Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservation
ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241
Page 1 of 8
Original Research
First supplement to the lichen checklist of South Africa
Authors:
Teuvo Ahti1
Helmut Mayrhofer2
Matthias Schultz3
Anders Tehler4
Alan M. Fryday5
Affiliations:
1
Botanical Museum, Finnish
Museum of Natural History,
University of Helsinki, Finland
Institute for Plant Sciences,
Karl-Franzens-University
Graz, Austria
2
3
Hamburg Herbarium
Biocentre Klein-Flottbek,
Hamburg University,
Germany
4
Swedish Museum of Natural
History, Sweden
5
Plant Biology Laboratories,
Michigan State University,
USA
Corresponding author:
Alan Fryday,
fryday@msu.edu
Dates:
Received: 25 Jan. 2016
Accepted: 10 May 2016
Published: 15 July 2016
How to cite this article:
Ahti, T., Mayrhofer, H.,
Schultz, M., Tehler, A. &
Fryday, A.M., 2016, ‘First
supplement to the lichen
checklist of South Africa,
Bothalia 46(1), a2065. http://
dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.
v46i1.2065
Copyright:
© 2016. The Authors.
Licensee: AOSIS. This work
is licensed under the
Creative Commons
Attribution License.
Details are given of errors and additions to the recently published checklist of lichens reported
from South Africa (Fryday 2015). The overall number of taxa reported from South Africa is
increased by 1, to 1751.
Introduction
The compilation of the recent South African lichen checklist (Fryday 2015) was always considered a
first step in producing an up-to-date, comprehensive checklist for the country. It was inevitable that
some records and other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes would be overlooked and, through
the Lichens-L listserve, lichenologists were encouraged to send any additions or corrections to the
author that would be published as a first supplement to the list. This paper is the result of those
contributions. These mostly refer to corrections to the text and nomenclatural updates but also
included the records from a publication on Usnea (Motyka 1961) that was overlooked in the
production of the original checklist, and the results of the revision in 2004 by the first author of a large
number of Cladoniaceae from the Bolus Herbarium (BOL) of which very little has been published.
Duplicates of many specimens were retained in the University of Helsinki Herbarium (H) whereas
much of the lichen collection of the Bolus Herbarium has been transferred to the herbarium of the
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Pretoria (PRE). Another major South African
Cladonia collection in Lund (LD) is still being studied by the first author in Helsinki.
In addition to the printed list (Fryday 2015), an online list, which will be regularly updated and
includes the changes proposed here, is also now available (Fryday 2016). Future hard copy
supplements will include only substantial changes (e.g. new addition to the lichen biota of South
Africa and other changes that require explanation), and other changes (corrections to author
citations, etc.) will be made to the online list only.
Corrections to the Checklist
General
Weber ex F. H. Wigg.: All author citations (in Cladonia, Collema and Usnea) should be corrected to
F. H. Wigg. For example: Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. should be Cladonia rangiferina
(L.) F.H. Wigg.
Additions (43)
Cetraria muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt: Reported by Kärnefelt (1986) as Coelocaulon muricatum (Ach.)
J. R. Laundon.
Cladonia borbonica Nyl.: Abbayes (1964) described C. poeciloclada from South Africa but, although
recognized by Swinscow & Krog (1988), this species was synonymized with C. borbonica by Ahti &
Aptroot (1992).
Cladonia conista (Nyl.) Robbins: A widespread segregate of C. humilis that was reported from
South Africa by Pino-Bodas et al. (2012). Representative specimen: Western Cape, Cape Peninsula,
S end of Constantiaberg, 1945, F. M. Leighton 855 p.p. (PRE, H).
Cladonia corniculata Ahti & Kashiw.: A widespread species in the Southern Hemisphere.
Representative specimen: KwaZulu-Natal, Bergville District, Drakenberg, Little Tugela Area, 5000
ft., 1943, E. Esterhuysen 8857 (PRE, H).
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Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot.: A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. Representative
specimen: KwaZulu-Natal, Bergville District, top of Mweni Pass, Drakensberg, 10 000 ft., 1958,
E. Esterhuysen 27847 (PRE, H). The material seen contains squamatic acid (TLC) and represents
var. crispata.
http://www.abcjournal.org
Open Access
Page 2 of 8
Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina: A widespread,
cosmopolitan segregate of C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.)
Spreng. Representative specimen: Western Cape, Uniondale
Division, Slypsteenberg, Uniondale Hot Springs 1941,
E. Esterhuysen 7129 (H, PRE); presence of cryptochlorophaeic
acid confirmed with TLC (with some uncertainty).
Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.: A widespread,
cosmopolitan segregate of C. chlorophaea. Representative
specimen: Western Cape, Cape Peninsula, S end of Noordhoek
Peak, 1900 ft., 1945, F. M. Leighton 927 (H, PRE). Presence of
grayanic acid confirmed with TLC.
Cladonia humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon: A widespread
species in temperate regions of the world that was reported
from South Africa by Pino-Bodas et al. (2012). Here treated in
the strict sense (i.e., excluding C. conista, which is cited
above). In South Africa, more common than C. conista.
Representative specimen: Western Cape, Stellenbosch Division,
Stellenbosch Flats, top of first river terrace, 1944, S. Garside
6106 (PRE, H). Presence of atranorin confirmed with TLC.
Original Research
Lepraria sipmaniana (Kümmerl. & Leuckert) Kukwa:
Overlooked by Fryday (2015). Described from KwaZuluNatal (Leuckert & Kümmerling 1991).
Rinodina atroalbida (Nyl.) C.W.Dodge: Described from
South Africa but the type could not be located (Mayrhofer
1984, Matzer & Mayrhofer 1996).
Rinodina australiensis Müll.Arg.: Reported by Mayrhofer
et al. (2014).
Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb.: Reported by Matzer &
Mayrhofer (1996).
Rinodina geesterani H. Mayrhofer: Reported by Matzer &
Mayrhofer (1996).
Rinodina oleae Bagl.: Reported by Matzer & Mayrhofer
(1996; as R. gennarii Bagl.).
Rinodina huillensis Vain.: Reported by Matzer & Mayrhofer
(1996).
Cladonia intermediella Vain.: Widespread in East Africa
(Swinscow & Krog 1988). Representative specimen: Western
Cape, Cape Peninsula, Table Mountain, summit, 1942,
S. Garside s. n. (PRE, H). The South African specimens are not
well-developed and therefore not fully certainly distinct
from C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. s. lat.
Rinodina longisperma Matzer & H. Mayrhofer: Reported by
Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996).
Cladonia merochlorophaea Asahina: A widespread,
cosmopolitan segregate of C. chlorophaea. Representative
specimen: Western Cape, Clanwilliam Division, Cederberg,
Kromme Rivier, 3500 ft., 1949, T. P. Stokoe 9444 (H, PRE).
Presence of merochlorophaeic acid confirmed with TLC.
Rinodina oxydata s. lat. (A. Massal.) A. Massal.: Reported by
Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996).
Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon: Representative
specimen: Western Cape, Cape Peninsula, Kirstenbosch, lower
slopes north of Window Gorge; shaded soil surface. Alt. 500 ft.,
1950 E. Esterhuysen 17333 (PRE, H).
Rinodina striatitunicata Matzer & H. Mayrhofer: Reported
by Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996).
Cladonia poeciloclada f. brachiata Abbayes: Cladonia
poeciloclada f. poeciloclada Abbayes was synonymized with
C. borbonica Nyl. (Ahti & Aptroot 1992), but the identity of the
f. brachiata, which was also described from South Africa, is
unresolved and so is included as a distinct taxon pending
further study.
Cladonia subpungens Abbayes: This species was described
from South Africa (Abbayes 1964; Ahti 1993).
Dimelaena tenuis (Müll. Arg.) H. Mayrhofer & Wippel:
Overlooked by Fryday (2015). One record from KwaZuluNatal (Mayrhofer et al. 1996).
Heppia guepinii var. nigrolimbata Nyl.: Of uncertain
application but probably distinct from H. guepinii (Delise) Nyl.
(= Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt; see below). It is provisionally
included as a distinct taxon pending further study.
http://www.abcjournal.org
Rinodina microphthalma A. Massal.: Confirmed for South
Africa by Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996) but excluded from
Rinodina.
Rinodina scabridula Matzer & H. Mayrhofer: Reported by
Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996).
Rinodina substellulata Müll. Arg.: Reported by Matzer &
Mayrhofer (1996).
Rinodina subtristis (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer: Reported by
Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996).
Siphula torulosa (Thunb. ex Ach.) Nyl.: Recognized as a
good species by Mathey (1971) and Kantvilas (2002), not a
synonym of S. decumbens Nyl. Stereocaulon pulvinatum Ach.
should be included as a synonym.
