Checklist of Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni

Francisco Cabezas

An updated checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón Island (Equatorial Guinea) is presented. Two hundred and ninety-five taxa of Angiosperms in 211 genera and 68 families and 51 species of Pteridophytes in 31 genera and 18 families are listed from Annobón. The most represented families are Leguminosae (38 taxa), Gramineae (29 taxa) and Orchidaceae (28 taxa). In addition bibliographic references have been collated and checked. Thirty-eight species are included based on records from the literature where their distribution ranges suggest they should occur on Annobón. Fifty-four introduced species that have become naturalized are listed. Twenty-four taxa are recorded for the first time, three of which were not previously known for Equatorial Guinea. Peperomia blanda is recorded as a new for West Tropical Africa. At present 23 taxa are known to be endemic to Annobón or to Annobón and the islands of São Tomé or/and Príncipe. The percentage of endemic species is 7.8. The small area of A...

Commelina africana L. subsp. zanzibarica Faden, a native of Africa is reported for the first time from Kerala, India. It also forms the first report of its occurrence in southern Asia. Detailed description, photographs and relevant notes are provided to facilitate easy identification.

This study provides a checklist of the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) present in Equatorial Guinea, comprising 52 genera and 124 taxa. Seven species are known from Annobón, 33 from Bioko and 109 from Río Muni. The best represented genus is Senna with eight species. In addition, bibliographic references for Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) from Equatorial Guinea have been gathered and checked. Fourteen species are included based on literature records, because their distribution ranges suggest they may occur in Equatorial Guinea, 11 introduced species could be naturalized, and 45 taxa are recorded for the first time from the country. This represents an increase of over 35% in the floristic knowledge of Caesalpinioideae from Equatorial Guinea. A statistical summary is presented at the end of the checklist. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 151, 541–562.

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122. Checklist of Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni) FRANCISCO J. CABEZAS*, MANUEL DE LA ESTRELLA, CARLOS AEDO and MAURICIO VELAYOS Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain Received 28 October 2008; accepted for publication 20 November 2008 A checklist of Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea, comprising 46 taxa in 12 genera, is presented. The best represented genus is Palisota, with 11 species. Bibliographical references for Commelinaceae from Equatorial Guinea have been gathered and checked. Eleven species of Commelinaceae are recorded for the first time in the country. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: biodiversity – flora – floristics – tropical Africa. INTRODUCTION The Commelinaceae comprise c. 42 genera and ± 650 species, and species can be found throughout the warm temperate and tropical regions of the world. In north temperate regions, the family is well represented in North America and Asia. No species are native to Europe. The centres of diversity for the family are Mexico, Central America, tropical Africa (especially for the tribes Commelineae and subtribes Palisotinae Faden & D.Hunt and Coleotrypinae Faden & D.Hunt), India and the foothills of the Himalayas to Thailand and south-west China. Commelinaceae are ecologically diverse, and can be found in both humid and mesic habitats, from sea level to 3800 m. Only a few species of Commelinaceae are aquatics, all in the genus Floscopa Lour. (Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo, 1985; Takhtajan, 1997; Faden, 1998; Heywood et al., 2007). African Commelinaceae include 17 genera and c. 270 species, reflecting a great diversity in growth habit, inflorescence and fruit structure. This family is distributed from Ghana to Sudan, extending to Uganda and Zimbabwe, being especially diverse in the western part of the continental mainland and in Madagascar (Faden, 1998). *Corresponding author. E-mail: cabezas@rjb.csic.es 106 In Equatorial Guinea, the family is widely distributed and highly diverse, in habitats ranging from shady places in rainforest to secondary forest, in which they also grow as climbers (Palisota tholloni Hua). Important floristic works on the Commelinaceae of Central and West tropical Africa are those of Clarke (1901), Hutchinson & Dalziel (1936) and, especially, Brenan (1952a, b, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1968a, b) or, more recently, of Akoègninou, van der Burg & van der Maesen (2006). Other relevant studies of nomenclature, conservation and floristics of neighbouring countries were also considered (Brenan, 1953; Aké Assi, 1963; Guinea, 1968; Adam, 1981; Anonymous, 1988; Lebrun & Stork, 1995). There is no complete treatment of the Commelinaceae for Equatorial Guinea, although parts of the country have been covered by other studies [Annobón was included by Exell (1944, 1956, 1963, 1973a), Bioko was included by Brenan (1968a) and Faden (1996), and Río Muni was included by Guinea (1946)]. Information about geography, climate and vegetation of Equatorial Guinea can be found in Guinea (1946), Exell (1973a, b), De Castro & De la Calle (1985), Pérez de Val (1993) and Heras et al. (2002). A compilation of data on location, phytogeography, climate, hydrogeography, soils and vegetation is available on the Internet at http://www.floradeguinea.com/guinea. php. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA Over the last 24 years, the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid has carried out intensive fieldwork in both Bioko and Río Muni. A study of the resulting collections at MA has revealed further new records and new areas of distribution for some taxa (Herrero et al., 2001; Velayos, Aedo & Pérez Viso, 2001; Fero et al., 2003; Parmentier & Geerinck, 2003; Cabezas, Aedo & Velayos, 2004; Cabezas et al., 2005; Estrella et al., 2005, 2006; Senterre, 2005). Studies on the inselbergs and related vegetation, carried out at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, including those of Lejoly & Lisowski (1999), Parmentier (2001, 2003), Parmentier, Lejoly & Nguema (2001), Parmentier & Nguema (2001) and Parmentier & Geerinck (2003), have complemented this floristic approach in the last 8 years. The aim of this work was to update the catalogue of Commelinaceae for the whole of Equatorial Guinea, including both bibliographical records and herbarium specimens. This checklist is a step towards a modern Flora of Equatorial Guinea. MATERIAL AND METHODS The checklist is primarily based on herbarium specimens. We studied more than 350 specimens collected in Equatorial Guinea from BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US, including both historical collections made during British expeditions by Barter, Mann, Tessmann and Vogel and modern collections made mainly on Spanish and Belgian expeditions. For comparative purposes, some selected specimens of Commelinaceae from neighbouring countries were also studied in these herbaria. Bibliographical references for the Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea were also checked. Most of these were gathered and compiled in the previous phases of our project (Aedo, Velayos & Tellería, 1999). Four species were included based only on literature records as their distribution area makes their presence in Equatorial Guinea likely. Locality names used in this checklist were brought up to date following Velayos et al. (2001: 147–149). A list of the localities in which Commelinaceae have been collected in Equatorial Guinea is given (Table S1, see Supporting Information), including information on geographical coordinates, mostly compiled from original labels (SOM). The checklist is alphabetically ordered by genus and species. Generic circumscription follows Faden (1998). The authors of scientific names are abbreviated according to Brummitt & Powell (1992). Those abbreviations that were not located in this book were confirmed with the updated version of ‘Authors of plant names’, available on the Internet at http://www. ipni.org/ipni/query_author.html. 107 For the identification of specimens, the available regional floras (Clarke, 1901; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936; Brenan, 1968a; Adam, 1981) were used. For Aneilema R.Br., Faden (1991) was used. Under each accepted name, a list of synonyms used in the relevant literature and the basionym are included. Specimens are ordered alphabetically by the different regions and provinces: Annobón, Bioko (provinces of Bioko Norte and Bioko Sur) and Río Muni (provinces of Centro Sur, Kie Ntem, Litoral and Wele Nzas). Previous bibliographical records for each taxon were grouped under the three regions. When the taxon was recorded under a synonym, this is indicated as follows: Clarke, 1901: 77, sub Forrestia tenuis. In the case of a misidentification, the author’s name is included following the cited species: Guinea, 1946: 328, sub Aneilema nudiflorum (L.) Sweet. The distribution range of each species is included, the information being obtained from the existing floras of the neighbouring countries (Clarke, 1901; Brenan, 1968a). When the information included in these floras was incomplete or out of date, we used some floristic studies of West and Central Africa to complete this information (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Cheek et al., 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). Commentaries on some species are included when necessary. A summary table is included comparing the checklist of Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea with the accounts of Commelinaceae of Cameroon and Gabon (Table 1). This summary table also includes data about the distribution of the species in the three main regions of Equatorial Guinea. THE CHECKLIST AMISCHOTOLYPE HASSK. 