New Zealand Journal of Botany ISSN: 0028-825X (Print) 1175-8643 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzb20 Fungi on pohutukawa and other Metrosideros species in New Zealand E. H. C. McKenzie , P. K. Buchanan & P. R. Johnston To cite this article: E. H. C. McKenzie , P. K. Buchanan & P. R. Johnston (1999) Fungi on pohutukawa and other Metrosideros species in New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 37:2, 335-354, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512637 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512637 Published online: 17 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1744 View related articles Citing articles: 6 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzb20 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37: 335-354 0028-825X/99/3702-0335 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 1999 335 Fungi on pohutukawa and other Metrosideros species in New Zealand E. H . C. M C K E N Z I E P. K. BUCHANAN P. R. JOHNSTON Herbarium PDD Landcare Research Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand Abstract An annotated list is presented of all fungi known to be associated with indigenous species of Metrosideros in New Zealand. This includes information on 209 species of fungi, with records taken from the literature, as well as unpublished information associated with specimens held in Herbarium PDD and in Herbarium NZFRI(M). There are relatively few primary pathogens or other fungi specifically associated with Metrosideros. Some secondary pathogens may play a role in dieback of Metrosideros spp., especially following possum browsing. Many wood-rotting basidiomycetes and other saprobes are included. A few endophytic fungi have been isolated from symptomless leaves. Some non-specific vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are listed, but mushroom-like fungi are rarely recorded as Metrosideros does not form endotrophic mycorrhizal associations. Keywords pathogens; Metrosideros saprobes; checklist; INTRODUCTION The genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) consists of 5060 species, which grow as shrubs, trees, or woody lianes. The genus occurs in South Africa, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, B98048 Received 27 July 1998; accepted 29 November 1998 and Polynesia. There are 12 endemic species and one endemic variety in New Zealand (Allan 1961; Connor & Edgar 1987). Some are an important and striking component of the flora including the well known New Zealand icon M. excelsa (pohutukawa or New Zealand Christmas tree), the strangling hemiepiphyte M. robusta (northern rata), and M. umbellata (southern rata). Most of the species have a restricted distribution. For example, M. kermadecensis grows naturally only in the Kermadec Islands, and M bartlettii, a tree which was not described until 1986, is found only in a restricted area in Northland. M. excelsa, which is typically a coastal plant, is found naturally in the Three Kings Islands and southwards to Poverty Bay and Urenui, although it is widely planted and reproduces further south. A few species have been introduced for ornamental purposes. BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS OF FUNGI REPORTED FROM METROSIDEROS Most of the fungi reported from Metrosideros spp. are saprobes, forming their fruiting bodies on dead leaf or woody tissue. Some of these fungi have been reported only from Metrosideros, and they may be host-specific. The widespread root-rotting pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi has been reported on Metrosideros, as have several fungi which cause leaf spots. One of these, an undescribed Leptomelanconium sp., is widespread and common on pohutukawa. Although levels of infection can be high on individual trees, its effect on plant vigour is not known. Rata and southern rata are being severely damaged by possums in some localities (Payton 1988; Cowan et al. 1997). Payton (1988) noted that once the canopy has been opened by possum browsing, dieback continues even with no further browsing. This dieback is likely to be caused in part by fungal pathogens. Situations such as this, with trees damaged and under stress, may allow fungi which are normally benign or which cause low amounts of disease to become serious pathogens. Possible 336 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 changes in the ecology and pathogenicity of natural fungal populations of Metrosideros spp. following possum damage have yet to be investigated. The lower surfaces of pohutukawa leaves often have a well developed tomentum of leaf hairs. This tomentum is typically heavily infected by several fungi, including Meliolina novae-zealandiae which develops large, black colonies on the underside of the . The undersides of these leaves are often grazed by fungal feeding mites. Although M. novaezealandiae is probably a mild pathogen, the biological relationship between these fungi, their host tree, and the mites and insects feeding on them has not been investigated. Fruit-bodies of typical ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi are not found associated with Metrosideros spp., although other genera within the family Myrtaceae (e.g., Eucalyptus, Kunzea, Leptosper- This survey of published and herbarium records of fungi on Metrosideros species in New Zealand was carried out to provide an account of the fungal biodiversity associated with Metrosideros, and to pin-point any potentially pathogenic relationships. All specimens held in PDD and NZFRI(M) are listed. Where there are published records of a fungus occurring on Metrosideros spp. in New Zealand, then details are given after a long dash (—) immediately following each species name and literature citation. New Zealand distribution is assigned to geographical areas as defined by Crosby et al. (1998). mum) are typically ectomycorrhizal. Except for This study lists 209 species of fungi which have been found associated with indigenous species of Metrosideros in New Zealand. Fungi have been recorded on all native species except M. carminea W.R.B.Oliv., M. colensoi Hook.f., and M. colensoi var. pendens (Colenso) Kirk. There are no records of fungi on introduced species. The fungi are listed under separate broad taxonomic groups following Hawksworth et al. (1995): Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Myxomycota, Oomycota, Zygomycota, and the Mitosporic Fungi. Within the Basidiomycota, separate lists are provided for Agaricales, Aphyllophorales, and Auriculariales. Lichenised fungi are not included. Herbarium abbreviations follow Holmgren et al. (1990). The Metrosideros species are abbreviated as follows: MAL=Metrosideros albiflora Sol. ex Gaertn.; MBA = M bartlettii J.W.Dawson; MDI = M diffusa (Forst.f.) Smith; MEX = M excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn.; MFU = M. fulgens Sol. ex Gaertn.; MKE = M kermadecensis W.R.B.Oliv.; MPA = M parkinsonii Buchanan; MPE = M. perforata (Forst & G.Forst.) A.Rich.; MRO = M. robusta A.Cunn.; MSP = Metrosideros sp.; MUM = M umbellata Cay. Nothofagus and Leptospermum/Kunzea communities, most vascular plants in New Zealand presumably contain vesicular-arbuscular Endogonaceae as the only important mycorrhizal symbionts. These mycorrhizae are seldom host specific. The mycorrhizal status of Metrosideros in New Zealand has been investigated only for M. umbellata, which forms mycorrhizae with various Endogonaceae including Acaulospora laevis, Glomus pallidus, G. cf. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus, and a "fine endophyte" (Hall 1977). Wardle (1971) noted mycorrhizal roots in plants of M umbellata growing in sand at Omihi, North Canterbury. As with all other plants investigated, apparently healthy, symptomless leaves of pohutukawa and other Metrosideros species contain endophytic fungi at high frequencies (P. R. Johnston unpubl. data). In pohutukawa, the endophytes associated with the upper surface of the leaves are distinct from those associated with the lower surface. Most of the fungi isolated from the lower surface are generalists, commonly isolated as endophytes from a range of other host species, as well as being common on dead and dying plant tissue and bark. Isolations from the upper surface are dominated by two species of undetermined fungi which may be specific to pohutukawa. They are possibly members of the ascomycete family Sclerotiniaceae, perhaps two of the cup-fungi which have been reported fruiting on fallen leaves of pohutukawa. Isolations of leaf endophytes from M. scandens revealed a different set of species to those found on pohutukawa; a Colletotrichum sp. and a Cryptosporiopsis sp. are the two fungi most frequently isolated. FUNGI RECORDED ON SPP. IN NEW ZEALAND S ASCOMYCOTA Acrogenotheca elegans (L.R.Fraser) Cif. & Bat., Saccardoa 2: 52, 1963. — Hughes 1967. MDI. A sooty mould common on many hosts in New Zealand. (Taupo: PDD 21036.) Asterina sub libera Berk., in Hook. f., Fl. Nov.-Zel. 2: 208, 1855. — Berkeley 1855. McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros MDI. On leaves. Bisporella citrina (Batsch) Korf & S.E.Carp., Mycotaxon 1: 58, 1974. MRO. A saprobe, common on fallen twigs and wood of many plants. (Coromandel: PDD 21864; Westland: PDD 19396.) Bisporella claroflava (Grey.) Lizon & Korf, Mycotaxon 54: 474, 1995. MSP. Common on many hosts, especially in the north of the country. A saprobe on fallen wood and palm fronds. Often associated with a Bloxamia anamorph. (Wanganui: PDD 46157.) Bisporella sp. MEX. On fallen leaves. Known from a single collection, it is distinct from the common and widespread species B. claroflava and B. citrina. (Coromandel: PDD 56854.) Botryosphaeria sp. MSP. Associated with a leaf edge necrosis. (Hawke's Bay: NZFRI(M) 3647.) Calyculosphaeria sp. MEX. Large, dark ascomata forming in fissures on bark. (Auckland: PDD 57080.) Chaetosphaeria novae-zelandiae S.Hughes & Shoemaker, New ZealandJ. Bot. 3: 138,1965. — Hughes 1965a. MRO. Common on dead wood of many plants throughout the country; associated with a Catenularia anamorph. (Auckland: PDD 21603 (type)) Chaetosphaeria sp. MRO. A saprobe on decorticated wood. (Auckland: PDD 23011.) Chaetothyrium strigosum L.R.Fraser, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 60: 288, 1935. MUM. A saprobe on decorticated wood. (Coromandel: PDD 18478.) Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Nyl.) Kan. ex C.S.Ramamurthi, Korf & L.R.Batra, Mycologia 49: 858, 1958. MRO. A saprobe with ascomata developing on decorticated wood which the fungus stains green. Common on a range of hosts from Taupo southwards. (Westland: PDD 14352.) Coccomyces globosus P.R.Johnst., New Zealand J. Bot. 24: 99, 1986. — Johnston 1986, 1992. MFU, MRO, MUM. Common on fallen leaves of M fulgens and M umbellata, rare on M. robusta. In New Zealand this species is common also on fallen leaves of Weinmannia and Nestegis spp. Known also 337 in Australia. (Auckland: PDD 43034, 44646; Coromandel: PDD 45360, 45361; Nelson: PDD 57125; Westland: PDD 57572; Southland: PDD 57540.) Coccomyces limitatus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 747, 1889. — Johnston 1986, 1992. MFU, MKE. Widespread and common on fallen leaves of many trees throughout the northern half of New Zealand. Known also from Australia, tropical Asia, and Central America. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54665; Auckland: PDD 45196; Coromandel: PDD 45362, 46176.) Coccomyces radiatus Sherwood, Occas. Pap. Farlow Herb. Cryptog. Bot. 15: 84, 1980. — Johnston 1986, 1992. MFU. Widespread and common on fallen leaves of many trees throughout the northern half of New Zealand. Also known from Australia, tropical Asia, and Central America. (Coromandel: PDD 45363.) Cryphonectria radicalis (Schwein.) M.E.Barr, Mycol. Mem. 7: 144, 1978. MEX. Saprobic on several hardwood trees in Europe, North America, and Japan. Several collections are deposited in PDD as this species, on wood and roots of M excelsa, and from dead and living roots of other host trees. The morphologically similar Endothia metrosideri (Roane & Fosberg) M.E.Barr, associated with recently dead M. polymorpha trees in Hawaii, is a different fungus. (Auckland: PDD 5166, 28479; Coromandel: PDD 5141; Stewart Island: PDD 28480, 28481.) Cudoniella acicularis (Bull.) J.Schr6t., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3: 21, 1893. MSP. A saprobe on decorticated wood. Several specimens in PDD on other hosts are referred to Cudoniella sp.; the genus remains to be treated in detail for New Zealand. (Auckland: PDD 28551.) Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. Crittogam. Ital. Milan 1: 197,1863. — McKenzie 1992. MEX, MKE. Forms large, black fruiting bodies (cramp balls) on fallen wood of many trees in New Zealand. Cosmopolitan in distribution. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54733; Northland: PDD 28779.) Diatrype princeps Penz. & Sacc.,Malpighia 11:501, 1897. MEX. On bark of fallen branches. Originally described from Java, this species has been also reported from Metrosideros in Hawaii (Stevens 1925). (Auckland: PDD 28718,28719; Coromandel: PDD 28478, 28717.) 338 Dothiorella sp. — Hosking & Hutcheson 1993. MEX. Associated with a wilting of newly expanding shoots. Most wilting was because of damage by larvae of the weevil Neomycta rubida Broun and the tortricid moth Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker). However, isolations made from shoots in which the wilt was not immediately attributable to insect damage consistently yielded the fungus. Shoot wilt may contribute to the decline of specific, very old trees which are also under severe pressure from possums. Euantennaria caulicola S.Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 12: 324, 1974. — Hughes 1974. MFU. A sooty mould common on a wide range of plants throughout New Zealand. Also known from Australia and Chile. Euantennaria novae-zelandiae S.Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 12:313, 1974. MSP. A sooty mould found on a wide range of plants throughout New Zealand. (Westland: PDD 24553.) Hymenoscyphus sp. — McKenzie 1992. MEX, MKE. Small, yellow discomycete found on fallen leaves and flower parts. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54668; Auckland: PDD 65058; Coromandel : PDD 63195.) Other Hymenscyphus spp. have been found on fallen leaves of M. umbellata, each collection appearing to represent a distinct species. (Westland: PDD 50162; Mid Canterbury: PDD 64861, 64863.) Hypocrea coprosma Dingley, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 328, 1952. MUM, MRO. A saprobe, found throughout New Zealand on fallen wood of a wide range of plants. (Auckland: PDD 14688, 14689.) Hypoxylon archeri Berk., in Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 280, 1859. MEX, MUM, MRO. Forming fruiting bodies on wood and bark of many trees throughout New Zealand. Originally described from Tasmania; Miller (1961) reports the same species from tropical America. (Northland: PDD 16210; Auckland: PDD 16209, 20814; Westland: PDD 16211; Stewart Island: PDD 16212.) Hypoxylon truncatum (Schwein.) J.H.Mill., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 17: 130, 1932. MEX, MRO. Many specimens have been filed under this name in PDD, from a wide range of hosts from throughout the North Island. The New Zealand specimens need re-assessing following Ju & Rogers (1996), who treated H. truncatum in a more narrow sense than Miller (1961). (Northland: PDD 26047, PDD 40949; Auckland: PDD 23576, 234579.) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 Hysterium sp. MEX. A saprobe on bark of fallen branch and decorticated wood. (Northland: PDD 46718; Coromandel: PDD 45383, 46767.) Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffin.) P.Martin, J. S. African Bot. 36: 80, 1970. MSP. Rogers et al. (1998) noted that K deusta is distributed mainly in north temperate regions. New Zealand specimens attributed to this species have not been critically evaluated. (Buller: PDD 50095.) Lanzia berggrenii var. metrosideri (Dennis) Spooner, Biblioth. Mycologica 116: 377, 1987. — Dennis 1961 as Helotium metrosideri, 1964 as Hymenoscyphus metrosideri; Spooner 1987. MFU, MRO, MUM. A discomycete common throughout the country on fallen leaves of M.fulgens and M umbellata, with a single collection on M robusta. (Northland: PDD 42063,60160; Auckland: PDD 19040, 19379, 32700; Coromandel: PDD 46259; Taranaki: PDD 50156; Wanganui: PDD 45598; Wellington: PDD 68704; Nelson: PDD 55500, 58101, 68702; Buller: PDD 64820, 68701; Westland: PDD 57560; Marlborough Sounds: PDD 68703; Mid Canterbury: PDD 64860; Stewart Island: PDD 57534, 57697.) Lanzia sp. MEX. A large, red discomycete on fallen leaves; distinct from L. berggrenii var. metrosideri. Macroscopically similar discomycetes occur on fallen leaves of two other trees, Griselinia lucida and Coprosma sp., but the species on each host are microscopically distinct. (Northland: PDD 54113; Auckland: PDD 65059, 66899; Coromandel: PDD 63187, 65041; Westland: PDD 57536.) Lasiosphaeria depilata Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. Nachtr. 2: 27, 1873. — Rossman 1977. MRO. Lasiosphaeria spp. are common throughout New Zealand on fallen wood of many trees. The genus has not been treated critically for New Zealand, and most collections in PDD are unidentified to the species level. (Auckland: PDD 39504.) Lasiosphaeria raciborskii (Penz. & Sacc.) G.C.Carroll & Munk, Mycologia 56: 91, 1964. MRO. See notes under L. depilata. (Waikato: PDD 47542.) Lophiostoma sp. MRO. A saprobe on fallen bark. (Waikato: PDD 47541.) Lophodermium agathidis Minter & Hettige, New Zealand J. Bot. 21: 39, 1983. — Johnston 1989, 1992. McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros 339 MEX, MFU, MRO, MUM. Commonly found on this macroscopically and biologically similar fungus fallen leaves of M. fulgens and M umbellata, rarely is distinguished by its slightly larger ascospores. The on M. excelsa and M. robusta. Also known from the report of this species on M umbellata (Brien & leaves of other woody plants in New Zealand, Aus- Dingley 1959; Hughes 1993, PDD 18495) is based tralia, tropical America, and tropical Asia. (Auck- on a misidentified host. This fungus has also been land: PDD 43035, 43064, 43256, 43261, 43275, recorded in Hawaii on M. collina (Goos & Anderson 45556, 45558, 46645, 49372; Coromandel: PDD 1972) and on M. collina ssp. polymorpha (Raabe et 46177, 46377, 46893, 49371, 55279, 55386; al. 1981). (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54799; Waikato: PDD 49373; Wanganui: PDD 48168; Northland: PDD 26067, 28427, 28428; Auckland: Buller: PDD 49374; Westland: PDD 57573.) PDD 12088 (type), 26005, 26080, 28580, 40707, Lophodermium brunneolum P.R.Johnst., New Zea- 63866, 66898, 68428; Coromandel: PDD 18482, 18495; Bay of Plenty: PDD 62603.) land J. Bot. 27: 251, 1989. MUM. L. brunneolum was reported as common on Metacapnodium fraserae (S.Hughes) S.Hughes, fallen leaves of Dracophyllum spp. and Knightia Mycologia 68: 782, 1976. excelsa by Johnston (1989), however, as noted by MEX. A sooty mould found on bark, presumably in Johnston (1994), collections on these two species association with a scale insect. M. fraserae is known differ slightly in ascospore morphology, and prob- from a wide range of hosts, most commonly from ably represent distinct species. The single, small the North Island. (Auckland: PDD 41452.) collection known from M. umbellata leaves has Mycosphaerella metrosideri F.Stevens & ascospores matching those of the form found on K. P.A.Young, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bul. 19: 104, excelsa. (Westland: PDD 57541.) 