The following Usnea species were all reported by Motyka (1961)
from collections made by R. A. Mass Geesteranus in 1949 – a
publication that was overlooked in the production of the original
checklist (Fryday 2015). All collections are in the Nationaal
Herbarium Nederland, Leiden (L). Full collection details can be
found in Motyka (1961), which is available online.
Usnea chrysoleuca Motyka: Cited Specimen: Cape Province,
Franschhoekpas between Franschhoek and Villiersdorp,
Mass Geesteranus 6584, 11979.
Open Access
Page 3 of 8
Usnea dichroa var. spinulosa Motyka: Cited Specimen: Cape
Province, Knysna District, Ruigtevlei between George and
Knysna, Mass Geesteranus 12005.
Usnea eburnea Motyka: Cited Specimens: Cape Province,
Knysna, Garden of Eden, Mass Geesteranus 12027a; Tzitzkama
Mts., Plaat Forest near Storms River, Mass Geesteranus 12105.
Usnea implicita (Stirt.) Zahlbr.: Cited Specimen: Cape
Province, Knysna, Garden of Eden, Mass Geesteranus 12028.
Usnea indigena Motyka: Cited Specimens: Cape Province,
Knysna, Garden of Eden, Mass Geesteranus 12022, 12027b,
12026.
Usnea luteola Motyka: Cited Specimens: Cape Province,
Knysna District, Deepwalls Forest Reserve, north of Knysna,
Mass Geesteranus 694, 6696, 6697.
Usnea lyngei Motyka: Cited Specimen: Cape Province, Knysna
District, Ruigtevlei between George and Knysna, Mass
Geesteranus 12009.
Usnea myrioclada (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.: Cited Specimens: Cape
Province, Knysna District, Deepwalls Forest Reserve, north
of Knysna, Mass Geesteranus 6691, 6693.
Usnea os-elephantis Motyka var. os-elephantis: Cited
Specimen: Cape Province, Knysna, Garden of Eden, Mass
Geesteranus 12021.
Usnea pulvinata var. transvalensis (Vain.) Motyka: Reported
by Motyka (1961) as ‘transvaalensis’. Cited Specimen: Orange
Free State, 5 miles west of Laybrand, Mass Geesteranus 6526.
Usnea rubescens Stirt.: Cited Specimens: Cape Province,
Knysna District, Ruigtevlei between George and Knysna,
Mass Geesteranus 12004, 12006; Knysna, Garden of Eden, Mass
Geesteranus 12028; Knysna District, Deepwalls Forest Reserve,
north of Knysna, Mass Geesteranus 6688, 6695.
Usnea torquescens Stirt.: Cited Specimens: Transvaal, between
Sabie and Lijdenburg, Mt. Anderson, Mass Geesteranus 11939;
Cape Province, Knysna District, Deepwalls Forest Reserve,
north of Knysna, Mass Geesteranus 6695.
Xanthoparmelia mollis Hale: Inadvertently included with
the previous entry, X. minutella, by Fryday (2015).
Deletions (42)
Buellia subtristis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: = Rinodina subtristis (Nyl.)
H. Mayrhofer (Mayrhofer 1984, Matzer & Mayrhofer 1996).
Cladonia bacillaris (Ach.) Genth: Usually recognised as a
barbatic acid chemotype of C. macilenta Hoffm. The presence
of both thamnolic and barbatic acid chemotypes in South
Africa has been reported (Stenroos 1994).
http://www.abcjournal.org
Original Research
Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke: Not substantiated from
South Africa.
Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng.: All the Southern
Hemisphere records of this species appear to belong to the
closely related C. ochrochlora Flörke (cf. Ahti 2000), which
has been substantiated from South Africa. However, the
taxonomy of this complex is still incompletely understood.
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad.: Not substantiated for
South Africa. It is expected that the records are referable to
C. subpungens Abbayes.
Cladonia flabelliformis Vain.: nom. illeg. (not (Flörke) Vain.):
A recognised synonym of C. polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng., but
the name is misapplied and C. polydactyla does not occur in
South Africa.
Cladonia multiformis G. Merr.: A misapplied name. Cladonia
multiformis is known only from North America. Both African
and more recent Asian reports have been found to be incorrect.
Cladonia pertricosa Kremp.: South African records are
referable to C. subpungens. Cladonia pertricosa is an Australian
endemic.
Cladonia polia R. Sant.: A synonym of C. confusa R. Sant.
representing its usnic acid deficient strain (called Cladina confusa
f. bicolor (Müll. Arg.) Ahti in Ahti 2000). This strain exists in
South Africa, though it was not reported by Ahti (2000).
Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coëm.: First reported from
South Africa by Abbayes (1939), as C. impexa Harm. South
African records are referable to C. confusa.
Cladonia pycnoclada (Pers.) Nyl.: South African records are
referable to C. confusa. The given synonym f. exalbescens
Vain. is a synonym of C. confusa.
Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg. (NOT Weber ex F.H. Wigg.):
South African records are probably referable to C. confusa.
Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm.: South African records are
referable to C. subpungens.
Cladonia rei Schaer.: Inadvertently included with
C. rangiformis by Fryday (2015). Cladonia fimbriata var.
nemoxyna (Ach.) Coem. and C. fimbriata var. nemoxyna f. fibula
(Ach.) Vain. are synonyms of this species not C. rangiformis.
However, C. rei has not been substantiated for South Africa.
Cladonia subradiata (Vain.) Sandst.: Not substantiated from
South Africa. The given synonym C. fimbriata var. balfourii
(Cromb.) Vain. belongs to C. macilenta, but the name has been
used for C. subradiata in North America.
Cladonia subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.: Not substantiated for
South Africa. The records are probably referable to
C. corniculata Ahti & Kashiw.
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Heppia euploca Vain.: A synonym of Peltula euploca (Ach.)
Poelt. Vainio (1921) under a note on Lichen euplocus Ach.
gives a brief description comparing it to Heppia guepinii and
then writes ‘quae eam ob causam est Heppia euploca (Ach.)’
[which is why it is Heppia euploca (Ach.)] so, clearly, he was
making a new combination rather than describing a new
species.
Heppia guepinii (Delise) Nyl.: A synonym of Peltula euploca
(Ach.) Poelt.
Lithographa fumida Nyl.: Not validly published (nomen
nudum). Stizenberger (1891) says, ‘1211. L. fumida Nyl. in
Hb. Lojka — Saxicola socia Siphulae tabularis in Monte
Tabulari ad Promontorium Bonae Spei, McOwen. – Endem’.,
which does not constitute a valid description.
Pannaria capensis J. Steiner: This species, which was
described from South Africa, is a synonym of Pannaria lurida
(Mont.) Nyl. subsp. lurida (Jørgensen 2004)
Peccania arabica (Müll. Arg.) Henssen: The type collection is
a poor mixture of at least two cyanolichens and Müller
Argoviensis’ diagnosis combines features from both; the
small squamulose-lobate part is a Collema and the fertile,
minutely squamulose part is a Peccania. Unfortunately, the
Peccania is so meagre (there is only one small apothecia left)
that it is not possible to confidently determine its identity,
especially since there are several other small Peccania spp.
from Arabia and northern Africa (e.g., ‘Synalissa’ arabica,
Peccania sinaiensis, P. tiruncula).
Peltigera leptoderma Nyl.: Listed as a synonym of P. didactyla
(With.) J.R. Laundon but according to Vitikainen (1994) this is
a misapplication, although the exact taxonomic status of the
name is still uncertain.
Pyxine nubila Moberg: A synonym of Culbersonia nubila
(Moberg) Essl., which was already included in Fryday (2015).
Rinodina detecta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr.: A synonym of R. oxydata
(Matzer & Mayrhofer 1996).
Rinodina deminutula (Stizenb.) Zahlbr.: The scant type (from
Western Cape) is in poor condition and a treatment of this
species is not possible (Mayrhofer 1984).
Rinodina exigua (Ach.) S. F. Gray: The single South African
collection was referred to R. ficta by Mayrhofer et al. (2014).
Rinodina exiguella (Vain.) H. Magn.: Not treated by Matzer
& Mayrhofer (1996) or Mayrhofer et al. (2014). This species
was described from the Arctic and its presence in South
Africa is highly unlikely.
Rinodina huefferiana Müll. Arg.: The single South African
collection was referred to R. ficta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. by
Mayrhofer et al. (2014).
http://www.abcjournal.org
Original Research
Rinodina roboris Arnold: South African collections were
referred to R. australiensis by Mayrhofer et al. (2014).
Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal.: No South African
collections of this northern hemisphere species could be
traced by Mayrhofer et al. (2014) who rejected the species.
Rinodina sophodes var. atroalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: type cannot
be located (Mayrhofer 1984). Another South African collection
was referred to R. huillensis by Mayrhofer et al. (2014).
Roccella arnoldii Vain.: A synonym of Roccella tinctoria DC.
(Tehler et al. 2004), which does not occur in South Africa. All
specimens seen are referable to R. montagnei Bél. (cortex C+
red; soralia C–).
