Mycol. Res. 102 (6) : 695–708 (1998) 695 Printed in the United Kingdom Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species C A R L O S A. I N A; C I O A N D J. C. D I A N E S E Departamento de Fitopatologia Universidade de BrasıU lia, 70910-900 BrasıU lia, DF, Brasil The following foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species are described and illustrated : Anhelia tabebuiae sp. nov. and Dictyonella tabebuiae sp. nov. (ascomycetes), Fumagospora tabebuiae sp. nov., Polychaeton tabebuiae sp. nov. and Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae sp. nov. (coelomycetes), Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae sp. nov. and Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae sp. nov. (hyphomycetes). Uncinula peruviana was found and described on T. impetiginosa as a first record for Distrito Federal, Brazil. Tabebuia Go! mes (Bignoniaceae) accommodates mostly trees known in Brazil as ‘ ipe# s ’ which were previously treated as species of Tecoma Juss. Tabebuia species are exploited from native forests and also used as urban ornamentals throughout Brazil and in the warmer regions of Latin America. Lorenzi (1992) and Carvalho (1994) listed 15 Tabebuia species with their common names from Brazil. In Brası! lia, Distrito Federal, the following species are grown on street, parks, and in private gardens : Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich., T. impetiginosa (Mart.) Standl., T. heptaphylla (Vell.) Tol., T. rosea DC, and Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandl. In the cerrado of DF and Central Brazil the main native species are T. caraiba (Mart.) Bur., and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl. Parasitic and superficial fungi occurring on leaves of Tabebuia in Brazil have been reported by Vie! gas (1944, 1961), Chupp (1953), Batista & Peres (1962), Batista & Bezerra (1964), Dennis (1970), Ferreira & Alfenas (1980), Muchovej & Ferreira (1981), Ferreira & Muchovej (1987), Schimitt & Veiga (1987), Rezende & Ferreira (1988), Ferreira (1989), Gianasi & Castro (1993), Dianese & Dianese (1994), Dianese, Medeiros & Santos (1997), Dianese, Tessmann & Furlanetto (1994) and Silva & Minter (1995). This article reports on the occurrence of new fungi assocociated with lesions on leaves of Tabebuia species in gardens and parks of Brası! lia and also in parts of the native cerrado vegetation still present in the area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of cultivated and native species of Tabebuia in the cerrado were collected in urban areas of Brası! lia or from natural reserves. Each sample was prepared, numbered, registered, and deposited in the Mycological Reference Collection of the Herbarium of the University of Brası! lia (Herbarium UB mycological collection). Slides containing squash preparations of fungal fruiting bodies or sections made by freezing microtome were used for the morphological studies and microphotography. In most cases the samples were stained with lacto-glycerol-cotton blue or glycerol-KOH-phloxine B and the slides sealed with nail polish. Pieces of leaves with one or more lesions showing representative samples of fruiting bodies were used for SEM after being fixed in sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7±4, 0±1 , containing glutaraldehyde 2 %, for at least 24 h. The samples were dehydrated in an aqueous series with increasing acetone concentrations from 15, 30, 50, 75 to 100 % of acetone, for 15 min in each concentration. Leaf pieces were then dried at the critical point before being covered by a thin layer of gold in a sputter coater for 2 min. Finally, the samples were observed in a scanning electron microscope (Jeol, model JSM 840-A E). DESCRIPTIONS AND DISCUSSION The new species of fungi studied are described and illustrated below. Further notes on Uncinula peruviana Syd. are also reported. Anhelia tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 1–6) Laesiones 3–40 mm diam., primo rubello-brunneae ad brunneae vel cinerero-brunneae cum brunneis marginibus tandem pallido-brunneae ubi mortuae, coalescentes, amphigenae, irregulares, plerumque ad marginem locatae vel inter nervos secundarios locatae. Ascomata 26–78¬51–158 µm, eustromatica, pulvinata, multilocularia, loculis uniseriatis. Loculi 13–25¬13–18 µm, monoascales, parietibus ex textura angulari, cum cellulis 3–8 µm diam. compositis. Hypostromata plana, epidermalia, immersa. Asci 9–25¬8–19 µm, bitunicati, persistentes, 4–8 sporis, obovoides vel subsphaerici, sessiles, vel curtopedicellati. Ascosporae 7–16¬4–7 µm, hyalinae, muriformes, 1–4 septatae transversim, 1–2 septatae in longitudinem, plerumque phragmosporae, ad septa mediana constrictae. Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 696 Figs 1–6. Anhelia tabebuiae. Fig. 1. Leaf spots along the midrib and secondary veins on Tabebuia caraiba containing ascomata (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 2. Stromatic ascomata, SEM (bar, 10 µm). Fig. 3. Section of an erumpent ascoma in host leaf (bar, 50 µm). Fig. 4. Detail of an ascoma showing texture of the stroma containing monoascal locules (bar, 5 µm). Figs 5, 6. Asci and ascospores (bar, 10 µm). C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 697 Table 1. Characteristics of other Anhelia species compared with A. tabebuiae Host A. calami" A. escharoides" A. lantanae" A. niger", $ A. purpurascens" A. tetracerae" A tristis", # A. tabebuiae Calamus, Araceae Geissanthus, Myrsinaceae Lantana, Verbenaceae Eupatorium, Compositae Machaerium, Leguminosae Tetracera alnifolia, Dilleniaceae Vaccinium teysmannianum, Ericaceae Tabebuia caraiba, Bignoniaceae Ascoma (µm) Asci (µm) Ascospores (µm) Hypostroma (µm) 100–150¬250–350 400–1000 26–32¬17–19 35–55¬30–42 24–30¬19–23 10–12¬4–5 16–28¬8–12 12–15¬5–6 11–16¬5–6 13–17¬7–8 20–24¬4–9 19–25¬7–10 7–16¬4–7 75–110 55–110 150–185 250–400 180¬200–300 150¬500 270–360¬600–1500 26–78¬51–178 24–30¬20–26 30–38¬20–30 35–48¬25–32 9–25¬8–19 85–145 170–240 Flat " Arx (1963) ; # Boedijn (1961) ; $ Vie! gas (1945 a). In foliis vivis Tabebuiae caraibae, in urbana Brasilia, DF, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto ; 12 Sep. 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 199 ; UB col. micol. 6443, holotypus. Lesions 3–40 mm diam., reddish-brown to brown, or greyishbrown with brown borders, coalescent, amphigenous, irregular, mostly located at leaf margins or between the secondary ribs (Fig. 1). In a later phase it becomes pale brown and necrotic. Ascomata 26–78¬51–158 µm, eustromatic, pulvinate, multilocular, forming one layer of locules. Locules monoascal, 13–25¬13–18 µm, wall with textura angularis of 3–8 µm diam. cells (Figs 2–4). Hypostromata flat, epidermal, immersed (Figs 3, 4). Asci 9–25¬8–19 µm, bitunicate, persistent, 4–8 spored, obovoidal to subsphaerical, sessile or short pedicellate (Figs 4–6). Ascospores 7–16¬4–7 µm, hyaline, muriform, 1–4 transverse septa, 1–2 longitudinal septa, mostly phragmosporic, constricted at median septum (Figs 4, 6). Anhelia tabebuiae was compared with the known species of the genus including the Brazilian species A. niger (Vie! gas) Arx, found on Eupatorium sp. (Arx, 1963), which showed larger ascomata than the new species, with asci and interascal material shown as gelatinous matrix (Vie! gas, 1945 a). Arx (1963) also redescribed A. purpurascens (Rehm) Arx on Mimosa flagellaris Benth. and on M. vellosiana Mart., and A. lantanae (P. Henn.) Arx on Lantana sp. with conspicuous hypostromata (150–185 µm diam.). Anhelia tristis Racib., A. escharoides (Syd.) Arx, and A. tetracerae (Hansf.) Arx, all with obviously larger dimensions than A. tabebuiae, were found on Vaccinium teysmannianum Miq., Geissanthus sp., and on Tetracera alnifolia Wiild. (Boedijn, 1961 ; Arx, 1963). Anhelia calami (Rac.) Arx is clearly different from the new species and it was reported on Calamus sp. (Arx, 1963). The comparisons, which are summarized in Table 1, lead to the conclusion that A. tabebuiae is a new species and a first record of Anhelia on Tabebuia species. Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 7–13) Laesiones 3–30 µm, amphigenae, cinereo-brunneae vel pallido-cinereae cum marginibus purpurascentibus, coalescentes ubi mortuae. Stromata 24–107 µm diam., subepidermalia, erumpentia, ex textura angulari cum cellulis 3–9 µm diam. composita. Conidiophora 24–58¬2–4 µm, brunnea, caespitosa, amphigena, plerumque hypophylla, 1–8 septata, geniculata, sympodialia, recta vel leviter incurvata, raro ramosa, aliquando proliferationibus percurrentibus. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, sympodiales, integratae, terminales, cicatricibus conidiorum inconspicuis sed per microscopium electronicum manifestis. Conidia 25–135¬2–4 µm, 1–10 septata, cylindrica ad acidularia, basibus truncatis. In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae, Brası! lia, DF, University of Brası! lia Campus, north of Faculty of Education, 17 July 94, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 181, UB col. micol. 6283, holotypus. Lesions 3–30 mm diam., amphigenous, greyish-brown to light grey with purple borders, coalescent, necrotic (Fig. 7). Stromata 24–107 µm diam., subepidermal, erumpent, textura angularis of polygonal cells, 3–9 µm diam. (Fig. 10). Conidiophores 24–58¬ 2–4 µm, brown, caespitose, amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous (Figs 8–12), 1–8 septate, geniculate, sympodial, sometimes percurrently proliferating, straight or slightly curved, rarely branched, with inconspicuous scars, which are clearly seen in SEM (Figs 8–12). Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, integrated, terminal, with inconspicuous scars which also are clearly seen in SEM (Figs 9, 11, 12). Conidia 25–135¬2–4 µm, 1–10 septate, cylindrical to acicular, base truncate (Fig. 13). Other specimens examined : On living leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) : University of Brası! lia Campus, Brası! lia, DF, north of Faculty of Education, 4 May 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 95, UB col. micol. 