1925. Lophodermium mahuianum P.R.Johnst., New Zea- MEX. Causing distinct, round spots on the upper leaf land J. Bot. 27: 259, 1989. — Johnston 1992. surface, pale in the centre with a broad, red-brown, MUM. This widepsread species is found on fallen slightly raised margin. Small black perithecia beleaves of many plants throughout the country. Also come erumpent in groups of four or five across the widespread in Australia, this fungus was originally central part of the spot. First described from M. described from Tasmanian material under the nam polymorpha from Hawaii. (Auckland: PDD 24762, Colpoma eucalypti Rodway. The placing of L. 24763, 28099, 67041.) mahuianum in synonymy with a recombined Colpoma eucalypti has been proposed (Johnston in Nectria aureofulva Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 7: 8, 1878. press). (Nelson: PDD 55273.) MSP. A saprobe found on the dead tissue of many Lophodermium minus (Tehon) P.R.Johnst., Sydowia plants throughout the country. (Westland: PDD 41: 174, 1989. — Johnston 1989 as L. multi- 50050.) matricum, 1992. MFU, MRO, MSP. Common on fallen leaves of Nectria cf. flavo-viridis (Fuckel) Wollenw., many plants throughout the country. (Auckland: Sonderabdruck aus Angewandte Botanik 8: 186, PDD 40011, 43257, 43260, 43263, 66410; Nelson: 1926. MRO. A saprobe on bark. (Auckland: PDD 41444.) PDD 57126; Buller: PDD 46143.) Meliolina metrosideri S.Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 166: Nectria grammicosporopsis Samuels, Brittonia 40: 318, 1988. — Samuels 1988. 104, 1993. —Hughes 1993. MSP. A saprobe found on bark of fallen branches MUM. A mild pathogen, causing circular, sooty of several woody plants. Known only from New blotches on the upper leaf surface. (Westland: PDD Zealand. Associated with a Clonostachys anamorph. 17250 (type), 68425.) (Westland: PDD 50054.) Meliolina novae-zealandiae Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Nectria illudens Berk., in Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel. 2: New South Wales 79: 99, 1954. — Hansford 1954; 203, 1855. — Samuels & Brayford 1994. Hughes 1993. MSP. A saprobe found on fallen wood of many speMEX, MKE, MRO. Causes large sooty blotches on the undersides of leaves. The fungus enters the leaves cies. Common in the North Island but with few through stomata; hyphae grow intercellularly records from the South Island. (Westland: PDD through the host tissue, but little damage appears to 50049). be caused to the leaf. McKenzie ( 1992) reported the Nectria lucida Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. collection on M kermadecensis as M sydowiana, but Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 118: 298,1909. 340 MSP. Found fruiting on the bark of trees, N. lucida is a species complex widespread in the tropics (Samuels et al. 1990). The specimen on Metrosideros sp. is annotated by G. J. Samuels as having unusually large ascospores. (Southland: PDD 50037.) Nectria radicicola var. coprosmae (Dingley) Samuels & Brayford, Mycol. Res. 94:438,1990. — Samuels & Brayford 1990. MSP. On bark, known from a wide range of woody plants from New Zealand. (Westland: PDD 47767.) Nectria westlandica Dingley, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 79: 201, 1951. MRO. A saprobe found on many plants throughout the country. (Auckland: PDD 41421.) Nitschkia acanthostroma (Mont.) Nannf., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 69: 58, 1975. MRO. Several specimens associated withHypoxylon stromata have been filed under this name in PDD. (Auckland: PDD 21964.) Phacidium sp. MSP. A saprobe on fallen leaves, associated with a Ceuthospora anamorph. (Taranaki: PDD 43824.) Plectania platensis (Speg.) Rifai, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., TweedeSect. 57(3): 29, 1968. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A black cup fungus saprobic on dead wood. The fungus has been recorded from South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia, but previously always on Eucalyptus spp. It is distinguished from the widespread and common P. rhytida by its smaller ascospores. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54737.) Plectania rhytida (Berk.) Nannf. & Korf, in Korf, Mycologia 49: 110, 1957.—Rifai 1968. MEX. Common on litter and fallen wood in th North Island of New Zealand, this species is also known from tropical Asia and Madagascar. Poculum sp. MRO. A pale yellow discomycete associated with stromatic zone lines on fallen leaves. Macroscopically similar to the widespread tropical species Poculum crocatum (Mont.) Dumont and Dicephalospora rufocornea (Berk. & Broome) Spooner, this collection appears to be distinct microscopically, based on descriptions provided by Spooner (1987). (Northland: PDD 63501.) Propolis emarginata (Cooke & Massee) Sherwood, Mycotaxon 5: 323, 1977. — Johnston 1986; McKenzie 1992. MEX, MFU, MKE, MRO, MSP. An immersed discomycete forming fruiting bodies on fallen leaves. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 Common on Eucalyptus leaves in Australia and North and South America, in New Zealand this species is known only from Metrosideros. It is common on M. excelsa, M kermadecensis, and M. robusta, rare on the other species. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54664, 54666; Northland: PDD 48163, 53849, 54117; Auckland: PDD 43951, 43952, 43953, 43954, 43955, 43958, 49151; Coromandel: PDD 40728,45364,46194,46775,48768,55293,55341, 55344; Taranaki: PDD 43957; Wanganui: PDD 45587; Wellington: PDD 67458; Nelson: PDD 43956, 57159; Buller: PDD 46961.) Rosellinia sp. MRO. Common as a saprobe on fallen wood throughout the country, Rosellinia remains to be studied critically for New Zealand. (Coromandel: PDD 21817.) Scorias spongiosa (Schwein) Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 291, 1832. —Oliver 1911. MKE. Sooty mould. A tropical and subtropical species known in New Zealand only from Kermadec Islands. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 16759.) Scutellinia colensoi (Massee) Le Gal ex Rifai, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 57(3): 116, 1968. MRO. Common on litter of many plants throughout the country. Known also from Australia and Madagascar (Rifai 1968). (Auckland: PDD 28508.) Scutellinia totaranuiensis J.Moravec, Mycotaxon 58: 233, 1996. — Moravec 1996. MSP. Found on moist clay-sand soil on a path through a seaside forest of Metrosideros sp. (Nelson: BRNM (type)) Sorokina sp. MEX. Common as a saprobe on bark and fallen wood of many hosts throughout the country, this genus remains unstudied for New Zealand. (Coromandel: PDD 45384.) Torrendiella sp. — Spooner 1987; McKenzie 1992 as T eucalypti (Berk.) Spooner. MEX, MFU, MKE, MRO, MSP, MUM. Discomycetes with black setae on the receptacle, Torrendiella spp. are common on fallen leaves of many plants throughout New Zealand. All leaf-inhabiting collections from New Zealand and Australia were treated by Spooner (1987) as T. eucalypti, however, the genus is much more diverse than this in Australasia, with many morphologically and culturally distinct, host-specific forms recognisable. Although still to be treated critically, the Metrosideros-inhabiting species from New Zealand McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros are macroscopically more robust than the Acaciainhabiting T. eucalypti, and they also differ microscopically and in culture. Torrendiella spp. have been reported as leaf endophytes of Eucalyptus spp. (Cabral 1985 as Zoellneria eucalypti) and Kunzea ericoides (Johnston 1998), and these fungi will probably be found also associated with green leaves of Metrosideros spp. in New Zealand. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54660, 54667; Auckland: PDD 43948, 62636; Coromandel: PDD 49783, 49784, 49785, 54786, 55342; Wellington: PDD 68711; Nelson: PDD 55502, 64253, 66352; Buller: PDD 64244; Marlborough Sounds: PDD 68710; Mid Canterbury: PDD 64926; Southland: PDD 57722.) 34 a major cause of death of Pinus radiata in New Zealand. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54731.) Collopus subviscosus (G.Stev) E.Horak, New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 456, 1971. MEX. Fruit-body a pale greyish fawn, fragile mushroom, 3-6 cm high with a viscid, hemispherical cap 5-10 mm diam. Fruiting singly or in groups on standing or fallen timber. (Auckland: PDD 28329.) Gymnopilus junonius (Fr.) P.D.Orton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43: 176, 1960. MEX. Mushrooms golden tawny, 5-12 cm tall, with an expanded cap 5-15 cm diam., found in dense clusters at the base of trees or on stumps or logs. Commonly found on exotic trees in the Auckland Trichopeltheca asiatica Bat., C.A.A.Costa & Cif., region. (Auckland: PDD 66266.) Pub/. Inst. Mycol. Univers. Recife 90: 13, 1957. — Mycenaparsonsii G.Stev., Kew Bull. 16: 56, 1964. Hughes 1965b. — Segedin 1991. MAL, MFU. A sooty mould very common throughMEX. Mushrooms pinkish fawn or darker reddish out New Zealand, and also known from Australia brown, drying vinaceous grey brown, 0.5-5 cm tall, and Chile. with a broadly conic or convex cap 0.2-2 cm diam., Tubeufia helicoma (W.Phillips & Plowr.) Piroz., gregarious and caespitose on dead wood, especially Mycol. Pap. 129: 30, 1972. —McKenzie 1992. that of Kunzea ericoides, Leptospermum scoparium, anamorph Helicosporium pannosum (Berk. & M.A. and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. (Auckland: PDD Curtis) R.T. Moore, Mycologia 49: 582, 1957. 29277.) MKE. A saprobe on fallen leaves. Occurs throughout New Zealand on dead wood and leaves. Mycena veronicae G.Stev., Kew Bull. 19: 55,1964. MEX. Mushrooms pale olive fawn to whitish with (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54770, 54771.) a fawn tint, fragile, 1-2 cm tall, with a hemispheric to planoconvex cap 3-15 mm diam., on fallen wood. (Auckland: PDD 29309.) BASIDIOMYCOTA Neohygrocybe innata E.Horak, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 43: 126, 1973. — Horak 1973. AGARICALES MUM. Mushrooms light brown, 3-6 cm tall with a Anthracophyllum archeri (Berk.) Pegler, Austral. J. planoconvex or expanded cap 2-4.5 cm diam., growBot. 