A checklist of asexual fungi from Costa Rica
MILAGRO GRANADOS-MONTERO1*, DAVID W. MINTER2 , RAFAEL F. CASTAÑEDA-RUIZ3
1 Departamento
de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica,
Montes de Oca, San José Código Postal 11501-2060, Costa Rica
2 CABI,
3
Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, United Kingdom
Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt,
Calle 1 Esquina 2 Santiago de Las Vegas, La Habana C.P. 17200, Cuba
*CORRESPONDENCE TO: maria.granadosmontero@ucr.ac.cr
ABSTRACT—A checklist of recorded asexual fungi from Costa Rica is presented. This study compiles
information obtained during 1927—2018 from scientific papers, theses, reviews of hyphomycetous and
coelomycetous fungi, dermatophyte clinical studies, clinical samples from phytopathological laboratory
services, and specimens collected during the 2012 expedition to Costa Rica conducted in collaboration with the
International Society for Fungal Conservation. The taxa included in this checklist represent 682 species and 301
genera. Half have been reported as fungal pathogens, while the remaining are saprobes, endophytes, or associated
with insect, human, and other fungal hosts. Forty-six taxa are reported for the first time from Costa Rica.
KEY WORDS—anamorphic fungi, Central America, plant pathology
Introduction
Information about asexual fungi of Costa Rica has been published in various sources,
including doctoral dissertations and graduate degree theses (Hua 1992, Hodge 1998, Abbott 2000,
Bischoff 2004, Granados-Montero 2004), reports of mycological expeditions (Sydow 1927,
Stevens 1927) and synthesis of crop and forestry diseases (Villalobos & al. 2009). Some other
reports are the result of bioprospecting surveys carried out by the National Biodiversity Institute
(INBio) along with the pharmaceutical company Merck in the early 90’s in an attempt to find
useful metabolites in pharmacology (Bills & Polishook 1994a, b, Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a,
b). Others were made due to problems caused by the plant disease “Fusarium wilt”, known before
as “Panama Disease”, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder &
H.N. Hansen in banana plantations during the mid 20th century in order to survey the mycobiota
rhizosphere of the crop (Farrow 1954, Goos 1960).
The purpose of this checklist was to summarize the diversity of hyphomycetes and
coelomycetes in Costa Rica and to provide a useful tool for phytopathologist, biologist and
medical mycologist in their daily activities, facilitating the search of local information about these
fungi.
Materials & methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using both online and printed resources. The
Electronic Library for Mycology (www.cybertruffle.org.uk) allowed to access to a wealth of information.
Scientific names containing genus and species were verified through searches on the Index Fungorum
(www.indexfungorum.org) and MycoBank (www.mycobank.org) databases. Those records identified only
at genus level were not taken into consideration. An asterisk (*) before the scientific name indicates the
taxon is recorded for the first time fromt Costa Rica. Likewise, host names of plant, animal or other fungi
were verified in specialized online databases such as www.catalogueoflife.org and www.tropicos.org, and
current or valid names were selected for this paper. Specimens collected during the expedition of the
International Society for Fungal Conservation were processed according to the methodology reported in
Castañeda-Ruiz & al. (2016). Additionally, each specimen received a voucher number for identification but
an accident in the laboratory prevented the deposition of specimens in the Herbarium.
Summary: Mycotaxon 133: 365—Regional mycobiota new to www.mycotaxon.com
Expert reviewers: Gregorio Delgado, Jian Ma, Josiane Santana Monteiro
Uploaded — September 2018
2…
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Results & discussion
682 species belonging to 301 genera are listed. More than 200 genera include only one or two
species, while the genus Cercospora reported 46 species. Some taxa have more than 10 species,
such as Aspergillus (11), Phomopsis (13), Ascochyta and Pseudocercospora (15), Curvularia
(16), Alternaria and Septoria (17), Colletotrichum (20) and Phyllosticta (29). Ten taxa refer to
Costa Rica in their etymology, seven of them in their specific epithet e.g. Acarella costaricensis,
Gangliostilbe costaricensis, Leptographium costarricense, Phoma costaricensis, Psedospiropes
costaricensis, Stigmopeltella costaricana and Tuberculina costaricana. Other refer to provinces
e.g. Penicillium guanacastense and two include the term “Tico”, an indigenous expression for
Costa Rican people e.g. Ticogloea guttulata and Ticosynnema carranzae.
The following list compiled fungi from diverse habitats but fungal pathogens were
predominant. They represent about half of the number of species in the checklist. Another
important group was those saprobic on plant debris and litter with approximately 20% of
specimens cited. The rest of de fungi were soil and rhizosphere inhabitants, endophytes,
dermatophytes, ‘ambrosia’ fungi and biological control agents like antagonists Clonostachys and
Trichoderma spp., entomopathogens or those related with insects such as Aschersonia spp.,
Hirsutella spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Purpureocillium sp. and Raffaelea
scolytodis, including also fungi associated with nematodes as Hohenbuehelia leptospora.
In this checklist 46 taxa are reported for the first time from Costa Rica, 44 of them as saprobes
and two as plant pathogens, Pestalotiopsis coffeae and Sarcopodium vanillae. Both of them cause
necrotic leaves spots and are often confused with antracnose by Colletotrichum gloesporioides.
This fungus, like Athelia rolfsii, is capable of causing disease in about 100 plants belonging to
different families, such as Acanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Araceae,
Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Brassicaceae, Caricaceae,
Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Dracaenaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae,
Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Orchidaceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliacae,
Piperaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polypodiaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae among
others.
All these reports confirm the high diversity of microfungi found in Costa Rica. This
information allows for continuing the search, documentation and description of new species, in
order to better know and understand the dynamics and interactions that occur in our ecosystems
and agro-ecosystems. As well as, the chances of finding fungi that may have potential as
biocontrol agents, for example Tuberculina costaricana and Volutella uredinophila, both
recovered from “rust” fungi from 1927; but until now there are not studies about the potencial
effect in crop disease.
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
3
Checklist of species
Acarella costaricensis Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Acremonium polychromum (J.F.H. Beyma) W. Gams
On dead herbaceous stems (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Acremonium vitis Catt.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Acrodontium crateriforme (J.F.H. Beyma) de Hoog
On litter of primary forest (Bills & Polishook, 1994a).
Acrosporium piperis (Uppal, Kamat & Patel) Subram.
On leaves of Piper amplum Kunth (as Oidium piperis Uppal & al.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Acrostalagmus albus Preuss.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Actinodochium concinnum Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. and Roupala veraguensis Klotzsch
ex Meissn. (Sydow 1927).
*Actinocladium rhodosporum Ehrenb.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/46-1).
Actinostilbe flocculenta (Henn. & E. Nyman) Rossman, Samuels & Seifert
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (as Kutilakesopsis macalpinei Agnihothr. & G.C.S. Barua)
(Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Albonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels
On Teobroma cacao L. (as Fusarium decemcellulare Brick) (Hansen 1963); SPECIMEN EXAMINED–
overgrowing pustules of Puccinia psidii G. Winter on fruits and leaves of Psidium
friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied., M. Granados-Montero, 15 Mar. 2017.
Albosynnema elegans E. F. Morris
On living twig of Poulsenia armata (Miq.) Standl. (Bills & al. 1994).
Allophoma piperis (Tassi) Q. Chen & L. Cai
On leaves of Piper amplum L. (as Phyllosticta piperis Tassi) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Endophytic in roots of Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins and Stelis sp. (Richardson & Currah
1995); on fruits of Arachis hypogaea L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Hedera helix L.,
Nicotiana tabacum L., ornamentals palms, Petunia spp., Psidium guajava L., Raphanus sativus L.,
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel., Zea mays L., on fruits and leaves
of Solanum lycopersicum L., on leaves of Allium cepa L., Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.,
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck, Calathea sp.,
Capsicum annuum L., Fragaria sp., Gladiolus spp., Gossypium hirsutum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L.,
Sesamum indicum L., Solanum melongena L. and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.
On leaves of Brassica campestris L., Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata
L., Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire
On leaves of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce
On leaves and fruits of Citrus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
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Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko
On flowers of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, on leaves of Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus carota L. and
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria dianthi J.V. Almeida & Sousa da Câmara
On leaves and stem of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E.W. Mason
On leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria mali Roberts
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria panax Whetzel
On leaves of Brassaia spp. and Polyscias spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria passiflorae J.H. Simmonds
On fruits of Passiflora ligularis A. Juss., and leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif.
On leaves of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy
On sclerotia of Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) Whetzel (as Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) (GranadosMontero 2004); on leaves of Daucus carota L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansf.
On leaves of Ricinus communis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria sesami (E. Kawam.) Mohanty & Behera
On leaves of Sesamum indicum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria solani Sorauer
On fruits and leaves of Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanum melongena L. and S.
tuberosum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria sonchi Davis
On leaves of Lactuca sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Alternaria tomato (Cooke) L.R. Jones
On fruits and leaves of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Annellophora solani (Syd.) S. Hughes
On Solanaceae (as Chaetotrichum solani Syd.) (Sydow 1927).
*Anungitopsis triseptata (Matsush.) R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decaying leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Orosi, Cartago Province, M. GranadosMontero, 22 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/50).
Apiospora camptospora Penz. & Sacc.
On stems of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. [as Papularia vinosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) E.W. Mason]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Arachnophora polyradiata (Mercado & R.F. Castañeda) R.F. Castañeda & W. Gams
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead woody branch, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. GranadosMontero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/57).
Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M. B. Ellis
On dead culms of Bambusa sp. (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Arxiella terrestris Papendorf
On litter of primary forest (Bills & Polishook 1994a).
Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber
On substrate not indicated (Liu & al. 2006).
Aschersonia basicystis Berk. & M.A. Curtis
On leaves of Cinnamomum tonduzii (Mez) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927); on substrate not indicated (Liu &
al. 2005).
Aschersonia cubensis Berk. & M.A. Curtis
On substrate not indicated (Liu & al. 2006).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
5
Aschersonia incrassata Mains
On leaves of Annonaceae, Piper holdridgeanum Burger, Piper multiplinervium C. DC. and
Synechanthus warscewiczianus H. Wendl.; on larvae of Aleyrodidae on leaves of Doliocarpus
dentatus (Aublet) Standl. (Liu & Hodge 2005).
Aschersonia goldiana Sacc. & Ellis
On substrate not indicated (Liu & al. 2005).
Aschersonia placenta Berk.
On substrate not indicated (Liu & al. 2006).
Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter
On leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta asparagina (Petr.) P.K. Buchanan
On leaves of Asparagus spp. and A. officinalis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc.
On leaves and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta caricae Rabenh.
On leaves of Ficus sp. and F. carica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta carthagenensis Sacc.
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta dianthi Lib.
On leaves of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta gerberae Maffei
On leaves of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta gladioli Traverso & Spessa
On leaves of Gladiolus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta mali Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta maydis G. L. Stout
On leaves of Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta petuniae Speg.
On leaves of Petunia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta sesami Miura
On leaves of Sesamum indicum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta sojae Miura
On leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta sorghi Sacc.
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ascochyta statices Nagorny
On leaves of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Aspergillus awamori Nakaz.
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (as Aspergillus luchuensis Inui). (Goos 1960).
Aspergillus candidus Link
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Aspergillus clavatus Desm.
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960).
Aspergillus conicus Blochwitz
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960).
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Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Aspergillus flavus Link
On cobs of Zea mays L., on grains of Gossypium hirsutum L., on roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz, on
seeds of Arachis hypogaea L. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Aspergillus janus Raper & Thom
Isolated from virgin forest soil (Goos 1960).
