Sains Malaysiana 41(5)(2012): 505–526
Orchids of Cloud Forest in Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia
(Anggerik Hutan Awan Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia)
D
NG YONG JIN, RUSEA GO*, ROSIMAH NULIT, KHOR HONG ENG, TAN MUI CHING,
FARAH ALIA NORDIN, AHMAD AINUDDIN NURUDDIN & LEE NAM SOOK
TE
ABSTRACT
RR
EC
An inventory of orchid species diversity was carried out in cloud forest of Genting Highlands, which is one of the most
developed highland areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Since 1967, construction of roads and hotel complexes has had a
serious impact on its physical environment and vegetation. Habitat destructions together with climate change might
have caused some orchid species to be extirpated locally or extinct. The cloud forest of Genting Highlands consists of
4 major peaks, Gunung Ulu Kali, Gunung Chin Chin, Gunung Lari Tembakau and Gunung Mengkuang. However, not
much study on orchid diversity was conducted in these areas, therefore, this study is timely and essential to evaluate
WKHFXUUHQWRUFKLGGLYHUVLW\DIWHUDJDSRIGHFDGHV&RPELQHGÀQGLQJVIURPWKHFXUUHQWVWXG\SUHYLRXVSXEOLVKHG
works and specimens deposited in local herbaria, including those at the Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Forest Researh Institute of Malaysia and Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia
and Singapore Botanic Gardens, an updated list of orchid species found in the cloud forests of Genting Highlands is
presented. A total of 134 orchid taxa were recorded, comprises of 51 genera, 132 species, 1 subspecies and 2 varieties,
of which 46 are new records to Genting Highlands. Hymenorchis javanica, a species previously reported as endemic to
West Jawa was recently discovered in Gunung Ulu Kali. Thirty-three species discovered during this study are currently
FODVVLÀHGDVHQGHPLFWR3HQLQVXODU0DOD\VLDRIZKLFKDUHHQGHPLFWR3DKDQJ3HUDNDQG6HODQJRUVWDWHVDQG
very narrowly endemic species; Corybas villosus to Gunung Ulu Kali. Through our observations, most of the orchid
species in Gunung Ulu Kali are very susceptible to disappearance due to loss of habitat and local climate change. An
assessment of conservation status according to IUCN criteria revealed that 47 orchid taxa from Gunung Ulu Kali were
threatened with extinction. Conservation actions were suggested to conserve the orchid diversity in the cloud forest
region of Genting Highlands.
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Keywords: Orchids; cloud forest; Genting Highlands; Pahang
ABSTRAK
UN
Inventori kepelbagaian spesies anggerik telah dijalankan di hutan awan Genting Highlands, yang merupakan salah satu
kawasan tanah tinggi yang paling membangun di Semenanjung Malaysia. Sejak 1967, pembinaan jalan raya dan kompleks
KRWHOPHPSXQ\DLNHVDQ\DQJVHULXVNHDWDVDODPVHNLWDUÀ]LNDOGDQWXPEXKWXPEXKDQ.HPXVQDKDQKDELWDWEHUVDPD
sama dengan perubahan iklim mungkin menyebabkan beberapa spesies anggerik mengalami kepupusan tempatan.
Hutan awan Genting Highlands terdiri daripada 4 puncak utama, Gunung Ulu Kali, Gunung Chin Chin, Gunung Lari
tembakau dan Gunung Mengkuang. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak banyak kajian kepelbagaian anggerik telah dijalankan
di kawasan ini. Oleh itu kajian ini adalah tepat pada masanya dan penting untuk menilai kepelbagaian anggerik semasa
selepas jurang tiga dekad. Gabungan penemuan daripada kajian semasa, kerja sebelumnya yang telah diterbitkan dan
spesimen yang disimpan di herbaria, termasuk Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Institut Penyelidikan
Perhutanan Malaysia dan Jabatan Biologi, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia dan Singapore Botanic Gardens,
maka senarai terkini spesies anggerik yang ditemui di hutan awan Genting Highlands diperuntukkan. Sejumlah 134
takson anggerik telah dicatatkan, terdiri daripada 51 genus, 132 spesies, 1 subspesies dan 2 varieti, yang mana 46
daripadanya adalah rekod baru untuk Genting Highlands. Hymenorchis javanica, spesies yang dilaporkan sebelum ini
sebagai endemik kepada Jawa Barat baru-baru ini ditemui di Gunung Ulu Kali, merupakan rekod baru untuk Malaysia.
Tiga puluh tiga spesies yang dijumpai semasa kajian ini kini dikelaskan sebagai endemik kepada Semenanjung Malaysia,
GDULSDGDQ\DDGDODKHQGHPLNNHSDGD3DKDQJ3HUDNGDQ6HODQJRUGDQVSHVLHV\DQJVDQJDWVHPSLWHQGHPLNQ\D
Corybas villosus adalah endemik kepada Gunung Ulu Kali. Melalui pemerhatian kami, kebanyakan spesies anggerik
di Gunung Ulu Kali yang sangat terdedah kepada kepupusan disebabkan oleh kehilangan habitat dan perubahan iklim
setempat. Suatu penilaian status pemuliharaan mengikut kriteria IUCN mendapati bahawa 47 takson anggerik dari
Gunung Ulu Kali diancam kepupusan. Usulan pemulihara adalah disyorkan untuk memulihara kepelbagaian anggerik
di kawasan hutan awan Genting Highlands.
Kata kunci: Anggerik; Genting Highlands; Hutan awan
506
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Genting Highlands is located at 3°25’45”N and
101°30’24”E in Bentong District which is only 50 km
from Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. It lies
within the Titiwangsa Range (Main Range) and is on the
Pahang and Selangor border. The summit region of Genting
Highlands together comprises of Gunung Ulu Kali,
Gunung Chin Chin, Gunung Mengkuang and Gunung Lari
Tembakau also Gunung Purun, which is totally replaced
by hotels and amusement park complexes, is one of the
most disturbed cloud forests in Malaysia. Gunung Ulu Kali
with approximately 1770 m above sea level is the highest
peak of the summit region.
Prior to this study, there were three different published
ÁRULVWLFVWXGLHVWKDWGLUHFWO\LQFOXGHGWKLVSDUWRI*HQWLQJ
Highlands as locality of their studies (Ridley 1924; Piggott
1977; Stone 1981; Salifah et al. 2009). Stone’s study on the
VXPPLWÁRUDRI*XQXQJ8OX.DOLZDVFDUULHGRXWLQ
and was published in 1981. In his study, he indicated that
the temperature of the summit region of Gunung Ulu Kali
ranging from 21-23°C during the day and drop to 10oC
at night. The relative humidity may drop below 60% and
evaporation rate is high in windy days (Burgess 1969).
However metrological data provided by The Resorts World
Sdn. Bhd. shows that mean monthly air temperature during
1994-1995 was 19.7°C with a mean annual rainfall of 3534
mm and mean relative humidity of 53.7% (Chua & Saw
2001). Recent data by Kamarulzaman et al. (2009) using
Automated HOBO Weather Station installed at Gunung
Ulu Kali recorded mean temperature was 16.5°C, mean
annual rainfall was 2339 mm, mean relative humidity was
91.3%. Temperature and humidity readings by the authors
recorded that day time temperature was ranging from 1218oC under canopy cover and 14-24°C in the open area,
with relative humidity reaches 85%.
6WDGWPXOOHU GHÀQHGFORXGIRUHVWDVIRUHVWVLQ
the humid tropics that are frequently covered by clouds
or mist; thus receiving additional humidity, other than
rainfall, through the capture and/or condensation of water
GURSOHWV KRUL]RQWDOSUHFLSLWDWLRQ ZKLFKLQÁXHQFHVWKH
hydrological regime, radiation balance, and several other
climatic, edaphic and ecological parameter. The cloud
forests of Genting Highlands are those of the upper montane
IRUHVWW\SH,WIRUHVWÁRRUVPDLQO\FRYHUHGE\PRVVHVHYHQ
up to the trees. However, Whitmore and Burnham (1969),
described the critical range of transitional altitude from
lower montane forest to upper montane forest in Genting
Highlands is between 4000 ft. (1220 m) to 5400 ft. (1646
m). In the sheltered area of Genting Highlands, the lower
montane forest may ascend to 1646 m, while in exposed
area the upper montane forest may descend to 1220 m.