6085 ; north of Faculty of Education, 29 May 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 147 ; UB col. micol. 6156 ; East of ICC in front of University Restaurant, 4 May 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 173 ; UB col. micol. 6249 ; near Central Library, 17 July 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 179 ; UB col. micol. 6280. In Table 2 the Cercospora species found on Tabebuia are compared with C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Cercospora tecomae Chupp & Vie! gas has shorter, 25–50 (–100)¬3–5 µm, up to 7septate, conidia ; smaller stromata (20–25 µm) ; and larger conidiophores (60–100¬4–6 µm) (Vie! gas, 1945 c ; Chupp, 1953) than those of C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. The only other species on Tabebuia which shows some similarity with the new species is C. jahnii Syd. but this differs in size of conidia, conidiophores and stromata. From Table 2, it is clear that C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae is different from all species so far described on bignoniaceous hosts. Dictyonella tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 14–19) Coloniae 4–15 mm diam., brunneae, circulares aut irregulares, hypophyllae, plerumque singulares, raro gregariae, effusae, paginae abaxiales foliolorum locatae. Mycelium superficiale, pallido-brunneum vel brunneum, laxas infra-ascomatales pulvinas formantes ; hyphae 2–6 µm diam., pallido-brunneae, laeves, ramosae, hyphopodia nulla, cum constrictionibus exiguiis ad parietes transversales. Ascomata Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 698 Figs 7–13. Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Fig. 7. Leaf spots on Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 50 mm). Figs 8, 10–12. Caespitose conidiophores, sympodially proliferated and sometimes branched (bars, 10 µm). Fig. 9. Conidiophores with conidial scar and percurrent proliferation (arrows), SEM (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 13. Conidia (bar, 10 µm). C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 699 Table 2. Main characteristics of Cercospora species on Bignoniaceae compared with those of C. tabeuiae-impetiginosae Lesion (mm) Stromatal diam. (µm) Conidiophores (µm) Conidia (µm) Adenocalyma bullatum Arrabidaea platyphylla Bignonia sp. 0±5–3 40–60 20–65¬4±5–5±5 0±5–6 Absent or small 10–175¬4–6 — Small 20–80 (80–160)¬4–7 1–4 C. jahnii Syd.", # Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa longissima Cybistax antisyphilitica Dolichandrone platycalyx Campsis radicans Dolichandrone platycalyx Tabebuia spp. 35–150¬3–4±5, subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown 35–150¬3±5–5, pale brown to medium olivaceous 25–70¬4–7, pale brown to olivaceous 40–120¬2±5–4±5, hyaline C. sordida Sacc." Host C. adenocalymae A. S. Mull. & Chupp" C. arrabidaceae Chupp & Vie! gas" C. bignoniaecola Speg." C. catalpae G. Winter" C. catalparum Chupp" C. cybistacis Henn." C. dolichandrones Chupp" C. duplicata Ellis & Everh." C. hansfordi Chupp" C. C. C. C. stenolobiiola (Speg.) Chupp", # tecomae Chupp & Vie! gas" tecomae Chupp & Vie! gas$ tabebuiae-impetiginosae 0–50 10–125¬3–5±5 Rare 15–70¬4–7±5 3–7 25–75 10–35¬2±5–4 3–10 Small 10–30¬2–3±5 3–10 20–40 8–25¬2±5–4 0±5–2 3–20 Absent or very reduced Up to 50 10–40¬3–5 Tecoma radicans — Absent 20–120¬3–5 T. stans Tabebuia sp. Tecoma sp. Tabebuia impetiginosa 2–10 — 1 or more 3–30 Absent Reduced}not see 20–25 24–107¬31±5–80 50–250¬3–4 20–80¬4–5±5 60–100¬4–6 24–58¬2–4 60–300¬5–6±5 35–125¬3–5±6, pale brown, olivaceous, brown 20–70¬2±5–4, pale brown to olivaceous-brown 40–100¬1±5–3, subhyaline, pale brown to yellowish-olivaceous 20–100¬2–4±5, pale brown to olivaceous-brown 30–80¬4–5±5, subhyaline, pale brown to olivaceous 20–110¬3–5, pale brown to olivaceous 20–200¬3–5, pale brown, medium to dark olivaceous 40–70¬3–6, hyaline 25–50 (80)¬3–5, hyaline 35–100¬3–4, hyaline 25–135¬2–4, hyaline to pale brown " Chupp (1953) ; # Dennis (1970) ; $ Vie! gas (1945 c). 53–97 µm longa¬111–216 µm diam., supra mycelium superficiale formata, brunnea, parietibus cum texturis angularibus formatis ; cellulis 3–8 µm diam., isodiametris. Asci 47–95¬32–53 µm, bitunicati, clavati aut lato-clavati, persistentes, 4–8 sporis ; pseudoparaphyses adsunt. Pseudoparaphyses hyalinae, septatae. Ascosporae 26–39¬11–17 µm, brunneae, muriformes, constrictionibus septorum medianorum manifestae, vaginis mucosis textae, paginis undulatae. In foliis vivis Tabebuiae ochraceae ; Fazenda A; gua Limpa, University of Brası! lia, Brası! lia, DF ; 1 May 95 ; leg. D. V. Rezende Santiago no. 2, UB col. micol. 