Aspergillus niger Tiegh.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954) and banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); on bulbs of Allium cepa L.,
A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L., on cobs of Zea mays L., on fruits of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)
Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L. and Vitis vinifera L., on
rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz, on seeds of Arachis
hypogaea L., on stems of Cordyline sp., Dracaena sp., Ficus sp., F. carica L. and Sansevieria
trifasciata Prain (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Aspergillus sclerotiorum G. A. Huber
On rotten fruits (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Aspergillus terreus Thom
Isolated from virgin forest soil (Goos 1960).
Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab.
On humans with onychomycosis (Sequeira-Oviedo & al. 2016).
Aspergillus violaceofuscus Gasperini
Isolated from soil sample (Farrow 1954).
Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl.
On leaves of Carica papaya L. (as Pucciniopsis caricae Earle) (Stevens 1927); on fruits and leaves of
Carica papaya L. [as Fusicladium caricae (Speg.)] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Asteromella brassicae (Chevall.) Boerema & Kesteren
On leaves of B. oleracea var. botrytis L., B. oleracea var. capitata L., B. oleracea var. gemmifera DC.,
Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck and Raphanus sativus L. (as Phyllosticta brassicicola
McAlpine) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr.
On fruits of Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Luffa cylindrica M.
Roem., on fruits and roots of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, on roots of Allium
cepa L., A. obliquum L., A. sativum L., Angraecoides spp., Aphelandra squarrosa Nees, Apium
graveolens L., Araceae, Arachis hypogaea L., Bambusa vulgaris Schrad, Begonia spp., Beta
vulgaris L., Bougainvillea spp., Brassaia spp., Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea
var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck,
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Capsicum annuum L., Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson,
Carica papaya L., Cattleya spp., Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Codiaeum variegatum (L.)
Rumph. ex A. Juss., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Cordyline spp., Cucumis melo L., Cucumis
sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Cymbidium spp., Daucus carota L., Dendrobium spp., Dianthus
caryophyllus L., Dioscorea alata L., Dracaena spp., Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S.
Bunting, Ficus spp., Fragaria sp., Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, Gladiolus spp., Glycine max (L.) Merr.,
Gossypium hirsutum L., Hedera helix L., Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe, Impatiens spp.,
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Lactuca sativa L., Lilium spp., Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., Malus
sylvestris Mill., Mangifera indica L., Manihot esculenta Crantz, Miltonia spp., Monstera deliciosa
Liebm, Musa acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla, Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton, Nicotiana
tabacum L., Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Oryza sativa L., Paphiopedilum spp., Passiflora
edulis Sims., Passiflora ligularis A. Juss., Peperomia spp., Persea americana Mill., Petroselinum
crispum (Mill.) Fuss, Petunia spp., Phalaenopsis spp., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Piper amplum Kunth,
Pisum sativum L., Polypodiaceae, Pyrus communis L., Rosa spp., Rubus spp., Saccharum
officinarum L., Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Sesamum indicum L.,
Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanum melongena L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Spathiphyllum
spp., Spinacia oleracea L., Vanda spp., Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Xanthosoma spp., Yucca
elephantipes Regel ex Trel., Zea mays L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on roots and stems of
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
7
Aglaonema spp. and Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (as Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
*Bactrodesmium longisporum M.B. Ellis
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/53).
Bahusutrabeeja angularis V. Rao & de Hoog
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
*Belemnospora navicularis R. F. Castañeda & Heredia
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead woody branch, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/52).
Beltrania maxima Rambelli
On dead leaves of Clusia sp. (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Beltrania querna Harkn.
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Beltraniella portoricensis (F. Stevens) Piroz. & S.D. Patil
On dead leaves (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a); SPECIMEN EXAMINED– on dead fallen leaf, Río Macho,
Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012
(INIFAT C12/54).
Beltraniopsis asperisetifer Matsush
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Berkleasmium tropicale E.F. Morris
On dead tree (Morris 1972).
Bionectria byssicola (Berk. & Broome) Schroers & Samuels
On flowers, immature pods and isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa (as Clonostachys byssicola Schroers)
(Hoopen & al. 2010).
Bipolaris cookei (Sacc.) Shoemaker
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (as Drechslera sorghicola (Lefebvre & Sherwin) M.J.
Richardson & E.M. Fraser) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Bipolaris cynodontis (Marignoni) Shoemaker
On dead leaves of Clusia sp. (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Bipolaris maydis (Y. Nisik. & C. Miyake) Shoemaker
On leaves of Zea mays L. [as Drechslera maydis (Y. Nisik. & C. Miyake) Subram. & B.L. Jain]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker
On leaves of Oryza sativa L. [as Drechslera oryzae (Breda de Haan) Subram. & B.L. Jain] (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Bipolaris sacchari (E.J. Butler) Shoemaker
On dead leaves of orchid (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008); on leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. [as
Drechslera sacchari (E.J. Butler) Subram. & B.L. Jain] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Bipolaris zeicola (G.L. Stout) Shoemaker
On leaves of Zea mays L. [as Drechslera zeicola (G.L. Stout) Subram. & B.L. Jain] (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley
On fruits and leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L.,
Cucurbita pepo L., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Sechium tacaco (Pitt.) C. Jeffrey and on leaves of
Nicotiana tabacum L. (as Ascochyta nicotianae Pass. and Ascochyta phaseolorum Sacc.); on leaves
of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe (as Phyllosticta hydrangeae Ellis & Everh.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Boeremia lycopersici (Cooke) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley
On fruits and leaves of Fragaria sp. and leaves of Rubus spp. (as Phoma lycopersici Cooke) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
8…
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Botryodiplodia circinans (Berk. & Broome) Petr.
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (as Diplodia circinans Berk. & Broome) (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Botryodiplodia palmarum (Cooke) Petr. & Syd.
On stem of Cocos nucifera L. (as Sphaeropsis palmarum Cooke) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Botryodiplodia pandani (Lév.) Petr. & Syd.
On Pandanus sp. (as Macrophoma pandani (Lév.) Berl. & Voglino) (Stevens 1927).
Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker
On fruits and stems of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (as Sphaeropsis malorum (Berk.)
Berk.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Botrytis allii Munn
On bulbs of Allium sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Botrytis cinerea Pers.
On Rosa sp. (Stevens 1927).
Botryotinia squamosa Vienn.-Bourg.
On bulbs of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. (as Botrytis squamosa J.C. Walker)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Brachydesmiella biseptata G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes
On dead woody branches (Morris 1972).
Brachysporiella gayana Bat.
On dead petiole of an undetermined palm tree and dead branches of Smilax sp. (Mercado-Sierra & al.
1997b).
*Brachysporiella pulchra (Subram.) S. Hughes
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/47).
Cacumisporium capitulatum (Corda) S. Hughes
On dead bark (Morris 1972).
*Cacumisporium pleuroconidiophorum (Davydkina & Melnik) R. F. Castañeda, Heredia & Iturr.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/63).
Calonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma
On capsules, leaves and stems of Arachis hypogaea L. (as Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) D.K.
Bell & Sobers) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Calonectria kyotensis Terash.
On roots of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (as Cylindrocladium floridanum Sobers & C.
P. Seym.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Calonectria morganii Crous, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf.
Endophytic in roots of Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe (Richardson & Currah 1995); on
fruits of Persea americana Mill., on leaves of Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Eucalyptus spp., Gliricidia
sepium (Jacq.) Walp., Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche and Oryza sativa L., stems of Rosa
spp., on roots of Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Anacardium occidentale L. (as Cylindrocladium
scoparium Morgan) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Calonectria spathiphylli El-Gholl
On leaves and roots of Spathiphyllum spp. (as Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Schoult., El-Gholl &
Alfieri) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Camposporidium hughesii R.F. Castañeda & Guarro
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/63-2).
Camptomeris calliandrae Syd.
On living leaflets of Calliandra similis Sprague & L. Riley (Bessey 1953).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
9
*Canalisporium pallidum Goh
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/57).
*Canalisporium pulchrum (Hol.-Jech. & Mercado) Nawawi & Kuthub.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/29-4).
Cephalosporium carpogenum Ruehle
On fruits of Malus sylvestris Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cephalosporium cinnamomeum Linn
On leaves of Aglaonema spp., Araceae, Dieffenbachia spp., Philodendron sp. and Syngonium spp.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau
On fruits of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla, on fruits, roots and stems of Ananas
comosus (L.) Merr., on roots of Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f., on roots and
stems of Araceae, Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Cocos nucifera L., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott,
Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Philodendron spp., Saccharum officinarum L., Xanthosoma spp. and Zea
mays L. and trunk of Mangifera indica L. and Theobroma cacao L. (as Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De
Seynes) Höhn.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ceratosporella deviata Subram
On dead branches (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Cercospora alabamensis G.F. Atk.
On Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Stevens 1927).
Cercospora anacardii A.S. Mull. & Chupp
On leaves of Anacardium occidentale L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora apii Fresen.
On leaves of Apium graveolens L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora arachidicola Hori
On leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora asparagi Sacc.
On leaves of Asparagus spp. and A. officinalis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora begoniae Hori
On leaves of Begonia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora beticola Sacc.
On leaves of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora brassicicola Henn.
On leaves of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC. and Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora canescens Ellis & G. Martin
On leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora capsici Heald & F.A. Wolf
On leaves of Capsicum annuum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko
On leaves of Daucus carota L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora chrysanthemi Heald & F.A. Wolf
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora cruciferarum Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Raphanus sativus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora elaeidis Steyaert
On leaves of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
10 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Cercospora epipactidis C. Massal.
On leaves of Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp.,
Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora erechtitis G.F. Atk.
On Erechtites sp. (Stevens 1927).
Cercospora fragariae Lobik
On leaves of Fragaria sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora fukushiana (Matsuura) W. Yamam.
On leaves of Impatiens spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora gerberae Chupp & Viégas
On leaves of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora gigantea F.E. Fisher
On leaves of Citrus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora hayi Calp.
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora hederae Togashi & Katsuki
On leaves of Hedera helix L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora heliconiae Chowdhry, D. Gupta & Padhi
On leaves of Heliconia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora hydrangeae Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora insulana (Sacc.) Sacc.
On leaves of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora kikuchii (Tak. Matsumoto & Tomoy.) M.W. Gardner
On grains and leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora longipes E.J. Butler
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora longissima Cooke & Ellis
On leaves of Lactuca sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora medicaginis Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Medicago sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora melongenae Welles
On leaves of Solanum melongena L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora nicotianae Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora papayae Hansf.
On leaves of Carica papaya L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora passiflorae A.S. Mull. & Chupp
On leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims. and P. ligularis A. Juss. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora petroselini Sacc.
On leaves of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora petuniae A.S. Mull. & Chupp
On leaves of Petunia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora porophylli F. Stevens & Moore bis
On Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. (Stevens 1927).
Cercospora pulcherrima Tharp
On leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora ricinella Sacc. & Berl.
On leaves of Ricinus communis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
11
Cercospora sambuci F. Stevens & C.J. King
On Sambucus canadensis L. (Stevens 1927).
Cercospora sechii J.A. Stev.
On leaves of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora sesami Zimm.
On leaves of Sesamum indicum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora sojina Hara
On leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora sorghi Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora tosensis Henn.
On leaves of Solanum sp. (Sydow 1927).
Cercospora zingibericola A.K. Kar & M. Mandal
On leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercospora zonata G. Winter
On leaves of Vicia faba L. (as Cercospora fabae Fautrey) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercosporella elvirae Syd.
On leaves of Delilia biflora (L.) Kuntze (Sydow 1927).
Cercosporella rubi (G. Winter) Plakidas
On fruits and leaves of Rubus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cercosporidium bougainvilleae (Munt.-Cvetk.) Sobers & C.P. Seym.
On leaves of Bougainvillea spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Chaetomium longicolleum Krzemien. & Badura
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil and virgin forest soil (as Chaetoceratostoma longirostre Farrow)
(Goos 1960).
Chaetoseptoria wellmanii J.A. Stev.
On leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Chaetosphaeria chloroconia W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.
On decayed wood (as Gonytrichum chlamydosporium G.L. Barron & G.C. Bhatt) (Mercado-Sierra & al.
1997b).
Chaetosphaeria innumera Berk. & Broome ex Tul. & C. Tul.
On litter (as Chloridium botryoideum (Corda) S. Hughes) (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Chaetosticta perforata (Ellis & Everh.) Petr. & Syd.
Endophytic in roots of Bromeliaceae, Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer and Trigonidium
egertonianum Bateman ex Lindl. (as Chaetosticta cf. perforata (Ellis & Everh.) Petr. & Syd.)
(Richardson & Currah 1995).
Chalara brachyspora Sacc.
On unidentified wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Chloridium phaeosporum W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (as Chloridium phaeosporum var. cubense Hol.-Jech.) (Bills &
Polishook 1994b).
Chloridium virescens (Pers.) W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.
On rotten log (as Helicosporium virescens (Pers.) Sivan.) (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Cicinnobella consimilis Syd.
On leaf of Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav, parasitic in mycelium of Irene escharoides Syd. and
Neostomella tabernaemontanae Syd. (Sydow 1927).
Cirrenalia palmicola Matsush.
On unidentified wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Cladosporium allii-cepae (Ranoj.) M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
12 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries
Endophytic in roots of Specklinia simmleriana (Rendle) Luer (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Cladosporium colocasiae Sawada
On leaves of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur
On fruits, leaves and stems of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C.
sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L. and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil and virgin forest soil (Goos 1960); on leaves of Asparagus spp.,
A. officinalis L., Arachis hypogaea L. and Gladiolus spp., on leaves and cobs of Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench and Zea mays L., on leaves and fruits of Passiflora edulis Sims.and P. ligularis A.
Juss., on leaves and glumes of Oryza sativa L., on leaves and pods of Pisum sativum L., on seeds of
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cladosporium vignae M.W. Gardner
On leaves of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Clonostachys cylindrospora Höhn.
On dead woody branch (Morris 1972).
Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams
Isolated from soil (as Gliocladium roseum Bainier) (Farrow 1954); on leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook.
f. (as Gliocladium roseum Bainier) (Bills & Polishook 1994b); endophytic in roots of Camaridium
neglectum (Schltr.) M.A. Blanco, Epidendrum octomerioides Schltr., Scaphyglottis prolifera (R.
Br.) Cogn. and Stelis sp. (as Gliocladium roseum Bainier) (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Cochliobolus geniculatus R.R. Nelson
On leaves of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC. and Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (as Curvularia geniculata (Tracy &
Earle) Boedijn) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cochliobolus setariae (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur
On leaves of Calathea sp., Cocos nucifera L. and Maranta leuconeura E. Morren (as Drechslera
setariae (Shoemaker) Subram. & B.L. Jain) (Villalobos & al. 2009); on leaves of Bactris gasipaes
Kunth (Arroyo-Oquendo & al. 2004).
Codinaea delicata R.F. Castañeda, M.M. Granados & O. Castro
On decaying leaves of unidentied plant (Granados-Montero & al. 2014).
Colletotrichum anthurii Delacr.
On leaves of Anthurium spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P. Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby
On leaves of Curcuma longa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum caricae F. Stevens & J.G. Hall
On leaves of Ficus sp. and F. carica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum circinans (Berk.) Voglino
On bulbs of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum coffeanum F. Noack
On branches and fruits of Coffea arabica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes
On fruits of Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and on leaves of P. guajava L. (as
Gloeosporium psidii Delacr.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum crassipes (Speg.) Arx
Endophytic in roots of Camaridium neglectum (Schltr.) M. A. Blanco, Campylocentrum micranthum
(Lindl.) Rolfe, Dichaea acroblephara Schrad, Jacquiniella globosa (Jacq.) Schltr., Maxillaria sp.,
Myoxanthus scandens (Ames) Luer, Oncidium lineoligerum Rchb. f. & Warsz, Prosthechea
fragrans (Sw.) W. E. Higgins, Rodriguezia compacta Schltr., Stelis sp., Trichosalpinx orbicularis
(Lindl.) Luer and Trigonidium riopalenquense Dodson (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
13
Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove
On Pteromischum sp. (Ren & al. 2008); on leaves of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (as
Colletotrichum spinaciae Ellis & Halst.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum elasticae Tassi
On leaves of Ficus sp. and F. carica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum falcatum Went
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks
On flowers and fruits of Fragaria sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
On Iresine calea (Ibáñez) Standl. as Colletotrichum iresines F. Stevens (Stevens 1927); on leaves of
Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b); endophytic in roots of Araceae, Camaridium
neglectum (Schltr.) M.A. Blanco, Catasetum maculatum Kunth, Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E.
Higgins and Sobralia sp. (Richardson & Currah 1995); on branches and fruits of Coffea arabica L.,
on branches, flowers, fruits, leaves and stems of Annona spp. and A. muricata L., on branches and
leaves of Bixa orellana L., on capsules of Arachis hypogaea L., on capsules, flowers, leaves and
stems of Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews, on corns of Gossypium hirsutum L., on flowers,
leaves and stems of Strelitzia reginae Banks, on fruits of Carica papaya L., Malus sylvestris Mill.,
Passiflora edulis Sima, Passiflora ligularis A. Juss., Prunus spp., P. persica (L.) Stokes, Pyrus
communis L., Rubus spp., Sechium tacaco (Pitt.) C. Jeffrey, Solanum lycopersicum L. and S.
melongena L., on leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Aglaonema spp., Anacardium
occidentale L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Angraecoides spp., Aphelandra squarrosa Nees,
Araceae, Arachis hypogaea L., Arecaceae, Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Begonia spp., Brassaia spp.,
Bromeliaceae, Calathea spp., Capsicum annuum L., Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson,
Cattleya spp., Citrus spp., Cocos nucifera L., Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss.,
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Cordyline spp., Coriandrum sativum L., Cymbidium spp.,
Dendrobium spp., Dianthus caryophyllus L., Dieffenbachia spp., Dioscorea alata L., Dracaena
spp., Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S. Bunting, Euphorbia
pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, Ficus sp., F. carica L., Fragaria sp., Glycine max (L.) Merr.,
Hedera helix L., Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe, Impatiens spp., Ipomoea batatas (L.)
Lam., Kalanchoe spp., Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche,
Malus sylvestris Mill., Mangifera indica L., Manihot esculenta Crantz, Maranta leuconeura E.
Morren, Miltonia spp., Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Musa acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla,
Nicotiana tabacum L., Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Passiflora edulis
Sims, P. ligularis A. Juss, Persea americana Mill., Phalaenopsis spp., Philodendron spp., Piper
amplum Kunth, Polyscias spp., Prunus spp., P. persica (L.) Stokes, Psidium friedrichsthalianum
(O. Berg) Nied., P. guajava L., Pyrus communis L., Rosa spp., Sansevieria trifasciata Prain,
Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L., Syngonium spp., Theobroma cacao L., Vanda spp., Vitis
vinifera L., Xanthosoma spp., Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on
leaves and stems of Capsicum annuum L., on leaves, stems and pods of Pisum sativum L., on leaves
and pods of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, on leaves of Cordyline spp. and Dracaena spp. (as
Colletotrichum dracaenae Allesch.) (Villalobos & al. 2009); on fruits of Averrhoa carambola L.,
Carica papaya L. and Mangifera indica L. (Barquero & al. 2013).
Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wilson
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc.
On leaves of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC. and Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara
On leaves and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum magnum (Jenkins & Winstead) Rossman & W.C. Allen
On fruits of Carica papaya L. (Molina-Chaves & al. 2017).
Colletotrichum manihotis Henn.
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Villalobos & al. 2009).
14 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx
On leaves of Heliconia spp, Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum trifolii Bain
On leaves of Medicago sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore
On leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merr., on leaves and pods of Vicia faba L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Colletotrichum zingiberis (Sundar.) E.J. Butler & Bisby
On leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Condylospora flexuosa Nawawi & Kuthub.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decaying bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/30-2).
Coniothyrium concentricum (Desm.) Sacc.
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Coniothyrium olivaceum Bonord.
Endophytic in roots of Cyclanthaceae (as Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bonord.) Höhn. (Richardson &
Currah 1995).
Corallomycetella repens (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels
Isolated from virgin forest soil (as Sphaerostilbe repens Berk. & Broome) (Goos 1960).
Cordana abramovii Seman & Davydkina
On dead branches (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b); SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi,
Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT
C12/44).
*Cordana crassa Tóth
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decaying bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/53-1).
Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei
On fruits of Carica papaya L., on leaves of Aphelandra squarrosa Nees, Begonia spp., Capsicum
annuum L., Carica papaya L., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Colocasia esculenta
(L.) Schott, Coriandrum sativum L., Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Glycine
max (L.) Merr., Gossypium hirsutum L., Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe, Luffa cylindrica
M. Roem., Sesamum indicum L., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Solanum lycopersicum L., S.
melongena L., Passiflora edulis Sims, P. ligularis A. Juss., Petunia spp., Psidium guajava L., Pyrus
communis L., Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Xanthosoma spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009); SPECIMEN
EXAMINED–on nursery plants of Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm., M. Granados-Montero, 9 Jan 2017
(LF-3786-16).
Corynespora inornata (S.C. Jong & E.F. Morris) Deighton
On dead woody branches (as Phaeoisariopsis inornata S.C. Jong & E.F. Morris) (Morris 1972).
Corynespora torulosa (Syd.) Crous
On fruits and leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (as Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.)
M.B. Ellis) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Corynesporopsis isabelicae Hol.-Jech.
On rachides of an undetermined palm tree mixed with Meliolineae and microthyriaceous fungi
(Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Coryneum microstictum Berk. & Broome
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Craspedodidymum cubense J. Mena & Mercado
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/35).
Craspedodidymum proliferans V. Rao & de Hoog
On dead branches (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
15
*Cryptophiale udagawae Piroz. & Ichinoe
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/61-1).
Curvularia affinis Boedijn
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia brachyspora Boedijn
On dead leaves of Clusia sp. (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia clavata B.L. Jain
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia crepinii (Westend.) Boedijn
On dead leaves of orchid (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia cymbopogonis (C.W. Dodge) J.W. Groves & Skolko
Endophytic in roots of Stelis argentata Lindl. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Curvularia eragrostidis (Henn.) J.A. Mey.
On dead leaves of indeterrninate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008); on leaves of Ananas comosus (L.)
Merr. and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); on grains of Oryza sativa L., on leaves of
Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Gladiolus spp., Miltonia spp.,
Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp., Sabal palmetto
(Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Vanda spp., and Zea mays L.,
on seeds of Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Curvularia oryzae Bugnic.
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia pallescens Boedijn
On dead culms of Bambusa sp. (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b); on dead leaves of orchid (Rambelli &
Ciccarone 2008); on leaves of Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Curvularia ravenelii (M.A. Curtis ex Berk.) Manamgoda
On Sporobolus sp. and S. indicus (L.) R. Br. (as Helminthosporium ravenelii M.A. Curtis ex Berk.)
(Stevens 1927).
Curvularia senegalensis (Speg.) Subram.
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Curvularia spicifera (Bainier) Boedijn
On leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe [as Drechslera spicifera (Bainier) Arx] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Curvularia trifolii (Kauffman) Boedijn
On seeds of Cucumis melo L. and leaves of C. sativus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Curvularia tsudae (Tsuda & Ueyama) H. Deng, Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas
Endophytic in roots of Camaridium neglectum (Schltr.) M.A. Blanco, Polypodiaceae and Specklinia
guanacastensis (Ames & C. Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (as Drechslera australiensis
Bugnic. ex M. B. Ellis) (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Cylindrosporium angustifoliae Ellis & Kellerm.