Certain forest areas of the summit of Genting Highlands
FRQVLGHUHGDVHOÀQIRUHVWZKLFKLVWKHVXEW\SHRIXSSHU
montane forest. Its stunted and twisted trees characterize
WKHHOÀQIRUHVW7KHHOÀQIRUHVWLQ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV
ZLWKLWVFDQRS\RIPRUOHVVKDVGHQVHDQGÁDWWHQHG
crown, and with coriaceous leaves and is indicated by its
species such as Dacrydium comosum and Leptospermum
ÁDYHVFHQV, while the indicator species for upper montane
forest are Lithocarpus cyclophorus, Garcinia cantleyana
var. grandifolia, Exbucklandia populnea and Pandanus
klossii (Stone 1981).
Genting Highlands was an undisturbed virgin forest
until year 1967, when Lim Goh Tong founded it, and
started to develop it into a tourism site well-known as
casino, entertainment and hotel complex. Before the
establishment of casino and hotel complex, this area
could only be reached by trekking through the jungle.
The earliest development was a road branching off from
Kuala Lumpur – Kuantan trunk road through the Genting
Sempah to the summit area which was constructed in 1967
(Piggott 1977; Stone 1981). To date, Genting Highlands
has been developed into a most famous tourism site in
Malaysia that attracted 19.2 million visitors in 2008. It
consisted of six hotels with 10,000 rooms, 170 dining and
shopping outlets, golf courts, farms and other facilities as
well (Genting Malaysia Berhad 2010).
Consequently, the development in Genting Highlands
KDVVLJQLÀFDQWO\DIIHFWHGWKHFORXGIRUHVWLQLWVVXPPLW
regions. The changes in species composition observed by
Chua & Saw (2001), revealed that there have been severe
environmental changes at Genting Highlands. They also
suggested that the fragmentation of forests may have some
negative impacts on certain plant species, while others may
not be affected. Salifah et al. (2009) reported that much of
Genting Highlands area has loss its original biodiversity
due to human activities as 80.5% of pteridophytes recorded
by Piggott (1977) were not found in their in their study.
$VIRURUFKLGÁRUD6WRQH UHFRUGHGRUFKLG
species comprises of 23 genera. However, there was
no other comprehensive study on the orchid diversity
of Genting Highlands for nearly 30 years after Stone’s
inventory. Undoubtfully, there were some factors that
may affect the orchid diversity: (1) forest clearance for
development, (2) local climate change, and (3) illegal
collection of valuable orchids. The continuous destruction
of natural environment in this area coupled with the
knowledge of high orchid diversity has enticed us to pursue
this diversity study. The changes brought about by human
activities and nature have been the key factors that create
the urgency to inventory the orchid species in Genting
Highlands and to evaluate their conservation status.
This paper aimed to address two aspects, information on
diversity and distribution of orchids and issues of natural
habitat conservation and climate change.
D
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Orchid specimens were collected randomly from cloud
forest habitat of Genting Highlands throughout the year
of 2009. The sampling sites include summit regions
of Gunung Ulu Kali, Gunung Chin Chin, Gunung Lari
Tembakau, Gunung Purun and Gunung Mengkuang.
Orchid specimens collected were preserved using standard
herbarium method of Bridson and Forman (1992), then
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
science, similar to the plant found in North Sumatra at 915
m a.s.l. suspected new by Comber (2001). However, he
did not further describe nor publishe the new species. Two
species were found not only new to Genting Highlands
but also to Peninsular Malaysia, Dendrobium sociale
and Hymenorchis javanica. Dendrobium sociale was
previously only recorded from Sumatera, Thailand and
Vietnam (Govaerts et al. 2006). Hymenorchis javanica
was claimed to be endemic to West Java (Comber 1990;
Govaerts et al. 2008) and now it is also found in Genting
Highlands. Most of the new records of orchids found in
Genting Highlands are only in a few small populations.
Hymenorchis javanicaIRUH[DPSOHLVFRQÀQHGWRDVLQJOH
population on a few trees and Paphiopedilum lowii was
recorded only with 2 small clumps, which are now totally
missing from the location we spotted them then, as the
spot is now part of the road expansion. No other plants
were recorded, indicating rarity and vulnerability to local
extinction with the current rate of forest conversion and
environmental changes.
Endemism is known to be very high in highland
habitats especially in the cloud forest region with
altitude 1000 – 3000 m a.s.l. (Raxworthy et al. 2008),
D
deposited in Herbarium of Biology Department, Faculty
of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Flowers
were kept in Copenhagen solution as spirit collection.
For species identification, references used including
Ridley (1924), Holttum (1964), Teo (1985), Seidenfaden
(1992), Comber (1990 & 2001), Turner (1995), Rusea
and Khali-Aziz (2008), Rusea et al. (2009) and Rusea
et al. (2010). The names used here are according to
the World Checklists of Selected Plant Families access
online (Govaerts et al. 2008). Specimens in the local
herbaria, Herbarium Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Bangi (UKMB), Herbarium of Universiti Malaya (KLU),
Herbarium Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (KEP),
Herbarium of Biology Department, Universiti Putra
Malaysia (UPM) and herbarium abroad, Herbarium of
Singapore Botanic Gardens (SING) were also studied for
LGHQWLW\YHULÀFDWLRQV
A total of 134 orchid taxa were recorded, from 51 genera
of which 46 are new records to Genting Highlands (Table
1). One species, Thelasis sp. is suspected to be new to
Taxa
Previous
Study
Acriopsis ridleyi Hook.f.
Current
study
New to
Genting
ȼ
ȼ
Specimens Cited
MFK057; NYJ240;
BCS15331
Agrostophyllum cyathiforme J.J.Sm
ȼ
ȼ
MCT002; NYJ136;
NYJ160; NYJ223
Agrostophyllum glumaceum Hook.f.
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ195
Agrostophyllum longifolium (Blume) Rchb.f.
Agrostophyllum majus Hook.f.
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ230
NYJ159; NYJ196;
NYJ222
Agrostophyllum stipulatum subsp. bicuspidatum
(J.J.Sm.) Schuit.
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ080; OYS009
Agrostophyllum stipulatum subsp. stipulatum
(Griff.) Schltr.
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ194
Agrostophyllum sp. A
ȼ
Appendicula uncata Ridl.
ȼ
UN
No.
1. Orchid species found in the cloud forest habitat, Genting Highlands, Pahang
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TABLE
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.
ȼ
Bromheadia brevifolia Ridl.*
ȼ
Bulbophyllum angustifolium Lindl.
ȼ
Bulbophyllum brevipes Ridl.
NYJ233; NYJ235
ȼ
ȼ
FRI 60500; NYJ193;
OYS017
FA011; FRI41051;
FRI51458; FRI60494;
KHE09034; MFK060;
OYS006
-
ȼ
ȼ
BCS15073; HUM9020;
NYJ206
ȼ
BKSK0913; SHA002
Bulbophyllum diplantherum Carr *
ȼ
-
Bulbophyllum gibbosum Lindl.
ȼ
Gunung Mengkuang,
1912, H.C. Robinson,
collection number n.a.
508
Previous
Study
Taxa
Current
study
New to
Genting
Specimens Cited
ȼ
-
Bulbophyllum membranifolium Hook.f.
ȼ
-
Bulbophyllum minutulumRidl. ex Burkill &
Holttum
ȼ
-
Bulbophyllum mutabile Lindl.
ȼ
-
Bulbophyllum obtusum (Blume) Lindl.