13: 324, 1965. —Segedin 1994. ing amongst litter of Metrosideros umbellata, MBA. Mushrooms gregarious to caespitose on fallen Dacrydium cupressinum, etc. (Westland: PDD twigs of various trees in indigenous forest. Recorded 27076 (type)) only from the North Island. (Auckland: PDD 60845.) Panellus pusillus (Pers. Ex Lev.) Burds. & Armillaria limonea (G.Stev) Boesew., New Zealand O.K.Mill., Beih. Nova Hedwigia 51: 85, 1975. — J. Agric. Res. 20: 585, 1977. — MacKenzie & Shaw Oliver 1911 as Favolus rhipidium (Berk.) Cooke; 1977. Cunningham 1965 as Dictyopanus rhipidium (Berk.) MRO. This indigenous, pathogenic species is a Pat.; McKenzie 1992. major cause of death of Pinus radiata in New Zea- MKE. Polypore bracket fungus with white, cream, land. The fungus was found sporulating on a rata or pale yellow basidiocarps 3-8 mm wide to 1.5 mm stump on the Mamaku Plateau. thick. On dead wood, associated with a white rot. In Armillaria ?novae-zelandiae (G.Stev.) Herink, mainland New Zealand known only in Northland. Sympozium o Vaclavice Obecne Armillaria mellea: Although with a polypore appearance, the species is considered to belong amongst the agaric mushrooms 43, 1973. —McKenzie 1992. MKE. This indigenous, pathogenic species is wide- of the Tricholomataceae. (Kermadec Islands: PDD spread in New Zealand on many woody hosts. It is 17288, 39249, 55029, 55045.) 342 APHYLLOPHORALES Aleurodiscus mirabilis (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Mss., Math.-Natuwiss. CI., Abt. 1, 118: 818, 1909. — Cunningham 1963. MRO, MSP. A saprobe forming white to cream crusts on bark of dead branches, beginning as small separate basidiocarps; these later grow together to form linear areas with crevices evident at the junction between adjacent basidiocarps. (Auckland: PDD 4192; Coromandel: PDD 14661.) Aleurodiscus sp. MEX. Members of this genus form broadly cupshaped or dish-shaped basidiocarps, sometimes adjacent ones coalescing, growing saprobically on dead branches. (Coromandel: PDD 56729.) Aleurodiscus zealandicus (Cooke & W.Phillips) G.Cunn., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 77:298, 1953. — Cunningham 1963. MEX, MUM. Basidiocarps dish-shaped, waxy, 2 7 mm diam., salmon pink, scattered on bark of dead branches, presumably saprobic. (Auckland: PDD 4516; Coromandel: PDD 16883, 24765; Westland: PDD 14670.) Antrodia vaillantii (DC.: Fr.) Ryvarden, Norweg. J. Bot. 20: 8, 1973. MRO. This saprobe causes a brown wood rot of fallen branches and trunks as well as worked timber. Basidiocarps are thin, fragile, white, poroid crusts, typically 4-6 x 3–4 cm across, 2-3 mm thick. (Taranaki: PDD 5980.) Antrodiella hunua (G.Cunn.) Ryvarden, Prelim. Polypore Fl. E. Africa: 257, 1980. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria hunua G.Cunn. MRO. A saprobic polypore forming white to cream or pale yellow, crust-like basidiocarps, measuring about 8-15 x 4-8 cm, on decorticated decayed fallen branches and trunks. Wood rot white. (Auckland: PDD 6480, 6697.) Antrodiella rata (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 31: 25,1988. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria rata G.Cunn. MRO. Basidiocarps are perennial crusts, to 8 cm across and 25 mm thick, with each successive layer of tubes receding and separated by a black line. Pores are light brown and tiny with a resinous appearance. Saprobic and causing a white rot on decorticated and decayed fallen branches. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 7753; Rangitikei: PDD 3868.) Antrodiella romellii (Donk) Niemela, Karstenia 22: 11, 1982. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria byssina (Pers.) Romell. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 MEX. Basidiocarps are white, 2-2.5 mm thick crusts on bark and decorticated fallen branches and trunks of several native hosts, associated with a white rot. (Coromandel: PDD 5308.) Antrodiella sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. This record is based on a single collection containing a somewhat deformed, yellow-brown, poroid basidiocarp, 3.5 cm across, with a reflexed portion weakly concentrically zonate (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59469.) Antrodiella sp. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria undata (Pers.) Que., sensu G.Cunn. MRO. Basidiocarps are perennial, white or cream crusts with tiny resinous pores. On drying they become firm and cartilaginous. Associated with a white pocket wood rot of fallen branches. Poria undata sensu G.Cunn. is not conspecific with Rigidoporus undatus (Pers.) Donk. (Northland: PDD 6521,6629; Auckland: PDD 6719; Taranaki: PDD 6005.) Antrodiella zonata (Berk.) Ryvarden, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 28: 228, 1992. — Cunningham 1965 as Irpex zonatus Berk. MEX, MRO. Basidiocarps arepileate, 1-3 cm wide, ochraceous to bay and concentrically zoned on the upper surface, poroid to toothed on the underside, on bark or decorticated wood of fallen branches. The fungus is a saprobe, causing a white rot on several native hosts. (Auckland: PDD 17661; Coromandel: PDD 17534.) Asterostroma persimileWakef., Bull. Misc. Inform.: 372, 1915. — Cunningham 1963. MRO. Occurring on bark or decorticated wood of dead branches, forming loosely attached, thin, tan to ochre crusts, to 10 x 6 cm. Delicately pruinose when fertile due to projecting sterile elements. (Auckland: PDD 15393.) Athelia scutellaris (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb., Fungi that Decay Ponderosa Pine: 42, 1974. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium scutellare Berk. & M.A.Curtis. MFU. Causing a saprobic white rot of dead branches and stems, and fruiting to produce a thin, cream to pale buff crust, to 10x3 cm, which becomes finely creviced. Common on a broad range of hosts. (Westland: PDD 13750.) Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Hohn. & Litsch.) Donk, Meded. Ned. Mycol. Ver. 18-20: 117, 1931. — Cunningham 1963 as Pellicularia subcoronata (Hohn. & Litsch.) Rogers. MRO, MSP. Basidiocarps of Botryobasidium resemble moulds, with very thin and sparse development. B. subcoronatum has a cream to pale ochre McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros basidiocarp with minute tufts of basidia and associated hyphal elements, covering areas to 20 x 5 cm. (Auckland: PDD 12445, 16967.) Botryobasidium vagum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) D.P.Rogers, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 17: 17, 1935. — Cunningham 1963 as Pellicularia vaga (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) D.P.Rogers. MEX. The fruit-body consists of a thin, cream or pale ochre film, to 20 x 4 cm, easily separable from the substrate. It occurs on bark or decorticated woocrustond of several native hosts. (Auckland: PDD 17041.) Ceraceomyces cerebrosus (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan, New Zealand J. Bot. 29: 333, 1991.— Cunningham 1963 as Peniophora cerebrosa G.Cunn. MRO, MUM. Forming basidiocarps of thin, creviced, cream to ochre, somewhat chalky crusts on dead branches. Annual or perennial, and covering irregular areas to 20 x 7 cm. Saprobic on a broad range of hosts. (Auckland: PDD 11274; Southland: PDD 17490.) Ceraceomyces variicolor (G.Cunn.) Stalpers, New Zealand J. Bot. 23: 310,1985. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium variicolor G.Cunn. MFU. The basidiocarp is a thin crust to 20 x 5 cm with scattered outlying islands. As the name suggests, colour varies considerably from cream to bright yellow, salmon pink, and yellowish green, or sometimes brick red where chewed by insects. (Westland: PDD 15425.) Ceriporiopsis loweiRajchenb., Nordic J. Bot. 7: 564, 1987. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria hyalina (Berk.) Cooke. MEX. This polypore fruits on decayed fallen branches and trunks of several hardwood hosts, associated with a white rot. The fruit-body is a white to honey yellow membranous crust with pores appearing glassy. (Auckland: PDD 6733; Coromandel: PDD 5994.) Columnodontia columellifera (G.Cunn.) Julich, Persoonia 10: 327, 1979. — Cunningham 1959 as Odontia columellifera G.Cunn. MEX. A saprobe forming pale tan to pale brown effused basidiocarps with crowded, short spines, on bark and decorticated wood of dead branches and stems of various native hosts. (Auckland: PDD 18100.) Columnodontia lutea (G.Cunn.) Julich, Persoonia 10: 327, 1979. — Cunningham 1959 as Odontia lutea G.Cunn. MRO. Basidiocarps are thin, waxy, golden yellow 343 crusts, mostly to 10 x 3 cm, sometimes to 30 x 10 cm, bearing short dome-shaped spines. Invertebrates readily consume the hymenial layer. Saprobic on fallen branches and trunks of several hosts. (Northland: PDD 17930; Bay of Plenty: PDD 17926.) Coniophora arida var. suffocata (Peck) Ginns, Opera Bot. 61:24, 1982. MEX. Forming a thin membranous, yellow-brown crust on dead branches, and causing a brown rot. (Hawke's Bay: NZFRI(M) 3789.) Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat., Essai Tax. Hymenomyc.: 98, 1900. — Cunningham 1948a as Inonotus tabacinus (Mont.) P.Karst., 1965 as I. tabacinus; Gilmour 1966 as I. tabacinus. MEX, MRO, MSP. This common, cosmopolitan polypore is a saprobe, causing a white rot, on bark or decorticated wood of dead upright trunks and stumps. It produces annual to biennial bracket basidiocarps, 1-8 cm wide, 1-5 cm radius, and 0.52 mm thick. The upper surface is brown, silky, and shining with concentric sulcate bands. (Auckland: PDD 6072, 6450, 28442; Coromandel: PDD 4416, 5021, 6079, 6080; Bay of Plenty: PDD 52409, 52449.) Dendrothele corniculata (G.Cunn.) Stalpers, New Zealand J. Bot. 23: 304,1985. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium corniculatum G.Cunn. MRO, MSP. A saprobe causing decay of dead branches of several host species. Basidiocarps are annual to biennial, thin, chalky, white to cream crusts, creviced and with diffuse margins. (Northland: PDD 14147; Coromandel: PDD 13693; Westland: PDD 12602, 13758, 13801.) Elmerina sp. MUM. Forming fan-shaped pilei with the lower surface bearing a combination of wavy thin lamellae and irregular pores. White when fresh and then somewhat fleshy, drying to reddish brown and resinous-hard. On dead wood. (Auckland Islands: PDD 63494.) Epithele sp. MUM. Forming a very thin, white to pale coloured membranous crust, characterised by tiny upright fascicles of hyphae. Saprobic on decorticated wood. (Bay of Plenty: NZFRI(M) 2035.) Ganoderma cf. applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 5: 67, 1889. — Cunningham 1948b as Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Gillet, F. mastoporus (Lev.) Cooke, F. mastoporus f. rugosus G.Cunn., and Ganoderma mastoporum (Lev.) Pat., 1965 as 344 Elfvingia applanata (Pers. ex Walk.) P.Karst. and E. mastopora (Lev.) Imazeki; Gilmour 1966 as F. applanatus and F. mastoporus. MKE, MRO. Polypore bracket fungus. Associated with a white heart rot of living trees. Large fruitbodies up to 16 cm diam. and 6 cm thick on dead standing and fallen trunks. Widespread and common in New Zealand on many woody hosts. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59463,59464; Auckland: PDD 5064; Bay of Plenty: NZFRI(M) 1191; Wanganui: PDD 5054, 5055; Wellington: PDD 2133, 2136.) Gloeocystidiellum corrosum (G.Cunn.) Stalpers, New Zealand J. Bot. 23: 304,1985. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium corrosum G.Cunn. MPE, MRO. Forming smooth, waxy, thin, cream to pale yellow crusts, to 30 x 6 cm, which are readily eaten by invertebrates. Saprobic on decorticated wood of several hosts. (Auckland: PDD 13783; Bay of Plenty: PDD 4786; Rangitikei: PDD 12720; Southland: PDD 12946.) Gloeocystidiellum porosum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Donk, Meded. Ned. Mycol. Ver. 18-20: 156, 1931. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium fistulatum G.Cunn. MEX. Growing as thin, adherent, white to pale yellow linear areas on bark or decorticated dead wood, to 30 x 3 cm, or irregular areas with outlying islands, presumably saprobic. New Zealand material has also been treated as Gloeocystidiellum fistulatum (G.Cunn.) Boidin. (Coromandel: PDD 5037,5135.) Gloeoporus phlebophorus (Berk.) G.Cunn., New ZealandDept. Sci. Indust. Res. Bull. 164: 110,1965. MUM. A saprobic polypore bracket fungus causing a white rot of several hosts. Basidiocarps are small (to 3.5 cm across), brilliant white both on upper pileus surface and on lower pore surface, and attached by a narrow base. Fruiting annually and often in groups. (Stewart Island: PDD 53434.) Grandinia australis Berk., in Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 257, 1859. MEX. Forming resupinate, cream to pale yellow, tuberculate fruit-bodies, associated with a white rot, on bark and decorticated wood of several angiosperm hosts. (Auckland: PDD 23702.) Grandinia sp. MRO. An undetermined white rot, corticioid fungus, forming a diffuse, ochre coloured, thin crust with tiny warts, on fallen wood of several hosts. (Northland: PDD 23686; Auckland: PDD 23673.) Grifola sp. — Hood 1992. MRO, MUM, MSP. A saprobic polypore forming a New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 large (to 35 cm across), fleshy, multilobed basidiocarp, white when fresh and smelling strongly of almond. Pores are large. The almond smell has also been noted in decay of Metrosideros robusta (Hood 1992) and in M. umbellata (S. Courtney pers. comm.), and from cultures of the fungus. The species appears to be related to Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) Gray. (Waikato: PDD 62521.) Hericium clathroides (Fr.) Pers.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 409, 1821. — Cunningham 1958. MRO. The highly conspicuous basidiocarps consist of a lateral root-like base from which multiple branches develop, clothed in white elongate spines (to 9 mm long) which typically hang downwards. The fungus fruits from a well decayed white rot of standing or fallen trunks of several hosts. It is reportedly edible, and is commonly known as "fungus icicles". (Waikato: PDD 60458.) Hymenochaete dissimilis G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 85: 44, 1957. — Cunningham 1957, 1963. MEX, MRO. Causing a white pocket rot and fruiting on bark or decorticated wood as an adherent, brown, perennial crust of irregular outline 3 - 1 5 x 3 5 cm, deeply and irregularly creviced. Also recorded on several other native hosts. (Auckland: PDD 7967; Bay of Plenty: PDD 16591, 16592.) Hymenochaete minuscula G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 85: 48, 1957. — Cunningham 1957, 1963. MEX. The fruit-body is a membranous, adherent, olivaceous to umber crust, with a blistered appearance, on bark of dead branches and associated with a white pocket rot. Also recorded on Kunzea ericoides and Leptospermum scoparium in New Zealand, and more recently reported from Brazil. (Auckland: PDD 11242, 11805 (type), 16603, 16996, 17030,24572.) Hymenochaete mougeotii (Fr.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 147, 1880. —Cunningham, 1957, 1963. MEX. Readily recognised by the closely adherent, thin, scarlet to bright red basidiocarps with a white, fibrillose margin. At first colonies are small, to 5 mm diam., later merging to form areas 10-35 x 2-5 cm. First reported from Europe and UK, this species is common in Australasia on a wide range of hosts, fruiting on bark and decorticated branches and stems and associated with a white rot. (Coromandel: PDD 7154.) Hymenochaete rhabarbarina (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 148, 1880. — Cunningham 1963. MRO, MSP. The fungus fruits on dead trunks and McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros branches of a range of hosts, causing a white rot. Basidiocarps begin as scattered colonies, 2-5 mm diam., which merge to form a yellow-brown to cinnamon crust covering areas to 15 x 5 cm. Very fine brown setae protrude from the hymenial surface. (Auckland: PDD 17038, 18432.) Hymenochaete semistupposa Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 9: 278, 1925. — Cunningham 1957, 1963.) MEX, MRO, MSP. An uncommon species locally, in New Zealand recorded only on Metrosideros, but known also from Australia, South Africa, and Sri Lanka. Colonies are adherent, thin, seal-brown to chocolate coloured, 3-6 x 2-3 cm, on decorticated wood of dead branches and trunks, associated with a white pocket rot. (Auckland: PDD 4526, 7968; Coromandel: PDD 5895.) Hymenochaete tasmanicaMassee,J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 105, 1890.— Cunningham 1957, 1963. MEX. Basidiocarps begin as adherent, reddish brown colonies 2-10 mm diam., and coalesce to form irregular, ferruginous to pale umber areas, to 1 0 x 5 cm. Reported from Australasia on bark and decorticated wood of dead branches and trunks of several hosts, associated with a white pocket rot. (Coromandel: PDD 7422.) Hymenochaete villosa (Lev.) Bres.,Ann. My col. 8: 588, 1910.— Cunningham, 1957, 1963. MEX, MRO. Characterised by its thin pileate (bracket) basidiocarps, with a coarsely tomentose, concentrically banded upper surface and a lower surface ferruginous becoming date-brown with a plum-coloured bloom, 3-7 cm long, 2-5 cm radius. Reported from Asia and Australasia, locally from a broad range of hosts. It causes a coarse pocket rot on dead branches and stems. (Northland: PDD 53511,62086; Auckland: PDD 7152,11804,12531; Coromandel: PDD 5010, 50489.) Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers.) J.Erikss., Symb. Bot. Upsal. XVI. 1: 104, 1958. — Cunningham 1963 as Peniophora sambuci (Pers.) Burt. MEX. This saprobe fruits on bark and decorticated wood of dead branches of many hosts, forming membranous, white, adherent crusts, 5-15 x 2-6 cm. (Auckland: PDD 7902.) Intextomyces contiguus (P.Karst.) J.Erikss. & Ryvarden, Corticiaceae N. Eur. 4: 737, 1976. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium contiguum P.Karst. MRO. Basidiocarps are membranous, white to cream, adherent crusts, up to 24 x 2 cm, with numerous outlying islands. In New Zealand, only recorded 345 on bark of dead branches of Br achy glottis, Leptospermum, and Metrosideros. (Northland: PDD 14155). Irpicodon? sp. MUM. Record based on a single collection of a pale yellow-brown, thin, irpicoid (somewhat toothed) basidiocarp, on fallen rata. (Stewart Island: PDD 53443.) Lenzites vespacea (Pers.) Ryvarden, Norweg. J. Bot. 19: 232, 1972. — Cunningham 1965 as Daedalea aspera Klotzsch; McKenzie 1992. MKE. Polypore bracket fungus, characterised by ungulate to applanate, brown, concentrically sulcate basidiocarps, 2-6 cm across, 2-5 cm radius, and 13 cm thick. Causing a white rot on standing dead trunks and stumps. The only other known host in New Zealand is Pinus radiata. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 55048.) Meruliopsis corium (Fr.) Ginns, Canad. J. Bot. 54: 126,1976. — Cunningham 1963 as Merulius corium (Fr.) Fr. MFU, MSP. Fruiting on dead branches of a broad range of hosts. Basidiocarps are typically effusedreflexed pilei, white with fine hairs on the upper surface, flesh-pink, glistening, and vaguely porose on the lower fertile surface. (Westland: PDD 15639, 15640.) Meruliopsis taxicola (Pers.) Bondartsev, in Parmasto, Izv. Akad. NaukEstonsk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. 8: 274, 1959. — Cunningham 1950 as Merulius ravenelii Berk., 1963 as M. ravenelii. MEX. Saprobic on decorticated, fallen branches of several native hosts, fruiting as a reddish brown, loosely attached crust with a poroid to reticulate fertile surface. (Auckland: PDD 7739; Coromandel: PDD 6843.) Odontia oblongospora G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86: 95, 1959. — Cunningham 1959. MEX. Basidiocarps are cream, resupinate, 3-8 x 1.5-3 cm, bearing spines 2-3 mm long, on decayed decorticated wood of several native hosts. (Auckland: PDD 17984, 17985, 17987.) Odontia oleifera G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86: 102, 1959. MEX. The species is saprobic on bark and decorticated wood of dead branches of several hosts, forming cream to pale brown, resupinate crusts bearing tan to pale reddish brown spines to 4 mm long. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 47845.) Odontia stratosa G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86: 78, 1959. — Cunningham 1959. 346 MEX. Recorded on bark and decorticated wood of dead branches and stems of a broad range of hosts, forming resupinate, white to cream crusts with minute dome-shaped spines. (Auckland: PDD 18069.) Parvobasidium lianacola (G.Cunn.) Stalpers, New ZealandJ. Bot. 23:307,1985. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium lianacolum G.Cunn. MFU. Basidiocarps are cream to pale olivaceous brown, chalky, brittle, thin crusts which form small irregular elliptical colonies, to 20 mm long. These sometimes merge to cover about 15x2 cm. Even to minutely warted. Known only from the collections on Metrosideros fulgens. (Rangitikei: PDD 17438, 17439; Wanganui: PDD 17437.) Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20, 1879. — Cunningham 1955, 1963. MEX, MPE, MSP. The name denotes a cosmopolitan species complex. In New Zealand, basidiocarps are perennial, grey (tinged violet or pink), tuberculate crusts consisting of small colonies or these coalescing to form areas to 20 x 1-3 cm. Very common on a wide range of hosts, fruiting on bark or decorticated wood of dead branches. (Auckland: PDD 13789; Westland: PDD 13757; Stewart Island: PDD 13544.) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 oping membranous, cream, resupinate crusts, 3-20 x 1-4 cm. (Auckland: PDD 13678; Westland: PDD 11512.) Phellinus gilvus (Schwein.) Pat., Essai Taxon. Hymenom.: 97, 1900. — Cunningham 1965. MEX. A polypore forming annual or perennial, applanate, conchate, or effused-reflexed, yellowish brown to chestnut pilei, 3-11 cm wide, 1-5 cm radius, 0.5-2 cm thick, sometimes in groups (imbricate). It fruits on bark of fallen branches and trunks of many hosts, and is associated with a white rot. In North America reported to cause a heart rot of living hardwood trees. (Northland: PDD 7082.) Phellinus inermis (Ellis & Everh.) G.Cunn., New ZealandDept. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull. 164:234,1965. — Cunningham 1948c as Fuscoporia inermis (Ellis & Everh.) G.Cunn., 1965. MEX, MRO. Basidiocarps are perennial, pileate to resupinate, often imbricate, with the pore surface ferruginous to chocolate coloured, associated with a white rot, on bark or decorticated wood of fallen branches of several hardwood hosts. (Coromandel: PDD 5498; Rangitikei: PDD 5500.) Perenniporia ochroleuca (Berk.) Ryvarden, Phellinus kamahi (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 31:15,1988. — Cunningham 1965 as Fuscoporia kamahi G.Cunn. MUM. Basidiocarps annual to perennial when successive layers recede from margin; typically resupinate or occasionally with very weakly reflexed parts, mostly elongate-elliptical, 13-19 x 2.5-10 cm, but extending to 1.25 m long. Pore surface yellowbrown to brown, with receding margin, sometimes with outlying islands. Causing a white rot on a broad range of indigenous hosts, though apparently not common on Metrosideros. (Westland: PDD 5502.) Norweg. J. Bot. 19:233,1972. —Cunningham 1965 as Heterobasidion ochroleucum (Berk.) G.Cunn. MEX. Characterised by distinctive ungulate to triquetrous, ochre or bay-coloured, corky, poroid basidiocarps, 1-7 cm wide, 0.5-4 cm radius, 11.5 cm thick, solitary or imbricate on decorticated fallen trunks and branches, or on stumps of a few hosts including Eucalyptus spp. and Podocarpus totara. New Zealand specimens may belong in P. ochroleuca var. brevispora Corner. (Auckland: PDD 57454; Bay of Plenty: PDD 52437, 52438.) Phanerochaete sordida (P.Karst.) J.Erikss. & Ryvarden, Corticiaceae N. Eur. 5: 1023, 1978. — Cunningham 1963 as Peniophora cremea (Bres.) Sacc. & Syd. MEX, MSP. A saprobe on bark or decorticated wood of dead branches of a broad range of hosts, devel- Phellinus laevigatus (Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin, Hymen. France: 624, 1928. MRO. A polypore fungus forming large crust-like, biennial to perennial basidiocarps, 5-50 x 3-5 cm, 3-5 mm thick. The pore surface, of very small pores, is even and brown with yellow margins. Causing a white rot of fallen branches and trunks of several hosts, and distributed widely in temperate regions of both hemispheres. (Wairarapa: NZFRI(M) 1307.) Phellinus pachyphloeus Pat., Essai Tax. Hymenomyc.: 97, 1900. — Cunningham 1965. MPE, MRO, MUM. Forming perennial, woodyhard, solitary, broadly attached and typically ungulate basidiocarps, 6-15 cm wide, 5-11 cm radius, 1-3 cm thick. Upper surface brown and concentrically sulcate and ridged, pore surface reddish brown. Sometimes resupinate. Causing a white rot of fallen Peniophora crustosa Cooke, Grevillea 8: 56, 1879. — Cunningham 1955, 1963. MEX. Basidiocarps are perennial, consisting of waxy, fawn to reddish brown or ochre, adherent crusts, 8-15 x 3-5 cm, with scattered outlying islands. Recorded on bark and decorticated dead wood of a wide range of hosts. (Auckland: PDD 4422, 15452.) McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros logs and branches of several indigenous hosts. (Northland: PDD 6652; Auckland: PDD 6730; Southland: PDD 17326; Stewart Island: PDD 13461.) Phellinus robustus (P.Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 41: 188, 1925. MEX. The name denotes a complex of species. In New Zealand abundant on hardwood hosts, forming perennial, ungulate to applanate, fulvous to umber pilei. It causes a white rot of heartwood of living or dead trees. (Auckland: PDD 28866, 57459.) Phellinus senex (Nees & Mont.) Imazeki, Bull. Gov. ForestExp. Sta. 57:115,1952. — Cunningham 1965 as Fomes senex (Nees & Mont.) Cooke; Gilmour 1966 as F. senex; Hood 1992. MEX, MKE, MRO. Basidiocarps are annual or perennial, often imbricate, applanate brackets, concentrically zoned in fulvous, ferruginous, and chestnut, on bark or decorticated wood or dead standing or fallen trunks. Recorded from dead standing and fallen trunks of several indigenous hosts, causing a white rot. Appears to be the most common species of Phellinus on Metrosideros. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 26137,26138; Northland: PDD 53512; Auckland: PDD 4574, 4875, 5744, 6413; Bay of Plenty: PDD 4878,4880,4883,4885,4888, 28504; Taupo: NZFRI(M) 1227; Wellington: PDD 523,2132,3801, 17389.) Phellinus wahlbergii (Fr.) D.A.Reid, Contr. Bolus Herb. 7: 97,1975. — Cunningham 1948b asFomes setulosus Lloyd, sensu G.Cunn. and F. uncatus G.Cunn., 1965 as P. zealandicus (Cooke) G.Cunn. and P. setulosus (Lloyd) Imazeki; Gilmour 1966 as F. setulosus and F. zealandicus Cooke; McKenzie 1992. MEX, MKE, MRO, MUM. Causing a white rot of several hardwood hosts, less often on conifers. Fruits on bark of standing and fallen dead trunks, forming perennial, solitary or frequently imbricate, applanate, chestnut to umber pilei. (Kermadec Islands: NZFRI(M) 1251, PDD 59465; Auckland: PDD 40354, 57461; Bay of Plenty: NZFRI(M) 1246, 1247, 1252, 3482, 3483, PDD 52455; Wellington: NZFRI(M) 1253, 1254.) Phlebia sp. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium lividum Pers.: Fr. MEX. Basidiocarps thin, at first white, later becoming bluish grey or reddish brown, adherent to bark or decorticated dead branches, covering linear areas to 20 x 3 cm. Saprobic on a broad range of hosts. (Auckland: PDD 17060.) 347 Phlebiella tulasnelloidea (Huhn. & Litsch.) Oberw., Biblioth. Mycol. 61: 343, 1977. — Cunningham 1963 as Corticium tulasnelloideum Hohn. & Litsch. MRO. Forming a diffuse, cobweb-like film as a basidiocarp on bark and decorticated wood of a broad range of mostly indigenous hosts. Basidiocarp grey to bluish grey and irregularly granular. (Westland: PDD 15423.) Polyporus arcularius Batsch: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 342, 1821. —Cunningham 1965. MEX, MRO. This cosmopolitan polypore fruits on fallen twigs or branches of many native hosts, causing a white rot. Basidiocarps solitary or in groups, centrally stipitate with an orbicular, chestnut to umber cap, 1-2.5 cm diam. (Northland: PDD 54489; Coromandel: PDD 7878; Bay of Plenty: PDD 52423.) Porotheleum poriaeforme (Pers.) W.B.Cooke, Mycologia 49: 688, 1957. — Cunningham 1963 as Stromatoscypha poriaeformis (Pers.: Fr.) G.Cunn. MPE. This fungus is similar in appearance to a lichen, with a base of grey hyphae supporting crowded cup-shaped, grey basidiocarps, each 200-350 µm diam., forming colonies 1-2 cm diam. Only recorded on Metrosideros and Coprosma in New Zealand. (Stewart Island: PDD 12963.) Postia brunnea Rajchenb. & P.K.Buchanan, Austral. Syst. Bot. 9: 877, 1996. — Cunningham 1965 as Grifola campyla (Berk.) G.Cunn. MRO. Basidiocarps of this polypore fungus are compound with several imbricate pilei or numerous pilei arising from a common base. Individual pilei are fanshaped, brown on upper surface, with a white pore surface. Causing a brown rot on wood of several hosts. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 20252 (type), 20253, 20254.) Postia lactea (Fr.) P.Karst., Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 3: 17, 1881. — Cunningham 1965 as Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murrill. MEX. Fruit-bodies are soft, fragile, white pilei, sometimes mostly resupinate, 3-5 cm wide, 1-2 cm radius, 1-2 cm thick. The species is known only in New Zealand on M. excelsa and Pinus radiata. It causes a powdery brown rot of fallen decorticated logs. (Auckland: PDD 5536.) Pseudolagarobasidium calcareum (Cooke & Massee) Sheng H.Wu, Acta Bot. Fenn. 142: 112, 1990. — Cunningham 1959 as Odontia calcarea (Cooke & Massee) G.Cunn. MEX. Forming a thin, pale brown crust, 15x5 cm, with short spines, on bark or decorticated wood of dead branches, associated with a pocket rot on a 34 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 broad range of hosts. (Auckland: PDD 17821, 17822; Coromandel: PDD 7367.) Pterula sp. MRO. A coral fungus, with a finely branched, pale brown (when dry) basidiocarp to 5.5 cm tall. (Auckland: PDD 63209.) Pycnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer, Ann. Mycol. 