Mycol. Res. 102 (1) : 19–29 (1998) 19 Printed in the United Kingdom Some coelomycetes from Central Brazil C. F U R L A N E T T O A N D J. C. D I A N E S E Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de BrasıU lia, 70910-900 BrasıU lia, DF, Brazil As part of an inventory of mycodiversity in the Brazilian Cerrado new coelomycetes were collected and are herein described : Phyllosticta xylopiae-sericeae sp. nov., Dinemasporium duguetiae sp. nov., Harknessia salvertiana sp. nov., Harknessia qualeae sp. nov. on living leaves of Xylopia sericea, Duguetia furfuracea, Salvertia convallariodora, and Qualea grandiflora, respectively. Pseudothiopsella hirtellae is reported on a new host, Hirtella gracilipes, and for the first time illustrated in detail. In the Cerrado of Brazil 174 species of coelomycetes distributed in 81 genera comprise 26±8 % of the genera and 19±8 % of the species known to be associated with native plants of this vegetation type. In a list including also Dothideales, Meliolales, Phyllachorales, Uredinales and hyphomycetes, the coelomycetes were the third most common group in number of species (Dianese et al., 1997). Preliminary studies indicated the possibility of a new coelomycete genus (Furlanetto & Dianese, 1994 a) and new species in Dinemasporium Le! v. (Furlanetto & Dianese, 1993) and Harknessia Cooke (Furlanetto et al., 1993) which are here described as four new species associated with the Cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. A collection of Pseudothiopsella hirtellae Petr. is also illustrated in more detail than previously (Petrak, 1928 ; Arx & Mu$ ller, 1954) and reported on a new host species (Furlanetto & Dianese, 1994 b). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf samples infected with fungi were collected in Brası! lia, Brazla# ndia, and Planaltina in Distrito Federal ; Povoado JK in the state of Goia! s ; Buritı! s and Nova Ponte in Minas Gerais ; Campo Maior in the state of Piauı! . All specimens were included in the Coleça4 o Micolo! gica of the Herbarium UB. Leaf sections were taken using a freezing microtome and were stained with lacto-glycerol cotton blue or KOH-phloxine for observation and photomicrograph and line drawing preparation. Semi-permanent slides were prepared and stored with the exsiccates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Phyllosticta xylopiae-sericeae Furlan. & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 1–9) Laesiones 0±5–3 mm diam., epiphyllae, brunneae usque atro-brunneae, circulares usque irregulares. Mycelium pallido-brunneum, immersum in contextu hospidis. Conidioma eustromaticum, immersum, subepidermicum ; paries cum textura angulari usque intrincata, paries superior 24–36 µm latus, atro-brunneus ; loculo conidiomatis 150–200 µm diam., globoso usque ovoideo, solitario vel confluenti, 3–4 stratis cellularum hyalinarum tegentium ; contextus interlocularis compositus ex cellularis hyalinis usque brunneis pallidis. Conidiophora septata, ramosa ex cellulis interioris parietis conidiomatis oriunda. Cellulae conidiogenae 9±5–26¬1–4 µm, hyalinae, cylindricae, discretae, determinatae, laeves, conidium apicale unum formantes. Conidium holoblasticum, 13–18¬4–7 µm, hyalinum, cylindricum usque clavatum, bigutullatum, appendiculatum, pariete crasso, apice truncato. Appendix apicalis 7–21¬1–2 µm, una, filiformis, cellulosa. In foliis vivis Xylopiae sericeae (Annonaceae), Jardim Bota# nico, Brası! lia, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 17 Oct. 1992, leg. R. B. Medeiros 150, UB (col. micol.) 