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cylindrosporium bambusae I. Miyake & Hara
On stems of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cylindrotrichum oligospermum (Corda) Bonord.
On fruits of Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Cytospora sacchari E.J. Butler
On pods of Saccharum officinarum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Dactylaria chrysosperma (Sacc.) G.C. Bhatt & W.B. Kendr.
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
16 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
*Dactylaria curvispora (Matsush.) de Hoog & Arx
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/33).
*Dactylaria fusiformis (Matsush.) de Hoog & Arx
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/32).
Dactylaria humicola G.C. Bhatt & W.B. Kendr.
On leaves of Araceae and Philodendron sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Dactylaria obscuriseptata Goh & K.D. Hyde
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/36).
Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Dendrodochium gouaniae Syd.
On leaves of Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb. (Sydow 1927).
*Dendrosporium lobatum Plakidas & Edgerton ex J.L. Crane
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decaying bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/30-1).
Dendryphiella vinosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Reisinger
On dead woody branch [as Dendryphion vinosum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Hughes] (Morris 1972).
Dendryphion comosum Wallr.
On dead herbaceous stems (Morris 1972); on indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Dendryphion nodosum Rambelli
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Denticularia mangiferae (Bitanc. & Jenkins) Alcorn
On leaves of Mangifera indica L. (as Sphaceloma mangiferae Bitanc. & Jenkins) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Diaporthe amygdali (Delacr.) Udayanga, Crous & K.D. Hyde
On branches of Prunus spp. and P. persica (L.) Stokes (as Fusicoccum amygdali Delacr.) (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
*Dicranidion fragile Harkn.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/46).
Dictyochaeta parva (S. Hughes & W. B. Kendr.) Hol.-Jech.
Endophytic in roots of Catasetum maculatum Kunth. (as Codinaea parva S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr.)
(Richardson & Currah 1995).
Dictyosporium heptasporum (Garov.) Damon
On bark (Morris 1972).
Dictyosporium prolificum Damon
On dead woody branch (Morris 1972).
Dictyosporium subramanianii B. Sutton
On dead stems of a Gramineae (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Didymella bryoniae (Fuckel) Rehm
On fruits of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L. and C. sativus L., on
leaves of Cucurbita pepo L. and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (as Ascochyta cucumis Fautrey & Roum.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Didymella fabae G.J. Jellis & Punith.
On leaves of Vicia faba L. (as Ascochyta fabae Speg.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Didymella pinodella (L.K. Jones) Q. Chen & L. Cai
On leaves, roots and stems of Pisum sativum L. [as Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (L.K. Jones)
Boerema] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
17
Didymella pisi Chilvers, J.D. Rogers & Peever
On leaves and pods of Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L. (as Ascochyta pisi Lib.) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Elachopeltis phoebes Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
*Ellisembia bambusicola (M.B. Ellis) J. Mena & G. Delgado
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas,
G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/48).
Elsinoe ampelina Shear
On leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (as Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Elsinoe fawcettii Bitanc. & Jenkins
On fruits and leaves of Citrus spp. (as Sphaceloma fawcettii Jenkins) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Endophragmiella angustispora S. Hughes
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/63-1).
Endophragmiella biseptata (Peck) S. Hughes
On dead wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
*Endophragmiella pallescens B. Sutton
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark and decayed leaf, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M.
Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/53-2).
Entyloma petuniae Speg.
On leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Araya & Hernández 2006).
Entylomella chrysanthemi (Ellis & Dearn.) Höhn. ex Cif.
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (as Cylindrosporium chrysanthemi Ellis & Dearn.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Epicoccum andropogonis (Ces.) Schol-Schwarz
Endophytic in roots of Acianthera verecunda (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Catasetum maculatum
Kunth, Dimerandra emarginata (G. Mey.), Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq., Gongora unicolor Schltr.,
Nidema boothii (Lindl.) Schltr., Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins, Rodriguezia compacta
Schltr., Stelis sp. and Trigonidium egertonianum Bateman ex Lindl. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Epicoccum nigrum Link
Endophytic in roots of Maxillaria xylobiiflora Schltr. and Sobralia sp. (Richardson & Currah 1995); on
grains of Oryza sativa L. and leaves of Cocos nucifera L. (as Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Epicoccum sorghinum (Sacc.) Aveskamp
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (as Phyllosticta sacchari Speg.) and on leaves of Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench as (Phyllosticta sorghina Sacc.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Epidermophyton floccosum (Harz) Langeron & Miloch.
On humans with dermatophytosis (Montero-Gei & Perera 1992); on humans with onychomycosis
(Salas-Campos & Chaves-Madrigal 2004).
Eriomycopsis tenuis Syd.
On leaves of Inga marginata Willd.and parasitic on mycelium of Parodiopsis stevensii G. Arnaud
(Sydow 1927).
Erysiphe necator Schwein.
On leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (as Oidium tuckeri Berk.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Euoidium chrysanthemi (Rabenh.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (as Oidium chrysanthemi Rabenh.) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Euoidium lycopersici (Cooke & Massee) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook
On leaves of Solanum lycopersicum L. (as Oidium lycopersici Cooke & Massee) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
18 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Exophiala calicioides (Fr.) G. Okada & Seifert
On dead branches (as Graphium calicioides (Fr.) Cooke & Massee) (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) K.J. Leonard & Suggs
On leaves of Arecaceae and Bromeliaceae [as Drechslera rostrata (Drechsler) M.J. Richardson & E.M.
Fraser] and on leaves of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (as Drechslea halodes var. elaeicola Kovachich)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) K.J. Leonard & Suggs
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Exserticlava vasiformis (Matsush.) S. Hughes
On dead branches of Bambusa sp. (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Fibroidium tingitaninum (J.C. Carter) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook
On leaves of Citrus spp. (as Oidium tingitaninum J.C. Carter). (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Fonsecaea pedrosoi (Brumpt) Negroni
On female patient 39 years old and masculine patient 62 years old with chromoblastomycosis (Díaz &
al. 1992).
Fumago vagans Pers.
On leaves of Prunus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Fusarium concentricum Nirenberg & O’Donnell
On Musa paradisiaca L. (as Musa sapientum L.) (Nirenberg & O’Donnell 1998); on roots and stem of
Piper nigrum L. (Chinchilla & al. 2017).
Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg
On leaves of Dracaena reflexa var. angustifolia Baker as Dracaena marginata Lam. (as Fusarium
moniliforme J. Sheld.) (Acuña & al. 1999); on cobs of Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.
Endophytic in roots of Epidendrum stangeanum Rchb. f. (Richardson & Currah 1995); on bulbs of
Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp., Odontoglossum
spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp., on roots of Aglaonema
spp., Allium cepa L., A. sativum L., A. obliquum L., Apium graveolens L., Arachis hypogaea L.,
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea var.
gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck, Calathea spp., Capsicum annuum L., Cereus
spp., Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Coffea arabica L., Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L.,
Cucurbita pepo L., Cycas spp., Dianthus caryophyllus L., Dracaena spp., Fragaria sp., Gerbera
jamesonii Bolus, Gladiolus spp., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp., Heliconia spp., Ipomoea batatas
(L.) Lam, Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., Maranta leuconeura E. Morren, Musa acuminata Colla,
M. balbisiana Colla, Nicotiana tabacum L., Passiflora edulis Sims, P. ligularis A. Juss., Phaseolus
vulgaris L., Piper amplum Kunth, Pisum sativum L., Rosa spp., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.
Blake, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Sesamum indicum L., Solanum tuberosum L., S. lycopersicum L.,
S. melongena L., Tectona grandis L. f., Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews, Vicia faba L., Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on stems of Aglaonema spp. (Villalobos &
al. 2009); on roots and stem of Piper nigrum L. (Chinchilla & al. 2017).
Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg
On seeds of Oryza sativa L. (Campos 2013); on peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (CastroChinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954); isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); on leaves of
Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b); endophytic in roots of Camaridium neglectum
(Schltr.) M.A. Blanco, Echinosepala uncinata (Fawc.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Epidendrum
schlechterianum Ames, Pleurothallis phyllocardioides Schltr., Sobralia sp., Stelis argentata Lindl.
and Trigonidium riopalenquense Dodson (Richardson & Currah 1995); on branches of Citrus spp.
and Malus sylvestris Mill., on leaves of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma spp., on
roots of Arachis hypogaea L., Arecaceae, Capsicum annuum L., Cocos nucifera L., Coffea arabica
L., Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Eryngium foetidum L., Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.
ex Klotzsch, Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Manihot esculenta Crantz, Musa
acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Piper amplum Kunth, Pisum sativum
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
19
L., Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl., Vicia faba L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., on roots and
stems of Aglaonema spp., Allium sativum L., Brassaia spp., Dracaena spp., Polyscias spp., on stems
of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews, on tubers of
Solanum tuberosum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009); SPECIMEN EXAMINED– on coffee living leaves,
Tarrazú, San José, M. Granados-Montero, 30 Mar. 2012; on humans with onychomycosis (SequeiraOviedo & al. 2016); on roots and stem of Piper nigrum L. (Chinchilla & al. 2017).
*Fusichalara dimorphospora S. Hughes & Nag Raj
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark and decayed leaf, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M.
Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/53-1A).
Fusisporella vexans Syd.
On leaves of Roupala montana Aubl. and parasitic on stroma of Phyllachora roupalina (Mont.) Sacc.
(Sydow 1927).
Gangliostilbe costaricensis Mercado, Gené & Guarro
On rotten tree (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Geosmithia eupagioceri M. Kolařík
Isolated in a gallery of Eupagiocerus dentipes Blandford in the pith of a woody vine Paullinia brenesii
T.B. Croat (Kolarik & Kirkendall 2010).
Geosmithia microcorthyli M. Kolařík
Isolated in a gallery of Microcorthylus sp. (Kolarik & Kirkendall 2010).
Geosmithia rufescens M. Kolařík
Isolated in a gallery of Cnesinus lecontei Blandford feeding on Croton draco Schltdl. (Kolarik &
Kirkendall 2010).
Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc.
On branches of Coffea arabica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009). [As Fusarium lateritium Nees]
Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw.
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (as Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld.) (Goos 1960); on cobs of Zea
mays L., on ears of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, on fruits of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., on grains
and roots of Oryza sativa L., on leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. and Sansevieria trifasciata
Prain, on leaves and pseudostems of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla, on leaves and
stems of Arecaceae, Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Cocos nucifera L., Cordyline spp., Dracaena spp.,
Ficus spp., Gossypium hirsutum L., Hedera helix L. and Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult.
& Schult. f., on roots of Sechium tacaco (Pittier) C. Jeffrey and stems of Coffea arabica L. (as
Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Gibberella pulicaris (Kunze) Sacc.
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); on sclerotia of Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) Whetzel
(as Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) (Granados-Montero 2004); on fruits of Musa acuminata Colla and
M. balbisiana Colla, on leaves of Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand and roots of Philodendron
spp. (as Fusarium roseum Link) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch
On ears of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, on glumes, grains and stems of Oryza sativa L. and stems of
Zea mays L. (as Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Gloeocercospora sorghi D.C. Bain & Edgerton ex Deighton
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L. (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Gloeosporium orbiculare (Berk.) Berk.
On fruits, leaves and stems of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai [as Colletotrichum
orbiculare (Berk.) Arx] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Glomerella acutata Guerber & J.C. Correll
Endophytic in roots of Trigonidium riopalenquense Dodson (Richardson & Currah 1995); on flowers
of Citrus aurantium L. (Arce 2003); on fruits and leaves of Fragaria sp., on leaves of Capsicum
annuum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009); on fruits of Averrhoa carambola L., leaves of Citrus aurantifolia
(Christm.) Swingle and Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching (Barquero & al. 2013). [As
Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds]
20 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
*Goidanichiella barronii W. Gams
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/41).
Graphium eumorphum (Sacc.) Sacc.