39: 59,1941. — Cunningham 1948d as Coriolus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) G.Cunn., 1965 as Trametes cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. MEX, MSP. Readily recognisable by its bright orange poroid brackets, 3-20 cm wide, 2-8 cm radius, fruiting on bark and decorticated wood of fallen and standing trunks, branches, and exposed roots of many native and introduced hosts, associated with a white rot. (Auckland: PDD 48537, 65451; Bay of Plenty: PDD 5117.) Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Donk, Fungus 26: 20, 1956. — Cunningham 1963. MEX. Forming perennial, cream to pale buff, membranous crusts to 30 x 7 cm, on a broad range of hosts. On bark and decorticated wood of dead branches. (Northland: PDD 7205.) Skeletocutis lenis (P.Karst.) Niemela, Karstenia 31: 23, 1991. — Cunningham 1965 as Poria lenis (P.Karst.) Sacc. MEX. The poroid basidiocarps are white to cream, membranous crusts, to 2 mm thick, on bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches on a broad range of native and introduced hosts. Causing a white wood rot. (Northland: PDD 6708.) Skeletocutis novae-zelandiae (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 31: 20, 1988. — Cunningham 1947as Poria novaezelandiae G.Cunn., 1965 as Chaetoporus novae-zelandiae Ramaricium polyporoideum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ginns, Bot. Not. 132:98,1979. —Cunningham 1963 (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. as Corticium polyporoideum Berk. & M.A.Curtis. MSP. Causing a white rot of fallen trunks and MRO. This corticioid fungus forms a membranous, branches of Kunzea, Metrosideros, andNothofagus. white to tan basidiocarp that is loosely attached to Fruiting to form soft and fleshy (when fresh), white, dead branches of several indigenous hosts. Numer- poroid crusts, 6-25 x 3-10 cm, 1-2 mm thick. (Bay ous small colonies are often formed, 1-6 cm across. of Plenty: PDD 5322 (type).) (Auckland: PDD 16968; Rangitikei: PDD 17050; Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Wairarapa: PDD 39420.) Pl. 1: 653, 1821. Rigidoporus concrescens (Mont.) Rajchenb., Bol. MRO. Basidiocarps are annual or biennial, to 20 cm Soc. Arg. Bot. 28: 165, 1992. —Cunningham 1965 across, consisting of effused-reflexed pilei to 20 mm as Tyromyces catervatus (Berk.) G.Cunn., sensu radius and broad resupinate areas. Upper surface of pilei concentrically zoned in shades of white, grey, G.Cunn. MRO. Basidiocarps of this polypore species are dis- and brown and clothed in hairs; lower fertile surface tinctive in typically hanging on the underside of bark even, grey to buff. Causing a white rot of dead (from which they are readily removed). They are branches of several, mostly indigenous hosts. (Auckattached dorsally by a short extension of the base. land: PDD 28510.) Often, several disc-shaped pilei (each 5-15 mm Stereum ostrea (Blume & Nees: Fr.) Fr., Epicr. Syst. diam.) are confluent, each with its separate stem-like Mycol.: 547, 1838. — Cunningham 1956 as S. attachment to the substrate. The pileus surface is lobatum (Kuntze: Fr.) Fr., 1963 as Stereum fasciatum brown, shiny and radially striate; pore surface is (Schwein.) Fr. brown with tiny pores. Causing a white rot of sev- MRO. Conspicuous and distinctly pileate member eral indigenous hosts. (Northland: PDD 20231.) of the corticioid fungi, with fan-shaped, often confluent pilei, to 14 cm radius, attached to the substrate Sarcodontia sp. by a narrow lateral base. Sometimes also with a MEX. Causing a white rot and fruiting on decorticated wood to form a thin, waxy, pale yellow crust broad resupinate area. Pilei orange to orange-brown and zoned uppermost, with the fertile lower surface with narrow spines. (Northland: PDD 23654.) Scotoderma viride (Berk.) Jiilich, Proc. K. Ned. mostly smooth, ochre to brown. Mostly in groups of Akad. Wet., C 77(2): 151, 1974. — Cunningham basidiocarps on dead branches and trunks of a broad range of indigenous hosts. (Gisbome: PDD 6965.) 1963 as Coniophora viridis (Berk.) Sacc. MUM. Basidiocarps are thin, membranous, ochre to brown or olivaceous brown crusts, 2-18 x 2-3 cm, and occur on dead branches and trunks of Cupressus, Dacrydium, Metrosideros, and Pinus. (Southland: PDD 17505.) Stereum scutellatum G.Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 84:210,1956. —Cunningham 1956,1963. MEX, MRO, MUM. Basidiocarps are resupinate, plum to purple crusts, loosely attached to bark of dead branches and trunks, and often with the crust McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros margin upturned to form a striate, straw-coloured pileus. Apparently confined to Metrosideros, apart from one record on Dracophyllum. (Northland: PDD 7019; Auckland: PDD 5454, 7017, 7018, 7020, 11196, 14381; Coromandel: PDD 16882, 16950, 16952, 16984; Bay of Plenty: PDD 37808; Westland: PDD 15439,15440; Stewart Island: PDD 14380.) Stereum vellereum Berk., in Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel. 2: 183, 1855. —Cunningham 1956, 1963. MRO, MSP. Fruiting on dead branches and twigs of a very wide range of indigenous, and a few exotic hosts. Forming broad resupinate areas with reflexed margins or sometimes with solitary pilei broadly attached. Adjacent pilei may coalesce to form elongate fruitings along twigs and branches. Pilei are covered with white or straw-coloured hairs, and the fertile surface is cream, ochre, or grey. (Westland: PDD 14416; Fiordland: PDD 7025.) Trametes ?pubescens (Fr.) Pilat, Atlas Champ. Eur. 3: 268, 1939. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. Polypore bracket fungus. Saprobic on dead wood. Worldwide in distribution, but not known from mainland New Zealand. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 55041, 55044.) Tubulicium vermiferum (Bourdot) Oberw. ex JUlich, Persoonia 10: 335, 1979. —Cunningham 1963 as Tubulicrinis vermifera (Bourdot) G.Cunn. MUM. A corticioid fungus forming chalky, annual to biennial, white to cream crusts, to 5 x 1.5 cm. Under a lens, strongly projecting cystidia are visible. Reported on both living and dead stems of several indigenous hosts. (Gisborne: PDD 11482.) Tubulicrinis thermometrus (G.Cunn) M.P.Christ., DanskBot.Ark. 19: 132, 1960. —Cunningham 1955 as Peniophora thermometra G.Cunn., 1963 as Tubulicrinis thermometrus (G.Cunn) G.Cunn. MRO. The type specimen is the only known collection of this species. Basidiocarps consist of a thin greyish to whitish film, to 5 x 2 cm, largely invisible to the naked eye when dry, and would be easily overlooked. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 11483 (type)) Tyromyces guttulatus (Peck ex Sacc.) Murrill, North American Flora 9: 31, 1907. — Cunningham 1965. MRO. A polypore fungus with annual, white, bracket sporocarps, fan-shaped or broadly attached, fleshy and soft when fresh. Measuring 3-5 cm wide, 5 8 cm radius, 7-15 mm thick. It has been recorded locally only on Metrosideros, Dacrycarpus, and Podocarpus. Cunningham's (1965) description of 349 the fungus in New Zealand appears to differ somewhat from published descriptions elsewhere. (Auckland: PDD 6732, 6748; Wellington: PDD 5335, 6591,6593.) Tyromyces merulinus (Berk.) G.Cunn., New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull. 164: 138, 1965. — Cunningham 1965. MRO. Basidiocarps are broadly resupinate, to 30 x 10 cm, sometimes with narrowly reflexed margins, conspicuous due to the brightly coloured (orange, apricot to scarlet) pore surface. Found on fallen logs and branches and on stumps of a broad range of indigenous hosts, causing a white rot. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 5866, 5868.) Wrightoporia subrutilans (Murrill) Ryvarden, Nordic J. Bot. 2: 147, 1982. MEX. Fruiting on bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches and trunks, this polypore has been recorded on Coriaria, Corynocarpus, and Kunzea (Cunningham 1965) and on Metrosideros, causing a white rot. Basidiocarps are resupinate, white or cream crusts, 0.5-1 mm thick, with angular pores becoming somewhat tooth-like. (Auckland: PDD 11086.) Xylobolus illudens (Berk.) Boidin, Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 23: 341, 1958. — Cunningham 1956 as Stereum illudens Berk., 1963 as S. illudens. MRO. A corticioid species with annual to perennial basidiocarps, varying from fan-shaped pilei to broadly resupinate areas with reflexed margins. Pileus surface concentrically zoned with bands of brown hairs; fertile lower surface violaceous to grey. Recorded on dead trunks and branches of many indigenous hosts, and also on power poles and worked timber. (Wanganui: PDD 4502.) AURICULARIALES Auriculariapolytricha (Mont.) Sacc., Atti del Beale Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. Ser. 6, 3: 722, 1885. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. Wood ear fungus. Widespread and common throughout New Zealand on dead wood of many different plants. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 55046.) Helicogloea alba (Burt) Couch, Mycologia 41: 435, 1949. — McNabb 1964. MEX. A jelly fungus, forming pale cream, thin crusts, 0.5-1 mm thick, on bark and wood of several hardwood species. (Coromandel: PDD 5036.) 