2425, holotypus. Lesions 0±5–3 mm diam., epiphyllous, brown to dark brown, circular to irregular (Figs 1, 2). Mycelium immersed in the host tissue, septate, branched, hyaline to pale brown. Conidioma eustromatic, immersed, subepidermal, multilocular ; wall showing textura angularis to textura intricata with upper wall 24–36 µm wide, dark brown (Figs 3, 4) ; locules 150–200 µm diam., globose to ovoid, single or confluent, lined by 3–4 layers of hyaline cells ; interlocular tissue containing hyaline to pale-brown cells. Conidiophores septate, branched, originated from the internal layer of conidiomatal wall. Conidiogenous cells Coelomycetes from Central Brazil 20 Figs 1–8. Phyllosticta xylopiae-sericeae Fig. 1. Dark-brown stromata on the leaf surface of Xylopia sericea. Arrow indicates a single stroma. Fig. 2. Stroma on the host leaf. Fig. 3. Section through a stroma showing an immersed eustromatic conidioma with inner surface covered by a layer of conidiogenous cells bearing conidia. Fig. 4. Multilocular conidioma. Fig. 5. A squash preparation showing a group of lageniform to cylindrical conidiogenous cells. Arrow indicating holoblastic conidiogenesis. Fig. 6. Conidiogenous cell bearing an appendaged conidium. Fig. 7. Group of conidiophores bearing holoblastic conidiogenous cells which form apically appendaged conidia. Arrow shows an appendage. Fig. 8. Typical appendaged guttulate conidia. Bars : Fig. 1 : 10 mm ; Fig. 2 ¯ 0±5 mm ; Figs 3, 4 : 50 µm ; Figs 5–8 : 10 µm. C. Furlanetto and J. C. Dianese 21 with smaller ovoid to ellipsoidal conidia. Phyllosticta annonaesquamosae G. V. Rao (Vasant Rao, 1963) is also probably a species of Phoma. Phyllostictina annonicola Bat. & A. F. Vital and P. annonarum Bat. & A. F. Vital, both on species of Annona (Batista, 1952 ; Batista & Vital, 1952), have unilocular conidiomata which are further distinguished from P. xylopiae-sericeae by the dimensions of the conidiomata and conidia. Finally, P. xylopiae Sacc., described on Xylopia sp. from Vera Cruz, Mexico (Saccardo, 1931) cannot be confused with the new species because of the smaller non-appendaged conidia (4–4±5¬2 µm) which lack an apical appendage. A complete revision of the generic limits of Phyllosticta is still required even after some recent modern revisions (van der Aa, 1973 ; Nag Raj, 1993). Dinemasporium duguetiae Furlan. & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 10–22) Fig. 9. P. xylopiae-sericeae. Septate conidiophores with conidiogenous cells holoblastically forming appendaged conidia. Bar, 10 µm. 9±5–26¬1–4 µm, hyalin, cylindrical, discrete, determinate, smooth, forming one apical conidium (Figs 5–7, 9). Conidia holoblastic 13–18¬4–7 µm, hyaline, cylindrical to clavate, bigutullate, appendaged, thick-walled, with base truncate and truncate apex. Apical appendage 7–21¬1–2 µm, single, filiform, cellular, with subacute apex (Figs 8, 9). Other specimen examined : on living leaves of Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae), Minas Gerais, Nova Ponte, Barragem da CEMIG, 5 Nov. 1993, leg. J. C. Dianese & G. M. Araujo 1603, UB (col. micol.) 5855. A review of the modern literature on appendaged coelomycetes (van der Aa, 1973 ; Sutton, 1980 ; Nag Raj, 1993) and a preliminary study (Furlanetto & Dianese, 1994 a) revealed that P. xylopiae-sericeae is an atypical Phyllosticta Pers. In general., species of Phyllosticta are characterized by pycnidial conidiomata containing short ampulliform conidiogenous cells differing from P. xylopiae-sericeae which forms eustromatic conidioma with lageniform to cylindrical conidiogenous cells formed on septate conidiophores located inside multilocular eustromatic conidiomata. However, the shape of the conidiogenous cells and the cylindrical to clavate apically appendaged conidia are characteristics which indicate that the fungus is a species of Phyllosticta sensu van der Aa (1978) and Nag Raj (1993). On Annonaceae, specifically on leaves of Annona spp., Hennings (1902) and Saccardo (1931) described P. annonae Henn. and P. insularum Sacc., both probably species of Phoma Laesiones 2–10 mm diam., epigenae, circulares vel irregulares, coalescentes, pallido-griseae. Mycelium hyalinum, immersum in substrato. Conidiomata 