Opuscula Philolichenum, 13: 4–7. 2014. *pdf effectively published online 3March2014 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Notes on the California Lichen Flora 6: New Records KERRY KNUDSEN1 AND JANA KOCOURKOVÁ2 ABSTRACT. – Lecidea confluentula is reported new for North America and California. Calogaya pusilla and Cercidospora cecidiiformans (lichenicolous on Rhizocarpon riparium) are reported new for California. KEYWORD. – Biodiversity, calciphiles, Channel Islands, lichenicolous fungi, San Bernardino Mountains. INTRODUCTION Earlier installments of this series were published in the Bulletin of the California Lichen Society. This and a similar series published in Crossosoma reported new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from California and were published once or twice a year. We have decided to consolidate our future California reports in Opuscula Philolichenum, where they are peer reviewed, indexed for Scopus, and readily available for free download. The first author began publishing California reports at the request of Shirley Tucker, the editor of the checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of California (Tucker 2014). In the regular course of work, unexpected new discoveries are often made. These records frequently do not fit into any taxonomic or floristic papers being prepared for publication. Unpublished, they can often be forgotten, the specimen hidden in the darkness of a herbarium cabinet. Here we report three species (two crustose lichens and one lichenicolous fungus) for the first time from California. One of these reports is also the first for North America. Overall, California is still unexplored for lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Currently more than 1,869 taxa are reported from the state (Hutten et al. 2013; Knudsen et al. 2013a, b & c; Tucker 2014). The recent revision of the California checklist (Tucker 2014) included an additional 295 taxa that had been reported new for California since 2006, and this increase did not include many new records from Yosemite National Park (Hutten et al. 2013). METHODS Specimens were examined from LD, OSC, UCR, and the Herbarium Mycologicum of Jana Kocourková and Kerry Knudsen (abbreviated herein “hb. Kocourková and Knudsen”). Hand-made sections were studied in water and 10% KOH [K]. Amyloid reactions were tested in Lugol’s iodine 1% with and without pre-treatment with KOH 5% [K/I]. Ascospore measurements were made in water with accuracy of 0.5 µm. Secondary metabolites were studied using standardized Thin Layer Chromatography (Culberson & Ammann 1979, Culberson & Johnson 1982, Orange et al. 2001, 2010). Note that here we recognize the genera Calogaya Arup, Frödén & Søchting and Polycauliona Hue that were recently segregated from Caloplaca Th. Fr. by Arup et al. (2013) on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses. 1 KERRY KNUDSEN – The Herbarium, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, U.S.A. – e-mail: kerry.knudsen@ucr.edu 2 JANA KOCOURKOVÁ – Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ–165 21, Czech Republic. – e-mail: kocourkovaj@fzp.czu.cz 4 NEW REPORTS 1. Calogaya pusilla (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, Nordic J. Bot. 31: 39. 2013. ≡ Caloplaca pusilla (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 4: 353 1926. ≡ Physcia pusilla A. Massal., Atti R. Ist. Ven. Sc. Lett. Arti, ser. 2, 3(appendix 3): 59, fig. 8.1852. TYPE: ITALY: Veneto, Vigit ad saxa jurassica provinicia Veronensis in locus apertis (VER[n.v.], holotype). Calogaya pusilla is common in Europe and was earlier reported from North America (Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota) as Caloplaca pusilla (Gaya 2009, Wirth et al. 2013) and as one of three morphotypes of C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998). For a description and illustrations of the taxon see Gaya (2009). Specimens vary but are usually evenly pruinose, tightly attached to the substrate, orbicular to confluent, and have dense aggregations of apothecia toward the center of the thallus. The outer lobes can be broad and flattened or elongate and terete. It usually grows on vertical surfaces on calcareous rocks and often on walls with mortar and is considered a calciphile. The specimen reported here is from Santa Rosa Island and was found growing on Monterey shale, a common calcareous substrate on the