1. Amischotolype tenuis (C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao Buforrestia tenuis C.B.Clarke Forrestia tenuis (C.B.Clarke) Benth. Forrestia africana K.Schum. ex C.B.Clarke Forrestia lescrauwaetii De Wild. Forrestia preussii K.Schum. Centro Sur: Bicurga, Lisowski 1493 (BRLU); Monte Bata-Río Campo, Pérez Viso 2459 (MA-689863); SE du P.N. Monte Alén, au S du río Laña, près de la Cabaña ECOFAC de Misergue, Senterre & Obiang 3401 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, 1.5 km au NO de Moca, Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2809 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, près du village de Monte Alén (ECOFAC), Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2915 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Mosumu, Pérez Viso 1604 (MA-687148); SO P.N. Monte Alén, sur le transect ECOFAC de Mosumo à 500 m du début du layon, © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 108 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Table 1. Species list Equatorial Guinea Species Ann Bio Mun Gab Cam Kupe Oku MtC Amischotolype sp. Amischotolype tenuis Aneilema aequinoctiale Aneilema beniniense Aneilema dispermum Aneilema paludosum Aneilema silvaticum Aneilema umbrosum ssp. umbrosum ssp. ovato-oblongum Buforrestia mannii Buforrestia ovata Coleotrype laurentii Commelina africana Commelina benghalensis Commelina bracteosa Commelina cameroonensis Commelina capitata Commelina congesta Commelina diffusa ssp. diffusa ssp. montana Commelina erecta ssp. erecta Commelina longicapsa Commelina thomasii Cyanotis arachnoidea Cyanotis barbata Cyanotis lanata Cyanotis longifolia Floscopa africana ssp. majuscula ssp. petrophila Floscopa aquatica Floscopa confusa Floscopa glomerata Floscopa mannii Murdannia simplex Murdannia tenuissima Palisota alopecurus Palisota ambigua Palisota barteri Palisota bogneri Palisota brachythyrsa Palisota bracteosa Palisota hirsuta Palisota lagopus Palisota manii Palisota pedicellata Palisota preussiana Palisota satabiei Palisota schweinfurthii Palisota tholloni Pollia condensata Pollia mannii Polyspatha hirsuta Polyspatha paniculata Stanfieldiella brachycarpa Stanfieldiella imperforata Stanfieldiella oligantha Tricarpelema africanum - + + + + + + + - + + + - + + + + + + + + - + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + ? + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + - + + - + + + + - + + + - + + - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3 27 32 40 34 37 8 34 Total Comparison of the catalogue of Commelinaceae of Equatorial Guinea with the accounts for neighbouring countries. Acronyms and sources: Ann, Annobón (this study); Bio, Bioko (this study); Mun, Río Muni (this study); Gab, Gabon (Sosef et al., 2006); Cam, Cameroon (Govaerts, 2007); Kupé (Cheek et al., 2004); Oku (Cheek et al., 2000); MtC, Mount Cameroon (Cable & Cheek, 1998). Bold type: species expected to occur in Equatorial Guinea (but still not collected), as they are known from neighbouring countries. ?, doubtful report. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA Senterre & Ngomo 218 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 345 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 514 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 587 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken, Lisowski 428 (BRLU). Previously reported from Río Muni (Clarke, 1901: 77, sub F. tenuis; Guinea, 1946: 159, sub F. africana; Guinea, 1946: 252, sub ‘F. lescrauwaesii’ and sub F. preussii) and without any precise locality (Brenan, 1952b: 456, sub F. tenuis). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Congo, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Nigeria and Senegal (Brenan, 1968a: 24; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). ANEILEMA R.BR. 2. Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) G.Don Commelina aequinoctiale P.Beauv. Centro Sur: Bata-Monte Alén-Engong, márgenes del río Lobo, c. Engong, Carvalho 5525 (MA-599457); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Pérez Viso 332 (MA703873). Wele Nzas: Añisok, Pérez Viso 4178 (MA703872); Nkolentangan, Tessmann 51 (K). Previously reported from Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 254). This species has been reported from Angola, Benin, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea Conakry, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland and Zimbabwe (Brenan, 1968a: 30; Faden, 1991: 62; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006). 3. Aneilema beniniense (P.Beauv.) Kunth Commelina beniniensis P.Beauv. Bioko: Barter s.n. (K); Mann 92 (K); Vogel s.n. (K; MA-713234; MA-713235). Bioko Norte: cerca del cruce de Bariobe, Fernández Casas 11534 (K; MA-706608); Malabo-Luba, km 15, junto a la playa, Fernández Casas 12190 (K; MA-706609); Monte Balea, Guinea 529 (MA-223240); cerca de Rebola, Fernández Casas 11268 (K; MA-706603). Bioko Sur: cerca de Basacato del Oeste, Carvalho, Fernández Casas & al. 10053 (BM; MA-350198; MA-477130); Belebú Balachá, Fernández Casas 12118 (K; MA-706602); finca Puente, Guinea 1811 (MA-386543-2); Luba-Ruiché, Fernández Casas 11331 (K; MA-706605); Musola, Guinea 1152 (MA-386525); Carvalho 2514 (BM; K; MA-350206; MA-477132). Centro Sur: Bicurga, Lisowski 1390 (BRLU), Lisowski 1520 (BRLU), Lisowski 1521 (BRLU); Evinayong, Guinea 92 (MA-714258); Monte Alén-Evinayong, Nsung, Pérez Viso 1670 (MA-703867); Niefang-Mosumu, Miyobo, senda hacia el río Laña, Pérez Viso 2519 (MA-703864); P.N. Monte Alén, Esamalang, camino hacia Mondung, Pérez Viso 1137 (MA-687143); P.N. Monte Alén, Ngomo 68 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Lejoly 109 99/438 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 2751 (BRLU); Pérez Viso 2680 (MA-703865); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Lejoly 93/332 (BRLU), Van Reeth 91 (BRLU), Van Reeth 118 (BRLU); SW du P.N. Monte Alén, 2 km NE du site de traversée du rivière Uolo, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 1761 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken (réserve de Río Campo), Lejoly 97/063 (BRLU); Bata-Cogo, km 54, Binguro, Pérez Viso 2863 (MA-703863); Corisco, 100 m al N de la casa de Yniestrosa, Cabezas, Tellería & Velayos 9936 (MA-703869); Mandjani, estuaire du Río Muni, Nguema 103 (BRLU); Ndote, Eneme 277 (BRLU); Niuma, réserve de Río Campo, Lisowski 1024 (BRLU); San Joaquín de Adjiakom-Ayamiken, km 14, Río Campo, Pérez Viso 2501 (MA-703870). Wele Nzas: Temelon, Añisok, Pérez Viso 4125 (MA-703866). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 68; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 312; Exell, 1944: 348, 1973a: 388; Guinea, 1946: 254; Brenan, 1968a: 31; Cufodontis, 1971: 1517; Faden, 1996: 85) and Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 157). This species has been reported from Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Chad, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Zambia (Brenan, 1968a: 31; Faden, 1991: 145–146; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). 4. Aneilema dispermum Brenan Bioko Sur: Moca-lago Biaó, Fernández Casas 11955 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Brenan, 1968a: 31; Exell, 1973b: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Malawi and Tanzania (Faden, 1991: 145; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). According to Faden (1991: 146), West African plants are quite different from eastern ones. Nevertheless, this author studied the specimen collected in Equatorial Guinea (Faden, 1996: 87) and also determined it as A. dispermum. 