A checklist of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota in Sri Lanka

Nimal  Adikaram

A survey of fungi (2012-2014) associated with litter samples collected from selected forest localities of Telangana revealed that Craspedodidymum abigianense, Cryptocoryneum condensatum, Septosporium bulbotrichum, Bactrodesmium linderi form new additions to the fungi of India.

The first on-line fungal website from India has been launched with seven databases of Indian fungi containing 7528 specimen records representing 384 families, 1385 genera, and 5906 species. Every species has been given a unique identity number that can be cited in any publication. Every record in this database has the name checked in MycoBank, and will be linked to other fungal databases throughout the World. This is also the first Indian initiative towards the international documentation of the country’s biodiversity.

This paper deals with two new fungal species from Vidarbha, India, collected on different hosts, i.e. Eupropolella on Tectona grandis L. and Helicosporium on Pongamea glabra Vent. Jard. Malm. E. indica sp. nov. differred from E. britannica in the size of apothecium, ascus and ascospores. H. melghatianum sp. nov. is distinct from the reported species viz, H. vegetum, H. panacheum, H. elinorae, H. linder, H. guianensis and H. abuense in morphological character and hence treated as new species Key words : Apothecia, Unitunicate asci, uniseriate spores, helicoid conidia Citation: Dharkar N, Subhedar A, Hande1 D and Shahezad MA. 2010. Two new fungal species from Vidarbha, India. J Mycol Pl Pathol 40(2):235-237.

Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v49i1.7709 CHECKLIST A checklist of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota in Sri Lanka N.K.B. Adikaram1,* and D.M.D. Yakandawala2 1 National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka. Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka. 2 Received: 02/06/2019; Accepted: 15/02/2020 Abstract: Sri Lanka is blessed with a rich ecosystem diversity, however, only a small fraction of the diverse flora and fauna in the country is known. Only around 3,000 species of fungi are currently known out of the estimated number of 25,000 species of native fungal flora of Sri Lanka. This includes the 2,000 species, belonging to 640 genera, recorded prior to 1950. The fungi studied, prior to 1950, have been well documented, as journal publications, checklists or books. In contrast, the information on Sri Lankan fungal flora, available especially after 1950, is scattered. The present `Checklist of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Sri Lanka’ is intended to bring together all species of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota recorded in the country after late nineteen forties. The checklist consists of 404 species of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota, belonging to 110 genera and 230 species, associated with diseases of horticultural, agricultural and plantation crops and their harvested produce and forests plants in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Fungi, Oomycota, Plant pathogenic fungi. INTRODUCTION Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian ocean located at the southern point of the Indian sub-continent, between 5o 54’ and 9° 52’ North Latitude and 79o 39’ and 81o 53’ East Longitude with a land area of 6,570,134 ha. Topographically, the island comprises of central mountains with an elevation of up to 2500 m, surrounded by the lowlands. The overall climate of the Island could be considered as tropical, mainly due to the differences in rainfall and elevation. A variation in the weather is observed across the island with a very distinctive dry and wet seasons. The rainfall shows a seasonal variation and country depends on the southwest and northeast monsoons and on convectional and cyclonic effects. The average temperature ranges between 28 - 32 ͦ C. Despite its small size, Sri Lanka is blessed with a rich ecosystem diversity owing to its topographic and climatic heterogeneity as well as its coastal influence. Higher plants, vertebrates and few other selected groups have been studied in detail. Most other groups remain to be explored. The native fungal flora in Sri Lanka has been conservatively estimated to be around 25,000 species (Adikaram, 2004), based on the fungus to higher plant species ratio of 6:1 (Hawksworth, 1991). The total number of species known to date could be around 3,000, including those that were recorded prior to 1950 by Berkeley and Broome (1871), Petch (1906, 1910, 1923) and Petch and Bisby (1950) which amount to about 640 genera and 2,000 species. It is quite unlikely that ancient Ceylonese people lacked even an awareness, if not an understanding, of the organisms that the Western world has described as ‘fungi’. It is possible that they may have used their own terminology to describe, mushrooms and toadstools for example, that would have been common in their surroundings and visible to the naked eye. However, the earliest records of fungi, by species names and drawings in Ceylon, were Peziza ceylonsche and Peziza lembosa in 1783 by Houttuyn. The fungi studied, prior to 1950, in Ceylon have been well documented and mostly compiled in to checklists or books. In contrast, the information on Sri Lankan fungal flora, recorded after 1950, is scattered in Scientific Journals, Proceedings of Scientific Meetings and Annual Reports of Research Institutes (Karunarathna et al. 2012). A reasonable number of fungi, though known, do not appear to have been published. Except for a few major plantation crops such as tea and rubber, understanding of the fungi infecting agricultural, horticultural, ornamental or forest plants etc. is incomplete. ‘Diseases of cultivated plants - their Diagnosis and Treatment in Ceylon’ by D.V.W. Abeygunawardena in 1969 was a comprehensive guide to Plant Pathology as a subject as well as to the diseases in plants cultivated in Ceylon. The book is useful even in today’s context of Plant Pathology, 50 years after the book was first written. ‘A handbook to the fungi parasitic on the plants of Sri Lanka’ (1979) that carries morphological illustrations of numerous genera of parasitic fungi, is mainly a guide to identification of fungi causing numerous plant diseases and disease diagnosis. The present ‘Checklist of Plant Pathogenic Fungi’ is intended to bring together all species of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota recorded in the country after late nineteen forties. Plant pathogenic fungi recorded in Sri Lanka were compiled using literature published in the country. The checklist consists of 404 entries of fungi and Oomycota, belonging to 110 genera and 230 species that have been recorded from agricultural, horticultural, plantation, forest and ornamental plants and freshly harvested produce in the country after late nineteen fifties. *Corresponding Author’s Email: nimal.ad@nifs.ac.lk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-1241 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 94 The checklist provides, for every fungal species the common and the species name of the host plant/s, the name of the disease in most cases, and the source of publication or the communication. The name of the fungus given in the checklist is the same name as it appeared in the publication. In a separate column, the current name of each species is also given. For easy reference the names of fungi are given in alphabetical order. Oomycota, belonging to the Kingdom Chromista, are listed separately from fungi in the checklist. Some of the fungi in the checklist may have also been recorded in publications prior to 1950’s. Among the genera in the Checklist, Colletotrichum, causing anthracnose disease (Figure 1), was the most recorded plant pathogen during the period. Colletotrichum thrives under the warm and humid conditions prevailing in many parts of the country. Colletotrichum infections are most common in edible fruit species where infections usually occur in the field at early stages of fruit development. The fungus remains quiescent until the fruit undergo ripening to develop progressive anthracnose symptoms Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 (Adikaram et al. 1983). The genus has also undergone intense molecular revision recently increasing its species in great numbers and attention as a pathogen in a wider range of plants (Baroncellil et al. 2016). Powdery mildews are most common in many parts of the country, again due to prevailing favorable weather conditions. Botrytis cinerea infections were found only in the coldest, hilly area in the Central Province. Penicillium diseases were found under moderate temperatures. The highest number of fungi have been recorded from vegetable diseases followed by fruit and plantation crops respectively and the total number of fungi from vegetable, fruit and plantation crops added together amounts to 69% of the total number in the checklist. This data provided in the Checklist will be useful in the compilation of fungal biodiversity of Sri Lanka. The checklist will, not by any means, be a conclusive list and new records will continue to be added regularly in the future. Figure 1: (a) Rust disease in Uguressa (S) (Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.) fruit caused by Kuehneola flacourtiae (Mundk. & Thirum.) Thirum., (b) Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) infection (Left) of rose (Rosa chinensis var. Ramblers) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary) (Right) of bud and stalk, (c) Water blister of pineapple fruit caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau., (d) Anthracnose disease by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore in Capsicum annuum L., (e) Blister blight in tea caused by Exobasidium vexans Massee, and (f) Aecia stage of leaf rust in Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. 