate;
hemispherical, compact, 8-15 capitula and staminate flowers
with ventral petal longer than the lateral ones.
52. Eriocaulon ulaei Ruhland, Pflanzenr. 4(30): 47. 1903.
Type: BRAZIL, s.l., I/1889, E. Ule 1315 (B “photo !”, F).
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest, in Restinga
vegetation (SC). It is amphibious, living in temporarily
Acta bot. bras. 29(2): 175-189. 2015.
flooded locations. It was not found in conservation units.
Because this species has a small extent of geographic occurrence (< 5,000 km2), few locations are known (≤5) and
it suffers an increasing of human pressure with continuing
decline of area of occupancy, the conservation rating of
Endangered Category (ENB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon ulaei can be recognized by: robust habit;
lanceolate, with ca. 50 nerved and 1 cm wide leaves, longer
than spathe, with spiral alternate arrangement; slit spathe
with laciniate apex; hemispherical to spherical capitula and
lanceolate, cream-colored floral bracts.
According to the protologue, E. ulaei was collected in
the state of Rio de Janeiro. The label of the type indicates
the date of collection (January 1889) but it does not mention the locality where the specimen was collected. In the
same period, Ule collected Acnistus ulaei Dammer (Ule
1010 RB) in the state of Santa Catarina. This information
indicates that the type of E. ulaei was collected in this state.
The occurrence of this species in the state of Rio de Janeiro
is unconfirmed as stated in the checklist of species from
Brazil (Giulietti et al. 2013).
Selected material: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, 27/II/1952,
fl., L. Smith & R. Reitz 5876 (R).
53. Eriocaulon weddellianum (Moldenke) A. Oliveira nom.
nov. et stat. nov.
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. longifolium Moldenke,
Phytologia 3: 417. 1951. Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Salina, s.d.,
Weddell 2138 (BR “photo !”).
This species occurs in the Cerrado (GO). It is amphibious, living in temporarily flooded locations. It was not found
in conservation units. Because this species has a small extent
of geographic occurrence (< 20,000 km2), with few locations
known, and it suffers an increasing of human pressure with
continuing decline of area of occupancy, the conservation
rating of Vunerable (VUB1) is proposed.
Eriocaulon weddellianum can be recognized by: incrassate leaves; brownish floral bracts with acuminate or aristate
apex and staminate flowers with ovate ventral petal, ca. 1
mm longer than the lateral petals.
In the protologue, Eriocaulon sellowianum var. longifolium was distinguished from the typical variety by membranaceous and longer leaves, but analyses of the type do
not corroborate this information. The leaves of Weddell’s
specimen (2138) are as incrassate as the typical variety. However, this variety has an exclusive and stable set of characters
states, justifying the elevation of this taxon to species rank.
Because the binomen Eriocaulon longifolium is preoccupied,
the specific epithet “weddellianum” was chosen in honor
of the collector of the type, Hugh Weddell (1819-1877†),
an Anglo-French botanist, physician, and explorer of the
Brazilian flora (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-1988).
Selected material: BRAZIL. Goiás: Cristalina, 23/
II/1998, fl., Proença et al. 1966 (UB).
187
Adriana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Petean Bove
Conclusion
References
We recognize 53 species of Eriocaulon from Brazil. We
propose the synonymization of eight species and five varieties: Eriocaulon candidum Moldenke has been considered
a synonym of E. modestum Kunth, E. cipoense Silveira a
synonym of E. aquatile Körn., E. damazianum Beauverd a
synonym of E. cinereum R. Br., E. paludicola Silveira a synonym of E. cabralense Silveira, E. rosulatum Körn. a synonym
of E. sellowianum Kunth, E. vaginatum Körn. a synonym
of E. ligulatum (Vell.) L. B. Smith, E. reitzii Moldenke a
synonym of E. magnificum, and E. singulare Moldenke
a synonym of E. magnum Abbiatti. Likewise, Eriocaulon
sellowianum var. minor Moldenke and E. sellowianum var.
paranense Moldenke do not show differences from their
respective autonyms. Eriocaulon magnificum var. goyazense
Moldenke also is considered a synonym of E. ligulatum,
E. gibbosum var. mattogrossense Ruhland a synonym of E.
alto-gibbosum Ruhland, and E. steyermarkii var. bahiense
Moldenke a synonym of E. modestum. We also propose the
elevation to species status of five taxa: Eriocaulon aquatile
var. latifolium Moldenke to E. multiscapum (Moldenke) A.
Oliveira, E. ligulatum var. dimerum Giul. & Miranda to E.
dimerum (Giul. & Miranda) A. Oliveira, E. gibbosum var.
longifolium Körn. to E. gardnerianum (Körn.) A. Oliveira, E.
sellowianum var. longifolium Moldenke to E. weddelianum
(Moldenke) A. Oliveira, and E. ulaei var. radiosa Ruhland
to E. radiosum (Ruhland) A. Oliveira.
Forty three species are endemic to Brazil. Four taxa also
occur in neighboring countries to the south, Argentina,
Paraguay, and/or Uruguay (Eriocaulon arechavaletae Herter,
Eriocaulon leptophyllum Kunth, Eriocaulon magnum, and
Eriocaulon sellowianum). Four species also occur to the
north in Colombia, Venezuela, and/or Guyana (Eriocaulon
guyanense, Eriocaulon humboldtii, Eriocaulon spruceanum,
and Eriocaulon tenuifolium). Only Eriocaulon cinereum and
Eriocaulon setaceum are more widely distributed, mainly in
tropical areas.
Despite our efforts to improve the taxonomy of Eriocaulon
from Brazil, we recognize that some problems could not
be completely resolved here. However, we think that most
of them have been clarified or identified as needing to be
addressed in the near future.
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gêneros de Eriocaulaceae. Acta Botanica Brasilica 4: 133-158.
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Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. http://
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1996. Estudos em sempre-vivas: taxonomia com ênfase nas espécies
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria BHCB,
CAL, CESJ, HUEFS, HUFU, INPA, UB, OUPR, P, R, RB, SP
and SPF. To Gustavo Gritz, Wilson Costa, Ricardo Moura
and Josele Paz for their help in the field. To Ana Maria
Giulietti, Paulo Takeo Sano and the anonymous reviewers,
for valuable suggestions on the manuscript. To Janet W.
Reid for the English revision. This study was supported by
grants from CAPES to A.L.R.O. and from CNPq to C.P.B.
(PROTAX 562251/2010-3).
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