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Pak. J. Bot., 45(S1): 119-121, January 2013. A NEW SPECIES OF CATENULOSTROMA ON AZADIRACHTA INDICA FROM PAKISTAN SYED QAISER ABBAS1, THEEREMA IFTKHAR1*, MUBASHIR NIAZ1, NABILA IFTIKHAR1, RUBAB AYESHA1 AND ALIA ABBAS2 2 1 Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan * Corresponding author’s e-mail: pakaim2001@yahoo.com Abstract A new species of Catenulostroma azadirachta on Azadirachta indica from Pakistan is described and campared with related species. Introduction Azadirachta indica (Melia azadirachta) belongs to family Meliaceae. Its local name is Neem. It is important due to its commercial and medicinal value. Azadirachta indica is also an important plant for its potential anti-fungal, antibacterial and insecticidal activities (Helmy et al., 2007). Decline of trees due to fungi are increasing tremendously in Pakistan especially in Punjab and Sindh (Matsushima, 1993, Javed et al., 2004; Fateh et al., 2011; Farooq et al., 2011). Sixteen fungi has been reported on Azadirachta indica from Pakistan (Ahmad, 1956, 1962, 1969; Ahmad & Arshad, 1972; Ahmad et al., 1997; Ghaffar & Kafi, 1968; Ghaffar et al., 1971; Ghaffar & Abbas,1972; Ghafoor & Khan, 1976; Khan, 1952, 1969,1989; Khan & Kamal, 1968 Kamal & Mughal, 1968; Malik & Khan, 1944). Recently Abbas et al., (2012) have reported eleven (11) fungi from Faisalabd and Gojra including new species viz.:Tiarosporella azadarichta sp. nov., Diplozythiella bambusina, Ulocladium chartarum, Cladosaporium nigrellum, Cladosporium oxysporum. Didymostilbe coffeae, Muellerella pygmaea, Lasiodiplodia paraphysaria, Monochaetinula terminalae, Trimmatostroma sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum were reported for the first time on Azadirachta indica from Pakistan (Faisalabad and Gojra). Critical studies of Trimmato spara sp., is the text of this paper and it is described as a new species Catenulostroma azadirachta on Azadirachta indica. Materials and Methods Sample of Azadirachta indica was collected from Gojra, Pakistan. Methods and materials was the same as described by Abbas et al., (2010). Identification up to species level were carried out after consulting (Ellis, 1971, 1976; Carmichael et al., 1980; Sutton & Ganapathi, 1978; Ahmad et al., 1997; Kirk, 2012; Crous et al., 2007). Results and Discussion Holotype Fungus found on Azadirachta indica specimen # G.C.U.F. Mycol. H. # 35 is described as Catenulostroma azadaricta. sp. nov. Description of the fungus under study: Colonies dark brownish black on natural substrate. Stroma large, thick and brown. Conidiophore micromenatous slightly dissimilar with vegetative hyphae, unbranched, straight or wavy, pale brown and verrucose, 21-23×6-7µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and cylindrical, 9-10×7µm. Conidia thick walled, highly variable in size and shape, 1several transverse and oblique distosepta. Septa, brown, 45.6-182.4×7.6-15.2µm. Holotype: Catenulostroma azadirachta on Azadirachta indica; Samanabad, Gojra Pakistan; 25 April, 07; G.C.U.F. Mycol. H. # 35; S.Q. Abbas & Nabila Iftikhar. Latin description: Colonia atra brunnea et naturalis subtracta. Stromata longa, profundus ad brunnea. Conidiophora micromenatous differentis de hyphae.nonstipestis, erectais or cripenstae, pallens brunnae (21-23×6-7µm), Cellule conidiogenae terminalae ad cylindrecae (10×7 µm.) Conidia profundus moenitis, variabletis et farmaad adamplitudis.1multi transverse ad longibus