5. Aneilema paludosum A.Chev. Litoral: Ayamiken, Lisowski 436 (BRLU), Lisowski 934 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has also been reported from Benin, Chad, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo (Brenan, 1968a: 32; Faden, 1991: 145; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006). 6. Aneilema silvaticum Brenan Bioko Norte: Monte Balea, Guinea 348 (MA-386524). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has been reported from Cameroon, D.R. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 110 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Congo and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 31; Faden, 1991: 146; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). 7. Aneilema umbrosum (Vahl) Kunth Commelina umbrosa Vahl Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, dalle rocheuse d’Engong, 5 km à l’O du village d’Engong, Parmentier & Esono 2847 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken, Lisowski 1054 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 312; Guinea, 1946: 254; Parmentier et al., 2001: 361). a. ssp. umbrosum Aneilema nigritanum (C.B.Clarke) Hutch. Bioko: Milne & Moore s.n. (K). Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, Moca-Bicurga, Pérez Viso 138 (MA703871). Wele Nzas: inselberg de Dumu, près du village de Dumu, Parmentier & Esono 3830 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 312, sub A. nigritanum; Guinea, 1946: 254, sub A. nigritanum; Brenan, 1952a: 200, sub A. umbrosum var. umbrosum and 1968a: 30; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). Not previously reported from Río Muni. This subspecies has also been reported from Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, D.R. Congo, Chad, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan and Togo (Brenan, 1968a: 30; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). b. ssp. ovato-oblongum (P.Beauv.) J.K.Morton Aneilema ovato-oblongum P.Beauv. Aneilema umbrosum var. ovato-oblongum (P.Beauv.) Brenan Commelina palisotii A.Dietr. Bioko Norte: Malabo-pico Basilé, km 6, Carvalho 2742 (MA-350208; MA-477131); pico Basilé, Vogel 143 (K). Bioko Sur: finca Puente, Guinea 1811 (K; MA-386543-1); Musola, trocha, Guinea 1172 (K; MA-386523). Litoral: Bata-Punta Mbonda, Esamangón, Carvalho 4744 (MA-597961). Wele Nzas: Mbiet, Añisok, Pérez Viso 3611 (MA-703862). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 69; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 312; Brenan, 1952a: 201, sub A. umbrosum var. ovatooblongum; Faden, 1996: 87) and from Equatorial Guinea [without any precise locality] (Guinea, 1946: 254, sub Commelina palisotii). Not previously recorded from Río Muni, this species, distributed pantropically, has been reported from Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 30–31; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). BUFORRESTIA C.B.CLARKE 8. Buforrestia mannii C.B.Clarke Bioko: Mann 96 (K; MA-713233). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 76; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 309; Guinea, 1946: 157, 252; Brenan, 1960: 283; Morton, 1967: 169; Brenan, 1968a: 40; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Gabon and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 40; Faden, 1998: 124; Sosef et al., 2006). COMMELINA L. 9. Commelina africana L. Commelina africana var. mannii (C.B.Clarke) Brenan This species has been reported from Bioko (Guinea, 1946: 253) and from Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253, sub C. africana var. mannii). We have not found any herbarium material of C. africana from Equatorial Guinea in BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. This species has been reported from Cape Verde to South Africa and from the Arabian peninsula (Brenan, 1968a: 45; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). The distribution range of this species suggests that it may occur in Equatorial Guinea. 10. Commelina benghalensis L. Annobón: San Pedro, Wrigley & Melville 228 (K; MA-223075). Bioko Sur: Moca, carretera, Guinea 1886 (MA-386513). Litoral: Ayamiken, Lisowski 922 (BRLU); Ndote Nord, près du village Jandje, Lisowski 297 (BRLU), Lisowski 1297 (BRLU). Previously reported from Annobón (Exell, 1963: 116, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87), Bioko (Guinea, 1946: 253), Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 184j) and Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253). In Africa, this palaeotropical species has also been reported from Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia (Brenan, 1968a: 48; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006). 11. Commelina cameroonensis J.K.Morton This species has been reported from Bioko (Morton, 1955: 318, 1967: 179; Brenan, 1968a: 49; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). We have not found any herbarium material of C. cameroonensis from Equatorial Guinea in BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. This species has been reported from neighbouring Cameroon and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 49; Cable & © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). The distribution range of the species suggests that it may occur in Equatorial Guinea. 12. Commelina capitata Benth. Bioko: Boughey 16 (K); Basacato, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-712323); Mann 91 (p.p.) (K). Bioko Norte: Basupú, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-712322); MalaboBaney, km 14, Monte de Oca, Carvalho 3206 (MA712327). Bioko Sur: orillas del lago Biaó, Guinea 2218 (MA-386467); Guinea 2219 (MA-386486); km 35 de la carretera de Luba, Guinea 719 (MA-223241); Moca, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-500334-1); Moca, Las Costeras, Guinea 2077 (MA-386487); Moca, Boughey 74 (K). Centro Sur: près de Bicurga, Lisowski 1369 (BRLU); Niefang, Abobem, Pérez Viso 4203 (MA-712324); P.N. Monte Alén, Ngomo 546 (BRLU), Ngomo 646 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, 3 km à l’O de la station ECOFAC, Lejoly 99/408 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Pérez Viso 342 (MA-712326); P.N. Monte Alén, Enkumekiem, Velayos & Pérez Viso 9311 (MA712328); P.N. Monte Alén, Esamalang, Pérez Viso 1175 (MA-687144); P.N. Monte Alén, Esamalan-lago Atoc, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2148 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Moca-Bong, Pérez Viso 752 (MA-687719); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2157 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Van Reeth 78 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Monte Chocolate, Pérez Viso 4061 (MA-712325); P.N. Monte Alén, 2 km au NO du transect de Monte Chocolate, vers 5 km de l’origine Senterre & Obiang 3784 (BRLU); transect de Monte Chocolate, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 28 (BRLU). Kie Ntem: Ebebiyín-Mongomo, Eloan, Pérez Viso 4263 (MA-712321). Litoral: Bata-Niefang, km 35, zona de Comayá, Carvalho 5680 (BRLU; MA-598990). Wele Nzas: inselberg de Mfui, 50 km à l’E de Añisok, Obama & Lejoly 397 (BRLU); Nkolentangan, Tessmann 233a (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 54; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 318; Guinea, 1946: 253; Brenan, 1968a: 47; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87), Río Muni (Lejoly & Lisowski, 1999: 120) and Equatorial Guinea, without precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253). This species has been reported from Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Chad, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 47; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). The herbarium specimen Mann 91 (studied at K) is a mixed collection of C. capitata and C. congesta. 13. Commelina congesta C.B.Clarke Commelina condensata C.B.Clarke 111 Bioko: Mann 91 (p.p.) (K; MA-713243photography-); Mann s.n. (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 43, sub C. condensata; Mildbraed, 1922: 179, sub C. condensata; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 320; Exell, 1944: 350, 1973a: 388; Guinea, 1946: 254; Brenan, 1968a: 49; Faden, 1996: 87) and Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 157). This species has been reported from Benin, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Congo, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 49; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). 14. Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Bioko: Lope del Val s.n. (MA-500335). Bioko Norte: Bahía de Venus, Guinea 233bis (K); Malabo, Swarbrick 2926 (K); subida al pico Basilé, Fernández Casas & al. 10185 (MA-350200; MA-477128). Bioko Sur: Moca, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-500334-2); Lope del Val s.n. (MA-714486); Wrigley & Melville 690 (K); Ureca, Guinea 2451 (MA-386514). Centro Sur: Niefang, explotación forestal de Matroguisa, Pérez Viso 2295 (MA-712466); Niefang-Mosumo, Miyobo, senda hacia el río Laña, Pérez Viso 2534 (MA-712454); P.N. Monte Alén, 5 km au NW de Engong, inselberg Lejoly 99/075 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Moca-Bicurga, Pérez Viso 137 (MA-712458). Litoral: Bata, cerca del puerto, Pérez Viso 1441 (MA-687146); au S de Bata, près du fleuve Ecucu, Lisowski 1216 (BRLU); BataBome, Carvalho 5521 (MA-599454); Mbini, Lisowski 131 (BRLU); Ondoa, Pérez Viso 3530 (MA-712465); réserve de Río Campo, près du village Niuma, Lisowski 1021 (BRLU); Río Campo, Yengüe, Pérez Viso 2808 (MA-690379). Previously reported from Annobón (Exell, 1944: 350–351), Bioko (Guinea, 1946: 96 h and 254, both sub C. nudiflora; Exell, 1944: 350–351; Faden, 1996: 87) and Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 120, sub C. nudiflora, 157, sub C. nudiflora, 159, sub C. nudiflora, 328, sub Aneilema nudiflorum (L.) Sweet.; Lejoly & Lisowski, 1999: 101). The specimen Guinea 233bis (K), collected in Bioko Sur, has a handwritten label by Emilio Guinea identifying it as C. nudiflora, a species currently included in Murdannia. We have studied and identified this voucher as C. diffusa as it has the inflorescence included in a spathe, a character absent in Murdannia. a. ssp. diffusa Bioko: Vogel 67 (K). Bioko Norte: Malabo-pico Basilé, km 13–14, Carvalho 3791 (K; MA-712470). Bioko Sur: Belebú Balachá, Fernández Casas 12117 (K; MA-706610); Moca, Boughey 67 (K); Musola-Luba, km 11, Carvalho 2741 (K; MA-350205; MA-477129). Kie © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 112 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Ntem: Ebebiyín-Mongomo, Eloan, Pérez Viso 4279 (MA-712471). Litoral: Bata, Davies 333 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 37, sub C. nudiflora L.; Mildbraed, 1922: 179, sub C. nudiflora; Brenan, 1968a: 47; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). This subspecies has been reported from Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 47; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). Exell (1973a: 388) ascribed some reports of C. nudiflora to C. diffusa ssp. diffusa, including the material from Annobon and Bioko islands. b. ssp. montana J.K.Morton Annobón: N shore of Crater Lake, Wrigley & Melville 77 (K; MA-223081). Bioko Sur: desembocadura del lago Biaó, Fernández Casas 11974 (K). Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, 5 km au NO de Engong, Lejoly 99/439 (BRLU), Lejoly 99/457 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 2713 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 2935 (BRLU); Parmentier & Esono 2975 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, à 1 h 30 de marche du site ECOFAC de Monte Alén, Parmentier & Esono 3022 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3441 (BRLU). Litoral: Corisco, Cabezas, Tellería & Velayos 9951 (MA-712464). Previously reported from Bioko (Brenan, 1968a: 47; Exell, 1973a: 388) and Río Muni (Parmentier, 2001: 915). This subspecies has been reported from neighbouring Cameroon and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 47; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). 15. Commelina erecta L. a. ssp. erecta Commelina vogelii C.B.Clarke Bioko: Vogel 261 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 56, sub C. vogelii; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 320, sub C. vogelii; Guinea, 1946: 254, sub C. vogelii; Brenan, 1968a: 49; Cufodontis, 1971: 1512; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). In Africa, this widely distributed species has been reported from Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 49; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006). 16. Commelina longicapsa C.B.Clarke Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Lejoly 94/173 (BRLU); N P.N. Monte Alén, 2 km au NO du transect ECOFAC de Monte Chocolate, Senterre & Ngomo 3573 (BRLU); transect de Monte Chocolate, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 29 (BRLU); SO P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Mosumo, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 1988 (BRLU); Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2040 (BRLU); Senterre & Ngomo 227 (BRLU); Senterre & Ngomo 426 (BRLU); SE P.N. Monte Alén, près du transect ECOFAC de Enkumekien, Senterre & Obiang 3635 (BRLU); SO P.N. Monte Alén, 2 km au NE du site de traversée du rivière Wele, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 1751 (BRLU); Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2042 (BRLU). Litoral: aire protégée de Ndote-route forestière Engong-Jandje, Lejoly & Van Asbroeck 32 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: Aconibe-Acurenam, Eviam, Pérez Viso 1814 (MA712463). Previously reported from Río Muni (Clarke, 1901: 55; Brenan, 1968a: 47–48). This species has been reported from Angola, Cameroon, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 48; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 17. Commelina thomasii Hutch. This species has been reported from Bioko (Morton, 1967: 189). We have not found any herbarium material of C. thomasii from Equatorial Guinea in BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. It has been reported from Benin, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo (Brenan, 1968a: 47; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). The distribution range of the species suggests that it may occur in Equatorial Guinea. CYANOTIS D.DON 18. Cyanotis arachnoidea C.B.Clarke Wele Nzas: région d’Añisok, village Nzuamayong, inselberg Akuom, Lisowski 658 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species, widely distributed in the palaeotropics, in Africa has been reported from Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria and Tanzania (Brenan, 1968a: 40; Sosef et al., 2006). 19. Cyanotis barbata D.Don Cyanotis abyssinica A.Rich. Cyanotis mannii C.B.Clarke Bioko Norte: pico Basilé, Mann 616 (K; MA-713242photography-). Previously recorded from Bioko (Hooker, 1862: 21, 1864: 224, sub C. abyssinica; Clarke, 1901: 83, sub C. mannii; Mildbraed, 1922: 179, sub C. vogelii; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 317; Guinea, 1946: 252, sub C. mannii; Brenan, 1968a: 38; Cufodontis, 1971: 1520; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 87). In Africa, this palaeotropical species has been reported from Cameroon, Congo, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA Uganda and Zimbabwe (Brenan, 1968a: 38; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). The voucher Mann 616 (K) seems to be the specimen supporting these historical records of this species, as a label handwritten by J. Hooker identifying the plant as C. abyssinica is included. On the label, the date of collection (December) and altitude (9000 ft) are also identical. Brenan (1964) studied the voucher and identified it as C. barbata, the currently accepted species. 20. Cyanotis lanata Benth. Bioko Sur: Luba-Malabo, km 33, Carvalho 2596 (MA350203; MA-477127). Previously reported from Bioko (Faden, 1996: 87) and Río Muni (Lejoly & Lisowski, 1999: 116, 118; Parmentier, 2001: 920, 921). This species has been reported from Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland and Togo (Brenan, 1968a: 40; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006). FLOSCOPA LOUR. 21. Floscopa africana (P.Beauv.) C.B.Clarke Centro Sur: P.N. de Monte Alén, 5 km au NO de Engong, Lejoly 99/454 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Mildbraed, 1922: 179). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Sosef et al., 2006). a. ssp. majuscula (C.B.Clarke) Brenan Floscopa africana var. majuscula C.B.Clarke Litoral: Bebai Campogebiet, Tessmann 681 (K). Previously reported from Río Muni (Brenan, 1968a: 28). This subspecies has been reported from Benin, Cameroon, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Liberia and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). b. ssp. petrophila J.K.Morton Bioko Sur: Malabo-Moca, servicio agronómico de Musola, Carvalho 2726 (K; MA-350207; MA477126); Moca-Ureca, Carvalho 4178 (K; MA-700566); Ruiché-Gran Caldeira de Luba, Carvalho 3831 (K; MA-703876). Centro Sur: Miyobo, Niefang-Mosumu, senda hacia el río Laña, Pérez Viso 2546 (MA-703875). Litoral: Bata-Niefang, km 35, zona de Comayá, entre los ríos Sama y Comayá, Carvalho 5763 (MA-599067). Wele Nzas: Acasakira, 3 km au Sud de Nsork, Obama & Lejoly 571 (BRLU; MA-612202). 113 Previously reported from Bioko (Faden, 1996: 87). This subspecies has been reported from Cameroon, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 22. Floscopa aquatica Hua Litoral: Bata-Bome, Carvalho 5562 (MA-598772). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has been reported from Congo, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Sosef et al., 2006). 23. Floscopa confusa Brenan Wele Nzas: P.N. de Nsork, Obamico, Nguema & Esono 264 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has been reported from Cameroon, Congo, D.R. Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004). 