ȼ
Bulbophyllum stormii J.J.Sm
ȼ
Bulbophyllum tenuifolium Lindl.
ȼ
Bulbophyllum wrayi Hook.f. *
Bulbophyllum sp. A
Bulbophyllum sp. B
Calanthe aurantiaca Ridl. *
Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f.
Calanthe rigida Carr *
RR
Ceratostylis ampullacea Kraenzl.
D
Bulbophyllum grudense J.J.Sm
ȼ
EC
TE
No.
ȼ
-
ȼ
NYJ042; NYJ114;
NYJ156; NYJ165;
SHA020; SHA060;
SHA061
ȼ
NYJ232; SHA067
ȼ
ȼ
FRI60481; FRI60493
BCS14049
-
ȼ
NYJ036; NYJ212;
OYS007
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
Ceratostylis gracilis Blume
ȼ
Ceratostylis lancifolia Hook.f. *
ȼ
ȼ
BCS14182; NYJ140;
NYJ146
ȼ
ȼ
FRI41659; FRI64085;
NYJ088; OYS033
CO
Ceratostylis eria Govaerts *
Ceratostylis pulchella Holttum *
BCS13539; BCS14141;
FA023; FRI67344;
NYJ034; OYS005;
OYS022; SHA008
-
ȼ
FRI60551
Chelonistele sulphurea %OXPH 3ÀW]HU
ȼ
ȼ
FRI40674; NYJ153;
NYJ161; SA329
Coelogyne kaliana P.J. Cribb *
ȼ
ȼ
BCS14123-A; FA003;
MS2963; NYJ154;
NYJ162
Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.
ȼ
UN
Ceratostylis subulata Blume
ȼ
BCS15072;Chan1209;
FRI52580; MFK054;
NYJ207; NYJ226
Coelogyne prasina Ridl.
Coelogyne radicosa Ridl.
Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl.
J.K. Wong, 78822
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
FRI54165; FRI60555;
MCT011; MFK058;
NYJ041; OYS011
BCS13971; BCS15074;
FA001; FA020;
FRI50569; FRI58894;
FRI60480; FRI60485;
FRI60492; FRI60498;
FRI60499; NYJ033;
NYJ119; NYJ128;
NYJ199; OYS037;
RJ0398; SHA001;
SHA011
ȼ
FRI64090; MCT001;
NYJ211
509
Previous
Study
Taxa
Current
study
New to
Genting
Specimens Cited
Corybas carinatus (J.J.Sm.) Schltr.
ȼ
FMS20264
Corybas comptus J.Dransf. & G.Smith *
ȼ
-
Corybas holttumii J.Dransf. & G.Smith *
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk.
ȼ
ȼ
Cymbidium roseum J.J.Sm.
ȼ
Cyrtosia javanica Blume
ȼ
ȼ
Dendrobium angustifolium (Blume) Lindl.
Dendrobium bifarium Lindl.
Dendrobium convexum (Blume) Lindl.
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.
Dendrobium erosum (Blume) Lindl.
Dendrobium foxii Ridl. *
Dendrobium geminatum (Blume) Lindl.
CO
Dendrobium heterocarpum Lindl.
NYJ228
-
ȼ
MFK059
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ213
-
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ143
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ166; NYJ177;
NYJ205
ȼ
ȼ
BCS10785; BCS13972;
FRI44866; NYJ030;
OYS002; NYJ121;
SHA005
ȼ
ȼ
RR
Dendrobium hasseltii (Blume) Lindl.
NYJ245
NYJ246; SA713
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Corybas villosus J.Dransf. & G.Smith *#
NYJ244; RK1666
ȼ
D
Corybas selangorensis J.Dransf. & G.Smith *
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ132
-
BCS13948; BCS14145;
BCS15075; Chin1203;
FA006; FRI41662;
FRI53752; FRI60446;
KHE09039; NYJ041;
OYS042; RK457; RJ588;
SHA010
NYJ234
Dendrobium hughii Rchb.f. *
ȼ
-
Dendrobium kentrophyllum Hook.f.
ȼ
-
Dendrobium linguella Rchb.f.
Dendrobium longipes Hook.f.
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ134; NYJ175
ȼ
BCS12372;
BCS13523; FA013;
FA022; FRI40752;
FRI60479; KHE09037;
NYJ028; NYJ078;
NYJ120; NYJ173;
OYS045; RK1118;
SHA052; SHA061;
Y.K.Wong,78834
Dendrobium macropodum Hook.f.
ȼ
FA002; SHA012;
NYJ131; NYJ171;
NYJ202
Dendrobium pahangense Carr *
ȼ
UN
No.
Dendrobium peculiare J.J.Sm.
ȼ
Dendrobium plicatile Lindl.
Dendrobium roseatum Ridl. *
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ214; OYS046
BCS14052; NYJ209
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ227
NYJ229
Dendrobium rupicolum Ridl. *
ȼ
ȼ
FRI60561; OYS044
Dendrobium sociale J.J.Sm. ++
ȼ
ȼ
FRI60563; FRI60590;
NYJ164; NYJ174
Dendrochilum angustifolium Ridl.
ȼ
-
510
Current
study
Dendrochilum carnosum (Ridl.) Holttum *
ȼ
ȼ
BCS10749; FRI50921;
FRI60483; MS2996;
SHA015
Dendrochilum gracile (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.
ȼ
ȼ
BCS14047; FA004;
FRI38834; FRI60478;
FRI60488; FRI60495;
FRI60553; FRI60558;
NYJ106; NYJ110;
OYS035; SHA016
Dendrochilum gramineum (Ridl.) Holttum *
ȼ
ȼ
EC
Dendrochilum linearifolium Hook.f.
Dendrochilum odoratum (Ridl.) J.J.Sm. *
CO
RR
'HQGURFKLOXPSDOOLGHÁDYHQVBlume
New to
Genting
D
Previous
Study
Taxa
ȼ
Dendrochilum simile Blume
Specimens Cited
ȼ
BCS12376; FRI60482;
NYJ115; NYJ118;
SHA014
ȼ
BCS8412; BCS12377;
BCS15125; FRI58895;
FRI60487; HUM9018;
MCT007; NYJ109;
NYJ116; NYJ117;
NYJ191; WY078
ȼ
BCS8411; MFK002;
NYJ037; NYJ190;
OYS020
TE
No.
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ086; NYJ087;
NYJ112; OYS021;
OYS028; OYS040
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ129
Diglyphosa latifolia Blume
ȼ
Dilochia cantleyi (Hook.f.) Ridl.
ȼ
ȼ
BCS13763; FRI40679;
FRI44865; NYJ173;
SHA017; SHA022
Dilochiopsis scortechinii (Hook.f.) Brieger *
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ157; SHA006
Eria atrovinosa Carr
ȼ
Eria crassipes Ridl.
ȼ
Eria lamonganensis Rchb.f.
UN
Eria punctata J.J.Sm.
Eria valida Lindl.
-
ȼ
ȼ
A.Hamid 2330;
BCS12375; FRI40680;
NYJ180; SHA019
ȼ
NYJ208; NYJ216
ȼ
-
ȼ
-
Galeola nudifolia Lour.
ȼ
Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. Ex Sm.)
D. Don
ȼ
Hetaeria sp. A
ȼ
Hymenorchis javanica (Teijsm. & Binn.) Schltr.
++
ȼ
FRI16195
ȼ
MFK009; MFK050;
NYJ188
BCS14065
ȼ
Liparis cespitosa (Lam.) Lindl.
ȼ
Liparis gibbosa Finet
ȼ
-
Liparis viridicallus Holttum
ȼ
-
Microsaccus truncatus Carr *
ȼ
-
Mycaranthes oblitterata Blume
ȼ
MFK071; NYJ148
ȼ
BCS13909; MFK029
ȼ
FRI64092; MFK021;
MYJ083; NYJ167;
NYJ179; NYJ198;
NYJ217; OYS014
511
Oberonia padangensis Schltr.
Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr.
ȼ
Oxystophyllum atrorubens (Ridl.) M.A.Clem.