distoseptatis, brunnea (45.6182.4×7.6-15.2µm) Fig. 1. Holotypus: Catenulostroma azadirecta et ramis emortius; Samanabad Gojra Pakistan; 25 April, 07; G.C.U.F. Mycol.H. # 35; S.Q. Abbas & N. Iftakhar. Genus Trimmatostroma was erected by Corda. It has 35 species (Kirk, 2012). This genus is characterized by having simple sporodochial conidiomata or acervulus, simple, little differentiated coniodiophore, and conidiogenous cells and polymorphic conidia arranged in chain (Ellis, 1971, 1976). Trimmatostroma lichenocola Christ & Hawksworth (Hawksworth, 1979) was a first lichinocolous species arranged in this genus, later on Hawksworth & Cole (2002) separated this species with other hyphomycetes fungus and erected a new genus Lichinocola which can be separated by its lichinocolous character, and immersed multicellular and totally submerged conidiophores, and pale smooth walled conidia with few septa in conidia. Recently molecular studies reaveld that Trimmatostroma isa heterogenous. (Crous et al., 2007) and are of the opinion that Trimmatostroma be confined to T. salicis Corda. Taeniolla is the genus which can be separated from Trimmatostroma by its superficial, semi macronomatous conidiophore, conidia arranged in acropetal manner, lacking multicelluar stromatic aggeregation of conidial cells. Since stromatic conidiomata absent (where as type species of Trimmatostroma:- T. salacis has sporodhochial conidiomata and basal stromata) therefore inculsion in Trimmatostrma is questionable. It is also important to note that conidiomata specialy acervulus and sporodochia and coniodiophore are not good generic characters, therfore they placed four lichinocolos fungi in Trimmatostroma for time being viz., T. dendrographae Diedrech (Conidia 7-25x5.5-8.5 µm); T. hierrenge (Conidia 7.5-15x3.5 ); T. lecanoricola Diedrech.(conjdia 6.5-10 x6-8µm.); T.quercicola Diedrech, Braun & Hendcher (conidia 6-30x5-15µm). SYED QAISER ABBAS ET AL., 120 A B C D E Fig. 1. Catenulostroma azadirachta: (A-E). A. Conidiogenous cell; B. uniseptate conidium; C. biseptate conidium. (A, B, C, 1000X), D. conidium with conidiophore (400X); E. Conidium. (D & E, 1000X). Crous et al., (2007) were of the opionion that Mycosphaerella is polyphyletic, while previous studies showed it a monophyletic. A new family Teratosphaereaceae was erected to accodomate in taxa. Teratosphaeria. An anamorphic genus Catenulostroma was also described and it is characterized by biotraphic nature, Coniodiomata sporodochial. Mycelium well branched and radiate from conidiomata. Conidiogenous cell without annellations. Conidia in simple or branched basipetal chain, transversely1-many septate, longitudnal and oblique septa present.Occasionly distosepta are present and its telomorph is Teratosphaeria. Catenulostroma is closely related to Trimmatostroma. Crous et al., (2007) transferred several Trimmatostroma spp. to Catenulostroma and made several new combition.therefore under study fungus not only compared with Catenulostroma spp. But it is mainly also compared with Trimmatostroma spp. The following Trimmatostoma spp have been transferd to other genera. Trimmatostroma abietis Butin & Pehl, in Butin, Pehl, Hoog & Wollenzien, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69(3): 204(1996) changed to Catenulostroma abietis (Butin & Pehl) Crous & U. Braun, in Crous, Braun & Groenewald, Stud. Mycol. 