62–108¬84–147 µm, superficialia, disseminata, atro-brunnea vel nigra, globosa ubi juvenia, cupulata ubi matura, setosa, pariete laterali ex hyphis brunneis, septatis, prosenchymatis (textura porrecta) composito, pars basalis parietis ex cellulis isodiametris (textura angularis) composita. Setae 70–221¬5–7 µm, 5–7 septatae, ex parte basali parietis oriundae, brunneae, pariete tenui vel crassa, apice obtuso vel subacuto. Conidiophora 9–32¬2±5–5 µm, hyalina, cylindracea, ramosa ex cellulis superis fundi conidiomatis formata. Cellulae conidiogenae 7–17¬1–2 µm, pallidae, discretae, determinatae, cylindraceae vel lageniformae, hyalinae. Conidia ‘ phialidica ’, 7–9±5¬2±5–5, oblonga vel allantoidea, hyalina, aseptata, appendiculata in quoque extremo, biguttulata, parietibus tenuibus. Appendices 1–2 µm longae, non ramosae, hyalinae, cellulares, flexuosae. In foliis vivis Duguetiae furfurascentis (Annonaceae), Cabeceira da Mata, urbe Buritı! s, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 7 May 1993, leg. J. C. Dianese 930. UB (col. micol.) 3997, holotypus. Lesions 2–10 mm diam., epigenous, circular to irregular, coalescent, centre light-grey, border brown (Fig. 10). Mycelium hyaline, immersed. Conidiomata 62–108¬84–147 µm, eustromatic, setose, separate, superficial, dark-brown to black, initially globose, becoming cupulate (Figs 11–14) ; basal part of wall consisting of brown textura angularis ; upper part of wall textura porrecta (Fig. 15). Setae 70–221¬5–7 µm, lateral on conidiomatal wall, regenerating enteroblastically, conspicuous, smooth, 5–7 septate, brown to dark-brown, becoming lighter toward the subacute apex (Figs 12, 14, 16). Conidiophores 9–32¬2±5–5 µm, hyaline, simple or branched, smooth, cylindrical, formed by a layer of cells at the base of the conidioma (Figs 17, 18). Conidiogenous cells 7–17¬1–2 µm, discrete, determinate, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, periclinal thickenings and channel conspicuous (Figs 17–19, 22). Conidia ‘ phialidic ’ (sensu Sutton, 1980), 7–9±5¬2±5–5 µm, fusoid to allantoid, with a truncate base, hyaline, aseptate, biguttulate, bearing once apical appendage and one excentric, basal appendage ; conidial wall thin, smooth (Figs 20, 21 and 22), Appendages 1–2 µm long, hyaline, cellular, filiform, flexuous (Fig. 22). Coelomycetes from Central Brazil 22 Figs 10–16. Dinemasporium duguetiae. Fig. 10. Leaf spots on Duguetica furfuracea. Arrow indicates a single lesion. Fig. 11. Setose conidioma. Fig. 12. Eustromatic conidioma with setae originating from the base (SEM). Fig. 13. Section of a conidioma. Arrow indicates textura porrecta on the upper portion of the wall. Fig. 14. Textura of the upper portion of the conidiomatal wall. Fig. 15. Section of a conidioma showing setae. Fig. 16. Detail of a seta showing enteroblastic regeneration (arrow). Bars : Fig. 10 : 10 mm ; Figs 11, 12–14 : 50 µm ; Figs 13, 15–16 : 10 µm. C. Furlanetto and J. C. Dianese 23 Figs 17–21. D. duguetiae. Fig. 17. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells and conidia. Fig. 18. Conidiophore (lower arrow) and conidia on conidiogenous cells (upper arrows). Fig. 19. Conidiogenous cells showing phialidic conidiogenesis. Fig. 20. Group of appendaged conidia. Fig. 21. Conidium showing apical appendages. Bars, 10 µm. Other specimen examined : on leaves of Duguetia furfuracea, PAD-DF, Brası! lia, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 18 Feb. 1993, J. C. Dianese, no. 728, UB (col. micol.) 