24. Floscopa glomerata (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f) Hassk. Tradescantia glomerata Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Van Reeth 19 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken, reserva de Río Campo, Lejoly 97/103 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. It has been reported from Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, D.R. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland and Tanzania (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Sosef et al., 2006). 25. Floscopa mannii C.B.Clarke Litoral: Corisco Bay, Mann 1867 (K; MA-713241). Wele Nzas: inselberg Acoak Banga, près de Ngong Mocomo (Nsork) Lejoly & Elad 98/076 (BRLU). Previously reported from Río Muni (Clarke, 1901: 86; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 311; Guinea, 1946: 253; Brenan, 1968a: 28). It has been reported from Gabon and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 28; Sosef et al., 2006). MURDANNIA ROYLE 26. Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan Commelina simplex Vahl Litoral: Bebai Campogebiet, Tessmann 292 (K); isla de Corisco, Obama 716 (BRLU); Macomo, 17 km from Bata-río Wele, Sandford 6062 (K); Ndote Nord, près du village Jandje, Lisowski 269 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. Palaeotropical species. In Africa, it has been reported from Angola, Benin, Burundi, Chad, D.R. Congo, © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 114 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan and Swaziland (Brenan, 1968a: 26; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). PALISOTA RCHB. 27. Palisota ambigua (P.Beauv.) C.B.Clarke Commelina ambigua P.Beauv. Centro Sur: inselberg de Bicurga, Parmentier 1612 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3160 (BRLU); Monte Alén, Ngomo 328 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Bicurga, Senterre & Ngomo 481 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Parmentier & Esono 2685 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Mosumo, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 277 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 389 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 518 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Encumenkien, Senterre & Ngomo 39 (BRLU). Litoral: Río Campo, Yengüe, Pérez Viso 2788 (MA-724249). Wele Nzas: inselberg de Mfui, 50 km à l’E de Añisok, Obama & Lejoly 398 (BRLU); Ncoho Yenguem, km 38 de la carretera de Ncue, Pérez Viso 3697 (MA-724246). Previously reported from Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 159; Brenan, 1968a: 35; Parmentier, 2001: 916; Parmentier et al., 2001: 364). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Gabon and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 35; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 28. Palisota barteri Hook. Palisota staudtii K.Schum. Centro Sur: Monte Alén, Lisowski 1538 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén-transect de Monte Alén, Van Reeth 45 (BRLU); transect de Monte Chocolate, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 34 (BRLU); transect de Enkumekien, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 125 (BRLU); Senterre & Obiang 3636 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken, Río Campo, Obama 17 (BRLU), Obama 111 (BRLU); estuaire du Río Muni, Mandjani, Nguema 101 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: inselberg de Akoak Ebanga, à 1 h de marche du village de Ngong Mocomo, à 10 km de Nsork, Parmentier & Nguema 32 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 29; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 315; Guinea, 1946: 253; Brenan, 1968a: 35–36; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 91), Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 142, 157, 159, sub P. staudtii) and Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253). This species has been reported from Cameroon, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone (Brenan, 1968a: 35; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 29. Palisota bogneri Brenan Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Mosumo, Senterre & Ngomo 896 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has only been reported from neighbouring Gabon (Brenan, 1984: 829; Sosef et al., 2006). 30. Palisota bracteosa C.B.Clarke Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Lejoly 94/164 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Enkumekien, Senterre & Ngomo 8 (BRLU); Senterre & Obiang 3637 (BRLU). Litoral: Ayamiken, Río Campo, Lejoly 97/099 (BRLU); Obama 65 (BRLU); Eman-ngos, Obama 833 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has been reported from Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 31. Palisota hirsuta (Thunb.) K.Schum. Dracaena hirsuta Thunb. Bioko: Lope del Val s.n. (MA-724253). Centro Sur: cercanías de Alosa, Niefang, Castelo & Juste s.n. (MA-724241); Bicaba, Niefang-Monte Alén, Pérez Viso 3460 (MA-687692); Bisun, Niefang-Evinayong, Pérez Viso 3395 (MA-687695); Monte Alén, Ngomo 23 (BRLU), Ngomo 318 (BRLU); Mosumo, Aedo & al. 5132 (MA-691425); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Pérez Viso 350 (MA-724254); P.N. Monte Alén, Moca-Bong, Pérez Viso 175 (MA-724256); P.N. Monte Aléntransect de Monte Alén, Van Reeth 83 (BRLU), Van Reeth 349 (BRLU); Van Reeth 275 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, río Vog-yii, Pérez Viso 3211 (MA-724250). Litoral: Ayamiken, Lejoly 97/27 (BRLU), Lejoly 97/96 (BRLU); Lisowski 921 (BRLU); Obama 7 (BRLU), Obama 51 (BRLU); cerca de Bongoro, Río Campo, Pérez Viso 2216 (MA-724252); río Benito, camino de Kogasim, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-724247); Etembue, réserve de Ndote, Eneme & Lejoly 39 (BRLU); Lisowski 561 (BRLU); village Jandje, Ndote Nord, Eneme 481 (BRLU); Lisowski 115 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: 3 km au S de Asoc, Lejoly 99/306 (BRLU); Eviam, Pérez Viso 2617 (MA-724248); MikomesengNcue, Alum, Pérez Viso 3028 (MA-688930); P.N. Nsork, Obamico, Nguema, Esono & Lejoly 255 (BRLU); Temelon, Añisok, Pérez Viso 4148 (MA724242). Unknown province: Río Muni: río Wele, camino de Kogasim, Lope del Val s.n. (MA-724243, MA-724247). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 32, sub P. thyrsiflora; Mildbraed, 1922: 179, sub P. thyrsiflora; Guinea, 1946: 253, sub P. thyrsiflora, 1968: 130; Brenan, 1968a: 35; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 91) and Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 142, 159, 184i, 232b, 253; Lejoly & Lisowski, 1999: 120). This species has been reported from Angola, Benin, Cameroon, © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone (Vanden Berghen, 1988: 138; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). 32. Palisota lagopus Mildbr. Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, Asok, Pérez Viso 424 (MA-724255); P.N. Monte Alén, au N du río Laña, près de la Cabaña ECOFAC de Misergue, Senterre & Obiang 3227 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén-Cabaña Bong, Senterre & Obiang 2665 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Monte Chocolate, vers 1100 m de l’origine, Senterre & Ngomo 3460 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, 200 m au S du transect ECOFAC de Mosumo à 1620 m du début du layon, Senterre & Ngomo 711 (BRLU); Senterre & Ngomo 819 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, 2 km au NE du site de traversée du río Wele pour aller aux cataractas, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2386 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has only been reported from neighbouring Cameroon and Gabon (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 33. Palisota mannii C.B.Clarke Centro Sur: inselberg de Bicurga, près du village de Bicurga, Parmentier & Esono 3217 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, 5 km à l’O du village d’Engong, Parmentier & Esono 2817 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Monte Chocolate, Senterre & Ngomo 3532 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Enkumekien, Senterre & Obiang 3759 (BRLU), Senterre & Obiang 3633 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: inselberg de Akoak Ebanga, à 10 km de Nsork, Parmentier & Esono 3576 (BRLU); Parmentier & Esono 3577 (BRLU); inselberg de Mungum, 45 min de marche du village de Cucumancoc, Parmentier & Esono 3411 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 29; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 315; Guinea, 1946: 253; Brenan, 1968a: 35; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 91). This species has been reported from Angola, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan and Uganda (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 34. Palisota pedicellata K.Schum. Palisota laxiflora var. annobonensis Mildbr. Annobón: Sulcada, Melville 271 (BM826251); Santa Mina, Mildbraed 6695 (HBG). Previously reported from Annobón (Mildbraed, 1922: 160, sub P. laxiflora var. annobonensis; Exell, 1944: 349, 1968: 134, 1973a: 388). This species has been reported from neighbouring São Tomé & Príncipe (Exell, 1944, 1973a). 