350 OOMYCOTA Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, Meded. Inst. Plantenziekten, Buitenzorg 54:41,1922. — Gilmour 1966. MEX. Seedling root rot. This fungus is abundant in many New Zealand soils in indigenous and exotic forests and has a wide host range. It generally causes rootlet rot of older trees growing in heavy or poorly drained soils; of little importance where soil conditions are favourable to plant growth. It may cause severe root and collar rot in nurseries ZYGOMYCOTA Acaulospora laevis Gerd. & Trappe, Mycol. Mem. 5:33, 1974. —Hall 1977. MUM. This species formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae with several species of plants including Kunzea ericoides, Leptospermum scoparium, and Metrosideros umbellata. Glomus cf. macrocarpus Tul. & C.Tul. var. macrocarpus, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 63, 1845. — Hall 1977. MUM. This species formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in repeated inoculation trials with Coprosma robusta, Weinmannia racemosa, and Metrosideros umbellata. Glomus pallidus I.R.Hall, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 68: 343, 1977. — Hall 1977. MUM. This species was described as forming vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae with Coprosma robusta, Leptospermum scoparium, Weinmannia racemosa, and Metrosideros umbellata. (Southland: PDD 35026.) MITOSPORIC FUNGI Acrodontium crateriforme (J.F.H.Beyma) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 1: 26, 1972. —McKenzie 1992. MKE. Overgrowing and probably parasitic on Meliolina novae-zealandiae. In New Zealand known only from Kermadec Islands; also known from Europe and Indonesia. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54807.) Capnobotryspaucispora S.Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 19: 221, 1981. —Hughes 1981. MDI. Sooty mould on branches, twigs, and leaves. Common throughout New Zealand on several species of native trees. Capnobotrys species are the New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 anamorphs of species of Metacapnodiaceae. (Taupo: PDD 21035 (type)) Ceuthospora sp. MEX. On dead, fallen leaves. Many species have been described, usually colonising dead or moribund leaf tissue in litter habitats. (Coromandel: PDD 46776.) Chaetosticta sp. MEX, MKE, MSP (cult.). Hypophyllous on living leaves, forming discrete black colonies or more general black mould-like growth within the leaf tomenturn. A similar species also occurs in New Zealand on leaves of Pittosporum crassifolium and Acca sellowiana. (Northland: PDD 46691,46693; Auckland: PDD 46690, 49977, 54663, 56807, 65871.) Chalara sp. MUM. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Southland: PDD 40683.) Chloridium sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59366.) Circinotrichum sp. MSP. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Northland: PDD 40602.) Cladobotryum sp. MBA. On outer bark of living tree. Associated with a mushroom fruitbody. (Northland: PDD 60086.) Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds, Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Science 25: 178A, 1968. MEX. Isolated as an endophyte from symptomless green leaves. (Northland: PDD 68861.) Colletotrichum sp. MFU. Isolated as an endophyte from symptomless green leaves. (Auckland: PDD 45657.) Conoplea sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59372.) Cryptophiale orthospora McKenzie, Mycotaxon 49: 309, 1993. — McKenzie 1992 as Cryptophiale sp., 1993. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. Also known on Elaeocarpus dentatus in New Zealand, and on Gahnia sp. in New Caledonia. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59365.) Cryptosporiopsis sp. MSC. Isolated as an endophyte from symptomless green leaves. (Auckland: PDD 68246.) Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 17: 191, 1892. McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on NZ Metrosideros MEX, MKE. In both specimens the fungus was isolated from leaf spots of seedling plants. Spots circular, 1—2 mm diam., brown with a dark reddish brown border. Worldwide in distribution, C. scoparium is very common in New Zealand on a wide range of plants. Commonly causes damping-off and can be isolated from roots and leaves of seedling plants. (Northland: PDD 25226; Auckland: PDD 40129.) Cylindrocladium sp. MSP. On dead, fallen leaves. (Coromandel: PDD 40640, 40641.) Cytospora metrosideri Rabenh., Hedwigia 17: 115, 1878. — Rabenhorst 1878. MSP. On leaves, from Auckland. Cytospora sp. MEX. Associated with marginal necrotic areas on leaves. Necrotic areas grey, with a sharply defined reddish border. (Northland: PDD 48613.) Dictyochaeta sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59377.) Ellisiopsis gallesiae Bat. & Nascim., Anais Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 14: 21, 1956. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. Widespread in tropical areas. In New Zealand known only from Kermadec Islands. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54648.) Eriomycopsis meliolinae Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 158: 48, 1947. — Johnston 1999. MEX. Overgrowing and parasitic on Meliolina novae-zealandiae. Eriomycopsis spp. are typically hyperparasitic on Meliola and other leaf pathogens. E. meliolinae is the only species to have been described from Meliolina, and has been previously reported only from Africa. (Northland: PDD 68410; Bay of Plenty: PDD 68409.) Fusidium sp. MEX, MSP. On dead, fallen leaves, presumably saprobic. (Auckland: PDD 40660, 40663; Coromandel: PDD 46756.) Gyrothrix sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen twig. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59367.) Harknessia eucrypta (Cooke & Massee) Nag Raj & DiCosmo, Biblioth. Mycol. 80: 28, 1981. MEX. On recently fallen leaves. Originally described from New Zealand on leaves of Knightia excelsa. (Auckland: NZFRI(M) 3651; Coromandel: PDD 46770.) Harposporium sp. MSP. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Coromandel: PDD 40699.) 351 Leptomelanconium sp. MEX, MSP. Tentatively identified in this genus. Associated with circular, dark reddish brown leaf spots which form a "cuticular plate" up to 6 mm diam. on the upper surface of leaves. Discoloration extends to the lower leaf surface. Very common on pohutukawa. (Northland: PDD 56841; Auckland: PDD 15909, 30158, 30159, 43314, 64252; Coromandel: PDD 55197, 62168, 64236, 64249, 64251; Taranaki: NZFRI(M) s.n.; Wanganui: NZFRI(M) s.n.; Wellington: NZFRI(M) 3538,3539, 3585, 3593; Dunedin: NZFRI(M) 3556.) Olidodendron sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59373.) Periconiella sp. MSP. Hypophyllous on living leaves, with conidiophores arising from leaf hairs. (Auckland: PDD 40717.) Pestalotia sp. MEX. Isolated as an endophyte from symptomless green leaves. (Northland: PDD 68860.) Phialocephala sp. MSP. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves in stream. (Coromandel: PDD 40722.) Phyllosticta spp. MEX. Isolated as an endophyte from symptomless green leaves. (Northland: PDD 68862, 68863, 68864.) Pleurotheciopsis sp. —McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59374, 59375.) Pseudocercospora myrticola (Speg.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 148, 1976. — Laundon 1970 as Cercospora myrticola; McKenzie 1990. MEX, MPA. On nursery plants. Leaf spots angular or irregular up to 5 mm diam., dark reddish brown. Recorded on Myrtaceae (Blepharocalyx and Myrtus) in South America, Europe, and South Africa. Also isolated from FeUoa sellowiana in New Zealand. (Taranaki: NZFRI(M) 2360, PDD 44470, 50614.) Ramichloridium sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. Overgrowing Meliolina novae-zealandiae. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54825.) Satchmopsis cf. brasiliensis B.Sutton & Hodges, Nova Hedwigia 26: 3, 1975. MEX. On dead, fallen leaves. Known from Eucalyptus litter from North, Central, and South America, Hawaii, and Australia. (Auckland: PDD 45581.) 352 Septonema sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59381.) Spiropes sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. Overgrowing and probably parasitic on Meliolina novae-zealandiae. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54810.) Sympodiella sp. MFU. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Coromandel: PDD 45292.) Triposporium sp. MSP. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Auckland: PDD 40548.) Verticicladiella sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59378, 59379.) Waydora typica (Rodway) B.Sutton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 248, 1976. MEX. On recently fallen leaves; also isolated from a dying twig. Found on Eucalyptus spp. in Australia and North and South America. In New Zealand has also been found on Hebe sp. and on Pseudopanax lessonii, always close to the shoreline. (Northland: PDD 54303; Aucldand: PDD 65876; Coromandel: PDD 55379, 55381, 59487, 64984; Bay of Plenty: PDD 59629.) Wiesneriomyces sp. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 59363, 59376.) Zygosporium gibbum (Sacc., Rouss. & Bomm.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 825, 1958. MSP. A saprobe on dead, fallen leaves in stream. Z. gibbum is common on plant litter, especially in tropical regions. It has been found in the northern parts of New Zealand on dead leaves of several native plant species. (Coromandel: PDD 40741.) MYXOMYCOTA Craterium minutum (Leers) Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 151, 1829. MEX. Slime mould found on bark. Also occurs on dead leaves, twigs, and bark of other plants in New Zealand. Common in North America and Europe, and known from other parts of the world. (Bay of Plenty: PDD 28500.) Fuligo septica (L.) F.H.Wigg., Prim.fl. holsat.: 112, 1780.— McKenzie 1992. MKE. Slime mould found on dead wood. (Kennadec Islands: PDD 54594.) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 37 Trichia favoginea (Batsch) Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 90, 1794. — McKenzie 1992. MKE. Slime mould found on dead wood. (Kermadec Islands: PDD 54595.) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Mario Rajchenberg, Esquel, Argentina, for determination of the Elmerina sp. Geoff Ridley and Margaret Dick kindly provided access to specimens held in the Forest Research fungal herbarium. 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