3168. Fig. 22. D. duguetiae. Detail of textura angularis found on the base of the conidioma which bears a group of conidiophores with conidiogenous cells (phialides) and appendaged conidia. Bar, 10 µm. Dinemasporium Le! v. sensu Sutton (1980) and Nag Raj (1993) accommodates coelomycetes with setose eustromatic conidiomata ; setae mostly peripheral and rarely originated from the conidiogenous layer ; conidiophores hyaline, simple or branched, conidiogenous cells ‘ phialidic ’, conidia hyaline, aseptate, with two setulae, one basal and the other apical. Sutton (1980) accepted only three species with aseptate conidia : D. aberrans B. Sutton, D. cytosporoides (Sacc.) B. Sutton and D. strigosum (Pers.) Sacc. D. minutum Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Peres and D. coffeanum Bat. & Peres (Batista & Peres, 1964), and D. canadense Morgan-Jones (Morgan-Jones, 1971), were mentioned by Sutton (1980) but not studied. Later, Nag Raj & Castan4 eda Ruiz (1988) described D. lanatum Nag Raj & R. F. Casta4 neda and accepted Sutton’s concept of the genus accommodating only species with one-celled conidia (Sutton, 1980). Nag Raj (1993) revised the genus and accepted three additional species : D. rhodophaeum Speg., D. decipiens (De Not.) Sacc. and D. affine Speg. but placed D. canadense as a synonym of D. decipiens. These three species differ from D. Coelomycetes from Central Brazil 24 Figs 23–30. Harknessia salvertiana. Fig. 23. Leaf lesions on Salvertia convallariodora. Arrow shows a single lesion. Fig. 24. Immersed conidioma subepidermally formed in the host leaf. Figs 25–28. Conidiogenous cell (arrow) holoblastically forming conidium. Figs 29, 30. Conidium with a sub-apical cellular appendage and a basal one consisting of vestiges of the conidiogenous cell. Bars : Fig. 23 : 10 mm ; Figs 24–30 : 10 µm. duguetiae in some of the following characteristics which are the basis of speciation in this genus : width of the conidioma, position of the basal appendage, proliferation of the conidiogenous cells and shape and or size of the conidia. Dinemasporium duguetiae was compared with all species of Dinemasporium accepted by Nag Raj (1993) (Table 1). The types of D. coffeanum (URM 22781) and D. minutum (URM 20660), the only two species previously reported from Brazil, were examined but these collections lacked conidiomata clearly indicating a need for new collections aiming to neotypify or reject both these names. D. duguetiae, previously studies by Furlanetto & Dianese (1993), is clearly separated from the other species based on the same criteria (shape and dimensions of conidioma, conidia, setae, and appendages) used by Sutton (1980), Morgan-Jones (1971), Nag Raj & Castan4 eda Ruiz (1988), and Nag Raj (1993). C. Furlanetto and J. C. Dianese 25 Table 1. Comparison of Dinemasporium duguetiae with species of Dinemasporium accepted by Nag Raj (1993) Conidiomata diameter (µm) D. aberrans D. cytosporoides D. strigosum 90–150 120–150 up to 200 D. decipiens D. rhodophaeum 200–450 210–260 D. affine 220–350 D. lanatum 280–400 D. duguetiae 62–147 Conidial shape Fusiform Allantoid Straight to slightly curved Botuliform Naviculate to subfusiform Naviculate to subellipsoidal Falcate to fusiform Allantoid Conidial dimensions (µm) 4–6¬2–2±5 3±5–5¬1 9±5–11¬1±5–2 Seta dimensions (µm) 75–120¬3–6 80–120¬4–8 60–220¬4–6 5–6¬2–2±5 110–170¬5–8 8–12±5¬2±5–3±5 55–100¬6–10 (x, 10¬3) 3±5–5¬1±5–2 60–110¬4±5–6 (x, 4±5¬1±2) 13–27¬1±5–2±5 up to1360¬5–11 7–9±5¬2±5–5 70–221¬5–7 Appendage length (µm) 4–6 1 5–7 3–4 2–5 1–1±5 4–9 1–2 phores absent. Conidiogenous cells 10–18¬4–7 µm, discrete, determinate, ampulliform to lageniform, originating from the inner layer of the conidiomatal wall (Figs 25–28, 31). Conidia holoblastic, 12–17¬11±5–17 µm, globose to subglobose, light-brown to brown, smooth, guttulate, acrogenous, with rhexolytic secession ; two appendages present, one sub-apical to lateral, type A1 sensu Nag Raj (1993), 4–11¬1–2 µm, which is cellular, unbranched, hyaline (Figs 29, 30), and a basal appendage, 1–2¬2–3 µm, unbranched, remnant of the conidiogenous cell (Fig. 30), type A2 sensu Nag Raj (1993). Teleomorphic and}or microconidial phases not observed. Figs 31. H. salvertiana. Group of holoblastic conidiogenous cells bearing developing conidia and a group of