115 35. Palisota preussiana K.Schum ex C.B.Clarke Bioko Sur: Moca, Boughey 51 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Morton, 1967: 205– 206; Brenan, 1968a: 35; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 91) and from Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253). This species has otherwise only been reported from Cameroon (Govaerts, 2007). 36. Palisota satabiei Brenan Centro Sur: P.N. Monte Alén, N du río Laña, près de la Cabaña ECOFAC de Misergue, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2102 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2807 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, NO du transect ECOFAC de Monte Chocolate, Senterre & Ngomo 3457 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 3575 (BRLU); Senterre & Ngomo 3576 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect ECOFAC de Mosumo, Senterre & Ngomo 246 (BRLU), Senterre & Ngomo 579 (BRLU); Senterre & Obiang 4138 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, près du transect ECOFAC de Enkumekien, Senterre & Obiang 3634 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, traversée du río Wele pour aller aux cataractas, Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 1779 (BRLU), Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 2041 (BRLU); Senterre & Nguema 3091 (BRLU). Litoral: along river Metom, 52 km from Bata on the río Wele road, Sandford 5876 (K); réserve de Ndoté, à proximité de la piste forestière SOFOGE, 9.5 km à l’O de Engong, Senterre & Obiang 4202 (BRLU). Not previously reported from Equatorial Guinea. This species has only been reported from Cameroon and Gabon (Brenan, 1984; Sosef et al., 2006). 37. Palisota schweinfurthii C.B.Clarke Bioko Norte: carretera del pico Basilé, km 13–14, Carvalho 3796 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Faden, 1996: 91), Río Muni (Brenan, 1968a: 35) and Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 253). This species has been reported from Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (Sosef et al., 2006). POLLIA THUNB. 38. Pollia condensata C.B.Clarke Bioko: Barter s.n. (K; MA-713230); Mann s.n. (K-307675; MA-713229-photography-); Mann 93 (K; MA-713231-photography-). Bioko Norte: MalaboBaney, km 14, Montes de Oca, Carvalho 3211 (MA701169); Malabo-Cupapa, km 21–22, Carvalho 4125 (MA-706615); Monte Balea, Guinea 385 (MA-387146). Centro Sur: Bata-Niefang, Nhogo Ebaiñ, Pérez Viso 2700bis (MA-703858); Monte Alén, Ngomo 111 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, subida al mirador, Cabezas, © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 116 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Tellería & Velayos 10023 (MA-703859); P.N. Monte Alén, subida al monte Alén, Pérez Viso 114 (MA703878); P.N. Monte Alén-transect de Monte Alén, Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 190 (BRLU), Lejoly 94/163 (BRLU), Van Reeth 82 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Moca, Pérez Viso 80 (MA-703861); P.N. Monte Alén, Mosumu, Pérez Viso 640 (MA-687145); P.N. Monte Alén, Ngong, Cabezas 153 (MA-695690); SO du P.N. Monte Alén, transect Ecofac de Mosumo, Senterre & Ngomo 506 (BRLU). Litoral: Bata-Cogo, km 67, Pérez Viso 1852 (MA-703860); carretera de Mbini, Pérez Viso 3350 (MA-687724); Pérez Viso 3351 (MA687697). Wele Nzas: Akok, Acurenam-Aconibe, Pérez Viso 2017 (MA-691421); région d’Añisok, environs de Temelon, près du village Ayene, Lisowski 600 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Henriques, 1887: 205; Clarke, 1901: 27; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 314; Exell, 1944: 348, 1973a: 388; Guinea, 1946: 252, 1968: 130; Brenan, 1968a: 33; Cufodontis, 1971: 1507; Faden, 1996: 91–92), Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 157) and Equatorial Guinea [without any precise locality] (Guinea, 1946: 252). This species has also been reported from Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé & Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 33; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 39. Pollia mannii C.B.Clarke This species has been reported from Bioko (Guinea, 1946: 252). We have not found any herbarium material of P. mannii from Equatorial Guinea in BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. Pollia mannii is common in the understorey of both undisturbed and secondary rainforest in tropical regions. In tropical Africa, this species has been reported from Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, São Tomé & Príncipe, Tanzania and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 32; Sosef et al., 2006). The distribution range of the species suggests that it may occur in Equatorial Guinea. POLYSPATHA BENTH. 40. Polyspatha paniculata Benth. Polyspatha glaucescens (C.B.Clarke) Hutch. Polyspatha paniculata var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke Bioko: Barter 1474 (K), Barter 2055 (K), Guinea 2646 (MA-386469), Mann s.n. (K; MA-713237), Vogel s.n. (K; MA-713240-photography-), Vogel 93 (K; MA-713238-photography-; MA-713239-photography-). Bioko Norte: Malabo-aeroporto, km 3, Carvalho 2556 (K; MA-350202; MA-477120); misión de Malabo, Guinea 794 (MA-386468); Monte Balea, Guinea 394 (MA-386484). Bioko Sur: carretera de Luba, km 35, Guinea 717 (MA-386485); Musola, Guinea 1133 (MA-223242); Musola, Monkey Bush, Guinea 939 (K). Centro Sur: Abobem, Niefang, Pérez Viso 4192 (MA687051); versant d’une montagne près de Bicurga, Lisowski 1494 (BRLU), Parmentier 1796 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3161 (BRLU); Monte Alén, Lisowski 1439 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, station ECOFAC, De Wilde, Bakhuizen & Elad 12017 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Engong, Pérez Viso 2667 (MA-703205); Velayos, Aedo & Pérez Viso 9499 (MA703201); N du P.N. Monte Alén, sur le sentier pédagogique, 1.5 km au NO de Moca, Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2780 (BRLU). Litoral: Bata-Niefang, km 35, Adjape-Comayá, Carvalho 5679 (BRLU; MA-598973); Bebai, Campogebiet, Tessmann 703 (K); carretera de Cogo, km 19, Mokomo, Pérez Viso 3896 (MA-703200); Ndote Nord, près du village Jandje, Lisowski 165 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: Nzuamayong et inselberg Akuom, Obama & Lejoly 429 (BRLU). Unknown province: Río Muni, Sandford 6046 (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 62; Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 320a and 320b, sub P. glaucescens; Guinea, 1946: 254a and 254b, sub P. glaucescens, 1968: 130; Brenan, 1968a: 42; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 92), Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 159; Brenan, 1968a: 42; Parmentier et al., 2001: 364) and Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 254). This species has also been reported from Angola, Benin, Guinea Conakry, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Congo, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda (Brenan, 1968a: 42; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). STANFIELDIELLA BRENAN 41. Stanfieldiella brachycarpa (Gilg & Lederm. ex Mildbr.) Brenan Buforrestia brachycarpa Gilg & Lederm. ex Mildbr. Buforrestia brachycarpa var. hirsuta Brenan Stanfieldiella brachycarpa var. hirsuta (Brenan) Brenan Bioko: Mann s.n. (K). Previously reported from Bioko (Morton, 1967: 207–208; Brenan, 1968a: 24, sub S. brachycarpa var. hirsuta; Exell, 1973a: 388; Faden, 1996: 92). This species has been reported from Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Gabon and Nigeria (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 42. Stanfieldiella imperforata Brenan Buforrestia imperforata C.B.Clarke (C.B.Clarke) © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA Bioko: Moca-cascadas do río Iladyi, Carvalho 3893 (MA-703202). Centro Sur: inselberg de Bicurga, près du village de Bicurga, Lisowski 1499 (BRLU), Parmentier 1687 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3115 (BRLU); Monte Alén, Lisowski 1441 (BRLU); Nfing Ntagan, Niefang-Bata, a continuación de Mosumu, Pérez Viso 2749 (MA-703173); P.N. Monte Alén, Bong, senda hacia el lago Atok, Pérez Viso 1322 (MA703204); P.N. Monte Alén, 5 km au NO de Engong, inselberg, Lejoly 99/453 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 2712 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Esamalang, camino hacia Mondung, Pérez Viso 1132 (MA-687142); P.N. Monte Alén, Misergue-río Laña, Pérez Viso 3233 (MA703874); P.N. Monte Alén, transect de Monte Alén, Lejoly 93/341 (BRLU); Parmentier & Nguema 402 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3440 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3043 (BRLU), Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2757 (BRLU), Van Reeth 17 