ę ę Monographiae Botanicae 106 Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Monographiae Botanicae 106 Official publication of the Polish Botanical Society Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Wrocław 2016 Editor-in-Chief of the series Zygmunt Kącki, University of Wrocław, Poland Honorary Editor-in-Chief Krystyna Czyżewska, University of Łódź, Poland Chairman of the Editorial Council Jacek Herbich, University of Gdańsk, Poland Editorial Council Idoia Biurrun, University of the Basque Country, Spain Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo, University of Catania, Italy Jan Holeksa, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Czesław Hołdyński, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Bogdan Jackowiak, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Zbigniew Mirek, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Valentina Neshataeva, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation Marcin Nobis, Jagiellonian University, Poland Arkadiusz Nowak, University of Opole, Poland Vilém Pavlů, Crop Research Institute, Czech Republic Agnieszka Anna Popiela, University of Szczecin, Poland Lucyna Śliwa, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Iveta Škodová, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia David Zelený, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Jan Żarnowiec, University of Bielsko-Biala, Poland Editorial Secretary Grzegorz Swacha, University of Wrocław, Poland Managing/Production Editor Piotr Otręba, Polish Botanical Society, Poland Reviewers of the volume Tetiana Andrianova, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Ukraine Tomasz Majewski, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland Marcin Piątek, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Editorial office University of Wrocław Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Vegetation Ecology Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland tel.: +48 71 375 6315 email: mb@pbsociety.org.pl e-ISSN: 2392-2923 e-ISBN: 978-83-945205-0-2 p-ISSN: 0077-0655 p-ISBN: 978-83-945205-1-9 DOI: 10.5586/mb.2016.001 © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the original work is properly cited. Citation: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M. The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland. Wrocław: Polish Botanical Society; 2016. (Monographiae Botanicae; vol 106). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/mb.2016.001 Published by Polish Botanical Society Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland pbsociety.org.pl Edited with financial assistance of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. This PDF has been certified using digital signature with a trusted timestamp to assure its origin and integrity. A verification trust dialog appears on the PDF document when it is opened in a compatible PDF reader. Certificate properties provide further details such as certification time and a signing reason in case any alterations made to the final content. If the certificate is missing or invalid it is recommended to verify the publication on the series website. Contents 1. General synopsis of the genus 1.1. Historical review 1.2. Asteromella in a molecular era 1.3. Synonyms, classification and asexual/sexual links 1.4. Ecology and host-plant relationships 2. Material and methods 3. Study objectives 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Historical survey of Polish studies 4.2. Ecology and distribution 4.3. Morphological and anatomical characters 4.4. Accepted taxa, including reallocated Phyllosticta species 4.5. Insufficiently studied and doubtful species 5. References 6. Appendix 1. Index of Latin names 7. Appendix 2. Worldwide list of Asteromella names 7 8 10 11 13 15 16 18 18 18 19 24 107 115 127 134 About the author Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland, email: mrusz@biol.uni.lodz.pl Abstract The critical revision of 59 Asteromella species occurring in Poland is presented, based primarily on specimens from Poland, as well as selected herbarial materials from France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine. Some exsiccata, including types of Asteromella carlinae Petr., Asteromella ludwigii Petr., Asteromella ovata Thüm., Asteromella petasitidis Petr., Depazea agrimoniae Lasch, Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd., Phyllosticta borszczowii Thüm., Phyllosticta cicutae Lind, Phyllosticta eupatoriicola Kabát & Bubák, Phyllosticta pleurospermi Died., Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák, Phyllosticta senecionis-nemorensis Săvul. & Sandu, Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. were also studied. Each species is accompanied by the information pertaining to host spectrum, morphology of conidiomata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, distribution in Poland and globally, as well as information on synanamorphs and teleomorph, if present. Two species, Asteromella moeszii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Mułenko spec. nov. on Pulmonaria obscura and Asteromella rupprechtii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska spec. nov. on Agrimonia eupatoria are described, based on Polish specimens. A new name, Asteromella huubii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska nom. nov., is proposed to replace Asteromella angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres. Nine Phyllosticta and two Depazea species were redisposed into Asteromella: Asteromella acetosae (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella adoxicola (Lasch) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella alnicola (C. Massal.) RuszkiewiczMichalska, comb. nov., Asteromella bacilloides (Dominik) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella prunellae (Ellis & Everh.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella garbowskii (Gucevič) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella lysimachiae (Allesch.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella populina (Fuckel) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella salicina (Kabát & Bubák) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Neotype of Asteromella bacilloides and a lectotype of Asteromella adoxicola are designated. Nine species reported in the literature are not confirmed to occur in Poland; this includes two species that need to be recollected [Asteromella scabiosae (Kalymb.) Vanev & Aa and Asteromella mali (Briard) Boerema & Dorenb.)], as dried specimens are scarce and deficient. Affinity of Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. to Asteromella vs. Phoma is briefly disputed. New records and new data on the distribution of Asteromella species in Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine are also provided. Three species are reported as new to Polish funga: Asteromella prunellae, Asteromella melampyrina and Asteromella moeszii. Keywords fungal biodiversity; Poland; anamorphic fungi; microconidial or spermatial state; asexual morphs; Mycosphaerella s. l.; Phyllosticta; Depazea; Ramularia; Septoria Acknowledgements During my scientific research leading to the preparation of this monograph, I met many persons who significantly influenced both my scientific and personal development. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor Krystyna Czyżewska (University of Łódź, Łódź) and Professor Tomasz Majewski (Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw) for their scientific supervision, incentives and encouragement, as well as their continuous interest in my work and support. The consultations and discussions held with Professor Wiesław Mułenko (University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin) greatly broadened my knowledge and motivated me to work harder. I also wish to offer my deep gratitude to the former and current Head of Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź – Professor Maria Ławrynowicz and Dr hab. Joanna Żelazna-Wieczorek, respectively, for providing scientific support and a working environment for my studies. I am also indebted to Professor Krystyna Czyżewska and Dr hab. Joanna Żelazna-Wieczorek for offering me the use of their facilities during the preparation of microphotographs. I give my deep gratitude to Dr David W. Minter (CABI) and the Cybertruffle Foundation (http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk) for providing access to literature resources and distributional data within the framework of two Internet-accessible databases: CyberLiber (digital library for mycology) and Robigalia (database with spatial and temporal records of the occurrence of fungi and their associated organisms). Additionally, the scanned copies of old articles and books provided by the Cybertruffle Foundation served as a true “treasure” for me. I am also extremely thankful to Dr Tetiana V. Andrianova (M. G. Kholodny Botany Institute, Kiev), Professor Tomasz Majewski, Dr João Baptista-Ferreira (Centro de Micologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon), Dr Paul Kirk (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Dr Vadim A. Mel’nik (Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg) and Dr hab. Marcin Piątek (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków) for providing essential literature items. Dr Christian Scheuer (Universität Graz, Graz) is greatly acknowledged for providing information concerning two combinations ascribed to F. Petrak. Sincere thanks are due to persons who invited me to survey Asteromella/Phyllosticta fungi at their research spaces. I am indebted to Professor Maria Dynowska and her scientific team, particularly Dr hab. Anna Biedunkiewicz and Dr Grzegorz Fiedorowicz (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn), Dr Beatrice Senn-Irlet (Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Zürich), Dr Dorota Michalska-Hejduk (University of Łódź, Łódź), Dr hab. Małgorzata Stasińska (University of Szczecin, Szczecin) and Dr hab. Piotr Mleczko (Jagiellonian University, Kraków). The directors and scientific councils of Biebrza National Park, Gorce National Park and Roztocze National Park are thanked for providing permission to survey protected areas. I am also grateful to the curators of reference collections for loaning me specimens: Dr Harrie J. M. Sipman (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin), Dr Dagmar Triebel and Dr Andreas Beck (Botanische Staatssammlung München, München), Dr hab. Piotr Mleczko (Herbarium KRA, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kraków), Professor Jan Kućmierz (former KRA-AR Herbarium, University of Agriculture, Kraków), Professor Andrzej Chlebicki (Herbarium KRAM, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków), Professor Wiesław Mułenko (Herbarium LBL, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin), Professor Maria Ławrynowicz (Herbarium LOD, University of Łódź, Łódź), Dr Maja Graniszewska (Herbarium WA, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw), Professor Tomasz Majewski (Herbarium WAUF, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw) and Dr Marek Halama (Herbarium WRSL, University of Wrocław, Wrocław). I am indebted also to Professor Maria Dynowska and Dr Ewa Suchrzewska (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn), Dr Iwona Adamska and Dr Beata Czerniawska (West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin) for providing access to exsiccata from their fungal collections. Sincere appreciation is due to reviewers for their thorough reviews of the work and for providing critical and constructive remarks. My colleagues from the Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź are acknowledged for their productive cooperation in everyday work. Last but not least, I wish to thank my friends: Agnieszka Domagała, Joanna Żelazna-Wieczorek, Beata Sadowska and Jarosław Szkodzik for their warmth and comprehensive support. To my daughter, Natalia Michalska, I am grateful for your patience, understanding and unconditional love. Funding The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) in frame of grant No. 2 PO4C 052 27 “Genus Phyllosticta Persoon s. l. (Deuteromycotina: Sphaeropsidales) in Poland”, as well as by University of Łódź with statutory grants in the years 2008–2014. Competing interests No competing interests have been declared. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 1. General synopsis of the genus The anamorphic genus Asteromella Pass. & Thüm., currently located in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis Ascomycota [1], is most likely polyphyletic [2] as polyphyletic is its presumed teleomorphic stage assigned to the genus Mycosphaerella s. l. [3] (see also Chapter 1.3). Asteromella appears to be an assembly of species that share the same type of conidiogenesis and conidiomatal characteristics, presumably due to the function-related convergence of these structures. Traditionally, leaf-inhabiting, pycnidia-forming fungi that produce minute, rod-shaped or bacteria-like, one-celled, hyaline conidia were ascribed to this genus. Species of Asteromella were separated primarily on the basis of supposed host specificity, as it is impossible to distinguish species using only a small number of morpho-anatomical features exclusively [4,5]. The genus concept has not been amended since its description in 1880. In contrast, the status of the genus has changed significantly over time, ranging from being defined as a taxonomic entity [6], an anamorph genus [7] and a supposed fertilizing agent in sexual reproduction [8] (andromorph [9]). Nomenclature pertaining to fungal structures followed these changes and a number of alternate terms were used for conidiomata (pycnidia, pycnostromata, spermogonia, spermatogonia), spore-bearing and producing structures (sporo-, conidio- or spermatophores, spermatiferous, conidio- or spermatiogenous cells) and spores (pycnospores, conidia, microconidia, spermatia). Currently, Asteromella fungi are commonly considered to be the spermatial or microconidial states of species of the polyphyletic genus Mycosphaerella Johanson s. l. (see, e.g., [8,10]). The genus Asteromella has not been critically monographed, either locally or globally. The genus was partially revised in 1960s by Batista et al. [11] and Batista and Peres [12], who examined and illustrated 30 species. Later, Vanev and Aa [10] presented a compilation of all names published in Asteromella, together with basic information concerning the type specimens of each of the 168 species listed. According to 10th edition of Dictionary of Fungi [2], the number of Asteromella species was estimated at 234 in 2008. In July 2016, the total number of Asteromella species listed in the databases of Index Fungorum [13] and MycoBank [14] accounts for 264 (see Appendix 1 in Chapter 6). This number includes a number of questionable names (illegitimate or invalid) and five species excluded from the genus in course of studies conducted by von Höhnel [15], Sutton [4] and de Gruyter et al. [16]. These are Asteromella epitrema Cooke, A. sphaerospora Sacc. & Traverso, A. castaneicola (Ellis & Everh.) Petr., A. tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Butin & Kehr and A. lupini (Ellis & Everh.) Petr.; these are currently placed in genera Dasystictella Höhn., Coniella Höhn., Paraconiothyrium Verkley and Plenodomus Preuss, respectively. Four Asteromella species are attributed to F. Petrak [13]; however, the time and place of their publication is unknown; they are Asteromella leptidea (Fr.) Petr., A. livida (Ellis & Everh.) Petr., A. longissima (Pers.) Petr. and A. quercicola Petr. (see final notes, Appendix 2). More than 60% of the taxa currently accepted in Asteromella were originally described in other genera: mostly in Phyllosticta Pers., but also in Phoma Sacc., Ascochyta Lib. and others. Most were transferred to Asteromella fairly recently, in the course of the revision of the genus Phyllosticta s. l. [5]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 7 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 1.1. Historical review The genus Asteromella was introduced in 1880 with a description of a single coelomycetous fungus producing minute, bacteria-like spores, i.e., Asteromella ovata Thüm., collected by G. Passerini in Parma, Italy [6]. Type species, with specimens distributed in Mycotheca Universalis No. 1689, is hosted by Menispermum canadense L. (Fig. 1), as mentioned in the protologue [6]. The host plant was later erroneously cited in Sylloge Fungorum III [17] to be Acer pseudoplatanus, collected in Klosterneuburg, Austria. This misstatement was followed by Vanev and Aa [10] listing both plant species as hosts of Asteromella ovata. The characteristics of type species provided by Thümen [6] included features of conidiomata and conidia, as well as information about dark lesions of host plant leaves caused by fungus. Spore-producing structures (conidiogenous cells) were not mentioned in the diagnosis. The first indication of their presence in type material and illustration were given a century later by Sutton [4]. In early descriptions, Asteromella species were characterized based on host species and its reaction to the fungal infection (mainly leaf spots), as well as on the morphology of the conidiomata (as perithecia) and spores. Eleven species were described in the genus during the first 22 years; the descriptions of these species lacked information about conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. The first, although curt, descriptions of conidiophores were provided in 1903 for Asteromella sphaerospora (as basidia) [18] (now in Dasystictella Höhn.) and in 1913 for Asteromella asteris Peck (as sporophores) [19]. Klebahn [20] was the first to investigate and illustrate the spore-producing structures of Asteromella-like fungi. During studies on Mycosphaerella hippocastani Jaap, Klebahn [20] observed pycnidia, which he first assumed to belong either to accidental species of Phyllosticta or to be filled with bacteria. However, the structures resembling bacteria were also present in the pycnidium of Septoria state of Mycosphaerella. This lead Klebahn [20] to discovery microconidia-producing cells intermixed with the conidiophores of macroconidial c b a e d g f Fig. 1 Isotype of Asteromella ovata on Menispermum canadense (WRSL). a Label with species description. b,c Upper and lower surface of host leaf. d Leaf fragment with symptoms of infection visible at its lower side. e,f Microscopic structures. e Conidiomata. f Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. g Conidia. Scale bars: a–c 1 cm; d 2 cm; e 20 µm; f,g 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 8 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland state – Septoria. Furthermore, the uppermost conidiogenous cell of some Septoria conidiophores also produced microconidia (Fig. 10a, page 58 in [20]). Klebahn [20] confirmed a microconidial state in the life cycle of M. hippocastani using cultures and concluded that microconidia are formed at the end of the macroconidia-production period. In the same comprehensive study, conidiophores and microconidia of Mycosphaerella punctiformis (Pers.) Starbäck f. tiliae Kleb. were illustrated as formed in vivo in pycnidia, and inside the basic stroma of the conidiophores of Passalora microsora (Sacc.) U. Braun (= Cercospora microsora Sacc.). Klebahn [20] considered whether this microconidial state could be identical to Phyllosticta bacterioides Vuill., which, according to Vuillemin’s [21] description, was also associated with Cercospora microsora Sacc. Microconidia were also found in sclerotia accompanying ascomata of Mycosphaerella hieracii (Sacc. & Briard) Jaap and in pycnidia from ascospore-derived culture of Sphaerulina rehmiana Jaap [20]. However, in the case of these two species, neither conidiophores nor conidiogenous cells were described. All of these observations presumably concerned the Asteromella species although no specific epithets were ascribed to microconidial states by Klebahn [20]. Fundamental for understanding the biology of Asteromella-like fungi were studies conducted by Higgins [22–24], who focused on the life history of a few Mycosphaerella-like species. Special attention was paid to the connections of anamorphic and teleomorphic stages, and to the role of microconidia. First, Higgins [22,23] characterized in detail the formation of spermogonia and spermatia as well as the development of ascomatal primordia and young ascomata following putative spermatization. Evidence that spores of Asteromella do function as spermatia was finally provided in 1936 in a paper concerning the life cycle of Mycosphaerella tulipiferae (Schwein.) B. B. Higgins [24]. Another confirmation was provided in a similar study on the biology of Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Lindau conducted by Dring [25] and in case of Mycosphaerella jaczewskii Potebnia by Brezhnev ([26], after [27]). In the next years of the twentieth century, a total of 80 species were described and 69 reallocated in Asteromella, primarily from Phyllosticta s. l. Two waves of increasing interest in the genus are noted; first, 1923–1934 is associated primarily with the activities of H. Sydow and F. Petrak [28–32]. Petrak [33,34] and H. von Rupprecht [35,36] contributed to the second wave in the 1950s, when more species were transferred to Asteromella compared to those that were newly described. In the following years (1960–1961), the first taxonomic surveys of Asteromella were carried out by Batista et al. [11] and Batista and Perez [12]. They re-described in total 30 of 138 species known at that time, providing detailed descriptions of habitus, pycnidia and spores, and in the case of a few species, conidiophores. The revisions were based on materials from the herbaria in Leiden (currently U) and Budapest (BP); however, types were studied for only six species: Asteromella ovata, A. phalaridis, A. podocarpi, A. vulgaris [11], A. drymariae and A. velata [12]. In the first paper [11], drawings of pycnidia and spores are provided for each species, the first illustration for the majority of these. In the case of A. stemmatea and A. podocarpi, the drawings also clearly show the conidiophores. In the second paper, materials primarily collected by G. Moesz were studied [12] and yielded descriptions of two new species: A. galii-schultesii Moesz and A. pulmonariae Moesz, both invalidly published with Portuguese descriptions. Additionally, seven new combinations were provided, clearly created on the basis of the opinions (?) of Gusztáv von Moesz (died in 1946), since his name is given as an author of the new combinations. None of the new combinations was based on revision of the type materials. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 9 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland At the start of the twenty-first century, van der Aa and Vanev [5] monographed Phyllosticta s. l., that brought about the revision of numerous species and drastic changes in terms of understanding the genus volume. Analyses of holotypes or original descriptions and diagnoses allowed the researchers [5] to reallocate to Asteromella 83 species primarily described in Phyllosticta. In addition, several dozens of other Phyllosticta species were suggested as also belonging to Asteromella. Thereafter, only two species have been described and one Phyllosticta species has been redisposed to the genus Asteromella [37,38]. However, an Asteromella-like spermatial state has been reported in association with many recently described ascomycetes including Cercospora, Clypeispora, Mycosphaerella, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia, Septoria, Sphaerulina, Stenella, Teratosphaeria and Zasmidium [39–55]. 1.2. Asteromella in a molecular era For several reasons, fungi classified in Asteromella appear to be a group that has been neglected in modern mycology. First, most authors have followed the logical principle of “one fungus – one name”, even prior to being formally introduced to the Melbourne Code in 2011 [56,57]. Secondly, at the basis of the application of this principle to Asteromella-like species lies the common conviction of the participation of all such fungi in the fertilization process [2,5,58–63]. This generally-accepted assumption relies mostly on four premises: (i) small size of spores, (ii) their inability to germinate and to infect the host, (iii) the coincidence of spermogonia with asco- and conidiomata, (iv) the high morphological resemblance of spermogonia to young ascomata. However, only in a small number of cases has the fertilizing role of Asteromella spores been confirmed in field experiments or observed in the culturebased studies of Mycosphaerella species [24–27]. The unreliability of co-habitation is high, however, as demonstrated already by Klebahn in 1918 [20]. Recently, this unreliability has further increased, with reports demonstrating joint occurrence of diverse Mycosphaerella species, e.g., in a single leaf lesion of Eucalyptus [64,65]. In the newest revision of the Ramularia endophylla complex, Videira et al. [66] indicate that the role played by the Asteromella spermatial state in the development of the species still needs to be understood. A third reason for the limited taxonomic interest in Asteromella fungi results from problems related to their culturing. Species which were attempted to cultivate did not germinate on any kind of the wide spectrum of cultural media used (e.g., [50,67,68]). However, the number of tested species remains scant. Tests have been conducted almost exclusively for those species that were already confirmed as spermatial states of Mycosphaerella. The majority of species, only presumably spermatial, were not tested with respect to growth in axenic cultures. Modern genetic methods have delivered new insights into the taxonomy of many anamorphic fungi. DNA sequence-data have proven to be an extremely useful tool for integrating different morphs of a holomorph [69]. Examples concern many ascomycetous taxa including Mycosphaerella s. l. as well as its segregates, Septoria and Ramularia (e.g., [66,70–72]). In fact, the complex of Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs has recently been widely studied; roughly 35 000 sequences generated to date are available in the GenBank database [73]. In contrast, the molecular data available for species listed under Asteromella name remain © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 10 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland limited in the GenBank database [73]. These concern two economically important species: A. brassicicola (Chevall.) Boerema & Kesteren and A. pistaciarum Bremer & Petr. as well as two taxa recently excluded from the genus by de Gruyter et al. [16]: Paraconiothyrium tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter and Plenodomus lupini (Ellis & Everh.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley. A number of endophytic and leaf litter-isolated Asteromella sp. sequences has also been contributed by different authors [73]. No data are available on Phyllosticta species that supposedly belong to Asteromella. The elucidation of the role of Asteromella fungi in the life cycle of ascomycetous taxa as well as the tangled issue of host specificity require genetic and experimental studies that extend beyond the scope of the current study. Most likely, the culture-based approach is as promising as a molecular one, because the characteristics of Asteromella states hitherto studied in vitro were completely congruent with those observed in vivo. 1.3. Synonyms, classification and asexual/sexual links Up to seven genera are listed as synonyms of Asteromella by different sources [4,10,13,14,74]. First, Petrak [28] stated that the monotypic genus Stictochorellina, described by him a year earlier, is identical to Asteromella. Petrak [28] also assumed Asteromella to be a simplified Stictochorella Höhn. Of these two, only the latter was listed as a synonym of Asteromella in the compendium of fungal genera in 1931 [75]. Five out of 15 Stictochorella names are classified in Asteromella and two others were at least temporarily included in the latter genus (according to Index Fungorum [13]). Later, Ciferri [76] provided another synonym of Asteromella by reallocating Phyllonochaeta solani Gonz. Frag. & Cif., the type species of the monotypic genus Phyllonochaeta. In Sutton’s “Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes” [74], two other names were added to the list of synonyms: Apiosporella and Aplosporidium, both of which were introduced by Spegazzini for a new genus in a single paper from 1912 [77]. The newly described monotypic genus Apiosporella was already an illegitimate homonym for Apiosporella Höhn. from 1909 and Apiosporella Speg. from 1910. On subsequent pages, Spegazzini [77] corrects the name twice, first in erratum, where Haplosporidium is indicated as the correct name of the new genus. Secondly, the name Aplosporidium was applied instead of Haplosporidium in the general index to the species mentioned in this and the previous five parts of the series of publications on fungi of Argentina [77]. It is worth noting that in 1910 Haplosporidium Speg. had already been illegitimate (homonym of Haplosporidium Caullery & Mesnil from 1899). In the only survey of the genus worldwide by Vanev and Aa [10], Plectophoma Höhn. and Porterula Speg. were also listed as synonyms of Asteromella. Except for Phyllonochaeta, the view of Vanev and Aa [10] is followed by the Index Fungorum database [13], while in MycoBank [14], Apiosporella/Aplosporidium is not listed among Asteromella synonyms. Following the classic approach of anamorph classification, Melnik proposed in 1986 Asteromellaceae, i.e., the Asteromella-based family in the Coelomycetes class [78]. According to Cannon and Kirk [79], the family is currently included into synonyms of Didymosphaeriaceae Munk (currently in Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae [80]). Most authors classify Asteromella species together with Mycosphaerella in Mycosphaerellaceae (e.g., [81,82]), a © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 11 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Fig. 2 Taxonomic placement of Asteromella and Asteromella-like species according to Wijayawardene et al. [83]. family in Capnodiales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota [80]. However, in the available literature, the name Asteromella is also associated with taxa other than Mycosphaerella. In course of a recent attempt to classify asexual genera in a natural biological system of fungi [83], Asteromella and Asteromella-like species were listed in four different entries (Fig. 2). The core group of species (primarily described in Asteromella or reallocated from Phyllosticta, Phoma and Ascochyta) is referred to as the genus incertae sedis within Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) [83]. Asteromella-like species are listed as associated with the genera Gillotia Sacc. & Troter, Dothidella Speg. and Asterinella Theiss. The Asteromella-like asexual state of Gillotia was noted by Arx and Müller [81]. The genus Dothidella shares Stictochorella anamorphs with Asteromella, although only a part of the species described in Stictochorella was reallocated in Asteromella (according to Index Fungorum [13]). The connection of Asteromella-like fungi with Asterinella likely resulted from a typographical error, as anamorphs of Asterinales were classified in Asterostomella Speg. [84]. In recent critical evaluations of ascomycetes [1,85] and in the revision of Asterinales in particular [84], Asteromella is no longer listed among the names of asexual morphs of Microthyriaceae. According to Crous et al. [82], Asteromella species are spermatial states of Mycosphaerella s. l. taxa belonging to the former Mycosphaerella section Caterva and section Mycosphaerella having Ramularia asexual morphs (= Mycosphaerella Johanson s. str.) [66]. The analysis of data on synanamorphs associated (co-occurring) with Asteromella species in the type materials (Appendix 1) reveals that Asteromella fungi had been recorded either with Ramularia or Septoria morph. This is congruent with the earlier assumption of Aa and Vanev [5], as well as recent results of molecular studies that have proven Ramularia and Septoria to be different clades of Mycosphaerella s. l. [55,72]. The only exception is Asteromella (= Phyllosticta) buphthalmi, described by Allescher [86] as co-occurring with Ramularia buphthalmi. The later verification of the holotype also revealed the presence of Septoria buphthalmi and resulted in its inclusion in a group of presumed synanamorphs of A. buphthalmi [5]. In total, 216 Asteromella species are not regarded as associated with any other morph. Among the 47 species of known anamorphic associations, 20 names are linked to Septoria taxa (including Phloeospora), 16 to Ramularia, seven to Passalora/Cercospora, two to Phyllosticta and one each to Stagonospora and Pseudocercosporella. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 12 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland According to original species diagnoses and later revisions of type specimens [5], 56% of Asteromella species (142 out of 262) co-occurred with their sexual morphs, predominantly those classified in Mycosphaerella s. l. In many of these cases, no specific species could be indicated, as only immature, presumably mycosphaerellean ascomata were observed. Moreover, in the case of some host families, more than one Mycosphaerella species is described on the host genus or family, mostly with no information on its spermatial state. For the remaining of Asteromella species (120), no sexual morphs are indicated in original descriptions, secondary collections or reported in later studies of holotypes. Thirty-one species of Asteromella have been listed as co-existing with both asexual and sexual morphs. However, in the majority of cases (18 species), an assumption was made based only on immature mycosphaerella-like ascomata or ascomatal primordia present in type materials [5]. 1.4. Ecology and host-plant relationships The host criterion has been one of the basic criterions for the delimitation of Asteromella species, despite not being a stable rule; this is true for 41 host families, primarily dicots from subtropic- and tropical areas. More than a single species has been described for 46 out of the 87 host families containing Asteromella hosts (Fig. 3). For six families, association with more than nine Asteromella species have been reported. The highest number of Asteromella species has been described on hosts from highly differentiated and circumglobally-spread families: Asteraceae and Fabaceae, followed by Apiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Liliaceae. However, neither host specificity nor the identity of morphologically-uniform species occurring on diverse hosts within the same genus occurring at different continents have been discussed or analysed in the literature until now. Worldwide, six species are referred to as polyphagous: Asteromella artemisiae, A. longissima, A. maculiformis, A. osteospora, A. ovata and A. vulgaris [10]. As already noted, Asteromella ovata was wrongly reported on hosts from two families. Host lists for the rest of the above-listed species include data pertaining to different varieties, forms or states (ana- and teleomorph), although their genetic connections have yet to be proven. Data on A. artemisiae exclusively concern the hosts of its supposed teleomorph, i.e., Leptosphaeria artemisiae; the exact host of the Asteromella-state, to date only observed in culture, is not listed in the diagnosis [87]. Hosts of A. longissima include species reported for its basionym Sphaeria longissima and synonym Phoma longissima. In the case of A. osteospora, species hosting var. samaricola (Fraxinus), as well as hosts (e.g., Morus and Rhamnus) from Saccardo’s secondary collections from PAD, were incorporated into the species host spectrum. Similarly, the fabaceous host of the Asteromella vulgaris forma gleditschiae triacantis Thüm. was included in the host spectrum of Crataegus-associated A. vulgaris. This seems illogical in light of the overall host-based taxonomy of this genus and the numerous redispositions of other subspecific taxa into new species. Plurivory of A. maculiformis resulted from the merging of several Phyllosticta species into that of Asteromella and the different supraspecific taxa of its presumed sexual morph (Mycosphaerella punctiformis). Nevertheless, Asteromella maculiformis has raised less doubt © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 13 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland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ig. 3 Distribution of the number of accepted Asteromella species within the host families (data based on Appendix 1, excluding polyphagous species). in terms of its plurivory, as it was traditionally limited to broadleaved tree hosts in temperate zones. However, the results of a recent genetic study of Ramularia endophylla Verkley & U. Braun (the current name for Mycosphaerella punctiformis) yielded new data on the species heterogeneity and host spectrum of its segregates, i.e., R. vizellae Crous and R. unterseheri Videira & Crous [66]. It has been shown that the two latter species, R. vizellae in particular, have broad host spectrum that include trees and shrubs (Aceraceae, Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Fagaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Rosaceae and Tiliaceae) as well as herbaceous plants (Brassica, Lotus, Phaseolus). Ramularia endophylla has been limited to Quercus- and Castanea-derived isolates. The role of the Asteromella state in the life cycle of R. endophylla has not been proven, nor has the spermatial state of R. vizellae and R. unterseheri been reported [66]. However, when a genetic connection of Ramularia and Asteromella is assumed, the host-specificity of Asteromella shall be questioned. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 14 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 2. Material and methods This study is based on dried exsiccata deposited in the reference collections of B, KRA, KRA-AR (unnumbered), KRAM, LBL, LOD, M, WA, WAUF (unnumbered) and WRSL (unnumbered) (acronyms according to Thiers [88]) and in two institutions: Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (collection of M. Dynowska and E. Sucharzewska) and West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin (collection of I. Adamska and B. Czerniawska), as well as on materials collected by the author in Poland (Fig. 4, Tab. 1), Germany, Latvia and Switzerland. The following exsiccata were also revised (abbreviations follow Triebel and Scholz [89]): ■ Allescher & Schnabl, Fungi Bav. ■ Bornmüller, Pl. Lyd. Cariae Exs. ■ Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exs. ■ Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs. ■ Krieger, Fungi Saxon. Exs. ■ Migula, Krypt. Germ., Austr. Helv. Exs. (Pilze) ■ Petrak, Crypt. Exs. ■ Petrak, Fl. Bohem. Morav. Exs. Pilze ■ Petrak, Mycoth. Gen. ■ Poelt & Scheuer, Reliqu. Petrak. ■ Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. Ed. ■ Raciborski, Mycoth. Polon. ■ Roumeguère, Fungi Sel. Gall. Exs. ■ Saccardo, Mycoth. Ital. ■ Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman. ■ Siemaszko, Fungi Bialowiez. Exs. ■ Sydow, Mycoth. Germ. ■ Thümen, Herb. Mycol. Oecon. ■ Thümen, Mycoth. Univ. ■ Tranzschel & Serebrianikow, Mycoth. Ross. ■ Triebel, Microf. Exs. ■ Vestergren, Micromyc. Rar. Sel. Praec. Scand. ■ Zahlbruckner, Krypt. Exs. Macro- and microscopic observations of symptoms on plant organs (mostly leaves) and fungal structures were performed using a Nikon SMZ 745T and Nikon Eclipse 50i light microscope with phase contrast, respectively. Images of plant organs infected by fungi were obtained with the use of a digital HP ScanJet 2400 scanner and microphotographs were taken using a Nikon DS-F1 digital camera applying the phase contrast option. Slides were prepared using tap water, lactophenol blue and lactophenol with picric acid solution (the latter used primarily in the case of microphotographs). Measurements were made at 1000× magnification and included 10 conidiomata, 30 conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and 50 conidia per specimen, if the material was sufficiently abundant. Plant species were © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 15 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 54° 1 3 2 52° 5 4 6 50° 7 16° 20° 24° Fig. 4 The main areas of Poland surveyed (numbering in accordance with Tab. 1). determined according to Rutkowski [90] and Rothmaler [91], and their names follow The Plant List [92]. Cultural attempts were made following the procedures recommended by Crous et al. [93]. Culturing of all the species listed in the paper, with priority given to the most fresh of the available specimens, was attempted. To test germination and growth ability, conidiomata were placed in a drop of distilled water on the sterile microscopic glass and squeezed with a smaller glass to extrude the spores. Following microscopic control, the conidial suspension was struck on Petri dishes with standard media (OA, MEA, PDA, WA), prepared according to the manufacturer’s (DIFCO, USA) recommendations. They were then incubated in darkness for 5 days at a temperature of 24°C and 30°C (three samples each). They were thereafter kept at room temperature and in diffuse daylight for 5 days. 3. Study objectives The aim of this study was to present the complete characteristics of Asteromella species recorded in Poland and to consider the identity of related Phyllosticta, Ascochyta and Depazea taxa deposited in reference collections in Poland. Morpho-anatomical analyses and cultural attempts were applied for this purpose. In the course of preparing for this monograph, many inconsistences and errors were found in literature-based and internet-accessible information; wherever possible, these were corrected. Thus, the Polish data are presented against a background of a critical worldwide list of names applicable to Asteromella (Appendix 1). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 16 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Tab. 1 The data origin: main areas surveyed as represented by exsiccata and published data. Area No.* Localities surveyed Main sources 1 Szczecin City and surroundings [119,160,186] Słowiński National Park [129,130,142,161] Poznań City [166] Noteć River valley [115] Bydgoszcz City [116] Białowieża National Park [123] Biebrza National Park Own data [140,141] Łuk Mużakowa Landscape Park Own data Gorzów Wielkopolski City and surroundings [96] Sudety Mts [97] 5 Łódź City and surroundings, Lasy Spalskie Refuge, Załęczański Landscape Park, Przedborski Landscape Park, Kampinos National Park, Dąbrowa Grotnicka and Grądy nad Moszczenicą reserves Own data and unpublished data from LOD 6 Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District [127,128] Bug River Valley [132,133] Arboretum Bolestraszyce [159] Roztocze National Park Own data Częstochowa Upland [136] Ojców National Park [124,125] Kraków City and surroundings [102], unpublished data from KRA-AR Gorce National Park Own data Tatry National Park [131] Pieniny National Park [126] 2 3 4 7 * In accordance with numbering in Fig. 4. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 17 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Historical survey of Polish studies The first Polish data on fungi currently classified in the genus Asteromella date back to 1892, i.e., to Hennings’ [94] record of Phyllosticta saponariae (Fuckel) Sacc. [= Asteromella saponariae (Fuckel) Petr.]. This species was one of the seven Asteromella species collected by foreign mycologists [95–98], e.g., H. Diedicke, R. Laubert, G. Moesz and R. Schander up to 1931, in the western part of current Poland (former Mark Brandenburg and West Prussia). Beginning in 1902, roughly 20 “physiographic” papers were written by Polish mycologists including B. Namysłowski, K. Rouppert, W. Siemaszko and Z. Zweigbaumówna, which greatly contributed to the knowledge of Polish fungi. These papers, e.g., [99–108] concerned the results of research trips to regions of pre-partition Poland that at that time had been occupied by Austria-Hungary, Prussia and Russia. The papers were published up to World War II, primarily in Pamiętnik Fizyograficzny (Warsaw), Sprawozdania Komisyi Fizyograficznej (Kraków) and in Kosmos (Lviv). Other papers also covered diseases afflicting crops and ornamental plants [109–114]. Follow-up contributions to knowledge about Polish fungi were only published in the late 1950s and 1960s [115–120]. Mycocoenological studies of microfungal occurrence in plant communities yielded the most abundant data on Asteromella species in Poland. Initiated by Majewski’s study in Kampinos National Park [121], these studies were carried out until the end of the twentieth century and included the following national parks: Białowieża NP [122,123], Ojców NP [124,125], Pieniny NP [126], Poleski NP [127,128], Słowiński NP [129,130], Tatra NP ([131] and the literature cited therein) as well as geographic regions like the Bug River Valley [132,133], Lublin Upland [134], Małopolska Upland [135] and Częstochowa Upland [136] (see [137,138] for a list of papers and plant communities studied). Asteromella (Phyllosticta) species were reported in the majority of these studies, the exception being papers concerning fungi in Kampinos NP [121], Lublin and Małopolska Uplands [134,135], and early reports from Białowieża NP [122] and Słowiński NP [129,130]. Most of the data on the occurrence of Asteromella species in Poland were listed in the literature-based checklist of Polish micromycetes in 2008 [139]. The most recent records hail from studies conducted in the Biebrza and Słowiński national parks [140–142]. 4.2. Ecology and distribution The current study delivers limited data on the ecology of Asteromella species, as neither experiments nor long-term observations were carried out in the field. Fresh materials were collected from diverse plant communities, in habitats that are to various degrees influenced by man-made disturbances, e.g., in forests, meadows, grasslands and in anthropogenic areas © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 18 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland of cities. The highest species number and diversity were recorded in communities of deciduous forests. The majority of Polish specimens of Asteromella species were collected in autumn, primarily in September and October. This corresponds to observations made by Higgins [22–24], Dring [25] and Brezhnev ([26,27]). However, the formation of conidiomata is related to plant phenology, rather than directly to the season of the year. In the case of plants occurring for a short period during the growing season, Asteromella conidiomata were formed earlier, that is, in summer rather than autumn (e.g., A. adoxicola and A. convallariae). The conidiomata were often accompanied by immature ascomata and ascomatal primordia filled with parenchymatous cells. The co-occurrence of Asteromella conidiomata and its supposed asexual morphs was revealed in the case of many species. The highest number of Asteromella species was observed for the representatives of Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae; this was not surprising, as these families are the most species-rich taxa among Polish flora. They are also known to host the highest number of Asteromella species worldwide (see Appendix 1). The majority of other host families represented in Polish materials were associated with between one-to-three Asteromella species. The overall distribution of Asteromella species collected and reported from Poland is presented in Fig. 4, with more detailed information given in Tab. 1, together with the primary sources of data, i.e., literature or reference collections. However, the table and map do not include a number of localities that provided single records/species. The areas indicated in Tab. 1 and Fig. 4 were not evenly rich in Asteromella species/records. Białowieża and Biebrza national parks (area No. 3), Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District (No. 6), central Poland (No. 5) and Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (No. 7) belong to parts of Poland with the highest numbers of species/records. In course of this study, some attempts were made to complement the knowledge of distribution of Asteromella species and some unexplored or underexplored areas were surveyed. However, some of these areas should still be regarded as poorly recognized and in need of additional research (e.g., Gorce National Park, Roztocze National Park, Tatra National Park, Kampinos National Park, Warmia and Mazury, Western Pomerania and Lubuskie Province). 4.3. Morphological and anatomical characters The descriptions of the majority of species include a limited set of characters, i.e., the size of conidiomata (primarily diameter) and conidia. More precise and detailed information concerning the characters of the conidiomatal wall, conidiophores and conidiogenous cells is available almost exclusively for species reallocated to Asteromella by Aa and Vanev [5]. Asteromella species develop predominantly on the living leaves of plant hosts and rarely on elements of the perianth (e.g., Asteromella prunellae on Prunella vulgaris). In the majority of species, the fungus causes weak disease symptoms, i.e., stains, leaf spots and discoloration. In the case of some old herbarial specimens, the colours were already lost and it was not possible to characterize them. Leaf lesions generally lack a definite, coloured margin separating the inhabited and uninhabited host tissue. However, the margin is present in © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 19 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland some species (e.g., Asteromella rosicola) and is most likely a universal reaction of the host plant, as it has also been observed in host infection by other fungal pathogens. The most stable feature observed in almost all species is the limitation of the inhabited tissue by middle- and lower level leaf-veins, which causes the angular-shaped appearance of the lesions. Such delimited areas of host tissue are often slightly darker or discoloured compared to surrounding areas and can also be thinner or thickened due to “stuffing” with abundant conidiomata. Less frequently, the conidiomata are not accompanied by leaf alterations. This was observed in species causing systemic infection of the host leaves, e.g., Asteromella ovata and A. quercifolii. The morphology of Asteromella species is relatively uniform. Mycelium is immersed in plant tissue, hyphae are septated, branched, non-anastomosing, hyaline or pale brown to medium brown and 3–4 µm wide (Fig. 5). Conidiomata are generally pycnidial, occasionally pycnostromatic (observed only in A. aviculariae) or almost so. In some species (A. aegopodii, A. austriaca, A. convallariae and A. huubii), leaf tissue surrounding the conidiomata is densely overgrown with brown hyphae. Pycnidial conidiomata are mostly globose or subglobose, singular or aggregated in loose or dense groups, on both sides of the leaf (e.g., A. ebuli), but mostly hypophyllous. When in dense groups, they are more or less angular or multiform, confluent and conform to lesion borders. Conidiomata are immersed in leaf tissue, often with apical parts somewhat projected above the leaf surface and rarely with up to 1/3 part of conidioma elevated above the epidermis (e.g., A. maculiformis). In most cases, the emerged part comprises papilla covering ostiolum; the papilla is rarely lacking. The colour of conidiomata is diverse and to a minor extent changes with age. The colours observed include pale grey to steel-grey, pale to dark brown, sometimes with olive tinges, or black. The conidiomatal tips often have a glassy appearance due to the mass of extruding conidia, which is slimy at first, then crusty. The conidiomatal wall is composed of (2–)3–4 layers of thin-walled cells, primarily textura angularis (e.g., type species, A. ovata Thüm.). In three species (A. bacilloides, A. garbowskii and A. rosicola) textura epidermoidea was observed in studied specimens. Other than textura angularis composition of the wall was indicated in descriptions of A. ixiolirii (textura epidermoidea), A. tobira (textura prismatica), A. ungerniae (textura globulosa changing into textura prismatica) and A. intricata (textura intricata changing into textura globulosa) [5]. Further studies are needed to elucidate the importance of this feature in the taxonomy of the group. Ostiolum is central, circular, often well-visible, up to 37 µm (at conidiomatal diameter 49.4 µm), sometimes surrounded by the clypeus-like structure made up of darker, thick-walled cells, or irregular, likely due to lysis of topical cells or their abrasion following maturing. Conidiophores are smooth, hyaline and line the conidiomatal wall, primarily multicellular, tapered toward the apex, branched at the base, from 5 up to 20 µm long and up to 6 µm wide. In some species (e.g., A. scabiosae), conidiophores were not observed. Conidiogenous cells are enteroblastic, phialidic, hyaline, cylindrical or conical to globose or subglobose, often in rown protruding into conidiomatal cavity, primarily integrated, rarely discrete and with a single conidiogenous loci disposed apically or laterally (then below the transversal septum). The collarette and channel are small and indistinct, and were often not preserved in the specimens. Conidia mostly form a dense, somewhat viscous mass that frequently hinders observation of conidiophores. Conidia are hyaline, one-celled, eguttulate, minute, 2–7 × 0.5–1.8 µm, 3–5 × 1–1.5 µm in average. The conidial shape is fairly uniform, primarily rod-shaped, with © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 20 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Co a c b e d f h Co g i j k © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 21 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland l m n o p q r s As Co t u © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 22 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland w y v z x Fig. 5 Morpho-anatomical characters of Asteromella species. a–d Mycelium in the plant tissue (arrows indicate hyphae). a Hyphae forming primordium. b Pale and loose hyphae. c Dark hyphae of stroma-forming A. aviculariae. d Dense hyphal layer at the leaf surface in the contact zone of two conidiomata (Co) of A. aegopodii. e,f Conidiomata below leaf stoma (arrow). e Young conidiomatal primordium forming under stoma (arrow), near the mature conidioma. f Mature conidioma. g Spore deposits (arrows) on leaf epidermis around the stoma. h–k Conidiomata erumpent above the plant tissue. h Leaf fragment with groups of conidiomata. i Conidiomatal papilla (arrow) emerging through epidermis. j Conidioma with papilla (cross-section). k Clypeus-like structure (arrow) surrounding ostiolum. l–p Arrangement of conidiomata. l,m Diverse arrangement at surface of Quercus leaf. n Single, mature conidiomata accompanied with primordia. o Dense group. p Conidiomata immersed in stroma. q,r Ostiolum. q Papilla with narrow ostiolum in young conidioma. r Widely open ostiola in mature conidiomata. s–u Conidiomatal wall. s External layer. t Cross-sections of conidiomatal wall. u Cross-section of leaf tissue with conidioma (CO) and presumably young ascoma (As). v–z Conidiogenous cells and conidia. v Cross-section of conidioma: conidia-forming conidiogenous cells indicated with arrows. w,x Fragments of conidiomatal wall lined with conidiogenous cells. y Conidiophores and conidiogenouscells. z Conidia in viscous mass and single conidia. Scale bars: a,c,d 5 μm; b,i,j 20 μm; e–g,k 10 μm; h 1 mm; l 1 mm; m 100 μm; n–p 50 μm; q,t 10 μm; r,u 20 μm; s 5 μm; v 10 μm; w–z 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 23 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland a slight narrowing at the central portion, rarely cylindrical, with a width equal over the entire length of the spore and rounded ends. The features that allow for discriminating Asteromella species from other similar genera are the fine details of the morphological structure of conidiophores and conidia. The most similar to Asteromella are small-spored Phoma s. l. (Phoma and Paraphoma [143]), distinguished by a more elliptical- or ovoidal-shaped conidia and the presence of two or more guttules. The homogenous shape of conidia of the Asteromella species is a stable character when compared to the diversely shaped spores observed in vivo in single conidiomata of Phoma section Pilosa, which have very similar conidiogenous cells [cf. Phoma betae A. B. Frank and Ph. typhina (Sacc. & Malbr.) Aa [143]]. A fundamental feature that allows for the confirmation of species placement in Phoma vs. Asteromella is germination of Phoma spores on artificial media; this is because spermatial states, by definition, do not germinate. However, in the case of old herbarium specimens that also show no growth on the culture media, this is not an unambiguous test. All the species presented here, whether old or fresh specimens, were tested for the ability of germination and axenic growth and failed. 4.4. Accepted taxa, including reallocated Phyllosticta species The host specificity of Asteromella species is accepted here. The characteristics of 59 species are based on Polish materials and additional exsiccata, including type specimens. Three species are reported from Poland for the first time: Asteromella prunellae, A. melampyrina and A. moeszii. The majority of Asteromella species known to occur in Poland were recorded as Phyllosticta. Nine Phyllosticta and two Depazea species are redisposed into Asteromella. The new combinations are proposed for species that are not associated with asexual or sexual morph and that differ from known Asteromella species on the respective host family. New combinations are also proposed for two species previously ascribed to Mycosphaerella species, namely, Asteromella spermatial states of Mycosphaerella lysimachiae (Höhn.) Höhn. and M. populi (Auersw.) J. Schröt., which concerns Phyllosticta lysimachiae Allesch. and Ph. populina Sacc., respectively. The decision to include these Phyllosticta species in specific Mycosphaerella was not supported by experiments or genetic studies, but was instead based on the co-occurrence of diverse morphs, where the sexual one was often immature [5]. Furthermore, more than one Mycosphaerella species is known to occur on the respective hosts [59,63]. The problem regarding the insufficiently supported transfers of species and the possible taxonomic and nomenclatural consequences thereof have been recognized by many mycologists, and was recently discussed by Hawksworth [144]. As no proof of holomorphy exists in the case of the above-mentioned Phyllosticta/Asteromella species, the new combinations are proposed to re-include the species in further taxonomic research. Nine of the species earlier reported from Poland were excluded from the primary list and are characterized in the section concerning insufficiently-studied or doubtful species. The occurrence of six among them in Poland was not confirmed (A. aviculariae, A. garrettii, A. gentianellae, A. helleboricola, A. saponariae and A. scorzonerae) and voucher specimens of two (A. mali and A. scabiosae) were extremely scarce and deficient. One species (A. confusa) © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 24 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland raised doubts as to its taxonomical status, which could not be resolved based on the available specimens. Details regarding the morphology of conidia-producing structures of many of the species listed here are original and provided for the first time. In cases where Polish literature reports were not associated with corresponding voucher specimens, the species are described based on voucher materials from M, B, WA, WAUF, WRSL, KRA and KRAM reference collections. In the case of Asteromella garrettii, A. helleboricola and A. scorzonerae, the descriptions provided by other authors [5,29,145–147] are presented, since no exsiccata of these species were available for examination. Connections with asexual and sexual morphs are given following Vanev and Aa [10], Aa and Vanev [5], Tomilin [59] and Aptroot [63], unless stated differently. In the worldwide distribution paragraphs, summarized data from several resources [148–155] are supplemented by regional papers, information from original descriptions and own data presented here for the first time. Polyphagous species A single species, Asteromella maculiformis, has been reported in association with host species belonging to diverse families. Worldwide it is known to inhabit leaves of trees from the genera: Castanea, Fagus, Quercus (Fagaceae), Alnus, Betula (Betulaceae), Ulmus (Ulmaceae), Acer (Aceraceae), Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and Prunus (Rosaceae) [148]. In Poland, A. maculiformis was reported on Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Fraxinus and Rhus [139,156]. Except for Betula, these host genera are also associated with at least one other host-specific Asteromella (Phyllosticta) species (Tab. 2). Asteromella maculiformis (Sacc.) Petr. Bot. Jb. 62 (Beibl. 142): 145 (1929). Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc., Michelia 2: 538 (1882). = Phyllosticta betulae Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Archf. Ser. 3,2: 743 (1902), nom. illeg. replaced with Phyllosticta betulicola Vasyag., in Bryzova et al., Flora Spor. Rast. Kazakh. 5,1: 59 (1967). = Phyllosticta betulina Sacca., Michelia 1: 154 (1878). = Phyllosticta bresadolae Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. Fung. 18: 245 (1906), superfl. name Phyllosticta faginea Bres., Hedwigia 39: 326 (1900) Ph. humeriformis Bubák & Kabát, Fungi Imperf. Exs. Fasc. 2 No. 53 (1904). Description. Leaf lesions brownish, circular, limited with leaf veins. Conidiomata hypophyllous, aggregated, 61.8–98.8 µm diam., numerous, black, globose or subglobose, irregular when merged, up to half of the conidiomata protruding above leaf epidermis, with a well-defined papilla, ostiolum up to 17.3 µm diam., surrounded by a ring of darker cells. Conidiophores 1–5-celled, branched at the base, polyphialidic, 10–20 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 5–5.5 × 4.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, straight, 4–5 × 1 µm (Fig. 6). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Alnus incana (L.) Moench: as Phyllosticta cf. maculiformis, Upper Silesia and Cracow Industrial Regions [157]; © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 25 Asteromella maculiformis and other Asteromella species on the same host genera (dimensions in µm). Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Conidioma (diam.) Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. maculiformis 61.8–98.8 1–5-celled; 10–20 × 2.5–4 5–5.5 × 4.5 4–5 × 1 Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Rhus A. alnicola 49.4–98.8 1–3-celled; 10 × 4 4 × 3.5 (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.8–1 Alnus A. fraxini* nd nd nd 5–7 Fraxinus A. gorholtii* 58–70 nd nd 3.5–4.6 × 0.7 Corylus A. rhoina** 40–100 nd 2–6 in diam. 2.5–3.5 × 0.5–1.0 Rhus * According to Vanev and Aa [10]. ** According to Aa and Vanev [5]. nd – no data available. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Tab. 2 26 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland ■ Betula alba L. nom. dub. (= B. pendula or B. pubescens, cf. [158]): near Ciechanów [109]; Konstancin [110]; ■ Betula humilis Schrank: Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Jezioro Długie Reserve, Molinietum coeruleae, coll. W. Mułenko. 21 Oct. 1984, with Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb., LBL M-4060 [128]; ■ Betula pendula Roth: Dobre near Kazimierz Dolny, thicket at chalky slope, coll. B. Sałata, 30 Aug. 1972, with Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson, LBL M-6396; Białowieża National Park, Tilio-Carpinetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Pino-Quercetum, Querco-Pinetum, Peucedano-Pinetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul.–Oct. 1990, with Asteroma leptothyrioides (Kab. et Bub.) B. Sutton, LBL M-23681 [123]; Wieluń Upland, Szachownica Reserve, near the Szachownica cave, lowland acidophilous beech forest, 18 Sep. 1997, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, LOD PF-3586; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, birch thicket, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 19 Oct. 1998, LOD PF-1053 [136]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 56, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, with Asteroma leptothyrioides (Kab. et Bub.) B. Sutton, LBL M-23682 [159]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 262o, glade, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1114; Lasy Spalskie Refuge (PLH100003), Konewka Reserve, forest section 153, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, coll. A. Kotynia, 27 Sep. 2004, LOD PF-2603; Łódź, Lublinek forest complex, deciduous forest edge, coll. & ident. E. Połeć, LOD PF-3699; ■ Betula pubescens Ehrh.: Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Durne Bagno Reserve, Sphagnetum medium [128]; Wola near Pszczyna, Molinio-Pinetum, coll. & ident. A. Myszka, 11 Oct. 2006, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-2937; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, mixed forest, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF3587 [140]; ■ Castanea sativa Mill.: Łódź, Źródłowa Str., park, coll. M. Michalski, 21 Oct. 2004, with Phyllosticta castaneae Ellis & Everh, LOD PF-509; ■ Corylus colurna L.: Przelewice near Szczecin [160]; ■ Fagus sylvatica L.: Dąbroszyn near Gorzów Wielkopolski coll. P. Vogel, 28 Nov. 1939, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3343, KRA F-1939-70 and KRA F-1939-71; Cracow, Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University, coll. J. Kućmierz, 25 Jul. 2005, KRA-AR; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, mixed forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1114 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Złoty Potok, forest section 271a, deciduous forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 29 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1083 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Dąbrowa forest district, Melico-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 29 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1078 and LOD PF-1070, both reported in [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, 24 Aug. 1998, LOD PF-1081, same locality and collector, Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum, 22 Aug. 1998, LOD PF-1082 and 22 Sep. 1999, LOD PF-1080, all reported in [136]; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, forest roadside, coll. & ident. E. Połeć, 7 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3697; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest Reserve, Tilio-Carpinetum calamagrostietosum, forest path, coll. K. Brózio, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3664; Bukowa Gróra Reserve near Przedbórz, beech forest, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, 10 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3695; ■ Fraxinus americana L.: Przelewice near Szczecin [160]; ■ Rhus typhina L.: Przelewice near Szczecin [160]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 27 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland f c a g e b d k i h j Fig. 6 Asteromella maculiformis. a–g Symptoms of infection of diverse hosts. a Phyllosticta bresadolae on Fagus sylvatica var. atropurpurea (KRA F-1939-71). b Ph. bresadolae on Fagus sylvatica (KRA-AR). c Ph. betulina on Betula pendula (LOD PF-2603). d Ph. faginea on Fagus sylvatica (KRA F-1939-70). e Ph. betulae on Betula humilis (LBL M-4060). f A. maculiformis on Castanea vesca (B 700014744). g Ph. maculiformis on Castanea vesca (B 700015101). h–k Microscopic structures (LOD PF-1053, as Phyllosticta betulina). h Mature conidiomata. i Conidiomatal papilla. j Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. k Conidia. Scale bars: a–g 1 cm; h,i 20 µm; j,k 10 µm.. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 28 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Notes. Phyllosticta maculiformis was wrongly cited as reported from Poland by Diedicke [139]. The concerned locality of Diedicke’s [96] record was “Tiefensee bei Werneuchen” that is in fact in Germany. Asteromella maculiformis was also reported from two other localities: from Skierniewice on Fraxinus excelsior L. [108] and from Słowiński National Park (= Phyllosticta betulina) [142,161]. The corresponding specimen from Skierniewice from WAUF comprises of leaves of Sambucus sp. parasitized by Asteromella ebuli (Fuckel) Moesz (see the entry at this species). In the specimen from Słowiński National Park (on Betula pubescens Ehrh., Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum, Oct. 2003, coll. I. Adamska, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin) only Coniothyrium olivaceum Bonord. was found. Additional specimens studied. ALGERIA. Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc. f. quercus on Quercus ilex L., near Oran, autumn 1884, Roumeguère, Fungi Sel. Gall. Exs., No. 3347, B 700015100. CZECH REPUBLIC. Asteromella maculiformis (Sacc.) Petr. on Castanea, Hranice, Park der Militär-Oberrealschule, coll. J. (?) Petrak, Oct. 1919, Poelt & Scheuer, Reliqu. Petrak. 933, M-0142469. GERMANY. Phyllosticta faginea Bres. n. sp. on Fagus sylvatica L., Nationalpark Sächsische Sweitz, Krinitzschal, Grosser Witerberge Mt., coll. Krieger, Oct. 1896, Krieger, Fungi Saxon. Exs. No. 1633, WRSL. FRANCE. Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc. on Castanea vesca L., Alsace, Wasselonne (orig. Elsass: Wasselnheim), coll. A. Ludwig, 30 Oct. 1914, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 1356, WRSL; as Asteromella maculiformis (Sacc.) Ruppr. on Castanea vesca L., Alsace, Wasselonne (orig. Wasselnheim), Wangenberg, coll. A. Ludwig, ident. H. Rupprecht, 23 Oct. 1914, Flora vom Elsass, B 700014744. ITALY. Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc. on Castanea vesca L., Southern Tirol, Meran, coll. Černý, ident. Fr. Bubák, 9 Sep. 1903, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 101, B 700015099; Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc. (on Castanea vesca L., not indicated at the label), near Trento, coll. J. Bresadola, autumn, spring, no year indicated, Roumeguère, Fungi Sel. Gall. Exs., No. 2537, B 700015101. LATVIA. Phyllosticta betulina Sacc. on Betula sp., Skrīveri, Prov. Vidzeme, coll. K. Starcs, 25 Sep. 1932, Herbarium K. Starcs. Riga, Latviae, No. 138i, B 700015067. SWITZERLAND. Phyllosticta betulina Sacc. on Betula pendula Roth, Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 7 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3588 [162]; Phyllosticta bresadolae Sacc. & D. Sacc. on Fagus sylvatica L., same locality, Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 7 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3589. World distribution. Algeria, Austria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Some authors (see below) consider Asteromella maculiformis to be the spermatial state of Ramularia endophylla Verkley & U. Braun [= Mycosphaerella punctiformis (Pers.) Starbäck]; however, this remains unproven experimentally. The species has been repeatedly reported as occurring in Poland [142,163]. Recently, R. endophylla has been proven to constitute the species complex and two polyphagous species (Ramularia vizellae Crous, R. unterseheri Videira & Crous) have been distinguished, based on a multi-gene approach [66]. Ramularia endophylla s. str. is restricted to Quercus and Castanea hosts. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 29 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Notes. The position of A. maculiformis (= Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc.) and the listed synonyms is ambiguous. Some authors consider it to be the microconidial state of polyphagous Mycosphaerella punctiformis (Pers.) Stärback [= M. maculiformis (Pers.) J. Schroet.] (see [49]); this, however, was questioned by Aa and Vanev [5]. Following Tomilin’s [59] opinion, they point out that there is no confirmation of a link between A. maculiformis and M. punctiformis, which is only one of the 12 Mycosphaerella species occurring on Castanea (type host of Ph. maculiformis). However, the same authors [5] accept synonymous Ph. humeriformis, Ph. betulae and Ph. betulina as part of M. punctiformis life cycle. Assuming the identity of these anamorphs, priority should have been given to the name Phyllosticta betulina Saccardo. Host-specific species The following list is arranged according to the plant family of the host species. In cases where more than one Asteromella species is associated with a specific host family, the table with main characters allowing to differentiate species is provided. Aceraceae Single species has been reported in Poland on Acer. Asteromella platanoidis (Sacc.) Petr. Hedwigia 65. 254 (1925). Phyllosticta platanoidis Sacc., Michelia 1: 360 (1879). = Phyllosticta tambowiensis Bubák & Serebrian., Hedwigia 52: 266 (1912). Description. Leaf lesions polygonal, pale brown, limited with main leaf veins or diffuse, surrounding tissue discoloured, yellow. Conidiomata dark grey to black, evenly distributed in the tissue or in dense groups, amphigenous (better visible at the lower side), globose, (49.4–)74.1–123.5 µm in diam. or elliptic, 68.1–74.1 × 74.1–98.8 µm, ostiolum not always present, up to 36.3 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–4-celled, 5–20 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose or subglobose, mostly 4–5 µm in diam or cylindrical to conical 5.5 × 2.5 µm. Conidia in gelatinuous mass, rod-shape, 2.5–4(4.5) × 0.5–1 µm (Fig. 7). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Acer campestre L.: vicinity of Puławy [111]; ■ Acer negundo L.: Biebrza National Park, Sośnia village, roadside, coll. & ident. M. Dynowska & E. Sucharzewska, deposited in the Fungal Collection of Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ■ Acer platanoides L.: Białowieża Primeval Forest, Zwierzyniec, Siemaszko, Fungi Bialowiez. Exs., No. 173, coll. W. Siemaszko, Aug. 1923, KRA F-1923-56; Niepruszewo, Grodzisk Wielkopolski district, park [164,165]; Bug River Valley, Derło near Janów © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 30 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d c e a f b Fig. 7 Asteromella platanoidis on diverse hosts. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a Ph. tambowiensis on Acer pseudoplatanus (LOD PF-3665). b Ph. platanoidis on Acer platanoides (KRA F-1923-56). c–f Microscopic structures (KRAM F-10303). c Conidiomata. d Ostiolum. e Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 1 cm; c 20 μm; d 10 μm; e,f 10 μm. Podlaski, Neple near Terespol, forest [133]; Białowieża National Park, oak-hornbeam forest, Tilio-Carpinteum, Circaeo-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 6 Oct. 1989, LBL M-23683 [123]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 19 and stand No. 42, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23684 and LBL M-23738 [159]; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, oak forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Oct. 2007, co-occurring with Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.) Homma, LOD PF-3591; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, near a bus terminus, deciduous forest, 10 Oct. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3590; ■ Acer pseudoplatanus L.: Poznań, Dendrological Garden [165]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 50, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23685 [159]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest district 273g, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 18 Sep. 2003, LOD PF-3031; same locality and collector, 8 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3665; same locality and collector, 15 May 2005, LOD PF-3690; same locality and collector, 10 Oct. 2005, LOD PF-3691; Łódź, Łódź-Widzew housing estate, park, coll. D. Papierz, 12 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3681; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, near the forest parking, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 28 Aug. 2007, LOD PF-3707; ■ Acer sp.: no locality [114]; ■ Acer tataricum L.: Bydgoszcz, IHAR Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski, 29 Sep. 1960, WA 28509; Łódź, municipal park, mixed forest, coll. D. Papierz, 12 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3031. Additional specimens studied. BELARUS. Phyllosticta platanoidis Sacc. on Acer platanoides L., Dworzec, Łuniniec district, Polesie, coll. H. Jur.(aszkówna?), 20 Sep. 1930, WA 21972. CZECH REUBLIC. Asteromella platanoidis Sacc. on Acer campestre (?), Hranice, coll. Petrak, 1925, B 700015184. GERMANY. Phyllosticta platanoidis Sacc. on Acer platanoides © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 31 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland L., Schandauer Kurtgarten, coll. W. Krieger, 17 Oct. 1897, Krieger, Fungi Saxon. Exs., No. 1635, WRSL; Phyllosticta platanoidis Sacc. on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Bredower Forst near Nauen, Brandenburg, coll. H. Sydow, 13 Oct. 1909, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 912, KRAM F-10303 and WRSL; as Phyllosticta acericola Mig. sp. nov. on Acer platanoides L., Thüringen, Eisenach, at Madelstein, coll./ident. W. Migula, rev. H. Rupprecht, W. Migula, 17 Sep. 1933, Migula, Krypt. Germ., Austr. Helv. Exs. (Pilze), Fasc. 56 and 57, No. 392, B 700015181; Asteromella platanoidis (Sacc.) Petr. on Acer platanoides L., Oberförsterei Kunersdorf, Kr. Zauch-Belzig, leg. E. Fahrendorff, 4 Sep. 1938, Flora der Mark Brandenburg, No. 541, B 700015182. LATVIA. As Phloeospora apatela (Allesch.) Moesz & Smarods on Acer platanoides L., Krāslava, near Latgale, coll./ident. K. Starcs, rev. H. Rupprecht, 10 Oct. 1938, Herbarium K. Starcs. Riga, Latvia, No. 6170, B 700015183; Asteromella platanoidis (Sacc.) Petr. on Acer platanoides L., Auce, Auce district, prov. Zemgale, m. Oct. 1938, Petrak, Crypt. Exs., No. 3540, B 700015185; Asteromella platanoidis (Sacc.) Petr. on Acer platanoides L., Gauja National Park, vicinity of Krimulda, mixed forest, 24 Sep. 2005, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, LOD PF-3592. UKRAINE. Phyllosticta platanoidis Sacc. on Acer negundo L., Podhorec, Stryj district, Lviv, Zbiory (?) 1932, with handnote “from the Garbowski’s collection”, WA 21973. World distribution. Belarus, Bulgaria [166], China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine (Zaleszczyki near Tarnopol [102]), USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Two species were synonymized under the name A. platanoidis [167] that differ in size of conidia, namely Ph. platanoidis (3 × 0.5 µm) and Ph. tambowiensis (4–7.5 × 1 µm). In a single collection (LOD PF-3031), the conidia of both size ranges occurred in two conidiomata on a single leaf. Adoxaceae Single species has been reported in Poland on Adoxa. Asteromella adoxicola (Lasch) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. MycoBank No. MB 818106. Basionym: Depazea adoxaecola Lasch, Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. Ed. No. 1648 (1850). = Phyllosticta adoxae Seaver, N. Am. Fl. 6, 1: 65 (1922). Description. Leaf lesions yellowish, irregular, without margin, becoming pale to medium brown with age. Conidiomata very scarce, spread in leaf spots, dark black, globose, 64–108.1 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 48.4 µm in diam. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells scarce or not well preserved, globose, 3.4–4 µm in diam. Conidia in very viscous mass, rodshaped, slightly curved, 5–6 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 8). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 32 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland e a c b d Fig. 8 Asteromella adoxicola on Adoxa moschatellina (Depazea adoxaecola, lectotype, WRSL). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 20 μm; c 10 μm; d,e 10 μm. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Adoxa moschatellina L.: as Depazea adoxaecola Lasch, Drezdenko, Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. Ed., No. 1648 coll. Lasch, WRSL, lectotype designated here; as Asteromella sp., Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 16 Jul. 1998, LOD PF-1923, [136]; as Asteromella sp., same locality and collector, 25 Jul. 1999, LOD PF-1933, [136]; same locality and collector, 7 May 2004, LOD PF-3685. Notes. In the scarce material of LOD PF-1923 and LOD PF-1933 no Asteromella conidiomata are present although they are preserved in the corresponding permanent slides. In addition, in both specimens the presence of a Phoma species was revealed, forming brown conidiomata, 98.8–172.9 µm in diam., with black apex and ostiolum up to 3.7 µm in diam., conidiogenous cells globose, up to 4 µm long, conidia elliptical to cylindrical, (4–)5.4–7.3 × 1.5–2 µm. World distribution. Poland, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. The only mycosphaerellaean species on Adoxaceae species is Sphaerella adoxae Fuckel [63], described from Germany in association with Ramularia adoxae (Rabenh.) P. Karst. (= Fusidium adoxae Rabenh.) The latter was reported in Poland from a few localities [168]. Apiaceae Five Asteromella species have been reported on five genera of Apiaceae in Poland (Tab. 3). Four species, A. aegopodii, A. cicutae, A. huubii and A. pleurospermi, are very similar morphologically, while A. chaerophylli, has considerably smaller conidia. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 33 Asteromella species on Apiaceae (dimensions in µm). Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. aegopodii (98.8–)123.5–220 or up to 197 × 271 1–2-celled; 6–12 × (2–)3–4 5–6 × 2.5 (3.5–)4–5.5 × (0.7–)1–1.5(–1.7) Aegopodium A. chaerophylli Up to 104 × 144 1–2-celled; 8–9 × 4–5 5×4 2–2.5 × 0.9–1 Chaerophyllum, Heracleum A. cicutae 74.1–111.2 1–6-celled; 5–20 × 2–4 (4.5–)5–5.5 × (2–)2.5–3 4–4.5(–5) × 1 Cicuta A. huubii 98.8–104.1 1-celled; 7–12 × 2.5–4 5.5–6 × 2.5–4 4–4.5 × 1(–1.3) Angelica A. pleurospermi 42–49.4 × 74.1–123.5 1-celled; 6–8 × 4 4.5–5.5 × 2–4.5 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.2 Pleurospermum Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Tab. 3 34 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella aegopodii (Curr.) Petr. Sydowia 4: 25 (1950). Phyllosticta aegopodii (Curr.) Allesch., Hedwigia 34: 256 (1895). Sphaeria aegopodii Curr., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 332 (1859). Description. Leaf lesions small, pale, whitish, later confluent and covering larger parts of the leaf. Conidiomata dark brown to black, single or aggregating in groups composed of conidiomata in diverse state of maturing, papillate, globose to multiform, (98.8–)123–220 µm in diam. or up to 197 × 271 µm, ostiolum regular, surrounded with ring of dark cells at the leaf surface, up to 37 µm in diam., mostly 24.7 µm. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 6–12 × (2–)3–4 µm, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells 5–6 × 2.5 µm. Conidia in viscous mass, rodshaped, straight, (3.5–)4–5.5 × (0.7–)1–1.5(–1.7) µm (Fig. 9). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Aegopodium podagraria L.: Ciechocińska Lowland, coll. K. Rouppert, Sep. 1907, with Septoria podagrariae Lasch, KRA F-1907-71 [104]; Hrubieszów, garden, coll. S. Waśniewski, 19 Aug. 1911, KRAM F-7936 [169]; Żółków, coll. A. Wodziczko, Sep. 1910, KRAM F-7935 [170]; Sikornik, Panieńskie Skały, Bielany, Tyniec near Cracow, coll. B. Namysłowski, 16 Jul., without year, with Septoria podagrariae Lasch, KRAM F-7937 [102,103]; Jasło, coll. A. Wodziczko, 20 Sep. 1909, with Septoria podagrariae Lasch, KRAM F-7938; Kazimierz nad Wisłą, coll. W. Konopacka, 28 Sep. 1923, WAUF [171]; Białowieża Primeval Forest, coll. W. Siemaszko, Aug. 1923, Siemaszko, Fungi Bialowiez. Exs., Centuria 2, No. d b e a c f h g Fig. 9 Asteromella aegopodii on Aegopodium podagraria. a–d Symptoms of host infection. a,d (LOD PF-1119). b (KRAM F-7935). c (KRA F-1923-55). e–h Microscopic structures. e Dense group of conidiomata. f Ostiola. g Conidiogenous cells. h Conidia. Scale bars: a–d 1 cm; e 120 μm; f 50 μm; g,h 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 35 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 172, KRA F-1923-55 [107]; Łódź, municipal forest, coll. H. Juraszkówna, 25 Oct. 1931, WA 21880; Samostrzel near Nakło nad Notecią, coll. A. Michalski, 20 Aug. 1954, WA 28508 [115]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Długie Lake, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 19 Sep. 1983, LBL M-23686 [128]; Bug River Valley, Derło, forest, Sep.–Oct. [133]; Bug River Valley, Janów Podlaski, Wygoda, coll. M. Danilkiewicz, 5 Oct. 1980, LBL M-23687 [133]; Roztocze National Park [172,173]; Częstochowa Upland, road between Janów and Złoty Potok, mixed forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 29 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1111; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 274a, beech forest, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1119 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 273d, beech forest, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1039 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Janów, mixed forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 16 Jul. 1998, LOD PF-1110 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, Carici-Fagetum, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 24 Aug. 1999, LOD PF-1087 [136]; Łódź, Kopcińskiego Str., roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 15 Sep. 1996, LOD PF-495; Łódź City, J. Piłsudski Culture and Recreation Park, park lawn, coll./ident. E. Połeć, 16 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3593; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, deciduous forest, glade, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. MRM, LOD PF-3594; Silesian Upland, Jaworzno-Wygoda, near the Zbiornik Dziećkowice artificial reservoir, deciduous forest edge, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, 22 Jul. 2016, LOD PF-3666. Notes. Asteromella aegopodii (as Phyllosticta aegopodii) was also erroneously reported on Pimpinella saxifraga L. by Ruszkiewicz-Michalska [136]. This species is often co-occurring with Septoria podagrariae Lasch, in some cases only Septoria conidiomata or ascomatal primordia were observed (KRAM F-7937, KRAM F-7938; LOD PF-1119). In a specimen WA 28508 Asteromella and Septoria spores occurred in a single conidioma. Additional specimens examined. AUSTRIA. Phyllosticta aegopodii (Curr.) Allesch. on Aegopodium podagraria L., Salisburia, pr. Grödig, m. Oct., coll. J. Dörfler, det. F. Petrak, with Septoria podagrariae Lasch and Mycosphaerella podagrariae (Roth.) Petr., Petrak, Crypt. Exs., No. 3287, B 700015058. GERMANY. Phyllosticta aegopodii (Curr.) Allesch. on Aegopodium podagraria L., Brandenburg: Kremmen, Kreis Osthavelland, 16 Sep. 1941, coll. H. Sydow, with Mycosphaerella podagrariae (Roth.) Petr., Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3555. KRA F-1941-190. LATVIA. Asteromella aegopodii (Curr.) Petr. on Aegopodium podagraria L., Gauja National Park, vicinity of Krimulda, mixed forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 24 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3595. LITHUANIA. “Phyllosticta aegopodii All.” on Aegopodium podagraria L., Blinstrubiszki, Kowno district, coll. E. Janczewski, summer 1897, KRAM F-7939. UKRAINE. “Phyllosticta aegopodii All.”, Eastern Carpathians, Zawojela near Kolomya, coll. B. Namysłowski, Jul. 1907, with Septoria podagrariae Lasch, KRAM F-7940 [102,103]. World distribution. Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain (Scotland), Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria podagrariae Lasch, Mycosphaerella aegopodii Potebnia [63]. Both known from Poland [174]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 36 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Notes. The most probably Septoria podagrariae Lasch is the proper name for the species as the spores of Asteromella and Septoria morphs are observed as produced in the same conidioma. The verification of the type or secondary collection that was the base of Allescher’s reallocation of Sphaeria aegopodii Curr. into Phyllosticta is necessary for the final decision. Asteromella chaerophylli (C. Massal.) Petr. Annals mycol. 38: 264 (1940). Phyllosticta chaerophylli C. Massal., Memorie Accad. Agric. Sci. Verona 65: 83 (1889). = Phyllosticta stevenii Gucevič, Izv. Akad. Nauk Armyan. SSR. Biol. Nauki 15(12): 72 (1962). Description. Leaf lesions up to 2–3 cm, roundish, greyish, with irregular edge, without margin. Conidiomata single, pale brown, up to 104 × 144 µm, immersed in the leaf spots and beyond them. Conidiophores 1-celled, 8–9 × 4–5 µm. Conidigenous cells scarce, cylindrical, 5 × 4 µm. Conidia cylindrical, 2–2.5 × 0.9–1 µm (Fig. 10). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Chaerophyllum aromaticum L.: Zagościniec, coll. S. Waśniewski, 2 Sep. 1911, KRAM F-8953; ■ Heracleum sibiricum L.: as Phyllosticta sp., Bydgoszcz, Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski (?), 20 Aug. 1949, WA 28519; ■ Heracleum sphondylium L.: Częstochowa Upland, Złoty Potok forest district, forest section 263a, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 20 Oct. 1998, accompanied by a 1–2-celled Phoma species, LOD PF-1075 [136]; Gorce National Park, near Jaszcze Małe, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 12 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3596. Notes. This species was also reported from teo other localities but it was not confirmed in the corresponding exsiccata. In the material from Skierniewice [108] (park, Chaerophyllum b d c a Fig. 10 Asteromella chaerophylli on Heracleum sibiricum (WA 28519). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 μm; c,d 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 37 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland aromaticum, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. Z. Zweigbaumówna, 6 Sep. 1924, WAUF) only immature ascomata and Septoria spores in the Asteromella-like conidiomata are present. In the re-examined specimen of Ruszkiewicz-Michalska’s [136] record (Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 274g, roadside, Heracleum sphondylium L., coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 23 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1041) only a Phoma species was revealed (conidiomata pale brown, up to 185.3 µm diam., ostiolum up to 7.41 µm, with ring of darker cells, conidia 1-celled, of various shapes, from ovoid to cylindrical, mostly curved, 5–7.4 × 2.5 µm). World distribution. Armenia, Germany [176], Italy, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella morthieri (Fuckel) Petr., not reported from Poland [163]. Asteromella cicutae (Lind) Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 144 (2002). Phyllosticta cicutae Lind, Annals Mycol. 5: 275 (1907). Description. Leaf lesions irregular, oblong, yellowish, with indefinite margins. Conidiomata brown to black, evenly distributed in leaf spots or aggregated, papillate, emerged above the epidermis (1/3 to 1/2 of the conidioma), 74.1–111.2 µm in diam., ostiolum irregular, 12.3–29.6 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–6-celled, the longer conidiophores branched at the base, 5–20 × 2–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells (4.5–)5–5.5 × (2–)2.5–3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, mostly straight, rarely slightly curved, 4–4.5(–5) × 1 µm (Fig. 11). e b d a c Fig. 11 Asteromella cicutae on Heracleum sibiricum (LBL M-23689). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 10 μm; c 20 μm; d,e 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 38 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Cicuta virosa L.: as Phyllosticta sp., Sobibór, alder forest, coll. W. Mułenko, 26 Oct. 1982, with Ramularia cicutae Karst., LBL M-23689; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Durne Bagno Reseve, Carici elongatae-Alnetum [128]; Białowieża National Park, V-100 plot, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 4 Oct. 1989, LBL M-23690 [123]. Additional specimen studied. DENMARK. Phyllosticta cicutae Lind on Cicuta virosa L., Jutlandia, Rindsholm prope Viborg, coll. J. Lind, 11 Oct. 1904, Vestergren, Micromyc. Rar. Sel. Praec. Scand., No. 1339, isotype, with note by van der Aa (“Asteromella spermatial state of Mycosphaerella spec., from which the unripe ascomata occur in the same spots; March 1977”), B 700015074. World distribution. Denmark, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella huubii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska nom. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552451. = Asteromella angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres, Mems Soc. Broteriana 14: 6 (1961), nom. illegit., Art. 53.1 (replaced synonym); non Asteromella angelicae Sawada, Bull. Govt Forest Exp. Stn Meguro 105: 46 (1958). Phyllosticta angelicae Sacc., Michelia 2 (No. 8): 621 (1882). Etymology: in reference to Huub van der Aa, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the systematics of coelomycetous fungi. Description. Leaf lesions small, first pale, whitish, leaf vein-limited, later drying, confluent and covering larger parts of the leaf, very similar to symptoms caused by Asteromella aegopodii. Conidiomata rigid, dark brown to black, rarely single, mainly in dense groups and then connected with pale brown hyphae, papillate, globose to multiform, 98.8–104.1 µm in diam., ostiolum regular, surrounded with ring of dark cells at the leaf surface, up to 53.2 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 7–12 × 2.5–4 µm, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells 5.5–6 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidia in viscous mass, rod-shaped, straight, 4–5.5 × 1(–1.3) µm (Fig. 12). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Angelica sylvestris L: Pieniny Mts, road from Krościenko to Sokolica, swampy meadows, coll. J. Kućmierz, 15 Sep. 1973 [126]. Notes. The species was also reported from valleys of two rivers: Noteć [115] and Bug [132], but it was not confirmed in the corresponding specimens. In one of the specimens from Noteć River valley [Anieliny, meadows, coll. A. Michalski (?), 1972, WA 28505, [115]] no anamorphic fungus was found. In the second specimen [Samostrzel, Anieliny, wet meadows, drainage ditches, thickets, coll. A. Michalski (?), 2 Aug. 1972, WA 28516, [115]] only a Phoma species is present. Young stromata and single sporodochia of Passalora depressa (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. are only present in the material from Bug River Valley (Melnik, Górza Zamkowa Hill, thicket, coll. W. Mułenko, 1 Nov. 1980, LBL M-23688 [132]). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 39 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland e b d a c Fig. 12 Asteromella huubii on Angelica sylvestris. a Symptoms of host infection (M-0142485). b–e Microscopic structures (KRA-AR). b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 50 μm; c 10 μm; d,e 5 μm. World distribution. China [175], France, Germany [176], Italy, Russia [177], Ukraine [150], USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. According to Saccardo [178], Phyllosticta angelicae is a spermatial stage of Phyllachora angelicae (Fr.) Fuckel, synonym of M. acilegna M. Morelet [nom. nov. for Mycosphaerella angelicae (Fr.) Petr.]. Asteromella pleurospermi (Died.) Petr. Sydowia 13: 82 (1959). Phyllosticta pleurospermi Died., Hedwigia 42: 165 (1903). Description. Leaf lesions dark brown to black, oblong, margined, darker along the leaf veins, the veins are lighter than normal ones. Conidiomata abundant, in dense groups, brown to black, mostly elliptic, 42–49.4 × 74.1–123.5 µm, ostiolum up to 12.3 µm. Conidiophores 1-celled, 6–8 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to subglobose, 4.5–5.5 × 2–4.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 13). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm.: Tatry Mts, Dolina Białego, mountain grassland on roadside, 960 m a.s.l., coll. A. Wołczańska, 17 Sep. 1992, LBL M-23691 [131,179,180]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 40 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c e a d Fig. 13 Asteromella pleurospermi on Pleurospermum austriacum (LBL M-23691). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 μm; c 10 μm; d,e 5 μm. Additional specimen studied. GERMANY. Asteromella pleurospermi (Died.) Ruppr. on Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm., Thüringen, Sieger near Erfurt, coll. H. Diedicke, rev. H. Ruppr., 29 Oct. 1902, isotype, B 700015187. World distribution. Germany, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Araceae Single species has been reported in Poland on Acorus. Asteromella acorella (Sacc. & Penz.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 10 (1959). Phyllosticta acorella Sacc. & Penz., Michelia 2: 620 (1882). Description. Leaf lesions pale brown, oblong to multiform, limited with leaf veins. Conidiomata in rows, often adhering to leaf veins, and often beyond the leaf stomata, oval, 74–112 × 74–62 µm, ostiolum lacking. Conidiophores 1-celled, 10–12 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 4.7–5.2 × 3.5–4 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3.5–4 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 14). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 41 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland c e b d a Fig. 14 Asteromella acorella on Acorus calamus (LOD PF-3597). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 μm; c 10 μm; d,e 5 μm. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Acorus calamus L.: Skierniewice, Zwierzyniec, coll. W. Siemaszko, 9 Oct. 1921, WAUF [108]; Nowosolna, Kamińska Str., at a pond, coll. M. Michalski, 8 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3597. Additional specimens examined. GERMANY. Asteromella acorella (Sacc. & Penz.) H. Ruppr. on Acorus calamus, Kr. Siegen, im Burgholdinghausen, 19 Sep. 1927, coll. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, Herbarium A. Ludwig, Flora von Westfalen, B 700015147. World distribution. Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Russia [177]. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Araliaceae Single species has been reported in Poland on Hedera. Asteromella hederae C. Massal. Atti Inst. Veneto Sci. Lett. ed Arti 59(2): 684 (1900). Description. Leaf lesions circular, dried, up to 5–7 mm in diam., brown near the edge, whitish toward the centre, zonated, limited with convex margin, tissue around the spots yellowed. Conidiomata black, shiny, evenly distributed in the cental part of leaf spot and in concentric lines at its periphery, amphigenous, more abundant on the upper leaf surface, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 42 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 86.5–111.2 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 19.8 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 8–10 × 3.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to conical, 4.5–5 × 3.5–4 µm. Conidia cylindrical to rod-shaped, (2.5–)3–3.5 × 1–1.3 µm (Fig. 15). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Hedera helix L.: Bydgoszcz, IHAR Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski, 10 Apr. 1957, WA 18341 [116]; Częstochowa Upland, Dąbrowa forest district, Carici-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 23 Sep. 1999, LOD PF-2031 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 273g, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 15 May 2005, LOD PF-3598. Notes. The species was reported from Poland [139] as Asteromella hederae (Sacc. & Roum.) Petr., a homonym replaced with A. hederacea Petr. However, the corresponding specimen LOD PF-2031 does not exactly match this species. All Polish specimens are classified into A. hederae C. Massal. (conidia 2–3 × 1 µm) as currently noted spore dimensions are closer to this species than to A. hederacea Petr. (4 × 1 µm), although the difference in size is small. The dimensions observed in Polish (WA 18341, LOD PF-2031, LOD PF-3598) and Turkish (M-0142468, see below) specimens were intermediate (see above). Verification of types is necessary to establish whether A. hederae and A. hederaceae are not congeneric. The record of Diedicke [96] erroneously included by Ruszkiewicz-Michalska [139] into distributional data of Asteromella hederae (Sacc. & Roum.) Petr. concerns Phyllosticta hedericola Durieu & Mont. [= Boeremia hedericola (Durieu & Mont.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley]. b a c d Fig. 15 Asteromella hederae on Hedera helix (LOD PF-3598). a Symptoms of host infection. b Ostiolar part of conidioma, conidia visible inside. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 10 μm; c,d 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 43 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens examined. TURKEY. Asteromella hederae (Sacc. & Roum.) Petr. on Hedera helix L., Istanbul, coll. H. Bremu (?), Nov. 1945, F. Petrak Pilzherbarium, M-0142468. World distribution. Austria, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sicily, Sweden [181], Switzerland, Turkey [182], Ukraine, USA, former USSR, former Yugoslavia. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteraceae Seven Asteromella species have been reported on eight genera of Asteraceae in Poland. No significant differences in morphology could distinguish these species (Tab. 4). Asteromella austriaca (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 11: 426 (1957). Phyllosticta austriaca Sacc., Malpighia 11: 305 (1897). = Phyllosticta aronici Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 3 (1884). = Phyllosticta doronicigena Bubák, Növeny. Közl. 6(4): 37 (1907). Asteromella doronicigena (Bubák) Petr., in Murashk. & Ziling, Mater. Pilzfl. Altaj & Sajany: 20 (1929). Description. Leaf lesions initially small, later expanding up to 2–3 cm, vein-limited, brown, blackening with age, leaf tissue overgrown with mycelium composed of brown, branched hyphae, which intertwine to form pseudoplectenchymatic stroma; lesions densly filled with conidiomata. Conidiomata mainly epiphyllous, immersed in host tissue, in very dense groups, often fused, globose to multiform, conformed to leaf veins limiting the lesion, brown, blackening with age, 98.8–172.9 µm in diam., with indistinct ostiolum, up to 37.1 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–6-celled, branched at the base, 10–32 × 4–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose, 5 × 5.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3.5–5 × 1–1.2(–1.5) µm (Fig. 16). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Doronicum clusii (All.) Tausch.: Tatry Mts, Błyszcz, coll. K. Rouppert, Aug. 1909, KRAM F-7944 [102,106,117]. Additional specimens examined. AUSTRIA. Asteromella austriaca (Sacc.) Ruppr. on Doronicum clusii (All.) W. D. J. Koch, Obere Mädelalpe, coll. C. Haussknecht, ident. Ludwig & Rupprecht (?), 6 Aug. 1893, B 700015150. HUNGARY. Asteromella doronicigena (Bubák) Petr. on Doronicum austriacum Jacq., Budapest, May 1926, coll. G. v. Moesz, with Passalora aronici (Sacc.) Petr., F. Petrak Pilzherbarium, M-0142467. ITALY. Phyllosticta aronici Sacc. on Aronicum clusii (All.) W. D. J. Koch, Gressoney St. Jean (Aosta), coll. A. Carestia, Sep. 1898, Saccardo, Mycoth. Ital., No. 540, B 700015066. SLOVAKIA. Phyllosticta aronici Sacc. on Aronicum clusii (All.) W. D. J. Koch, Tatra Mts, Staroleśna Valley, coll. K. Rouppert, Sep. 1909, KRAM F-7943 [102,106,117]. TURKEY. Phyllosticta aronici (Fuck.) Sacc. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 44 Tab. 4 Asteromella species on Asteraceae (dimensions in µm). Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. austriaca 98.8–172.9 1–6-celled; 10–32 × 4–5 5 × 5.5 3.5–5 × 1–1.2(–1.5) Doronicum A. carlinae 49.4–98.8 1–2-celled; 7–8 × 2.5–3 5–6.5 × 3–3.6 3.5–4.5 × (0.8–)1–1.2 Carlina A. corcontica 61.8–111.2 1-celled; 5–9 × 3–4 5.7–7.2 × 3–4 (2.8–)4(–5.5) × (0.6–)0.8–1 Hieracium A. eupatoriicola 65–104 1-celled; 7–9 × 3 4.4–5.2(–6) × (2.2–)2.7–3 2.5–3.5(–4) × (0.6–)0.8–1 Eupatorium A. petasitidis 61.8–111.2 1–3-celled; 7–15 × 3.5 4.5–5.7 × 3–3.5 3.5–4 × 1 Petasites A. scorzonerae* 60.5–100 - nd 3.5 × 1 Scorzonera A. senecionis-nemorensis 123.5–135.9 1–2-celled; 6–12 × 3–4.5 4.5–5.9 × 3–4.5 4.5–5 × 1–1.2 Senecio * Species included into insufficiently-studied and doubtful species (Chapter 4.5). nd – no data available. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 45 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b a c d e Fig. 16 Asteromella austriaca on Aronicum clusii. a Symptoms of host infection (B 700015066). b–e Microscopic structures. b Conidiomata. c Hyphae at leaf tissue. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 20 µm; c–e 5 µm. on Doronicum caucasicum M. Bieb., Lydia, in regione pinetorum montis “Takhtalidagh” ditionis urbis “Smyrna”, 26 May 1906, coll. J. Bornmüller & P. Magnus, Bornmüller, Pl. Lyd. Cariae Exs., No. 9981, WRSL; Phyllosticta aronici (Fuck.) Sacc. on Doronicum caucasicum M. Bieb., Phrygia: Akscheher (Wilajet Konia), in regione alpina montis Sultandagh, coll. J. Bornmüller & P. Magnus, 16 Jun. 1899, J. Bornmüller: Iter Anatolicum tertium, 1899, No. 2043, WRSL. UKRAINE. Phyllosticta aronici (Fuck.) Sacc. on Aronicum clusii (All.) W. D. J. Koch (as Doronicum columnae Ten.), Czarnohora, Pietros Mt, 1800 m a.s.l., coll. Z. Chmielewski, rev. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1909, KRAM F-8945 [102]; Phyllosticta aronici (Fuck.) Sacc. on Doronicum austriacum Jacq., Czarnohora, Howerla Koźmieska, 1500 m a.s.l., coll. Z. Chmielewski, Sep. 1909, with Fusicladium aronici Sacc., KRAM F-7945. World distribution. Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia (Velická Dolina [117]), Turkey, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella aronici Volkart, unknown in Poland [163]. Asteromella carlinae Petr. Annals Mycol. 25: 270 (1927). = Phyllosticta carlinae Unamuno, Asoc. Españ. Progr. Cienc. Congr. Lisboa: 39 (1932). Description. Leaf lesions are lacking. Mycelium brown to dark brown, immersed in the host tissue, hyphae branched, slightly geniculate, 3.6–4.8 µm wide. Conidiomata black, in dense © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 46 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland a b e c d Fig. 17 Asteromella carlinae on Carlina vulgaris (LOD PF-3599). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. groups, immersed in host tissue, covering almost all, systematically inhabited, colourless or pearl grey dead leaves located under inflorescences, 49.4–98.8 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 24.7 µm. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 7–8 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to subglobose, 5–6.5 × 3–3.6 µm. Conidia rod-shaped to cylindrical, 3.5–4.5 × (0.8–)1–1.2 µm (Fig. 17). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Carlina vulgaris L.: Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, Bliskie Lipówki Hill, NE slope of limestone hill, xerothermic grassland, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 27 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1059 [136]; same locality, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 17 Nov. 2011, LOD PF-3599. Additional specimen studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Asteromella carlinae Petr. sp. nov. on Carlina vulgaris L., Mähr. Weisskirchen, Hrabúvka, coll. F. Petrak, Oct. 1926, Petrak, Fl. Bohem. Morav. Exs., Serie II, 1 Abteilung: Pilze, No. 2465, isotype, M-0142465. GERMANY. Asteromella carlinae Petr. on Carlina vulgaris L., near Wetzlar, meadow, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 25 Nov. 2009, LOD PF-3689. World distribution. Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Spain. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella carlinae (G. Winter) Lindau, not reported from Poland [163]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 47 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella corcontica (Kabát & Bubák) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres Mems Soc. Broteriana 14: 12 (1961). Phyllosticta corcontica Kabát & Bubák, Sber. K. böhm. Ges. Wiss. Math.-Naturw. Kl. 11: 2 (1903). Description. Leaf lesions circular or subcircular, pale brown, with distinct, purple to violet, later brownish, thin margin. Conidiomata pale grey to greyish brown or black, scarce, in small groups, 61.8–111.2 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 20 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, 5–9 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to cylindrical, 3–5.7 × (2.5)3–4 µm. Conidia cylindrical or cylindrical-bacterioid, (2.8–)3.5–4(–5.5) × (0.6–)0.8–1 µm (Fig. 18). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Hieracium alpinum L.: Karkonosze Mts, Strzecha Akademicka mountain shelter near Karpacz (orig. Hampelbaude bei Krummhübel), 30 Aug. 1908, coll. H. Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 709, KRAM F-8775; Tatra Mts, Przełęcz Goryczkowa nad Zakosy, alpine grassland, and south facing slope of Sucha Czuba [179,180]; ■ Hieracium lachenalii C. C. Gmel. subsp. cruentifolium (Dahlst. & Lübeck) Zahn (= Hieracium vulgatum Fr.): Tatra Mts, Zakopane, Chyców Potok, in spruce forest, coll. W. Mułenko, 16 Sep. 1987 [131,180,183]; ■ Hieracium murorum L.: Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 24 Jul. 1999, LOD PF-1826 [136]; ■ Hieracium sp.: Western Pomerania, Ińsko Landscape Park, Perłówkowe Buki Reserve, beech forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 7 Sep. 2007, with Ramularia inaequalis (Preuss) U. Braun, LOD PF-3686; Lasy Spalskie Refuge (PLH100003), Konewka Reserve, c b a e f Fig. 18 Asteromella corcontica on Hieracium spp. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (LOD PF-1826). b (KRAM F- 8775). c–f Microscopic structures (LOD PF-3686). c Group of conidiomata. d Conidioma. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 50 µm; d 10 µm; e,f 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 48 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland coll. A. Łaska-Dziąg, 24 Sep. 2011, LOD PF-3600; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, dune, sand grassland, 30 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Dynowska, ident. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska & E. Sucharzewska, with Ramularia inaequalis (Preuss) U. Braun, deposited in the Fungal Collection of Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ■ Hieracium umbellatum L.: as Phyllosticta hieracii Allesch., Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum, Długie Lake, coll. W. Mułenko, 4 Sep. 1980, LBL M-23692 [123]. Notes. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska [136] reported that species also from Częstochowa Upland, but in the re-examined specimen from LOD (Olsztyn near Częstochowa, Origano-Brachypodietum, on Hieracium pilosella L., coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 21 Jun. 1999, LOD PF-2016) only a Phoma species with ovoid to cylindrical conidia (5 × 3.7 µm) was revealed. Additional specimens studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Phyllosticta corcontica Kabát & Bubák on Hieracium laevigatum subsp. tridentatum (Fr.) Čelak. [= Hieracium tridentatum (Fr.) Fr.], vicinity of Tabor (Böhmen), coll. Fr. Bubák, 1 Aug. 1905, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs. No. 303, B 700015076. SWITZERLAND. Asteromella corcontica (Kabát & Bubák) Moesz on Hieracium pilosella L., Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 7 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3601. World distribution. Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Switzerland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Ramularia inaequalis (Preuss) U. Braun, repeatedly recorded from Poland [168]; teleomorph unknown. Asteromella eupatoriicola (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 11: 122 (1957). Phyllosticta eupatoriicola Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 66: 288 (1907). Description. Leaf lesions dark olive, circular to oblong. Conidiomata pale greyish brown, scarse, evenely distributed in the lesions, completely immersed in plant tissue, 65–104 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 12.3 µm in diam. Conidiomata are surrounded with more numerous ascomatal primordia and immature, mycosphaerella-like ascomata. Conidiophores 1-celled, 7–9 × 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical 4.4–5.2(–6) × (2.2–)2.7–3 µm. Conidia cylindrical to rod-shaped, 2.5–3.5(–4) × (0.6–)0.8–1 µm (Fig. 19). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Eupatorium cannabinum L.: Częstochowa Upland, Złoty Potok, thicket at a stream, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 17 Oct. 1998, LOD PF-1055 [136]; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, continental swamp/bog pine forest (Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum), roadside, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3602 [140]; Kampinos National Park, Lasocin, herb community Valeriano-Filipenduletum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & D. Michalska-Hejduk, 10 Jul. 2012, LOD PF-3506; Silesian Upland, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 49 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b a c d Fig. 19 Asteromella eupatoriicola on Eupatorium cannabinum. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (B 700015159). b (LOD PF-1055). c–e Microscopic structures (LOD PF-3602). c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. Jaworzno-Wygoda, near the Zbiornik Dziećkowice pond, deciduous thicket, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 22 Jul. 2016, LOD PF-3667. Additional specimens examined. CZECH REPUBLIC. Phyllosticta eupatoriicola Kabát & Bubák on Eupatorium cannabinum L., vicinity of Turnov (orig. Turnau in Böhmen), coll. Jos. Em. Kabát, 9 Oct. 1902, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 402, isotype, B 700015080. GERMANY. Asteromella eupatoriicola (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. on Eupatorium cannabinum L., Kr. Meschede, coll. A. Ludwig, ident. H. Rupprecht, rev. H. Rupprecht, 29 Sep. 1935, Herbarium A. Ludwig, Flora von Westfalen, B 700015159. LATVIA. Asteromella eupatoriicola (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. on Eupatorium cannabinum L., prov. Vidzeme, Riga, 8 Oct. 1933, coll. K. Starcs, ident. H. Rupprecht, rev. H. Rupprecht, Herbarium K. Starcs, No. 1286, B 700015159. SWITZERLAND. Asteromella eupatoriicola (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. on Eupatorium cannabinum L., Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 7 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3603 [162]. World distribution. Austria, Brazil, Carribean, Czech Republic, Germany, Latvia, Malaysia, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia [177], Switzerland, Virgin Islands. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella sp. Asteromella petasitidis Petr. Annals Mycol. 21: 282 (1923). = Phyllosticta petasitidis Ellis & Everh. f. petasitidis-officinalis Allesch., Rabenh. Kryptog-Fl. 1: 136 (1898). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 50 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Description. Leaf lesions polygonal, brown, small or confluent, covering greater part of the leaves (up to 80%). Conidiomata brown to black, evenly distributed in the lesions, papillate, 61.8–111.2 µm in diam., ostiolum erected above the leaf epidermis (constituting up to 1/4 size of conidioma). Conidiophores 1–3-celled, branched at the base, 7–15 × 3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to conical, 4.5–5.7 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3.5–4 × 1 µm (Fig. 20). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (= P. officinalis Moench): Botanical Garden in Kraków [100,102]; Sudety Mts [97]; ■ Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Bercht.: Zakopane, near Bristol hotel, coll. W. Mułenko, 14 Sep. 1987, with Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Lév., LBL M-23693 [183]; ■ Petasites spurius (Retz.) Rchb.: as Phyllosticta petasitis Ellis & Everhart, Bug River Valley, Gnojno, edge of the river, coll. M. Danilkiewicz, 12 Oct. 1981, LBL M-23694 [133]. Additional specimens studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Asteromella petasitidis Petr. n. sp. on Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (= P. officinalis Moench), Hranice (orig. Mahr-Wiesskirchen, Moravia), coll. F. Petrak, Oct. 1923, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 4, two isotypes, B 700015175; Asteromella petasitidis Petr. on Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (= P. officinalis Moench), Mähr. Weisskirchen, Hustopetsch, coll. F. Petrak, Oct. 1926, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 1402, M-0142470. GERMANY. Asteromella petasitidis Petr. on Petasites officinalis Moench, Kummro near Neuzelle, Guben district, coll. E. Fahrendorff, 11 Sep. 1938, with associated immature Mycosphaerella indicated at the label, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3558, KRA F-1938-67. cc b d f aa e Fig. 20 Asteromella petasitidis on Petasites kablikianus (LBL M-23693). a Symptoms of host infection (leaf fragment). b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 51 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland World distribution. Brazil, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Ramularia sp., Mycosphaerella sp. Notes. In the two isotypes housed in B (Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 4 and specimen in series Flora Moravica, both at the sheet No. B 700015175) all Asteromella conidiomata were observed in the sori of Puccinia poarum Nielsen, exclusively. Asteromella senecionis-nemorensis (Săvul. & Sandu) Vanev & Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 421 (2002). Phyllosticta senecionis-nemorensis Săvul. & Sandu, Herb. Mycol. Roman. Fasc. 12 No. 578 (1934). Description. Leaf lesions big, up to 1 cm long, irregular, oblong, partly limited with major leaf-veins. Conidiomata apricot, blackening with age, evenly distributed, amphigenous, 123.5–135.9 µm in diam. Conidiophores discrete, 1–2-celled, 6–12 × 3–4.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to flask-shaped, 4.5–5.9 × 3–4.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 4.5–5 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 21). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Senecio paludosus L.: Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Circaeo-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 3 Oct. 1990, LBL M-23695 [123]. c b a e d Fig. 21 Asteromella senecionis-nemorensis on Senecio paludosus (LBL M- 23695). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 52 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimen studied. ROMANIA. Phyllosticta senecionis-nemorensis Săvul. & Sandu nov. spec. on Senecio nemorensis L., Muntenia, district of Prahova, Buşteni, coll. Tr. Săvulescu & C. Sandu, 4 Sep. 1932, Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman. Fasc. XII, No. 578, isotype, KRA F-1932-122. World distribution. Bulgaria, Poland, Romania. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Berberidaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Berberis in Poland. Asteromella garbowskii (Gucevič) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. MycoBank No. MB 817736 Basionym: Phyllosticta garbowskii Gucevič, Učen. Zap. Leningradsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. Biol. Nauk 49: 71 (1962). Synonym: Phyllosticta berberidicola Garb., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 39(4): 243 (1923); non Phyllosticta berberidicola Speg. (1912); nec Phyllosticta berberidicola Lobik (1928). Description. Leaf lesions absent or invisible due to the dried and yellowed plant material. Conidiomata in dense groups, amphigenous, with about 1/4 emerged above the plant epidermis, this part is completely white to whitish grey, 61.8–74.1 µm in diam. Conidiomatal wall 2-layered, outer layer composed of textura epidermoidea. Conidiophores 1-celled, 4–8 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose to subglobose, 3.7–4 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia rodshaped, 3–4 × 1 µm (3.5–7 × 1–1.5 µm according to Garbowski [184]) (Fig. 22). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Berberis vulgaris L.: Wąwóz Cienisty near Puławy, coll. M. Konopacka, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 16 Sep. 1923, with Phyllosticta berberidis Rabenh., WAUF; as ?Phyllosticta berberidicola Speg., Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 21, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23696 [159]; Łódź, Botanical Garden, park greenery (Section VI), 11 Oct. 2002, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & M. Siennicka, LOD PF-3604. Notes. In another specimen from Arboretum Bolestraszyce (stand No. 21, coll. B. Wojdyło, 26 Jul. 1999, LBL M-23697 [159]) only a Phoma species is present. Additional specimen studied. GERMANY. Mycosphaerella berberidis (Auersw.) Lindau on Berberis vulgaris L., Brandenburg, Lebus district, between Dahmsdorf and Münchehofe, coll. H. Sydow, 15 Apr. 1941, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3502, KRA F-1941-17. World distribution. Poland, Russia, Ukraine. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 53 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland f b d c e g h a Fig. 22 Asteromella garbowskii (LOD PF-3604) and Mycosphaerella berberidis on Berberis vulgaris. a–f A. garbowskii. a Symptoms of host infection. b,d Conidiomata. c,e Conidioma cross section. f Conidiogenous cells and conidia. g,h M. berberidis (KRA F-1941-17). g Symptoms of host infection. h Ascomata cross section. Scale bars: a,g 1 cm; b,c 10 µm; d,e,h 50 µm; f 5 µm. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Worldwide, five Mycosphaerella/Sphaerella species are known from Berberis [63] including M. berberidis (Auersw.) Lindau described on B. vulgaris L. from Germany. Aa and Vanev [5] hypothesized that both Phyllosticta garbowskii Gucevič (described on B. vulgaris from Crimean Peninsula) and Ph. berberidicola Speg. (described on B. laurina Thunb. from Urugway [77]) could be a microconidal state of this Mycosphaerella species. The characters of Asteromella (= Phyllosticta) garbowskii presented here differ in conidial size from Asteromella-state of M. berberidis described based on German specimen by von Arx [58] (conidiomata 75–105 in diam., spores 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 µm). Nevertheless, examination of the type of A. garbowskii as well as molecular analyses of corresponding species are necessary to solve this matter. Betulaceae Two Asteromella species has been reported on hosts in the Betulaceae in Poland: one host-specific species on Alnus (see below), and one polyphagous species on Betula (see above). Asteromella alnicola (C. Massal.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552452. Basionym: Phyllosticta alnicola C. Massal., Memorie Accad. Agric. Sci. Verona, Ser. 3,65: 80 (1889). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 54 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Description. Leaf lesions dark brown to olive brown, limited with minor leaf veins, polygonal. Conidiomata evenely distributed or aggregated in groups, amphigenous, globose, brown to black, papillate, 49.4–98.8 µm in diam., ended with erected ostiolum, up to 17.3– 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–3-celled, unbranched, 10 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose, 3.5 × 4 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.8–1 µm (Fig. 23). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.: as Phyllosticta alni-glutinosae P. Syd., Skierniewice, Zwierzyniec, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. Z. Zweigbaumówna, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 28 Sep. 1923, WAUF [108]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Czarne Sosnowickie Lake, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 16 Nov. 1982, LBL M-23698 [128]; ŁęcznaWłodawa Lake District, Brudzieniec Lake [128]; Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Tilio-Carpinetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Querco-Piceetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul.–Oct. 1989, with Septoria carisolensis Kabát & Bubák and Passalora bacilligera (Mont. & Fr.) Fresen., LBL M-23699 [123]; Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Tilio-Carpinetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Querco-Piceetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul.–Oct. 1989, with Asteroma alni Allesch., LBL M-23736 [123]; Dobromierz near Przedbórz, close to Murawy Dobromierskie Reserve, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 10 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3696; Kampinos National Park, Bromierzyk, fresh meadow of alliance Calthion, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Jul. 2009, LOD PF-3605; Biebrza National Park, Brzeziny Protective Unit, Grobla Honczarowska causeway, deciduous thicket, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 26 Aug. 2013, with Septoria alni Sacc., LOD PF-3606. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Phyllosticta alnicola C. Massal. on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Mecklenburg, Groβ-Lüsewitz, coll. Buhr, 10 Sep. 1953, B700015062. SWITZERLAND. Phyllosticta alnicola C. Massal. on Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 6 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3607 [162]; Phyllosticta alnicola C. Massal. on Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., b d a c e Fig. 23 Asteromella alnicola on Alnus glutinosa (LBL M-23699). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma below stomata. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 55 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Lauterbrunnen Grütschalp, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 9 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3608. World distribution. Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Hitherho no Asteromella state was indicated in 16 Mycosphaerella species occurring on Alnus [63]. Boraginaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Pulmonaria in Poland. Asteromella moeszii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Mułenko, spec. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552453. Etymology: in reference to Gustav von Moesz, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the study of anamorphic fungi. Description. Leaf lesions indistinct, pale brown, circular, without margin. Conidiomata forming ± concentric rows, particularly in the central part of the lesion, epiphyllous, dark brown to nearly black, globose, 61.8–74.1(–86.5) µm in diam. or elliptical, up to 74.1 × 98.8 µm. Ostiolum indistinct, small. Conidiophores 0–1-celled. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to conial, thin-walled, 5.6–8 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, straight, 4–4.5(–5) × 1 µm (Fig. 24). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Pulmonaria obscura Dumort.: as “Phyllosticta pulmonariae Moesz ex Batista”, Bachus Reserve near Chełm, coll. K. Jędrak, 20 Sep. 1981, LBL M-23700, type designated here. Notes. The species on Pulmonaria obscura was previously assigned to Asteromella pulmonariae Moesz ex Batista & Peres, Mems Soc. Broteriana 14: 21 (1961), nom. invalid., Art. 39.1. The authority of this species was ascribed to Gusztáv von Moesz [12] who collected the type specimen in Hungary in 1940. Moesz died 15 years before the species was described and in the paper by Batista and Peres [12] there is neither acknowledgment to Moesz, nor indication of his role in the preparation of the description. The name proposed by Batista and Peres [12] is, however, invalid as the species description was given in Portuguese that is in discordance with the rules of ICN [57]. Therefore, the species on Pulmonaria obscura is described here as new based on the Polish specimen. Additional specimen studied. LATVIA. as “Asteromella pulmonariae H. Ruppr.”, on Pulmonaria officinalis L., prov. Vidzeme, Ruga, coll. K. Starcs, ident. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, 23 Oct. 1932 (?), with Septoria pulmonariae Sacc., Herbarium K. Starcs. Riga, Latvia, No. 437, B 700015191. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 56 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland a b cc e d f h g i j Fig. 24 Asteromella on Pulmonaria spp. a–h Asteromella moeszii on Pulmonaria obscura (type, LBL M-23700). a Symptoms of host infection. b Young ascoma (As) and mature conidioma (Co) in leaf tissue (cross section). c Conidioma cross section. d Conidiogenous cells (Cc) and conidia (Cd). e Conidioma. f Layer of conidiogenous cells. g Conidiogenous cells. h Conidia. i,j Asteromella pulmonariae Ruppr. nom. herb. on Pulmonaria officinalis (B 700015191). i Hand-written label. j Symptoms of host infection. Scale bars: a,j 2 cm; b 50 µm; c,e 20 µm; d,f–h 10 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 57 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland World distribution. Hungary, Latvia, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. In the type collection the species co-occurs with Ramularia cylindroides Sacc. but genetic connection of the morphs was not tested. On host genus Pulmonaria a single Mycosphaerella species was described, M. pulmonariae Fakirova. No anamorphic and spermatial states of the fungus were indicated in the diagnosis [185]. Brassicaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Brassica in Poland. Asteromella brassicae (Chevall.) Boerema & Kesteren Persoonia 3: 18 (1964). = Phyllosticta brassicicola McAlpine, Bull. Victoria Agric. Dept.: 27 (1901). = Phyllosticta napi Sacc., Michelia 1: 532 (1879). Description. Leaf lesions pale straw, cover substantial part of the leaves, which beside the lesions are lightly pink-violet; the infected tissue is overgrown with black hyphae forming irregular net. Conidiomata black, completely immersed in the host tissue, irregular, in dense groups, confluent, 49.4–74.1 × 61.8–148.2 µm or up to 85 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 37.1 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, 6–7 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to conical, 3–4 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia cylindrical to rod-shaped, (3–)4–4.5 × 1 µm (Fig. 25). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Brassica oleracea L.: Olszyna, Ostrzesz district, 1927 (?), with handwritten note “from the Garbowski’s collection”, with Cercospora brassicicola Henn. (= C. bloxamii Berk. & Broome), WA 21942; Szczecin-Wzgórze Hetmańskie [186]; Szczecin [160]. c a b d e f Fig. 25 Asteromella brassicae on Brassica oleracea. a,b Symptoms of host infection (leaf fragments). a (WA 21942). b (WRSL). c–f Microscopic structures (WRSL). c Group of conidiomata. d Conidioma. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 50 µm; d 10 µm; e,f 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 58 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. PORTUGAL. Phyllosticta brassicae Westend. f. brassicae oleraceae on Brassica oleracea L., near Coimbra, coll. A. F. Moller, Jun. 1879, Thümen, Herb. Mycol. Oecon., No. 653, WRSL, two specimens. World distribution. Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, Canada, China, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Germany, Ghana, Great Britain, Greenland, Haiti, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Poland, Portugal, New Zealand, Portugal, Sicily, South Africa, Sweden [181], Taiwan, Venezuela, Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Oudem., not recorded in Poland [163]. Caprifoliaceae Two Asteromella species have been reported on Sambucus and Viburnum in Poland. They differ in the dimensions of conidia (Tab. 5). Asteromella adeana Petr. Annls Mycol. 29(1/2): 122 (1931). Description. Leaf lesions polygonal, delimited with leaf veins, brown at first, becoming beige and grey due to epidermis detachment, with brown margin, around some lesions leaf tissue with red pinkish tinge. Conidiomata mainly epiphyllous, in loose groups, globose, very diverse in colour: young – greyish and glassy, overmatured (or ascomatal primordia?) – black, dull; up to 98.8 µm in diam. or elliptical, 74.1–111.2 × 48.4–74.1 µm, both kinds topped with a ring of darker cells, up to 37 µm in diam. surrounding ostiolum that is 9.88–19.8 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, 6–11 × (3–)3.5-4 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 5–5.4 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia cylindrical to rod-shaped, (3.5–)4–5 × 0.8(–1) µm [according to Petrak [187]: 3–4(–5) × 0.5–0.8 µm] (Fig. 26). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Viburnum lantana L.: as Phyllosticta tinea Sacc., Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 36, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23701 [159]; same locality and collector, stand No. 23, coll. B. Wojdyło, 29 Sep. 1999, LBL M-23702 [159]; ■ Viburnum opulus L.: as Phyllosticta tinea Sacc., Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Oct. 1989, LBL M-23703 [123]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 33, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23704 [159]. Additional specimen studied. SWITZERLAND. Asteromella adeana Petr. on Viburnum lantana L., Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 7 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3613. World distribution. Poland, Spain, Switzerland. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 59 Published by Polish Botanical Society Asteromella species on Caprifoliaceae (dimensions in µm). Taxon Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. adeana 98.8 µm diam. or 74.1–111.2 × 48.4–74.1 1-celled; 6–11 × (3–)3.5–4 5–5.4 × 3–3.5 (3.5–)4–5 × 0.8(–1) Viburnum A. ebuli 74.1–98.8(–118.5) 1-celled; 7–10 × 2–3 3.5–5.4(–6) × 2–2.8(–3) 5–7.5 × 0.7–1(–1.2) Sambucus Monogr Bot 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Tab. 5 60 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b e c a d Fig. 26 Asteromella adeana on Viburnum lantana (LBL M-23701). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Papilla. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 3 cm; b 20 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. The species is morphologically indistinguishable from Phyllosticta tinea Sacc. described from leaves of Viburnum tinus from Europe (Selva). However, Ph. tinea causes other symptoms in host leaves: conidiomata are formed in drying, whitened lesions. Asteromella ebuli (Fuckel) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres Mems Soc. Broteriana 14: 14 (1961). Phyllosticta ebuli (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 57 (1884). Ascochyta ebuli Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 386 (1869). Description. Leaf lesions oblong-elliptical, olive-grayish, bordered by a darker outline, dried, always adjacent to the brown to dark brown lesion covered with a hyphomycete conidiomata. Asteromella conidiomata evenly distributed in the lesion, brown, amphigenous, 74.1–98.8(–118.5) µm in diam., ostiolum up to 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, cylindrical, 7–10 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to pear-shaped, 3.5–5.4(–6) × 2–2.8(–3) µm. Conidia rod-shaped, slightly curved, 5–7.5 × 0.7–1(–1.2) µm (Fig. 27). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Sambucus ebulus L.: Biała Góra near Tomaszów Lubelski, thicket in a ravine, coll. A. Wołczańska, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, with Ramularia sambucina Sacc., LBL M-23705; © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 61 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b d a c Fig. 27 Asteromella ebuli on Sambucus nigra. a Symptoms of host infection (LOD PF-3609). b–d Microscopic structures. b Conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 3 cm; b 10 µm; c,d 5 µm. ■ Sambucus nigra L.: Poznań, Dendrological Garden [165]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum [159]; Częstochowa Upland, Złoty Potok village, Major Wrzosek Str., roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 24 Oct. 1999, with Ramularia sambucina Sacc., LOD PF-943; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 273g, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, 18 Sep. 2003, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, with Cercosporella prolificans (Ell. & Holway) Sacc., LOD PF-3609; Częstochowa Upland, Jaskrów, deciduous forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 6 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3610; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, TilioCarpinetum typicum, pathway, coll. A. Kuchnik, 8 Sep. 2007, with Cercosporella prolificans (Ell. & Holway) Sacc., LOD PF-3290; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 12 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3611; ■ Sambucus racemosa L.: Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, near a bus terminus, deciduous forest, 10 Oct. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3612; ■ Sambucus sp.: as Phyllosticta maculiformis Sacc. on Fraxinus excelsior L., Skierniewice, park, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. Z. Zweigbaumówna, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 7 Oct. 1922, WAUF [108]. Additional specimens examined. AUSTRIA. Phyllosticta ebuli Sacc. on Sambucus ebulus L., Flösselberg near Perchtoldsdorf, coll. C. de Keissler, Aug., with Ramularia sambucina Sacc., Zahlbruckner, Krypt. Exs., No. 2322, B 700015079. GERMANY. Ascochyta ebuli Fuckel on Sambucus ebulus L., Schienberg near Freiburg, coll. J. Schroeter, Aug. 1876, WRSL. World distribution. Austria, Brazil, former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Ramularia sp., ?Mycosphaerella ebuli Petr., not reported in Poland [163]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 62 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Notes. Probably to the same species belongs Depazea sambucicola Kalchbr. Mspt. distributed in Rabenhorst, Fungi Europaei, cent. VII, No. 668. The specimen examined (M0142475, no place, date of collection and collector given at the label; with handnote with the species name, probably made by Allescher) contains only empty ascomata and Asteromellalike pycnidia, with indistinct, irregular ostiola. However, outer layer of pycnidial wall is composed of textura dermoidea, with thickened and darkened cell walls, characters absent in A. ebuli specimens studied. No other specimen of D. sambucicola was found in available reference collections. Celastraceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Euonymus in Poland. Asteromella euonymella (Sacc.) Aa & Vanev in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 207 (2002). Phyllosticta euonymella Sacc., Michelia 1: 138 (1878). Description. Leaf lesions yellowish, limited with leaf veins, with no definite margin. Conidiomata first pale brown, becoming darker brown with age, hypophyllous, single to aggregated, papillate, small, 42.3–77.4 µm in diam. or bigger, up to 101.6 × 116.1 µm, ostiolum up to 24.7 µm. Conidiophores 1–4-celled, 10–15 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 4–4.5 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidia, bacterioid, rod-shaped, (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.6–0.8(–1) µm (Fig. 28). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Euonymus europaea L.: Białowieża National Park, Circaeao-Alnetum, Carici elongataeAlnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Oct. 1989, with Microsphaera euonymi (DC.) Sacc., LBL M-4246 ([123] in Circaeao-Alnetum); as Phyllosticta euonymicola Tognini, Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 13, coll. B. Wojdyło, 29 Sep. 1999, with Phyllosticta euonymi Sacc., LBL M-23706 [159]; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, thermophilous oak forest, coll. & ident. E. Połeć & M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 16 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3700; Biebrza National Park, Kapice Protective Unit, subcontinental lime-oak-hornbeam forest (TilioCarpinetum), 53°32'14" N, 22°43'13" E, 28 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3451, together with Ramularia celastri Ellis & G. Martin and Septogloeum carthusianum (Sacc.) Sacc. [188]. Notes. In specimen LBL M-23706 no conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia were found. That specimen is therefore provisionally included into A. euonymella, mainly because of the characters of the conidiomata. Additional specimens studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Phyllosticta euonymella Sacc. on Euonymus vulgaris Mill. (= E. europaea L.), vicinity of Turnov (orig. Turnau in Böhmen), coll. Jos. Em. Kabát, 18 Oct. 1902, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 4, B 700015081. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 63 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d c a e f b Fig. 28 Asteromella euonymella on Euonymus europaea. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (B 700015081). b (LBL M-4246). c–f Microscopic structures (LBL M-4246). c Group of conidiomata. d Conidiomatal tip with ostiolum. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 50 µm; d 10 µm; e,f 5 µm. World distribution. China [175], Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sicily, Spain. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Two Mycosphaerella species were described in association with Euonymus but without spermatial state indicated [63]. Dipsacacae Two Asteromella species have been reported on Dipsacus and Scabiosa in Poland. They can be distinguished by the lack of conidiophores in conidiomata of A. scabiosae in Polish material (Tab. 6) that is, however, badly preserved. The importance of that character is not yet confirmed in taxonomy of the genus. Aa and Vanev [5] characterized conidiogenous cells of the type collection of A. scabiosae as single or in rows protruding into cavity. The character should be confirmed with verification of greater number of specimens. Asteromella wandae (Namysł.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 14 (1959). Phyllosticta wandae Namysł., Kosmos 33: 329 (1908). Description. Leaf lesions light brownish-yellow, graying, first round, then of various shapes, limited with tiny veins, occupying a large part of the leaf. Conidiomata immersed in host tissue, distributed evenly or in linear groups along the veins limiting leaf spots, light © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 64 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland c a d e f b g h i Fig. 29 Asteromella wandae on Dipsacus sylvestris (type, KRAM F-13292). a Envelope with hand written name. b Symptoms of host infection. c–i Microscopic structures. c,d Conidioma cross section; arrows indicate conidiogenous cell (lower) and conidium (upper). e,f Conidiomata. g Conidiomatal tip with ostiolum. h Conidiogenous cells. i Conidia. Scale bars: b 2 cm; c,e 20 µm; d,f,g 50 µm; h,i 5 µm. brown-gray to dark brown-black, (58–)61.8–86.5 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 17.3 µm in diam. Conidiophores cylindrical, 1–4-celled, 8–15 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to conical, 5–5.4 × 3–3.5 µm Conidia cylindrical, with base slightly narrower than apex, 3.5–4.5 × 1 µm (Fig. 29). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.: Zagórzany near Gorlice, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1907, type, KRAM F-13287 [101,102]; same locality and collector, Sep. 1907, KRAM F-13292 [101,102]; Stróże, Grybów district, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1908, KRAM F-13294 and KRAM F-13283 [102,189]; near Raciążek, Ciechocińska Lowland, coll. K. Rouppert, Sep. 1908, KRA F-0-5433 and KRAM F-13284 [105]; Raciążek, Sep. 1908, coll. K. Rouppert, KRAM F-13291 [105]; Niegłowice near Jasło, Dec. 1908 and Jan. 1909, coll. A. Wodziczko, ident. B. Namysłowski, KRAM F-13285 [102,170,189]; Dębica, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1909, Raciborski, Mycoth. Polon., No. 189, KRAM F-13283 [102,103]; Dębica, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1909, KRAM F-13295 [102,103]; Wolica, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1909, KRAM F-13293; Podzamcze at Wisłoka, Niegłowice, Topolin, Jasło, Sep. 1910, coll. A. Wodziczko, KRAM F-13289 [102,170]; Kędzyrz, Latoszyn near Dębica [102,103]; Deszno near Rymanów-Zdrój [102,190]; Sobniów, Góra św. Marcina near Tarnów [102,170]. Additional specimens examined. ROMANIA. as “Phyllosticta vandae Namy.” on Dipsacus silvestris Huds., Ponoare, Suceava district, coll. M. Mititiuc, 13 Aug. 1964, Flora Romaniae, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 65 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Herbarium M. Toma, M-0142548. UKRAINE. Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. on Dipsacus silvestris L., Zaleszczyki, Tarnopol district, right slope of the Dniester River, coll. A. Wróblewski, 18 Apr. 1910, KRAM F-13286 [102,191]; Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. on Dipsacus silvestris L., Dublany near Lviv, coll. P. Wiśniewski, ident. B. Namysłowski, Jan. 1909, KRAM F-13288 [102,189]; Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. on Dipsacus silvestris L., Petrycze near Krasne, coll. K. Janczewska, Oct. 1908, KRAM F-13290 [102,189]. World distribution. France, Germany [36], Poland, Romania, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Fabaceae Two Asteromella species have been reported on Astragalus and Caragana in Poland (Tab. 7). They cannot be differentiated based on morphology itself. Asteromella astragalicola (C. Massal.) Petr. Annals Mycol. 21: 300 (1923). Phyllosticta astragalicola C. Massal., Bot. Centbl. 26: 386 (1890). Description. Leaf lesions at first small, 4–5 mm in diam. and yellowish, later covering a majority of leaf area, pale brown. Conidiomata pale to dark brown, evenly distributed or aggregated in confluent groups in the bigger lesions, 41.6–78.4(–133,1) µm in diam., ostiolum distinct, irregularly limited with darker cells, 9.88–12.3 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–3-celled, 6–12(–16) × (3–)4–4.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells 5.7–6 × 4–4.3 µm. Conidia rodshaped, (3–)4–5(–7) × 1–1.3(–1.5) µm (Fig. 30). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Astragalus glycyphyllos L.: Phyllosticta astragalicola C. Massal., Zagórzany, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1907, KRAM F-8946, with Septoria astragali Desm. [102,103]; Phyllosticta astragalicola C. Massal., Gorajowice near Jasło, coll. A. Wodziczko, Sep. 1910, KRAM F-8947 [102,170]; Kazimierz nad Wisłą, coll. W. Konopacka, 28 Sep. 1923, WAUF [171]; Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, slope of quarry, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 21 Oct. 1998, with Microsphaera astragali (DC.) Trevis., Uromyces punctatus J. Schröt. and Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire, LOD PF-961 [136]; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, coll. E. Połeć, 10 Aug. 2006, LOD PF-3614. World distribution. Armenia, China [175], f. Czechoslovakia, Italy, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Often together with Septoria astragali Desm., in the single specimen (KRAM F-8947) both Asteromella and Septoria present in a single conidioma. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 66 Tab. 6 Asteromella species on Dipsacaceae (dimensions in µm). Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. scabiosae* 74.1–98.8 - nd 3–5.5 × 0.8–1 Scabiosa A. wandae 61.8–86.5 1–4-celled; 8–15 × 3–3.5 5–5.4 × 3–3.5 3.5–4.5 × 1 Dipsacus Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon * Species included into insufficiently-studied and doubtful species (Chapter 4.5). nd – no data available. Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Tab. 7 Asteromella species on Fabaceae (dimensions in µm). 67 Taxon Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. astragalicola 41.6–78.4(–133.1) 1–3-celled; 6–12(–16) × (3–)4–4.5 5.7–6 × 4–4.3 (3–)4–5(–7) × 1–1.3(–1.5) Astragalus A. borszczowii 49–67.7(–121) 1-celled; 8 × 3–3.5 (4–)4.5–5 × (2.5–)3–3.5 3.5–4.5 × 1.2 Caragana Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland e d b a c Fig. 30 Asteromella astragalicola on Astragalus glycyphyllos. a Symptoms of host infection (WAUF). b–e Microscopic structures (KRAM F-8947). b Conidiomata with ostiola. c Layer of conidiogenous cells. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 20 µm; c–e 5 µm. Asteromella borszczowii (Thüm.) Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 109 (2002). Phyllosticta borszczowii Thüm., Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir. 55: 229 (1880). Description. Leaf lesions brownish, polygonal, vein-limited, at first small, later covering greater part of leaf area, amphigenous. Conidiomata dark brown, subglobose, abundant, aggreagated in groups, hypophyllous, 49–67.7(–121) µm in diam., ostiolum up to 15 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, 8 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells very similar to cells of inner wall layer, conical or subglobose, monophialidic, (4–)4.5–5 × (2.5–)3–3.5 µm. Conidia elliptical, slightly curved, scarce, 3.5–4.5 × 1.2 µm (Fig. 31). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Caragana arborescens Lam.: as Phyllosticta advena Pass., Podębie, Skierniewice district, coll. Z. Zweigbaumówna, 1 Sep. 1922, with Septoria caraganae (Jacz.) Died., WAUF, reported as Phyllosticta caraganae P. Syd. in [108]; Bug River Valley, Janów Podlaski, road edge, Sep.–Oct. [133]. Additional specimens studied. RUSSIA. Phyllosticta borszczowii Thüm. nov. spec. on Caragana arborescens Lam., Western Siberia, Maidaschi, Sep. 1879, coll. N. Martianoff, Thümen, Mycoth. Univ., No. 1894, isotypes from WRSL and B 700015069 with note of van der Aa (“Asteromella state of Mycosphaerella spec., from which the unripe ascomata are also present; March 1977”). UKRAINE. Phyllosticta borszczowi Thüm. on Caragana arborescens Lam., Stryj, near Podhorce, 1917, coll. Petrak, Allgem. Myc. Tauschverein, two specimens, B 700015068. World distribution. Armenia, Canada, China, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella jaczewskii Potebnia [27], not reported in Poland [163]. Often co-occurs with Septoria caraganae (Jacz.) Died. [27]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 68 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d b e f g a h c Fig. 31 Asteromella borszczowii on Caragana arborescens. a–c Symptoms of host infection. a (B 700015068). b (WRSL). c (WAUF). d–h Microscopic structures (WRSL). d Group of conidiomata. e Conidioma. f Layer of conidiogenous cells. g Conidiogenous cells. h Conidia. Scale bars: a–c 1 cm; d 50 µm; e 20 µm; f 10 µm; g,h 5 µm. Fagaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Quercus in Poland. Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. Memorie Accad. Agric. Sci. Verona, Sér. 3, 65: 131 (1889). Description. Leaf lesions pale brown, irregular, vein-limited, without margin. Conidiomata pale to dark grey, evenly distributed, hypophyllous, globose, 74.1–86.5 µm or elliptical, up to 123.4 × 148.2 µm, ostiolum up to 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–5-celled, polyphialidic, 5–16 × (2–)3.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 2–4 × 2–2.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1(–1.2) µm (Fig. 32). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Quercus robur L.: as Phyllosticta sp., Kartuzy district, Owczarnia, no collector’s name, with handnote “from the Garbowski’s collection”, 29 Feb. 1927, WA 21871; Białowieża National Park, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, PinoQuercetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Oct. 1990, LBL M-23707 [123]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest roadside, forest section 273d, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998, LOD PF- 1375 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Złoty Potok forest district, forest section 275b, beech forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 19 Oct. 1998, LOD PF-1305 [136]; Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 43, coll. B. Wojdyło, 29 Sep. 1999, with Phyllosticta © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 69 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c e a d Fig. 32 Asteromella quercifolii on Quercus robur. a Symptoms of host infection (LBL M-23707). b–e Microscopic structures. b Conidiomata at a leaf (LOD PF-3624). c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells (B 700015193). e Conidia (LBL M-23707). Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 1 mm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. quernea Thüm, LBL M-23708 [159]; Łódź, Las Łagiewnicki Reserve, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, coll. A. Stachurska, 10 Jul. 2007, with Phyllosticta quernea Thüm., LOD PF3668; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, coll. E. Połeć, 16 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3621; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, parking in the forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Oct. 2007, LOD PF-3620; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, 22 Sep. 2008, coll. E. Połeć, LOD PF-3622; Lasy Spalskie Refuge (PLH100003), Konewka Reserve near Spała, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, 21 Aug. 2011, coll. A. Łaska-Dziąg, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3615; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, deciduous forest, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. & ident. E. Sucharzewska, deposited in the Fungal Collection of Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn [140]; ■ Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.: Wola near Pszczyna, Molinio-Pinetum, coll. & ident. A. Myszka, 11 Oct. 2006, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-2930; Łódź, municipal park, coll. D. Papierz, 9 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3064; Łódź, Las Łagiewnicki Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & A. Stachurska, 12 Aug. 2006, LOD PF-3669; ■ Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. × Q. robur L.: Załęcze Landscape Park near Wieluń, Stawiska Reserve, 19 Sep. 1997, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, LOD PF-3616; Łódź, Botanical Garden, park greenery (Section VI), coll. M. Siennicka, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & M. Siennicka, 18 Aug. 2002, LOD PF-2294; Lasy Spalskie Refuge (PLH100003), Konewka Reserve near Spała, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, 15 Aug. 2004, coll. A. Kotynia, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-2640; Częstochowa Upland, Jaskrów, deciduous forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 6 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3617; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, 29 Sep. 2006, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3618; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Calamagrostio-Quercetum typicum, coll. A. Kuchnik, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3670; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, roadside, coll. K. Brózio, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3671; Łódź, Las © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 70 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Łagiewnicki Reserve, Calamagrostio-Quercetum typicum, coll. K. Brózio, 28 Jul. 2007, LOD PF-3619; Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. on Quercus robur L. (= Q. pedunculata Hoffm.), Westphalia, Siegen district, at Hermelsbacher pond (am Hermlsbacher Weicher bei Siegen), coll. A. Ludwig, det. H. Rupprecht, 18 Oct. 1950, Herbarium Dr. A. Ludwig. Flora von Westfalen, B 700015193; Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. on Quercus robur L. (= Q. pedunculata Hoffm.), Westphalia, Siegen district, locality illegibile, coll. A. Ludwig, det. H. Rupprecht, 6 Oct. 1939, Herbarium Dr. A. Ludwig. Flora von Westfalen, B 700015193. LATVIA. Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. on Quercus robur L., Gauja National Park, vicinity of Krimulda, mixed forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 24 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3623. SWITZERLAND. Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. on Quercus robur L., Fryburg Canton, Saaneboden bei Düdingen, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & B. Senn-Irlet, 6 Nov. 2008, LOD PF-3624. World distribution. Bulgaria [166], Germany, India, Italy, Latvia, Myanmar, Poland, Russia [177], Sicily, Switzerland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Two other species are listed on Quercus from Europe [13]: Asteromella hranicensis Petr. and A. quercicola Petr. The second species was probably never described although its specimen is housed in B reference collection (B 700015192). Infection symptoms of host leaves (Quercus cerris) and morphological characters of the fungus are identical with A. quercifolii except for lack of conidiophores in the specimen studied (Fig. 33). However, conidiogenous cells and conidia are badly preserved in that specimen. b c e d a g f Fig. 33 Asteromella quercicola Petr. nom. herb. on Quercus cerris (B 700015192). a,b Symptoms of host infection. c Envelope. d–f Microscopic structures. d Conidiomatal tip. e Conidioma (cracked) with widely open ostiolum. f Conidiogenous cells. g Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 0.5 cm; d,e 10 μm; f,g 5 μm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 71 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Hippocastanaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Aesculus in Poland. Asteromella aesculicola (Sacc.) Petr. Sydowia 10: 266 (1956). Phyllosticta aesculicola Sacc., Michelia 1: 134 (1879). Description. Leaf lesions brown, oblong, slightly zonate, in older lesions the centre is whitening. Conidiomata globose, brown, hypophyllous, with dark apices emerging, 74–86 µm in diam. or up to 118.6 × 135.5 μm. Conidiophores cylindrical, 2-celled, 10–18 × 2–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells scarce, 4–5.6(–6) × 2–3 μm. Conidia in dense, gelatinous mass, intermixed and sealed around conidiophores, 3–3.5 × 0.6–0.7(–1) μm (Fig. 34). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Aesculus hippocastanum L.: Rataje near Kalisz, coll. H. Nelkenówna, 1 Nov. 1931, WAUF; Szczecin [160]; Załęcze Landscape Park near Wieluń, Stawiska Reserve, 19 Sep. 1997, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, LOD PF-3625; Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 27 Sep. 1998, with Phyllosticta paviaecola Brunaud, LOD PF-945 [136]; Łódź, Smulsko housing estate, Bokserska Str., coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, 3 Jun. 2011, LOD PF-3679; ■ Aesculus pavia L.: Szczecin [160]. b d c a Fig. 34 Asteromella aesculicola on Aesculus hippocastanum. a Symptoms of host infection (LOD PF3625). b–d Microscopic structures (WAUF). b Conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 3 cm; b 50 mm; c,d 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 72 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. AUSTRIA. Asteromella aesculicola (Sacc.) Petr. on Aesculus hippocastanum L., Flora Austriae Inferioris, Wien, coll. F. Petrak, Aug. 1960, B 700015148. World distribution. Austria, Italy, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria sp., teleomorph unknown. Notes. In another specimen from Częstochowa Upland (Olsztyn near Częstochowa, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 27 Sep. 1997, LOD PF-976 [136]) no Asteromella conidiomata were found. Asteromella aesculicola (Sacc.) Petr. is treated as a synonym of Leptodothiorella aesculicola (Sacc.) Sivan. by some authors, e.g. Punithalingham [192] and it is followed by Index Fungorum database [13]. Both names are included into synonyms of Guignardia aesculi (Peck) V. B. Stewart. As emphasized by Punithalingham [192], for clarification of the taxonomic status of A. aesculicola examination of the type material is required. Lamiaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Prunella in Poland. Asteromella prunellae (Ellis & Everh.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552454. Basionym: Phyllosticta prunellae Ellis & Everh. (as “brunellae”), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 355 (1894). Description. Lesions absent. Conidiomata dark brown, globose, 98.8–123.5 μm in diam., a few at straw-coloured, dried parts of inflorescences. Conidiophores 2–3-celled, cylindrical, 10–12 × 4 μm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to cylindrical, 5–5.5 × 3.5–4 μm. Conidia rod-shaped, bacterioid, 3.5(–4) × 0.7–1 μm (Fig. 35). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Prunella vulgaris L.: Roztocze National Park, Ścieżka na Bukową Górę path, beech forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 29 May 2005, LOD PF-3626; Gorce National Park, Przełęcz pod Przysłopem, forest roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 10 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3627; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, lawn at forest parking, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Oct. 2007, LOD PF-3628; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, mixed forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 29 Aug. 2012, LOD PF-3629. World distribution. Poland, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. On the Prunella hosts no Asteromella or Mycosphaerella were reported [63]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 73 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c d a e Fig. 35 Asteromella prunellae on Prunella vulgaris (LOD PF-3629). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Conidiomatal tip with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 50 mm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. Liliaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Convallaria and Polygonatum in Poland. Asteromella convallariae (Cavara) Petr. Annals Mycol. 21: 205 (1923). Dendrophoma convallariae Cavara, Revue Mycol., Toulouse 11: 188 (1889); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10: 211 (1892). Description. Leaf lesions brown to brown redish, without margin, oblong to elliptical. Conidiomata amphigenous, in loose groups, slightly emerged above leaf epidermis, greybrown, glassy, globose, up to 98.8 µm in diam. or elliptical, flattened, up to 86.5 × 148.2 µm, ostiolum up to 24.7 µm in diam. Sometimes conidiomata interconnected with dark hyphae visible in the upper part of leaf blade. Conidiophores 3–4-celled, 7–11 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to conical (2–)4.5–5 × 1.3–2(–3) µm. Conidia cylindrical, (3.5–)4–4.5(–6) × 1 µm (Fig. 36). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Convallaria majalis L.: province of Poznań and West Preussia (orig. Provinz Posen and Westpreussen), no locality specified [95]; vicinity of Dąbroszyn near Kostrzyn nad Odrą (orig. Berganlagen bei Tamsel) [96]; Tuszowskie Forests, vicinity of Babule near Tarnobrzeg, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. K. Jankowska, Aug. 1924, WAUF; Silesia, near Stronie Śląskie, Bystrzyca Kłodzka district (orig. Eulenberg bei Seitenberg, Bezirk Habelschwerdt), 24 Aug. 1929, coll. H. Sydow, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 2553, KRA F-192959; Rataje-Zadara, Konin district, coll. H. Nelkenówna, 17 Jul. 1931, WAUF; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, mixed forest, roadside, coll. E. Połeć & M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, 6 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3630; Biebrza National Park, Osowiec Protective Unit, Sośnia, Scots pine forest, coll. M. Wrzosek, 29 Aug. 2013, LOD PF-3672; © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 74 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d f a b c e Fig. 36 Asteromella convallariae on Convallaria majalis. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (WAUF, Rataje-Zadara). b (LOD PF-3672). c–f Microscopic structures (LOD PF-3672). c Conidiomatal wall with layer of conidiogenous cells. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. ■ Polygonatum odoratum (Mill) Druce: Pułtusk, Sosnowa Str., monoculture of Scots pine, 29 Sep. 2007, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3631. Additional specimens studied. FINLAND. Asteromella convallariae (Cavara) Petr. on Convallaria majalis L., Tavastia australis, Valkeakoski, Iivarinkorpi, 17 Aug. 1936, coll. Lauri E. Kari, Plantae Fennicae, B 700015156. GERMANY. Asteromella convallariae (Cavara) Petr. on Convallaria majalis L., Brandenburg, bei Stolpe, Kreis Angermünde, 14 Sep. 1932, coll. H. Sydow, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 2732, KRA F-1932-80. ITALY. Dendrophoma convallariae Cavara on Convallaria majalis L., Jardin botanique de Pavie, summer–autumn, coll. F. Cavara, Roumeguère, Fungi Sel. Gall. Exs., No. 5174, B 700015208. ROMANIA. Dendrophoma convallariae Cavara on Convallaria majalis L., Chicira, 3 Jul. 1957, coll. & ident. illegible, Herbarul Micologic al Institutului Agronomic IASI, WAUF. World distribution. China, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia [177], Sweden [181]. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. ?Mycosphaerella brunneola (Fr.) Johanson ex Oudem., unknown from Poland [163]. Myrsinaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Lysimachia in Poland. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 75 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella lysimachiae (Allesch.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552455. Basionym: Phyllosticta lysimachiae Allesch., Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 4: 31 (1896). Description. Leaf lesions polygonal, major vein-limited, olive at first, later chestnut-coloured, occupying larger areas of withering leaves. Conidiomata amphigenous, evenly and densely distributed in lesions or arranged linearly along the veines, 1/2 of conidiomata emerged above the leaf epidermis, dark brown to black, 61.8–135.9 µm in diam. or eliptical, up to 84.7 × 96.8 µm, with irregular, large, ostiolum, up to 37 µm in diam. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells conical to square-shaped, 3.4–4.9 × 3.5–5 µm. Conidia minute, bacterioid, cylindrical to rod-shaped, 2.5–3–5(–4.5) × 0.6–1(–1.2) µm (Fig. 37). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Lysimachia vulgaris L.: Omelno Reserve near Radzyń Podlaski, Tilio-Carpinetum [191]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Durne Bagno Reserve, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, 20 Oct. 1983, LBL M-23709 [128]; no locality (?Białowieża National Park), riparian forest, coll. W. Mułenko, 25 Aug. 1987, with Ramularia lysimachiae Thüm., LBL M-23710 [128]; Białowieża National Park, Tilio-Carpinetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul.–Oct. 1989, LBL M-23711 [123]; the same locality and collector, Jul.–Oct. 1990, LBL M-23712 [123]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest district 270g, Scots pine monoculture, 30 Sep. 1998, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, LOD PF-1044 [136]; as Asteromella sp., Słowiński National Park, Kluki, Vaccinio c d g a b e f Fig. 37 Asteromella lysimachiae on Lysimachia vulgaris. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (LBL M-23712). b (KRA F-1937-75). c–f Microscopic structures (collection of I. Adamska, Słowiński National Park). c Conidioma. d Conidiomatal tip. e Layer of conidiogenous cells. f Conidiogenous cells. g Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 50 µm; d 10 µm; e 20 µm; f,g 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 76 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, coll. I. Adamska, Oct. 2003, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin [142]; as Phyllosticta letendrei (Sacc.) Allesch., Słowiński National Park, Kluki, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, Sep. 2003, coll. I. Adamska, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin [142]; Łuk Mużakowa Landscape Park, Żary district, Uroczysko Węglińskie Reserve near Węgliny, acidophilic oak forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 28 Aug. 2009, LOD PF-3640; vicinity of Gać Spalska Reserve near Spała, forest pathway near peatbog “Szczurek”, 11 Aug. 2012, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, LOD PF-3641; Biebrza National Park, Kapice Protective Unit, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 28 Aug. 2012, LOD PF-3673 [140]. Additional specimen studied. GERMANY. Phyllosticta lysimachiae Allesch. on Lysimachia vulgaris L., München, Groshosselohe, coll. Schnabl, Sep. 1897, Allescher & Schnabl, Fungi Bav. No. 569, B 700015098; Phyllosticta lysimachiae Allesch. on Lysimachia vulgaris L., Brandenburg, Gross-Berlin, Plänterwald zu Treptow, coll. G. Fahrendorff, 21 Oct. 1937, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3151, KRA F-1937-75. World distribution. Germany, Poland, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria lysimachiae Westend., Ramularia lysimachiae Thüm., both recorded in Poland [168,194]. Teleomorph – Mycosphaerella lysimachiae (Höhn.) Höhn. Notes. Aa and Vanev [5] considered Ph. lysimachiae Allesch. as the Asteromella spermatial state of Mycosphaerella lysimachiae (Höhn.) Höhn., based on the co-incidence of pycnidia and ascomata. However, as there is no unequivocal experimental data to support inclusion of this species in the life cycle of any Mycosphaerella species, the new combination is proposed here. Onagraceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Epilobium (incl. Chamaenerion) in Poland. Asteromella ludwigii Petr. Annals Mycol. 21: 174 (1923). = Phyllosticta chamaenerii Allesch., Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 4: 31 (1896). Description. Conidiomata small, up to 66.7 µm in diam. or 60–75 × 65–90 µm, single or in small groups, black, immersed in tissue of dried, brown to brown-grey lesions, often at the leaf edge, with distinct, dark margin, major vein-limited. Conidiophores 1-celled, 5–5.5 × 1.8–2.2 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to conical, 3–3.5 × 2.2 µm. Conidia in slimy mass, 2.5–3(–4) × 0.7–0.8 µm (Fig. 38). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 77 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b a c e d Fig. 38 Asteromella ludwigii on Chamaenerion angustifolium (LOD PF-3633). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 1 cm; b 50 µm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.: Tatra Mts, Zakopane-Skibówki II, thicket at a roadside, coll. W. Mułenko, 8 Oct. 1986, with Phaeoramularia punctiformis (Schltdl.) U. Braun, LBL M-23713 [183]; Beskid Żywiecki, Góra Grojec Hill near Żywiec, spruce forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 5 Sep. 2006, LOD PF-3632; Biebrza National Park, Werykle Protective Unit, Carska Droga near Grobla Honczarowska causeway, roadside, 26 Aug. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, with Seimatosporium kriegerianum (Bres.) Morgan-Jones & B. Sutton, LOD PF-3633 [141]; ■ Epilobium hirsutum L.: Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, riverside thicket, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 29 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1125 [136]; ■ Epilobium collinum C. C. Gmel.: Gorce National Park, near Jaszcze Małe, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 12 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3634; ■ Epilobium roseum Schreb.: Tatra Mts, Zakopane, near Bristol Hotel, damp thicket, coll. W. Mułenko, 14 Sep. 1987, LBL M-23714 [183]. Notes. In the specimens from Kudowa [on Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., road to Błędne Skały, coll. J. Kućmierz, 6 Aug. 1963, KRA-AR [120]] and from Białowieża National Park (Querco-Pinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul. 1989, LBL M-23715 [123]) no anamorphic fungus was found. Additional specimen studied. GERMANY. Asteromella ludwigii Petr. n. sp. on Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop (= Epilobium angustifolium L.), Westfalen, district of Siegen, Langenholdinghausen, coll. A. Ludwig, Aug. 1926, isotype, B 700015166. SWEDEN. Phyllosticta chamaenerii Allesch. on Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Västergötland, Mösseberg Mt, supra sanatorium, coll. A. G. Eliasson, 18 Sep. 1927, B 700015073. World distribution. Germany, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 78 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Orobanchaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Melampyrum in Poland. Asteromella melampyrina (Aksel) Aa & Vanev in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 310 (2002). Phyllosticta melampyrina Aksel, Trudy Bot. Inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 2, 11: 161 (1956). Description. Leaf lesions of irregular shape, olive, vein-limited, slightly different from surrounding healthy tissue. Conidiomata black, amphigenous but more abundant at the lower leaf surface, in dense groups evenly distributed in the lesion area, confluent, diverse in shape, 98.8–111.2 × 61.8–74.1 µm, or globose, up to 123.5 µm in diam., ostiolum 12.3–37.1 µm in diam, irregular. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, cylindrical, branched at the base, 6–10 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose or conical, thin-walled, 5–5.6 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia cylindric, 3–4 × 1 µm (Fig. 39). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Melampyrum nemorosum L.: Częstochowa Upland, Jaskrów, deciduous forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 6 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3635; Łódź, Las Łagiewnicki Reserve, Calamagrostio-Quercetum, roadside, coll. K. Brózio, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3682; Biebrza National Park, Kapice Protective Unit, Tilio-Carpinetum, 28 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3636; Brzeziny Protective Unit, Grobla Honczarowska causeway, deciduous thicket, 26 Aug. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3637. b a c d e Fig. 39 Asteromella melampyrina on Melampyrum nemorosum (LOD PF-3637). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma cross section. c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b,c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 79 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. LATVIA. Asteromella melampyrina (Aksel) Aa & Vanev on Melampyrum nemorosum L., Gauja National Park, vicinity of Krimulda, mixed forest, 24 Sep. 2005, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3638. World distribution. Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Russia. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. On Melampyrum hosts single Mycosphaerella species was described: M. winteriana (Sacc.) Schroet., that is however the synonym of Didymella winteriana (Sacc.) Petrak, and in its life cycle only Phoma species is known [5,63]. Paeoniaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Paeonia in Poland. Asteromella baldensis (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 11 (1959). Phyllosticta baldensis C. Massal., Memorie Accad. Agr. Sci. Verona, Sér. 3, 65: 82 (1889). Description. Leaf lesions circular to elliptic or oblong, light brown, dried, surrounded with blackening tissue. Conidiomata located in the centre of the lesions or at their edges, grey to greyish brown, in small, becoming large and very dense groups, epiphyllous, (72.6–)86.5– 98.8(–123.5) µm in diam., ostiolum up to 20 µm in diam., cells surrounding ostiolum with thickened walls. Conidiomata co-occur with very young ascomata (up to 50 µm in diam.). Conidiophores cylindric, branched at the base, 1–2-celled, 7.5–12 × (2–)3–4.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells 3–3.4 × 1.8–2 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 2.5–3 × 0.7–1(–1.2) µm (Fig. 40). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Paeonia officinalis L.: Szczecin-Gocław [119,160]; Wola near Pszczyna, damp meadow with Molinion coeruleae, coll. A. Myszka, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & A. Myszka, 16 May 2006, with Graphiopsis chlorocephala Trail, LOD PF-2928; ■ Paeonia sp.: as Phyllosticta paeoniae auct., Bydgoszcz, Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski (?), 5 Aug. 1953, with Septoria paeoniae Westend. and Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter, WA 28513; Łódź, Botanical Garden, Alpinarium (Section III), cultivated, 24 Sep. 2002, coll. M. Siennicka, with Graphiopsis chlorocephala Trail, LOD PF-2274. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Asteromella baldensis (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr. on Paeonia sp. cult, Thüringen, garten in Weimar, coll. J. Bornmüller, Oct. 1943, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 2001, M-0142464. ROMANIA. Phyllosticta baldensis C. Massal. on Paeonia romanica D. Brândză, Muntenia, Vlaşca district, Mihai Bravu, 2 Aug. 1931, coll. & ident. Tr. Săvulescu & C. Sandu, Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman., Fasc. XII, No. 576, KRA F-1931-77. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 80 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland f c e a b d Fig. 40 Asteromella baldensis on Paeonia spp. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a Paeonia officinalis (LOD PF-2928). b Paeonia romanica (KRA F-1931-77). c–f Microscopic structures (WA 28513). c Conidioma surrounded with brownish hyphae. d Conidiomatal wall with layer of conidiogenous cells. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 20 µm; d 10 µm; e,f 5 µm. World distribution. Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Republic of Georgia, Romania, Russia, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Polygonaceae Two Asteromella species have been reported on Polygonum and Rumex in Poland (Tab. 8). They are easily distinguishable due to the extensive black stromata formed by A. aviculariae at host leaves. Recently, Asteromella rumicis (Bondartsev) Aa and Vanev has been reported by Adamska [142] from the Słowiński National Park. In the corresponding specimen (Gać village, Fraxino-Alnetum, on Rumex sanguineus L., May 2005, coll. I. Adamska, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin) only Ramularia rubella (Bonord.) Nannf. and Mycosphaerella cf. insulana Bubák & Syd. are present. Asteromella acetosae (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552456. Basionym: Phyllosticta acetosae Sacc., Michelia 1: 151 (1878). Description. Leaf lesions circular, brownish, very small, up to 3–4 mm in diam. Conidiomata very pale, globose, epiphyllous, immersed in host tissue, 136–148 µm in diam., © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 81 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b a e c d f Fig. 41 Asteromella acetosae on Rumex acetosella (LOD PF-3639). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata. c Conidiomatal wall. d Leaf surface overgrown with brown hyphae. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c,d 20 µm; e,f 5 µm. ostiolum indistinct, surrounded with slightly darker pale brown cells, 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 3–5-celled, branched, flexuosus, 15–25 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose, 4–4.6 × 4 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 4–4.5 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 41). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Rumex acetosa L.: Łódź, Retkinia housing estate, Kusocińskiego Str., lawn, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 3 Aug. 2010, with Septoria acetosae Oudem., LOD PF-3639; ■ Rumex sp. (?obtusifolius L.): Mstów near Częstochowa, beech forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, ident. W. Mułenko, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 15 Nov. 1996, with Ramularia rubella (Bonord.) Nannf., LOD PF-287. Notes. The species was also reported on Rumex acetosella L. from Częstochowa Upland [136]. In corresponding specimen (Złoty Potok, forest section 271a, forest edge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 29 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1077) no anamorphic fungus was confirmed. World distribution. Austria, Australia, China [175], former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, India, Italy, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria acetosae Oudem. [5]; teleomorph unknown. In the specimen LOD PF-287 at the lower leaf surface the lesions caused by Asteromella acetosae were covered with conidiomata of Ramularia rubella (Bonord.) Nannf. Six Mycosphaerella species were described on host from Rumex genus but no spermatial state of them is known [63]. Ranunculaceae Three Asteromella species have been reported on Helleborus, Ranunculus and Trollius in Poland (Tab. 9). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 82 Tab. 8 Asteromella species on Polygonaceae (dimensions in µm). Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. acetosae 136–148 3–5-celled; 15–25 × 4 4–4.6 × 4 4–4.5 × 1–1.2 Rumex A. aviculariae* (67.7–)148–173 - 4–4.6(–5) × 3.5–4.5 3–5 × (0.9–)1–1.5 Polygonum A. rumicis** 60–150 - nd 3.5–4.2 × 0.5–0.8 Rumex * Species included into insufficiently-studied and doubtful species (Chapter 4.5). ** According to Aa and Vanev [5]. nd – no data available. Published by Polish Botanical Society Tab. 9 Asteromella species on Ranunculaceae (dimensions in µm). Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. helleboricola* 70–100 0–2-celled 4–12 × 2.5–3 2.5–4 × 2.5–3 3–5 × 1–1.5 Helleborus A. ranunculi 98.8–160.6 1–4-celled; 8–12(–18) × 2.5–3(–4) 4.5–5.8 × 2.5–3 5–5.5(–6) × 1 Ranunculus A. trollii 74.1–98.8(–123.5) 1–4-celled; 7–14(–20) × (2–)3–4 5.5–6.8 × 2.5–5 (3.5–)4–4.5(–5.5) × 0.8–1 Trollius 83 * Species included into insufficiently-studied and doubtful species (Chapter 4.5). Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella ranunculi (Fuckel) Vanev & Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 392 (2002). Phyllosticta ranunculi (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 37 (1884), nom. illegit. Art. 53.1, non Ph. ranunculi Sacc. & Speg. (1878). Ascochyta ranunculi Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 1: 387 (1869). Description. Leaf lesions small, up to 5 mm in diam., pale grey or pale brown, limited with minor leaf veins. Conidiomata globose, pale grey, pale brown or blackish, hypophyllous, papillate, 98.8–160.6 µm in diam., up to 3/4 of conidiomata emerged above leaf epidermis, ostiolum up to 48.4 µm in diam, in some specimens it is surrounded with cells with thickened wall. Conidiophores 1–4-celled, cylindric, 8–12(–18) × 2.5–3(–4) µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 4.5–5.8 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia cylindric, 5–5.5(–6) × 1 µm (Fig. 42). Conidiomata accompanied by numerous ascomatal primordia and immature ascomata. Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Ranunculus acris L.: near Legnica, coll. Gerhardt, 4 Jan. 1874, WRSL; Ojców National Park, Ojców, at the Prądnik River, meadow, coll. J. Kućmierz, 11 Sep. 1962, KRA-AR [124,125]; ■ Ranunculus lanuginosus L.: Ojców National Park, at the base of Zamkowa Mt, TilioCarpinetum, coll. J. Kućmierz, 17 Sep. 1964, KRA-AR [124,125]; Ojców National Park, Pieskowa Skała [124]; ■ Ranunculus lingua L.: Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Długie Lake, Salici-Franguletum, coll. W. Mułenko, 19 Sep. 1982, LBL M-23737 [128]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Długie Lake, Salici-Franguletum, coll. W. Mułenko, 24 Sep. 1983, with Erysiphe aquilegiae DC., LBL M-23716 [128]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Długie Lake, Salici-Franguletum, coll. W. Mułenko, 24 Sep. 1983, with Erysiphe aquilegiae DC., LBL M-23716 [128]; Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Bikcze Lake, Scirpo-Phragmitetum [128]; as Phyllosticta b c a d Fig. 42 Asteromella ranunculi on Ranunculus spp. a Symptoms of host infection (Ranunculus lanuginosus, KRA-AR). b–d Microscopic structures (Ranunculus lingua, LBL M-23716). b Conidioma with ostiolum. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 10 µm; c,d 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 84 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland ranunculorum Sacc. & Speg., Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul. 1988, LBL M-23717 [123]. Notes. Asteronmella ranunculi was also reported from two other localities: from Huzary Mt in Beskid Sądecki by Starmachowa [118] and from Słowiński National Park by Adamska [142]. In the scanty specimen from Huzary Mt near Krynica-Zdrój (Phyllosticta ranunculi on Ranunculus repens L., coll. B. Starmachowa, 8 Aug. 1962, KRAM F-9829) the two pieces of R. repens leaves host no anamorphic fungus. Re-examination of the specimen from the Słowiński National Park (Asteromella ranunculi on Ranunculus acris L., Kluki, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, coll. I. Adamska, Sep. 2004, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin) revealed only conidiomata of Sporonema species intermixed with ascomata of Leptotrochila ranunculi (Fr.) Schüepp. Additional specimen studied. AUSTRIA. as Phyllosticta ranunculorum Sacc. & Speg. on Ranunculus aconitifolius L., Kleinwalsertal, locality illegibile, coll. A. Ludwig, 17 Aug. 1929, Herbarium Dr. A. Ludwig. Flora von Bayern, B 700015121. World distribution. Austria, Germany, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella trollii (Trail) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 14 (1959). Phyllosticta trollii Trail, Scott. Nat. N.S. 4: 70 (1889). Description. Leaf lesions oblong, dark brown, greying over time, limited with minor leaf veins. Conidiomata hypophyllous, “attached” to lower epidermis, pale to dark brown, glassy, slightly whitening in centre, 74.1–98.8(–123.5) µm in diam., the erected part of conidiomata surrounded with clypeus-like structure built with darker cells. Conidiophores 1–4-celled, branched at the base, 7–14(–20) × (2–)3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose, 5.5–6.8 × 2.5–5 µm. Conidia cylindrical, (3.5–)4–4.5(–5.5) × 0.8–1 µm (Fig. 43). Conidiomata intermixed with young ascomata and ascomatal primordia. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Trollius europaeus L.: Ojców National Park, Ojców, “Góra Spalona” Mt, sunny slope, coll. J. Kućmierz, 11 Sep. 1962, KRA-AR [124,125]. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Phyllosticta trollii Trail on Trollius europaeus L., Westphalia, Siegen district, at Winterbach near Oberdresselndorf, coll. A. Ludwig, 18 Aug. 1926, with Septoria trollii Sacc. & G. Winter, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 2731, KRA F-1926-55; Asteromella trollii (Trail) H. Ruppr. on Trollius europaeus L., Westphalia, Siegen district, at Winterbach near Oberdresselndorf, coll. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, 1 Sep. 1931, with Septoria trollii Sacc. & G. Winter, Herbarium Dr. A. Ludwig, Flora von Westfalen, B 700015200; Asteromella trollii (Trail) H. Ruppr. on Trollius europaeus L., Stegskopf, district © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 85 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b d c e a Fig. 43 Asteromella trollii on Trollius europaeus. a Symptoms of host infection (KRA-AR). b–d Microscopic structures (B 700015200). b Conidioma with ostiolum. c Conidiomatal tip below leaf stomata. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5µm. of Altenkirchen, coll. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, 3 Aug. 1932, with Septoria trollii Sacc. & G. Winter, Herbarium Dr. A. Ludwig, Flora von Westfalen, B 700015201. UKRAINE. Phyllosticta trollii Trail on Trollius europaeus L., Czarnochora, Szpyć Mt, coll. B. Namysłowski, 25 Jul. 1907, KRAM F-13281 [102,103]. World distribution. Germany, Great Britain (Scotland), Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Republic of Georgia, Russia [177], Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Rhamnaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Rhamnus in Poland. Asteromella vogelii (A. Henkel) Petr. Annals Mycol. 22: 135 (1924). Stictochorella vogelii A. Henkel, Annals Mycol. 21: 144 (1923). = Depazea rhamnicola Lasch, Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. Ed., No. 567. Description. Leaf lesions dirty brown, irregular, without margin, limited with small leaf veins, leaf lamina slightly thickened. Conidiomata apricot-brown to chocolate-brown, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 86 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland amphigenous, densely and evenly distributed or linearly in loose to dense groups, (53–) 74.1–98.8 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 7–8.6 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindric to subglobose, 4–5.2 × 2–3.5 µm. Conidia rodshaped, mostly slightly curved, (4–)5–6 × 1–1.5 µm (Fig. 44). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Rhamnus cathartica L.: as Depazea rhamnicola Lasch on Rhamus, Drezdenko, Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. Ed., No. 567, coll. Lasch, WRSL; as Phyllosticta rhamnicola Desm., Bydgoszcz, IHAR Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski, 15 Aug. 1955, WA 28510; as Phyllosticta rhamnicola Desm., Stawska Góra Reserve near Chełm, xerothermic meadow, coll. B. Sałata, 6 Nov. 1989, LBL M-23718; Kampinos National Park, Bieliny, reed of alliance Phalaridetum arundinaceae with patches of community with Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & D. Michalska-Hejduk, 10 Jul. 2012, LOD PF-3479. Notes. In the material from Częstochowa Upland [136] (Olsztyn near Częstochowa, OriganoBrachypodietum xerothermic meadow, 21 Sep. 1999, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-987) no Asteromella fungus was confirmed; only single conidiomata of Coniothyrium olivaceum Bonord. are present. Additional specimens studied. AUSTRIA. Asteromella vogelii (A. Henkel) Petr. on Rhamnus cathartica L., Hundsheimerkogel near Hainburg, Niederdonau, coll. F. Petrak, Sep. 1940, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 708, M-0142472 and B 700015205. GERMANY. Asteromella vogelii (A. Henkel) Petr. on Rhamnus cathartica L., Brandenburg, Lebus district, between d b a c e Fig. 44 Asteromella vogelii on Rhamnus cathartica. a Symptoms of host infection (KRA F-1940-62). b–d Microscopic structures (LOD PF-3479). b Conidioma with extruded mass of conidia. c Conidiomatal tip (arrow). d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 87 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Dahmsdorf and Münchehofe, coll. H. Sydow, 20 Sep. 1940, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3559, KRA F-1940-62. World distribution. Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Passalora rhamni (Fuckel) U. Braun, recorded in Poland in Pieniny Mts [195]; Mycosphaerella vogelii (P. Syd.) Tomilin, unknown in Poland [163]. Rosaceae Eight Asteromella species has been reported on Agrimonia, Chaenomeles, Crataegus, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa and Sorbus in Poland. No significant differences in dimensions was observed among the species (Tab. 10). Only A. rosicola differs from other species with textura dermoidea of the conidiomatal wall. Asteromella bacilloides (Dominik) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552458. Basionym: Phyllosticta bacilloides Dominik, Sprawozdanie Komisji Fizjograficznej 70: 52 (1936). Description. Leaf lesions chocolate brown, circular, 3–8 mm in diam, drying. Conidiomata in small groups, hypophyllous, grey, immersed in host tissue, hardly visible in surrounding tissue, 61.8–98.8 µm in diam. (according to Dominik [165]: 54–95 µm in diam.), ostiolum invisible. Conidiophores 1–3-celled, branched at the base, 8–12 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose, 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia cylindrical, slightly rod-shaped, (3–)3.5–4(– 4.5) × 0.7–1 µm (according to Dominik [165]: 2.8–3.9 × 0.56–0.84 µm) (Fig. 45). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach.: Poznań, Dendrological Garden, coll. T. Dominik, 30 Oct. 1934 [165]; Łódź, Botanical Garden, Alpinarium (Section III), coll. M. Siennicka, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & M. Siennicka, 24 Sep. 2002, LOD PF2302; Łódź, Żeńców Str., garden, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 16 Oct. 2011, LOD PF-3685, neotype designated here (IF 552460). Notes. Holotype was not found in any of the Polish herbaria. Most probably it was lost during the World War II as the other specimens of prof. Tadeusz Dominik (prof. T. Majewski, personal communication, 2014). World distribution. Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Asteromella sp. on Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne was observed by Norin and Rumpunen [198] in material from Latvia. On this host a single Mycosphaerella species © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 88 Tab. 10 Asteromella species on Rosaceae (dimensions in µm). Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. bacilloides 61.8–98.8 1–3-celled; 8–12 × 3–3.5 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 (3–)3.5–4(–4.5) × 0.7–1 Chaenomeles A. mali* Up to 98.8 nd nd 3.5 × 1 Malus A. pruni-mahaleb 49.4–74.1 1-celled; 5×3 3×3 3–3.8 × 0.8–1 Prunus s. l. A. pyricola 61.8–123.5 or up to 98.8 × 135.9 1-celled; 5.5–6 × 4 3.5–5.5 × 3–3.5 (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.8–1(–1.2) Pyrus A. rosicola 49.4–98.8(–113) 1–3-celled; 5–15 × 3–4 4.5–5(–6) × 3–3.5 3–4.5 × 1 Rosa A. rupprechtii 37.1–86.5 – 5–8 × 2.5–3 2–3(–3.4) × 0.7–0.8(–1) Agrimonia A. trautmanniana 58–72.6 1–2-celled; 5–6 × (2–)3–4 3–4 × 1.8–2 (3–)4.5–7.5 × (0.6–)1–1.5 Sorbus A. vulgaris 74.1–98.8 – 7–8 × 3.5–4 (3–)3.5–5 × 1 Crataegus * Species included into insufficiently-studied and doubtful species (Chapter 4.5). nd – no data available. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 89 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c e a d Fig. 45 Asteromella bacilloides on Chaenomeles japonica (neotype, LOD PF-3685). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata. c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. – M. chaenomelis Y. Suto, with Cercosporella anamorph and without data on spermatial state was described [199]. As the symptoms of host infection are very similar to these caused by A. bacilloides, it could constitute a part of that Mycosphaerella life cycle. Asteromella pruni-mahaleb (Pass.) Bedlan J. Kulturpflanzen 66,3: 93 (2014). Phyllosticta pruni-mahaleb Pass., in Passerini, Thümen & Brunaud, J. d’Hist. Nat. 4(4): 54 (1885). = Phyllosticta passerinii Berl. & Voglino, in Saccardo, Syll. Fung., Addit. I–IV (Abellini): 285 (1886). = Phyllosticta mahaleb Pass., J. d’Hist. Nat. Bordeaux 4(1): 16 (1885), nom. illegit. Art. 53.1, non Phyllosticta mahaleb Thüm. (1880). = Phyllosticta minutissima Kabát & Bubák, Öst. Bot. Z. 54: 2 (1904), nom. illegit. Art. 53.1, non Phyllosticta minutissima Ellis & Everh. (1891). Description. Leaf lesions yellow to dark brown, small, polygonal, vein-limited. Conidiomata mainly hypophyllous, globose, black, small, 49.4–74.1 µm in diam., with distinct ostiolum, up to 12.3–24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1-celled, unbranched, 5 × 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose to square-shaped, 3 × 3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, both ends rounded, 3–3.8 × 0.8–1 µm (Fig. 46). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Cerasus avium (L.) Moench: Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Wycieczkowa Str., near the parking, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Oct. 2007, LOD PF-3694; Biebrza National Park, Osowiec Protective Unit, Góra Skobla, deciduous forest, 27 Aug. 2013, coll. E. Sucharzewska, ident. M. Dynowska & E. Sucharzewska, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, deposited in the Fungal Collection of Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn [141]; ■ Padus avium Mill. (= Prunus padus L.): Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jun.–Nov. 1989, with Pucciniastrum areolatum (Fries) Otth, LBL M-23719 [123]; Biebrza National Park, Kapice Protective Unit, Tilio-Carpinetum, 28 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3643 [140]; © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 90 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland c a b d g e f Fig. 46 Asteromella pruni-mahaleb on Padus spp. a,b,f,g Symptoms of host infection. a Padus avium (LBL M-23719). b Padus serotina (LOD PF- 3683). c,d Microscopic structures (LOD PF-3683). c Conidioma. d Conidiogenous cells and conidia. e–g Asteromella passerinii Rupprecht nom. herb. on Padus avium (B 700015173). Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 20 µm d 5 µm. ■ Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh.: Załęcze Landscape Park, Stawiska Reserve, deciduous forest, 19 Sep. 1997, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, LOD PF-3644; Grądy nad Moszczenicą Reserve, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. & ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & E. Połeć, 10 Aug. 2006, LOD PF-3706; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Tilio-Carpinetum calamagrostietosum, forest roadside, coll. A. Kuchnik, 25 Aug. 2007, LOD PF-3683; same locality, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, forest roadside, coll. A. Kuchnik, 28 Jul. 2007, LOD PF-3684; ■ Prunus domestica L.: Dukla near Krosno [200]; Szczecin-Pogodno [119,160]. World distribution. Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Teleomorph unknown. Aptroot [63] listed in total nine Mycosphaerella species on Prunus. Notes. The second Asteromella species associated with Prunus is A. cerasicola (Speg.) H. Ruppr. (cf. [5]) that has a little bigger conidia (according to Vanev and Aa [10]: 4 × 1 µm). The specimen of Phyllosticta passerinii from B reference collection (B 700015173) has a new combination A. passerinii (Fig. 46e–g) that was most probably proposed by H. Rupprecht but was never published. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 91 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella pyricola (Sacc. & Speg.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres Bot. Közl. 39: 192 (1942). Phyllosticta pyricola Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1: 153 (1878). Description. Leaf lesions chocolate brown, limited with minor leaf veins, angled, with indistinct margin or whitened, convex and with dark brown margin. Conidiomata hypophyllous, immersed, black, globose, 61.8–123.5 µm in diam. or elliptic, up to 98.8 × 135.9 µm, ostiolum up to 24.7 µm. Conidiophores 1-celled, 5.5–6 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose to cylindrical, 3.5–5.5 µm in diam. or 3.5–5.5 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.8–1(–1.2) µm (Fig. 47). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Pyrus communis L.: Jakóbkowice (currently Łososina Dolna) and Klęczany near Nowy Sącz, wild growing trees, coll. J. Zabłocki, ident. W. Zabłocka, rev. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 8 and 10 Sep. 1927, with Phyllosticta pyrina Sacc., WA 21969; Mielnik, Góra Rowska, xerothermic thicket, coll. W. Mułenko, 10 Sep. 1981, LBL M-23720 [132]; Bug River Valley, Neple, meadow, coll. M. Danilkiewicz, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 8 Oct. 1981, LBL M-23721; Łódź, Jaracza Str., urban greenery, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 18 Oct. 2003, with Septoria pyricola Desm., LOD PF- 3688; Częstochowa Upland, Jaskrów, deciduous forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 6 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3645; Łódź, Las Łagiewnicki Reserve, Potentillo albae-Quercetum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & K. Brózio, 8 Sep. 2007, with Ochropsora ariae (Fuckel) Ramsb., LOD PF-3674. Aditional specimens studied. BELARUS. Asteromella pyricola (Sacc. & Speg.) Moesz on Pyrus communis L., Polesie, Łuniniec district, Dworzec, coll. H. Jur.(aszkówna?), ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 20 Sep. 1930, with Phyllosticta pyrina Sacc. and Septoria pyricola c e a b d Fig. 47 Asteromella pyricola on Pyrus communis. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a (B 700015180). b (LBL M-23720). c–e Microscopic structures (B 700015180). c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 92 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Desm., WA 21961. FRANCE. Asteromella pyricola (Sacc. & Speg.) Moesz on Pyrus communis L., Auriol near Marseille, coll. Berber, rev. H. Rupprecht, 11 Oct. 1950, with Septoria pyricola Desm., B 700015180. World distribution. Belarus, Brazil, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Poland, Russia (Siberia) [201], Turkey [182], Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella rosicola (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 14 (1959). Phyllosticta rosicola C. Massal., Atti Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti 59: 687 (1900). = Phyllosticta kurskiana Bondartsev, Mater. Mikol. Obslêd. Ross 5 (2): 2 (1921). Description. Leaf lesions oblong to circular, pale brown, bordered with violet, indefinite margin. Conidiomata hypophyllous, evenly distributed in lesion tissue, brown, globose to subglobose, 49.4–98.8(–113) µm in diam. Outer layer of conidiomatal wall built of textura epidermoidea. Conidiophores 1–3-celled, 5–15 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells subglobose 4.5–5(–6) × 3–3.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped to cylindrical, 3–4.5 × 1 µm (Fig. 48). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Rosa sp.: Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 1, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23722 [159]; Łódź, Botanical Garden, Japanese Garden (Section I), coll. M. Siennicka, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & M. Siennicka, 24 Sep. 2002, LOD PF-2304. b a d c e Fig. 48 Asteromella rosicola on Rosa sp. a Symptoms of host infection (LBL M-23722). b Group of conidiomata (KRAM F-10274). c–e (LOD PF-2304). c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c 50 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 93 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Phyllosticta rosicola C. Massal. on Rosa arvensis L., Upper Bavaria, Schwarteweg near Füssen, coll. H. Sydow, 26 Aug. 1912, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 1113, KRAM F-10274 and WRSL. ITALY. Phyllosticta rosicola C. Massal. on Rosa gallica L., Dorfe Marcemigo, province of Verona, coll. C. Massalongo, 10 Oct. 1904, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs. No. 204, B 700015123. ROMANIA. Phyllosticta rosicola C. Massal. on Rosa gallica L., Prahova district, Chițorani, coll. Tr. Săvulescu & C. Sandu, 13 Sep. 1930, Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman., Fasc. VIII, No. 363, KRA F-1930-107. World distribution. China, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella rupprechtii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, spec. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552457. = Depazea agrimoniae Lasch, in Klotzsch Herb. Mycol., No. 1356 (1849); non Phyllosticta agrimoniae (Lasch) Allesch. ex Died. (1915). Etymology: in reference to Heinrich von Rupprecht, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the study of Asteromella species. Description. Leaf lesions pale brown, irregular to oblong, small at first, enlarging and covering large leaf areas, with or without margin. Conidiomata evenly distributed in the lesions, globose, dark brown to blackish, small, 37.1–86.5 µm in diam., immersed in the host tissue, small apical part with ostiolum emerged up to 72 µm above the host epidermis, ostiolum distinct, surrounded with ring of darker cells, 9.88–15 µm in diam. Conidiogenous cells subglobose, 5–8 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia scarce, cylindrical, 2–3(–3.5) × 0–7.0.8(–1) µm (Fig. 49). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Agrimonia eupatoria L. s. l.: Drezdenko, coll. W. G. Lasch, no date, Klotzsch Herb. Mycol., No. 1356 (1849), WRSL, lectotype, designated here; Drezdenko, Jeże near Gorzów Wielkopolski [96]; Rataje near Kalisz, coll. H. Nelkenówna, 1 Nov. 1931, with Pucciniastrum agrimoniae (Dietel) Tranzschel, WAUF; Ojców National Park, near the castle at Grodzisko, sunny, southern slope, coll. J. Kućmierz, 22 Oct. 1965, KRA-AR [124,125]; Murawy Dobromierskie Reserve near Przedbórz, xerothermic grassland, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 14 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3642; Western Pomerania, Ińsko Landscape Park, Perłówkowe Buki Reserve, beech forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 7 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3687. Notes. In the material from KRA-AR, despite systemic infection of the leaves, only empty conidiomata and immature ascomata were found. Additional specimens studied. POLAND. Depazea agrimoniae Lasch on Agrimonia eupatoria L., near Drezdenko, no locality or date given, coll. Lasch, isotype of Phyllosticta agrimoniae (Lasch) Allesch. ex Died., with note of van der Aa [“poorly developed Septoria © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 94 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c e d g f a Fig. 49 Asteromella rupprechtii on Agrimonia eupatoria. a,b Symptoms of host infection (LOD PF3642). a Host leaves. b Leaf lesion with conidiomata. c–g Microscopic structures (lectotype, WRSL). c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiomatal tip emerging through leaf stomata. e Details of conidiomatal wall around ostiolum. f Conidiogenous cells. g Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 2 mm; c,d 20 µm; e 10 µm; f,g 5 µm. agrimoniae-eupatoriae Bommer. & Rouss. and Asteromella state of some Mycosphaerella spec. (may be Myc. agrimoniae Sydow – Annls. Mycol. Berol. 40: 200. 1942, which is also described together with an Asteromella spermatial state). Notes made by Allescher, and mentioned by Diedicke, 1915: 19 were not present when I studied this specimen.”], B 700015059. GERMANY. Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd. nov. spec. on Agrimonia eupatoria L., Brandenburg, Tiefensee, Kreis Oberbarnim, coll. H. Sydow, 15 Apr. 1941, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3501, isotype, KRA F-1941-16 [196]. World distribution. Denmark, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. The species description is based on the isotype of Depazea agrimoniae Lasch from WRSL and the isotype of Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd., housed in KRA (KRA F-194116), which contains a number of empty conidiomata (Fig. 49). The characters of the rest of the Polish specimens studied fit the above-given characteristics. Lasch’s specimen of Depazea agrimoniae deposited in B herbarium was a base of Phyllosticta agrimoniae (Lasch) Allesch. ex Died. [96]. However, Diedicke [96] did not see any fungus in the above-mentioned specimen when reallocating the species into Phyllosticta. Thus, in the characteristics of Ph. agrimoniae, Diedicke [96] quoted Allescher’s note describing the spores as very small, ovoidal to oblong (elongated), 3–5 × 1.5–3 µm, hyaline and without guttules (sehr klein, eiförmig oder länglich, 3–5 µ lang, 1.5–3 µ dick, hyalin, ohne Oltröpfchen). Similar, Phoma-like species [conidia colourless, oblong-ellipsoidal, 3–5(–7) © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 95 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland × (1.5–)2–3 µm] was observed by Andrianova and Minter [197] as co-occurring with Septoria agrimoniicola Bondartsev, S. agrimoniae-eupatoriae E. Bommer & M. Rousseau and Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd. The characteristics given by Allescher [96] and Andrianova and Minter [197] greatly differ from the spore characters observed by myself in the specimen of D. agrimoniae from WRSL. My observations instead match the description given by Sydow [196], who characterized the fungus as co-occurring with Mycosphaerella agrimoniae. Additionally, Aa and Vanev [5] saw Asteromella-like fungus when re-examining the Depazea agrimonie in Herbarium Berolinense. Asteromella trautmanniana (Moesz) Moesz Bot. Közl. 39: 314 (1942). Phyllosticta trautmanniana Moesz, Bot. Közl. 22: 43 (1924). Description. Leaf lesions small, 3–5 mm in diam., yellowish, later brown to dark grey, circular or oblong to irregular, occupying leaf tips, vein-limited, most often at the small, dried tips of the leaves. Conidiomata black, small, 58–72.6 µm in diam., immersed, epiphyllous, usually very few and evenly distributed in a lesions, ostiolum up to 17 µm. Conidiophores cylindrical, 1–2-celled, 5–6 × (2–)3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose to cylindrical, 3–4 × 1.8–2 µm. Conidia cylindrical to somewhat rod-shaped, (3–)4.5–7.5 × (0.6–)1–1.5 µm (Fig. 50). c b a d e f Fig. 50 Asteromella trautmanniana on Sorbus aucuparia (LOD PF-3675). a Symptoms of host infection: arrows indicate small lesions with conidiomata. b Conidioma. c Conidiomatal tip. d,e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c 10 µm; d–f 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 96 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Sorbus aucuparia L.: Białowieża National Park, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Querco-Pinetum, Pino-Quercetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul.–Oct. 1988, LBL M-23723 [123]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 23 Aug. 1998, LOD PF-1262 [136]; Częstochowa Upland, Jaskrów, deciduous forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 6 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3646; Gorce National Park, near Jaszcze Małe, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 12 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3647; Łódź, municipal park, coll. D. Papierz, 1 Sep. 2006, LOD PF-3074; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest, forest roadside, coll. & ident. E. Połeć, 7 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3698; Grądy nad Moszczenicą Reserve, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. E. Połeć, 10 Aug. 2006, LOD PF-3649; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 28 Jul. 2007, LOD PF-3648; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Calamagrostio-Quercetum, coll. K. Brózio, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3675; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, Potentillo albaeQuercetum, coll. E, Połeć, 16 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3650; Biebrza National Park, Grzędy Protective Unit, mixed forest, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF3651 [140]; same locality, deciduous forest, 30 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3652 [140]; same locality, Brzeziny Protective Unit, Grobla Honczarowska causeway, deciduous thicket, 26 Aug. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF3653 [141]; same locality, Grzędy Protective Unit, deciduous thicket, 27 Aug. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3654 [141]; same locality, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum, 29 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3655 [141]; same locality, Osowiec Protective Unit, Sośnia, dune, 27 Aug. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3656 [141]. World distribution. Hungary, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella vulgaris Thüm. Mycoth. Univ. (1878) No. 1892; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10: 211 (1892). = Phyllosticta crataegi Speg., Michelia 1: 483 (1879). = Phyllosticta crataegicola Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 6 (1884), nom. superfl. Description. Leaf lesions polygonal, pale brown, vein-limited, in some specimens with brown margin, often confluent and covering large area of the leaves. Conidiomata numerous, evenly distributed, hypophyllous, immersed, pale brown, 74.1–98.8 µm in diam., intermixed with globose, dark brown young ascomata. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells in rows, cylindrical, 7–8 × 3.5–4 µm. Conidia abundant, rod-shaped, (3–)3.5–5 × 1 µm (slightly longer than in description: 3.5–4.5 µm) (Fig. 51). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.: Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 10, coll. B. Wojdyło, 29 Sep. 1999, LBL M-23724 [159]; © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 97 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d b a c Fig. 51 Asteromella vulgaris on Crataegus monogyna (LBL M-23726). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata (left conidioma below leaf stoma). c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c,d 5 µm. ■ Crataegus lavellei Herinq.: Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 49, coll. B. Wojdyło, 26 Jul. 1999, LBL M-23725 [159]; ■ Crataegus monogyna Jacq.: Bolestraszyce, Arboretum, stand No. 9, coll. B. Wojdyło, 30 Oct. 1998, LBL M-23726; same locality, stand and collector, 29 Sep. 1999, LBL M-23727, both reported in [159]; Słowiński National Park, Gać, Fraxino-Alnetum, Sep. 2003, coll. I. Adamska, deposited in Fungal Collection of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin [142]; ■ Crataegus nigra Wald.: Bolestraszyce, Arboretum [159]; ■ Crataegus sp.: Łódź, municipal park, coll. D. Papierz, 1 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-3063; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Wycieczkowa Str., near the parking, coll. M. RuszkiewiczMichalska, 21 Oct. 2007, LOD PF-3693; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, thermophilous oak forest, coll. & ident. E. Połeć & M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 16 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3705; Kampinos National Park, Bieliny, fresh meadow of alliance Arrhenatherion, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & D. Michalska-Hejduk, 10 Jul. 2012, LOD PF-3503. Notes. In one of the above-listed materials from Bolestraszyce Arboretum (LBL M-23725) conidiomata of Asteromella vulgaris (= Ph. crataegicola) are adhered to conidiomata of Phoma sp., that most probably was identified by Wojdyło as Ph. michailovskoensis Elenkin & Ohl (as indicated at the label). In the same specimen Ascochyta crataegicola Allesch. was revealed, too. Additional specimens studied. ITALY. Asteromella vulgaris Thüm. nov. spec. on Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. (= Crataegus oxyacanthoides Thuill.), Collechio near Parma, Oct. 1878, coll. Passerini, Thümen, Mycoth. Univ., No. 1892, WRSL; Asteromella vulgaris Thüm. nov. spec., Crataegus oxyacanthoides Thuill., Collechio near Parma, Oct. 1878, coll. Passerini, Thümen, Herb. Mycol. Oecon., No. 734, WRSL. World distribution. Armenia, Canada, China, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia (Siberia) [201], Ukraine, USA. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 98 Asteromella species on Salicaceae (dimensions in µm). Published by Polish Botanical Society Taxon Conidioma Conidiophore Conidiogenous cell Conidium Host A. osteospora 61.8–74.1 - 5×3 4.5–5 × 1–1.2 Populus A. populina 86.5–123.5 1–2-celled; 10–18 × 4 6–6.4 × 4 6–8 × 1 Populus A. salicina 61.8–84.7 1-celled; 4–8.3 × 3–4 2–3(–3.5) × 2.3–3.4 3–3.5 × 0.8–1 Salix Monogr Bot 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Tab. 11 99 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Phloeospora oxyacanthae (Kunze & J. C. Schmidt) Wallr,, recorded in Poland repeatedly [202]; Mycosphaerella crataegi (Fuckel) Johanson ex Oudem., not reported from Poland [163]. Salicaceae Three Asteromella species have been reported on Populus and Salix in Poland. Species reported from Populus hosts differ in the lack of conidiophores in A. osteospora, as observed in the Polish collections (Tab. 11). There are no data on conidiophores in type collection as it was not seen by Aa and Vanev [5], who however consider the species to be polyphagous. Asteromella salicina has smaller conidia than both species associated with Populus. Asteromella osteospora (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. Sydowia 13: 12 (1959). Phyllosticta osteospora Sacc., Michelia 1: 531 (1879). Description. Leaf spots indistinct, whitish to yellowish, vein-limited, small, numerous but not merged. Conidiomata scarce in a spot, brown to dark brown, in small groups, hypophyllous, 61.8–74.1 µm in diam., ostiolum absent. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 5 × 3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 4.5–5 × 1–1.2 µm (Fig. 52). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Populus alba L.: no locality [203]; ■ Populus deltoides Marshall (= P. angulata Aiton): no locality [203]; ■ Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm. [= P. × euramericana (Dode) Guinier]: no locality [203]; ■ Populus nigra L.: Bydgoszcz, coll. A. Michalski, 6 Aug. 1950, WA 28512; ■ Populus simonii Carrière: no locality [203]; ■ Populus sp.: Tuszowskie Forests, vicinity of Babule near Tarnobrzeg, Aug. 1924, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. K. Jankowska, with Septoria populi Desm. and Melampsora populnea (Pers.) P. Karst., WAUF; ■ Populus × tomentosa Carrière: no locality [203]. c b a d e Fig. 52 Asteromella osteospora on Populus nigra (KRAM F-10304). a,b Symptoms of host infection. c Conidioma with ostiolum. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 3 cm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 100 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. FRANCE. Phyllosticta osteospora Sacc. on Populus nigra L., Kreuzberg near Forbach, Lothringen, coll. A. Ludwig, 24 Oct. 1912, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 1180, KRAM F-10304. GERMANY. Asteromella osteospora (Sacc.) Ruppr. on Populus nigra L., Niederhomburg, district of Forbach, coll. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, 1 Nov. 1913, B 700015172. World distribution. Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey [182], Ukraine, USA (Alaska). Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. On Populus species three Asteromella and nine Mycosphaerella species were recorded worldwide [10,63]. Asteromella populina (Fuckel) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552461. Basionym: Depazea populina Fuckel, Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Herzogth. Nassau 15: 46 (1860). non Phyllosticta populina (Fuckel) Sacc. (1878), non Phyllosticta populina Pers. (1818), nec Phyllosticta intermixta Seaver (1922). Description. Leaves densely covered with small, pale brown vein limited lesions, the rest of the leaf lamina yellowish. Conidiomata hypophyllous, evenly distributed on whole leaves, including single, minute, circular, silver spots probably caused by other fungus. Conidiomata greyish brown to black, papillate, 86.5–123.5 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 37.1 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 10–18 × 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose to cylindrical, 6–6.4 × 4 µm. Conidia cylindrical, small percent slightly rod-shaped and curved, 6–8 × 1 µm (Fig. 53). b c d a Fig. 53 Asteromella populina on Populus nigra (KRAM F-13266). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 2.5 cm; c,d 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 101 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Populus alba L.: no locality [203]; ■ Populus × berolinensis K. Koch: no locality [203]; ■ Populus deltoides Marshall (= P. angulata Aiton): no locality [203]; ■ Populus nigra L.: Obrębiec, Przasnysz district [99], re-reported by Trzebiński et al. [109] as hosted by Populus sp.; Zagórzany near Gorlice, coll. B. Namysłowski, Sep. 1907, KRAM F-13266 [102,103]; Szczecin-Pomorzany [119,160]; ■ Populus simonii Carrière: no locality [203]; ■ Populus × tomentosa Carrière: no locality [203]; ■ Populus tremula L.: no locality [203]; ■ Populus tremuloides Michx.: no locality [203]; ■ Populus wilsonii C. K. Schneid.: no locality [203]. Notes. The species was also reported on Populus tremula L. from Tilio-Carpinetum in Białowieża National Park [123]. In the corresponding specimen (Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, Pino-Quercetum, Querco-Piceetum, Peucedano-Pinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul. 1989, LBL M-23728) no anamorphic fungus was found. Corresponding notes at the envelope made by W. Mułenko suggest a Phoma species (conidiomata 120–150 µm in diam., conidia 6–10 × 3–4.5 µm). World distribution. Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russia [177], Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria populi Desm., repeatedly recorded in Poland [194], and Mycosphaerella populi (Auersw.) J. Schroet. known only from Silesia [163]. Notes. Phyllosticta populina (Fuckel) Sacc. (later homonym of Ph. populina Pers.) and its noven novum – Phyllosticta intermixta Seaver are not included into synonyms of Asteromella populina. In the opinion of Aa and Vanev [5], Saccardo [204] based a new combination on the study of a secondary collection (originating from Selva) and not on Fuckel’s specimen. Furthermore, Saccardo [204] focused on another fungus, describing most likely a Coniothyrium species. Aa and Vanev [5] examined a holotype (in L) and accepted Ph. populina (Fuckel) Sacc. as the spermatial state of Mycosphaerella populi. A genetic connection between Phyllosticta populina and Mycosphaerella populi was not verified and was not mentioned by Klebahn [20], who experimentally proved the connection of M. populi and Septoria populi. As there are no unequivocal experimental data to support inclusion of Phyllosticta populina into life cycle of any of the 19 Mycosphaerella species described on Populus [63], the new combination is proposed here. Asteromella salicina (Kabát & Bubák) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Index Fungorum No. IF 552459. Basionym: Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 44: 351 (1905). © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 102 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Description. Leaf lesions olive brown, irregular, with indistinct margins. Conidiomata regularly distributed in leaf spots, pale brown, darkening with age, 61.8–84.7 µm in diam., epiphyllous, about 1/3 of conidiomata emerged above the leaf epidermis. Conidiophores 1-celled, 4–8.3 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to conical, 2–3(–3.5) × 2.3– 3.4 µm. Conidia cylindrical, 3–3.5 × 0.8–1 µm (Fig. 54). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Salix caprea L.: Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Circaeo-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Oct. 1990, LBL M-23729 [123]; ■ Salix fragilis L.: as Phyllosticta salicicola Thüm., Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, Długie Lake, alder forest, coll. W. Mułenko, 14 Sep. 1983, LBL M-23730 [128]; Łódź, Botanical Garden, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & M. Siennicka, 27 Oct. 2004, LOD PF-3657. Notes. Asteromella salicina was also reported on Salix fragilis L. from Arboretum Bolestraszyce [159]. In corrresponding specimen (stand No. 34, 30 Oct. 1998, coll. B. Wojdyło, LBL M-23731), no Asteromella conidiomata were found, and only Asteroma vleugelianum (Bubák) B. Sutton was revealed. Additional specimen studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák n. sp. on Salix alba L., Pelešany, Turnov (orig. Pelešany nächst Turnau, Böhmen), coll. Jos. Em. Kabát, 30 Oct. 1904, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 253, isotype, B 700015126; Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák on Salix amygdalina L., Böhmen, near Tábor, coll. F. Bubák, Oct. 1903, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 453, B 700015127. World distribution. Austria, Czech Republic, Poland. b d c a Fig. 54 Asteromella salicina on Salix spp. a Symptoms of host infection (Salix caprea, LBL M-23729). b–d Microscopic structures (Salix fragilis, LOD PF-3657). b Conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 20 µm; c,d 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 103 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Tiliaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Tilia in Poland. On the hosts from that genus also Asteromella tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter was reported from Poland. The species has been recently reallocated to Paraconiothyrium [16]. Asteromella tiliicola (Oudem.) Arx Verh. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk. 51(3): 149 (1957). Phyllosticta tiliicola Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Archf, Sér. 3 (2): 747 (1902). = Phyllosticta vogelii (Syd.) Died., Annals Mycol. 11: 537 (1913). Gloeosporium vogelii Syd., Annals Mycol. 3: 233 (1905). Description. Leaf lesions mostly circular or oblong, brownish, drying and greying, fast hollowed, with distinct dark brown to red-brown margin. Conidiomata in lines along leaf veins, amphigenous, pale brown to brown, 74.1–86.5 µm in diam., up to 12.3 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celed, 3–7.5 × 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells globose, 3.5–4 µm in diam or cylindrical-conical, 3.5–4.5 × 3.5–4 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 4–5 × 1 µm (Fig. 55). a c b d e f g Fig. 55 Asteromella tiliicola on Tilia spp. a,b Symptoms of host infection. a Tilia cordata (LOD PF2910). b Tilia platyphyllos (LOD PF-1373). c–g Microscopic structures (LOD PF-1373). c Conidiomata. d Young conidioma cross section. e Mature conidioma cross section. f Conidiogenous cells. g Conidia. Scale bars: a,b 2 cm; c 50 µm; d,e 20 µm; f,g 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 104 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Tilia cordata Mill.: Tuszowskie Forests, vicinity of Babule near Tarnobrzeg, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. K. Jankowska, Aug. 1924, WAUF; Skierniewice, park, coll. W. Siemaszko, ident. Z. Zweigbaumówna, 3 Oct. 1924, with Phyllosticta tiliae Sacc. & Speg. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem., WAUF; Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Tilio-Carpinetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Querco-Pinetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Sep.–Oct. 1989, LBL M-23732 [123]; Białowieża National Park, plot V-100, Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Circaeo-Alnetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, Querco-Piceetum, Sep.–Oct. 1990, with Septoria tiliae Westend., LBL M-23733 [123]; Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, ruderal habitat, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 26 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1108 [136]; Wola near Pszczyna, Molinio-Pinetum, coll. A. Myszka, 11 Oct. 2006, LOD PF-2910; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, coll. K. Brózio, 8 Jul. 2007, with Phyllosticta tiliae Sacc. & Speg. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem., LOD PF-3676; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, roadside, coll. A. Kuchnik, 8 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3677; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, Calamagrostio-Quercetum typicum, roadside, coll. A. Kuchnik, 30 Sep. 2007, LOD PF-3678; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, forest parking, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 21 Oct. 2007, LOD PF3658; Dąbrowa Grotnicka Reserve, thermophilous oak forest, coll. & ident. E. Połeć & M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 29 Jun 2008, LOD PF-3702; same locality and collectors, 22 Sep. 2008, LOD PF-3702; same locality and collectors, 16 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-2703; Grądy nad Moszczenicą Reserve, Tilio-Carpinetum, coll. & ident. E. Połeć, 18 Oct. 2008, LOD PF-3659; same locality and collector, 29 Jun. 2008, LOD PF-2704; Biebrza National Park, Kapice Protective Unit, Tilio-Carpinetum, 28 Aug. 2012, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3660 [140]; Kampinos National Park, Bieliny, fresh meadow of alliance Arrhenatherion, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & D. Michalska-Hejduk, 10 Jul. 2012, cooccurring with Paraconiothyrium tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter, LOD PF-3519; Biebrza National Park, Osowiec Protective Unit, Biały Grąd, deciduous forest, 27 Aug. 2013, coll. E. Sucharzewska, ident. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, with Passalora microsora (Sacc.) U. Braun, deposited in the Fungal Collection of Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn [141]; Łódź, Łagiewnicki Forest complex, near a bus terminus, deciduous forest, 10 Oct. 2013, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3661; ■ Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loudon (= Tilia heterophylla Vent.): Bolestraszyce, Arboretum [159]; ■ Tilia platyphyllos Scop.: Lubartów [98]; Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, forest section 273d, forest roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 30 Sep. 1998 LOD PF-1373 [136]; ■ Tilia ulmifolia Scop.: Dąbroszyn near Kostrzyn nad Odrą (orig. Tamsel, Brandenburg), tree nursery [96]; Kazimierz nad Wisłą, 28 Sep. 1923, coll. W. Konopacka, WA [171]. Notes. Asteroma tiliae F. Rudolphi [= Paraconiothyrium tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter] was erroneously listed among the synonyms of Asteromella tiliicola by Ruszkiewicz-Michalska [139]. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. As “Asteromella vogelii (Syd.) Petr.” on Tilia plathyphyllos Scop., Westphalia, Reckhammer near Siegen, coll. A. Ludwig, Nov. 1926, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 1972, B 700015204; as “Asteromella tiliicola (Oudem.) H. Ruppr.” © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 105 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland on Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Siegkreis, beim Bahnhof Herchen, coll. A. Ludwig, 13 Oct. 1953, Herbarium D. Ludwig. Flora der Rheinprovinz, B 700015199. World distribution. China, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. According to Aa and Vanev [5], Passalora microsora (Sacc.) U. Braun and Mycosphaerella millegrana (Cooke) J. Schroet.; both species known in Poland [174,195]. Other authors connect these morphs to Asteromella bacterioides (Vuill.) Moesz [63]. Ulmaceae Single Asteromella species has been reported on Ulmus in Poland. Asteromella ulmi Boerema Persoonia 18(2): 159 (2003). Phyllosticta bellunensis Martelli, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 20: 395 (1888). Asteromella bellunensis (Martelli) Boerema & Dorenb., Stud. Mycol. 3: 5 (1973), nom. illegit. Art. 53.1, non Asteromella bellunensis Syd. (1932). Description. Leaf lesions brown, irregular, covering often large area of the leaves, limited with minor leaf veins. Conidiomata amphigenous, more abundantly hypophyllous, evenly distributed, 79.8–123.5 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 17.3 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2(–4)-celled, cylindrical, 5–10(–12) × (2–)4–5.5(–6) µm. Conidiogenous cells conical, 5 × 4 µm. Conidia cylindrical, part of them curved, (3.5–)4.5–5 × (1–)1.2–1.5 µm (Fig. 56). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Ulmus glabra Huds.: Lubartów [98]; Omelno Reserve near Radzyń Podlaski, Tilio-Carpinetum [193]; ■ Ulmus minor Mill.: Poznań, Botanical Garden, coll. A. Michalski (?), 5 Sep. 1952, WA 28507; ■ Ulmus sp.: Częstochowa Upland, Parkowe Reserve, Dentario enneaphyllidis-Fagetum, 10 Oct. 2005, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, LOD PF-3692. Notes. Most probably to that species belongs Kowalski’s [205] record of endophytic Asteromella sp. on U. glabra Huds., reported without spore dimensions but with microphotographs. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. Phyllosticta bellunensis Martelli on Ulmus glabra Huds. (= U. campestris L.), Brandenburg, Oberbarnim district, Gebüsh at Ihland-See near Strausberg, coll. H. Sydow, Oct. 1941, Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 3556, KRA F-1941191; Asteromella bellunensis (Martelli) Boerema & Dorenb. on Ulmus glabra Huds., Bayern, München City, walking path at the Isar River, coll. G. Rambold, ident. U. Braun, 14 Sep. 2003, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b a c d Fig. 56 Asteromella ulmi on Ulmus spp. a Symptoms of host infection (Ulmus glabra, M-0040561). b–d Microscopic structures (Ulmus sp., LOD PF-3692). b Group of conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c,d 5 µm. together with Phloeospora ulmi (Fr.) Wallr., Triebel, Microf. Exs., No. 630, M-0040561. LATVIA. Asteromella ulmi Boerema on Ulmus sp., Gauja National Park, vicinity of Krimulda, mixed forest, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 24 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3680. World distribution. China, Costa Rica, Finland, Germany, Great Britain (England), Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Ukraine, USA, former USSR. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria ulmi Fr. [= Phloeospora ulmi (Fr.) Wallr.], known from Poland [194]; Mycosphaerella ulmi Kleb. not reported from Poland [163]. 4.5. Insufficiently studied and doubtful species Nine Asteromella species reported in Poland are characterized below and arranged in alphabetical order. The corresponding specimens, as well as exsiccata were insufficient for confirming their occurrence in Poland (eight species) or to draw final conclusions about their affinity (A. confusa). Asteromella aviculariae (Westend.) Petr. Sydowia 10: 302 (1956). Melasmia aviculariae Westend., Bull. Acad. R. Sci. Belg., Sér. 2, 2: 570 (1857). = Phyllosticta melanoplaca Westend. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 107 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland a b c e d f Fig. 57 Asteromella aviculariae on Polygonum aviculare (M-0142463). a Symptoms of host infection. b Group of conidiomata. c Details of ostiolum. d Stroma on leaf tissue. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 50 µm; c,d 20 µm; e,f 5 µm. Description. Infected leaves black, thick, rigid, overgrown with stromata, that gives them the appearance of burnt and dried. Conidiomata immersed in stromata, in dense groups, polygonal, multiform, papillate, black, (67.7–)148–173 µm in diam., with irregular ostiolum. Conidiogenous cells conical, 4–4.6(–5) × 3.5–4.5 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3–5 × (0.9–)1–1.5 µm (Fig. 57). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae): Białowieża National Park [123]. Notes. In the corresponding specimen (in Circaeo-Alnetum, Jul. 1989, coll. W. Mułenko, LBL M-23734) no Asteromella fungus was found, but only small-spored Phoma species [conidiomata very pale brown, evenly distributed in lesions, immersed, elliptic, 112–160 × 148–197 µm, with distinct cell-ring around the ostiolum, 19.7 µm in diam., conidiogenous cells globose, conidia curved, of diverse shape and size, with two polar guttules, 4.5–6(–8) × 1.8–2(2.2) µm]. Additional specimens studied. GERMANY. as “Ascochyta melanoplaca West. (sub Phyllosticta)” on Polygonum aviculare L., near Hostrichiam, autumn, Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exs., No. 1699, M-0142476. LATVIA. Asteromella aviculariae (Westend.) Petr. on Polygonum aviculare L., Riga, Dreilini, coll. J. Smarods, Sep. 1940, Petrak, Mycoth. Gen., No. 1708, M-0142463. World distribution. Belgium, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 108 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. Hedwigia 65: 253 (1925). Phyllosticta confusa Bubák, in Tranzschel & Serebrian., Mycoth. Ross. No. 330 (1912), Hedwigia 57: 339 (1916). Description. Leaf lesions elliptical, gold-brown, slightly zonated. Conidiomata evenly distributed in centre of leaf spots, in periphery they form concentric rings, amphigenous, greyish brown, ± cylindrical to irregular in shape, papillate, 86.5–98.8 µm (up to 111.2–185.3 µm in M-0142466 specimen) or up to 130.7 × 208.1 µm, ostiolum regularly rimmed with cells of the same colour, up to 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiomatal wall composed of two layers of polygonal cells, in some specimens outer layer is covered with hyphal net. Conidiogenous cells pear-shaped, 5(–7) × 4 µm, hardly discernible from the cells of internal layer of conidiomatal wall. Conidia in huge, loose mass, diverse in shape, rod-shaped, to ovoid-cylindrical, or cylindrical, a portion of conidia curved, 3.5–4(–4.9) × 1.3–1.5(–1.8) µm (Fig. 58). Host plants and distribution in Poland: ■ Atriplex patula L. (Chenopodiaceae): Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, Botaniczna Str., close to the hedge, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 26 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-2725 [136]; ■ Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae): Gorce National Park, Forendówki, pathway, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 10 Sep. 2005, LOD PF-3662; ■ Chenopodium hybridum L. (Chenopodiaceae): Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, Karlińskiego Str., close to the wall, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 26 Sep. 1998, LOD PF-1310 [136]; Nadnidziański Landscape Park, Chotel Czerwony, roadside, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, 2 Aug. 2011, LOD PF-3663. b c d e f a Fig. 58 Asteromella confusa on Chenopodium hybridum (LOD PF-3663). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata with ostiolum. c Conidioma cross section. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b,c 50 µm; d,e 5 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 109 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Additional specimens studied. LATVIA. Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. on Chenopodium album L., Kr. Riga, Mazupe, coll. J. Smarods, Jul. 1942, F. Petrak Pilzherbarium, M-0142466. ROMANIA. Phyllosticta confusa Bubák, in Tranzschel & Serebrian. on Atriplex tatarica L., Bassarabia, distr. Lăpuşna, Lozova, 19 Jun. 1931, coll. & ident. Tr. Săvulescu & C. Sandu, Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman., Fasc. VIII, No. 362, KRA F-1931-78. World distribution. Australia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Turkey [182], Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Notes. Most likely, the fungi revealed in the above-listed Polish collections, as well as in the additional specimens studied, belong to Phoma heteromorphospora Aa & Kesteren, which is known to form two types of conidia. Its microconidia are one-celled, similar to those typical for Asteromella, 3–6 × 1–1.5 µm [143] and correspond to those given in the description of Phyllosticta confusa Bubák. Macroconidia of Phoma heteromorphospora (larger, ovoid or irregularly cylindrical, 15–20 × 3.5–4.5 µm) are present alongside microconidia in the collections from Poland (LOD PF-1310, LOD PF-3663) and Romania (KRA F-1931-78). Examination of the type collection is necessary to elucidate the species status. Asteromella garrettii (Syd.) Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 228 (2002). Phyllosticta garrettii Syd., Annals Mycol. 6: 484 (1908). Description. Leaf lesions roundish, pale brown, 5–15 mm in diam. Conidiomata amphigenous, intermixed with immature, mycosphaerella-like ascomata, shiny, black,up to 160 µm in diam., slightly erected above the host epidermis, with flat papilla and irregular ostiolum. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells lining the conidiomatal cavity, globose to subglobose, 4–7 µm in diam. Conidia rod-shaped, 3–4 × 1.5–2 µm (according to [5]). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Senecio ovatus Willd. (Asteraceae): Dukla near Krosno [200]. World distribution. Poland, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella gentianellae (C. Massal.) Petr. Hedwigia 65: 253 (1925). Phyllosticta gentianellae C. Massal., Malpighia 8: 196 (1894). Description. Leaf lesions pale, roundish, with distinct, darker margin. Conidiomata strawcoloured to pale brownish, hardly visible at leaf surface, epiphyllous, in dense groups, elliptic, © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 110 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland d b c a e Fig. 59 Asteromella gentianellae on Gentiana asclepiadea (WRSL). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidioma. c Layer of conidiogenous cells. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 40 µm; c 10 µm; d,e 5 µm. flattened, 49.4–61.8 × 74.1–86.5 µm or globose, up to 86.5 µm in diam. Ostiolum invisible, probably due to light colour of conidiomatal wall. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, 7–10 × 3–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells conical, 4–4.5(–5) × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 4–5(–5.5) × (0.8–)1–1.3 µm (Fig. 59). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Gentiana pneumonanthe L. (Gentianaceae): Czasław, Czasławiec, Tuszyna [102,106]. Additional specimens examined. GERMANY. Phyllosticta gentianellae C. Massal. on Gentiana asclepiadea L., Ober Bayern, Galmeikopf near Füssen, coll. H. Sydow, 15 Aug. 1912, together with Ramularia evanida (J. G. Kühn) Sacc., Sydow, Mycoth. Germ., No. 1178, KRAM F-10309 and WRSL. ROMANIA. Phylllosticta gentianellae C. Massal. on Gentiana asclepiadea L., Transilvania, distr. Năsăud, Valea Vinului, 6 Aug. 1925, with Ramularia evanida (J. G. Kühn) Sacc., coll. & ident. Tr. Săvulescu et C. Sandu, Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Roman., Fasc. VIII, No. 365, KRA F-1925-130. SLOVAKIA. Phyllosticta gentianellae C. Massal. on Gentiana asclepiadea L., Tatra Mts, valley of Niewcyrka, coll. K. Rouppert, Aug. 1909, together with Ramularia evanida (J. G. Kühn) Sacc., KRAM F-8970 [102,106,117]. World distribution. Bulgaria [206], Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella gentianae (Niessl) Lindau, not recorded in Poland [163]. Asteromella helleboricola (C. Massal.) Moesz Bot. Közl. 35: 64 (1938). Phyllosticta helleboricola C. Massal., Memorie Accad. Agric. Sci. Verona, Sér. 3, 65: 81 (1889). Description. Leaf lesions amphigenous, dried, polygonal, whitening, dried. Conidiomata hypophyllous, globose, 70–100 μm in diam., ostiolum often invisible. Conidiophores © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 111 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b e c a d Fig. 60 Asteromella helleboricola on Helleborus viridis (B 700015088). a Symptoms of host infection. b Conidiomata. c Details of conidiomatal tip. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. Scale bars: a 2.5 cm; b 35 µm; c 20 µm; d,e 5 µm. 0-2–celled, 4–12 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to conical, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia rod-shaped, 3–5 × 1–1.5 μm (according to Saccardo [145]). According to Moesz [147] ostiolum 7–14 μm in diam., conidia longer, 3–7 × 1–1.5 μm (Fig. 60). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Helleborus viridis L. (Ranunculaceae): Kraków, Botanical Garden [100,102]. Additional specimens studied. FRANCE. Phyllosticta helleboricola C. Massal. on Helleborus viridis L., Pyrenees, Gavarnie, coll. R. Maire, 29 Jul. 1906, Kabát & Bubák, Fungi Imperf. Exs., No. 655, B 700015088. GERMANY. Asteromella helleboricola (C. Massal.) Moesz on Helleborus viridis L., Kr. Meschede, Deutmecke, coll./ident. A. Ludwig, rev. H. Rupprecht, 29 Sep. 1935, Herbarium A. Ludwig. Flora von Westfalen, B 700015161. World distribution. Brazil, France, Germany, Great Britain (Scotland), Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey [182] Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. Asteromella mali (Briard) Boerema & Dorenb. Versl. Pl. Ziektenk. Diens 142 (Jaarb. 1964): 149 (1965). Phyllosticta mali Briard, Florule cryptogamique de l’Aube et Supplement au Catalogue des plantes de Ce department. Troyes 8: 79 (1888). = Phyllosticta briardii Sacc,, Syll. Fung. 10: 109 (1892), nom. superfl. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 112 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland b c a d Fig. 61 Asteromella mali on Malus domestica (B 700015070). a Symptoms of host infection (arrow). b Conidiomata. c Details of conidiomatal tip. d Conidiogenous cell with young conidium. Scale bars: a 2 cm; b 30 µm; c 20 µm; d 5 µm. Description. Leaf lesions pale to dark brown, small, enlarging and forming greater, irregular groups, confluent, marginate, margin zonated. Conidiomata evenly distributed in lesions or arranged in linear groups along the veins limiting the lesion, up to 98.8 µm in diam. Most conidiomata empty, intermixed with immature ascomata. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells not preserved. Conidia scarce, rod-shape to cylindrical, 3.5 × 1 µm (Fig. 61). Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae): Puławy [207]; Mory pod Warszawą, coll. H. Jur.(aszkówna?), 1930, WA 21898 [114]. Notes. The specimen is included into A. mali provisionally because of paucity of spores and lack of conidia-forming structures. Presence of the species in Poland needs to be confirmed with new collections. Additional specimen studied. RUSSIA. Phyllosticta briardii Sacc. on Malus domestica Borkh. (= Pyrus malus L.), Berdicino, province Jaroslawl, coll. Serebrianikow, 10 Aug. 1909, Tranzschel & Serebrianikow, Mycoth. Ross., No. 34, B 700015070. Notes. In the specimen B 700015070, only very few conidiomata of Asteromella mali, located in a single leaf lesion were found, while Phyllosticta mali Prill. & Delacr. dominated in the remaining lesions. World distribution. Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, China, former Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, France, Great Britain, India, Japan, Myanmar, Poland, Romania, Russia, Southern Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, USA. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Unknown. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 113 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella saponariae (Fuckel) Petr. Sydowia 9: 492 (1955). Phyllosticta saponariae (Fuckel) Sacc., Michelia 1: 154 (1878). Ascochyta saponariae Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 388 (1869). Description. Leaf lesions limited with main leaf veins, first circular, becoming oblong to oblong-elliptical or irregular, without margin, of darker, almost black appearance due to great number and density of conidiomata. Conidiomata pale grey to black, up to 1/2 of conidiomata elevated above leaf epidermis, amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, 74.1–98.8 µm in diam., ostiolum up to 24.7 µm in diam. Conidiophores 1–2-celled, branched at the base, 12–14 × 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells 4.5–5.2 × 3 µm. Conidia cylindrical, part of them (up to 30%) slightly curved, 4–5 × 1–1.2 µm. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Saponaria officinalis L. (Caryophyllaceae): Terespol Pomorski near Świecie [94,160,165]. Additional specimen studied. CZECH REPUBLIC. Asteromella saponariae (Fuckel) Petr. on Saponaria officinalis L., Hranice, Becwa-Ufer near Jesionik, coll. F. Petrak, Oct. 1935, Poelt & Scheuer, Reliqu. Petrak., No. 545, M-0142471. GERMANY. Ascochyta saponariae on Saponaria officinalis, Eberbach, Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exs. No. 2230, B 700015146. World distribution. Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Septoria sp., teleomorph unknown. Asteromella scabiosae (Kalymb.) Vanev & Aa in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 415 (2002). Phyllosticta scabiosae Kalymb., Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. S.S.R. 13: 282 (1962). Description. Leaf lesions yellowish-pale brown, barely visible, without a clear border, mostly at the ends of the leaves. Conidiomata greyish, glassy, hypophyllous, globose, papillate, 74.1–98.8 µm in diam. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to conical, badly preserved. Conidia rod-shaped or sligthly curved, 3–5.5 × 0.8–1 µm. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Scabiosa ochroleuca L. (Dipsacaceae): Częstochowa Upland, Olsztyn near Częstochowa, Origano-Brachypodietum xerothermic grassland, coll. M. Ruszkiewicz, 13 Jul. 1998, LOD PF-1333 [136]. World distribution. Kazakhstan, Poland, Ukraine. Synanamorphs and teleomorph. Mycosphaerella sp. Hitherho three Mycosphaerella species are known on Scabiosa but no spermatial states were indicated [63]. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 114 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Asteromella scorzonerae (Petr.) Petr. Hedwigia 65: 254 (1925) Phyllosticta scorzonerae Petr., Annals Mycol. 19: 86 (1921); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10: 126 (1892), nom. illegit. Art. 53.1, non Phyllosticta scorzonerae Pass. (1887). = Asteromella polonica Aa, in Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta: 418 (2002), nom. superfl. Description. Leaf lesions elliptical, whitish grey, up to 1-1.5 mm in diam., limited with dark brown or violet margin. Conidiomata beige grey to dark grey, immersed in plant tissue, hypophyllous, one per lesion, 60-100 µm in diam., ostiolum distinct, surrounded with darker thin-walled cells, up to 30 µm in diam. Conidiophores lacking. Conidia rod-shaped, 3.5 × 1 µm. The description is given according to Petrak [29,146], who however did not provide the characters of conidiogenous cells. Host plant and distribution in Poland: ■ Scorzonera humilis L. (Asteraceae): Białowieża National Park, Peucedano-Pinetum, coll. W. Mułenko, Jul. 1988, with Valdensia heterodoxa Peyronel, LBL M-23735 [123]. Notes. In the material studied (LBL M-23735 given above) only species of small-spored Phoma section Phoma was found. 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Mycobiota in living symptomless leaves of Ulmus glabra and in necrotic tissues associated with gall-making insects. Phytopathol Pol. 2004;32:61–73. 206. Sameva EF, Bakalova GG. New data of anamorphic fungi from Bulgaria. In: Ivanova D, editor. Proceedings of IV Balkan Botanical Congress “Plant, fungal and habitat diversity investigation and conservation”; 2006 Jun 20–26; Sofia, Bulgaria. Sofia: Institute of Botany; 2009. p. 481–484. 207. Jankowska K. Spostrzeżenia nad występowaniem chorób roślin uprawnych w woj. lubelskiem w latach 1927 i 1928. Pamiętnik Państwowego Instytutu Naukowego Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Puławach. 1928;9(2):574–595. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 126 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland 6. Appendix 1. Index of Latin names Acer campestre negundo platanoides pseudoplatanus tataricum Aceraceae Acorus calamus Adoxa moschatellina Adoxaceae Aegopodium podagraria Aesculus hippocastanum pavia Agrimonia eupatoria Alnus glutinosa incana viridis Alternaria tenuissima Angelica sylvestris Apiaceae Apiosporella Aplosporidium Araceae Araliaceae Aronicum clusii Ascochyta crataegicola ebuli melanoplaca ranunculi saponariae Ascomycota Asteraceae Asterinales Asterinella Asteroma leptothyrioides tiliae vleugelianum Asteromella © The Author(s) 2016 acetosae acorella adeana adoxicola aegopodii aesculicola agrimoniae alnicola angelicae artemisiae asteris astragalicola austriaca aviculariae bacilloides bacterioides baldensis bellunensis borszczowii brassicae brassicicola brunellae buphthalmi carlinae castaneicola cerasicola chaerophylli cicutae confusa convallariae corcontica doronicigena drymariae ebuli epitrema euonymella eupatoriicola fraxini galii-schultesii garbowskii garrettii gentianellae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 127 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland gorholti hederacea hederae helleboricola hranicensis huubii intricata ixiolirii leptidea livida longissima ludwigii lupini lysimachiae maculiformis mali melampyrina moeszii osteospora var. samaricola ovata petasitidis phalaridis pistaciarum platanoidis pleurospermi podocarpi polonica populina pruni-mahaleb pulmonariae pyricola quercicola quercifolii ranunculi rhoina rosicola rumicis rupprechtii salicina saponariae scabiosae scorzonerae senecionis-nemorensis sphaerospora state of Mycosphaerella © The Author(s) 2016 stemmatea tiliae tiliicola tobira trautmanniana trollii ulmi ungerniae velata vogelii vulgaris f. gleditschiae triacantis wandae Asteromellaceae Asterostomella Astragalus glycyphyllos Atriplex patula tatarica Berberidaceae Berberis laurina vulgaris Betula alba humilis pendula pubescens Betulaceae Boeremia hedericola Boraginaceae Brassica oleracea Brassicaceae Calamagrostis canescens Capnodiales Caprifoliaceae Caragana arborescens Carlina vulgaris Caryophyllaceae Castanea sativa vesca Celastraceae Cerasus avium Cercospora bloxamii Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 128 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland brassicicola microsora scorzonerae Cercosporella prolificans Chaenomeles japonica sinensis Chaerophyllum aromaticum Chamaenerion angustifolium Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album hybridum Cicuta virosa Clypeispora Coelomycetes Coleosporium tussilaginis Coniella Coniothyrium olivaceum Convallaria majalis Corylus colurna Crataegus laevigata lavellei monogyna nigra oxyacanthoides Cronartium flaccidum Dasystictella Dendrophoma convallariae Depazea adoxaecola agrimoniae populina rhamnicola sambucicola Didymella winteriana Didymosphaeriaceae Dipsacaceae Dipsacus sylvestris Doronicum austriacum caucasicum clusii columnae Dothidella © The Author(s) 2016 Dothideomycetes Dothideomycetidae Epilobium collinum hirsutum roseum Erysiphe aquilegiae Eucaliptus Euonymus europaea vulgaris Eupatorium cannabinum Fabaceae Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica Fraxinus americana excelsior Fungi Fusicladium aronici Fusidium adoxae Gentiana asclepiadea pneumonanthe Gentianaceae Gillotia Gloeosporium tiliae vogelii Graphiopsis chlorocephala Guignardia aesculi Haplosporidium Hedera helix Helleborus viridis Heracleum sibiricum sphondylium Hieracium alpinum lachenalii subsp. cruentifolium murorum pilosella umbellatum vulgatum Hippocastanaceae Lamiaceae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 129 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Leptodothiorella aesculicola Leptosphaeria artemisiae Leptotrochila ranunculi Liliaceae Lotus Lysimachia vulgaris Malus domestica Melampsora populnea Melampsoridium betulinum Melampyrum nemorosum Melasmia aviculariae Menispermum canadense Microsphaera astragali euonymi Microthyriaceae Morus Mycosphaerella acilegna aegopodii agrimoniae angelicae aronici berberidis brassicicola brunneola carlinae chaenomelis crataegi ebuli gentianae hieracii hippocastani cf. insulana jaczewskii lysimachiae millegrana morthieri podagrariae populi pulmonariae punctiformis f. tiliae sect. Caterva tulipiferae ulmi © The Author(s) 2016 vogelii winteriana Mycosphaerellaceae Myrsinaceae Ochropsora ariae Oleaceae Onagraceae Orobanchaceae Padus avium serotina Paeonia officinalis romanica Paeoniaceae Paraconiothyrium tiliae Paraphoma Passalora aronici bacilligera depressa microsora rhamni Petasites hybridus kablikianus officinalis spurius Pezizomycotina Phaeoramularia punctiformis Phaseolus Phloeospora apatela oxyacanthae ulmi Phoma betae heteromorphospora longissima sect. Paraphoma sect. Pilosa typhina Phomopsis Phyllachora angelicae Phyllonochaeta solani Phyllosticta Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 130 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland acericola acetosae acorella adoxae advena aegopodii aesculicola agrimoniae alnicola alni-glutinosae angelicae aronici astragalicola austriaca bacilloides bacterioides baldensis bellunensis berberidicola berberidis betulae betulicola betulina borszczowii brassicae f. brassicae olearceae brassicicola bresadolae briardii brunellae buphthalmi caraganae carlinae castaneae chaerophylli chamaenerii cicutae confusa corcontica crataegi crataegicola doronicigena ebuli euonymella euonymi euonymicola eupatoriicola © The Author(s) 2016 faginea garbowskii garrettii gentianellae hederae hedericola helleboricola hieracii humeriformis intermixta kurskiana letendrei lysimachiae maculiformis f. quercus mahaleb mali melampyrina melanoplaca michailovskoensis minutissima napi osteospora paeoniae passerinii paviaecola petasitidis f. petasitidis-officinalis petasitis platanoidis pleurospermi populina pruni-mahaleb pulmonariae pyricola pyrina quernea ranunculi ranunculorum rhamnicola rosicola salicicola salicina saponariae scabiosae scorzonerae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 131 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland senecionis-nemorensis stevenii tambowiensis tiliae tiliicola tinea trautmanniana trollii typhina vandae vogelii wandae Pimpinella saxifraga Plectophoma Plenodomus lupini Pleosporales Pleurospermum austriacum Polygonaceae Polygonatum odoratum Polygonum aviculare hydropiper Polystomellaceae Populus alba angulata × berolinensis × canescens deltoides × euramericana nigra simonii × tomentosa tremula tremuloides wilsonii Porterula Prunella vulgaris Prunus domestica padus Pseudocercospora Pseudocercosporella Pucciniastrum agrimoniae areolatum © The Author(s) 2016 Pulmonaria obscura officinalis Pyrus communis malus Quercus cerris ilex pedunculata petraea petraea × Q. robur robur Ramularia adoxae buphthalmi celastri cicutae cylindroides endophylla evanida inaequalis lysimachiae rubella sambucina unterseheri vizellae Ranunculaceae Ranunculus aconitifolius acris lanuginosus lingua repens Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica Rhus typhina Rosa arvensis gallica Rosaceae Rumex acetosa acetosella sanguineus Salicaceae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 132 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Salix amygdalina caprea fragilis Sambucus ebulus nigra racemosa Saponaria officinalis Sawadaea bicornis Scabiosa ochroleuca Scorzonera humilis Seimatosporium kriegerianum Senecio ovatus paludosus Septogloeum carthusianum Septoria acetosae aegopodii agrimoniicola alni astragali buphthalmi caraganae carisolensis lysimachiae paeoniae podagrariae populi pulmonariae pyricola tiliae trollii © The Author(s) 2016 ulmi Sorbus aucuparia Sphaerella adoxae Sphaeria aegopodii longissima Sphaerulina rehmiana Sporonema Stagonospora Stenella Stictochorella vogelii Stictochorellina Taphrina betulae Teratosphaeria Tilia americana var. heterophylla cordata heterophylla platyphyllos ulmifolia Tiliaceae Trollius europaeus Ulmaceae Ulmus campestris glabra minor Uromyces punctatus Valdensia heterodoxa Viburnum lantana opulus tinus Zasmidium Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 133 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Polyphagous species Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Asteromella artemisiae E. Müll. - ?Leptosphaeria artemisiae (Fuckel) Auersw. Alyssum sp. (Brassicaceae), Artemisia campestris (Asteraceae), Clematis sp. (Ranunculaceae), Epilobium sp. (Onagraceae) Europe: Switzerland Asteromella longissima (Pers.) Petr.