three mature conidia after secession (on top). Bar, 10 µm. Harknessia salvertiana Furlan. & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 23–31) Laesiones 5–15 mm, sparsae vel confluentes, circulares vel irregulares, amphigenae, pallido-brunneae, margine atro-brunnea vel nigra distincta circumcinctae. Mycelium pallido-brunneum, hyalinum, immersum in substrato. Conidiomata solitaria vel gregaria, 72–103 µm diam., pycnidialia vel stromatica, textura angularis, subglobosa vel globosa, unilocularia, immersa vel erumpentia, brunnea, ostiolata. Ostiolum centrale, circulare. Conidiophora absentia. Cellulae conidiogenae ex cellulis strati interioris parietis conidiomatis compositae, 10–18¬4–7 µm, discretae, hyalinae, determinatae, ampulliformes. Conidia holoblastica, 12–17¬11±5–17 µm, subglobosa vel globosa, pallido-brunnea, guttulata, acrogena cum secessione rhexolytica, appendicis conidii duae, 1 subapicalis vel lateralis, 4–11¬1–2 µm, cellularis, non ramosa, hyalina, alia basilaris, 1–2¬2–3 µm, non ramosa, ex vestigio cellulae conidiogenae formata. Stadia teleomorphica vel microconidica non observata. In foliis vivis Salvertiae convallariodorae (Vochysiaceae), via ad Alvorada do Norte, Km 150, Povoado JK, Goia! s, Brasil. 21 Nov. 1992, leg. A. C. Dianese 12, UB (col. mycol.) 2439, holotypus. Lesions 5–15 mm diam., circular to irregular, amphigenous, centre light brown, border brown to dark-brown or black (Fig. 23). Mycelium septate, immersed. Conidiomata pycnidial, 72–103 µm diam., immersed, erumpent, subglobose to globose, unilocular, brown, ostiolate ; wall of textura angularis, cells 24–31 µm diam., light-brown to brown (Figs 24). Conidio- Other specimens examined : on living leaves of Salvertia convallariodora (Vochysiaceae) : Sı! tio Santo Antonio, Br 365 Road, 5 km South of Riacho Bacurı! , Piauı! , Brazil, 6 Jan. 1995, leg. J. C. Dianese 1996, UB (col. micol.) 7098 ; Fazenda Mandube! II, Campo Maior, Piauı! , Brazil, 7 Jan. 1995, leg. M. Ca# mara 66, UB (Col. micol.) 7079. Based on major reviews of Harknessia (Sutton, 1971, 1977, 1980 ; Nag Raj & DiCosmo, 1981 ; Nag Raj, 1993) and also considering important recent additions (Gala! n et al., 1986 ; Sutton & Pascoe, 1989 ; and Crous et al., 1993), several generalizations can be made, such as : (1) all Harknessia species form conidia with a basal appendage which results in general from rhexolytic secession ; (2) some Harknessia species have an additional apical, sub-apical or lateral cellular-appendage which in many instances is reduced to a papilla-like outgrowth ; (3) the known species which have globose conidia do not have sub-apical or lateral appendages and can be easily separated from those possessing doliiform to ellipsoidal conidia. Two unnamed species of Harknessia were found on Vochysiaceae of the Cerrado (Furlanetto et al., 1993). One, H. salvertiana, has globose conidia with a sub-apical to lateral appendage. For a precise characterisation of this new species only a comparison with species of Harknessia with subglobose to globose conidia is useful because the other species with distinct conidial morphology are obviously different. This new species is the only one among those with one subapical to lateral appendage (type A1 sensu Nag Raj, 1993) which is clearly different from the sub-apical apiculus of H. insueta B. Sutton (Sutton, 1971 ; Nag Raj, 1993). Furthermore, the other three species which have globose conidia and dimensions similar to those of H. salvertiana form spores with Coelomycetes from Central Brazil Figs 32–41. Harknessia qualeae. Fig. 32. Leaf lesions with brown to dark-brown border and light brown centre on Qualea grandiflora. Arrow indicates a single lesion. Fig. 33. Light brown centre of lesion showing erumpent black conidiomata. Fig. 34. Detail of conidiomatal wall and fertile layer. Arrow shows conidiogenous cells. Fig. 35. Immersed subepidermal