58: 15; Trimmatostroma elginense Joanne E. Taylor & Crous, Mycol. Res. 104(5): 633 (2000) changed to Catenulostroma elginense (Joanne E. Taylor & Crous) Crous & U. Braun, in Crous, Braun & Groenewald, Stud. Mycol. 58: 16 (2007); Trimmatostroma excentricum B. Sutton & Ganap., N.Z. J. Bot. 16(4): 529 (1978), (Conidia 9-11x3-4 µm) changed to Catenulostroma excentricum (B. Sutton & Ganap.) Crous & U. Braun, in Crous, Braun & Groenewald, Stud. Mycol. 58: 10(2007); Trimmatostroma microsporum Joanne E. Taylor & Crous, Mycol. Res. 104(5): 631 (2000) changed to Catenulostroma microsporum (Joanne E. Taylor & Crous) Crous & U. Braun, in Crous, Braun & Groenewald, Stud. Mycol. 58: 10(2007); Trimmatostroma protearum Crous & M.E. Palm, Mycol. Res. 103(10): 1303 (1999) changed to Catenulostroma protearum (Crous & M.E. Palm) Crous & U. Braun, in Crous, Braun & Groenewald, Stud. Mycol. 58: 17(2007); and Trimmatostroma lichenicola M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw., in Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., Bot. 6(3): 264 (1979) changed to Intralichen lichenicola (M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M.S. Cole, Fungal Diversity 11: 93 (2002). Telomorph of Trimmatostroma macowanii (Sacc.) M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (Kew): 29 (1976), changed to Catenulostroma macowanii (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun (2007) and Teratosphaeria macowanii (Sacc.) Crous, Persoonia 23: 115 (2009) is its current name. Under study fungus belonging to Catenulostroma can be easily differentiated by having bigger conidia (45.6-182.4×7.615.2µm) from the following Trimmatostroma spp. Timmatostroma abietina Doherty 1900,(Conidia18-20x6-7 µm); Trimmatostroma amentorum Bres. & Sacc., Malpighia 11: 324 (1897) ,(Conidia18-27x8-9 µm); Trimmatostroma americana Thüm in Myc. Univ. No793.In Sacc. Syll. Fung.4:757 (1886) ,(Conidia20-25x4-5- µm); (Conidia µm); Trimmatostroma betulinum (Corda) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 31: 628 (1953),(Conidia5-20x5-14- µm); Trimmatostroma brencklei Sacc., Annls mycol. 13(2): 124 (1915), (Conidia2040x5-6- µm) Trimmatostroma eriodictyonis (Dearn. & Barthol.) M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (Kew): 28 (1976), (Conidia14-50x7-26µm); Trimmatostroma fructicola (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 4: 757 (1886) ,(Conidia8-10x2-3- µm); Trimmatostroma hughesii V.G. Rao & Subhedar, Mycopathologia 58(2): 79 (1976), (Conidia4-10x4-8 - µm); Trimmatostroma liriodendri G.F. Atk., Annls mycol. 6(1): 60 (1908), (Conidia12-20 x 5-7µm); Trimmatostroma macowanii (Sacc.) M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (Kew): 29 (1976), (Conidia 820 x 5-7- µm) name has been changed to Teratosphaeria macowanii (Sacc.) Crous, Persoonia 23: 115 (2009); Trimmatostroma padi Rostr., Skr. VidenskSelsk. Christiania, Kl. I, Math.-Natur. 4: 40 (1904), (Conidia 9-12 x18-30 µm); Trimmatostroma platense (Speg.) Van Warmelo & B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 145: 35 (1981), (Conidia10-25x7-15 - µm); Trimmatostroma quercinum (Hoffm.) Höhn., Mitt. bot. Inst. tech. Hochsch. Wien 6: 115 (1929), (Conidia4-9µm dia.); Trimmatostroma salicis Corda, Icon. fung. (Prague) 1: 9 (1837) ,(Conidia12-38x4-10- µm); Trimmatostroma salinum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim., Stud. Mycol. 43: 57 (1999), (Conidia-5-22x10-22 - µm); Trimmatostroma undulatum (McAlpine) J.L. Crane & Schokn., Mycologia 78(1): 86 (1986), (Conidia-11-18x10-12 - µm). 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