8338, holotypus. Colonies 4–15 mm diam., brown, circular or irregular, hypophyllous, mostly single, seldom gregarious, spread throughout the abaxial face of the leaflets (Fig. 14). Mycelium superficial, forming a loose cushion under the ascomata, light brown to brown ; hyphae 2–6 µm diam, light brown, septate, smooth, branched, non-hyphopodiate, with slight constriction at the septa (Figs 15–17). Ascomata 53–97 µm long¬111–216 µm diam., on top of the superficial mycelium, brown ; wall with textura angularis (pseudoparenchymatous) of isodiametric cells, 3–8 µm diam. (Figs 15, 16). Asci 47–95¬32–53 µm, bitunicate, clavate to broad clavate, persistent, 4–8-spored, pseudoparaphysate (Figs 16, 18). Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate. Ascospores 26–39¬11–17 µm, brown, muriform, clearly constricted at median septa, covered by a mucilagenous sheath, with undulate surface (Figs 18, 19). Dictyonella tabebuiae is the second species of the genus on Bignoniaceae and can be easily separated from D. dictyosporus (Petr. & Cif.) Arx on Crescentia cujete L. (Arx, 1963) which has much smaller ascospores and ascomata than D. tabebuiae (Table 3). Among other Dictyonella species only D. scabra (Syd.) Arx, described on plants belonging to the Moraceae, shares some characteristics with D. tabebuiae. It is, however, easily distinguished by its smaller asci (55–80¬35–45 µm) and larger ascomata (100–240 µm diam.). Furthermore, D. scabra has ascospores with only two longitudinal septa while D. tabebuiae has three or more. Finally, Batista & Nascimento (1958) identified D. erysiphoides (Rehm) Ho$ hn. on Coccoloba uvifera (L.) Jacq. This fungus was, however, clearly parasitic with innate infective mycelium and immersed hypostroma which probably belongs in the Myriangiaceae and is distinct from Dictyonella species which are superficial and nonparasitic. Fumagospora tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 20–26) Coloniae atro-brunneae aut nigrae, effusae, epiphyllae, velutinae, irregulares, coalescentes, cum punctuationibus prominentibus. Mycelium atro-brunneum aut nigrum, superficiale, ramosum, hyphopodia nulla. Hyphae 7–21¬4–11 µm, pallido-brunneae aut brunneae, septatae, ramosae, constrictionibus septorum manifestae, cellulis doliiformibus. Coniodiomata 86–219 alta¬44–122 µm diam., brunnea, conoidea, ostiolata, rostris truncatis ; parietibus texturis angularibus ; cellulis 8–13¬4–10 µm. Rostrum fimbriatum, 14–44 µm diam., fimbriae 20–40¬2±5–4 µm. Cellulae conidiogenae ampulliformes, hyalinae, parvae, phialidicae. Conidia 9–21¬4–10 µm, 1–4 septata, muriformia, oblonga aut elliptica, leviter constricta ad septum medianum. In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae ; Theatrum arenae, University of Brası! lia, Campus Universita! rio, Brası! lia, DF, Brazil ; 21 July 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 419 ; UB col. micol. 9252, holotypus. Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 700 Figs 14–19. Dictyonella tabebuiae. Fig. 14. Hypophyllous colonies shown as patches formed by groups of small brown dots on leaves of T. ochracea (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 15. Ascomata and ascospores, SEM (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 16. Section of an ascoma containing immature asci (bar, 10 µm). Fig. 17. Exhyphopodiate septate hyphae (bar, 10 µm). Figs 18, 19. Asci and muriform ascospores (bars, 10 µm). Table 3. Comparison of the other Dictyonella species with D. tabebuiae D. D. D. D. D. D. alangii Hansf. & Thirum" dictyosporus" erysiphoides", # mirabilis (Syd.) Arx" scabra" tabebuiae Host Ascomata diam. (µm) Asci (µm) Ascospores (µm) Alangium (¯ Marlea) begoniifolium, Alangiaceae Crescentia cujete, Bignoniaceae Coccoloba uvifera, Coccoloba sp., Polygonaceae Premma odorata, Verbenaceae Antiaris africana, Chlorophora excelsa, Moraceae Tabebuia ochracea, Bignoniaceae 100¬400 50–150 60–80¬160–250 90–115¬400–1100 100–240 53–97¬111–216 30–40¬25–30 — 34–55¬24–32 34–44¬22–30 55–80¬35–45 47–95¬32–53 19–24¬9–11 18–26¬8–12 25–28¬9–12 23–28¬10–13 30–38¬3–16 26–39¬11–17 " Arx (1963) ; # Batista & Nascimento (1958). C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 701 Figs 20–26. Fumagospora tabebuiae. Fig. 20. Epiphyllous colonies spreading on leaf blade of Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 21. Fimbriate conidioma extruding conidia. Fig. 22. Texture of conidiomatal wall. Fig. 23. Monilioid superficial mycelium. Fig. 24. Detail of fimbriate conidiomatal tip and multiseptate conidia. Fig. 25. Phialidic conidiogenous cell indicated by an arrow. Fig. 26. Hyaline, 2–3 septate conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 20. Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 702 Figs 27–32. Polychaeton tabebuiae. Fig. 27. Colonies on Tabebuia ipe (Bar, 50 mm). Fig. 28. Conidioma, SEM. Figs 29, 30. Monilioid hyphae at the base of a non-fimbriate conidioma showing wall with textura varying from angularis to prismatica. Fig. 31. Phialidic conidiogenous cell (arrow). Fig. 32. Conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 27. Colonies dark brown to black, spread throughout the leaf blade, epiphyllous, velvety with raised dots, irregular, coalescent (Fig. 20). Mycelium dark brown to black, superficial, exhyphopodiate, branched. Hyphae 7–21¬4–11 µm, light brown to brown, septate, branched, constricted at the septa (monilioid), with doliiform cells (Fig. 23). Conidiomata 86–219 µm high¬44–122 µm diam., conical with a truncate rostrum, ostiolate, brown ; wall with textura angularis ; cells 8–13¬4–10 µm. Rostrum fimbriate, 14–44 µm diam. ; fimbriae 20–40¬2±5–4 µm (Figs 21, 22, 24). Conidiogenous cells ampulliform, small, hyaline, phialidic (Fig. 25). Conidia 9–21¬4–10 µm, 1–4 septate, muriform, oblong-elliptical, slightly constricted at the middlemost septum (Figs 24, 26). Batista & Ciferri (1963) included in their monograph three species of Fumagospora G. Arnaud, the type species, F. capnodioides G. Arnaud (teleomorph : Capnodium salicinum Mont., sensu Hughes, 1976) on Citrus, Olea, and Nerium in France, F. gaultheriae Bat., A. F. Vital & Cif. on Gaultheria procumbens L. (associated with Microxyphium [¯ Polychaeton sensu S. Hughes] aciculiform Cif., Bat. & Nascim.), and F. cistophila (Fr. sensu Maire) Bat. & Cif. (teleomorph : C. cistophylum Maire) on Citrus sp. from North Africa. Hawksworth et al. (1995) apparently recognized only F. capnodioides. As the species descriptions given by Batista & Ciferri (1963) were clearly presented and illustrated they were compared with F. tabebuiae. There is only one close to the new species. It is F. cistophila, which has different dimensions of conidiomata (192–275¬82–110 µm) and conidia (13–17¬ 7–8±5 µm), thus justifying the proposal of a new species of Fumagospora associated with T. impetiginosa. Polychaeton tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 27–32) Coloniae 1–6 mm, atro-brunneae aut nigrae, effusae, amphigenae, circulares vel irregulares in intervenis locatae, ellipticae ubi proximae venarum locatae. Mycelium atro-brunneum, tenue. Hyphae pallidobrunneae, septatae, ramosae, constrictionibus septorum manifestae, cum cellulis (6–14¬3–6 µm) doliiformibus, oblongis aut subglobosis. Coniodiomata 105–255¬32–68 µm, pycnidialia, lageniformia, brunnea, rostrata, ostiolata. Parietes texturae angulares ad bases conidio- C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 703 Table 4. Main characteristics of Astragoxyphium, Leptoxyphium, and Microxyphium species sensu Batista & Ciferri (1963) [¯ Polychaeton sensu Hughes (1976)] compared with those of Polychaeton tabebuiae Conidiomata (µm) Ostiole Astragoxyphium plumeriae Leptoxyphium graminum Microxyphium aciculiforme 345–670¬35–55 150–320¬30–60 300–500¬40–60 Fimbriate Fimbriate Fimbriate M. artocarpi 105–285¬19–46 Fimbriate M. coffeanum M. columnatum M. footii M. jambosae M. leptospermi M. pinicola Polychaeton tabebuiae 200–260¬25–47 46–135¬24–37 550–2530¬73±5–93 240–350¬28–45 150–600¬30–60 660–4300¬78–125 105–255¬32–68 Fimbriate Fimbriate Fimbriate Fimbriate Non-fimbriate Fimbriate Non-fimbriate matum (cellulis 4–10¬3–8 µm) sed texturae prismaticae ad rostra conidiomatum (cellulis 7–22¬3–8 µm). Rostra 58–146 longa¬13– 30 µm diam. Cellulae condidiogenae 2–5(–8)¬2–4(–9) µm, ampulliformes, hyalinae, parvae, phialidicae, aseptatae. Conidia 4–7¬1–2 µm, aseptata, muriformia, elliptica vel ovoida. In foliis vivis Tabebiae roseo-albae, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 12 Sep. 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 200, UB col. micol. 6444, holotypus. Colonies 1–6 mm diam., dark brown to black, amphigenous, scattered on the leaf blade, circular or irregular, elliptical when near the ribs (Fig. 27). Mycelium dark brown, thin. Hyphae light brown, septate, monilioid ; cells 6–14¬3–6 µm, doliiform, oblong to subglobose (Figs 29, 30). Conidiomata 105–255¬ 32–68 µm, pycnidial, lageniform, rostrate, ostiolate ; wall textura angularis (cells 4–10¬3–8 µm) at conidiomatal base and textura prismatica at rostrum (cells 7–22¬3–8 µm) ; rostrum 58–146 long¬13–30 µm diam. (Figs 28–30). Conidiogenous cells 2–5(–8)¬2–4(–9) µm, minute, phialidic, ampulliform, aseptate (Fig. 31). Conidia 4–7¬1–2 µm, hyaline, aseptate, elliptical or ovoid (Fig. 32). Hughes (1976) in his classical review of the sooty moulds included Polychaeton (Pers.) Le! v. based on a lectotype that he designated Polychaeton quercinum (Pers.) S. Hughes (¯ Fumago quercina Pers.). The genus accommodates coelomycetes with rostrate pycnidia with a wider base topped by a fimbriate or smooth rostrum, and having a Scorias Fr. teleomorph. These coelomycetes were placed under Microxyphium Sacc. by Batista & Ciferri (1963) but this name was not accepted by Hughes (1976) because of the previous existence of Microxyphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Thu$ men (teleomorph : Dennisiella Bat. & Cif.), a dematiaceous hyphomycete. Batista & Ciferri (1963) in their monograph on the Asbolisiaceae which included the pycnidial anamorphs of the Capnodiales placed under Microxyphium, Astragoxyphium, and Leptoxyphium, as typical coelomycetes. Since these might be considered as Polychaeton spp. sensu Hughes (1976), P. tabebuiae was compared with other species incorrectly