95 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala Table 1: Checklist of Plant Pathogenic fungi and Oomycota in Sri Lanka. Species reported Current name Host plant and disease Reference/s 1. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Alternaria rot Adikaram (1986/87) 2. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Brassica species. Alternaria spot Bond (1947) 3. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) 4. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Alternaria rot Habarakada and Seneviratne (1987) 5. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides) Leaf spot Habarakada and Seneviratne (1987) 6. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Knol-khol (S) (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) Leaf spot and blight Habarakada and Seneviratne (1987) 7. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Alternaria leaf spot Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) 8. Alternaria dauci (Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Leaf blight Abeygunawardhane (1969) 9. Alternaria oleracea Milb. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Leaf spot Bond (1947) 10. Alternaria oleracea Milb. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire. Kohl-rabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa DC.). Leaf spot Bond (1947) 11. Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) M.B. Ellis Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) M.B. Ellis Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stackburn Seneviratne and Jeyanandarajah (2004) 12. Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciffer Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciffer Onion (small) (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) G. Don Purple blotch disease Wickramaarachchi et al. (2004); Araskesasry et al. (2016) 13. Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciffer Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciffer Red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Purple blotch disease Ravindranatha and Kugathasan (1990) 14. Alternaria solani (Ellis & G. Martin) L.R. Jones Alternaria solani Sorauer Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Early blight Wickramaarachchi (2005) 15. Alternaria tenuis Nees Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. Hyperparasite of Oidium mangiferae on Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Current name:Euphorbia tithymaloides L. Adikaram et al. (2002) Sordaria destruens (Shear) Hawker Aswenna (S), (Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.) Fernando and Abeywickrama (1996) Sordaria destruens (Shear) Hawker Neeramulliya (S) (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.). Current name: Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Fernando and Abeywickrama (1996) 16. Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. 17. Anthostomella destruens Shear 18. Anthostomella destruens Shear 96 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Armillaria root Disease Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.). Current name: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.). Pod spot 19. Armillaria fuscipes Petch Armillaria fuscipes Petch 20. Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter 21. Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter Shoe-flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.). Leaf spot Bond (1947) 22. Ascochyta cyphomandrae Petch Ascochyta cyphomandrae Petch Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.). Leaf spot Bond (1947) 23. Ascochyta oleracea var. tumida T.E.T. Bond Ascochyta oleracea var. tumida T.E.T. Bond Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Leaf spot Bond (1947) 24. Ascochyta passiflorae Penz. & Sacc. Ascochyta passiflorae Penz. & Sacc. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) Leaf spot Adikaram (1986/87) 25. Ascochyta pisi Lib. Didymella pisi Chilvers, J.D. Rogers & Peever Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Ascochyta blight Abeygunawardhane (1969) 26. Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Soft rot Senanayake et al. (2015) 27. Aspergillus flavus Link. Aspergillus flavus Link Stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) Paranagama et al. (2003) 28. Aspergillus flavus Link. Aspergillus flavus Link. Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb rot Rajapakse and Edirimanna (2002) 29. Aspergillus niger van Tieghem Aspergillus niger Tiegh. 30. Aspergillus niger van Tieghem Aspergillus niger Tiegh. 31. Aspergillus tamarii Kita Aspergillus tamarii Kita Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb rot Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Aspergillus rot Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Soft rot Rajapakse and Edirimanna (2002) Krishnapillai and Wilson Wijeratnam (2013) Senanayake et al. (2015) 32. Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Asperisporium leaf disease Adikaram and Wijepala (1995) 33. Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Brown spot disease Grain discolouration Mithrasena et al. (2012a) 34. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Stem-end rot Madhupani and Adikaram (2017) 35. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa) Fruit rot N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 36. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Adikaram (1986/87) 37. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Stem-end rot Adikaram (1986/87) 38. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. . Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Stem-end rot Abeywickrama et al. (2012) 39. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Wood apple (Limonia acidissima Groff ), Diwul (S), Fruit rot Adikaram et al. (1989) Pegler (1986) Bond (1947) 97 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 40. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Banana (Musa acuminata Colla) Crown rot Indrakeerthi and Adikaram (2011) 41. Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Guava (Psidium guava Griseb.) Soft rot Alahakoon et al. (2008) 42. Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not Bo (S) (Ficus religiosa L.) Leaf blotch Maharachchikumbura and Adikaram (2009) 43. Botrytis cinerea Pers. Botrytis cinerea Pers. Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) 44. Botrytis cinerea Pers. Botrytis cinerea Pers. Rose (Rosa chinensis var. Ramblers). Flower blight N.K.B. Adikaram. Unpublished work 45. Calonectria theae Loos Calonectria indusiata Boedijn & Reitsma 46. Catenulopsora flacourtiae Mundk & Thirum Kuehneola flacourtiae (Mundk. & Thirum.) 47. Ceratocystis paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc. Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Höhn. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Cercosporella Leaf disease Uguressa (S) (Flacourtia ramontchi L’Hérit.) Current name: Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Rust disease Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Stem bleeding disease 48. Ceratophorum setosum O. Kirch. Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work 49. Cercospora beticola Chidd. Cercospora beticola Chidd. Abeygunawardhane (1969) 50. Cercospora brassicicola P. Henn. Cercospora brassicicola P. Henn. 51. Cercospora capsici Unamuno Passalora capsicicola (Vassiljevsky) U. Braun & F.O. Freire Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cercospora leaf spot Chinese Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). Leaf spot Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Leaf spot 52. Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Solheim Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Leaf blight Abeygunawardhane (1969) 53. Cercospora janseana (Racib.) Constant. Passalora janseana (Racib.) U. Braun Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Narrow brown leaf spot Dissanayake and Wickramasinghe (1999) 54. Cercospora melongenae Welles Cercospora physalidis Ellis Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Leaf spot Abeygunawardhane (1969) 55. Cercospora nicotianae Ellis & Everh. Cercospora physalidis Ellis, Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Frog eye Park and Chandraratne (1940) 56. Cercospora oryzae I. Miyake Sphaerulina oryzina Hara Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Leaf spot Seneviratne (1978) 57. Cercospora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ellis & Everh. Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Leaf spot Abeygunawardhane (1969) 58. Cercospora piaropi Tharp Cercospora piaropi Tharp Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms) Leaf spot Hettiarachchi et al. (1983) 59. Cercospora rodmanii Conway Cercospora rodmanii Conway Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Leaf spot Cheanieha Queen et al. (2016) 60. Cercospora solani Thüm Cercospora solani Thüm Solanum nigrum L. Current name: Solanum americanum Mill. Leaf yellowing Bond (1947) Loos (1951) N.K.B. Adikaram. Unpublished work Gunawardena (1955) P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work Abeygunawardhane (1969) 98 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 G.M. Nilmini Kumari, Unpublished work 61. Cercospora zinniae Ellis & G. Martin Cercospora zinniae Ellis & G. Martin 62. Cercosporella brassicae (Fautr. & Roum) v. Hoehn Neopseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) Leaf spot Turnips (Brassica campestris L.). Current name: Brassica rapa L. White spot 63. Ceriporiopsis hypolateritius (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden Ceriporiopsis hypolateritia (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Red Root rot Arulpragasam (1988) 64. Chalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc. Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril). Water blister Damunupola and Adikaram (2000) 65. Chalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc. Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril.) Stem-end rot Adikaram et al. (2019) 66. Chalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc. Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) Crown bud rot Adikaram et al. (2019) 67. Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter Choanephora infundibulifera f. cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Schipper Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Choanephora blight Gunasekera et al. (1985) 68. Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter Choanephora infundibulifera f. cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Schipper Psophocarpus scandens (Endl.) Verdc. (Endl.) Verdc Choanephora blight Gunasekera et al. (1990) 69. Cladosporium fulvum Cooke Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Cif. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Leaf mould Abeygunawardhane (1969) 70. Cladosporium versicolor T.E.T. Bond Passalora perfoliati (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun & Crous Hulan-tala (S) (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) Leaf spot/blotch Bond (1947) 71. Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Abayasekara et al. (2013) 72. Cladosporium sp. Cladosporium sp. Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Inflorescence blight Sinniah et al. (2012) 73. Cochliobolus miyabeanus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Brown spot disease Fernando et al. (2016) 74. Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. Temple tree (Plumeria sp.). Plumeria rust Adikaram and Weeraratne (2006) 75. Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Red onion (Allium cepa L.). Leaf twister Disease Vengadaramana and Costa (2015) 76. Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. Anthracnose Mahendranathan et al. (2011) 77. Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds 78. Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds 79. Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds Uguressa (S) (Flacourtia ramontchi L’Hérit.) Current name: Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Anthracnose Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Colletotrichum leaf disease Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Anthracnose Bond (1947) Jayasinghe and Fernando (2004) Thambugala and Deshappriya (2009) Jayasinghe and Fernando (2009) 99 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 80. Colletotrichum asianum Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum asianum Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Anthracnose Vithanage et al. (2014). 81. Colletotrichum camelliae Massee Colletotrichum camelliae Massee Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Brown blight & anthracnose Webster (1952) 82. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P. Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Anthracnose Mahendranadan et al. (2010) 83. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P. Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Antharcnose Adikaram (1986/87) 84. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P. Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby. Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Anthracnose Dharmasiri (1988) 85. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P. Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Wood apple (Limonia acidissima Groff) Fruit rot Adikaram et al. (1989) 86. Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.). Anthracnose Wanasinghe and Damunupola (2019) Adikaram (1986/87) 87. Colletotrichum endophytica Manamgoda, Udayanga, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum endophytica Manamgoda, Udayanga, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) Anthracnose Dissanayaake et al. (2016) 88. Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Andre) Anthracnose & black nose S. Komala Vithanage, D.M.D. Yakandawala, L.N. Manawadu and N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 89. Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Anthracnose Vithanage et al. (2014). 90. Colletotrichum gigasporum Rakotonir. & Munaut Colletotrichum gigasporum Rakotonir. & Munaut Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Anthracnose Hunupolagama et al. (2015) 91. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Anthracnose Karunanayake et al. (2014) 92. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Anthracnose Sivanathan and Adikaram (1989) 93. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Shallot onion ( Allium cepa var. aggregatum G.Don) Wijesinghe and Rajapakse (1997) 94. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Guava (Psidium guava Griseb.). Current name: Psidium guajava L.) Anthracnose Alahakoon et al. (2008) 95. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Antharacnose Adikaram (1986/87) 96. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Dioscorea alata L. Anthracnose Weeraratne et al. (2016) 97. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.). Anthracnose Weeraratne et al. (2016) 100 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 98. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Anthracnose Weeraratne et al. (2016) 99. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Dioscorea rotundata L. Anthracnose Weeraratne et al. (2016) 100. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. 101. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. 102. Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Cluster onion (Allium cepa L.). Anthracnose Araskesasry et al. (2016) 103. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Red onion (Allium cepa L.). Leaf Twister Disease Vengadaramana and Costa (2015) 104. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Colletotrichum leaf disease Thambugala and Deshappriya (2009) 105. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Anthracnose Adikaram (1986/87) 106. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Anthracnose Adikaram (1986/87) Adikaram (1986/87) `Kukulala’ (S), Asiatic yam. (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill). Anthracnose Uguressa (S) (Flacourtia ramontchi L’Hérit.).Current name. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Anthracnose Weeraratne et al. (2016) Jayasinghe and Fernando (2004) 107. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Grapefruit (Citrus grandis var. racemosa (M. Roem.) B.C. Stone) Current name: Citrus decumana var. racemosa M. Roem Anthracnose 108. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PENZ. Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Crown rot Indrakeerthi and Adikaram (2011) 109. Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc. Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc. Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) 110. Colletotrichum laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous Colletotrichum laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hunupolagama et al. (2017) Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara Bean pods & seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Anthracnose Adikaram (1986/87) Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx Banana (Musa acuminata) Crown rot Indrakeerthi and Adikaram (2011) 113. Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Anthracnose Wanigasekara et al. (2014) 114. Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hunupolagama et al. (2017) 115. Colletotrichum phomoides (Sacc.) Chester Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.). Anthracnose Abeygunawardhane (1969) 111. 112. 101 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 116. Colletotrichum piperis F. Stevens Colletotrichum piperis F. Stevens Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Leaf spot P. Sivanathan, Unpublshed work 117. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden) Spathe rot S.K. Vithanage, N.K.B. Adikaram, D.M.D. Yakandawala and L.N. Manawadu, Unpublished work 118. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Anthracnose Dissanayake et al. (2016) 119. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Begonia spp. foliage Anthracnose Wickramasinghe, Yakandawala and Adikaram (2019) 120. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Anthracnose N.K.B. Adikaram, D.M.D. Yakandawala and D.S. Madhupani, Unpublished work 121. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Anthracnose Vithanage et al. (2014). 122. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Anthracnose N.K.B. Adikaram, D.M.D. Yakandawala and D.S. Madhupani, Unpublished work 123. Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Colletotrichum siamense Prihast., L. Cai & K.D. Hyde Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Leaf disease Herath et al. (2019) 124. Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Begonia (Begonia sp.) Anthracnose Wicramasinghe, Yakandawala and Adikaram (2019) 125. Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Anthracnose N.K.B. Adikaram, D.M.D. Yakandawala and D.S. Madhupani, Unpublished work 126. Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore Termeric (Curcuma longa L.). Leaf blight Abeygunawardhane (1969) 127. Cordana musae Preuss ex. Sacc. Neocordana musae (Zimm.) Hern.-Restr. & Crous Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Cordana leaf spot Perera et al. (2013) 128. Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Broome Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Calophyllum walkeri Wight Pink disease Adikaram et al. (2007) 129. Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Broome Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore Pink disease Adikaram et al. (2007) 130. Corticium salmonicolor Berk & Broome Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Symplocos elegans Thwaites Pink disease Adikaram et al. (2007) 131. Corticium salmonicolor Berk & Broome Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Symplocos obtusa Wall. ex G.Don Pink disease Adikaram et al. (2007) 132. Corticium salmonicolor Berk & Broome Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Pink disease P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl. Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Pink disease Rajapakse and Wasantha Kumara, (2007) 133. Corticium salmonicolor Berk & Broome 102 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 134. Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Black scurf disease Gunawardana and Bandara (1993) 135. Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Adikaram (1986/87) 136. Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Jayasuriya and Thennakoon (2009) 137. Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei 138. Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curtis) Wei Croton (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss.). Leaf disease Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Corynespora leaf spot Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Target spot 139. Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain discoloration Nasla et al. (2019) 140. Curvularia pallescens Boedijn Curvularia pallescens Boedijn Neeramulliya (S) (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.) Fernando and Abeywickrama (1996) 141. Curvularia pallescence Boedijn Curvularia pallescens Boedijn Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain discoloration Nasla et al. (2019) 142. Curvularia senegalensis (Speg.) Subram. Curvularia senegalensis (Speg.) Subram. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Leaf disease Herath et al. (2019) 143. Curvularia tuberculata B.L. Jain Curvularia tuberculata B.L. Jain Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.) Leaf spot Hettiarachchi et al. (1983) 144. Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma Calonectria quinqueseptata Figueiredo & Namek Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) (Syn. Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.). Leaf spot Jayasinghe and Wijesundera (1995) 145. Cylindrocladium uinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma Calonectria quinqueseptata Figueiredo & Namek Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Leaf spot Jayasinghe et al. (2009) 146. Denticulria mangiferae Denticulria mangiferae Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Mango scab N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 147. Diplocarpon rosea Wolf. Diplocarpon rosea Wolf. Rose (Rosa indica L.) Black spot disease. P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work. 148. Dreshlera graminea S. Ito & Kurib. Pyrenophora graminea S. Ito & Kurib. Raddish (Ruphanus sativa L.) Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995a) 149. Drechslera rostrata (Drechsler) M.J. Richardson & E.M. Fraser Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) K.J. Leonard & Suggs Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart. Leaf spot Hewage et al. (2007) 150. Erysiphe sp. Erysiphe sp. Momordica charantia L. Powdery mildew Ratnayake et al. (2016b) 151. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.). Powdery Mildew Samarajeewa and Rathnayake (2004) 152. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) Powdery mildew Adikaram, unpublished work Liyanage et al. (1986) Adikaram (1986/87) Weeraratne et al. (2019) 103 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 153. Erysiphe polygoni DC. Erysiphe polygoni DC Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Powdery mildew Abeygunawardhane (1969) 154. Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam & U. Braun Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun Atteria (S), Jasmine orange (E), (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack). Powdery mildew N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala, Unpublished work 155. Exobasidium vexans Massee Exobasidium vexans Massee Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Blister blight Loos (1949) 156. Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Gillet Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Balasuriya (2008) 157. Fomes lignosus (Klotzsch) Bres. Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). White root disease Peries et al. (1959) 158. Fomes lucidus (Curtis) Cooke Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Balasuriya (2008) 159. Fomes noxius Corner Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai Cinnomon (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) White root disease Jayasimghe et al. (2017) 160. Fomes noxius Corner Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai Coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Brown root disease P. Sivanathan, Unpublished worfk 161. Fusarium acuminatum Wollenw. Fusarium acuminatum Wollenw. Gokatu (Tribulus terrestris L.) Abeywickrama et al. (1992) 162. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) de Silva et al. (2005) 163. Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. Gokatu (Tribulus terrestris L.) Abeywickrama et al. (1992) 164. Fusarium decemcellulare Brick Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Pod rot Adikaram (1986/87) 165. Fusarium epithele McAlpine Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. Albonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels Fusarium epithele McAlpine Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Adikaram (1986/87) 166. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe Fusarium graminearum Schwabe Gokatu (Tribulus terrestris L.) Abeywickrama et al. (1992) 167. Fusarium mangiferae Britz, M.J. Wingf. & Marasas Fusarium mangiferae Britz, M.J. Wingf. & Marasas Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Floral malformation Sinniah et al. (2013) 168. Fusarium mangiferae Britz, M.J. Wingf. & Marasas Fusarium mangiferae Britz, M.J. Wingf. & Marasas Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Stem-end browning D.M.S. Dissanayake, N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D.Yakandawala, Unpublished work 169. Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg Dracena godseffiana Leaf spot Jeyanandarajah and Wijesooriya (1997) 170. Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg Maize (Zea mays L.) Red ear rot disease Priyantha et al. (2015) 171. Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Fusarium rot Bogamuwa and Karunaratne (1985) 172. Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. Jack tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Root rot Kuruppu et al. (2019) 104 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 173. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepae W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepae W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Shallot onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum G.Don) Wijesinghe and Rajapakse (1997) 174. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubenase (Foc.) Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Fusarium wilt Rajapakse et al. (2005) Ferdinandez et al. (2019) 175. Fusarium oxysporum pv. dianthi Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Vascular wilt de Silva et al. (2005) 176. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Nicotianae (Johnson) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae (Johnson) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Damping-off Sumith and Bandara (2002). 177. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Niveum (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Water melon (Citrullus lanatus). Vascular wilt Sapumohotti (1995) 178. Fusarium oxysporium Schltdl Fusarium oxysporium Schltdl Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Soft rot Senanayake et al. (2015) 179. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 1 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 1 Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Vascular wilt Weeraratne and de Costa (2018) 180. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Vascular wilt Weeraratne and de Costa (2018) 181. Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) sacc. Fusarium incarnatum (Roberge) Sacc. Polyscias balfouriana (André) L.H.Bailey, P. filicifolia (C.Moore ex E.Fourn.) L.H.Bailey Stem rot, Root rot Hewage et al. (2007) 182. Fusarium pallidoroseum (Matsush.) Nirenberg Fusarium incarnatum (Roberge) Sacc. Dracaena godseffiana Sander ex Mast. Leaf spot Jeyanandarajah and Wijesooriya (1997) 183. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Fruit rot Anthony et al. (2004). 184. Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Ravenel Fusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc. Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Crown rot Indrakeerthi and Adikaram (2011) 185. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb rot Anparasy (1994) 186. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Jack tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Collar rot Kuruppu et al. (2019) 187. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Fusarium wilt Liyanage and Dantanarayana (1983) 188. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Fruit rot Rajapakse and Fonseka (2005) 189. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Wilt disease Rabeendran and Raveendranath (1990) 190. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Pepper (Piper nigrum) Slow decline Gunawardena et al. (2019) 105 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 191. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Dry rot Rajapakse et al. (2006) 192. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Fruit rot Adikaram (1986/87) 193. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw Neocosmospora solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Soft rot Senanayake et al. (2015) 194. Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernal infection Senevirathna and Takayuki (2009) 195. Ganoderma boninense Pat. Ganoderma orbiforme (Fr.) Ryvarden Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Basal stem rot Peries (1974) 196. Ganoderma boninense Pat. Ganoderma orbiforme (Fr.) Ryvarden Wijesekera et al. (1996) 197. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst 198. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Coconut (C. nucifera L.). Coconut root and bole rot Cassia nodosa Roxb. Current name: Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa (Roxb.) K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen Ganoderma root and butt rot Cassia fistula L. Ganoderma root and butt rot 199. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Ganoderma root and butt rot Fernando (2008) 200. Geotrichum candidum Link. Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Sour Rot Adikaram and Theivendirarajah (1981) 201. Geotrichum candidum Link. Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Rubbery rot Rajapakse et al. (2006) 202. Gliocladium roseum Bainier Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Adikaram and Theivendirarajah (1981) 203. Gerlachia oryzae Hashioka & Yokoqi) W. Gams Microdochium albescens (Thüm.) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, in HernándezRestrepo, Groenewald & Crous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Leaf scald Seneviratne and Jeyanandarajah (2004) 204. Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Bakanae disease Seneviratne and Jeyanandarajah (2004) 205. Gloeosporium mangiferae Henn. Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Anthracnose Kanakaratne and Adikaram (1985) 206. Gliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum J.A. Mey, B.J. Willey & F.G. Simmons Gliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum (J.A. Mey.) B.J. Wiley & E.G. Simmons Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Brown spot Sivakumar et al. (1997) 207. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André). Anthracnose Abeygunawardhane (1969) 208. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Ficus religiosa L. Leaf spot Mahaarachchikumbura and Adikaram (2009) Fernando (2008) Fernando (2008) 106 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 209. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Mangifera indica L. Anthracnose N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 210. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Anthracnose N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 211. Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Dioscorea alata L. Rust disease Weeraratne et al. (2016) 212. Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.). Rust disease Weeraratne et al. (2016) 213. Goplana dioscoreae Cummins Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Rust disease Weeraratne et al. (2016) 214. Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Dioscorea rotundata L. Rust disease Weeraratne et al. (2016) 215. Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Goplana dioscoreae (Berk. & Broome) Cummins Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Rust disease Weeraratne et al. (2016) 216. Guignardia heveae Syd. & P. Syd. Guignardia heveae Syd. & P. Syd. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Leaf disease IMI 345803 217. Guignardia musae Racib. Guignardia musae Racib. Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Freckle disease Abayasekara et al. (2013) 218. Helminthosporium incurvatum C. Bernard, Bull Bipolaris incurvata (C. Bernard) Alcorn Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). Brown spot Mahindapala (1978) 219. Helminthosporium sacchari E.J. Butler Bipolaris sacchari (E.J. Butler) Shoemaker Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) L. Eye spot disease Comstock (2000) 220. Helminthosporium solani McAlpine Helminthosporium solani McAlpine Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Silver scurf disease Gunawardana. and Bandara (1993) 221. Hemiliea vastatrix Berk. & Broome Hemiliea vastatrix Berk. & Broome Coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Coffee rust Kularatne (1997) 222. Heterosporium tropaeoli T.E.T. Bond Acroconidiella tropaeoli (T.E.T. Bond) J.C. Lindq. & Alippi Tropaeolum majus L. Leaf spot Bond (1947) 223. Irpex destruens Petch Irpex destruens Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Norris (1930) 224. Irpex subvinosus (Berk. & Broome) Stapers. Radulodon subvinosus (Berk. & Broome) Stalpers Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Gadd (1936) 225. Isariopsis griseola Sacc. Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Angular leaf spot Jayasekara et al. (2016) 226. Laetisaria fuciformis (Berk.) Burds. Laetisaria fuciformis (Berk.) Burds. Grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.).Red thread disease Adikaram et al. (2001) 227. Laetisaria fuciformis (Berk.) Burds. Laetisaria fuciformis (Berk.) Burds. Grass (Pennisetum glabrum Steud.). Current name: Pennisetum thunbergii Kunth. Red thread disease Adikaram et al. (2001) 107 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 228. Lasiodiplodia crassispora T.I. Burgess & P.A. Barber Lasiodiplodia crassispora T.I. Burgess & P.A. Barber Cinnamon (Cinnamomum varum Presl.) Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume)Rough bark disease Tharangani et al. (2019) 229. Lasiodiplodia crassispora T.I. Burgess & P.A. Barber Lasiodiplodia crassispora T.I. Burgess & P.A. Barber Dry zone forest trees Die-back Bandara and Attanayake (2016) 230. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Dry zone forest trees Die-back Bandara and Attanayake (2016) 231. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Jak (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Lasidiplodia rot N.K.B. Adikaram, unpublished work 232. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Dry zone forest trees Bandara and Attanayake (2016) 233. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) Stem-end rot Sivakumar et al. (1997) 234. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Finger rot Adikaram et al. (2019) 235. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Stem-end rot Karunanayake et al. (2015) 236. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit Stem-end rot Abeywickrama et al. (2012) 237. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Stem-end rot Madhupani and Adikaram (2017) 238. Macrophoma musae (Sacc.) Berl. & Voglino Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) Aa Banana (Musa sapientum L.) Freckle disease Adikaram (1986/87) 239. Macrophoma theicola Petch Macrophoma theicola Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Stem and branch canker. Sabanayagam et al. (1974) 240. Macrophoma theicola Petch Macrophoma theicola Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Ring barking Arulphragasm (1984) 241. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Charcoal rot Sivanathan and Adikaram (1985) 242. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 243. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Charcoal rot Kariyawasam (1996) 244. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 245. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 246. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Rice (Oryzae sativum L.) Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 108 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 247. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Soy bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 248. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina subsp. anguina} Seed infection Jeyanandarajah (1990) 249. Macrosporium carotae (Ellis. & Langl.) J.A. Stev. & Wellman Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Leaf blight Bond (1947) 250. Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr Pyricularia grisea Cooke ex Sacc. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Blast disease Jayawardana et al. (2015) 251. Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch. Pyricularia oryzae Cavara Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rice blast disease Seneviratne and Jeyanandarajah (2004); Mithrasena et al. (2012b) 252. Magnaporthe salvinii (Catt.) R.A. Krause & R.K. Webster Nakataea oryzae (Catt.) J. Luo & N. Zhang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stem rot Seneviratne and Jeyanandarajah (2004) 253. Marasmius equicrinis Muell. Ex Berk Marasmius crinis-equi F. Muell. ex Kalchbr. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Horse hair blight Arulpragasam (1989) 254. Marasmius crinis-equi F. Muell. ex Kalchbr. Marasmius crinis-equi F. Muell. ex Kalchbr. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Horse hair blight Arulpragasam (1989) 255. Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Pod rot. Adikaram (1986/87) 256. Monilochaetes infuscans Halst. ex Harter Monilochaetes infuscans Harter Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Scurf disease Jeyanandarajah and Liyanage (1995b) 257. Monochaetia kansensis (Ellis & Barthol.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. Monochaetia kansensis (Ellis & Barthol.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Rough bark disease Tharangani et al. (2019) 258. Mycosphaerella eumusae Crous & Mour. Mycosphaerella eumusae Carlier, M.-F. Zapater, Lapeyre, D.R. Jones & Mour. Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Septoria leaf spot Udugama (2002) 259. Mycosphaerella henningsii Sivan. Mycosphaerella henningsii Sivan. Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaf spot (Adikaram, Unpublished work) 260. Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelett Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Black sigotaka Udugama (2002) 261. Mycosphaerella musicola Leach Mycosphaerella musicola Leach Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Yellow Sigotaka Udugama (2002) 262. Myrothecium roridum Tode Paramyrothecium roridum (Tode) L. Lombard & Crous Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Adikaram (1986/87) 263. Myrothecium roridum Tode Paramyrothecium roridum (Tode) L. Lombard & Crous Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Adikaram (1986/87) 264. Myrothecium roridum Tode Paramyrothecium roridum (Tode) L. Lombard & Crous Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.). Leaf spot Hettiarachchi et al. (1983) 265. Nattrassia mangiferae (Syd. & P. Syd.) B. Sutton & Dyko Neofusicoccum mangiferae (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Foot canker and sudden wilt Jayasinghe and Silva (1994) 109 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 266. Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) Gray Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) Gray Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Hypoxylon wood rot Balasuriya and Adikaram (2009; 2002) 267. Neocosmospora vasinfecta E.F. Smith Fusarium neocosmosporiellum O’Donnell & Geiser Aswenna (S) (Alysicarpus vaginalis (L). DC.) Fernando and Abeywickrama (1996) 268. Neofusicoccum brasiliense M.W. Marques, A.J.L. Phillips & Camara Neofusicoccum brasiliense M.W. Marques, A.J.L. Phillips & Camara Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Stem-end browning Dissanayake, Yakanda -wala & Adikaram (Unpublished work) 269. Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips) Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips) Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Rough bark disease Tharangani et al. (2019) 270. Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips) Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips) Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl. Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Rough bark disease Tharangani et al. (2019) 271. Nigrospora Zimm. Nigrospora Zimm. Kurakkan (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Panicle browning Rajapakse et al. (2003) 272. Oidiopsis taurica Lév. E.S. Salmon Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Powdery mildew Abeygunawardhane (1969) 273. Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Powdery Mildew Jayasinghe (1999a,b) 274. Oidium mangiferae Berthet Bolm. Oidium mangiferae Berthet Bolm Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Mildew disease Sinniah (2010) 275. Oidium mangiferae Berthet Bolm. Oidium mangiferae Berthet Bolm Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Current name: Euphorbia tithymaloides L. Powdery mildew Adikaram et al. (2002) 276. Oidium nephelii Hadiw. Pseudoidium nephelii (Hadiw. ex U. Braun) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Powdery mildew Alahakoon et al. (2010) 277. Ophiobolus oryzinus Sacc. Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crown sheath rot. Walker (1972) 278. Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Green mould Adikaram (Unpublished work) Adikaram (Unpublished work) 279. Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. Grape fruit (Citrus grandis var. racemosa (M. Roem.) B.C. Stone). Current name: Citrus decumana var. racemosa M. Roem. Green mould 280. Penicillium funiculosum Thom. Talaromyces funiculosus (Thom) Samson, N. Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) Fruitlet core rot Adikaram et al. (2019) 281. Penicillium italicum Wehmer. Penicillium italicum Wehmer Grapefruit (Citrus grandis var. racemosa (M. Roem.) B.C. Stone). Blue mould Adikaram, Unpublished work 282. Penicillium purpurogenum Stoll Penicillium purpureogenum Stoll Averrhoa bilimbi Red spot Dahanayake and Wijesundera (1994) 110 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 283. Pestalotia theae Sawada Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Die-back Arulpragasam (1990) 284. Pestalotia parmarum (Cooke) Steyaert Pestalotiopsis palmarum (Cooke) Steyaert Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). Grey blight Mahindpala (1978) Rajapakse and Wasantha Kumara (2007) 285. Pestalotia sp. Pestalotiopsis sp. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl. Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Grey blight 286. Pestalotiopsis longiseta (Speg.) K. Dai & Ts. Kobay. Pestalotiopsis longiseta (Speg.) K. Dai & Tak. Kobay. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Grey blight Maharachchikumbura et al. (2013) 287. Pestalotiopsis psidii (Pat.) Mordue Pestalotiopsis psidii (Pat.) Mordue Guava (Psidium guava Griseb. Current name: Psidium guajava L.) Canker Alahakoon et al. (2008) 288. Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Adikaram and Karunaratne (1998) 289. Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae M.A.Salam & P.N. Rao Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae (M.A. Salam & P.N. Rao) Subram Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.) Leaf spot Hettiarachchi et al. (1983) 290. Phaeophleospora elaeocarpi sp.nov. Rangel Phaeophleospora elaeocarpi T.E.T. Bond Elaeocarpus amoenus Thwaites Thw. Bird’s eye spot Bond (1947) 291. Phellinus lamaensis (Murrill) Pat. Phellinus lamaensis (Murrill) Pat. Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl. Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Brown root rot Rajapakse and Wasantha Kumara (2007) 292. Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H. Cunn. Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Brown root rot Arulpragasam (1989) 293. Phoma macdonaldii Boerema Plenodomus lindquistii (Frezzi) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Phoma black stem Weeraratne and Priyantha (2003) 294. Phomopsis caricae papayae Petr. & Cif. Diaporthe caricaepapayae (Petr. & Cif.) Rossman & Udayanga Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit. Phomopsis rot Abeywickrema et al. (2012) Jayasinghe et al. (2017) 295. Phomopsis sp. Phomopsis sp. Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl. Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Rough bark disease 296. Phomopsis sp Phomopsis sp. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Adikaram (1986/87) 297. Phomopsis psidii Nag Raj & Ponnappa Phomopsis psidii Nag Raj & Ponnappa Guava (Psidium guava Griseb.. Current name: Psidium guajava L.) Styler-end rot Alahakoon et al. (2008) 298. Phomopsis theae Petch. T. Diaporthe theae (Petch) Rossman & Udayanga Cinchona (Cinchona officinalis) Lethal stem canker Arulpragasm (1980) 299. Phomopsis theae Petch. T. Diaporthe theae (Petch) Rossman & Udayanga Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Collar and branch canker Shanmuganathan (1965); Shanmuganathan and Rodrigo (1966) 300. Phomopsis theae Petch. T. Diaporthe theae (Petch) Rossman & Udayanga Tea (Camellia sinensis (.) Kuntze). Ring barking Arulpragasm (1984) 111 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala 301. Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Harter Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Harter Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Phomopsis blight Mahendranathan et al. (2010) 302. Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. Diaporthe neoviticola Udayanga, Crous & K.D. Hyde Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cane and leaf spot Priyantha et al. (2009) 303. Phyllosticta antirrhini P. Syd. Heterophoma poolensis (Taubenh.) Qian Chen & L. Cai Antirrhinum majus L. Leaf spot Bond (1947) 304. Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) Vander Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) Aa Banana (Musa acuminata Colla.) Freckle disease Abayasekara et al. (2013) 305. Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Leaf disease Herath et al. (2019) 306. Phyllosticta grevilleae Gadd Phyllosticta grevilleae Gadd Grevelleas (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. A. Cunn.). Leaf fall disease Herbarium IMI 674 307. Physoderma maydis (Miyabe) Miyabe Physoderma maydis (Miyabe) Miyabe Corn (Zea mays L.) Brown spot Weeraratne and Jayasinghe (2006). 308. Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L. Pleurostoma richardsiae (Nannf.) Réblová & Jaklitsch Weera (S) (Drypetes sapierea (Wight & Arn.) Pax & K.Hoffm.) Wood decay Bandara et al. (2016) 309. Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L. Pleurostoma richardsiae (Nannf.) Réblová & Jaklitsch Kaluwara (S) Ebony (Diospyros ebenu J.Koenig ex Retz. Wood decay Bandara et al. (2016) 310. Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L. Pleurostoma richardsiae (Nannf.) Réblová & Jaklitsch Palu (S) (Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard) Wood decay Bandara et al. (2016) 311. Poria hypolateritia Berk. ex Cooke. Syn. Ceriporiopsis hypolateritius (Berk. ex Cooke) Ceriporiopsis hypolateritia (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Poria root disease Wijesundera and Kulatunga (1993) 312. Poria hypolateritia Berk. ex Cooke. Syn. Ceriporiopsis hypolateritius (Berk. ex Cooke) Ceriporiopsis hypolateritia (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) General wood rot Mulder and Redlich (1962) 313. Poria hypolateritia Berk. ex Cooke Ceriporiopsis hypolateritia (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Red root rot Mulder and Redlich (1962) 314. Puccinia droogensis Butler Puccinia droogensis E.J. Butler Berberis sp. Rust disease N.K.B. Adikaram, unpublished work CMI H1319/82/YS18 315. Puccinia pelargoniizonalis Doidge Puccinia pelargoniizonalis Doidge Geranium nepalense Sweet Leaf rust Adikaram et al. (2013) 316. Pyricularia sp. Pyricularia sp. Kurakkan (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Leaf blast Rajapakse et al. (2003) 317. Rhizoctonia bataticola Taubenh Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Norris (1930) 318. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Beet (Beta vulgaris) Black rot/Damping off Abeygunawardhane (1969) 319. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Kelaniyangoda et al. (2002) 112 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 320. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Kiriala (S) (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L) schott) Corm rot Rajapakse et al. (2006) 321. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Turfgrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.)Brown patch disease Adikaram and Yakandawala (2017) 322. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Sheath blight Kekulandara et al. (2016) 323. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Rhizoctonia leaf disease Gadd (1929) 324. Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit Rhizopus rot Adikaram and Theivendirarajah (1981) 325. Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrheb.) Vuill. Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch Adikaram and Theivendirarajah (1981) Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill. 327. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrheb.) Vuill. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Fruit rot Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit Rhizopus rot Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit. Rhizopus rot 328. Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). White root rot Liyanage and Peries (1983) 329. Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Bedi-del (S) Artocarpus nobilis Thw.) White root disease Madushani et al. (2014) Kuruppu et al. (2019) 330. Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.). White root disease Jayasuriya and Thennakoon (2007) 331. Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.) White root disease Fernando et al. (2016) 332. Rosellinia arcuata Petch Rosellinia arcuata Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Ring barking Arulpragasm (1984) 333. Rosellinia arcuata Petch Rosellinia arcuata Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Black root rot Gadd (1929) 334. Rosellinia arcuata Petch Rosellinia arcuata Petch Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). General wood rot Gadd (1929) 335. Rosellinia bunodes (B and Br.) Sacc. Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Black root rot Shunmuganathan and Fernando (1967) 336. Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Sheath rot MIthrasena and Wijesundera (1989) 337. Sclerorium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. Chlorophytum comosum (C.P. Thunberg) H.A. Jacques Kelaniyangoda et al. (2002) 338. Sclerorium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Collar rot Wijethilke (2003) 339. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). White mould disease Kularathna et al. (2018) 340. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Collar rot Sivasubramaniam and Eriyagama (1998) 326. Adikaram and Theivendirarajah (1981) Abeywickrema et al. (2012) 113 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Southern blight or Collar rot Onion (Allium cepa L. variety Poona red). Bulb rot Abeygunawardhane (1969) 341. Sclerotium rolfosii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. 342. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. 343. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. 344. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Collar rot Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.)) Collar rot 345. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). White mould Mahalingam et al. (2018) 346. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Head rot Guruge et al. (2015) 347. Septofusidium elegantulum (Pidopl.) W. Gams Septofusidium elegantulum (Pidopl.) W. Gams Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.) Leaf spot Hettiarachchi et al. (1983) 348. Septoria drummondii Ellis & Everh. Septoria drummondii Ellis & Everh. Phlox drummondii Hook. Bond (1947) 349. Septoria lactucae Pass. Septoria lactucae Pass. Lactuca sativa L. Leaf spot disease. P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work 350. Septoria lycopersici Speg. Septoria lycopersici Speg. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.). Leaf spot Abeygunawardhane (1969) 351. Septoria violae Westd. Septoria violae-palustris Died Viola betonicifolia Sm. Septoria leaf spot Bond (1947) 352. Sphaceloma fawcetti var. scabiosa McAlpine & Tryon) Jenkins Sphaceloma fawcettii var. scabiosae (McAlpine & Tyron) Jenkins Orange (Citrus sp.) Citrus scab N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 353. Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lév. Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary Rose (Rosa chinensis var. Ramblers). Powdery mildew Herath, H.M.G.D. and N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 354. Tunstallia acueata (Petch) Agni. Rossmania aculeata (Petch) Lar.N. Vassiljeva Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Thorny Stem Blight Agnihothrudu (1961) 355. Taphrina maculans E.J. Butler Taphrina maculans E.J. Butler Termeric (Curcuma longa L.). Leaf spot Abeygunawardhane (1969) 356. Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.).Target leaf spot Jayasinghe (1993) 357. Tilletia ayresii Berk. Conidiosporomyces ayresii (Berk.) Vánky & R. Bauer Panicum maximum Jacq. Smut disease BPI 193202, BPI 841322, BPI 870571 Collector Fagerlind F. 358. Thielaviopsis paradoxa De Seynes) Höhn.) Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) Black rot Wijesinghe et al. (2010) 359. Trametes corrugate (Pers.) Bres. Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Soft rot Senanayake et al. (2015) 360. Uredo pseudocannae Cummins Uredo pseudocannae Cummins Canna (Canna indica L.) Leaf rust disease Adikaram et al. (2013) Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link Cowpea (Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hausskn. Current name: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Rust disease Abeygunawardhane (1969) 361. Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Ramanathan (1988) Jayasinghe et al. (1988) Bopitiya et al. (2019) 114 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 362. Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link 363. Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link 364. Uromyces dianthi (Pers.) Niessl Uromyces dianthi (Pers.) Niessl 365. Uromyces hobsoni Vize Uromyces hobsonii Vize 366. Ustilago scitaminea Sydow. 367. French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Rust disease Jayasekara et al (2016) Dambala (S) Four-winged bean, (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Rust disease Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Rust disease Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews Viz Leaf rust de Silva et al. (2005) Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Smut disease Leelananda et al. (2000) Ustulina zonata (Lév.) Sacc. Kretzschmaria zonata (Lév.) P.M.D. Martin Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Charcoal root rot Webster (1952) 368. Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. Rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.). False smut N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 369. Verticillium theobromae (Turc.) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & W. Gams Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Crown rot Indrakeerthi and Adikaram (2011) 370. Verticillium theobromae (Turc.) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & W. Gams Banana (Musa acuminata Colla). Cigar-end rot Adikaram et al. (2019) 371. Verticillium sp. Nees Verticillium Nees 372. Xylaria thwaitesii Berk. & Cooke Xylaria thwaitesii Berk. & Cooke Hyperparasite of Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. Temple tree (Plumeria sp.) Leaf rust Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Black root disease P. Sivanathan, Unpublished work Adikaram et al. (2013) Adikaram and Weeraratne (2006) Liyanage et al. (1977) Plant pathogenic Oomycota Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). White rust Mustard, Aba (S) (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). White rust disease Abeygunawardhane (1969) 373. Albugo candida (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze Albugo candida (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Roussel 374. Albugo candida (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze Albugo candida (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Roussel 375. Peranospora parasitica Chee Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) Fr. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Downy Mildew Abeygunawardhane (1969) 376. Phytophthora botryosa Chee Phytophthora botryose Chee Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Leaf fall and pod rot. Chee (1969) 377. Phytophthora botryosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovzev Phytophthora botryose Chee Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Pod rot of cocoa Chee and Wastie (1970) 378. Phytophthora capsici Leonian Phytophthora capsici Leonian Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Quick wilt Department of Export Agriculture, Sri Lanka 379. Phytopthora cinnamomi Rands Phytopthora cinnamomi Rands Cinnomum (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) Syn. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume.) Stripe canker Rajapakse and Wasantha Kumara (2007) N.K.B. Adikaram, Unpublished work 115 N.K.B. Adikaram and D.M.D. Yakandawala Phytophthora citricola Sawada Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Phytophthora leaf fall Liyanage (1989) 380. Phytophthora citricola Sawada 381. Phytophthora heveae A. W. Thomps. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Phytophthora leaf fall Black stripe Dantanarayana et al. (1984) 382. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Late blight Babu et al. (2005) 383. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) Late blight Rajapakse et al. (2007) 384. Phytophthora meadii McRae Phytophthora meadii McRae Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Black stripe Anon (1994) 385. Phytophthora meadii McRae Phytophthora meadii McRae Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Leaf fall Jayasuriya et al. (1999) Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Black stripe Dantanarayana et al. (1984) Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) Phytophthora fruit rot Atapattu et al. (2016) Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler 389. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler 390. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler 391. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Durian (Durio zibethinus L.). Phytophthora root and stem rot Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Black stripe or bark rot Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Canker Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). Phytophthora leaf fall and pod disease Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Fruit rot Adikaram et al. (1998) Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Stem rot Adikaram et al. (1998) 394. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). Bud rot, nut fall and leaf droop. Mahindapala (1978) 395. Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Black pod and canker Seneviratne et al. (1995 a & b) 396 Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora spp. Cluster onion (Allium cepa L.). Bulb rot Araskesasry et al. (2016) Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovzev Pythium echinocarpum S. Ito & Tokun. Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovzev Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Downy mildew Ramanathan and Sivapalan (1988). Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Downy mildew Ratnayake et al. (2016a) Pythium echinocarpum S. Ito & Tokun. Cucurbita moschata Fruit rot Kugathasan et al. (2019) 386. 387. 388. 392. 393. 397. 398. 399. Atapattu et al. (2016) Satchuthananthavale (1971) Seneviratne et al. (1995 a & b) Seneviratne et al. (1995 a & b) 116 Ceylon Journal of Science 49(1) 2020: 93-123 400. Pythium myriotylum de Bary. Pythium myriotylum Drechsler 401. Pythium myriotylum de Bary. Pythium myriotylum Drechsler `Kiriala’ (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) Corm rot Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Rhizome rot 402. Pythium ultimum Trow Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Damping-off Sumith and Bandara (2002). 403. Pythium vexans Dreschl. Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, A.M. Lodhi & Lévesque Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Rhizome rot P. Sivanathan Unpublished work 404. Sclerospora sp. Peronosclerospora sp. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) 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