ȼ
Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Stein
Current
study
New to
Genting
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl.varSDUYLÁRUD
(Hook.f.) de Vogel *
ȼ
ȼ
Pholidota longibulba Holttum *
Pholidota ventricosa (Blume) Rchb.f.
Phreatia crassifolia Ridl. *
3KUHDWLDGHQVLÁRUD (Blume) Lindl.
Phreatia listrophoraRidl.
Phreatia plantaginifolia (Koen.) Ormerod
ȼ
Pilophyllum villosum (Blume) Schltr.
ȼ
MFK086
NYJ137
NYJ181
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
FRI42511; MCT015;
SHA023
NYJ130; NYJ178;
NYJ225; OYS019;
SHA018
NYJ085; NYJ224;
OYS018
ȼ
-
ȼ
-
ȼ
-
RR
Phreatia sulcata (Blume) J.J.Sm.
ȼ
MFK024
EC
TE
Pholidota gibbosa (Blume) de Vriese
NYJ210; NYJ215;
NYJ220
BCS13916
ȼ
Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl.var. carnea
Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl. var. pumila
(Ridl.) de Vogel *
Specimens Cited
D
Previous
Study
Taxa
ȼ
ȼ
FRI60552; NYJ238
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ197
ȼ
ȼ
BCS14180
-
ȼ
ȼ
BCS14061; FRI60554
Pinalia densa (Ridl.) W.Suarez & Cootes
ȼ
ȼ
BCS15076; FRI64060;
FRI67347; NYJ218;
OYS015
Pinalia elata (Hook.f.) Kuntze *
ȼ
ȼ
BCS13553; BCS15362;
FA007; FA019;
FRI41043; FRI41658;
FRI60489; NYJ039;
NYJ169; NYJ200;
SHA007; SHA058;
SHA064
Pinalia pachystachya (Lindl.) Kuntze
ȼ
ȼ
MFK040; NYJ133
ȼ
ȼ
BCS11692; Chin1204;
FA005; FA018;
FRI60475; KHE09036;
MFK005; MK1152;
NYJ031; NYJ080;
SHA004; SS19
Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f.
ȼ
BCS12031-A
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & Sweet
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ221
Pteroceras compressum (Blume) Holttum
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ182
CO
Pinalia appendiculata (Blume) Kuntze
UN
No.
Platanthera angustata (Blume) Lindl.
Schoenorchis micrantha Blume
ȼ
6FKRHQRUFKLVPLQXWLÁRUD(Ridl.) J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis aurea Lindl.
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
ȼ
MFK033; MFK051;
NYJ183
FA012; FRI60456;
FRI60565; KHE09035;
MS2965; NYJ122;
OYS001; OYS032;
SHA003; SHA070
512
Previous
Study
Taxa
Spathoglottis plicata Blume
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames
ȼ
Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume
ȼ
Thrixspermum brevicapsularis Holttum *
ȼ
ȼ
Thrixspermum scortechinii (Hook.f.) Ridl.
ȼ
FRI51456; FRI51512;
FRI51514; MFK061;
NYJ103; OYS031
MFK052; NYJ187
-
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ192
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ095; NYJ144
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ136
ȼ
ȼ
NYJ168
FRI64210
ȼ
Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze
Specimens Cited
FRI51563; NYJ042;
NYJ092; NYJ203;
SA759; SHA050
ȼ
7KUL[VSHUPXPSDXFLÁRUXP(Hook.f.) Ridl.
Trichotosia ferox Blume
ȼ
EC
TE
Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) J.J.Sm.
Thrixspermum centipeda Lour.
New to
Genting
ȼ
Thelasis macrobulbon Ridl.
Thelasis sp. ++
Current
study
D
No.
ȼ
Gunung Ulu Kali, 1967,
G. Hadley, collection
number n.a. (KLU)
ȼ
ȼ
A.G.Piggott 2708;
NYJ158
FRI40591
ȼ
-
Vanilla kinabaluensis Carr
ȼ
-
Total
RR
Trichotosia teysmannii (J.J.Sm.) Kraenzl.
CO
Legends
* endemic to Peninsular Malaysia according to Turner (1995)
and Govaerts et al. (2008)
# endemic to Genting Highlands according to Turner (1995) and
Govaerts et al. (2008)
++ new to Peninsular Malaysia
1RWHVIRUXQLGHQWLÀHGVSHFLHV
Agrostophyllum sp. A This plant has stem about 5 mm wide, much
ÁDWWHQHGWRZDUGVDSH[ZLWKLWVOHDYHVWR[FPVKLQQLQJ
pale green, linear.
UN
Bulbophyllum sp. A Pseudobulbs oval, yellow to orange, at right
angle of woody rhizome. Leaves 3-5 cm x 6-8 mm, coriaceous.
the phenomenon is also observed in Genting Highlands.
A total of 29 species known to be endemic to Peninsular
Malaysia were found with 19 rediscovered in the current
study. The other 10 species not found during the current
study were either known from poor specimen collection
RUFROOHFWHGRQFHGLVSODFHGLGHQWLW\RUPLVLGHQWLÀHG7KLV
study was not able to clarify these issues due to lack of
information on the specimens cited. The current study
also observed one narrowly endemic species Corybas
villosus in small population growing among the thinning
Sphagnum mosses carpet at the peak of Gunung Ulu Kali.
The population size and physical environmental condition
indicate the conservation status of this species is critically
endangered or even vulnarable to extinction. Authorities
responsible for maintainning biodiversity in the highland,
Forestry Departments of Peninsular Malaysia through their
enactment that declared forest found 1000 m and above are
82
93
43
Inflorescence mush longer, bearing many sweet-scented,
JUHHQLVK\HOORZVPDOOÁRZHUV
Bulbophyllum sp. B This plant has distinctive characteristic
where its leaf narrowed abruptly at the base and form a stalk 5-9
FPORQJ,QÁRUHVFHQFHXVXDOO\ORQJHUFP)ORZHUVVPDOO
translucent pale yellow, the lip darker.
Hetaeria sp. A The herbarium specimen examined without
RSHQHGÁRZHUPDNHVWKHVSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDWLRQQRWSRVVLEOH
Stem less than 10 cm long, with a few leaves attached 1-3 cm
apart along its length. Leaves to 14 x 4 cm, elliptic, with stalk
about 5 cm long.
totally protected forest, should collabrate with scientists
to safeguard these endemic species for assurance of their
existence in the future.
The high number of new records found during this
study was expected considering the 30 years gap between
current and previous study (Stone 1981). In the past
30 years, the robust development together with global
climate change could change the species composition.
Some species will be lost due to unfavourable growth
environment and some others were newly established and
ÁRXULVKHGZLWKFKDQJHVRIFOLPDWLFHOHPHQWV$QRWKHU
possibility was that some of the species were overlooked
RUPLVVLGHQWLÀHGGXULQJWKHHDUOLHUVWXG\
Seven species (Appendicula uncata, Dendrobium
crumenatum, Dendrobium heterocarpum, Dendrobium
pahangense, Dendrobium rupicolum, Dendrobium sociale,
Pholidota longibulba) are among the new records found
513
D
area of Genting Highlands. This evidence supported our
hypothesis that temperature rise due to global climate
change also impacted the local environment that creates
a favorable condition for lowland species to flourish.
Species are able to migrate to higher elevation with higher
temperature, where they are usually found in open areas of
Genting Highlands. These open areas have temperatures
2-3°C higher than under forest canopy thus favorable for
the lowland species growth. Some of the newly recorded
species are shown in Plate 1. Most of the species recorded
in previous study were without specimen cited as they are
from published literatures and books. A complete specimen
cited information are list in the Appendix.
UN
CO
RR
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growing on the cliff at the abandoned construction project
where the vegetation cover has been removed. This area
is exposed to direct sunlight and wind, thus having lower
humidity and temperature 2-3°C higher than under forest
canopy. The changes of physical environment in Genting
Highlands created some new niche favorable for certain
species to thrive.