conidioma in the mesophyll of Q. grandiflora. Fig. 36. Group of conidiogenous cells at an early stage of holoblastic conidiogenesis when the apical appendages are already well developed but the conidial body is beginning to be formed (phase contrast). Fig. 37. Holoblastic conidiogenesis (arrow). Fig. 38. Conidia and conidiogenous cells. Fig. 39. Beginning of conidial secession with septum shown at conidial base (arrow). Figs 40, 41. Mature appendaged conidia Bars : Fig. 32 : 10 mm ; Fig. 33 : 0±5 mm ; Fig. 35 : 50 µm ; Figs 34, 36–41 : 10 µm. 26 C. Furlanetto and J. C. Dianese Fig. 42. H. qualeae. Group of holoblastic conidiogenous cells bearing developing conidia and a group of three mature conidia on top. Bar, 10 µm. a portion of the surface ornamented by striations (Nag Raj & DiCosmo, 1981 ; Nag Raj, 1993). This is the case in harknessia globosa B. Sutton and H. araucariae B. Sutton & Hodges which have globose, partially-striate conidia but do not have a subapical to lateral appendage (Sutton & Hodges, 1977 ; Sutton, 1980 ; Nag Raj & DiCosmo, 1981 ; Nag Raj, 1993). The third species with globose striate conidia without an apical outgrowth but with a short basal-appendage is H. hawaiiensis F. Stevens & E. Young (Nag Raj, 1993). This species is also different from H. salvertiana because of its larger conidioma, which are up to 400 µm diam. and four or more times larger than the average size of the conidioma of H. salvertiana (72–103 µm). The remaining species (Sutton, 1977, 1980 ; Gala! n et al., 1986 ; Sutton & Pascoe, 1989 ; Nag Raj, 1993), including those recently described by Crous et al. (1993), can be easily separated from H. salvertiana based on conidial morphology. Harknessia qualeae Furlan. & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 32–42) Laesiones amphigenae, maculae foliares, 1–8 mm diam., centro pallidobrunneo, marginibus brunneis usque purpureis. Mycelium immersum. Hyphae hyalinae, pallido-brunneae. Conidiomata pycnidialia usque stromatica, immersa, erumpentia, 84–195 µm diam., globosa vel subglobosa, unilocularia, pallido-brunnea, vel brunnea, pariete cum textura angulari, 10–30 µm lata. Ostiolum centrale circulare. Cellulae conidiogenae 12–19¬3–6 µm, discretae, determinatae, non ramosae, ampulliformes, ex cellulis strati interioris parietis conidiomatis formatae. Conidiophora absentia. Conidia holoblastica, 11–23¬6–9 µm, acrogena, elliptica usque fusiformia, brunnea, l-guttulata, 2appendiculata, laevia, pariete crassa. Appendix apicalis conidii 38– 52 µm¬0±5–1 µm, filiformis, hyalina. Appendix basilaris conidii 0±5–1 µm longa, saepe absens, ex vestigio cellulae conidiogenae constata. Stadia teleomorphica et microconidica absentia. In foliis vivis Qualeae grandiflorae (Vochysiaceae), Estaça4 o Ecolo! gica das A; guas Emendadas, Brası! lia, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 28 Jan. 1993, leg. M. S. Mello 3, UB (col. micol.) 3437, holotypus. Lesions amphigenous, 1–8 mm diam., centre light brown, border brown to purple (Figs 32–33). Mycelium immersed. 27 Hyphae septate, hyaline to light brown. Conidioma pycnidial to stromatic, immersed, becoming erumpent, 84–195 µm diam., globose to subglobose, unilocular, light-brown to brown ; wall of textura angularis, 10–30 µm wide (Figs 34–35). Conidiogenous cells 12–19¬3–6 µm, discrete, determinate, unbranched, ampulliform, originating from cells of the inner layer of the conidioma wall (Figs 36–39, 42). Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia holoblastic, 11–23¬6–9 µm (av. : 17¬7±5 µm), acrogenous, ellipsoid to fusoid, brown, 1guttulate, 2-appendaged, smooth, thick-walled. Apical appendage 38–52¬0±5–1 µm, filiform, cellular, hyaline (Figs 40–42). Basal appendage 0±5–1 µm long, often absent, consisting of the remains of the conidiogenous cell. Teleomorphic and microconidial states absent. Nag Raj (1993) accepted 26 species of Harknessia but did not include two species, H. karwarrae B. Sutton & Pascoe and H. victoriae B. Sutton & Pascoe (Sutton & Pascoe, 1989). More recently, Crous et al. (1993) described three additional species bringing to 31 the total number of accepted and revised species. Harknessia fusca Nag Raj & DiCosmo, H. americana (Mont.) B. Sutton, H. caudata Ellis & Everh. and H. liquidambaris (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Nag Raj & DiCosmo are the only species of Harknessia which possess apical appendages (type A1 sensu Nag Raj, 1993) longer than the conidial body, as are those of H. qualeae (Sutton, 1980 ; Nag Raj & DiCosmo, 1981 ; Nag Raj, 1993 ; Crous et al., 1993). However, these four species show obvious differences from H. qualeae in terms of conidiomatal dimensions and also conidium, conidiogenous cell and appendage morphology. The main characteristics separating H. qualeae from the other apically long-appendaged species are its long apical and short basal appendages, as well as its narrowly ellipsoid conidia. In addition, H. qualeae has apical appendages longer than those of all other species, with the exception of H. fusca, which, in contrast, has longer basal appendages. Pseudothiopsella hirtellae Petr., Hedwigia 68 : 259 (1928). (Figs 43–50) Teleomorph : Pseudothiella hirtellae (Henn.) Petr. Syn. fide Petrak (1928) : Auerswaldia hirtellae Henn., Hedwigia 62 : 268 (1908) ; Dothidina hirtellae Theiss. & Syd., Ann. Mycol. 13 : 303 (1915). The specimen of Pseudothiopsella hirtellae studied was collected in Central Brazil on the well defined host, Hirtella gracilipes (Furlanetto & Dianese, 1994 b). The species is here illustrated for the first time although it was described previously by Petrak (1928) and again by Arx & Mu$ ller (1954) based on collections from unidentified species of Hirtella. These descriptions (Petrak, 1928 ; Arx & Mu$ ller, 1954) did not include details of conidial ontogeny and information on this basic aspect of its asexual reproduction is still lacking (Hawksworth et al., 1995). The illustrations herewith show the type of lesions (Fig. 43), details of stromatal morphology (Figs 44–45), different aspects of conidiogenesis (Figs 46–50), and conidial morphology (Figs 46, 50). The branched conidiophores give rise to discrete, hyaline, cylindrical, indeterminate, smooth conidiogenous cells with 1–3 enteroblastic-percurrent proliferations Coelomycetes from Central Brazil 28 Figs 43–49. Pseudothiopsella hirtellae. Fig. 43. Dark stromata on leaves of Hirtella gracilipes. Arrow indicates a typical stroma. Fig. 44. Stroma. Fig. 45. Section through a stromatic conidioma with a wall showing textura angularis and containing conidiogenous cells and a group of conidia. Fig. 46. Conidiogenous cell (arrow at right) and a conidium with characteristic apical appendage. Fig. 47. Conidiogenous cells formed on septate conidiophores with arrow showing their collaretes. Fig. 48. Conidiogenous cells proliferating enteroblastically (arrow). Fig. 49. Conidium on a conidiogenous cell showing previous enteroblastic proliferation (arrows). Bars : Fig. 43 : 10 mm ; Fig. 44 : 0±5 mm ; Fig. 45 : 50 µm ; Figs 46–49 : 10 µm. C. Furlanetto and J. C. Dianese Fig. 50. P. hirtellae. Group of conidiogenous cells with collaretes indicating enteroblastic proliferation and conidia formed holoblastically. At the top is a group of five mature brown conidia, all with a short apical appendage and a clearer equatorial band. Bar, 10 µm. resulting in clearly visible collarettes. Specimen examined : on leaves of Hirtella gracilipes (Chrysobalanaceae), Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 15 Nov. 1993, leg. A. M. Rodrigues 2, UB (col. micol.) 5690. REFERENCES Aa, H. A. van der (1973). Studies in Phyllosticta I. Studies in Mycology 5, 1–110. Arx, J. A. von & Mu$ ller, E. (1954). 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