* - - Chaerophyllum bulbosum (Apiaceae), Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae) Europe: France Asteromella vulgaris Thüm. - - Crataegus oxyacanthoides (Rosaceae), Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae) Europe: Italy Asteromella maculiformis (Sacc.) Petr. - Mycosphaerella punctiformis (Pers.) Starbäck Castanea sativa, Fagus sp. (Fagaceae), Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae) Europe: Italy Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Diverse families 7. Appendix 2. Worldwide list of Asteromella names Taxon 134 Worldwide list of Asteromella names, including species reallocated by the author. Species are arranged according to type-host species affinity and within the family according to the date of description/reallocation. Species confirmed to occur in Poland set in bold font. Host family Host family Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella osteospora (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. - - Populus nigra (Salicaceae), Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae), Morus sp. (Moraceae), Rhamnus sp. (Rhamnaceae) Europe: Italy, France Host-specific species Aceraceae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Adoxaceae Asteromella velata Petr. - - Acer platanoides with Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr. (anamorph Melasmia acerina Lev.) Europe: Austria Asteromella platanoidis (Sacc.) Petr. - - Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, A. negundo, A. truncatum Europe: Italy, France Asteromella vestita Petr. nomen nudum, the species should have been described in Annals Mycol. 42 (1944): 112 but was never published - - Acer pseudoplatanus Europe: Austria Asteromella adoxicola (Lasch) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Adoxa moschatellina Europe: Poland Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 135 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Agavaceae Asteromella dracaenae (Henn.) Aa - - Dracena sp. South America: Brazil Amaryllidaceae Asteromella amaryllidis (Bres.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Amaryllis sp. South America: Brazil Asteromella curculiginis (Bond.-Mont.) Vanev & Aa - - Curculigo recurvata Asia: Russia Asteromella ixiolirii (Kalymb.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Ixiolirion tataricum Asia: Kazakhstan Asteromella ungerniae (Vasyag.) Vanev & Aa Septoria ungerniae N.P. Golovina Mycosphaerella sp. Ungernia severzovii Asia: Kazakhstan Asteromella odinae (Henn. & Pole-Evans) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Lannea (= Odina) discolor Africa: South African Republic Asteromella metopii Petr. & Cif. - - Metopium brownei North America: Dominican Republic Asteromella pistaciarum Bremer & Petr. Septoria pistaciarum Carac. Mycosphaerella sp. Pistacia vera Asia: Turkey Asteromella rhoina (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Rhus laevigata Arica: Central Africa Asteromella chaerophylli (C. Massal.) Petr. - ?Mycosphaerella morthieri (Fuckel) Petr. Angelica sp., Heracleum sp., Chaerophyllum hirsutum Europe: Italy Published by Polish Botanical Society Anacardiaceae Monogr Bot 106 Apiaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Taxon © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 136 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella angelicae Sawada - - Angelica miqueliana Asia: Japan Asteromella huubii (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska [= A. angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres] - - Angelica silvestris Europe: France, Italy Asteromella bupleuri (Fuckel) Aa Septoria bupleuri Desm. - Bupleurum falcatum Europe: Germany Asteromella cicutae (Lind) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Cicuta virosa Europe: Denmark Asteromella ferulina Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Ferula foetida Asia: Iran Asteromella malabailae (C. Massal. ex Sacc.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Malaibala hacqueti Europe: Italy Asteromella tragii (Bubák) Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Pimpinella tragii Asia: Turkey Asteromella pleurospermi (Died.) Petr. - - Pleurospermum austriacum Europe: Germany Asteromella ambiens (Syd. & P. Syd.) Petr. - - Prangos uloptera Asia: Iran Asteromella schultziae Murashk. Septoria schultziae Murashk. - Schultzia crinata Asia: Russia Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 137 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella aegopodii (Curr.) Petr. Septoria podagrariae Lasch Mycosphaerella aegopodii (Roth) Petr. Aegopodium podagraria Europe: UK Apocynaceae Asteromella carissae (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Carissa arduina Africa: South Africa Araceae Asteromella acorella (Sacc. & Penz.) H. Ruppr. - - Acorus calamus Europe: France Asteromella porteana (Sacc.) Aa - - Alocasia portei Asia: Philippines Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta colocasiae Höhn.) Passalora colocasiae (Höhn.) U. Braun (= Cercospora caladii var. colocasiae Höhn.) Mycoshaerella alocasiae H. & P. Sydow Colocasia sp. Asia: Philippines Asteromella acanthopanacis (Syd. & P. Syd.) Aa - - Acanthopanax ricinifolium Asia: Japan Asteromella hederacea Petr. - Mycoshpaerella hedericola (Desm.) Lindau Hedera helix Europe: France Asteromella hederae (Sacc. & Roum.) Petr. nom. illegit., Art. 53.1 - - Hedera helix Europe: France, Belgium Asteromella hederae Petr. in Bremer et al. nom. inv., Art 39.1 Phyllosticta hedericola Durrieu & Mont, Vermicularia trichella Fr. - Hedera helix Asia: Turkey Araliaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 138 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 139 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella hederae C. Massal. - - Hedera helix Europe: Italy Asclepiadaceae Asteromella cynanchicola Petr. - ?Mycosphaerella albescens (Rabenh.) Lindau Cynanchum vincetoxicum Europe: Czech Republic Asteraceae Asteromella astericola Davis ?Stagonospora astericola (Davis) H. C. Greene ?Phaeosphaeria Aster lateriflora North America Asteromella anthemidis (H. Ruppr.) H. Ruppr. - Mycosphaerella anthemidina Petr. Anthemis arvensis Europe: Germany Asteromella asteris Peck - - Aster paniculatus North America: USA Asteromella compositarum Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Poroca - ?Mycosphaerella ixodiae Hansf. Asteraceae South America: Brazil Asteromella barnadesiae (Gutner) Aa & Vanev - - Barnadesia macrocephala Europe: Russia Asteromella buphthalmi (Allesch.) Aa Ramularia buphthalmi Allesch., Septoria buphthalmi Allesch. Mycosphaerella sp. Buphthalmum salicifolium Europe: Germany Asteromella personatae (Allesch.) H. Ruppr. Ramularia sp. Mycosphaerella sp. Carduus personata Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella carlinae Petr. - Mycosphaerella carlinae (Wint.) Lindau Carlina vulgaris Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella bellunensis Syd. Ramularia bellunensis Speg. - Chrysanthemum corymbosum Europe: Germany Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 140 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella cirsiorum (Bondartsev) Vanev & Aa Ramularia cirsii Allesch. Mycosphaerella sp. Cirsium eriophorum Europe: Russia Asteromella cousiniae (Vasyag.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Cousinia severtzovii Asia: Kazakhstan Asteromella eximia (Bubák) Aa & Vanev Ramularia eximia Bubak Mycosphaerella sp. Crepis viscidula Europe: Montenegro Asteromella austriaca (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. - - Doronicum austriacum Europe: Italy Asteromella doronicigena (Bubák) Petr. - ?Mycosphaerella aronici Volkart Doronicum cordatum Europe: Hungary Asteromella eupatoriicola (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Eupatorium cannabinum Europe: Austria Asteromella corcontica (Kabát & Bubák) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres Ramularia corcontica Bubak & Kabat - Hieracium alpinum Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella poeverleinii Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Hypochaeris uniflora Europe: Switzerland Asteromella inulae Petr. - - Inula hirta Europe: Austria Asteromella cretica Petr. - - Lactuca sp. Europe: Greece Asteromella ligulariicola (Melnik) Vanev & Aa - - Ligularia macrophylla Asia: Kazakhstan Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 141 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella exigua (Naumov) Vanev & Aa - - Mulgedium cacaliaefolium Europe: Russia Asteromella petasitidis Petr. Ramularia sp. Mycosphaerella sp. Petasites officinalis Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella proustiae (Speg.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Proustia ilicifolia South America: Argentina Asteromella scorzonerae Petr. (= Asteromella polonica Aa) Cercospora scorzonerae Hohn. - Scorzonera humilis Europe: Ukraine Asteromella garrettii (Syd. & P. Syd.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Senecio dispar North America: USA Asteromella senecionisnemorensis (Săvul. & Sandu) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Senecio nemorensis Europe: Romania Asteromella gregariella Petr. - - Serratula coronata Asia: Russia Asteromella tanaceti (Vasyag.) Vanev & Aa Ramularia sp. Mycosphaerella sp. Tanacetum achilleifolium Asia: Kazakhstan Asteromella spermatial state [= Phyllosticta ferruginea (Sacc.) Kalymb.] Passalora ferruginea (Fuckel) U. Braun & Crous (= Cercospora ferruginea Fuckel) Mycosphaerella ferruginea (Fuckel) Cruchet Artemisia vulgaris Europe: Italy Asteromella gorholtii H. Ruppr. - - Corylus avellana Europe: Germany Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Betulaceae Taxon Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Berberidaceae Asteromella garbowskii (Gucevič) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Berberis vulgaris Europe: Ukraine Bignoniaceae Asteromella bacillispora (Kabát & Bubák) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Catalpa syringaefolia Europe: Austria Asteromella dombeyae Petr. Septoria dombeyae Petr. Mycosphaerella sp. Dombeya sp. Africa: Tanzania Boraginaceae Asteromella moeszii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Mułenko (= A. pulmonariae Moesz ex Bat. & Peres) - - Pulmonaria obscura Europe: Poland Brassicaceae Asteromella brassicae (Chevall.) Boerema & Kesteren - Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Lindau Brassica oleracea Europe: France Asteromella brassicina (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. - - Brassica oleracea Europe: Malta Asteromella cheiranthicola (Bubák & H. Zimm.) Aa - - Cheiranthus cheiri Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella dentariae (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. - - Dentaria enneaphyllos Europe: Austria Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 142 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 143 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella thlaspeos Murashk. - - Thlaspi cochleariforme Asia: Russia Asteromella thlaspeos Moesz & Smarods - - Thlaspi arvense Europe: Latvia Burseraceae Asteromella burserae (Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) Syd. - - Bursera gumifera North America: Dominican Republic Cactaceae Asteromella rhipsalidicola (Speg.) Cif. - - Rhipsalis lorentziana South America: Argentina Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta concava Seaver) - Mycosphaerella opuntiae (Ellis & Everh.) Dearn. Opuntia sp. North America: Bermuda Asteromella campanulae-latifoliae (Dobrozr.) Aa & Vanev - - Campanula latifolia Europe: Russia Asteromella phyteumatis Petr. Ramularia phyteumatis Sacc. & Wint. Mycosphaerella sp. Phyteuma spicatum Europe: Slovak Republic Asteromella adeana Petr. - - Viburnum tinus Europe: Spain Asteromella alpigena (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. - - Lonicera alpigena Europe: Germany Asteromella ebuli (Fuckel) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres - - Sambucus ebulus Europe: Germany Campanulaceae Caprifoliaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 144 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Caryophyllaceae Asteromella drymariae Syd. - ?Mycosphaerella drymariae H. & P. Syd. Drymaria cordata South America: Ecuador Asteromella saginae Urries - Mycosphaerella saginae Urries Sagina procumbens var. apetala Europe: Spain (Canary Islands) Asteromella saponariae (Fuckel) Petr. Septoria sp. - Saponaria officinalis Europe: Italy, Germany Asteromella euonymella (Sacc.) Aa & Vanev ?Septoria euonymella Pass. (in sec. coll. studied by [5]) - Euonymus europaeus Europe: Italy Asteromella gymnosporiae Syd. - - Gymnosporia spinosa Asia: Philippines Chenopodiaceae Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. - - Chenopodium sp. Europe: Ukraine Clethraceae Asteromella clethrae (P. Syd.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Clethra scabra Europe: Germany Combretaceae Asteromella terminaliae (Henn.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Terminalia baumiana, T. catappa Africa: Zambia, Asia: Myanmar (Burma) Coriariaceae Asteromella coriariae Petr. - - Coriaria intermedia Asia: Philippines Crassulaceae Asteromella rhodiolae Petr. - - Sedum rhodiola Europe: Sweden Cyperaceae Asteromella silvarum Petr. - Mycosphaerella hranicensis Petr. Carex sylvatica Europe: Czech Republic Celastraceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Dioscoreaceae Asteromella dioscoreina (Woron.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Dioscorea caucasica Europe: Georgia Asteromella tamicola (Woron.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Tamus communis Europe: Georgia Asteromella cephalariae (G. Winter) Aa - - Cephalaria attenuata Africa: South Africa Asteromella scabiosae (Kalymb.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Scabiosa alpestris Asia: Kazakhstan Asteromella wandae (Namysł.) H. Ruppr. - - Dipsacus sylvestris Europe: Ukraine, Equisetaceae Asteromella equiseti (Dobrozr.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Equisetum sylvaticum Europe: Russia Ericaceae Asteromella arbuticola (Gucevič) Aa & Vanev Septoria arbutina Gucevič Mycosphaerella sp. Arbutus andrachne Europe: Ukraine Asteromella kalmicola (Schwein.) Petr. - - Kalmia latifolia North America: USA Asteromella saccardoi (Thüm.) Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Rhododendron ponticum Europe: France, Portugal Asteromella stemmatea (Fr.) Petr. - Mycosphaerella stemmatea (Fr.) Romell Vaccinium vitis-idaea Europe: Sweden, Germany, Italy, Russia Asteromella homalanthi Cooke & Massee - - Homalanthus populifolius Oceania: Australia Dipsacaceae Monogr Bot 106 Euphorbiaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 145 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Fabaceae Asteromella picbaueri Petr. Septoria astragali (Desm.) Sacc. Mycosphaerella sp. Astragalus cicer Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella astragalicola (C. Massal.) Petr. - - Astragalus glycyphylloides Europe: Italy Asteromella baphiae (Novoss.) Aa & Vanev - - Baphia racemosa Europe: Russia Asteromella bakeri (Syd. & P. Syd.) Aa - - Bauhinia malabarica Asia: Philippines Asteromella buteae S.M. Singh - - Butea monosperma Asia: India Asteromella borszczowii (Thüm.) Aa - Mycosphaerella jaczewskii Potebnia Caragana arborescens Asia: Russia Asteromella cercidis (D. Sacc.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Cercis siliquastrum Europe: Italy Asteromella nogalesii Urries - - Cytisus prolifer Europe: Spain (Canary Islands) Asteromella sissoo (Died.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Dalbergia sissoo Asia: India Asteromella derridis (Henn.) Aa - - Derris sp. Africa: Congo Asteromella microsticta Petr. & Cif. - - Desmodium tortuosum North America: Dominican Republic Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 146 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella lathyrisilvestris H. Ruppr. - - Lathyrus silvestris Europe: Germany Asteromella heringeri Bat. & J. L. Bezerra - - Leguminosae leaves South America: Brazil Asteromella ononidis (Unamuno) Vanev & Aa Ramularia winteri Thüm. Mycosphaerella sp. Ononis procurrens Europe: Spain Asteromella oxytropis Murashk. - - Oxytropis alpina Asia: Russia Asteromella acaciae Cooke - - Acacia Oceania: Australia Asteromella pongamiae (Syd. & P. Syd.) Aa - - Pongamia glabra Asia: India Asteromella neomexicana (Kabát & Bubák) Aa - - Robinia neomexicana Europe: Austria Asteromella thermopsidis (Thüm.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Thermopsis lanceolata Asia: Russia Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta dalbergiae Syd.) - Mycosphaerella devia Petr. & Cif. Dalbergia sp. South America: Brazil Asteromella livida (Ellis & Everh.) Petr. (nomen nudum?) - - Quercus douglasii North America: USA Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Fagaceae Taxon 147 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella quercicola Petr. (nomen nudum?)** - - Quercus cerris Europe: Germany Asteromella hranicensis Petr. Septoria sp. Mycosphaerella sp. Quercus lanuginosa Europe: Austria Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal. - - Quercus robur Europe: Italy Asteromella andrewsii Petr. ex Davis - ?Mycosphaerella andrewsii Sacc. Gentiana andrewsii North America: USA Asteromella gentianellae (C. Massal.) Petr. - Mycosphaerella gentianae (Niessl) Lindau Gentiana asclepiadea Europe: Italy Asteromella geranii Chevassut - Geranium sylvaticum Europe: France Asteromella pivensis (Bubák) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres Ramularia geranii (Westend.) Fuckel [= Ramularia geranii-phaei (C. Massal.) Magn.] - Geranium phaeum, G. reflexum Europe: Montenegro Goodeniaceae Asteromella scaevolae Petr. - Mycosphaerella scaevolae Shear & Stevens Scaevola sp. North America: USA (Hawaii) Hippocastanaceae Asteromella aesculicarpa Cooke & Massee - - Aesculus hippocastanum Europe: UK Asteromella aesculicola (Sacc.) Petr. Septoria sp. - Aesculus hippocastanum Europe: Italy Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 148 Host family Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta socialis Bubák & Kabát) Septoria aesculicola (Fr.) Fuckel Mycosphaerella aesculi (Cocconi & Morini) Tomilin Aesculus hippocastanum Europe: Austria Mycosphaerella convexula (Schwein.) F.V. Rand Carya tomentosa North America: USA Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 149 Juglandaceae Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta convexula Bubák) Juncaceae Asteromella luzulina Syd. - - Luzula maxima Europe: Germany Asteromella luzulaenemorosae Petr. - - Luzula nemorosa Europe: Czech Republic Asteromella fibrillosa (Desm.) Sacc. var. prodicta Roberge - - Diverse Lamiaceae (Stachys, Ballota, Mentha) Europe: France Asteromella melittidis Chevassut - Melittis melissophyllum Europe: France Asteromella monardellae (W. B. Cooke) Petr. - - Monardella sp. North America: USA Asteromella perowskiae (Zaprom.) Vanev & Aa Ramularia-like Mycosphaerella sp. Perowskia scrophulariaefolia Asia: Uzbekistan Asteromella stachydis (Brunaud) Petr. Septoria stachydis Roberge & Desm. - Stachys sylvatica Europe: France Asteromella prunellae (Ellis. & Everh.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Prunella vulgaris North America: USA Lamiaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Lauraceae Asteromella camphorae (Gucevič) Aa & Vanev - - Cinnamomum glanduliferum Europe: Ukraine Asteromella gratissima Petr. & Cif. - - Persea gratissima North America: Dominican Republic Asteromella linderae (Ellis & Everh.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Lindera benzoin North America: USA Asteromella allii-rotundi (Lobik) Aa & Vanev cf. Septoria viriditingens Curtis - Allium rotundum Europe: Russia Asteromella kuemmerlei Moesz - - Asphodelus microcarpa Europe: Croatia Asteromella aspidistrae (Oudem.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Aspidistra elatior Europe: Netherlands Asteromella latemarensis (Kabát & Bubák) H. Ruppr. Septoria gallica Sacc. & Syd. - Colchicum autumnale Europe: Italy Asteromella aterrima Petr. - - Colchicum sp. Europe: Greece ?Mycosphaerella brunneola (Fr.) Johanson ex Oudem. Convallaria majalis Europe: Italy - Fritillaria atropurpurea North America: USA Published by Polish Botanical Society Liliaceae Monogr Bot 106 Asteromella convallariae (Cavara) Petr. 150 Asteromella fritillariae (Bonar & W. B. Cooke) Vanev & Aa - Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Taxon © The Author(s) 2016 Host family Host family Taxon Synanamorph Asteromella woronowii (Woron.) Vanev & Aa Teleomorph Type host Type locality Mycosphaerella sp. Polygonatum vulgare Europe: Georgia Mycosphaerella sp. Semele androgyna var. gayae Europe: Spain (Canary Islands) Asteromella urgineae Bremer - - Urginea maritima Asia: Turkey Asteromella melanoplaca Petr. - - Veratrum album Asia: Russia Loganiaceae Asteromella strychni (Allesch.) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Strychnos stuhlmannii Africa: Mozambique Lythraceae Asteromella lafoensiae (Allesch.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Lafoensia sp. South America: Brazil Malpighiaceae Asteromella pterandrae (Allesch.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Pterandra sp. South America: Brazil Meliaceae Asteromella cedrelae Petr. - - Cedrela tonduzii Central America: Costa Rica Menispermaceae Asteromella ovata Thüm. - - Menispermum canadense Europe: Italy Asteromella abortiva (Ellis & Kellerm.) Vanev & Aa - - Menispermum canadense North America: USA Asteromella caricae (C. Massal.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Ficus carica Europe: Italy Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland - © The Author(s) 2016 Asteromella semelicola Urries 151 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Moraceae Asteromella fici Peres & J. L. Bezerra Phyllosticta tayuvae Viégas Mycosphaerella ficiovatae Hansford Ficus elastica South America: Brazil Asteromella bacillaris Pass. & Beltrani Phloeospora mori (Lev.) Sacc. Mycosphaerella mori (Fuckel) Wolf Morus nigra Europe: Italy (Sicily) Musaceae Asteromella paradisiaca Petr. - Mycosphaerella musae (Speg.) Syd. Musa textilis, M. paradisiaca Asia: Philippines Myrsinaceae Asteromella lysimachiae (Allesch.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (= Asteromella spermatial state; Phyllosticta lysimachiae Allesch.) Ramularia lysimachiae Thümen Mycosphaerella lysimachiae (Höhn.) Höhn. Lysimachia vulgaris Europe: Germany Nyctaginaceae Asteromella tricyclae (Speg.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Tricycla spinosa South America: Argentina Nyssaceae Asteromella nyssae (Cooke) Aa - Mycosphaerella nyssaecola (Cooke) F. A. Wolf Nyssa capitata North America: USA Ochnaceae Asteromella ourateae Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Poroca Cercospora sp. - Ouratea sp. South America: Brazil Oleaceae Asteromella fraxini (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Petr. - Mycosphaerella effigurata (Schwein.) House Fraxinus sp. North America: USA Asteromella jasminicola Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Jasminum officinale Europe: France Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 152 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella americanicola (Gucevič) Vanev & Aa - - Osmanthus americana Europe: Ukraine Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta oleina Cooke) - Mycosphaerella oleina (Cooke) J. H. Miller Osmanthus americana North America: USA Onagraceae Asteromella ludwigii Petr. - - Epilobium hirsutum Europe: Germany, among Coleosporium sp. (Uredinales) Orthotrichaceae, Splachnaceae Asteromella muscorum (Rostr.) Moesz - - Orthotrichum almatum, Tetraplodon bryoides Europe: Denmark, Hungary Orobanchaceae Asteromella melampyrina (Aksel) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Melampyrum nemorosum Europe: Russia Asteromella pedicularis (Solheim) Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Pedicularis paysoniana Europe: Germany Paeoniaceae Asteromella baldensis (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr. - - Paeonia peregrina Europe: Italy Palmae Asteromella coccothrinacis Petr. & Cif. - Mycosphaerella sp. Coccothrinax argentea North America: Dominican Republic Asteromella cocoës Bat. & J. L. Bezerra - - Cocos nucifera South America: Brazil Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 153 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella cocogena Boerema, Loer. & Hamers - Mycosphaerella sp. Cocos nucifera Asia: Taiwan Asteromella coryphae Petr. & Syd. - - Corypha umbraculifera Asia: Philippines Pittosporaceae Asteromella tobira (Gucevič) Aa & Vanev Septoria pittospori Brunaud Mycosphaerella sp. Pittosporum tobira Europe: Ukraine, textura prismatica Plantaginaceae Asteromella digitalisambiguae Arx - Mycosphaerella sp. Digitalis ambigua Europe: Switzerland Asteromella lagotidis Murashk. - - Lagotis glauca Asia: Russia Asteromella agropyri Petr. - - Agropyron orientale Asia: Russia Asteromella striolata (Sacc.) H. Ruppr. - - Brachypodium distachyon Europe: Italy Asteromella moliniae Syd. - - Molinia coerulea Europe: Germany Asteromella phalaridis Syd. - - Phalaris arundinacea Europe: Germany Podocarpaceae Asteromella podocarpi Syd. - - Podocarpus coriaceus South America: Venezuela Polygalaceae Asteromella chamaebuxi Petr. - - Polygala chamaebuxus Europe: Austria Poaceae Monogr Bot 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 154 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Polygonaceae Asteromella aviculariae (Westend.) Petr. - - Polygonum aviculare Europe: Belgium Asteromella curvata (Golovin) Aa & Vanev Septoria macrospora Golovin - Rheum sp. Asia: Tajikistan Asteromella rumicis (Bondartsev) Aa & Vanev Ramularia obovata Sacc, [= Ovularia obovata (Fuckel) Sacc.] Mycosphaerella lapathi (Laibach) Petr. Rumex confertus Europe: Russia Asteromella acetosae (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Septoria acetosae Oudem. - Rumex acetosa Europe: Italy Portulacaceae Asteromella claytoniae Murashk. - - Claytonia joaneana Asia: Russia Ranunculaceae Asteromella anemonicola (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Anemone pennsylvanica North America: USA Asteromella calthae (Tranzschel) Vanev & Aa Ramularia didyma Unger (= Ramularia calthae Linder) - Caltha palustris Asia: Russia Asteromella delphinii Petr. - - Delphinium sp. Asia: Iran Asteromella hamadryadis (Speg.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Hamadryas magellanica South America: Argentina Asteromella helleboricola (C. Massal.) Moesz - - Helleborus viridis Europe: Italy Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Taxon © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 155 Host family Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella hydrastidis (Bond.-Mont.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Hydrastis canadensis Europe: Russia Asteromella isopyri (Thüm.) Petr. & Syd. - Mycosphaerella sp. Isopyrum fumarioides Asia: Russia Asteromella ranunculi (Fuckel) Vanev & Aa Ramularia (?Ramularia didyma Unger) ?Mycosphaerella ranunculi (Karst.) Lind Ranunculus acris Europe: Germany Asteromella thalictrina Petr. - - Thalictrum minus Asia: Russia Asteromella trollii (Trail) H. Ruppr. - - Trollius europaeus Europe: Great Britain (Scotland) Resedaceae Asteromella resedae (Oudem.) Petr. - - Reseda odorata Europe: Netherlands Rhamnaceae Asteromella paliuri (Lév.) Arx - - Paliurus spina-cristi Europe: Ukraine Asteromella vogelii (A. Henkel) Petr. Cercospora rhamni Fuckel Mycosphaerella vogelii (Syd.) Tomilin Rhamnus cathartica Europe: Germany Asteromella pomi Boerema, Loer. & Hamers Pseudocercosporella pomi (Brooks) Noordel. & Boerema Mycosphaerella sp. Malus sylvestris (= M. pumila) Europe: Austria Asteromella mali (Briard) Boerema - - Malus sylvestris Europe: France Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Rosaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Synanamorph © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon 156 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 157 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella mespili (Roberge ex Desm.) Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Mespilus germanica Europe: France Asteromella cerasicola (Speg.) H. Ruppr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Prunus cerasus South America: Chile Asteromella pyricola (Sacc. & Speg.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres - - Pyrus communis (= P. pyraster) Europe: Italy Asteromella rosicola (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr. - - Rosa gallica Europe: Italy Asteromella hybridae (Mig.) H. Ruppr. - - Sorbus hybrida Europe: Germany Asteromella trautmanniana (Moesz) Moesz - - Sorbus torminalis Europe: Hungary Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta arunci Sacc.) - Mycosphaerella dejanira (Sacc.) Tomilin Spiraea aruncus (=Aruncus sylvestris) Europe: Italy Asteromella spermatial state (= Phyllosticta tormentillae Sacc.) - Mycosphaerella tormentillae (Sacc.) Tomilin Tormentilla (= Potentilla) erecta Europe: Italy Asteromella prunimahaleb (Pass.) Bedlan - - Prunus mahaleb Europe: France Asteromella bacilloides (Dominik) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Chaenomeles japonica Europe: Poland Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Host family Rubiaceae Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Salicaceae Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella rupprechtii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Agrimonia eupatoria Europe: Poland Asteromella galii Moesz & Lindtner Phyllosticta asperulae Sacc. & Fautr. - Galium schultesii Europe: Serbia Asteromella galiischultesii Moesz ex Bat. & Peres (nom. inval., Art. 39.1) - - Galium schultesii Europe: Hungary Asteromella atronitens Petr. & Cif. - - Guettarda sp. North America: Dominican Republic Asteromella psychotriae (Henn.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Psychotria sp. South America: Brazil Asteromella morganjonesii N. D. Sharma - - Citrus maxima Asia: India Asteromella fuliginosa (C. Massal.) Aa Pycnidia of several different fungi in holotype [5] Mycosphaerella sp. Citrus sp. Europe: Italy Asteromella dictamni Petr. Septoria dictamni Fuckel Mycosphaerella dictamni Petr. Dictamnus fraxinella Europe: Germany Asteromella angustifoliorum A. W. Ramaley - Mycosphaerella angustifolium Ramaley Populus angustifolia North America: USA Asteromella bacteriiformis (Pass.) Petr. - - Populus nigra Europe: Italy Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Rutaceae Taxon 158 Host family Taxon Synanamorph Type host Type locality Mycosphaerella populi (Auersw.) J. Schröt. Populus nigra Europe: Germany Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 Asteromella salicina (Kabát & Bubák) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska - - Salix alba Europe: Czech Republic Santalaceae Asteromella visci Doidge - ?Asterostomella visci Doidge ?Viscum obscurum Africa: South Africa Saxifragaceae Asteromella cylindrica (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Vanev [= Asteromella heucherae (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Petr.] - Mycosphaerella heucherae (Ellis & Everh.) Petr. Heuchera cylindrica North America: USA Scrophulariaceae Asteromella fibrillosa (Desm.) Sacc. - - Scrophularia aquatica Europe: France Asteromella scrophularina (P. Karst.) H. Ruppr. - - Scrophularia nodosa Europe: Finland, Germany Asteromella atropina (Vassiljevsky) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Atropa belladonna Europe: Russia Solanaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Asteromella populina (Fuckel) RuszkiewiczMichalska (= Phyllosticta populina Fuckel, Ph. intermixta Seaver, Asteromella spermatial state) Teleomorph 159 Host family Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 160 Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Asteromella carpatica Petr. - - Scopolia carniolica Europe: Ukraine Asteromella solani (Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) Cif. - - Solanum torvum North America: Dominican Republic Staphyleaceae Asteromella staphyleicola (Oudem.) Petr. - - Staphylea pinnata Europe: Netherlands Sterculiaceae Asteromella clemensae Syd. - - Sterculia cuneata Asia: Philippines Taxodiaceae Asteromella sequoiicola (Melnik) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Sequoia sempervirens Europe: Ukraine Thymelaeaceae Asteromella carniolica (W. Voss) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Daphne blagayana Europe: Croatia Tiliaceae Asteromella ovata var. tiliophila Ferraris - - Tilia × europaea Europe: Italy Asteromella praetervisa (Bubák) H. Ruppr. - - Tilia cordata (= T. parviflora) Europe: Czech Republic, Germany Asteromella bacterioides (Vuill.) Moesz Passalora microsora (Sacc.) U. Braun Mycosphaerella sp., Mycosphaerella microsora Syd. [59] Tilia sylvestris Europe: France Asteromella tiliicola (Oudem.) Arx Passalora microsora (Sacc.) U. Braun (= Cercospora microsora Sacc.), but only acc. to [5] Mycosphaerella millegrana (Cooke) Schrot. Tilia ulmifolia Europe: Netherlands Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Ulmaceae Asteromella celtidis (Ellis & Kellerm.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Celtis occidentalis North America: USA Asteromella ulmi Boerema [= Asteromella bellunensis (Martelli) Boerema & Dorenb., = Asteromella spermatial state of Mycosphaeella ulmi] - Mycosphaerella ulmi Kleb. Ulmus sp. Europe: Italy Asteromella lantanae Petr. - Mycosphaerella sp. Lantana camara North America: USA Asteromella tectonae (Syd., P. Syd. & E. J. Butler) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Tectona grandis Asia: India Violaceae Asteromella nigrescens (Bonar & W. B. Cooke) Aa & Vanev - Mycosphaerella sp. Viola purpurea North America: USA Vitaceae Asteromella allescheri (P. Syd.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Partenocissus quinquefoliae Europe: Germany Asteromella bizzozeriana (C. Massal.) Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Vitis vinifera Europe: Italy Asteromella qualeae (Allesch.) Vanev & Aa - Mycosphaerella sp. Qualea sp. South America: Brazil Published by Polish Botanical Society Verbenaceae Monogr Bot 106 Vochysiaceae 161 Unidentified host Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Taxon © The Author(s) 2016 Host family Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality No data Asteromella myriadea Cooke - - Coriaceous leaves (?) Oceania: New Zealand Asteromella perpusilla Speg. - - Non-identified plants South America: Brazil Asteromella innumera (Cooke & Harkn.) Petr. - - Unknown plant North America: USA Asteromella gabonensis Cooke & Massee - - Withering herbaceous plants Africa: Gabon Published by Polish Botanical Society Excluded species Myxothyrium leptideum (Fr.) Bubák & Kabát [= Asteromella leptidea (Fr.) Petr.]*** - - Vaccinium vitis-idaea Europe: Sweden Fabaceae Plenodomus lupini (Ellis & Everh.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley [= Asteromella lupini (Ellis & Everh.) Petr.] - - Lupinus sp. North America: USA Fagaceae Coniella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh.) B. Sutton [= Asteromella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh.) Petr.] - Mycosphaerella janus (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Petr. Castanea chrysophylla, Quercus lanuginosa North America: USA Monogr Bot 106 Ericaceae Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland Taxon © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 162 Published by Polish Botanical Society Taxon Synanamorph Teleomorph Type host Type locality Poaceae Dasystictella sphaerospora (Sacc. & Traverso) Höhn. (=Asteromella sphaerospora Sacc. & Traverso_ - - Triticum vulgare Europe: Italy (Sardinia) Tiliaceae Paraconiothyrium tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter [= Asteromella tiliae (F. Rudolphi) Butin & Kehr] - ?Didymosphaeria petrakiana Sacc. Tilia platyphyllos Europe: Austria Ulmaceae Dasystictella epitrema (Cooke) Höhn. (= Asteromella epitrema Cooke) - - Trema aspera Oceania: Australia Monogr Bot 106 nd – no data available. * The species attributed to F. Petrak but the combination Asteromella longissima (Westend.) Petrak (in Mycotheca Generalis, No. 1801, on Chenopodium album) was never validly published (Christian Scheuer, in letter, Sep. 2016). ** See the entry at Asteromella quercifolii in the Chapter 4.4. *** The combination Asteromella leptidea (Fr.) Petr. probably was never published (Christian Scheuer, in letter, Sep. 2016). Fungus in the specimen from B reference collection (B 700015165) with name of A. leptidea most probably written by F. Petrak (Fig. 62), belongs to Myxothyrium leptideum (Fr.) Bubák & Kabát. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland © The Author(s) 2016 Host family 163 Ruszkiewicz-Michalska / The genus Asteromella (Fungi: Ascomycota) in Poland a b c d Fig. 62 Asteromella leptidea on Vaccinium vitis-idaea (B 700015165). a Envelope with hand written name. b Symptoms of host infection. c Layers of conidiogenous cell with conidia. d Conidia. Scale bars: b 2 cm; c,d 10 µm. © The Author(s) 2016 Published by Polish Botanical Society Monogr Bot 106 164