$YHU\LQWHUHVWLQJÀQGLQJZDVWKDWVRPHORZODQG
species are now migrating to the cloud forest areas.
Appendicula uncata, Dendrobium crumenatum, Phreatia
plantaginifolia, Thelasis micrantha and Thrixspermum
trichoglottis are species of lowland area of Peninsular
0DOD\VLDZKLFKDUHQRZIRXQGÁRXULVKLQJLQWKHVXPPLW
PLATE 1. Some orchid
species found in Genting
Highlands. A. Corybas
holttumii; B. Corybas
carinatus; C. Corybas
villosus (endemic); D.
Bulbophyllum; E. Pholidota
carnea; F. Cryptostylis
arachnites; G. Ceratostylis
eria; H. Coelogyne radicosa;
I. Paphiopedilum lowii; J.
Dendrochilum gracile; K.
Arundina graminifolia; L.
Spathoglottis aurea; M.
Dendrobium hasseltii; N.
Bulbophyllum angustifolium
and O. Dendrobium longipes
514
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The cloud forest areas in Genting Highlands have been
seriously fragmented by road and facilities construction.
7KHVPDOOSRSXODWLRQRIPDQ\RUFKLGVSHFLHVUHÁHFWHG
the consequences of those activities. Most of the species
found were in a small population or only represented by
IHZLQGLYLGXDOV,QJHQHUDOWKHRUFKLGÁRUDGLYHUVLW\LQWKH
summit region of Genting Highlands has undergone drastic
changes with many montane restricted species being
missing and many lowlands species thriving. In a nutshell,
Genting Highlands’s summit region is still favourable
for orchid growth. However, threats from the changing
environment could further enhance pressure to slow
adapting species that might cause local extinction. It would
be a great loss if some of these species extinct before they
are even known and appreciated. Therefore, the inventory
of species in this type of vegetation is very important for
other parts of Malaysia. The destruction of forested areas
is a continuous process in Peninsular Malaysia and that
GHÀQLWHO\ZLOOFDXVHVSHFLHVORVV7RSUHYHQWWKLVGLVDVWHU
awareness among the public on biodiversity conservation
is very important. As for Genting Highlands, the Genting
Malaysia Berhad should actively involve with effort
towards conserving biodiversity in this region not only
for the country but also for their livelihood. A cleared
IRUHVWXVXDOO\VLJQLÀHVLQFUHDVHGRIWHPSHUDWXUH/RZ
temperature is the main reason visitors came to Genting
Highlands and without it; Genting Malaysia Berhad might
not be as money spinning as they are currently.
Comber, J.B. 1990. Orchids of Java. Royal Botanic Gardens.
Kew: Bentham-Moxon Trust.
Comber, J.B. 2001. Orchids of Sumatra. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah:
Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.
Genting Malaysia Berhad. 2010. <www.gentingmalaysia.com>.
Accessed on 27 January 2010.
Govaerts, R., Pfahl, J., Campacci, M.A., Holland Baptista, D.,
Tigges, H., Shaw, J., Cribb, P., George, A., Kreuz, K. &
Wood, J. 2008. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board
of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Holttum, R.E. 1964. A Revised Flora of Malaya. Volume I:
Orchids of Malaya. 3rd ed. Singapore: Government Printing
2IÀFH
Singapore: Kamarulzaman, N.A., Razali, S.M. & Ainudin,
A.N. 2009. Microclimate of tropical montane cloud forest
in Genting Highlands. International conference on Water
Resources, Langkawi, Kedah.
Piggott, A.G. 1977. The ferns of Gunung Ulu Kali. Gardens
Bulletin Singapore 30: 31-43.
Raxworthy, C.J., Pearson, R.G., Rabibisoa, N., Rakotondrazafyw,
A.M., Wu, S., Nussbaum, R.A. & Stone, D.A. 2008.
Extinction Vulnerability of Tropical Montane Endemism
from Warming and Upslope Displacement: A Preliminary
Appraisal for The Highest Massif in Madagascar. Global
Change Biology 14: 1703–1720.
Ridley, H.N. 1924. The Flora of The Malay Peninsular. Volume
IV: Monocotyledones. London. L. Reeve & Co., LTD. 383.
Rusea, G. & Khali-Aziz, H. 2008. Orchid of the Peat Swamp
Forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Peat Swamp Forest Project,
UNDP/GEF funded (MAL/99/G31). 136.
Rusea, G., Tang C.H., Lim M.Y.L., Phoon S.N., Yong W.S.Y. &
Abdullah J.O.. 2009. Malaysian limestone orchids status:
diversity, threat and conservation. Blume 54: 109 -116.
Rusea, G., Yong, W.S.Y., Joanes, U. & Ridzuan, S. 2010. Orchids
of Perlis, Jewels in the Forests. Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri
Perlis and Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Salifah Hasanah, A.B., Rusea, G. & Muskhazli, M. 2009. New
Records of Terrestrial Pteridophytes in Genting Highlands,
Pahang, Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural
Science, 32(2): 169-174.
Seidenfaden, G. & Wood, J.J. 1992. The orchids of Peninsular
Malaysia and Singapore – A revision of R.E. Holttum:
Orchids of Malaya. Fredensborg: Olsen & Olsen.
Stadtmuller, T. 1986. Cloud Forests in the Humid Tropics: A
Bibliographic Review. The United Nation University.
6WRQH%&7KHVXPPLWÁRUDRI*XQXQJ8OX.DOL 3DKDQJ
Malaysia). Federation Museums Journal 26 (1):157.
Teo, K.H. 1985. Native Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia.
Singapore: Times Books International.
Topik, H., Yukawa, T. & Ito, M. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics
of subtribe Aeridinae (Orchidaceae): Insights from plastid
matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. J. Plant Res.
118 (4): 271-284.
Turner, I.M. 1995. A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya.
The Gardens’ Bulletin 47 (1): 757.
Whitmore, T.C. & Burnham, C.P. 1969. The altitudinal sequence
of forests and soils on granite near Kuala Lumpur. Malayan
Nature Journal 22: 99-118.
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CONCLUSION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The above study was made possible through the generosity
of many individuals and agencies. Firstly we would like
to acknowledge the Government of Malaysia through the
Ministry of Higher Education, for the research grants,
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme project number
07-11-08-606FR and Research University Grant Scheme
project number 05-04-08-0556RU. We would also extend
our gratitude to the curator of Singapore Botanical Garden
herbarium (SING), RBG Kew Herbarium (KEW), University
of Malaya Herbarium (KLU), FRIM herbarium (KEP), and
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia herbarium (UKMB) for
allowing us to study their specimens and other assistance
during the study.
REFERENCES
Bridson, D. & Forman, L. 1992. The Herbarium Handbook.
Great Britain: Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd.
Burgess, P.F. 1969. Ecological factors in hill and mountain
forests of the states of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 22:
119-128.
Chua, L.S.L. & Saw, L.G. 2001. A reassessment of the Flora of
Gunung Ulu Kali, Genting Highlands, Malaysia – Preliminary
Findings and Trends. Malayan Nature Journal 55 (1&2):
65-76.
Ng Yong Jin, Khor Hong Eng, Farah Alia Nordin, Rusea Go,
Rosimah Nulit, Tan Mui Ching
Department of Biology
Faculty of Science
515
Lee Nam Sook
Dept. of Biology
College of Natural Sciences
Ewha Womans University,
Seoul, KOREA
*Corresponding author: email: go_rusea@yahoo.com
Received: 4 August 2011
Accepted: 2 November 2011
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Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products
Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Sedang, Selangor
Malaysia
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Universiti Putra Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Sedang, Selangor
Malaysia
516
Appendix: Specimens Examined.
Acriopsis ridleyi Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 057, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 240, 12/2/2011 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, opposite Sri Genting Villa, in montane forest, B.C. Stone & D. Jones, BCS 15331,
18/10/1982 (KLU).