On roots of epiphytic orchid Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins growing on Naucleopsis naga
Pittier and roots of orchid Sobralia mucronata Ames & C. Schweinf. (Abbott 2000).
Gyrothrix flagella (Cooke & Ellis) Piroz.
On dead leaves of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Gyrothrix flexuosa Rambelli
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Gyrothrix microsperma (Höhn.) Piroz.
On dead leaves of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Gyrothrix pupulinii Rambelli & Ciccarone
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Hamigera avellanea Stolk & Samson
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (as Penicillium avellaneum Thom & Turesson) (Goos 1960).
Hansfordiellopsis maggiae Rambelli & Ciccarone
On dead leaves of indeterminate plant (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Haplobasidion musae M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisina Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Haplotrichum parmastoi G. Langer
On decayed wood (Langer & Langer 1998).
*Helicoma fumosum (P. Karst.) G.Z. Zhao
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/27-2).
*Helicoma recurvum (Petch) Linder
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/60).
Helicomyces roseus Link
On dead branches and dead wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b); SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead branches,
Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul.
2012 (INIFAT C12/34-1).
Helicosporium griseum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
On dead branches (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Helicosporium pannosum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) R.T. Moore
On dead branches of an unidentified tree (as Drepanospora pannosa Berk. & M.A. Curtis) (MercadoSierra & al. 1997b).
Helminthosporium glabroides F. Stevens
On leaves of Roupala veraguensis Klotzsch ex Meissn. and parasitic in mycelium of Asterinae and
Meliolae (Sydow 1927).
Helminthosporium gossypii Tucker
On leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Helminthosporium mayaguezense Miles
On Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Stevens 1927).
Helminthosporium sechiicola J.A. Stev.
On leaves of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont.
On tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
21
Helminthosporium velutinum Link
On dead woody branches (Morris 1972); SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed bark, Río Macho, Orosi,
Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT
C12/35-1 and INIFAT C12/62).
Hemibeltrania ovalispora Rambelli
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
*Hermatomyces tucumanensis Speg.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/42).
Heteroseptata bacillospora E.F. Morris
On dead tree (Morris 1972).
Hirsutella jonesii (Speare) H.C. Evans & Samson
On a large leaf-hopper (as Synnematium jonesii Speare) (Petch 1937).
Hirsutella nodulosa Petch
Not specified. Possibly on spider mites (Hodge 1998).
Hohenbuehelia leptospora (Drechsler) Thorn
On dead hanging vines, aerial soil and mosses, in hollow rotting logs, under dense shrubs, decaying
bark, leaf litter and from infected nematodes (as Nematoctonus leptosporus Drechsler) (Koziak &
al. 2007).
Hohenbuehelia tylospora (Drechsler) Thorn
In rich, organic soil and rotted wood, mossy soil and leaf litter (as Nematoctonus tylosporus Drechsler)
(Koziak & al. 2007).
Hormodendrum nectandrae Syd.
On leaves of Nectandra reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (Sydow 1927).
Humicola brevis (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) J.C. Gilman
Isolated from soil sample (as Monotospora brevis (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) E.W. Mason) (Farrow
1954).
Hypocrella andropogonis (Henn.) Petch
On leaves (as Aschersonia andropogonis Henn.) (Liu & al. 2006).
Hypocrella turbinata (Berk.) Seaver
On substrate not indicated (as Aschersonia turbinata Berk.) (Liu & al. 2006).
Hypocrella viridans (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Petch
On substrate not indicated [as Aschersonia viridans (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pat.] (Liu & al. 2006).
*Idriella angustispora Morgan-Jones
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed leaves, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/37).
*Idriella mycophila R. F. Castañeda, Guarro & Cano
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–overgrowing Cryptophiale udagawae Piroz. & Ichinoe on decayed twig, Río
Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul.
2012 (INIFAT C12/61).
Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (as Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten) (Bills &
Polishook 1994b); endophytic in roots of Stelis sp. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Ilyonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsson) P. Chaverri & Salgado
On roots of Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. (as Cylindrocarpon radicicola Wollenw.) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Kendrickiella phycomyces (Auersw.) K. Jacobs & M.J. Wingf.
On dead wood [as Phialocephala phycomyces (Auersw.) W.B. Kendr.] (Morris 1972).
Knoxdaviesia cecropiae (M. Kolařík) Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf.
On adult of Scolytodes unipunctatus Wood & Bright in sapwood of Cecropia angustifolia Trec. (as
Custingophora cecropiae M. Kolařík). (Kolarik & Hulcr 2009).
22 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Korunomyces prostratus Seixas & R. W. Barreto
On biotype highland of Miconia calvescens DC. (Seixas & al. 2007).
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.
Endophytic in roots of Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe,
Epidendrum difforme Jacq., E. octomerioides Schltr., Nidema boothii (Lindl.) Schltr., Pleurothallis
phyllocardioides Schltr., Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins, Sobralia sp., S. mucronata
Ames & C. Schweinf., Specklinia guanacastensis (Ames & C. Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase
and Trichosalpinx blaisdellii (S. Watson) Luer (Richardson & Currah 1995); on branches of
Anacardium occidentale L., Annona sp., A. muricata L., Brassaia sp., Citrus sp., Colocasia
esculenta (L.) Schott, Mangifera indica L., Prunus sp., P. persica (L.) Stokes, Psidium guajava L.,
Theobroma cacao L., Rosa spp., Spondias purpurea L. and Xanthosoma sp., on bulbs of Allium cepa
L, A. obliquum L. and A sativum L. as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., on fruits of Anacardium
occidentale L., Annona spp., A. muricata L., Carica papaya L., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott,
Mangifera indica L., Musa acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla, Spondias purpurea L,
Xanthosoma spp. and on fruits of Citrus spp. as Diplodia natalensis Pole-Evans, on leaves of Ananas
comosus (L.) Merr., Arecaceae, Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Cereus spp., Cocos nucifera L. and Elaeis
guineensis Jacq., on roots of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Annona sp., A. muricata L., Gossypium
hirsutum L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on stems of Annona sp., A. muricata L., Araceae,
Arachis hypogaea L., Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Cereus spp., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura
& Nakai, Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss., Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L., Cucurbita
pepo L., Dioscorea alata L., Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, Kalanchoe sp., Macadamia
integrifolia Maiden & Betche, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Passiflora edulis Sims, Passiflora
ligularis A. Juss., Persea americana Mill., Philodendron sp., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Ricinus
communis L. and Zea mays L. and on tubers of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Leptographium costaricense G. Weber
Isolated from rhizoplane of Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts (Weber & al. 1996).
Leptosphaeria maculans (Tul. & C. Tul.) Ces. & De Not
On stems of B. oleracea var. botrytis L., B. oleracea var. capitata L., B. oleracea var. gemmifera DC.,
Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck and Raphanus sativus L. (as Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud
On leaves of Capsicum annuum L., Daucus carota L., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Sesamum indicum L.,
Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (as Oidiopsis taurica (Lév.) E.S. Salmon) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Macrophoma mangiferae Hing. & O. P. Sharma
On leaves of Mangifera indica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Macrophoma sacchari (Cooke) Berl. & Voglino
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Macrophoma zeae Tehon & E.Y. Daniels
On leaves of Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
On cobs of Zea mays L., on fruits of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L.,
C. sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Psidium guajava L. and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., on leaves of
Begonia spp., and Bixa orellana L. and on leaves of Fragaria sp. as Botryodiplodia phaseoli
(Maubl.) Thirum., on roots of Arachis hypogaea L., Citrus spp., Fragaria sp., Glycine max (L.)
Merr., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Prunus spp., P. persica (L.) Stokes, Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., on stems of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)
Moench, Capsicum annuum L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Sesamum indicum
L., Solanum tuberosum L., S. lycopersicum L., S. melongena L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Zea
mays L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on tubers of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Villalobos & al.
2009).
*Mariannaea elegans (Corda) Samson
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/27-1).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
23
Melanocephala triseptata (Shearer, J.L. Crane & M.A. Mill.) S. Hughes
On dead rachides of an undetermined palm (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b); SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on
decayed bark, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo
& I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/36-1).
Melanospora brevirostris (Fuckel) Höhn.
Isolated from soil sample (Farrow 1954).
Menisporopsis novae-zelandiae S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr.
On dead fallen leaves (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Merismella concinna Syd.
On leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Sydow 1927).
Merismella gracilenta Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum tonduzii (Mez) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Merismella oligomera Syd.
On leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Sydow 1927).
Merismella proxima Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Metarhizium marquandii (Massee) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber
Isolated from soil sample (as Spicaria violacea E.V. Abbott) (Farrow 1954).
Metulocladosporiella musae (E.W. Mason) Crous, Schroers, J.Z. Groenew
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (as Cladosporium musae E.W. Mason)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki
Isolated from soil (Palma-Jiménez & al. 2018)
Microascus brevicaulis S.P. Abbott
On humans with onychomycosis (as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Bainier) (Salas-Campos & ChavesMadrigal 2004).
Microdochium albescens (Thüm.) M. Hern.-Restr. & Crous
On leaves of Oryza sativa L. (as Rhynchosporium oryzae Hashioka & Yokogi) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Microsphaeropsis arundinis (S. Ahmad) B. Sutton
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Microsporum gypseum (E. Bodin) Guiart & Grigoraki
On humans with onychomycosis (Salas-Campos & Chaves-Madrigal 2004).
*Minimelanolocus rousselianus (Mont.) R.F. Castañeda & Heredia
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead branches, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/42-2).
*Minimelanolocus subulifer (Corda) R.F. Castañeda & Heredia
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead branches, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/34).
Miyoshiella triseptata (Shoemaker & G.P. White) Réblová.
On dead branches (as Sporidesmium adscendens Berk.) (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b); SPECIMEN
EXAMINED–on dead wood, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas, G.
Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/64).
Monilinia fructigena Honey
On fruits of Prunus spp., P. persica (L.) Stokes, Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. [as
Monilia fructigena (Pers.) Pers.] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Monodictys paradoxa (Corda) S. Hughes.
On rotten wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Monodictys putredinis (Wallr.) S. Hughes.
On a dead rachis of an unidentified palm tree (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Monotosporella setosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Hughes
On bark [as Brachysporiella setosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.B. Ellis] (Morris 1972).
24 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & W. Gams
On Musa paradisiaca L. [as Verticillium theobromae (Turconi) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes] (Morris
1972); on leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b); on fruits of Musa
acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella berkeleyi W.A. Jenkins
On leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. [as Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)] (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella cerasella Aderh
On leaves of Prunus spp. and P. persica (L.) Stokes (as Cercospora circumscissa Sacc.) (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella coffeicola (Cooke) J.A. Stev. & Wellman
On leaves of Coffea arabica L. (as Cercospora coffeicola Berk. & Cooke) (Stevens 1927, Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham
On leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Fawc.. and on leaves of Phaseolus
vulgaris L. [as Cercospora cruenta Sacc. and as Pseudocercospora cruenta (Sacc.) Deighton]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella deightonii M. Morelet
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (as Cercospora concentrica Cooke & Ellis) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella dianthi (C.C. Burt) Jørst.
On leaves of Dianthus caryophyllus L. [as Cladosporium echinulatum (Berk.) G.A. de Vries]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Earle
On leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. (as Cercospora gossypina Cooke) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella henningsii Sivan.
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz [as Cercosporidium henningsii (Allesch.) Deighton] (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella musicola R. Leach ex J. L. Mulder
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla [as Pseudocercospora musae (Zimm.)
Deighton] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella pyri (Auersw.) Boerema
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (as Septoria pyricola Desm.) (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Mycosphaerella rosicola (Pass.) B.H. Davis
On leaves of Rosa spp. leaves (as Cercospora rosicola Pass.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycovellosiella cucurbiticola (Speg.) Deighton
On fruits of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. and S. tacaco (Pitt.) C. Jeffrey (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Mycovellosiella phaseoli (O. A. Drumm.) Deighton
On leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou
On litter [as Ramichloridium schulzeri (Sacc.) de Hoog] (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Myrothecium cinctum (Corda) Sacc.