island. It has broad flattened lobes and is ochre yellow with a fine white pruina. Of the three other effigurate species of Teloschistaceae that are known from the Channel Islands in southern California (Knudsen & Kocourková 2012), Calogaya pusilla can only be confused with the common Polycauliona impolita (Arup) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, which differs in having a distinctly yellow pruina confined to its broad lobes. On the Channel Islands, Caloplaca saxicola is epruinose, distinctly more orange in color, with apothecia more frequent near the lobe edges. Polycauliona ignea (Arup) Arup, Frödén & Søchting is epruinose and definitely darker red in color than C. pusilla. Polycauliona brattiae (W.A. Weber) Arup, Frödén & Søchting is often abundant with P. impolita on volcanic rock on the islands. It is epruinose and redder in color, with narrower convex lobes than Calogaya pusilla. A beautiful salmon colored form of C. pusilla, that is common in Europe, was illustrated by Wirth et al. (2013). Specimen examined. – U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. SANTA BARBARA CO.: Channel Islands National Park. Santa Rosa Island, Quemada Canyon, 33°57’46”N 120°0’46”W, 26 m, on Monterey shale, 19.vii. 2007, K. Knudsen 6878 & J. Kocourková (UCR, hb. Vondrák; collection determined by J. Vondrák). 2. Cercidospora cecidiiformans Hafellner & Grube, Herzogia 9: 752. 1992. TYPE: NORWAY. HORDALAND: Odda, Valldalen N von Rödal, W-Abhänge des Berges Middalsrusta gegen den See Vivassvatnet; auf Blöcken am Hang, ca 950 m, auf Rhizocarpon geographicum zusammen mit Muellerella pygmaea, 18.viii.1984, J. Hafellner 11671 (GZU[n.v.], holotype). Cercidospora cecidiiformans was originally described from Norway as growing on species of Rhizocarpon subg. Rhizocarpon (Hafellner 1993). Hafellner et al. (2002) subsequently reported C. cecidiiformans as new for North America from Greenland. The species was later reported from Sweden (Ihlen & Wedin 2005) and for continental North America from Alaska on R. geographicum (L.) DC. (Spribille et al. 2010). It forms pillow-like galls on the thalli of the host, each containing up to 30 hyaline perithecia. The ascospores are hyaline, 1-septate, 13–15.5–19 × 5–6–8 µm in size, with thin but distinct halo. The species is here reported new for California as it is not included in any recent checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the state (Hutten et al. 2013, Kocourková et al. 2012, Tucker 2014). It was collected on Rhizocarpon riparium Räsänen on a large granite outcrop in the San Bernardino Mountains at 2439 meters (8000 feet) with other montane lichen species that are rare in southern California including Carbonea vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel (UCR Herbarium 2014). Specimen examined. – U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. SAN BERNARDINO CO.: San Bernardino National Forest, San Bernardino Mountains, large granite outcrop within sight of Highway 38 and Rainbow Lane, 34°10’22.6”N 116°43’5.6”W, 2439 m, 3.ix.2013, on Rhizocarpon riparium on granite, J. Kocourková 8374. & K. Knudsen (hb. Kocourková and Knudsen). 5 3. Lecidea confluentula Müll. Arg., Flora 55: 536. 1872. TYPE: FRANCE. DEPT. HAUTE-SAVOIE: Mount Salève, on rock (saxis siderolithicis), 22.ix.1872, J. Müller-Argoviensis s.n. (G[n.v.], holotype). Lecidea confluentula is a member of Lecidea s. str., occurring in Europe and Asia on siliceous rocks (Aptroot et al. 2009; Arup 2004; Hertel 1995, 2006; Hertel & Andreev 2003). For descriptions the reader can refer to the following publications (Aptroot et al. 2009, Arup 2004, Müller 1872). It is a semicryptic species within the L. fuscoatra group, with a thin, dispersed or endolithic thallus, the main morphological character separating it from L. fuscoatra which has a well-developed thallus. Arup (2004) demonstrated through molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS that L. confluentula was distinct from L. fuscoatra. The black apothecia of L. confluentula are smooth or rugulose, sometimes with a thin layer of pruina, 0.4–1.0(–1.5) mm in diameter, with either a well-developed rim with a flat disc or else the disc becomes convex excluding the margin. The exciple is 45–75 μm wide. The hymenium is 50–100 μm tall. The epihymenium is brownish-black to blue-green. Ascospores are broadly ellipsoid, (9–)10–13(–15) × (4– )5–7(–7.5) μm. The hypothecium