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D
Agrostophyllum cyathiforme J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Raub, Upper Tras Valley, under Frasers Hill, I.H. Burkill, 7877, 27/9/1922
(SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.C. Tan, MCT 002, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 136, 27/5/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 160, 29/6/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 223, 15/11/2010 (UPM). SELANGOR: Gombak,
Rawang, Rewang Stream, H.N. Ridley, collection number n.a., May 1891 (SING).
Agrostophyllum glumaceum Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Gombak, Rawang, H.N. Ridley, collection number n.a., 1847 (SING); Sungai
Teku, R.E. Holttum, 20558, 25/8/1928 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 195, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
Agrostophyllum longifolium (Blume) Rchb.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Gunung Berembun, H.N. Ridley, 13039,
colletion date n.a. (SING); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, A.H. Batten Pooll, collection number n.a., November 1939
(SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 230, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
RR
Agrostophyllum majus Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 159, 29/6/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 196, 3/9/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 222, 15/11/2010 (UPM). PENANG: George Town, North East district, Government Hill, top
of Government Hill, C. Curtis, collection number n.a., November 1890 (SING).
CO
Agrostophyllum stipulatum subsp. bicuspidatum (J.J.Sm.) Schuit.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 080, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 009, 15/12/2009 (UPM).
Agrostophyllum stipulatum subsp. stipulatum (Griff.) Schltr.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 194, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
UN
Agrostophyllum sp. A
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 235, 28/3/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 233, 16/11/2010 (UPM).
Appendicula uncata Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside near telekom tower, S.N.
Phoon, FRI 60500, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 017, 15/12/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 193, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, summit of G. Chin Chin, near the army base-camp,
A. Noorsiha, S. Kamarudin & B. Baya, FRI 41051, 16/1/1994 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, hilly
slope, Syahida Emiza, FRI 51458, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside near telekom
tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60494, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 011, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, H.E. Khor, KHE 09034, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 060, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 006, 2009 (UPM).
517
Bulbophyllum angustifolium (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Soepadmo, HUM 9020, 4/4/1968
(KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a., 15/8/1967 (KLU); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, J.B. Lowry, 452, 24/8/1971 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS
15073, 14/3/1982 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.M.J. van Balgooy nr, 7136, 2/3/1996 (KEP);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 206, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
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Bulbophyllum brevipes Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., 1913 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, BKSK 0913, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 002, 12/6/2009 (UPM).
Bulbophyllum gibbosum (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., 1912 (SING).
Bulbophyllum obtusum (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60481, 24/3/2008
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60493, 25/3/2008 (KEP).
Bulbophyllum stormii J.J.Sm
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone & M.G. Manuel, BCS
14049, 18/3/1979 (KLU).
RR
%XOERSK\OOXPXQLÁRUXP (Blume) Hassk.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., 1913 (SING).
CO
Bulbophyllum sp. A
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 042, 2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 020, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 060, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin,
SHA 061, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 114, 26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 156, 29/6/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 165, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
UN
Bulbophyllum sp. B
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali, 23705, 12/10/1974 (UKMB);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 067, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 232, 16/11/2010 (UPM).
Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 036, 10/9/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 007, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 212, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
Ceratostylis ampullacea Kraenzl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 15072, 14/3/1982
(KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.C. Chin, Chan 1209, 12/7/1971 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
*8OX.DOL-'UDQVÀHOG ./8 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOL$71RU(]]DZDQLV)5,
52580, 16/2/2007 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 043, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong,
*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOLQHDU&KLQ6ZHHWHPSOHU0ÀGUDXV0). 830 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 207, 3/9/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
226, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Ceratostylis eria Govaerts
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, C.L. Chan & B.C. Stone, BCS
13539, 22/12/1977 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14141, 16/9/1979 (KLU);
518
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 67344, 16/2/2009 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 023, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 034, 10/9/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 005, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 022, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA
008, 12/6/2009 (UPM).
EC
TE
D
Ceratostylis lancifolia Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Jerantut, Gunung Tahan, R.E. Holttum, 20686, 31/8/1928 (SING); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14182, 4/11/1979 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 140, 27/5/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
146, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
Ceratostylis pulchella Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, trails to Bt. Tunggul, 1566 m, B. Perumal, C.L.
Gan, Angan & Bedul, FRI 41659, 18/1/1994 (KEP); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Taman Sedia, originally collected
from G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 64085, 15/10/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 088,
15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 033, 15/12/2009 (UPM).
Ceratostylis subulata Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, JOHOR: Pontian Kecil, E.J.H. Corner, 1116, July 1939 (SING). PAHANG: Raub, Fraser’s
Hill, C.E. Carr, 408, November 1930 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside next to telekom tower,
S.N. Phoon, FRI 60551, 25/3/2008 (KEP).
RR
Chelonistele sulphurea %OXPH 3ÀW]HU
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
6/8/1967 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S. Anthonysamy, SA 329, 1980 (KEP); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, L.S.L. Chua, FRI 40674, 24/6/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 153, 29/6/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 161, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
CO
Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Mengkuang, J.K. Wong, 78822, 16/6/1959
(KEP).
UN
Coelogyne kaliana P.J.Cribb
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOL-'UDQVÀHOG ./8
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M. Shah & M. Ali, MS 2963, 11/6/1973 (KEP, SING); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14123-A, 5/8/1979 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A.
Faiz, FA 003, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 154, 29/6/2010 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 162, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
Coelogyne prasina Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M. Jutta, FRI 54165, 19/11/2006
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, abandoned land opposite telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60555,
25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.C. Tan, MCT 011, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 058, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 041, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 011, 15/12/2009
(UPM).
Coelogyne radicosa Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
6/9/1967 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali Jaman, 0398, 12/10/1974 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 13971, 12/10/1977 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Hassan
& D. Jones, collection number n.a., 10/4/1981 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS
15074, 14/3/1982 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, trail to Bt. Tunggul, 1500 m, B. Perumal, C.L. Gan, Angan &
Bedul, FRI 41660, 18/1/1994 (KEP); G. Ulu Kali, K. Imin, FRI 50569, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands,
Taman Sedia, originally collected from G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 58894, 22/4/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60480, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, tree branches at the
519
D
roadside, near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60485, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N.
Phoon, FRI 60492, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon,
FRI 60498, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60499, 25/3/2008 (KEP);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 001, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin
Chin, A. Faiz, FA 020, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 037, 18/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 001, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 011, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J.
Ng, NYJ 033, 10/9/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 119, 26/3/2010 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 128, 27/5/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 199, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Taman Sedia, originally collected from G.
Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 64090, 15/10/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.C. Tan, MCT 001, 2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 211, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
Corybas carinatus (J.J.Sm.) Schltr.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Kalong, FMS 20264, 25/9/1929
(KEP).
Corybas holttumii J.Dransf. & G.Smith
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, R. Kiew, RK 1666, 30/3/1985
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 244, 15/12/2009 (UPM).
RR
Corybas selangorensis J.Dransf. & G.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 245,
29/6/2010 (UPM).
CO
Corybas villosus J.Dransf. & G.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali, collection number n.a.,
12/10/1974 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S. Anthony, SA 713, 1/10/1986 (KEP); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, Gunung Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 246, 16/11/2010 (UPM).
UN
Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 10785, 26/6/1977
(KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 13972, 12/10/1978 (KLU); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, L.G. Saw, FRI 44866, 25/6/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng,
NYJ 030, 10/9/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 002, 2009 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 005, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari
Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 121, 26/3/2010 (UPM).
Cymbidium roseum J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 228, 15/11/2010
(UPM).
Dendrobium angustifolium (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 059, 16/12/2009 (UPM).
Dendrobium bifarium Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 213, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
Dendrobium cf. connatum (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60556, 25/3/2008
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60564, 25/3/2008 (KEP).
520
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 132, 27/5/2010
(UPM).
Dendrobium foxii Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 143, 27/5/2010
(UPM).