From decomposing leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Myrothecium roridum Tode
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil and isolated from virgin forest soil (Goos 1960); on leaves of
Aglaonema spp., Aphelandra squarrosa Nees, Coffea arabica L., Dieffenbachia spp., Peperomia
spp., Spathiphyllum spp. and Theobroma cacao L., on roots of Araceae and on stems of Aglaonema
spp. and Dieffenbachia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Nakataea oryzae (Catt.) J. Luo & N. Zhang
On stems of Oryza sativa L. [as Nakataea sigmoidea (Cavara) Hara] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
25
Nalanthamala vermoesenii (Biourge) Schroers
On stem of Arecaceae [as Gliocladium vermoesenii (Biourge) Thom] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
* Nemania serpens (Pers.) Gray
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/43).
Nematoctonus angustatus Thorn & G.L. Barron
From Hohenbuehelia angustata (Berk.) Singer (Koziak & al. 2007).
Nematoctonus geogenius Thorn & G.L. Barron
On fallen trees with white rot, on buttress of brownrotted huge fallen tree from Hohenbuehelia
petaloides (Bull.) Schulzer (Koziak & al. 2007).
Nematoctonus pachysporus Drechsler
In rich, organic soils, leaf litter or rotting wood, in terrestrial or epiphytic mosses (Koziak & al. 2007).
Nematoctonus robustus F.R. Jones
In organic litter, rotting logs and wood, rich organic debris, mosses, on fallen branches, and hanging
vines (Koziak & al. 2007).
Neocordana musae (Zimm.) M. Hern.-Rest. & Crous
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla [as Cordana musae (Zimm.) Höhn.]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Neocosmospora lichenicola (C. Massal.) Sandoval-Denis & Crous
On immunosuppressed patient with onychomycosis [as Cylindrocarpon lichenicola (C. Massal.) D.
Hawksw.] (Lizano-Calvo & al. 2013).
Neomunkia sydowii Petr.
On culm of Chusquea sp. (Bischoff 2004).
Neonectria galligena (Bres.) Rossman & Samuels
On branches of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. [as Cylindrocarpon mali (Allesch.)
Wollenw.] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
* Neopenidiella nectandrae (Crous, U. Braun & R.F. Castañeda) Quaedvl. & Crous
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten leaf, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/55).
Neoplaconema napelli (Maire & Sacc.) B. Sutton
Endophytic in roots of Stelis sp. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers
On stem of Hylocereus spp. (Retana-Sánchez & al. 2015); on humans with onychomycosis (SequeiraOviedo & al. 2016).
Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); endophytic in roots of Oncidium lineoligerum
Rchb.f. & Warsz. (Richardson & Currah 1995); on dead leaves of Gramineae (Mercado-Sierra &
al. 1997a); on dead leaves of indeterminate plant and isolated from soil (as Nigrospora sphaerica
(Sacc.) E.W. Mason) (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008); on cobs of Zea mays L., on ears of Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench, on fruits of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla and on stems of
Oryza sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Nigrospora sacchari (Speg.) E.W. Mason
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Nothophoma arachidis-hypogaeae (V.G. Rao) Q. Chen & L. Cai
On leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. (as Phyllosticta arachidis-hypogaeae V.G. Rao) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Nyctalospora compacta E.F. Morris
On dead tree (Morris 1972).
Oidium anacardii F. Noack
On leaves of Anacardium occidentale L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium bixae Viégas
On leaves of Bixa orellana L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
26 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Oidium caricae F. Noack
On leaves of Carica papaya L. (Sydow 1927).
Oidium caricae-papayae J.M. Yen
On leaves of Carica papaya L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium cococarpum F. Stevens & A.S. Peirce
On leaves of Cocos nucifera L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium dianthi Jacz.
On leaves of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium hortensiae Jørst.
On leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium mangiferae Berthet
On leaves and fruits of Mangifera indica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Oidium manihotis Henn.
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ovulariopsis farinosa Syd.
On Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Sydow 1927).
Paecilomyces divaricatus (Thom) Samson
Isolated from rhizosphere soil of Musa sp. (as Paecilomyces variotii Bainier) (Goos 1960).
Parabeltrania persianiae Rambelli & Ciccarone
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Paraconiothyrium fuckelii (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter
On branches and fruits of Malus sylvestris Mill. and branches of Rosa spp. (as Coniothyrium fuckelii
Sacc.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Paranectriella juruana (Henn.) Höhn.
On leaves of Miconia beurlingii Triana and parasitic on stroma of Coccodiella peribebuyensis (Speg.)
I. Hino & Katum. as Dothidina fiebrigii (Henn.) Theiss. & Syd. (as Araneomyces acarifer Höhn.
(Sydow 1927).
*Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal) Ponnappa
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead leaf, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas,
G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/59).
Passalora bambusae (Cooke) Kamal
On stems of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Passalora colocasiae (Höhn.) U. Braun
On leaves of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma spp. [as Cercospora colocasiae (Höhn.)
Chupp] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Passalora diffusa (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun & Crous
On Solanum nigrum L. (as Cercospora diffusa Ellis & Everh.) (Stevens 1927).
Passalora fulva (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous
On Solanum lycopersicum L. (as Cladosporium fulvum Cooke) (Stevens 1927); on fruits and leaves of
Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (as Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Cif.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Passalora koepkei (W. Krüger) U. Braun & Crous
On leaves of Saccharum officinarum L. (as Cercospora koepkei W. Krüger) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Passalora manihotis (F. Stevens & Solheim) U. Braun & Crous
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz [as Phaeoramularia manihotis (F. Stevens & Solheim) M.B.
Ellis] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Peltistroma disciforme (Syd.) Inácio & P. F. Cannon
On leaves of Damburneya coriacea (Sw.) Trofimov & Rohwer (as Pycnostemma disciforme Syd.)
(Sydow 1927).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
27
Penicillium citrinum Thom
Isolated from soil sample (Farrow 1954); isolated from soil (as Penicillium steckii K.M. Zaleski)
(Palma-Jiménez & al. 2018).
Penicillium daleae K.W. Zaleski
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc.
On fruits of Citrus spp., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus
L., Cucurbita pepo L. and Pisum sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Penicillium expansum Link
On fruits of Persea americana Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Penicillium gladioli Machacek
Isolated from soil (as Penicillium asperum (Shear) Raper & Thom) (Farrow 1954); in banana
rhizosphere soil (Goos 1960); on bulbs of Gladiolus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Penicillium guanacastense K.G. Rivera
On two unidentified caterpillars of Noontidiae family (Rivera 2009).
Penicillium italicum Wehmer
On fruits of Citrus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Penicillium mallochii K.G. Rivera
From the intestinal tracts of leaf-eating caterpillars Citheronia lobesis Rotschild and Rothschildia lebeau
Guérin-Meneville (Rivera 2009).
Penicillium paxilli Bainier
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Penicillium rubens Biourge
Isolated from soil (Palma-Jiménez & al. 2018)
Penicillium vinaceum J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Periconia atra Corda
On decaying banana leaves (Morris 1972).
Periconia cookei E.W. Mason & M.B. Ellis
On dead herbaceous stems (Morris 1972).
Periconia maculans (Cooke) E.W. Mason & M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (as Torula maculans Cooke) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Periconiella musae Stahel ex M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Perizomella inquinans Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. and parasitic on stroma of
Phyllachorae (Sydow 1927).
Pestalotia gossypii Hori
On fiber of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pestalotia longisetula Guba
On leaves of Fragaria sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pestalotia theobromae Petch
On leaves of Theobroma cacao L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pestalotiopsis batatas (Ellis & Everh.) G.C. Zhao & N. Li
On leaves of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
*Pestalotiopsis coffeae (Zimm.) Y.X. Chen
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on coffee living leaves, Tarrazú, San José, M. Granados-Montero, 30 mar. 2012.
Pestalotiopsis gracilis (Kleb.) Steyaert
Endophytic in roots of Ornithidium nicaraguense (Hamer & Garay) M.A. Blanco & Ojeda (Richardson
& Currah 1995).
28 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (Henn.) Steyaert
On leaves and fruits of Mangifera indica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pestalotiopsis palmarum (Cooke) Steyaert
On leaves of Arecaceae, Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Cocos nucifera L., Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Musa
acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla and Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pestalotiopsis papposa Steyaert
Endophytic in roots of Gongora unicolor Schltr., Epidendrum octomerioides Schltr., E. schlechterianum
Ames, Haemodoraceae, Maxillaria endresii Rchb. f., Nidema boothii (Lindl.) Schltr. and Specklinia
corniculata (Sw.) Steud. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Pestalotiopsis psidii (Pat.) Mordue
On leaves of Psidium guajava L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Peyronellaea arachidicola (Khokhr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley
On leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. (as Ascochyta arachidis Woron.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Peyronellaea maydis (Arny & R.R. Nelson) Crous
On leaves of Zea mays L. (as Phyllosticta maydis Arny & R.R. Nelson) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Peyronellaea obtusa (Fuckel) Aveskamp
On fruits and stems of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. [as Botryosphaeria obtusa
(Schwein.) Shoemaker] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Peyronellaea pomorum (Thüm.) Aveskamp
On fruits and leaves of Pyrus communis L. [as Coniothyrium pyrinum (Sacc.) J. Sheld.] (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Phacellula gouaniae Syd.
On leaves of Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb. and G. lupuloides (L.) Urb. (Sydow 1927).
Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (Ajello, Georg & C.J.K. Wang) W. Gams
On dead leaves of Nectandra sp. (as Phialophora parasitica Ajello, Georg & C.J.K. Wang) (Hua 1992).
*Phaeocandelabrum callisporum Gusmão, A.C. Cruz & R.F. Castañeda
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead leaf, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V. Vargas,
G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/51).
Phaeoisaria bambusae Höhn.
On bark of dead tree, on woody branch and dead branches of Theobroma cacao L. (Morris 1972).
*Phaeoisaria clematidis (Fuckel) S. Hughes
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/25).
*Phaeostalagmus altissimus C.J.K. Wang & B. Sutton
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on rotten twig, coffee plantation Tarrazú, San José, M. Granados-Montero, 28
Mar. 2012 (INIFAT C12/56)
Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus (Grove) W. Gams
On dead herbaceous stems (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Phoma caricae-papayae (Tarr) Punith.
On fruits of Carica papaya L. (as Ascochyta caricae-papayae Tarr) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phoma costaricensis Echandi
On leaves, stems and fruits of Coffea arabica L. (Echandi 1957).
Phoma destructiva Plowr.
On leaves and fruits of Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Phoma draconis (Berk. ex Cooke) Boerema
On leaves of Cordyline spp. and Dracaena spp. (as Phyllosticta draconis Berk.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
29
Phoma gossypiicola Gruyter
On leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. (as Ascochyta gossypii Woron.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phoma herbarum Westend.
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Phoma psidii Henn.
On fruits of Psidium guajava L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis anacardii Early & Punith.
On leaves of Anacardium occidentale L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis annonacearum Bond.-Mont
On leaves of Annona spp. and A. muricata L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Grove
On leaves of Asparagus spp. and A. officinalis L. (as Phoma asparagi Sacc.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis caricae-papayae Petr. & Cif.
On fruits of Carica papaya L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis citri H.S. Fawc.
On stems of Citrus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis mangiferae S. Ahmad
On leaves of Mangifera indica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis obscurans (Ellis & Everh.) B. Sutton
On leaves of Fragaria sp. [as Dendrophoma obscurans (Ellis & Everh.) H.W. Anderson] (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Phomopsis orchidophila E.K. Cash & A.M.J. Watson
Endophytic in roots of Bromeliaceae, Camaridium neglectum (Schltr.) M.A. Blanco, Campylocentrum
micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe, Dichaea acroblephara Schltr., Epidendrum octomerioides Schltr.,
Nidema boothii (Lindl.) Schltr., Piperaceae, Polypodiaceae and Stelis argentata Lindl. (as
Phomopsis cf. orchidophila E.K. Cash & A.M.J. Watson) (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Phomopsis oryzae-sativae Punith.