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, NO du transect Ecofac de Monte Chocolate, Senterre & Obiang 3794 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, Moca, Pérez Viso 874 (MA-689884); P.N. de Monte Alén, 1.5 km au NO de Moca, Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2808 (BRLU); P.N. Monte Alén, transect Ecofac de Enkumekien, Senterre & Ngomo 20 (BRLU); SE P.N. Monte Alén, au N du río Laña, près de la Cabaña Ecofac de Misergue, Senterre & Obiang 3284 (BRLU). Litoral: Bata-Niefang, km 35, Adjape-Comayá, Carvalho 5795 (MA-609958); 5893 (MA-599789); Bongoro, Río Campo, Pérez Viso 2210 (MA-703877); Etembue, réserve de Ndote, Eneme & Lejoly 48 (BRLU); Ndote Sud, Espigon, Lisowski 1135 (BRLU); réserve de Ndote, Eneme 159 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: Acasakira, 3 km au S Nsork, Obama & Lejoly 545 (MA-612120; BRLU); inselberg de Akoak Ebanga, à 1 h de marche du village de Ngong Mocomo, à 10 km de Nsork, Parmentier & Nguema 201 (BRLU), Nguema & Parmentier 491 (BRLU); inselberg d’Akuom, à 1 h 30 de marche (6 km) du village de Nzuameyong, à 25 km d’Añisoc, Parmentier & Nguema 340bis (BRLU); inselberg d’Asoc, a côté de la route près du village d’Asoc, à 15 km de Mongomo, Parmentier & Esono 3730 (BRLU); Mofú, cerca de Oven, Pérez Viso 2137 (MA-702674); P.N. Nsork, Obamicu, Nguema, Esono & Lejoly 276 (BRLU); région d’Añisok, environs de Temelon, près du village Ayene, Lisowski 351 (BRLU). Previously reported from Bioko (Clarke, 1901: 76, sub B. imperforata; Mildbraed, 1922: 179, sub B. imperforata; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 309, sub B. imperforata; Exell, 1944: 348, sub B. imperforata, 1973a: 389; Guinea, 1946: 252, sub B. imperforata; Faden, 1996: 92, sub S. imperforata (C.B. Clarke) Brenan var. imperforata) and Río Muni (Guinea, 1946: 159, sub B. imperforata). This species has also been reported from Angola, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, D.R. Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda 117 (Brenan, 1968a: 24; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). 43. Stanfieldiella oligantha (Mildbr.) Brenan Buforrestia oligantha Mildbr. Bioko Norte: Malabo-aeroporto, Carvalho 4098 (K; MA-703203); Malabo-Baney, Monte Oca, Carvalho 3208 (K; MA-703174). Previously reported from Bioko (Faden, 1996: 92). This species has also been reported from Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Nigeria (Brenan, 1968a: 24; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Sosef et al., 2006). TRICARPELEMA J.K.MORTON 44. Tricarpelema africanum Faden Centro Sur: Bicurga, Lejoly 99/483 (US); inselberg de Bicurga, Parmentier & Esono 3101 (BRLU), Parmentier & Esono 3253 (BRLU). Wele Nzas: Région d’Anisok, au-dessus du village Nzuamayong, inselberg Akuom Lisowski 640 (BRLU); monument naturelle de Piedra Nzas, Lejoly 99/244 (BRLU); inselberg Akuom, 6 km à l’est de Nzuamayong, Obama & Lejoly 645 (BRLU); inselberg Dumu, Parmentier & Esono 3586 (BRLU); inselberg de Dumu, Porembski et al. 3573 (BRLU, US); inselberg de Mfui, 50 km à l’E de Añisok, Obama & Lejoly 363 (BRLU), Nguema 179 (US); inselberg de Mfui, Porembski & al. 3512 (BRLU). Previously reported from Río Muni (Lejoly & Lisowski, 1999: 116, 118, both sub Tricarpelema sp.; Parmentier, 2001: 915, sub T. africanum; Parmentier et al., 2001: 351, 360; Parmentier & Nguema, 2001: 218, picture, sub T. africanum). This species has previously been reported from Gabon (Reitsma, Louis & Floret, 1992 sub Tricarpelema sp.; Faden, 2007). DOUBTFUL RECORDS Forrestia grewenii (Hub.) Winkl. This species has been reported previously from Río Muni, Litoral province, ‘Entre Utonde y Punta Mbonda y Mepemba’ (Guinea, 1946: 157), and from Equatorial Guinea, without any precise locality (Guinea, 1946: 252). We have not found any herbarium material of F. grewenii from Equatorial Guinea in BATA, BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. Forrestia pedunculosa Mildbr. This species has been reported previously from Equatorial Guinea [without any precise locality] (Guinea, 1946: 252). We have not found any herbarium material of F. pedunculosa from Equatorial Guinea in BATA, BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 118 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. Palisota bicolor Mast. This species has been reported from Bioko (Mildbraed, 1922: 179; Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1936: 315; Guinea, 1946: 253; Exell, 1973b: 388; Faden, 1996: 91). Nevertheless, none of the current authors could study the material supporting these records. Masters described P. bicolor (1878: 527) from a cultivated plant at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, collected from Bioko by ‘Messrs. Veitch’. The original collection seems to have disappeared, and no herbarium material has been located. The original poor description refers only to the leaves, and none of the reports from this plant has enabled us to unravel the identity of this species. Clarke (1901: 32) proposed that P. bicolor should be one of the ‘hemiscapose’ group of species of this genus: P. barteri, P. bracteosa or P. mannii. We have not found any herbarium material supporting these reports in BATA, BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US. Until material or more references become available, we have to treat P. bicolor as a doubtful species. Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn Rhoeo discolor (L’Hér.) Hance Although this species has been reported from Bioko by several authors (Guinea, 1946: 254, 352b, both sub Rhoeo discolor; Exell, 1973b: 388; Faden, 1996: 92), no voucher supporting these records was indicated. We have found one voucher (Guinea s.n., MA-715177) of this species collected in Equatorial Guinea. This confirms the presence of this species in the country. Nevertheless, the genus Rhoeo, included in Tradescantia in Faden (1998), grows only in the New World. The specimen and the literature reports probably refer to plants growing in cultivation in the Agronomic Service in Malabo as ornamentals. We have not found any other reference or collection that could indicate the naturalization of this species in this area. SUMMARY The total number of taxa listed here for Equatorial Guinea is 46. The list of species is based on herbarium material, with the exception of four reports from the literature; the distribution ranges of the species suggest that they may occur in Equatorial Guinea. Eleven species are reported for the first time for the country. These reports are mainly from Río Muni, one of the least explored territories of the country and probably of West and Central Africa (Aedo & Velayos, 2001). Our work increases the catalogue of Commelinaceae for Equatorial Guinea by 114%. Although we show an increase in species of Commelinaceae, many plants already reported from Cameroon and Gabon still have not been found in Equatorial Guinea (Table 1), reflecting the need for further exploration, especially of less well-known areas, such as the southeast region of Río Muni and Annobon Island. Rainforests of West Africa are estimated to contain about 50% of the total number of African plant species (Sayer, Harcourt & Collins, 1992), and this is reflected in the higher values of diversity, endemism and floristic richness obtained in different floristic studies in the Gulf of Guinea area (Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek et al., 2000, 2004; Fero et al., 2003; Parmentier & Geerinck, 2003; Cabezas et al., 2004, 2005; Estrella et al., 2005, 2006; Akoègninou et al., 2006; Cabezas, 2006; Sosef et al., 2006). Our results support previous data in indicating that Equatorial Guinea, despite its small area, and neighbouring Gabon are the most undisturbed primary rainforest regions of continental Africa (Hamilton, 1994). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank the staff of the herbaria of BATA, BM, BRLU, K, LISC, LISU, MA and US for their help and collaboration, especially Jill Marsden and Lulu Rico (K), Roy Vickery (BM) and Jean Lejoly, Ingrid Parmentier and Bruno Senterre (BRLU). They facilitated the loan of specimens, some even of their own collections. We are also indebted to the four referees who carefully checked the manuscript, improving it with their remarks. This work was financed by the Spanish Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (DGICYT) through the research projects REN2002-011299, REN2005-03990 and CGL2006-01223/BOS. M. de la Estrella was funded by a Universidad Complutense of Madrid grant. REFERENCES Adam JG. 1981. Flore descriptive des monts Nimba (Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée, Liberia), Vol. 5. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Aedo C, Velayos M. 2001. Exploraciones botánicas en Guinea Ecuatorial. In: Aedo C, Morales R, Tellería MT, Velayos M, eds. Botánica y botánicos en Guinea Ecuatorial. Madrid: Real Jardín Botánico y Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 23–49. Aedo C, Velayos M, Tellería MT. 1999. Bases documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial. Plantas vasculares y hongos. 