Roccella capensis Follm.: A synonym of Roccellina
hypomecha (Ach.) Bory (Tehler and Irestedt 2007).
Roccella fuciformis (L.) Lam. & DC.: Does not occur in South
Africa (Tehler et al. 2004).
Roccella phycopsis Ach.: does not occur in South Africa (Tehler
et al. 2004). All specimens seen are referable to R. montagnei
(cortex C+ red; soralia C–).
Roccella fucoides (Dicks.) Vain.: A synonym of Roccella
phycopsis Ach. (Tehler 2003), which does not occur in South
Africa (Tehler et al. 2004). All specimens seen are referable to
R. montagnei (cortex C+ red; soralia C–).
Roccella tinctoria DC.: Does not occur in South Africa (Tehler
et al. 2004; Tehler et al. 2010). All specimens seen are referable
to R. montagnei (cortex C+ red; soralia C–).
Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr.: Misidentifications (Mathey
1971, Kantvilas 2002).
Siphula dregei Laur. (nomen nudum): Included in the
synonymy of S. verrucigera by Mathey (1971) and Kantvilas
(2002).
Siphula incrustans Vain.: Included in the synonymy of
S. verrucigera by Kantvilas (2002).
Siphula minor Vain.: Included in the synonymy of
S. verrucigera by Mathey (1971) and Kantvilas (2002).
Thyrea otaviana Brusse: Included in the synonymy of
Digitothyrea rotundata (Büdel, Henssen & Wessels) P.P.
Moreno & Egea by Moreno & Egea (1992).
Errata
Arthothelium fusco-nigrum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: Should be
Arthothelium fusconigrum.
Bacidia luteola f. chlorotica Zahlbr.: A synonym of B. rubella
(Hoffm.) A. Massal. NOT Porina chlorotica (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
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Page 5 of 8
The basionym is Lecidea luteola var. chlorotica Ach. not
Verrucaria chlorotica Ach.
Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.: The
correct author citation is (Delise ex Duby) W.L. Culb. &
C.F. Culb, and that of the basionym is Parmelia cetrarioides
Delise ex Duby.
Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.: the correct
author citation for the synonym Parmelia olivaria is (Ach.) Hue.
Chiodecton natalense Nyl.: The correct spelling of the epithet
of the synonym is roseocinctum. Vainio (1890) spelled the name
‘roseo-cincta’ but this is an orthographic error to be corrected.
Cladonia fimbriata var. chlorophaeoides Vain. and var.
chondroidea Vain.: Listed as synonyms of C. fimbriata (L.) Fr.
but, although still not typified, they cannot belong to
C. fimbriata. They probably represent C. subsquamosa Kremp.
(Ahti 2000) but that species is not known from South Africa. It
is expected that the material belongs to C. chlorophaea (L.) Fr.
Original Research
Heterodermia leucomea (L.) Poelt: The correct spelling of
the epithets is leucomelos.The epithets leucomela and
leucomelaena are incorrect variants.
Lecanora atraeformis Vain.: Should be corrected to Lecanora
atriformis (ICN Rec. 60G).
Lecidea affine G. Merr.: Corrected spelling is Lecidea affinis,
which would be a later homonym of L. affinis Schaer. (1850),
if validated.
Lecidea fuscoatra Ach.: Correct spelling of the epithet of the
synonym is mosigii Zahlbr.
Lecanora caesiorubella Ach.: Incorrectly placed. It should be
before L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue.
Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman: Included twice
under Megalospora.
Melampylidium africana (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr.: Should be
M. africanum (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr.
Cladonia leptoclada Abbayes: Not included by Fryday (2015)
but the South African record reported by Ahti (1961) is
referable to C. confusa.
Pannaria globigera Hue: Should be P. globuligera Hue.
Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich.: The author citation
should be (Ach.) Grognot, NOT (Ach.) O.J. Rich.
Pannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) Nyl. var. isidiopsis Nyl.: This
taxon, which was described from South Africa, is a synonym
of P. globuligera Hue NOT Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.)
P.M. Jørg. (Jørgensen & Galloway 1992, Jørgensen 2004).
Cladonia rangiformis var. pungens (Ach.) Vain.: Listed as
a synonym of C. pertricosa. This taxon is a synonym of
C. rangiformis but the South African records probably do refer
to C. subpungens.
Cladonia subulata (L.) Weber ex F.H Wigg.: The author citation
should be (L.) F.H. Wigg. NOT (L.) Weber ex F.H Wigg.
Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman: Additional reference
Mayrhofer et al. 1996 who included several records from
South Africa, all referring to chemotype II.
Pannaria rubiginosa (Thunb. ex Ach.) Delise: The correct
author citation is Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory. Add
Jørgensen 2004 to references (type specimen from South
Africa cited).
Pannaria rubiginosa var. phloeodes (Stirt.) Stizenb.: This
taxon, which was described from South Africa, is a
synonym of Pannaria lurida (Mont.) Nyl. subsp. lurida
NOT P. rubiginosa (Thunb. ex Ach.) Delise (Jørgensen 2004).
Diploschistes diacapis (Ach.) Lumbsch: The correct spelling
of the epithet is diacapsis.
Pannaria pulvinula P.M. Jørg.: Add Jørgensen 2004 to
references (type specimen from South Africa (Prince Edward
Islands) cited).
Diploschistes muscorum subsp. bartletii Lumbsch: The
correct spelling of the subspecific epithet is bartlettii.
Parmeliella dactylifera P.M.Jørg.: Add Jørgensen 2004 to
references (type specimen from South Africa cited).
Fellhanera ubternella (Nyl.) Vězda: This should be F.
subternella (Nyl.) Vězda.
Parmotrema natalensis J. Steiner & Zahlbr.: The correct epithet
and author citation is natalense (J. Steiner & Zahlbr.) Hale.
Gonolecania umosonigricans (Müll. Arg.) Brusse: This should
be G. fumosonigricans (Müll. Arg.) Brusse.
Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pišút: Not Peltula euploca
(Ach.) Poelt ex Ozenda & Clauzade. The invalid combination
(no basionym) of Poelt (1963) was validated by Pišút (1967)
who reported the species from Bulgaria as Peltula euploca
(Ach.) Poelt, correctly cited the basionym, but did not
mention the location of Poelt’s invalid combination.
Granulopyrenis Aptroot: Incorrectly placed. It should be
before Graphina Müll. Arg.
Heterodermia hypoleuca (Yasuda) D.D. Awasthi: Correct
author citation of synonym is Anaptychia hypoleuca (Muhl.)
A. Massal.
http://www.abcjournal.org
Phaeophyscia adiostola (Essl.) Essl.: The correct spelling is
Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl.
Open Access
Page 6 of 8
Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier: The correct author
citation is H. Olivier because Fries’ name is illegitimate.
Original Research
Usnea subfloridana Stirt: Add period after author i.e., Stirt.
The correct author citation for the synonym Usnea comosa is
(Ach.) Vain.
Physma allicarpum Hue: This should be P. callicarpum Hue.
Pilophorus aciculare (Ach.) Th. Fr.: The correct spelling of the
epithet is acicularis. Pilophoron is an incorrect orthographic
variant with no taxonomic status.
Porina euryspermum Zahlbr: The correct spelling of the
epithet is euryspema and the author citation (Stizenb.)
Zahlbr.
Usnea trichodeoides Vain. ex Motyka: The correct author
citation is Vain. and that of the synonym, Dolichousnea
trichodeoides (Vain.) Articus.
The following Usnea species were all reported by Motyka
1961, and so this publication should be added to the references
for these species:
Usnea delicata Vain.: (localities cited).
Porina mitatrix Müll. Arg.: This should be P. imitatrix Müll.
Arg.
Psoroma asperellum Nyl.: Add Jørgensen 2004 to references
(type specimen from South Africa cited).
Ramalina complanata (Sw.) Ach.: Synonym should be R.
complanata var. paraguayensis (not v).
Ramalina gracilis (Pers.) Nyl.: Comment after synonym R.
exiguella Stirt. should read (Australian records)
Ramalina roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaer.) Nyl.: Correct author
citation is (Schaer.) Nyl.
Rinodina confragulosa Müll. Arg.: Should be R. confragosula
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
Rinodina microlepida Müll. Arg.: Should be R. microlepidea
Müll. Arg.
Solorina sorediifera Nyl.: This should be removed from
synonymy of Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon. It is
already included as P. sorediifera (Nyl.) Vitik.
Sticta hornemanni Fr.: The correct spelling of the epithet is
hornemannii.
Tapellaria epiphlla (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.: This should be T.
epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale: The correct
author citation is (Willd. ex Humb.) Hale. Also the synonym
should be Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd. ex Humb.) Poetsch.
Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg.: Usnea plicata F.H.Wigg., which
was included as a synonym of this species, has been typified
to U. ceratina Ach., but is nom. utique rej.