On stem of Oryza sativa L. (as Ascochyta oryzae Catt.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis ricini Grove
On stems of Ricinus communis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis rubiseda Fairm.
On leaves and stems of Rubus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Harter
On fruits of Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc.
On leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phragmopeltis blechni Syd.
On living and descomponing leaves of Blechnum sp. (Sydow 1927).
Phragmopeltis callista Syd.
On leaves of Ocotea insularis (Meisn.) Mez (Sydow 1927).
Phragmopeltis phoebe Syd.
On Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Phyllosticta apii Halst.
On leaves of Apium graveolens L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta batatas (Thüm.) Sacc.
On leaves of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta begoniae Brunaud
On leaves of Begonia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
30 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Phyllosticta begoniicola F. Stevens & Baechler
On Begonia sp. (Stevens 1927).
Phyllosticta bixina E. Young
On leaves of Bixa orellana L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta cajani Rangel
On leaves and pods of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn.
On capsules and leaves of Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews, on Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp.,
Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp., Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp.,
Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp. as Phyllostictina pyriformis E.K. Cash &
A.M.J. Watson (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta chelonanthi F. Stevens
On Chelonanthus alatus Standl. (Stevens 1927).
Phyllosticta chrysanthemi Ellis & Dearn.
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) Aa
On leaves of Citrus sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta coffeicola Speg.
On cultivated coffee (Stevens 1927).
Phyllosticta concentrica Sacc.
On leaves of Hedera helix L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta fragariicola Roberge ex Desm.
On leaves of Fragaria sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta gladioli Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Gladiolus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta gossypina Ellis & G. Martin
On leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta hibiscina Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta manihoticola Syd. & P. Syd.
On leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta marantaceae Henn.
On leaves of Maranta leuconeura E. Morren (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) Aa
On fruits and leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta nicotianae Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta oncidii-sphacelati (Tassi) Allesch.
On Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp., Odontoglossum
spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp. (as Phoma oncidiisphacelati Tassi) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta oryzina Padwick
On leaves of Oryza sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta petroselini Rothers
On leaves of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta petuniae Speg.
On leaves of Petunia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta phaseolina Sacc.
On leaves of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and leaves and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
31
Phyllosticta rosae Desm.
On leaves of Rosa spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta solani Ellis & G. Martin
On leaves of Solanum melongena L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta statices Petr.
On leaves of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Phyllosticta zingiberis F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan
On leaves of Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pithomyces cupaniae (Syd.) M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. (as Dicoccum cupaniae Syd.) (Sydow 1927).
Piricauda longispora Mercado
On dead petioles of an unidentified tree palm (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Plectopeltis egenula Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Plenotrichum mirabile Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Pleospora bjoerlingii Byford
On leaves and roots of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (as Phoma betae A.B. Frank), on
leaves of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (as Phyllosticta spinaciae H. Zimm.) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
*Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi B. Sutton
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/48-1).
*Pleurotheciopsis sylvestris R.F. Castañeda & Iturr.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/25-1).
*Pleurothecium recurvatum (Morgan) Höhn.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on dead wood, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/57-2).
Podosphaera fuliginea (Schltdl.) U. Braun & S. Takam.
On leaves and stems of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (as Oidium erysiphoides Fr.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (as Oidium farinosum Cooke) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Polycephalomyces tomentosus (Schrad.) Seifert
On Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M.L. Farr (as Stilbella tomentosa (Schrad.) Bres.) (Morris 1972).
Poroisariopsis armillata (S.C. Jong & E.F. Morris) M. Morelet
On dead woody branches (as Phaeoisariopsis armillata S.C. Jong & E.F. Morris) (Morris 1972).
Proxipyricularia zingiberis (Y. Nisik.) Klaubauf
On leaves of Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (as Pyricularia zingiberis Y. Nisik.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora abelmoschi (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton
On leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (as Cercospora abelmoschi Ellis & Everh.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora bixae (Allesch. & F. Noack) Crous
On leaves of Bixa orellana L. (as Cercospora bixae Allesch. & F. Noack) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora dendrobii Goh & W.H. Hsieh
On Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp., Odontoglossum
spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp. (Villalobos & al.
2009).
32 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Pseudocercospora fici (Heald & F.A. Wolf) X.J. Liu & Y.L. Guo
On leaves of Ficus spp. and F. carica L. (as Cercospora fici Heald & F. A. Wolf) (Villalobos & al.
2009).
Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton
On Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora fuligena (Roldan) Deighton
On leaves of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun
On leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (as Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris) (Araya & Hernández
2006); on leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora mali (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. and Pyrus communis L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora modesta (Syd.) Deighton
On leaves of Solanum sp. (as Cercospora modesta Syd.) (Sydow 1927).
Pseudocercospora odontoglossi (Prill. & Delacr.) U. Braun
On leaves of Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp.,
Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp. (as
Cercospora odontoglossi Prill. & Delacr.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora piperis (Pat.) Deighton
On leaves of Piper amplum Kunth (as Cercospora piperis Pat.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora psidii (Rangel) R.F. Castañeda & U. Braun
On leaves of Psidium guajava L. (as Cercospora psidii Rangel) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora purpurea (Cooke) Deighton
On leaves of Persea americana Mill. (as Cercospora purpurea Cooke) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora ranjita (S. Chowdhury) Deighton
On leaves of Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. and Tectona grandis L. f. (as Cercospora ranjita S.
Chowdhury) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora sesami (Hansf.) Deighton
On leaves of Sesamum indicum L. (as Cylindrosporium sesami Hansf.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudocercospora vitis (Lév.) Speg.
On leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (as Cercospora vitis Sacc.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudoepicoccum tectonae J.K. Sharma
On leaves of Tectona grandis L. f. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pseudopithomyces chartarum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) J.F. Li, Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde
On indeterminate dead leaves [as Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.B. Ellis] (Rambelli
& Ciccarone 2008).
Pseudopithomyces maydicus (Sacc.) J.F. Li, Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde
Endophytic in roots of Araceae, Cyclanthaceae, Epidendrum difforme Jacq., E. stangeanum Rchb. f.,
Pleurothallis guanacastensis (Ames & C. Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, P. uncinata Fawc.
and Stelis sp. [as Pithomyces maydicus (Sacc.) M.B. Ellis] (Richardson & Currah 1995); on
indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Pseudospiropes costaricensis (E.F. Morris) de Hoog & Arx
On the dead tree (as Pleurophragmium costaricensis E.F. Morris) Morris 1972).
Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil and from virgen forest soil (as Penicillium lilacinum Thom) (Goos
1960).
Purpureocillium takamizusanense (Kobayasi) S. Ban
On dead insect (as Isaria takamizusanensis Kobayasi) (Morris 1972).
Pyrenochaeta rubi-idaei Cavara
Endophytic in roots of Pleurothallis sp. (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
33
Pyrenopeziza brassicae B. Sutton & Rawl.
On leaves of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC. and Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck as Cylindrosporium concentricum
Grev.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pyricularia grisea Sacc.
On ears, grains and leaves of Oryza sativa L., on ears and leaves of Zea mays L. and on fruits of Musa
acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Pyricularia oryzae Cavara
On leaf, culm, and panicule lesion of rice and other gramineous host (Laterrel & al. 1960).
Radulidium subulatum (de Hoog) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous
Endophytic in roots of Pleurothallis sp. (as Ramichloridium subulatum de Hoog) (Richardson & Currah
1995); on dead leaves of Maxillaria sp. (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Raffaelea scolytodis M. Kolařík
On adult of Scolytodes unipunctatus Wood & Bright in sapwood of Cecropia angustifolia Trec. (Kolarik
& Hulcr 2009).
Ramichloridium musae (Stahel ex M.B. Ellis) de Hoog
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Ramularia grevilleana (Oudem.) Jørst.
On leaves of Fragaria sp. (as Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ramularia necator Massee
On leaves of Cocos nucifera L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ramularia taraxaci P. Karst.
On Taraxacum sp. (Stevens 1927).
Ramulispora sorghi (Ellis & Everh.) L.S. Olive & Lefebvre
On leaves of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Repetophragma cambrense (M.B. Ellis) McKenzie
On dead twigs as Sporidesmium cambrense M.B. Ellis (Morris 1972); on indeterminate dead leaves
(Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
*Repetophragma filiferum (Piroz.) R. F. Castañeda
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed twig, Tapantí, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/58-1).
Rhinocladiella cristaspora Matsush.
On litter primary forest [as Ardhachandra cristaspora (Matsush.) Subram. & Sudha] (Bills & Polishook
1994a).
Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
On stems of Coffea arabica L. (Bianchini 1955); on roots of Alnus acuminata Kunth (Bermúdez &
Carranza 1990).
Rosellinia pepo Pat.
On roots of Rosa sp. (Bermúdez & Carranza-Morse 1992).
Sarcinella milleriae Syd.
On leaves of Milleria quinqueflora L. (Sydow 1927).
*Sarcopodium vanillae (Petch) B. Sutton
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on living vanilla leaves, San José, Province, O. Castro, 22 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT
C12/38).
Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw.
On leaves of Oryza sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sarocladium terricola (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Giraldo, Gené & Guarro
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. [as Acremonium terricola (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster)
W. Gams] (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Sclerotium coffeicola Stahel
On leaves of Coffea arabica L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
34 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Scolecobasidium constrictum E.V. Abbott
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Scolecobasidium tropicum Matsush.
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Scolecostigmina mangiferae (Koord.) U. Braun & Mouch.
On leaves of Mangifera indica L. (as Cercospora mangiferae Koord.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Scytalidium lignicola Pesante
Endophytic in roots of Polypodiaceae (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Selenosporella curvispora G. Arnaud ex MacGarvie
On decayed leaves (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Septoria anthurii Kotthoff
On leaves of Anthurium spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria apiicola Speg.
On leaves of Apium graveolens L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria bataticola Taubenh.
On leaves of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria betae Westend.
On leaves of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria cavendishiae F. Stevens
On Cavendishia sp. (Stevens 1927).
Septoria chrysanthemella Sacc.
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria cucurbitacearum Sacc.
On leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L. and
Cucurbita pepo L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria dianthi Desm.
On leaves of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria erigerontis Peck
On Erigeron sp. (Stevens 1927).
Septoria expansa Niessl
On leaves of Pelargonium spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria fragariae Desm.
On leaves of Fragaria sp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria gossypina Cooke
On leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria lactucae Pass.
On leaves of Lactuca sativa L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria passiflorae Syd.
On leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria pisi Berk.
On leaves of Pisum sativum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria selenophomoides E.K. Cash & A.M.J. Watson
On leaves of Angraecoides spp., Cattleya spp., Cymbidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Miltonia spp.,
Odontoglossum spp., Oncidium spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. and Vanda spp.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Septoria yuccae Thüm.
On leaves of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Setophoma terrestris (H.N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley
On roots of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. [as Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H.N. Hansen)
Gorenz, J.C. Walker & Larson] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
35
Solheimia costispora E.F. Morris
Isolated from mixed leaf litter of primary forest from decomposing leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f.
(Bills & al. 1994, Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Sphaceloma anacardii Wani & Thirum.
On Anacardium occidentale L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaceloma arachidis Bitanc. & Jenkins
On leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaceloma perseae Jenkins
On fruits of Persea americana Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaceloma poinsettiae Jenkins & Ruehle
On leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaceloma psidii Bitanc. & Jenkins
On fruits of Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and on leaves of P. guajava L. (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) B. Sutton
On Puccinia sp. and Zea mays L. [as Darluca filum (Biv.) Castagne] (Stevens 1927).