EC
TE
D
Dendrobium geminatum (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 166, 29/6/2010 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 177, 19/7/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 205, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
RR
Dendrobium hasseltii (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
15/8/1967 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, below Dacrydium forest, J.B. Lowry, 135884, 17/10/1968
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.C. Chin, 1203, 12/7/1971 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Ulu Kali, J.B. Lowry, 451, 1971 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali, RJ 588, 12/10/1974 (UKMB);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, the road to telekom tower, I482MK, 8/9/1977 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali, RJ 457, 23/11/1979 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone,
BCS 13948, 17/9/1978 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14145, 16/9/1979 (KLU);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 15075, 14/3/1982 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, trail
to Bt. Tunggul, B. Perumal, C.L. Gan, Angan & Bedul, FRI 41662, 18/1/1994 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Ulu Kali, M.Y. Chew, FRI 53752, 12/9/2007 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60446,
26/11/2007 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 006, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, H.E. Khor, KHE 09039, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
041, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 042, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 010, 12/6/2009 (UPM).
CO
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 234, 15/11/2010
(UPM).
Dendrobium linguella Rchb.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 134, 27/5/2010 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 175, 19/7/2010 (UPM);
UN
Dendrobium longipes Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.K. Wong, 78834, 28/3/1959 (KEP);
%HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOL-'UDQVÀHOG ./8 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOL
summit, M. Shah, 2957, 11/6/1973 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Razali Jaman, 37R, 12/10/1974
(UKMB); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, C.L. Chan & B.C. Stone, BCS 13523, 22/12/1977 (KLU); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 12372, 14/4/1978 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, R.
Kiew, RK 1118, 8/2/1982 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, L.S.L. Chua, FRI 40752, 25/1/1999 (KEP);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60479, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 013, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 022, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, H.E. Khor, KHE 09037, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 045, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA
052, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 061, 18/12/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 028, 10/9/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari
Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 078, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 120,
26/3/2010 (UPM).
Dendrobium macropodum Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 002, 14/11/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 012, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 131, 27/5/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
171, 29/6/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 202, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
521
Dendrobium pahangense Carr
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 046, 18/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 214, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
D
Dendrobium peculiare J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Cameron Highlands, growing on introduced conifers at entrance of Parit Falls,
Sungai Bertam, 4700 ft., G.P. Lewis, 199, 1977 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone & K.
Pearce, BCS 14052, 18/3/1979 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 209, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
Dendrobium plicatile Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 227, 15/11/2010
(UPM).
Dendrobium roseatum Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., January 1913 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 229, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Dendrobium rupicolum Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60561, 25/3/2008
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 044, 18/12/2009 (UPM).
RR
Dendrobium sociale J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60563, 25/3/2008
(KEP); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Mr. Tay’s nursery, originally collected from Simpang Pulai - Cameron Highlands,
S.N. Phoon, FRI 60590, 27/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 164, 29/6/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 174, 19/7/2010 (UPM).
CO
Dendrochilum carnosum (Ridl.) Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang Lebah, H.C. Robinson,
22/1/1913 (SING); Jerantut, Gunung Benom, F.M.S. Mus. Coll., collection number n.a., 27/7/1925 (SING); Jerantut,
Gunung Tahan, Anonymous, 20647, 29/8/1928 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.K. Wong,
78830, 28/3/1959 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a., July 1967 (KLU);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M. Shah & M. Ali, MS 2996, 12/6/1973 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, trail to army base-camp, K. Imin, FRI 50921, 16/2/2007 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
B.C. Stone, BCS 10749, 11/5/1972 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI
60483, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 015, 12/6/2009 (UPM).
UN
Dendrochilum gracile (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, F.M.S. Mus. Coll., collection number n.a.,
15/10/1923 (SING); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, M.R. Henderson, collection number n.a., 15/4/1930 (SING); Bukit
Kamunting Road, H.M. Burkill, HMB2860, 10/10/1961 (SING); Raub, Fraser’s Hill, Jeriau Waterfall Jungle, M. Shah,
MS2786, 1/9/1972 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G, Ulu Kali, M. Shah, MS2996, 12/6/1973 (SING); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14047, 18/3/1979 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
near telekom tower, L.S.L. Chua, FRI 38834, 23/4/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon,
FRI 60478, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, tree branches at the roadside, near telekom
tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60488, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside near telekom tower,
S.N. Phoon, FRI 60495, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside next to telekom tower,
S.N. Phoon, FRI 60553, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, earthy embarkment in front of an
abandoned project, opposite telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60558, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 004, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 035, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 050, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 016, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
106, 26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 110, 26/3/2010 (UPM).
Dendrochilum gramineum (Ridl.) Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 12376, 14/4/1976
(KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, tree branches at the roadside, near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI
60482, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 014, 12/6/2009 (UPM);
522
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 115, 26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 118, 26/3/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
D
Dendrochilum linearifolium Hook.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, summit, Soepadmo, HUM 9018,
4/4/1968 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 8412, 7/3/1969 (KLU); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 12377, 14/4/1976 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Hassan
'-RQHVFROOHFWLRQQXPEHUQD 8.0% %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOLPRQWDQHHOÀQIRUHVW
B.C. Stone, BCS 15125, 4/4/1982 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, W.K. Tan, 9, 9/5/1991 (SING);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, Joanes & Wendy Yong, WY 078, 13/4/2003 (KEP); Tanah Rata, Cameron
Highlands, Taman Sedia originally collected from G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 58895, 22/4/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, tree branches at the roadside, near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60487, 24/3/2008 (KEP);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.C. Tan, MCT 007, 26/2/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 021, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 109,
26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 116, 26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 117, 26/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 191, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
RR
Dendrochilum odoratum (Ridl.) J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Raub, Fraser’s Hill, near Methodist Mission, 4000 ft., M. Shah and M. Noor,
MS677, 26/8/1959 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 8411, 7/3/1969 (KLU); Raub,
Fraser’s Hill, path to Pine Tree Hill, R. Kiew, RK3327B, 27/9/1991 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 002, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J.
Ng, NYJ 037, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 020, 15/12/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 051, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 190, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
CO
'HQGURFKLOXPSDOOLGHÁDYHQV Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, JOHOR: Kota Tinggi, Sungai Sedili, E.J.H. Corner, 25899, 29/7/1932 (SING). PAHANG:
Raub, Fraser’s Hill, Pine Tree Hill, 4800 ft., R.E. Holttum, 21552, 21/3/1929 (SING); Cameron Highlands, Robinson
Fall, R.E. Holttum and M.R. Henderson, 23257, 31/3/1930 (SING); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, earthy embarkment
outside Equatorial Hotel, S.N. Phoon, FRI60603, 27/3/2008 (KEP, SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 086, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 087, 15/12/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 112, 26/3/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 021, 15/12/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 028, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 040, 18/12/2009 (UPM). PERAK: Kuala Kangsar,
Gunung Bubu, 5000 ft., L. Wray, 3901, March 1890 (SING).
UN
Dendrochilum simile Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 129, 27/5/2010
(UPM).
Dilochia cantleyi (Hook.f.) Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
./8 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOL-'UDQVÀHOG ./8 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 13763, 11/6/1978 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Purun, L.S.L.
Chua, FRI 40679, 25/7/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, L.G. Saw, FRI 44865, 25/6/1997 (KEP);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 017, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 022, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
173, 19/7/2010 (UPM).
Dilochiopsis scortechinii (Hook.f.) Brieger
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., 1913 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 006, 12/6/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 157, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
Eria crassipes Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Cameron Highlands, Gunung Berembun, 6000 ft., R.E. Holttum and M.R.
523
Henderson, 23401, 4/4/1930 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, 5000 ft., A. Hamid, 2330, 21/7/1974 (UKMB);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 12375, 14/4/1976 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Purun, L.S.L. Chua, FRI 40680, 25/7/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA
019, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 180, 19/7/2010 (UPM).