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Diversity and classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press. Vanden Berghen C. 1988. Monocotylédones: Agavacées à Orchidacées. In: Berhaut J, ed. Flore illustrée du Sénégal, Vol. 9. Dakar: Government du Sénégal, Ministére de la Protection de la Nature, Direction de Eaux et Forêts, 1– 523. Velayos M, Aedo C, Pérez Viso R. 2001. Checklist of the pteridophytes of Equatorial Guinea. Belgian Journal of Botany 134: 145–191. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 COMMELINACEAE OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA 121 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Table S1. SOM. List of localities of collection in Equatorial Guinea. The information on coordinates was obtained from the original labels in most cases; when the information was incomplete, it was approximated using available data at the Internet sites (http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/tgn/; http://earth.google.es/). Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. LIST OF COLLECTIONS Species are indicated by a number in parentheses corresponding to the number in the checklist. Aedo & al. 5132 (31). Barter 1474 (40); 2055 (40); s.n. (K) (3); s.n. (K-307676; MA-713230) (38). Boughey 16 (12); 51 (35); 67 (14a); 74 (12). Cabezas 153 (38). Carvalho 2514 (3); 2556 (40); 2596 (20); 2726 (21b); 2741 (14a); 2742 (7b); 3206 (12); 3208 (43); 3211 (38); 3791 (14a); 3796 (37); 3831 (21b); 3893 (42); 4098 (43); 4125 (38); 4178 (21b); 4744 (7b); 5521 (14); 5525 (2); 5562 (22); 5679 (40); 5680 (12); 5763 (21b); 5795 (42); 5893 (42). Castelo & Juste s.n. (MA-724241) (31). Davies 333 (14a). De Wilde, Bakhuizen & Elad 12017 (40). Desmet, Nguema & Nguema 28 (12); 29 (16); 34 (28); 125 (28); 190 (38); 277 (27). Eneme 159 (42); 277 (3); 481 (31). Eneme & Lejoly 39 (31); 48 (42). Fernández Casas 10053 (3); 10185 (14); 11268 (3); 11331 (3); 11534 (3); 11955 (4); 11974 (14b); 12117 (14a); 12118 (3); 12190 (3). Guinea 92 (3); 233bis (14); 348 (6); 385 (38); 394 (40); 529 (3); 717 (40); 719 (12); 794 (40); 939 (40); 1133 (40); 1152 (3); 1172 (7b); 1811, MA-386543-2 (3); 1811, MA-386543-1 (7b); 1886 (10); 2077 (12); 2218 (12); 2219 (12); 2451 (14); 2646 (40). Lejoly 93/332 (3); 93/341 (42); 94/163 (38); 94/164 (30); 94/173 (16); 97/27 (31); 97/063 (3); 97/96 (31); 97/099 (30); 97/103 (24); 99/075 (14); 99/244 (44); 99/306 (31); 99/408 (12); 99/438 (3); 99/439 (14b); 99/453 (42); 99/454 (21); 99/457 (14b); 99/483 (44). Lejoly & Elad 98/076 (25). Lejoly & Van Asbroeck 32 (16). Lisowski 115 (31); 131 (14); 165 (40); 269 (26); 297 (10); 351 (42); 428 (1); 436 (5); 561 (31); 600 (38); 640 (44); 658 (18); 921 (31); 922 (10); 934 (5); 1021 (14); 1024 (3); 1054 (7); 1135 (42); 1216 (14); 1297 (10); 1369 (12); 1390 (3); 1439 (40); 1441 (42); 1493 (1); 1494 (40); 1499 (42); 1520 (3); 1521 (3); 1538 (28). Lope del Val s.n. (MA-500334-1) (12); (MA-500334-2) (14); (MA-500335) (14); (MA-712322) (12); (MA-712323) (12); (MA-714486) (14); (MA-724243) (31); (MA-724247) (31); (MA-724253) (31). Mann 91 (p.p.) (K) (12); 91 (p.p.) (K-307698; MA-713243) (13); 92 (3); 93 (38); 96 (8); 616 (19); 1867 (25); s.n. (K) (13); s.n. (K-307667; MA-713237) (40); s.n. (K-307675; MA-713229) (38). Melville 271 (34). Mildbraed 6695 (34). Ngomo 23 (31); 68 (3); 111 (38); 318 (31); 328 (27); 546 (12); 646 (12). Nguema 101 (28); 103 (3); 179 (44). Nguema & Esono 264 (23). Nguema, Esono & Lejoly 255 (31); 276 (42). Nguema & Parmentier 491 (42). Obama 7 (31); 17 (28); 51 (31); 65 (30); 111 (28); 716 (26); 833 (30). Obama & Lejoly 363 (44); 397 (12); 398 (27); 429 (40); 545 (42); 571 (21b); 645 (44). Parmentier & Esono 2685 (27); 2712 (42); 2713 (14b); 2751 (3); 2817 (33); 2847 (7); 2935 (14b); 2975 (14b); 3022 (14b); 3043 (42); 3115 (42); 3160 (27); 3161 (40); 3217 (33); 3253 (44); 3411 (33); 3440 (42); 3441 (14b); 3573 (44); 3576 (33); 3577 (33); 3586 (44); 3730 (42); 3830 (7a). Parmentier & Nguema 32 (28); 201 (42); 340bis (42); 402 (42); 1612 (27); 1687 (42); 1796 (40). Pérez Viso 80 (38); 114 (38); 137 (14); 138 (7a); 175 (31); 332 (2); 342 (12); 350 (31); 640 (38); 752 (12); 874 (42); 1132 (42); 1137 (3); 1175 (12); 1322 (42); 1441 (14); 1604 (1); 1670 (3); 1814 (16); 1852 (38); 2017 (38); 2137 (42); 2210 (42); 2216 (31); 2295 (14); 2459 (1); 2501 (3); 2519 (3); 2534 (14); 2546 (21b); 2617 (31); 2667 (40); 2680 (3); 2700 bis (38); 2749 (42); 2788 (27); 2808 (14); 2863 (3); 3028 (31); 3211 (31); 3233 (42); 3350 (38); 3351 (38); 3395 (31); 3460 (31); 3530 (14); 3611 (7b); 3697 (27); 3896 (40); 4061 (12); 4125 (3); 4148 (31); 4178 (2); 4192 (40); 4203 (12); 4263 (12); 4279 (14a). Porembski & al. 3512 (44). Sandford 5876 (36); 6046 (40); 6062 (26). Senterre & Ngomo 8 (30); 20 (42); 39 (27); 218 (1); 227 (16); 246 (36); 345 (1); 389 (27); 426 (16); 481 (27); 506 (38); 514 (1); 518 (27); 579 (36); 587 (1); 711 (32); 819 (32); 896 (29); 3457 (36); 3460 (32); 3532 (33); 3573 (16); 3575 (36); 3576 (36); 3091 (36). Senterre & Obiang 2665 (32); 3227 (32); 3284 (42); 3401 (1); 3633 (33); 3634 (36); 3635 (16); 3636 (28); 3637 (30); 3759 (33); 3784 (12); 3794 (42); 4138 (36); 4202 (36). Senterre, Obiang & Esono 2757 (42); 2780 (40); 2807 (36); 2808 (42); 2809 (1); 2915 (1). Senterre, Obiang & Ngomo 1751 (16); 1761 (3); 1779 (36); 1988 (16); 2040 (16); 2041 (36); 2042 (16); 2102 (36); 2148 (12); 2157 (12); 2386 (32). Swarbrick 2926 (14). Tessmann 51 (2); 233 a (12); 292 (26); 681 (21a); 703 (40). Van Reeth 17 (42); 19 (24); 45 (28); 78 (12); 82 (38); 83 (31); 91 (3); 118 (3); 275 (31); 349 (31). Velayos 9311 (12); 9499 (40); 9936 (3); 9951 (14b); 10023 (38). Vogel 67 (14a); 93 (40); 143 (7b); s.n. (K-307665; MA-713234) (3); s.n. (K-307674; MA-713240) (40); s.n. (K-307701; MA-713235) (3). Wrigley & Melville 77 (14b); (10); 690 (14). © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122 122 F. J. CABEZAS ET AL. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Amischotolype Hassk. 107 tenuis (C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao 107 Aneilema R.Br. 109 aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) G.Don 109 beniniense (P.Beauv.) Kunth 109 dispermum Brenan 109 nigritanum (C.B.Clarke) Hutch. 110 nudiflorum (L.) Sweet. 107 ovato-oblongum P.Beauv. 110 paludosum A.Chev. 109 silvaticum Brenan 109 umbrosum (Vahl) Kunth 110 ssp. ovato-oblongum (P.Beauv.) J.K.Morton ssp. umbrosum 110 var. ovato-oblongum (P.Beauv.) Brenan 110 Buforrestia C.B.Clarke 110 brachycarpa Gilg & Lederm. ex Mildbr. 116 var. hirsuta Brenan 116 imperforata C.B.Clarke 116 mannii C.B.Clarke 110 oligantha Mildbr. 117 tenuis C.B.Clarke 107 Commelina L. 110 aequinoctiale P.Beauv. 109 africana L. 110 var. mannii (C.B.Clarke) Brenan 110 ambigua P.Beauv. 114 benghalensis L. 110 beniniensis P.Beauv. 109 cameroonensis J.K.Morton 110 capitata Benth. 111 condensata C.B.Clarke 111 congesta C.B.Clarke 111 diffusa Burm.f. 111 ssp. diffusa 111 ssp. montana J.K.Morton 112 erecta L. 112 ssp. erecta 112 longicapsa C.B.Clarke 112 nudiflora L. 112 palisotii A. Dietr. 110 simplex Vahl 113 thomasii Hutch. 112 umbrosum Vahl 110 vogelii C.B.Clarke 112 Cyanotis D.Don 112 abyssinica A.Rich. 112 arachnoidea C.B.Clarke 112 barbata D.Don 112 lanata Benth. 113 mannii C.B.Clarke 112 Dracaena Vand. hirsuta Thunb. 114 110 Floscopa Lour. 114 africana (P.Beauv.) C.B. Clarke ssp. majuscula (C.B.Clarke) Brenan 113 africana (P.Beauv.) C.B.Clarke 113 ssp. petrophila J.K.Morton 113 var. majuscula C.B.Clarke 113 aquatica Hua 113 confusa Brenan 113 glomerata (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f) Hassk. mannii C.B.Clarke 113 Forrestia A.Rich. africana K.Schum. ex C.B.Clarke 107 lescrauwaetii De Wild. 107 preussii K.Schum. 107 tenuis (C.B.Clarke) Benth. 107 Murdannia Royle 113 simplex (Vahl) Brenan 113 Palisota Rchb. 114 ambigua (P.Beauv.) C.B.Clarke 114 barteri Hook. 114 bogneri Brenan 114 bracteosa C.B.Clarke 114 hirsuta (Thunb.) K.Schum. 114 lagopus Mildbr. 115 laxiflora C.B.Clarke var. annobonensis Mildbr. 115 mannii C.B.Clarke 115 pedicellata K.Schum. 115 preussiana K.Schum ex C.B.Clarke 115 satabiei Brenan 115 schweinfurthii C.B.Clarke 115 staudtii K.Schum. 114 Pollia Thunb. 115 condensata C.B.Clarke 115 mannii C.B.Clarke 116 Polyspatha Benth. 116 glaucescens (C.B.Clarke) Hutch. 116 paniculata Benth. 116 var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke 116 Stanfieldiella Brenan 116 brachycarpa (Gilg & Lederm. ex Mildbr.) Brenan 116 var. hirsuta (Brenan) Brenan 116 imperforata (C.B.Clarke) Brenan 116 var. imperforata 117 oligantha (Mildbr.) Brenan 117 Tradescantia L. glomerata Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. 113 Tricarpelema J.K.Morton 117 africanum Faden 117 113 © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 106–122

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