Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae

Milan C . Samarakoon

O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de recém-nascidos prematuros internados em uma unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa, delineamento transversal e caráter descritivo que foi realizada a partir da análise documental, que avaliou 155 prontuários de Recém-Nascido Prematuro (RNPT), internados entre 01 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2017 em uma UTIN. Os dados foram digitados e armazenados em uma planilha de Excel e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizou-se o Software SPSS versão 20.0. A faixa etária mais prevalente das genitoras estava compreendida no intervalo de 20 a 34 anos (67,1%). Quanto as complicações evidenciadas durante a gestação atual, as intercorrências mais frequentes foram infecção do trato urinário (46,5%) e hipertensão (45,8%). A média de peso ao nascer encontrada foi de 1744,1g. No que se refere ao tempo de internação, constatou-se que a média de...

This chapter examines the complexities of creating a collaborative community in online classes. A fully online Master’s of Education program is studied, with students being surveyed regarding their experiences with collaboration in the online courses. Results of the study are discussed, along with recommendations for establishing a sense of community in the online environment. Recommendations include structuring introductory activities for the instructor and students, providing opportunities for authentic collaboration and communication through tools such as blogs and wikis, and guidelines for establishing effective group projects in an online class. Suggestions for future research are also included. Overall, a case is made for the importance of creating meaningful collaborative experiences for students within the context of class content in online courses.

In this note, we would like to point out that the uniform Poisson–Ailamujia introduced by Aljohani et al. is a reparametrized geometric distribution.

Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe1,2,3,4 • Chayanard Phukhamsakda2,4 • Kevin D. Hyde1,2,3,4 • Rajesh Jeewon5 • Hyang Burm Lee6 • E. B. Gareth Jones7 • Saowaluck Tibpromma1,2,3,4 • Danushka S. Tennakoon1,2,3,4,17 • Asha J. Dissanayake2,8 • Subashini C. Jayasiri2,4 • Yusufjon Gafforov9,18 • Erio Camporesi10,11,12 • Timur S. Bulgakov13 • Anusha H. Ekanayake1,2,3,4 • Rekhani Hansika Perera2,4 • Milan C. Samarakoon2,4,14 Ishani D. Goonasekara1,2,3,4 • Ausana Mapook1,2,3,4 • Wen-Jing Li1,2,3,4 • Indunil C. Senanayake2,4 • Junfu Li1,2,3,4 • Chada Norphanphoun2,4,15 • Mingkwan Doilom1,2,3,4 • Ali H Bahkali16 • Jianchu Xu1,3 • Peter E. Mortimer1 • Leif Tibell19 • Sanja Tibell19 • Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3 • Received: 2 December 2017 / Accepted: 27 January 2018 / Published online: 13 March 2018 Ó School of Science 2018 Abstract This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa (Rosaceae) and a few other hosts. Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study, including 17 new genera, 93 new species, four combinations, a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species. Bhatiellae, Cycasicola, Dactylidina, Embarria, Hawksworthiana, Italica, Melanocucurbitaria, Melanodiplodia, Monoseptella, Uzbekistanica, Neoconiothyrium, Neopaucispora, Pararoussoella, Paraxylaria, Marjia, Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera. We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis, Alternaria doliconidium, A. hampshirensis, Angustimassarina rosarum, Astragalicola vasilyevae, Backusella locustae, Bartalinia rosicola, Bhatiellae rosae, Broomella rosae, Castanediella camelliae, Coelodictyosporium rosarum, Comoclathris rosae, C. rosarum, Comoclathris rosigena, Coniochaeta baysunika, C. rosae, Cycasicola goaensis, Dactylidina shoemakeri, Dematiopleospora donetzica, D. rosicola, D. salsolae, Diaporthe rosae, D. rosicola, Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae, Epicoccum rosae, Hawksworthiana clematidicola, H. lonicerae, Italica achilleae, Keissleriella phragmiticola, K. rosacearum, K. rosae, K. rosarum, Lophiostoma rosae, Marjia tianschanica, M. uzbekistanica, Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica, Melanodiplodia tianschanica, Monoseptella rosae, Mucor fluvius, Muriformistrickeria rosae, Murilentithecium rosae, Neoascochyta rosicola, Neoconiothyrium rosae, Neopaucispora rosaecae, Neosetophoma rosarum, N. rosae, N. rosigena, Neostagonospora artemisiae, Ophiobolus artemisiicola, Paraconiothyrium rosae, Paraphaeosphaeria rosae, P. rosicola, Pararoussoella rosarum, Parathyridaria rosae, Paraxylaria rosacearum, Penicillium acidum, P. aquaticum, Phragmocamarosporium rosae, Pleospora rosae, P. rosae-caninae, Poaceicola agrostina, P. arundinicola, P. rosae, Populocrescentia ammophilae, P. rosae, Pseudocamarosporium pteleae, P. ulmi-minoris, Pseudocercospora rosae, Pseudopithomyces rosae, Pseudostrickeria rosae, Sclerostagonospora lathyri, S. rosae, S. rosicola, Seimatosporium rosigenum, S. rosicola, Seiridium rosarum, Setoseptoria arundelensis, S. englandensis, S. lulworthcovensis, Sigarispora agrostidis, S. caryophyllacearum, S. junci, S. medicaginicola, S. rosicola, S. scrophulariae, S. thymi, Sporormurispora atraphaxidis, S. pruni, Suttonomyces rosae, Umbelopsis sinsidoensis, Uzbekistanica rosaehissaricae, U. yakutkhanika, Wojnowicia rosicola, Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. New host records are provided for Amandinea punctata, Angustimassarina quercicola, Diaporthe rhusicola, D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. rudis, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lecidella elaeochroma, Muriformistrickeria rubi, Neofusicoccum australe, Paraphaeosphaeria michotii, Pleurophoma pleurospora, Sigarispora caulium and Teichospora rubriostiolata. The new combinations are Dactylidina dactylidis (=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis), Embarria clematidis (=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis), Hawksworthiana alliariae (=Dematiopleospora alliariae) and Italica luzulae & Samantha C. Karunarathna samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com Extended author information available on the last page of the article 123 2 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 (=Dematiopleospora luzulae). This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on Rosa species and especially those on Rosa spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera, 45 new species, and nine new host records. We also collected taxa from Rosa stems and there was 31% (20/65) overlap with taxa found on stems with that on spines. Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the same host and location, it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of Rosa differ from those on stems. The study however, does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity. This may be because of their hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation. All data presented herein are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships. Keywords Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Eurotiomycetes Italy Lecanoromycetes Mucoromycetes Phylogeny Rosa Rosaceae Russia Sordariomycetes Taxonomy UK Uzbekistan Table of contents Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker, Quarterly Review of Biology 34: 220 (1959) Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 5 (1997) Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & Stalpers ex C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1045 (2007) Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1050 (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 16 (1918) 709. Diplodia seriata De Not., Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino Ser. 2, 7: 26 (1845) new host record 710. Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, Mycologia 97 (2): 524 (2005) new host record 711. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 25: 57 (1909) new host record 712. Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies in Mycology 55: 248 (2006) new host record 714. Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 17 (2018) sp. nov. Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1048 (2007) Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes: 67 (1987) Amorosiaceae Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 252 (2015) 715. Angustimassarina quercicola Thambugala, Jayasiri, R.K.Schumach. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74:199–266 (2015) new host record 716. Angustimassarina rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 21 (2018) sp. nov. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s KryptogamenFlora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 308 (1885) 717. Astragalicola vasilyevae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 25 (2018) sp. nov. Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycological Research 113 (4): 516 (2009) 718. Epicoccum rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 29 (2018) sp. nov. 719. Neoascochyta rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 29 (2018) sp. nov. Capnodiales Woron., Annales Mycologici 23: 177 (1925) Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau, Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 421 (1897) 713. Pseudocercospora rosae J.F. Li, A. Mapook & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 15 (2018) sp. nov. Dothideales Lindau, Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: 373 (1897) Dothideaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 446 (1826) 123 Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 15 (2): 128 (1953) 720. Paraconiothyrium rosae Senan., Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 31 (2018) sp. nov. 721. Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Arkiv før Botanik 6 (4–5): 405 (1967) new host record 722. Paraphaeosphaeria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 33 (2018) sp. nov. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 723. Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 33 (2018) sp. nov. 724. Pseudocamarosporium pteleae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 35 (2018) sp. nov. 725. Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 40 (2018) sp. nov. 726. Pseudopithomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 43 (2018) sp. nov. Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, Studies in Mycology 64: 93 (2009) 727. Keissleriella rosacearum Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 51 (2018) sp. nov. 728. Keissleriella rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 46 (2018) sp. nov. 729. Keissleriella rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 48 (2018) sp. nov. 730. Keissleriella phragmiticola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 43 (2018) sp. nov. 731. Murilentithecium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 51 (2018) sp. nov. 732. Phragmocamarosporium rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 53 (2018) sp. nov. 733. Pleurophoma pleurospora (Sacc.) Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 123: 117 (1914) new host record 734. Setoseptoria arundelensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 56 (2018) sp. nov. 735. Setoseptoria englandensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 57 (2018) sp. nov. 736. Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 57 (2018) sp. nov. Lophiostomataceae Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 672 (1883) 737. Coelodictyosporium rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 59 (2018) sp. nov. 738. Lophiostoma rosae Tennakoon, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 62 (2018) sp. nov. 739. Neopaucispora Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 65 (2018) gen. nov. 740. Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 65 (2018) sp. nov. 741. Sigarispora caryophyllacearum Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 67 (2018) sp. nov. 742. Sigarispora caulium (Fr.) Thambug., Wanas., Kaz. Tanaka & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 238 (2015) new host record 3 743. Sigarispora junci Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 69 (2018) sp. nov. 744. Sigarispora medicaginicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 69 (2018) sp. nov. 745. Sigarispora rosicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 74 (2018) sp. nov. 746. Sigarispora scrophulariae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 79 (2018) sp. nov. 747. Sigarispora thymi Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 80 (2018) sp. nov. Massarinaceae Munk, Friesia 5 (3–5): 305 (1956) 748. Suttonomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 82 (2018) sp. nov. Melanommataceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 220 (1885) 749. Marjia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 85 (2018) gen. nov. 750. Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 85 (2018) sp. nov. 751. Marjia uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 85 (2018) sp. nov. 752. Melanocucurbitaria Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 87 (2018) gen. nov. 753. Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 87 (2018) sp. nov. 754. Melanodiplodia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 92 (2018) gen. nov. 755. Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 92 (2018) sp. nov. 756. Monoseptella Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 94 (2018) gen. nov. 757. Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 94 (2017) sp. nov. 758. Muriformistrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 98 (2018) sp. nov. 759. Muriformistrickeria rubi Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 300 (2015) new host record 760. Pseudostrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 99 (2018) sp. nov. 761. Uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 100 (2018) gen. nov. 762. Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 100 (2018) sp. nov. 763. Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 102 (2018) sp. nov. 123 4 Paradictyoarthriniaceae Doilom, J.K. Liu & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 133 (2015) 764. Xenomassariosphaeria Jayasiri, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 103 (2018) gen. nov. 765. Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 104 (2018) sp. nov. Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr, Mycologia 71: 948 (1979) 766. Bhatiellae Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 107 (2018) gen. nov. 767. Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 107 (2018) sp. nov. 768. Dactylidina Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 107 (2018) gen. nov. 769. Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 109 (2018) comb. nov. 770. Dactylidina shoemakeri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 109 (2018) sp. nov. 771. Dematiopleospora donetzica Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 114 (2018) sp. nov. 772. Dematiopleospora rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 115 (2018) sp. nov. 773. Dematiopleospora salsolae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 115 (2018) sp. nov. 774. Embarria Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 119 (2018) gen. nov. 775. Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 119 (2018) comb. nov. 776. Hawksworthiana Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 121 (2018) gen. nov. 777. Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 121 (2018) comb. nov. 778. Hawksworthiana clematidicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 121 (2018) sp. nov. 779. Hawksworthiana lonicerae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 123 (2018) sp. nov. 780. Italica Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 123 (2018) gen. nov. 781. Italica achilleae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 125 (2018) sp. nov. 782. Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 126 (2018) comb. nov. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 783. Neosetophoma rosarum R.H. Perera, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 126 (2018) sp. nov. 784. Neosetophoma rosigena Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 129 (2018) sp. nov. 785. Neosetophoma rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 126 (2018) sp. nov. 786. Neostagonospora artemisiae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 130 (2018) sp. nov. 787. Ophiobolus artemisiicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 132 (2018) sp. nov. 788. Poaceicola arundinis W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6 (6): 698 (2015) sexual record. 789. Poaceicola arundinicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 135 (2018) sp. nov. 790. Poaceicola agrostina Mapook, Camporesi& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 132 (2018) sp. nov. 791. Poaceicola rosae Mapook, Camporesi& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 136 (2018) sp. nov. 792. Populocrescentia ammophilae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 139 (2018) sp. nov. 793. Populocrescentia rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 138 (2018) sp. nov. 794. Sclerostagonospora rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 143 (2018) sp. nov. 795. Sclerostagonospora lathyri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 141 (2018) sp. nov. 796. Sclerostagonospora rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 141 (2018) sp. nov. 797. Wojnowicia rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 144 (2018) sp. nov. Pleosporaceae Nitschke, Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl.: 74 (1869) 798. Alternaria doliconidium J.F. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 147 (2018) sp. nov. 799. Alternaria hampshirensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 147 (2018) sp. nov. 800. Comoclathris rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 149 (2018) sp. nov. 801. Comoclathris rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp. nov. 802. Comoclathris rosigena Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp. nov. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 5 803. Pleospora rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp. nov. 804. Pleospora rosae-caninae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) sp. nov. Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David ex Lutzoni Huhndorf & Lumbsch, Mycological Research 111 (5): 529 (2007) Caliciales Bessey, University of Nebraska Studies 7: 299 (1907) Sporormiaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 17 (1): 450 (1957) 805. Sporormurispora Wanas., Bulgakov, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) gen. nov. 806. Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) sp. nov. 807. Sporormurispora pruni Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 159 (2018) sp. nov. Caliciaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 314 (1826) 818. Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid new host record Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 82: 374 (2002) 808. Teichospora rubriostiolata Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Mycological Progress 15: 13 (2016) new host record Thyridariaceae Q. Tian & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 63 (1): 254 (2013) 809. Cycasicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 161 (2018) gen. nov. 810. Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) sp. nov. 811. Neoconiothyrium Wanas., Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) gen. nov. 812. Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) sp. nov. 813. Parathyridaria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 168 (2018) sp. nov. 814. Pararoussoella Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 169 (2018) gen. nov. 815. Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 171 (2018) sp. nov. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 6 (1997) Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni, Mycological Research 111 (5): 528 (2007) Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12 (1): 23 (1980) Trichocomaceae E. Fisch., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 310 (1897) 816. Penicillium aquaticum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 173 (2018) sp. nov. 817. Penicillium acidum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 173 (2018) sp. nov. Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 7 (1997) Lecanorales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 68 (1932) Lecanoraceae Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 104 (1855) 819. Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy new host record Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10 (1997) Subclass Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10 (1997) Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 53 (1932) Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm., American Journal of Botany 13: 638 (1926) 820. Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomycetes Germanici 2: 245 (1870) new host record 821. Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl., in Udayanga, Castlebury, Rossman & Hyde, Persoonia 32: 95 (2014) new host record 822. Diaporthe rhusicola Crous, Persoonia 26: 135 (2011) new host record 823. Diaporthe rosae Samarakoon & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 185 (2018) sp. nov. 824. Diaporthe rosicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 187 (2018) sp. nov. 825. Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, (Fr.) Nitschke, Pyrenomyc. Germ. 2: 282 (1870) new host record Subclass Xylariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 12 (1997) Amphisphaeriales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Systema Ascomycetum 5: 177 (1986) Sporocadaceae Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 5: 34 (1842) 826. Bartalinia rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 189 (2018) sp. nov. 123 6 827. Broomella rosae Wanas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 191 (2018) sp. nov. 828. Seiridium rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 199 (2018) sp. nov. 829. Seimatosporium rosicola Wanas., Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 193 (2018) sp. nov. 830. Seimatosporium rosigenum Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 193 (2018) sp. nov. Xylariales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 66 (1932) Coniocessiaceae Asgari & Zare, Mycological Progress 10 (2): 195 (2011) 831. Paraxylaria Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 200 (2018) gen. nov. 832. Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 202 (2018) sp. nov. Xylariales incertae sedis 833. Castanediella camelliae Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 205 (2018) sp. nov. Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. Fernández, Mycologia 96 (2): 378 (2004) Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain, Canadian Journal of Botany 49 (6): 878 (1971) 834. Coniochaeta baysunika Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 209 (2018) sp. nov. 835. Coniochaeta rosae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 209 (2018) sp. nov. Zygomycota Moreau, Encyclopédie Mycologique 23: 2035 (1954) Mucoromycotina Benny, Mycological Research 111 (5): 517 (2006) Mucoromycetes Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum, Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVII (2001) Mucorales Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 296 (1832) Backusellaceae 836. Backusella locustae Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee, & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 213 (2018) sp. nov. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj., Aliso 4: 415 (1959) 837. Absidia jindoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 217 (2018) sp. nov. Mucoraceae Dumort., Commentationes botanicae: 69, 81 (1822) 838. Mucor fluvius Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 220 (2018) sp. nov. Umbelopsidales Spatafora, Stajich & Bonito, Mycologia 108 (5): 1035 (2016) Umbelopsidaceae W. Gams & W. Mey., Mycological Research 107 (3): 348 (2003) 839. Umbelopsis sinsidoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 223 (2018) sp. nov. Introduction The generation of reference multi-loci phylogenies is needed to better facilitate fungal taxonomy, especially when describing novel taxa (e.g. Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012; Senanayake et al. 2015; Thambugala et al. 2017a; b; Dai et al. 2017; Konta et al. 2016; 2017; Li et al. 2015a; Dissanayake et al. 2017b; Norphanphoun et al. 2017). Over the last 10 years, our group have published many taxonomic studies with international experts to provide reliable data on fungal diversity estimates. All mycological studies emanating from this SE Asian region have so far largely been based upon polyphasic taxonomic approaches that incorporate available phenotypic and phylogenetic data into a consensus type of classification (e.g. Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012; Dissanayake et al. 2017b; Wanasinghe et al. 2017a). One of the major challenges encountered by mycologists is to provide a robust and updated fungal classification that facilitates taxonomic communication, as well as to assist in the identification of fungal taxa. To surmount this challenge, FDN-1, describing 110 fungal taxa, including one new family, ten new genera, and 76 new species (Liu et al. 2015) was published. Subsequently there have been more compilations where updated taxonomic amendments were proposed for a wide range of species classified within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Hyde et al. 2016; 2017; Li et al. 2016b; Tibpromma et al. 2017). This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity notes series, where 131 (93 sp. nov.) taxa accommodated in 28 families are described from mainly Rosaceae as well as other hosts. All data presented herein are based on morphological Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks. Rosaceae is one of the largest families of Angiosperms (flowering plants), which diverged about 101.6 MYA and currently includes more than 100 genera and about 3100 species (Hummer and Janick 2009; Phipps 2014; Xiang et al. 2016). The family distribution is diversified, but concentrated particularly in the Northern hemisphere and it is the third largest plant family in both world distribution and economic importance. The herbaceous species grow in temperate forests as understory plants, in salt or freshwater marshes, in arctic tundra, in old fields, and along roadsides. Woody members are prominent in the early stages of forest succession as pioneer species and rosaceous trees may also be minor components of mature mixed deciduous forests (Hummer and Janick 2009). Species of the Rosaceae include several economically and agriculturally popular fruit bearing important plants such as Cydonia (European quince), Fragaria (Strawberry), Malus (Apple), Prunus (Almond, Apricot, Cherry, Peach, Plum and others), Pyrus (Pear), Rubus (Blackberry) and they are also planted as ornamentals (e.g. Alchemilla, Amelanchier, Chaenomales, Cotoneaster, Exochorda, Kerria, Photinia, Physocarpus, Pyracantha, Spirea, Sorbus, Sorbaria), as medicinal (Crataegus, Potentilla, Sanguisorba) or used as timber (e.g. Prunus, Black cherry) (Hummer and Janick 2009). Rose species yield fruits and flowers that are of immense economic importance. The fruits, roses, cut roses and other products derived from the rose family support a wide variety of industries and farms. Among these various genera of Rosaceae, Rosa (subfamily Rosoideae), commonly known as roses, is an agriculturally significant genus, especially in ornamental horticulture, as well as