Usnea dasopoga (Ach.) Röhl.: the correct author citation for
this and the orthographic varient U. daypoga is (Ach.) Nyl.
Usnea florida (L.) F.H. Wigg.: the correct author citation for
U. florida var. scabrosa which was included as a synonym of
this species is (Ach.) Vain., but this is a nom. inval.
http://www.abcjournal.org
Usnea distensa Stirt.: (localities cited).
Usnea horridula (Müll. Arg.) Motyka: (localities cited).
Usnea maculata Stirt.: (localities cited).
Usnea molliuscula Stirt.: (localities cited).
Usnea moniliformis Motyka: (localities cited).
Usnea praelonga Stirt.: (localities cited).
Usnea promontorii Motyka: (localities cited).
Usnea rubicunda Stirt.: (localities for the synonym U. spilota
Stirt. cited).
Usnea strigosella J. Steiner: (localities cited).
Usnea subleprosa Motyka: (localities cited).
Usnea trichodeoides Vain.: (localities cited).
Usnea desaea Stirt.: (localities for the synonym U. undulata
Stirt. cited).
The second section of Motyka’s Usnea monograph was
published in two parts; the first in 1937 and the second in 1938.
Most of the South African species were included in the first
part and so all references to Motyka 1938 should be changed
to Motyka 1937 except for U. bornmuelleri, J. Steiner, U. cornea
Motyka, U. filamentosa Motyka, U. primitiva Motyka and
U. subleprosa Motyka, which were included in the second part.
Verrucaria compacta aggr. (A. Massal.) Jatta,: This should be
(A. Massal.) Jatta, aggr.
Verrucaria viridula Ach.: The author citation should be
(Schrad.) Ach.
Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale: All author citations with
’G. Amo, et al.’ should be corected to G. Amo et al. (no comma).
For example, X. adligans (Brusse) G. Amo et al. NOTE:
G. Amo is sometimes cited as Amo de Paz, but G. Amo is
used here throughout.
Open Access
Page 7 of 8
Xanthoparmelia cedri-montana Brusse: remove hyphen, X.
cedrimontana. This is a nomen novum for Parmelia
stenophyllo f. hypomelaena Vain. ex Lynge, which should be
added to the synonyms.
Xanthoparmelia ceresina (Lynge) Hale: The correct author
citation is (Vain. ex Lynge) Hale and that of Parmelia ceresina
Vain. ex Lynge.
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale: Correct author
citation for Parmelia conspersa is (Ach.) Ach.
Original Research
Lobaria scrobiculata (Scop.) P. Gaertn.: The current name is
Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl. (Moncada et al. 2013).
Lopezaria versicolor Kalb & Hafellner: The current name is
Megalaria versicolor (Flot.) Fryday & Lendemer (Fryday &
Lendemer 2010).
Melanelia panniformis (Nyl.) Essl.: The current name is
Montanelia panniformis (Nyl.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Wedin &
Essl. (Divakar et al. 2012).
Xanthoparmelia lichinoidea (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.: The correct
author citation is (Nyl. ex Cromb.) O. Blanco et al.
Parmeliella brisbanensis (C. Knight) P.M. Jørg. & D.J.
Galloway: The current name is Lepidocollema brisbanense
(C. Knight) P. M. Jørg. (Ekman et al. 2014).
Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyeln.) Hale: Delete Parmelia
subconspersa var. africana Gyeln. From the synonyms because
this is known only from Angola.
Parmeliella imbricatula (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg.: The current
name is Lepidocollema imbricatulum (Müll. Arg.) P. M.
Jørg. (Ekman et al. 2014).
Xanthoparmelia schenkiana (Müll. Arg.) Hale: The correct
spelling of the epithet is schenckiana.
Parmeliella lacerata P. M. Jørg.: The current name is
Austroparmeliella lacerata (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. (Ekman
et al. 2014).
Xanthoparmelia squamariata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.: The
correct author citation is (Nyl. ex Cromb.) O. Blanco et al.
Xanthoparmelia waboombergensis (Essl.) O. Blanco et al.: In
spite of the slight spelling difference, this is considered a later
homonym of X. waboomsbergensis Elix and so is illegitimate
and a new name is required for this taxon.
Parmeliella mariana (Fr.) P.M. Jørg. & D.J. Galloway: The
current name is Lepidocollema marianum (Fr.) P. M. Jørg.
(Ekman et al. 2014).
Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain.: The current name is
Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link (Moncada et al. 2013).
Xanthoria doidgea Eichenb., Aptroot & Honegger: Correct
spelling of the epithet of new name is doidgeae.