placed in other genera by Batista & Ciferri (1963), e.g. Astragoxyphium plumeriae Bat. & Matta, Leptoxyphium graminum (Pat.) Speg., Microxyphium aciculiforme Bat., Cif. & Nascim., M. artocarpi Bat., Nascim. & Cif., M. coffeanum Bat. & Matta, M. columnatum Cells of conidiomatal wall (µm) Conidia (µm) Hyphal cells (µm) 20–24±5¬4–8 10–11±5¬3–4±5 2±5–10¬2–6 to 10–14¬1±5–3 2±5–6±5¬3–5 (base) 2±5–6±5¬3–5 (rostrum) 3–9¬2–4 2±5–6±5¬2–6 4–15¬3–6 4–5¬1±5–2 3–4±5¬1–1±5 14–27¬2±5–15±5 8–14¬4–5 8±5–15¬3±5 5–13¬3–5 4–10¬2 6±5–22±5¬2±5–5±5 4–10¬3–8 (base) 7–22¬3–8 (rostrum) 3–5¬1–2 4±5–9¬4±5–6±5 1–2 diam. 2±5–4±5¬1–1±2 3–5¬2–2 2–5¬2–4 4±5–5¬1±5–2 3–4¬1–1 4–7¬1–2 5±5–11¬3–4 4±5–12±5¬3–5±5 4–8¬2–4 7±5–9¬4±5–6 4–9¬3–5±5 6–14¬3–6 Bat., Cif. & Nascim., M. foottii Harv., M. leptospermi E. Fisch., M. jambosae Bat., M. pinicola Bat. & Nascim. (Table 4) which are all Polychaeton species sensu Hughes. Reference to Table 4 will allow those characters which distinguish P. tabebuiae from the other species to be identified. The only Microxyphium species reported on Tabebuia was M. columnatum, with smaller conidiomata with walls of textura globosa to textura angularis, containing smaller subglobose cells (2±5–6±5¬2–6 µm). Based on these comparisons it was concluded that there are major differences between the known Microxyphium (¯ Polychaeton sensu S. Hughes) species and P. tabebuiae. Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 33–39) Laesiones usque ad 13 mm diam., amphigenae, circulares vel irregulares, saepe hypophyllae, pallido-brunneae vel brunneo-griseae marginibus cerasinis, coalescentes. Stromata 23–77 µm, brunneae, subepidermalia, erumpentia, texturis angularibus, cellulis 3–8 µm diam. Conidiophora 18–58¬2–5 µm, brunnea, 1–5 septata, ramosa, flexuosa, interdum proliferationibus percurrentibus, dense fasciculata vel caespitosa. Cellulae conidiogenae holoblasticae, sympodiales, interdum proliferationibus percurrentibus, geniculatae, integratae, terminales vel intercalares, cicatricibus inconspicuis sed conspicuis ubicumque per microscopium electronicum examinatae. Conidia 12–57¬2–5 µm, hyalina vel pallido-brunnea, 1–8-septata, recta aut curva, apicibus subulatis vel obtusis, basibus latis truncatis, cicatricibus inconspicuis. In foliis vivis Tabebuiae roseo-albae. Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Planto Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 27 Jul. 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 439, UB mycol. col. 9796, holotypus. Lesions up to 13 mm diam., amphigenous, often hypophyllous, light brown becoming brownish-grey with reddish-brown borders, circular or irregular, coalescent (Fig. 33). Stromata 23–77¬26–65 µm diam., brown, subepidermal, erumpent, textura angularis ; cells 3–8 µm diam. Conidiophores 18–58¬ 2–5 µm, brown, 1–5-septate, branched, flexuous, sometimes proliferating percurrently, densely fasciculate to caespitose (Figs 34–38). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, sympodial, sometimes proliferating percurrently, geniculate, integrated, terminal becoming intercalary, with inconspicuous scars which Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 704 Figs 33–39. Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae. Fig. 33. Leaf spots on Tabebuia roseo-albae (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 34. Caespitose conidiophores and conidia, SEM. Fig. 35. Stomatal and erumpent conidiophores, SEM. Fig. 36. Conidiophores bearing immature conidia, SEM. Fig. 37. Conidiophores (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 38. Sympodial proliferation on a conidiophore, SEM. Fig. 39. Conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Figs 33 and 37. Table 5. Main characteristics of Pseudocercospora species on Bignoniaceae in comparison with those of P. tabebuiae-roseo-albae Host Lesion (mm) Stroma (µm) Conidiophore (µm) P. sordida" Tecoma radicans None Absent 20–120¬3–5 P. sordida# Campsis grandiflora 1–7 Absent 20–90¬3±5–5 P. P. P. P. Tecomaria capensis Oroxyli indici Stereospermun Tabebuia roseo-alba 1–4 (15) 2–5 5 Up to 13 Absent Absent 25¬50 23–77¬20–65 4–25¬2–8 50–100¬4–9 16–60¬3–6 18–58¬2–5 tecomae-heterophyllae$ oroxyligina% stereospermicola% tabebuiae-roseo-albae " Chupp (1953) ; # Guo & Hsieh (1995) ; $ Yen, Kar & Das (1982) ; % Sriskantha & Sivanesan (1980). Conidia (µm) 20–200¬3–5, pale to medium olivaceous 20–165¬3–5±5, light brown to olivaceous 20–70¬2–3, subhyaline 24–87¬7–9, light brown olive 50–110¬2–5, pale to light olivaceous 12–57¬2–5, pale brown C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 705 Figs 40–45. Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Fig. 40. Circular leaf spots on Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 41. Conidial cirrus, SEM. Fig. 42. Section of a subepidermal to intramesophyllic conidioma. Fig. 43. Distribution of conidiogenous cell lining the inner wall of a conidioma. Fig. 44. Percurrent proliferation (arrow) of a conidiogenous cell which is sympodially forming two conidia. Fig. 45. Multiseptate, guttulate, cylindrical conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 40. can be resolved in SEM (Figs 36–38). Conidia 12–57¬2–5 µm, hyaline to light brown, 1–8-septate, straight or curved, apex subacute or obtuse, base broad, truncate, not cicatrized (Fig. 39). Other specimens examined : On living leaves of T. roseo-alba, Brası! lia, DF, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto : 11 Sep. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 432, UB col. micol 9931 ; 2 Oct. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 443, UB col. micol. 10294. Among Pseudocercospora Speg. species reported on Bignoniaceae those which shared characteristics with P. tabebuiaeroseo-albae were selected (Table 5) for comparison. Pseudocercospora sordida (Sacc.) Deighton (Chupp, 1953 ; Deighton, 1976 ; Guo & Hsieh, 1995) lacks stromata, forms mostly epiphyllous colonies, has longer conidiophores (20– 120 µm) and conidia (20–200 µm) ; and P. tecomae-heterophyllae (J. M. Yen) Y. L. Guo & X. J. Liu with only hypophyllous Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 706 Table 6. Main characteristics of Septoria species on Bignoniaceae compared to S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae S. S. S. S. catalpae cremasti distictidis ipirangae Host Conidiomata (µm) Conidiogenous cells (µm) Conidia (µm) Conidial septation Catalpa syringifolia Bignonia pulchra Distictis mensoana Unknown 60–70 120–140 80–90 60–80 N 7–8¬3–3±5 N N 10–15¬1±5 40–55¬1±5–2 40–80¬3–3±5 30¬1 Aseptate 3–5 septate Septate Aseptate S. tecomae S. tecomaxochiti Tecoma radicans T. radicans 65–70 50–90 N N 40–50¬2–2±5 30–44¬1–5 N Not seen S. cucutana Tabebuia pentaphylla ; T. spectabilis T. berterii T. impetiginosa 90–110 N 34–40¬0±8–1 N 50–80 (–100) 38–93 N 3–8¬3–7 18–40¬1±7–2±5 Septate 25–67¬2–4 2–6-septate S. tabebuiae S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae Ref. Saccardo (1884) Vie! gas (1945 b) Vie! gas (1945 b) Vie! gas (1961) ; Trotter (1972) Saccardo (1895) Tehon & Stout (1929) ; Trotter (1972) Dennis (1970) ; Kern & Toro (1935) Petrak & Ciferri (1930) N, no data. colonies also does not form stromata, has slightly longer conidia (20–70 µm) on shorter conidiophores (4–25 µm) (Guo & Hsieh, 1995). Thus, both clearly differed from P. tabebuiaeroseo-albae. Pseudocercospora oroxyligena J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das is non-stromatic and shows major differences in conidial dimensions and septation in relation to P. tabebuiae-roseo-albae. P. stereospermicola Srisk. & Sivan. differs in its smaller stromata, larger conidia, and smaller leaf spots (Table 5). As this is a first record of a Pseudocercospora on Tabebuia clearly different from other species found on Bignoniaceae it is considered a new species. Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 40–45) Laesiones usque ad 4 mm diam., amphigenae, circulares vel irregulares, coalescentes, primo rubello-purpuraceae tandem pallido-cinnereae cum marginibus rubello-purpuracis vel simpliciter pallido-brunneae. Mycelium immersum, pallido-brunneum. Hyphae 2–5 µm diam., septatae. Conidiomata 38–93 µm diam. amphigena, pycnidialia, globosa, ostiolata, immersa, subepidermalia, erumpentia, texturis angularibus ; parietis ex cellulis 3–8 µm diam. composita. Cellulae conidiogenae 3–8¬3–7 µm, ex cellulis in superficie interna parietis conidiomatis compositae, holoblasticae, cylindraceae, proliferatio percurrens unica raro adest. Conidia 25–67¬2–4 µm, hyalina, guttulata, 2–6 septata, leniter curvata, fusiformia vel cylindracea, basibus truncatis, apicibus subacutis. In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 27 Jul. 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio no : 178, UB col. micol. 6279, holotypus. Lesions up to 4 mm diam., circular, coalescent, becoming irregular, initially purplish-red becoming light grey with purplish-red borders or light brown, amphigenous (Figs 40, 41). Mycelium immersed, pale brown ; Hyphae septate ; 2–5 µm diam. Conidiomata 38–93 µm diam., amphigenous, pycnidial, globose, ostiolate, immersed, subepidermal, erumpent, textura angularis ; cells 3–8 µm diam. (Figs 42, 43). Conidiogenous cells 3–8¬3–7 µm, holoblastic, cylindrical, rarely with one percurrent proliferation, originated from the inner layer of the conidiomatal wall (Figs 43, 44). Conidia 25–67¬2–4 µm, hyaline, guttulate, 2–6-septate, slightly curved, fusiform to cylindrical with a truncate base ; apex subacute (Figs 44, 45). Other specimens examined : On living leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa in Brası! lia, DF : University of Brası! lia Campus, 6 Mar. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 272, UB col. micol. 8343 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, near Central Library, 7 Apr. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 274, UB col. micol. UB 8346 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, near Bank of Brasil, 24 Apr. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 277, UB col. micol. 8349 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, ICC Sul, 13 Jun. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 299, UB col. micol. 8893 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, near Central Library, 13 Jun. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 300, UB col. micol. 8349. Several Septoria species have been found on bignoniaceous hosts including Tabebuia (Table 6). Saccardo (1884) described Septoria catalpae Sacc. on Catalpa syringifolia Bunge with small bacilliform conidia (10–15¬1±5 µm), which cannot be confused with S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. The same is true with the two species described by Vie! gas (1945 b) in Brazil, S. cremasti Vie! gas and Septoria distictidis. Septoria cremasti has larger epiphyllous intramesophyllic conidiomata which form smaller conidia than S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae while S. distictidis differs from this new species by the black globose pycnidia which are exclusively epiphyllous and longer hyaline conidia. Vie! gas (1961) reported S. ipirangae Speg. on an unidentified Bignoniaceae which is also different because it forms aseptate, shorter and thinner conidia (30¬1 µm) (Saccardo & Trotter, 1913). The two Septoria species reported on Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss. [¯ Bignonia radicans L., ¯ Campsis radicans (L.) Seem], (Macbride, 1961), S. tecomaxochiti Tehon & G. L. Stout (1929) with shorter aseptate conidia, and S, tecomae Ellis & Everh. with smaller conidiomata and shorter conidia are both clearly different from S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Vie! gas (1961) recorded S. tabebuiae Petr. & Cif. on T. berterii Britton and S. cucutana F. Kern & Toro (1935) on T. pentaphylla Hemsl. and on T. spectabilis Planch. & Linden. These differ from S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae because S. tabebuiae has aseptate conidia and S. cucutana forms larger conidiomata, but has shorter and thinner conidia. Ferreira (1989) mentioned a Septoria on T. serratifolia, but without description. Uncinula peruviana Uncinula peruviana causes powdery mildew on Tabebuia species (Zheng, 1985 ; Braun, 1987 ; Dianese & Dianese, 1994). Vie! gas (1944) reported an Oidium sp. on Tabebuia sp. (¯ Tecoma sp.), C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 707 Figs 46–51. Uncinula peruviana. Fig. 46. Amphigenous whitish colonies on leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 47. Setose ascoma, SEM. Fig. 48. Circinate ascomatal appendages. Fig. 49. Ascoma showing wall with textura angularis. Fig. 50. An ascoma extruding three asci. Fig. 51. Aseptate, hyaline, oblong ascospores (arrows). All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 46. in Cascata, State of Sa4 o Paulo, and Vie! gas (1961) recorded it on T. ipe Mart. and T. grandiceps Kra$ nzl. in South America. Rezende & Ferreira (1988) and Ferreira (1989) studied the oidial symptoms present on T. rosea and T. ipe in Brası! lia, Goia# nia, Londrina, and also on T. serratifolia from Viçosa, Minas Gerais. These authors concluded that the disease was caused by an Uncinula species, probably U. peruviana. A collection of the fungus is described and illustrated to complement previous descriptions (Braun, 1987), and also because this is a first record with a positive identification of the species in the area around Brası! lia. Uncinula peruviana Syd. Annales Mycologici 28, p. 433. 1930 (Figs. 46–51) Lesions powdery, white to grey, amphigenous, circular, coalescing to cover most of the leaf blade (Fig. 46). Mycelium superficial, amphigenous, hyaline, dense. Hyphae 4–8 µm diam., superficial, hyaline, septate, branched (Fig. 47). Ascomata 87–129¬92–131 µm diam., on superficial mycelium, astomous, globose, appendiculate, amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, dark brown to black ; walls with textura angularis ; cells 6–22 µm diam. (Figs 47–50). Appendages 61–224¬ 5–7 µm, with uncinate apex, 25–60 per ascoma, mostly at the Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species equatorial area of the ascoma, hyaline, thick-walled, aseptate, unbranched, smooth (Figs 47, 48). Asci 22–60¬17–40 µm, globose or subglobose, sessile or short-pedicellate, 1–3spored (Fig. 50). Ascospores 15–27¬10–17 µm, hyaline, oblong to ovoid, smooth, guttulate (Fig. 51). Anamorphic state : Oidium-like ; Hyphae 3–7 µm diam. ; conidiophores 5–10 diam.¬10–29 µm long ; conidia 27–39¬10–17 µm amphigenous, hyaline, doliiform, catenulate. Specimens examined : On living leaves of T. impetiginosa, SQN 707, Brası! lia, DF. Teleomorph : 7 May 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 273, UB col. micol. 8344. Anamorph : 28 May 95 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 290, UB col. micol. 8605 ; 28 Feb. 96 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 446, UB col. micol. 11120. 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