D
Eria lamonganensis Rchb.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 208, 3/9/2010 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 216, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
Galeola nudifolia Lour.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near road cutting, K.K. Kochumen,
FRI 16195, 27/9/1970 (KEP).
Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) D.Don
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 009, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 050,
16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 188, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
Hetaeria sp. A
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, summit zone, mossy montane forest,
B.C. Stone, BCS 14065, 31/3/1979 (KLU).
RR
Hymenorchis javanica (Teijsm. & Binn.) Schltr.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 071, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 148,
29/6/2010 (UPM).
Liparis cespitosa (Lam.) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 13909, 30/7/1978
(KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 029, 2009 (UPM).
UN
CO
Mycaranthes oblitterata Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Taman Sedia, originally collected from G.
Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 64092, 15/10/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer,
M. Fidraus, MFK 021, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 014, 15/12/2009 (UPM);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 083, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 167, 29/6/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 179, 19/7/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 198, 3/9/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 217, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Oberonia padangensis Schltr.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 210, 15/11/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 215, 3/9/2010 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 220, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, mossy montane forest, M.G. Manuel
& B.C. Stone, BCS 13916, 30/7/1978 (KLU)
Oxystophyllum atrorubens (Ridl.) M.A.Clem.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 024, 2009 (UPM).
Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Stein
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 086, 11/6/2009 (UPM).
524
Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl. var. carnea
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Raub, Fraser’s Hill, C.E. Carr, FMS96, September 1929 (SING); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a., 1968 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu
Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 137, 27/5/2009 (UPM);
D
3KROLGRWDFDUQHDYDUSDUYLÁRUD (Hook.f.) de Vogel
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
6/8/1967 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 181, 19/7/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
Pholidota carnea var. pumila (Ridl.) de Vogel
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, 1758 m, S. Kamarudin, FRI 42511,
23/4/1997 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, M.C. Tan, MCT 015, 26/2/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 023, 12/6/2009 (UPM).
Pholidota gibbosa (Blume) Lindl. ex de Vriese
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 019, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 018, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 130, 27/5/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ
178, 19/7/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 225, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Pholidota longibulba Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 018, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 085, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 224, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
RR
Phreatia listrophora Ridl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside next to telekom tower, S.N.
Phoon, FRI 60552, 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 238, 12/2/2011 (UPM).
CO
Phreatia plantaginifolia (Koen.) Ormerod
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 197, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
Phreatia sulcata (Blume) J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, B.C. Stone, BCS 14180, 4/11/1979
(KLU).
UN
Pinalia appendiculata (Blume) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, on trail to Gunung Lari Tembakau,
B.C. Stone, BCS 14061, 18/3/1979 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside next to telekom tower,
S.N. Phoon, FRI 60554, 25/3/2008 (KEP).
Pinalia densa (Ridl.) W.Suarez & Cootes
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, 1750 m, B.C. Stone, BCS 15076,
14/3/1982 (KLU); Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Taman Sedia, originally collected from G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI
64060, 29/8/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 67347, 18/2/2009 (KEP); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 015, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.J. Ng, NYJ 218, 15/11/2010 (UPM).
Pinalia elata (Hook.f.) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, J.B. Lowry, 450, 24/8/1971 (KLU);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, mossy forest, B.C. Stone, BCS 13553, 29/1/1978 (KLU); Bentong, Genting
+LJKODQGV*8OX.DOLPRQWDQHHOÀQZRRGWKLFNHWV%&6WRQH%&6 ./8 %HQWRQJ*HQWLQJ
Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, trail to the summit, 1720 m, A. Noorsiha, S. Kamarudin & B. Baya, FRI 41043, 15/1/1994
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, trail to Bt. Tunggul, B. Perumal, C.L. Gan, Angan & Bedul, FRI 41658, 17/1/1994
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside near telekom tower, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60489, 24/3/2008
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 007, 14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
525
Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 019, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 007,
12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 058, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 064, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari
Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 039, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 169,
29/6/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 200, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
D
Pinalia pachystachya (Lindl.) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 040, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 133, 27/5/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
Platanthera angustata (Blume) Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, near the Selangor border, S.C. Chin, 1204,
12/7/1971 (KLU); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, summit, B.C. Stone, BCS 11692, 27/1/1974 (KLU); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, road to telekom tower, M. Kasim, MK 1152, 7/7/1974 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, 1770 m, Sahdan bin Salim, SS 19, 30/11/1980 (UKMB); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near the
entrance road, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60475, 24/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 005,
14/11/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 018, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, H.E. Khor, KHE 09036, 2/2/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau,
Shahrudin, SHA 004, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 055, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 031, 10/9/2009 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 080, 15/12/2009 (UPM).
RR
Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, peat under ericaceous scrub, B.C.
Stone, BCS 12031-A, 21/8/1974 (KLU).
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & Sweet
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 221, 15/11/2010
(UPM).
CO
Pteroceras compressum (Blume) Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng,
NYJ 182, 30/7/2010 (UPM).
UN
6FKRHQRUFKLVPLQXWLÁRUD (Ridl.) J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 033, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus, MFK 051,
16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 183, 30/7/2010
(UPM).
Spathoglottis aurea Lindl.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, summit, M. Shah & M. Ali, MS 2965,
12/6/1973 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 60456, 4/2/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting
Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, earthy embarkment in front of an abandoned project, opposite telekom tower, , S.N. Phoon, FRI
60565 25/3/2008 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Chin Chin, A. Faiz, FA 012, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong,
Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, H.E. Khor, KHE 09035, 2/2/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali,
Y.S. Ooi, OYS 001, 2009 (UPM); G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 032, 15/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.
Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin, SHA 003, 12/6/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin,
SHA 070, 18/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 122, 26/3/2010 (UPM).
Spathoglottis plicata Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, roadside, exposed rocky slope,
S. Syahida Emiza, FRI 51456, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near telekom tower, A.R.
Ummuh Nazrah, FRI 51512, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near telekom tower, A.R.
Ummuh Nazrah, FRI 51514, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer,
M. Fidraus, MFK 061, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.S. Ooi, OYS 031, 15/12/2009
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 103, 26/3/2010 (UPM).
526
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S. Anthony, SA 759, 20/2/1987
(KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, S.N. Phoon, FRI 51563, 22/3/2006 (KEP); Bentong, Genting Highlands,
G.Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 042, 21/10/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.Lari Tembakau, Shahrudin,
SHA 050, 2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 092, 5/3/2010
(UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 203, 3/9/2010 (UPM).
EC
TE
D
Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, M. Fidraus,
MFK 052, 16/12/2009 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, near Chin Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 187,
3/9/2010 (UPM).
Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) J.J.Sm.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 192, 3/9/2010
(UPM).
Thelasis sp.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, inside the compound of Chin Swee
templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 095, 5/3/2010 (UPM); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, inside the compound of Chin
Swee templer, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 144, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
Thrixspermum brevicapsularis Holttum
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata, originally collected from G. Ulu
Kali, P.T. Ong, FRI 64210, 14/5/2008 (KEP).
RR
Thrixspermum cf. calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Thrixspermum cf. centipeda Lour
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, KELANTAN: Gua Musang, Kuala Relai, M. Haniff and M. Nur, 10218, 31/1/1923 (SING).
PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G.Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 136, 27/5/2010 (UPM).
CO
ThrixspermumFISDXFLÁRUXP +RRNf.) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 168, 29/6/2010
(UPM).
Thrixspermum scortechinii (Hook.f.) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, G. Hadley, collection number n.a.,
15/8/1967 (KLU).
UN
Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, A.G. Piggott, 2708, 2/3/1981 (KLU);
Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Lari Tembakau, Y.J. Ng, NYJ 158, 29/6/2010 (UPM).
Trichotosia ferox Blume
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, PAHANG: Bentong, Genting Highlands, Gunung Mengkuang, H.C. Robinson, collection
number n.a., 20/1/1913 (SING); Bentong, Genting Highlands, G. Ulu Kali, summit, L.S.L. Chua, FRI 40591, 25/9/1998
(KEP).
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