Other comments
Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.: The correct author citation
of Rusavskia elegans is (Link) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt.
Lichen monocarpus Ach. nom. utique rej.: This taxon was
described from South Africa and is an earlier name for
Cladonia didyma (Fée) Vain. (Stenroos 1994). A proposal by
Ahti & DePriest (2005) to reject the name has been accepted.
Crombie J.M.1877: This was actually published in 1876, so
should be Crombie J.M.1876b, with the previous reference
becoming Crombie 1876a. This means the following
references should also be changed: Xanthoparmelia
lichinoidea & X. squamariata Crombie 1876a; X. constrictans
Crombie 1876b.
Frey 1949: the correct title is ‘Neue Beiträge zu einer
Monographie des Genus Umbilicaria Hoffm., Nyl’.
Kondratyuk et al. 2008: the second Xanthodactylon should be
in italics.
Name changes
Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti: The
current name is Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer.
Degelia plumbea (Lightf.) P.M. Jørg. & P. James: The current
name is Pectenia plumbea (Lightf.) P. M. Jørg., L. Lindblom,
Wedin & S. Ekman (Ekman et al. 2014).
Lobaria quercizans Michx.: The current name is Ricasolia
quercizans (Michx.) Stizenb. (Moncada et al. 2013).
http://www.abcjournal.org
Results
The current paper includes 43 additions to and 42 deletions
from the published list (Fryday 2015), with the result that the
overall number of taxa reported from South Africa is
increased by 1, to 1751.
Conclusion
In spite of the corrections listed here, the main deficiency of
the list remains: because it was a literature-based compilation
of taxa reported from the country, and many records date
from the 19th (or even 18th) century, there is little doubt that
many of the species on the list do not occur in South Africa.
This is a problem that can only be addressed by a programme
of lichen research, both in the field and the laboratory. In
particular, the type of specimens of the numerous species
described from South African collections by Stizenberger,
Zahlbruckner and other workers, which are mostly in
European herbaria, should be examined and their identity
ascertained, along with a comprehensive programme of field
work that should focus on crustose groups because these are
by far the most under-collected and -recorded.
Open Access
Page 8 of 8
Original Research
Acknowledgements
Jørgensen, P.M., 2004, ‘Conspectus familiae Pannariaceae (Ascomycetes lichenosae)’,
Ilicifolia 4, 1–78 (revised version).
Thanks are due to John Sheard (SASK) for bringing to our
attention publications that had been overlooked during the
preparation of the original list.
Kantvilas, G., 2002, ‘Studies on the lichen genus Siphula Fr.’, Bibliotheca Lichenologica
82, 37–53.
Jørgensen, P.M. & Galloway, D.J., 1992, ‘Pannariaceae’, Flora of Australia 54, 246–293.
Kärnefelt, I., 1986, ‘The genera Bryocaulon, Coelocaulon and Cornicularia and
formerly associated taxa’, Opera Botanica 86, 1–90.
Leuckert, C. & Kümmerling, H., 1991, ‘Chemotaxonomische Studien in der Gattung
Leproloma Nyl. ex Crombie (Lichenes)’, Nova Hedwigia 52(1–2), 17–32.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal
relationships which may have inappropriately influenced
them in writing this article.
Mathey, A., 1971, ‘Contribution a l’etude du genre Siphula (lichens) en Afrique’, Nova
Hedwigia 22, 795–878.
Matzer, M. & Mayrhofer, H., 1996, ‘Saxicolous species of the genus Rinodina
(lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in southern Africa’, Bothalia 26, 11–30.
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Mayrhofer, H., 1984, ‘Die saxicolen Arten der Flechtengattungen Rinodina und
Rinodinella in der Alten Welt’, Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 55,
327–493.
Authors’ contributions
T.A. provided data on the genera Cladonia and Usnea and
made numerous other suggestions. H.M. provided data on
the genus Rinodina. M.S. provided data on the family
Lichinaceae. A.T. provided data on the family Roccellaceae.
A.M.F. identified many other errors or omissions, compiled
the data and was the project leader.
Mayrhofer, H., Matzer, M., Wippel, A. & Elix, J.A., 1996, ‘The genus Dimelaena
(lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in the southern hemisphere’, Mycotaxon
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Mayrhofer, H., Obermayer, W. & Wetschnig, W., 2014, ‘Corticolous species of the
genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in southern Africa’,
Herzogia 27(1), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13158/heia.27.1.2014.1
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Lobariella’,
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