Sphaeropsis begoniicola Ellis & Everh.
On leaves of Begonia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaeropsis tumefaciens Hedges
On branches and stems of Citrus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaerostilbella penicillioides (Corda) Rossman
Isolated from soil (as Gliocladium penicillioides Corda) (Farrow 1954); endophytic in roots of
Epidendrum schlechterianum Ames (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Sphaerulina oryzina Hara
On leaves of Oryza sativa L. (as Cercospora oryzae I. Miyake) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Sphaerulina westendorpii (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvl. & Crous
On leaves of Rubus spp. (as Septoria rubi Westend.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Spilodochium vernoniae Syd.
On leaves of Vernonia canescens Kunth (Sydow 1927).
Spiropes melanoplaca (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.B. Ellis
Lower Montane rainforest above Palmar Norte. (New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium
2018).
*Sporidesmiella hyalosperma (Corda) P. M. Kirk
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed leaves, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero,
V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/31).
Sporidesmium deightonii M.B. Ellis
On woody branches (Morris 1972).
Sporidesmium uvariicola M.B. Ellis
On woody branches (Morris 1972).
Sporoschisma nigroseptatum D. Rao & P.Rag. Rao
On woody branches (Morris 1972).
Sporothrix schenckii Hektoen & C.F. Perkins
Clinical humans isolates (Ishizaki & al. 1996).
Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes
On Periconia atra Corda and on dead petioles of Hibiscus sp. (Morris 1972).
Stachybotrys cylindrospora C.N. Jensen
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Stachybotrys echinata (Rivolta) G. Sm.
On dead leaves of Carludovica sp. and on dead stem of bamboo [as Memnoniella echinata (Rivolta)
Galloway] (Morris 1972).
36 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Stachybotrys nephrospora Hansf.
On decayed leaves of Cecropia peltata L. (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Stachylidium bicolor Link
On dead leaves of Hibiscus sp. (Morris 1972).
Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi (F. Stevens) Crous
On leaves of Chrysanthemum Ramat. (as Ascochyta chrysanthemi F. Stevens) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stagonosporopsis crystalliniformis (Loer., R. Navarro, M. Lôbo & Turkenst.) Aveskamp, Gruyter &
Verkley
On leaves of Solanum tuberosum L. (as Phoma andina Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley
On leaves and stems of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (as Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Sacc.) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Staphylotrichum coccosporum J.A. Mey. & Nicot
Isolated from virgin forest soil (Goos 1960).
Stemphylium bolickii Sobers & C.P. Seym.
On leaves of Kalanchoe spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
Isolated from soil sample (Farrow 1954); on bulbs and leaves of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L., A.
sativum L., on leaves of Asparagus spp., A. officinalis L., Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.,
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.; Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Brassica oleracea var.
italica Plenck, Gladiolus spp., Impatiens spp., Lactuca sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L., on seeds
of Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L., on stems of Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena
L. and Petunia spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stemphylium congestum G.A. Newton
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stemphylium cucurbitacearum Osner
On leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus, Cucurbita
pepo L. and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamam.
On flowers and leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and Dianthus caryophyllus L. (as
Stemphylium floridanum C.I. Hannon & G.F. Weber), and on leaves of Solanum lycopersicum L.
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stemphylium solani G.F. Weber
On fruits and leaves of Capsicum annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. melongena L. (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Stemphylium sphaericum Sacc.
On dead branches [as Hermatomyces sphaericus (Sacc.) S. Hughes] (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) B. Sutton
On cobs and leaves of Zea mays L. [as Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Sacc.] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Prunus spp. and P. persica (L.) Stokes [as Coryneum carpophilum (Lév.) Jauch]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stigmopeltella costaricana Syd.
On leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. and Roupala montana Aubl. (Sydow 1927).
Stigmopeltis phoebe Syd.
On leaves of Cinnamomum costaricanum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm. (Sydow 1927).
Stigmopeltis roupalae Syd.
On leaves of Roupala montana Aubl. (Sydow 1927).
Stilbella aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Seifert
Endophytic in roots of Bromeliaceae (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
37
Stilbella minutissima (Speg.) Seifert
On dead leaf of Agave sp. (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Stilbella proliferans F. Stevens
On Theobroma cacao L. (Stevens 1927); on dead branches of Hibiscus sp. (Morris 1972).
Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) Whetzel
On bulbs and roots of Allium cepa L., A. obliquum L. and A. sativum L. (as Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Stromatographium stromaticum (Berk.) Höhn.
On wood (Morris 1972).
Strossmayeria bakeriana (Henn.) Iturr.
On dead wood (as Pseudospiropes simplex (Kunze) M.B. Ellis) (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Subulispora spinosa Rambelli & C. Ciccar.
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Talaromyces calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, N. Yilmaz & Frisvad
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Talaromyces diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, N. Yilmaz & Frisvad
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (as Penicillium diversum Raper & Fennell) (CastroChinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Talaromyces funiculosus (Thom) Samson
Isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (as Penicillium funiculosum Thom) (Goos 1960); on bulbs of
Gladiolus spp. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Talaromyces purpureogenus Samson, N. Yilmaz, Houbraken, Spierenb., Seifert, Peterson, Varga &
Frisvad
On peduncles of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (as Penicillium purpureogenum Stoll) (CastroChinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Teretispora leucanthemi (Nelen) E.G. Simmons
On leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (as Alternaria chrysanthemi Crosier & Heit.)
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Tetracoccosporium paxianum Szabó
On indeterminate dead leaves (Rambelli & Ciccarone 2008).
Tetraploa aristata Berk. & Broome
On cane stems (Morris 1972).
Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris
On roots of Arachis hypogaea L., Cordyline spp., Dracaena spp., Ficus spp., F. carica L., Gossypium
hirsutum L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Pelargonium spp., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L.,
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br., Ricinus communis L., Solanum lycopersicum and Vicia faba
L., on roots and stems of Begonia spp., Cereus spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch and
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and stems of Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Ticogloea guttulata G. Weber
On roots of Ticodendron incognitum Gomez-Laur. & L.D. Gomez (Weber & al. 1994).
Ticosynnema carranzae R.F. Castañeda, Granados & Mardones
On twig of an unidentified plant (Castañeda-Ruiz & al. 2012).
Titaea maxilliformis Rostr.
Endophytic in roots of Epidendrum difforme Jacq., E. schlechterianum Ames and Nidema boothii
(Lindl.) Schltr. (as Tetracladium maxilliforme (Rostr.) Ingold) (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Trichocladium macrosporum P.M. Kirk
On rotten wood (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Trichoconiella padwickii (Ganguly) B.L. Jain
On grains and leaves of Oryza sativa L. [as Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) M.B. Ellis] (Villalobos &
al. 2009).
38 …
Granados-Montero, Minter, Castañeda-Ruíz
Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
On roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Trichoderma koningii Oudem.
Isolated from soil (Farrow 1954).
Trichoderma viride Pers.
Isolated from soil as Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz (Farrow 1954); isolated from banana
rhizosphere soil and from virgin forest soil (Goos 1960); on bulbs of Allium sativum L., on fruits of
Citrus spp., on seeds of Arachis hypogaea L. and Zea mays L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Trichodochium disseminatum Syd.
On Myrsine pellucidopunctata Oerst. (Sydow 1927).
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (C.P. Robin) Sabour.
On humans with dermatophytosis (Montero-Gei & Perera 1992); on humans with onychomycosis
(Salas-Campos & Gross-Martínez 2012).
Trichophyton rubrum (Castell.) Sabour.
On humans with dermatophytosis (Montero-Gei & Perera 1992); on humans with onychomycosis
(Salas-Campos & al. 2009).
Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten
On humans with onychomycosis (Salas-Campos & Gross-Martínez 2012).
Trichothecium crotocinigenum (Schol-Schwarz) Summerb.
On leaves of Aglonema sp., Araceae, Dieffenbachia spp., Philodendron spp. and Syngonium spp. [as
Acremonium crotocinigenum (Schol-Schwarz) W. Gams] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link
On roots of Cucurbita pepo L. and seeds of Apium graveolens L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Trimmatostroma cordae N.D. Sharma & S.R. Singh
On dead wood of undetermined tree (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Triposporium cambrense S. Hughes
On woody branch (Morris 1972).
Tuberculina costaricana Syd.
On leaves of Peteravenia schultzii (Schnittsp.) R.M. King & H. Rob. and Salvia tiliifolia Vahl and
parasitic on uredosoris of Puccinia hodgsoniana F. Kern (Sydow 1927).
Tubercularia lateritia (Berk.) Seifert
On balsa fruit, on woody branches and on bark of Citrus sp. [as Stilbella cinnabarina (Mont.) Wollenw.]
(Morris 1972).
Ulocladium cucurbitae (Letendre & Roum.) E.G. Simmons
On leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L., Cucurbita
pepo L. and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. [as Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. Elliott]
(Villalobos & al. 2009).
Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher
On leaves of Prunus spp. and P. persica (L.) Stokes (as Cladosporium carpophilum Thüm.) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter
On leaves of Malus sylvestris Mill. (as Spilocaea pomi Fr.) (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Veronaea musae M.B. Ellis
On leaves of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla (as Chloridium musae Stahel) (Villalobos
& al. 2009).
Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold
Endophytic in roots of Bromeliacceae (Richardson & Currah 1995); on roots of Citrullus lanatus
(Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai, Cucumis melo L., C. sativus L. Cucurbita pepo L. and Elettaria
cardamomum (L.) Maton, on tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Viridispora alata (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman
Endophytic in roots of Dichaea acroblephara Schltr., Stelis sp. and Trichosalpinx blaisdellii (S. Watson)
Luer. (as Penicillifer bipapillatus Samuels) (Richardson & Currah 1995).
Costa Rican asexual fungi …
39
Virgatospora echinofibrosa Finley
On bamboo (Morris 1972) and from living twigs of Inga goldmanii Pittier (Bills & al. 1994).
Volutella uredinophila Syd.
On leaves of Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby and pararasitic in soris of Uredo ramonensis
Syd. (as ‘Uredinis ramonensis’) (Sydow 1927).
Volutellonectria consors (Ellis & Everh.) J. Luo
On leaves of Heliconia mariae Hook. f. (as Volutella minima Höhn.) (Bills & Polishook 1994b).
Vrikshopama swetasakha D. Rao & P.Rag. Rao
On wood (Morris 1972).
*Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Tassi) P.M. Kirk
SPECIMEN EXAMINED–on decayed leaf, Río Macho, Orosi, Cartago Province, M. Granados-Montero, V.
Vargas, G. Arroyo & I. Castro, 12 Jul. 2012 (INIFAT C12/45).
Xenosporium berkeleyi (M.A. Curtis) Piroz.
On stems of Erythrina sp. (Goos 1990); on a dead herbaceous stems (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev.
On peduncles of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Castro-Chinchilla & Umaña-Rojas 2015).
Zasmidium citri (Whiteside) Crous
On leaves of Citrus spp. (as Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside) (Hidalgo & al. 1998).
Zasmidium citrigriseum (F.E. Fisher) U. Braun & Crous
On leaves of Citrus spp. [as Stenella citrigrisea (F.E. Fisher) Sivan.] (Villalobos & al. 2009).
Zygosporium echinosporum Bunting & E.W. Mason
On dead fallen leaves (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997a).
Zygosporium oscheoides Mont.
On dead leaves of Musa sp. and on dead petiole of an unknown palm tree (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1997b).
Acknowledgments
The authors express their sincere gratitude to Josiane S. Monteiro, Jian Ma and Gregorio Delgado for
their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are deeply grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica,
and RFCR is thankful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and the International Society for Fungal
Conservation for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Dr. K. Bensch
through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun
Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.
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