is dark brown. Lecidea confluentula produces the gyrophoric acid syndrome (Arup 2004). The thallus and exciple are KC+ pink (though the reaction is often faint and transient) and the chemistry is best analyzed with Thin Layer Chromatography. Lecidea confluentula was collected on a wet rock along the Tuolumne River in Tuolumne County, California, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at 356 meters (1170 feet). The specimen is completely endolithic and was compared with specimens from LD collected in Skåne and Halland in Sweden by Ulf Arup. Lecidea confluentula is here reported new for North America and California (Esslinger 2012, Hutten et al. 2013, Tucker 2014). Its association with a river in California suggests that it could be rare, possibly restricted to humid sites with perennial water at lower to middle elevations. As in Fennoscandia, typical populations of L. fuscoatra with well-developed brown thalli are sympatric with L. confluentula in central California in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Hutten et al. 2013, Knudsen 2012). A similar endolithic species Lecidea cinerata Zahlbr., produces lecanoric acid and thus also has a KC+ reaction in the exciple. It is distinguished from L. confluentula by its hyaline or weakly inspersed hypothecium and longer ascospores that average 13–16 μm in length (Hertel & Printzen 2004). Lecidea cinerata is endemic to middle to high elevations in the more arid mountains of southern California (Hertel & Printzen 2004, Tucker 2014, UCR Herbarium 2014). Both L. confluentula and L. cinerata, as well as the common L. laboriosa Müll. Arg. and several other usually endolithic Lecidea species in California, have apothecia with high morphological variability and cannot be readily separated using the apothecial gestalt. They must be distinguished by ascospores, inspersion and color of the hypothecium (from hyaline to brown or black), sometimes pycnidial type or conidia, and which secondary metabolites are produced that can be detected with spot tests or Thin Layer Chromatography. In California L. confluentula could be naturally rare but could also be easily overlooked in the field or either misidentified or unidentified in herbaria. Specimen examined. – U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. TUOLUMNE CO.: Tuolumne River, 37°51'48.3''N 120°07'0.8''W, 356 m, on fully exposed mesic rock, 4.viii.2011, M. Hutten 15535 (OSC). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank our reviewers, Theodore Esslinger (NDSU) and Shirley Tucker (SBBG). We thank James Lendemer (NY) for Thin Layer Chromatography of Lecidea specimens, Jan Vondrák (Prague University of Life Sciences) for his identification of Calogaya pusilla, and Mikhail Zhurbenko (Russia) for citation information. For the loan of specimens we thank Martin Hutten (National Park Service) and Ulf Arup (LD). Botanists Scott Eliason (US Forest Service) and Diana Iketa (US Forest Service) are thanked for their support of our research in San Bernardino National Forest. Part of Kerry Knudsen’s research was supported by Channel Islands National Park. We thank Kate Faulkner (National Park Service) for her continuing support of our research. The work of Jana Kocourková was supported financially by the grant “Environmental aspects of sustainable development of society” 42900/1312/3166 from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. LITERATURE CITED Aptroot, A., O.L. Gilbert, D.L. Hawksworth and B.J. Coppins. 2009. Lecidea Ach. (1803). In: C. W. Smith, A. Aptroot, B. J. Coppins, A. Fletcher, O. L. Gilbert, P. W. James and P. A. Wolseley (eds): The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. The British Lichen Society, Natural History Museum Publications, United Kingdom, pp. 502–519. 6 Arup, U. 2004. Three overlooked Lecidea species in Sweden. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 34(1): 39–48. Arup, U., U. Søchting and P. Frödén. 2013. A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 16–83. Culberson, C. and K. Ammann. 1979. Standardmethode zur Dünnschichtchromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1–24. Culberson, C. and A. Johnson. 1982. Substitution of methyl tert-butyl ether for diethyl ether in the standardized thinlayer chromatographic method for lichen products. Journal of Chromatography 238: 483–487. Esslinger, T.L. 2012. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University: http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/ ~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Version (#18) 13 December 2012), Fargo, North Dakota. Accessed January 29, 2014. Gaya, E. 2009. Taxonomical revision on the Caloplaca saxicola group (Teloschistaceae, lichen-forming Ascomycota). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 101: 1–191. Hafellner, J. 1993. Über Funde von lichenicolen Pilzen und Flechten im südlichen Norwegen. Herzogia 9: 749–768. Hafellner, J., D. Triebel, B.D. Ryan and T.H. Nash. 2002. On lichenicolous fungi from North America. II. Mycotaxon 84: 293–329. Hertel, H. 1995. Schlüssel für die Arten der Flechtenfamilie Lecideaceae in Europa. In: E. E. Farkas, R. Lücking and V. Wirth (eds.): Scripta Lichenologica – Lichenological Papers Dedicated to Antonín Vězda. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart, pp. 137–180. Hertel, H. 2006. World distribution of species of Lecidea (Lecanorales) occurring in Central Europe In: A. Lackovičová, A. Guttová, E. Lisická and P. Lizoň (eds.): Central European Lichens — Diversity and Threat. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, and Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, pp. 19–74. Hertel, H. and M. P. Andreev. 2003. On some saxicolous lecideoid lichens of the Beringian Region and adjacent areas of eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East. The Bryologist 106(4): 539–551. Hertel, H. and C. Printzen. 2004. Lecidea. In: Nash, T.H., III, B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries and F. Bungartz (eds.): Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, pp. 287–309. Hutten, M., U. Arup, O. Breuss, T.L. Esslinger, A.M. Fryday, K. Knudsen, J.C. Lendemer, C. Printzen, H.T. Root, M. Schultz, J. Sheard, T. Tønsberg and B. McCune. 2013. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Yosemite National Park, California. North American Fungi 8(11): 1–47. Ihlen, P.G. and M. Wedin. 2005. Notes on Swedish lichenicolous fungi. Nova Hedwigia 81: 493–499. Knudsen, K. 2012. Parasites. Bulletin of the California Lichen Society 18(2): 8–10. Knudsen, K., M. Harding and J. Hoines. 2013a. The lichen flora of Joshua Tree National Park: an annotated checklist. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/JOTR/NRTR—2013/743. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 79 pp. Free download at http://www.nps.gov/jotr/naturescience/upload/lichen_report.pdf Knudsen, K. and J. Kocourková. 2012. The annotated checklist of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Channel Islands National Park. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 145–302. Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková and B. McCune. 2013b. Sarcogyne mitziae (Acarosporaceae), a new species from biotic soil crusts in western North America. The Bryologist 116(2): 122–126. Knudsen, K., J. Sheard, J. Kocourková and H. Mayrhofer. 2013c. A new lichenicolous lichen from Europe and western North America in the genus Dimelaena (Physciaceae). The Bryologist 116(3): 257–262. Kocourková, J., K. Knudsen and S. Tucker. 2012. A checklist of the lichenicolous biota of California. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 64–103. Müller, J. 1872. Lichenum species et varietates novae. Flora (Regensburg). 55: 534–542. Orange, A., P.W. James and F.J. White. 2001. Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens. British Lichen Society, London. 101 pp. Orange, A., P.W. James and F.J. White. 2010. Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens, Second Edition with Additions and Corrections. British Lichen Society. London. 101 pp. Spribille, T., S. Pérez-Ortega, T. Tønsberg and D. Schirokauer. 2010. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park, Alaska, in a global biodiversity context. The Bryologist 113(3): 439–515. Tucker, S. 2014. Constancea 85: Catalogue of Lichens, Lichenicoles, and Allied Fungi in California. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/85/ Accessed on January 31, 2014. UCR Herbarium. 2014. http://ucr.ucr.edu/lichensflat_index.php Accessed January 30, 2014. Wetmore, C.M. and E.I. Kärnefelt. 1998. The lobate and subfruticose species of Caloplaca in north and central America. The Bryologist 101(2): 230–255. Wirth, V., M. Hauck and M. Schultz. 2013. Die Flechten Deutschlands. Umber, Stuttgart, Germany. 1244 pp. 7 View publication stats