medicinal herbs and perfume uses. Wild and ornamental rose species are distributed in both colder and temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere and from the Artic to the subtropics with about 200 species (Bruneau et al. 2007; Fougere-Danezan et al. 2015). There have been several studies where saprobes (Cannon 1996; Feige et al. 2001; Dissanayake et al. 2017b; Wanasinghe et al. 2017b), endophytes (Salgado-Salazar et al. 2008; Rovná et al. 2015), mycorrhizae (Bzdyk et al. 2016; El-Bashiti et al. 2017) or pathogens (Yan et al. 2015; Deng et al. 2017; Santos et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017), have been recorded or characterized from members of the Rosaceae. To date, there are more than 4000 records [* 1400 of Ascomycota and * 1300 of Basidiomycota (especially rust fungi)] of fungi on Rosa species documented in the U.S. National Fungus Collections Fungus- 7 Host Database (October, 2017), but very few of these taxa are presently known from cultures. Most of these published records lack illustrations and descriptions, or DNA sequence data and thus it is very difficult to confirm their names or investigate taxonomic relationships (Menon 1956; Mir et al. 2012; Debener and Byrne 2014; El-Bashiti et al. 2017). As many previous taxonomic studies have reported that more collections lead to discovery of more fungal species, we believe that Rosa might harbour many more fungal species, especially some taxa unknown to science (Afshan and Khalid 2014; Yang et al. 2015; Ali et al. 2017; Dissanayake et al. 2017a; Wanasinghe et al. 2017a). It is therefore necessary to collect more fungi from Rosa in different geographic regions, isolate them into culture, describe their morphology, analyse their DNA sequence and investigate their phylogenetic relationships to better identify and classify them. This study aims at providing a compilation of recently collected fungal taxa from Rosaceae in Europe and Asia based on morphological and phylogenetic characterisation. Materials and methods Specimens and isolates Fresh specimens, as necrotrophs, pathogens or saprobes were collected from China, England, India, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Wales, especially from wild and ornamental Rose species and various other host plants. Uzbekistan specimens were loaned from Tashkent Mycological Herbarium (TASM), Tashkent. The specimens were examined following the methods described in Wanasinghe et al. (2017a). Axenic strains were established from single spores by the method described in Chomnunti et al. (2014), with a modification of the incubation temperature at 16–25 °C overnight in the dark. Germinated ascospores and conidia were observed with a Motic SMZ 168 Stereo Zoom microscope and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA; 39 g/l distilled water, Difco potato dextrose) for extraction of DNA, determination of growth rates and observation of culture characteristics. Isolates listed as MFLUCC are those maintained in the collection of the Culture Collection of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Specimens have been deposited in the Mae Fah Luang University (MFLU) Herbarium, Chiang Rai, Thailand and Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany). Faces of Fungi and 123 8 Index Fungorum numbers are provided as outlined in Jayasiri et al. (2015) and Index Fungorum (2017). Morphological classification Digital images of the fruiting structures were captured with a Canon 450D digital camera fitted to a Nikon ECLIPSE 80i compound microscope. Squash mount preparations were prepared to determine micro-morphology, and free hand sections of fruiting bodies made to observe the shapes of ascomata/conidiomata and peridium structures. Measurements of morphological structures were taken from the widest part of each structure. The lengths and widths were measured using Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program and images used for figures were processed with Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended version 10.0 (Adobe Systems, USA). Three sets of duplicate cultures of each isolate were measured to determine colony characters on PDA at 16 °C in the dark. Colony size and colour was determined from Rayner (1970) and zonations of the mycelium were recorded after 3 weeks of incubation. New species establishment follows recommendations as outlined by Jeewon and Hyde (2016). DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing The DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing were conducted following the methods described in Wanasinghe et al. (2017a). When fungi failed to grow in culture, DNA was extracted directly from ascomycete fruiting bodies by following the protocol: 15–20 fruiting bodies ([ 500 lm diam., 10 fruitbodies) were removed from the host substrate using a sterilized needle and transferred to a drop of sterile water, placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube (1.5 mL) under aseptic conditions. DNA extracted then from the fruiting bodies using a DNA extraction kit (E.Z.N.A.Ò Forensic DNA kit, D3591-01, Omega Bio-Tek) following the instructions of the manufacturer. Phylogenetic analyses Sequences generated from different primers were analyzed with other sequences retrieved from GenBank. The related sequences were obtained from a BLAST search and from recently published data. The sequences were aligned in MAFFT v. 7 at the web server (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/align ment/server) (Kuraku et al. 2013; Katoh et al. 2017). The 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 alignment was edited where necessary with BioEdit v7.0.9 (Hall 1999). Phylogenetic analyses of both individual and combined aligned data were based on Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses. MP bootstrap analyses was performed with PAUP, with 1000 bootstrap replicates using 10 rounds of heuristic search replicates with random addition of sequences and subsequent TBR branch swapping (MULTREES option in effect, steepest descent option not in effect) during each bootstrap replicate, with each replicate limited to 1 million rearrangements. All characters were unordered and given equal weight; gaps were treated as missing data; the COLLAPSE command was set to minbrlen. Descriptive tree statistics for parsimony: Tree Length (TL), Consistency Index (CI), Retention Index (RI), Relative Consistency Index (RC) and Homoplasy Index (HI) were calculated for trees generated under different optimality criteria. The Kishino–Hasegawa tests (Kishino and Hasegawa 1989) were performed to determine whether trees were significantly different. The evolutionary models for Bayesian analysis and ML were selected independently for each locus using MrModeltest v. 2.3 (Nylander et al. 2008) under the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) implemented in PAUP v. 4.0b10. Bayesian analysis was performed in MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) to evaluate Posterior probabilities (PP) (Rannala and Yang 1996; Zhaxybayeva and Gogarten 2002) by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (BMCMC). Six simultaneous Markov chains were run for at least 1,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 100th generation. The distribution of log-likelihood scores was examined to determine the stationary phase for each search and to decide if extra runs were required to achieve convergence, using the program Tracer 1.5 (Rambaut and Drummond 2003). All sampled topologies beneath the asymptote (10%) were discarded as part of a burn-in procedure; the remaining trees were used for calculating posterior probabilities (PP) in the majority rule consensus tree. ML trees were generated using the RAxML-HPC2 on XSEDE (8.2.8) (Stamatakis 2006, 2014) in the CIPRES Science Gateway platform (Miller et al. 2010) using GTR ? I ? G model of evolution. The results of each phylogenetic analysis were given in their figure legend. Phylograms were visualized with FigTree v1.4.0 (Rambaut 2014) and annotated in Microsoft PowerPoint (2007) or Adobe IllustratorÒ CS5 (Version 15.0.0, AdobeÒ, San Jose, CA). Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 GenBank accession numbers for sequenced genes are given after material examined. Taxonomy Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker, Quarterly Review of Biology 34: 220 (1959) Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 5 (1997) Notes: Liu et al. (2017) provided an updated multi-locus phylogeny of the class Dothideomycetes with molecular dating evidence to unravel the evolutionary relationships and strengthen the ranking among taxa. In this paper, we follow the classifications in the studies of Hyde et al. (2013), Wijayawardene et al. (2014a) and Liu et al. (2017). The subclasses of Dothideomycetes and their families in each order are listed in alphabetical order. Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & Stalpers, Dictionary of the fungi: 165 (2001) Notes: The subclass Dothideomycetidae was introduced by Kirk et al. (2001) and later validated by Schoch et al. (2006). Currently the subclass comprises the order Capnodiales, Dothideales and Myriangiales are lack pseudoparaphyses and periphyses (Hyde et al. 2013). Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1050 (2007) Notes: The order Botryosphaeriales comprises seven families: Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae, Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae (Dissanayake et al. 2016; 2017a). Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 16 (1918) Notes: The family Botryosphaeriaceae comprises endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Currently, this family comprises 23 genera and 187 species (Dissanayake et al. 2016). Diplodia Fr., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 1: 302 (1834) Notes: The genus Diplodia comprises 26 species (Dissanayake et al. 2016). There are two distinct conidial morphologies in the genus Diplodia. In one type the conidia are initially hyaline and aseptate. Later they 9 become pale to dark brown and 1-septate. In the other type, the conidia become pigmented at an early stage of development, even while they are still enclosed within the pycnidia. These conidia only rarely become septate. These two morphological groups supported by two distinct phylogenetic lineages (Fig. 1). Diplodia seriata De Not., Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino Ser. 2, 7: 26 (1845) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03596; Fig. 2. Pathogenic or Saprobic on dead branch of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 220–265 lm high 9 260–380 lm diam. ( x = 245 9 340 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, solitary or clustered, immersed in the host, erumpent at maturity, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 25–35 lm wide, outer and inner layers composed of dark brown and thin-walled hyaline textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells 10–22 lm high 9 4–6 lm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, cylindrical, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia 21–27 9 11– 16 lm ( x = 24 9 13 lm, n = 50), globose to subglobose, with rounded apex, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown, wall moderately thick. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on WA within 12 h and germ tubes produced from both ends. Colonies growing on PDA, covering the entire plate in 5 days at 28 °C, mycelium grey to olivaceous black at the surface and olivaceous black from below. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Passo del Barbotto, Mercato Saraceno, on dead aerial branch and spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 29 November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2254 (MFLU 15-1311), living culture MFLUCC 17-0954. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828896, TEF: MG829266. Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of microfungi in Italy, an isolate (MFLUCC 17–0954) was recovered from Rosa spines in Forli-Cesena Province. This new isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Diplodia seriata (CBS 112555) in our combined ITS and TEF sequenced data analyses. This relationship is only supported in our ML analysis, whereas other analyses yielded no support. However, nucleotides of the ITS and TEF regions are identical and we therefore introduce MFLUCC 17-0954 as another strain for Diplodia seriata. Diplodia rosae, D. rosarum, D. spurca have also been reported from Rosa in Bulgaria, California, Cuba, Greece, Pakistan, Spain 123 10 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 113423 Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 109944 Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 118110 Diplodia intermedia CBS 124134 Diplodia sapinea CBS 393.84 Diplodia sapinea CBS 109725 Diplodia rosacearum Diplodia intermedia CBS 124462 76/74/1.00 Diplodia crataegicola MFLU 15-1311 73/62/0.99 Diplodia galiicola MFLU 15-1310 Diplodia seriata CBS 112555 99/--/-Diplodia seriata MFLUCC 17-0954 Diplodia alatafructa CBS 124933 97/97/1.00 Diplodia pseudoseriata CBS 124907 Diplodia insularis CBS 140350 99/100/1.00 Diplodia pseudoseriata CBS 124906 Diplodia alatafructa CBS 124931 100/99/1.00 Diplodia estuarina CMW 41230 Diplodia estuarina CMW 41231 100/99/1.00 Diplodia allocellula CBS 130410 Diplodia allocellula CBS 130408 100/100/1.00 Diplodia corticola CBS 112549 100/100/1.00 Diplodia corticola CBS 112546 Diplodia quercivora CBS 133852 98/71/0.98 Diplodia mutila CBS 230.30 Diplodia mutila CBS 112553 Diplodia neojuniperi CPC 22753 62/--/-Diplodia subglobosa CBS 124133 Diplodia agrifolia UCROK1429 100/100/1.00 Diplodia agrifolia CBS 132777 99/96/1.00 Diplodia olivarum CBS 121886 Diplodia olivarum CBS 121887 100/100/1.00 Diplodia rosulata CBS 116470 68/76/0.96 Diplodia rosulata CBS 116472 Diplodia fraxini CBS 136010 100/96/1.00 100/99/1.00 Diplodia africana CBS 120835 Diplodia africana CBS 121104 100/100/1.00 Diplodia malorum CBS 124130 Diplodia malorum CBS 112554 Diplodia cupressi CBS 168.87 100/100/1.00 Diplodia cupressi CBS 261.85 100/100/1.00 Diplodia bulgarica CBS 124135 Diplodia bulgarica CBS 124254 Diplodia tsugae CBS 418.64 Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 164.96 Lasiodiplodia (Outgroup) Diplodia 100/95/1.00 89/87/0.99 --/100/1.00 0.02 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 1 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Forty-five strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 872 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (CBS 164.96) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology from ML analysis was similar to BI and MP analyses. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 3172.641519 is presented. The matrix had 277 distinct alignment patterns, with 9.22% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.207927, C = 0.296999, G = 0.261938, T = 0.233136; substitution rates AC = 1.372702, AG = 4.139910, AT = 1.078375, CG = 1.771723, CT = 5.713156, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.694607. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 872 characters, which 677 were constant, 142 parsimony-informative and 53 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of 30 equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 346 steps (CI = 0.709, RI = 0.870, RC = 0.616, HI = 0.291) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue and Ukraine (Farr and Rossman 2017) although these records are not backed up with molecular data. This is the first record of Diplodia seriata on Rosa. Dothiorella Sacc., Michelia 2 (6): 5 (1880) Notes: This genus comprises more than 30 species (Dissanayake et al. 2017a). Sexual morphs and the asexual morphs have been reported within the genus. The number of species described in this genus has doubled since 2013 when Phillips et al. (2013) included twelve species names and 16 unnamed lineages. With this increase in the number of species the phylogenetic separation between Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia has become less distinct. Yang et al. (2017) treated these two genera as one (Fig. 3). Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, Mycologia 97 (2): 524 (2005) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03513; Fig. 4. Saprobic on branches of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph:: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. 11 Conidiomata 150–275 lm high 9 200–325 lm diam. ( x= 225 9 275 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary or aggregated, semi-immersed to immersed, dark brown to black, slightly depressed, globose to subglobose, unilocular, ostiolate central. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, composed of 3–5-layers of brown to black-walled cells of textura angularis. with outer 1–3-layers brown and inner 1–2-layers hyaline, thinwalled cells of textura angularis. Conidia 22–28 9 11– 13 lm ( x = 24 9 12, n = 20), subglobose to ellipsoidal, pale brown when young, becoming brown at maturity, smooth thick-walled, one median septate. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA, covering entire petri dishes after 12 d in the dark at 25 °C; circular, initially white, after 7 d becoming greyish brown to black; reverse grey to dark greyish green. Materials examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], near Strada San Zeno, Galeata, on dead aerial branch of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 17 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2179 (MFLU 17-0290), living culture MFLUCC 17-0951. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828897, TEF: MG829267. Notes: An isolate (MFLUCC 17–0951) was recovered from Rosa stems from Forli-Cesena Province. This new isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Dothiorella iberica (CBS 115045) in our combined ITS and TEF sequenced data analyses. This species has not been reported from the plant family Rosaceae and here we provide the first association of this species with Rosa. Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh., Botanical Gazette Crawfordsville 21: 92 (1896) Notes: The genus Lasiodiplodia comprises 31 species. Both sexual and asexual morph have been reported within the genus. Phillips et al. (2013) and Slippers et al. (2014) have shown that morphology is not a reliable character for species differentiation and species can only be recognized from combined ITS and tef1-a sequence data. Cruywagen et al. (2016) suggest that hybridization between Lasiodiplodia species is widespread and further suggest that some of the currently recognized species may in fact be 123 12 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 2 Diplodia seriata (MFLU 15-1311) a, b Conidiomata on host, c Cross section of the conidioma, d Immature and mature conidia with conidiogenous cells. e Immature conidia with conidiogenous cells. f Pale yellow conidia with conidiogenous cells. g Mature, dark brown conidia attached to conidiogenous cell. h, i Mature dark brown conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 150 lm, d = 50, e–j = 10 lm hybrids, e.g. L. viticola, L. missouriana, L. laeliocattletae and L. brasiliense (Fig. 5). Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 25: 57 (1909) Facesoffungi number: FoF 00167; Fig. 6. Saprobic on dead branch of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph:: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 120–175 lm high 9 80–125 lm diam. ( x= 145 9 110 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, solitary or aggregated, globose to subglobose. Peridium composed of brown thick-walled textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 7–16 9 3–5 lm ( x = 12 9 4.5 lm, n = 20) lining the pycnidial cavity, holoblastic, hyaline, subcylindrical, smooth-walled. Conidia 16–20 9 6–8 lm ( x = 18 9 7, n = 30) initially hyaline, becoming dark brown and 1-septate often while still attached to the conidiogenous cell, ovoid with a broadly rounded apex and truncate base, brown, 1-septate, slightly constricted at the septum. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA, covering entire petri dishes after 7 days in the dark at 25 °C; circular, initially white, after 7 d becoming greyish black; reverse grey to dark greyish green. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], near Strada San Zeno, Galeata, on dead aerial branch and spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 15 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2227 (MFLU 17-0298), living culture MFLUCC 17-0952. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828906, TEF: MG829268. Notes: A fungal isolate obtained from a spine of Rosa canina was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, with support from both morphology and phylogeny. This isolate clustered with the type isolate of L. theobromae (CBS 164.96), in the combined ITS and TEF phylogeny. Neofusicoccum Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies in Mycology 55: 247 (2006) Notes: Neofusicoccum is one of the species-rich genera in Botryosphaeriaceae and includes 44 taxon epithets listed Index Fungorum (2017). Most of them are phylogenetically closely related and morphologically similar cryptic species exhibiting similar growth and cultural appearance make species identification difficult (Lopes et al. 2016). Largely, species of Neofusicoccum have a ubiquitous occurrence in 13 almost all kind of woody plants (Fig. 7) in terrestrial habitats as saprobes or pathogens. Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies in Mycology 55: 248 (2006) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03960; Fig. 8. Holotype: MFLU 17-0628. Saprobic on Rosa spines. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, globose to subglobose, mostly with some hyphal outgrows, superficial on or immersed into host tissues, 100–150 9 110–150 lm ( x = 122.1 9 130.7 lm, n = 6). Ostiole single, papillate or apapillate. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, multi-layered, 12–20 lm thick, composed of isodiametric or sometimes irregular cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, 6–10 9 8–12 lm ( x = 10.8 9 8.3 lm, n = 20). Conidia broadly fusoid to cylindrical, incidentally slightly curved, smooth- and thinwalled, hyaline, uniseptate, 15–25 9 6–10 lm ( x = 21.63 9 7.72 lm, n = 30), with many minute guttules. Known distribution: On Rosa, UK. Material examined: UK, New Forest, Hampshire, Emory Down, on Rosa spines, 9 April 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ253A (MFLU 17-0628, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0772. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828923, TEF: MG829269, BTUB: MG843872. Notes: Neofusicoccum australe was initially recorded as native to Australia, but has since been recorded as widespread occurring on a broad range of hosts (Sakalidis et al. 2011; Phillips et al. 2013; Lopes et al. 2016). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report N. australe occurring on Rosa. We might see a different scenario with the usage of multiple sequence data using several combined genes in phylogenetic analyses as in complex genera (e.g. Colletotrichum) with better resolved species relationships. Therefore, it would be wise to conduct further infraspecific revisions on this group of isolates in future studies, in order to identify/diminish their complexity. Capnodiales Woron., Annales Mycologici 23: 177 (1925) Notes: See Chomnunti et al. (2011) and Hyde et al. (2013) for more details. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau, Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 421 (1897) Notes: Currently this is one of the largest ascomycetous families representing more than 10000 species names (Crous et al. 2009). They are commonly referred to as cercosporoid fungi and comprise dematiaceous, holoblastic asexual morphs and mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs 123 14 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Dothiorella mangifericola IRAN 1584C Dothiorella mangifericola IRAN 1545C Dothiorella rosulata CBS 121760 Dothiorella rosulata CBS 121761 97/63/0.95 Dothiorella citricola ICMP 16827 Dothiorella citricola ICMP 16828 100/99/1.00 Dothiorella yunnana CGMCC 3.18000 Dothiorella yunnana CGMCC 3.17999 7/634/0.96 Dothiorella plurivora IRAN 1557C Dothiorella plurivora IRAN 1537C Dothiorella viticola CBS 117006 Dothiorella alpina CGMCC 3.18001 98/60/-100/100/1.00 Dothiorella westralis DAR 80530 Dothiorella westralis DAR 80529 Dothiorella viticola CBS 117009 100/99/1.00 Dothiorella dulcispinae CBS 130413 99/99/1.00 Dothiorella oblonga CBS 121765 Dothiorella thailandica MFLUCC 11-0438 98/87/1.00 Dothiorella longicollis CBS 122066 99/99/1.00 Dothiorella longicollis CBS 122068 72/76/1.00 Dothiorella brevicollis CBS 130411 Dothiorella tectonae MFLUCC 12-0382 Dothiorella vinea gemmae DAR 81012 76/66/-- Dothiorella striata ICMP16824 96/100/1.00 Dothiorella striata ICMP16819 87/98/0.99 Dothiorella neclivorem DAR80992 Dothiorella uruguayensis CBS 124908 97/--.0.95 Dothiorella omnivora CBS 140349 79/69/0.99 Dothiorella omnivora CBS 188.87 90/81/1.00 Dothiorella vidmadera DAR 78993 Dothiorella vidmadera DAR 78992 98/93/1.00 Dothiorella sempervirentis IRAN 1583C Dothiorella sempervirentis IRAN 1581C Dothiorella parva IRAN 1585C Dothiorella parva IRAN 1579C Dothiorella prunicola IRAN 1541 Dothiorella californica CBS 141587 87/76/0.98 Dothiorella symphoricarposicola MFLUCC 13 0497 Dothiorella symphoricarposicola MFLUCC 13 0196 Dothiorella iberica CBS 115045 Dothiorella iberica MFLUCC 17-0951 Dothiorella americana CBS 128309 Dothiorella americana CBS 128310 Dothiorella sarmentorum CBS 115038 --/74/-- 85/72/0.99 Dothiorella sarmentorum IMI 63581b Dothiorella rhamni MFLUCC 14-0902 Dothiorella iranica IRAN 1587C 100/100/1.00 Dothiorella santali MUCC 509 96/89/1.00 Dothiorella santali MUCC 508 100/99/1.00 Dothiorella moneti MUCC 505 Dothiorella moneti MUCC 507 99/99/1.00 --/100/1.00 Dothiorella thripsita BRIP51876 100/100/1.00 Dothiorella pretoriensis CBS 130404 Dothiorella pretoriensis CBS 130403 100/100/1.00 Dothiorella capri amissi CBS 121763 Dothiorella capri amissi CMW 25404 70/--/1.00 100/100/1.00 Dothiorella casuarini CBS 120688 Dothiorella casuarini CBS 120690 Dothiorella acacicola CPC 26349 Dothiorella ulmacea CBS 138855 Neofusicoccum parvum CMW 9081 Neofusicoccum (Outgroup) Dothiorella 95/62/0.97 70/61/-98/--/0.95 85/83/1.00 0.03 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 3 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Sixty-one strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 735 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neofusicoccum parvum (CMW 9081) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 3974.696608 is presented. The matrix had 301 distinct alignment patterns, with 15.53% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.210525, C = 0.291772, G = 0.252456, T = 0.245247; substitution rates AC = 1.567860, AG = 2.490100, AT = 1.430414, CG = 1.553435, CT = 4.910075, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.565796. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 735 characters, which 504 were constant, 171 parsimony-informative and 60 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of a thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 577 steps (CI = 0.581, RI = 0.839, RC = 0.487, HI = 0.419) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue (Braun et al. 2016). See Crous et al. (2009) and Braun et al. (2014, 2015a, b, 2016) for more details (Fig. 9). Pseudocercospora Speg., Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires 20 (13): 438 (1910) Notes: Spegazzini (1910) introduced Pseudocercospora based on P. vitis (type species) which was recognized as a foliar pathogen of grapevines. Pseudocercospora is a diverse genus which can occur in arid as well as wet environments and in a wide range of climate including cool temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions (Crous et al. 2013). They are mostly reported as plant pathogenic fungi associated with leaf and fruit spots as well as blights on a wide range of plant hosts (Crous et al. 2013). Pseudocercospora rosae J.F. Li, A. Mapook & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554125; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03961; Fig. 10. Etymology: Name reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: HKAS100841. Pathogenic on leaves of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Mycelium superficial on the substrate, composed of septate, branched, smooth, thinwalled, grey to dark grey coloured hyphae. Conidiophores absent, closely packed on the base. Conidiogenous cells (3.2–)3.8–5.5 lm long 9 (2.5–)2.8–3.4 lm diam ( x = 4.7 lm 9 3.2 lm, n = 100), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrent, cylindrical, doliiform, hyaline, smooth, colourless, thin-walled. Conidia 75– 100 lm long 9 (8.5–)8.7–9.6(–10.2) lm diam. ( x = 90.2 lm9 9.3 lm, n = 100), acrogenous, holoblastic, 15 solitary, hyaline, ellipsoidal, clavate, multiseptate, dry, simple, straight, curved, fusiform, borne in chain, smoothwalled, thin-walled. Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 14 h and germ tubes produced from top cells. Colonies growing on PDA, hairy or cottony, grey to dark grey, reaching 5 mm in 20 days at 25 °C, mycelium superficial, effuse, radially striate, with regular edge, grey to dark grey coloured hyphae; Asexual spores and sexual spores were not formed within 60 days. Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai, on leaves of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 14 December 2013, Ausana Mapook (HKAS100841, holotype), living culture = MFLUCC 14-0408,KUMCC 17-0264. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828952, LSU: MG829063. Notes: Pseudocercospora species are mostly limited to single hosts (with a few exceptions), several species of a single host genus or with closely allied host genera (Braun et al. 2013). Farr and Rossman (2017) listed that Pseudocercospora species were recorded on Rosa centifolia, R. davurica, R. involucrate, R. multiflora and R. rugosa from China, Hong Kong, India and Korea. In this study we introduce the first record (Pseudocercospora rosae) of Pseudocercospora sp. on Rosa canina in Thailand. Pseudocercospora rosae is described herein as a new species and characterised with shorter conidiophores (up to 20) with non-stromata, subhyaline, fusiform, 1–3-septate conidia which differ with other Pseudocercospora species. Our phylogeny depicts that our new Pseudocercospora species is closely related to other unidentified species with moderate support (Fig. 9). Dothideales Lindau, Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: 373 (1897) Notes: We follow the classification of Thambugala et al. (2014) in the study. Dothideaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 446 (1826) Notes: The family Dothideaceae is a well-supported monophyletic family in the class Dothideomycetes (Liu et al. 2017). Dothideaceae was introduced by Chevallier (1826) as ‘Dothideae’, and later Fuckel (1869) established this family to accommodate the genus Dothidea as the type. Thambugala et al. (2014) has revisited this family and resolved some previous taxonomic issues. Neophaeocryptopus cytisi and Dothiora buxi were introduced in Dothideaceae as new species by Li et al. (2016a) and Hyde et al. (2016) respectively. In this study, we introduce Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae as a new species in Dothideaceae. Endoconidioma Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Mycologia 96 (5): 1129 (2004) 123 16 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 4 Dothiorella iberica (MFLU 17-0290). a Conidiomata on host. b Cross section of the conidiomata. c, d Immature and mature conidia with conidiogenous cells. e Immature pale-yellow conidia with conidiogenous cells. f Mature, dark brown conidia. g, h Mature dark brown conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–f = 30 lm, g, h = 20 lm Notes: Endoconidioma was introduced by Tsuneda et al. (2004) as a monotypic genus to accommodate E. populi which is a melanized taxon belonging to a group of fungi known as black meristematic fungi. These fungi have a yeast-like growth and have been identified as human, animal and plant pathogens (Mirzaei et al. 2015). Black meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to extreme environmental conditions i.e. ultraviolet radiation, temperature, moisture and they can grow on exposed habitats such as stone surfaces (Mirzaei et al. 2015). In this study, we introduce Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae as a 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 new species of Endoconidioma from fruits of Rosa hissarica Slobodov in Uzbekistan (Fig. 11). Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554126; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03962; Fig. 12. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the host species Rosa hissarica. Holotype: TASM 6106. Saprobic/pathogenic on fruits of Rosa hissarica. Sexual morph: Not reported. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 130–170 lm high, 130–180 lm diam ( x = 156.9 9 159.6 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial, unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 15– 25 lm wide, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer comprising 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 12–15 9 8–9 lm ( x = 13.6 9 8.3 lm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, aseptate, roughwalled, hyaline. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 20–25 mm diameter in 21 days, at 16 °C, surface dark brown to blackish-brown, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth margins; reverse dark brown. Known distribution: On fruits of Rosa hissarica Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on dead fruits of Rosa hissarica Slobodov, 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S43-4 (TASM 6106, holotype), 38°150 15.3900 N, 67°180 5.2600 E; MFLU 17-0156, isotype, ex-type living cultures, MFLUCC 17-0821. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828898, LSU: MG829008, SSU: MG829119. Notes: Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae constitutes a strongly supported independent lineage basal to Endoconidioma populi and Coniozyma leucospermi (Fig. 11). This sister relationship of Endoconidioma populi and Coniozyma leucospermi in our phylogenetic analyses is in accordance with Tsuneda et al. (2004, 2010) and Mirzaei et al. (2015). Coniozyma leucospermi differs from E. rosae-hissaricae in conidioma morphology, conidiogenesis and the absence of blastic conidia. Morphologically, Endoconidioma populi is also distinct from E. rosaehissaricae by its two-celled conidia, while E. rosaehissaricae has aseptate conidia. 17 Subclass Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1048 (2007) Notes: The subclass Pleosporomycetidae was introduced by Schoch et al. (2006) based on the presence of pseudoparaphyses as defined by Barr (1987) based on Luttrell (1955). Ascomata of Pleosporomycetidae are perithecioid, hysterothecioid or cleistothecioid, conchate or dolabrate, immersed, erumpent or superficial; globose, sphaeroid, turbinate, ovoid, obpyriform, conoid, doliiform, dimidiate. Hamathecium can be wide to narrow cellular or trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, deliquescing at maturity in some members. Asci of this suborder are bitunicate, usually basal, at times extending laterally, cylindric, clavate, oblong or saccate. Ascospores are variable in pigmentation, shape and septation, usually with bipolar asymmetry, but some symmetrical (Schoch et al. 2006). Currently Pleosporomycetidae includes Pleosporales, Mytilinidiales and Hysteriales (Liu et al. 2017) Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes: 67 (1987) Notes: Pleosporales was proposed by Luttrell (1955) to accommodate members of Dothideomycetes having perithecioid ascomata with pseudoparaphyses amongst the asci (Zhang et al. 2009a). The members of Pleosporales are highly diverse and they can be endophytes or epiphytes, parasitic, lichenicolous, saprobic in terrestrial or aquatic environments or even occur on animal dung (Zhang et al. 2009a). During the last six decades there have been a large number of studies introducing thousands of species of Pleoporales. Currently Pleosporales is the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families which are 20–100 Mya in stem versus crown age divergence time estimates (Liu et al. 2017). See Zhang et al. (2012) and Hyde et al. (2013) for more details. Amorosiaceae Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 252 (2015) Notes: We follow the classification of Hyde et al. (2017) in this study. Angustimassarina quercicola Thambugala, Jayasiri, R.K.Schumach. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74:199–266 (2015) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03963, Fig. 13 Saprobic on dead spine of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 226–262 lm high 9 324–338 lm diam. ( x = 244 9 331 lm, n = 5), immersed to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose, solitary or scattered on the host surface, black dots on host surface, smooth-walled, without papilla, thin-walled, shiny, dark brown to black, short ostiole in the central, with a pore-like opening. Peridium 22–30 lm wide, thick-walled, inner cells hyaline, outer 123 18 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Lasiodiplodia brasiliense CMM 2185 Lasiodiplodia brasiliense CMM 4015 80/--/1.00 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia viticola CBS 128315 Lasiodiplodia viticola CBS 128313 Lasiodiplodia theobromae CAA006 72/62/0.95 Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 124.13 Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 164.96 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MFLUCC 17-0952 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia bruguierae CMW 41470 75/63/0.99 Lasiodiplodia bruguierae CMW 41614 96/80/0.98 Lasiodiplodia mahajangana CBS 124925 70/--/-Lasiodiplodia mahajangana CBS 124927 81/72/1.00 99/95/1.00 Lasiodiplodia exigua CBS 137785 68/63/-Lasiodiplodia exigua BL184 96/64/0.98 Lasiodiplodia caatinguensis CMM 1325 Lasiodiplodia caatinguensis IBL352 92/87/1.00 Lasiodiplodia iraniensis CBS 124711 87/91/0.98 99/65/-Lasiodiplodia iraniensis CBS 124710 Lasiodiplodia thailandica CPC 22795 93/81/0.98 Lasiodiplodia gilanensis CBS 124704 100/98/1.00 Lasiodiplodia gilanensis IRAN 1501C 72/70/0.99 Lasiodiplodia missouriana CBS 128311 Lasiodiplodia missouriana UCD 2199MO 97/99/1.00 Lasiodiplodia plurivora CBS 121103 Lasiodiplodia plurivora CBS 120832 Lasiodiplodia pontae CMM 1277 100/91/1.00 Lasiodiplodia citricola IRAN 1521C Lasiodiplodia citricola CBS 124707 98/71/0.95 Lasiodiplodia parva CBS 494.78 Lasiodiplodia parva CBS 456.78 95/95/1.00 Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae CBS 167.28 88/63/0.99 Lasiodiplodia euphorbicola CMM 3609 Lasiodiplodia euphorbicola IBL329 99/87/1.00 Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis CBS 124708 100/95/1.00 Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis CBS 124709 Lasiodiplodia subglobosa CMM 3872 75/74/-Lasiodiplodia subglobosa CMM 4046 96/93/1.00 Lasiodiplodia gravistriata CMM 4565 Lasiodiplodia gravistriata CMM 4564 60/--/-Lasiodiplodia macrospora CMM 3833 77/--/0.96 Lasiodiplodia lignicola CBS 134112 75/71/0.95 Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae CBS 447.62 Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae CBS 116459 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia avicenniae CMW 41467 Lasiodiplodia avicenniae LAS199 96/98/1.00 Lasiodiplodia mediterranea CBS 137783 Lasiodiplodia mediterranea ALG36 Lasiodiplodia lignicola MFLUCC 11-0656 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia margaritacea CBS 122519 Lasiodiplodia margaritacea CBS 122065 63/60/-- Lasiodiplodia crassispora CBS 118741 Lasiodiplodia crassispora WAC 12534 99/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia crassispora CBS 110492 99/85/1.00 Lasiodiplodia pyriformis CBS 121770 Lasiodiplodia pyriformis CBS 121771 88/87/1.00 Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea WAC 12536 64/76/-Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea CBS 118740 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis WAC 12540 Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis CBS 118739 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis CBS 116355 Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis CBS 115812 Diplodia mutila CBS 112553 Diplodia (Outgroup) 0.02 Lasiodiplodia 88/--/-- --/100/1.00 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 5 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Sixty-two strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 826 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Diplodia mutila (CBS 112553) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 3491.523877 is presented. The matrix had 245 distinct alignment patterns, with 7.54% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.213249, C = 0.286170, G = 0.258379, T = 0.242202; substitution rates AC = 0.772893, AG = 3.492464, AT = 1.200687, CG = 0.913444, CT = 4.839580, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.565796. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 826 characters, which 635 were constant, 144 parsimonyinformative and 47 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of 720 equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 427 steps (CI = 0.611, RI = 0.844, RC = 0.516, HI = 0.389) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue layer cells black, composed of flattened cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1.5–1.8 lm wide, comprising numerous, septate, long, hyaline, guttulate, 19 pseudoparaphyses. Asci 77–112 9 11–15 lm ( x = 97 9 13 lm, n = 15), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short with club-shaped pedicel, apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber, smooth and thin-walled. Ascospores 20–23 9 5–8 lm ( x= 21 9 6 lm, n = 15), overlapping in the ascus, fusiform, 1-septate, narrowly fusoid with rounded ends, the cells above central septum often broader than the lower ones, constricted at the septum, with large guttules in each cell, hyaline, with thin mucilaginous sheath, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA at 16 °C reaching 9 cm in two weeks, circular with undulate, yellow-white mycelium, velvety and flat on the media. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, near Castellaccio di Corniolino, Santa Sofia, on dead spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 24 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT2197 (MFLU 15-1026, new host record). ibid. (MFLU 16-0532, HKAS94609 bis); living culture, MFLUCC 15-0079). GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828868, LSU: MG828984, SSU: MG829097. Fig. 6 Lasiodiplodia theobromae (MFLU 17-0298). a Conidiomata on host. b Cross section of the conidioma. c Immature conidia with conidiogenous cells. d Mature, hyaline conidia. Scale bars: b = 60 lm, c, d = 20 lm 123 20 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Neofusicoccum Neofusicoccum parvum CMW9081 Populus nigra New Zealand Neofusicoccum parvum CBS110301 Vitis vinifera Portugal Neofusicoccum parvum CAA189 Ferula communis Portugal 91/68/-Neofusicoccum parvum CAA608 Aesculus hippocastanum Portugal Neofusicoccum algeriense CAA366 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 85/--/1.00 Neofusicoccum algeriense PE32 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 85/91/1.00 Neofusicoccum algeriense CAA322 Malus domestica Portugal Neofusicoccum algeriense CBS137504 Vitis vinifera Algeria Neofusicoccum parvum CAA384 Rosa sp. Portugal Neofusicoccum parvum CAA386 Rosa sp. Portugal Neofusicoccum parvum CAA692 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 96/96/1.00 Neofusicoccum umdonicola CBS123645 Syzygium cordatum South Africa Neofusicoccum umdonicola CBS123646 Syzygium cordatum South Africa Neofusicoccum batangarum CBS124923 Terminalia catappa Cameroon 96/87/1.00 Neofusicoccum batangarum CBS124924 Terminalia catappa Cameroon Neofusicoccum ribis CBS121.26 Ribes rubrum Unknown 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum ribis CBS115475 Ribes sp. USA 91/95/1.00 Neofusicoccum cordaticola CBS123635 Syzygium cordatum South Africa Neofusicoccum cordaticola CBS123634 Syzygium cordatum South Africa 87/68/0.97 Neofusicoccum occulatum CBS128008 Eucalyptus grandis Australia Neofusicoccum occulatum MUCC286 Eucalyptus pellita Australia 97/92/1.00 Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CBS123639 Syzygium cordatum South Africa 72/--/1.00 Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CBS123641 Syzygium cordatum South Africa 83/76/1.00 Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CAA755 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 100/98/1.00 Neofusicoccum brasiliense CMM1338 Mangifera indica Brazil Neofusicoccum brasiliense CMM1285 Mangifera indica Brazil 67/--/0.95 Neofusicoccum macroclavatum CBS118223 Eucalyptus globulus Australia 100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum macroclavatum WAC12445 Eucalyptus globulus Australia 100/92/1.00 Neofusicoccum arbuti CBS116131 Arbutus menziesii USA 87/74/1.00 98/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum arbuti CBS117090 Arbutus menziesii USA Neofusicoccum andinum CBS117453 Eucalyptus sp. Venezuela 100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum PD301 Vaccinium corymbosum Chile Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum CBS126655 Umbellularia californica USA Neofusicoccum pennatisporum MUCC510 Allocasuarina fraseriana Australia Neofusicoccum australe CAA392 Quercus robur Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CAA231 Hydrangea macrophylla Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CAA326 Pyracantha coccinea Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CAA741 Acacia longifolia Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CAA468 Olea europaea Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CAA723 Tilia platyphyllos Portugal 64/60/0.99 Neofusicoccum australe CAA178 Ferula communis Portugal Neofusicoccum australe MFLUCC 17-0772 Rosa sp. UK 99/98/1.00 Neofusicoccum australe CAA319 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal Neofusicoccum australe CMW6853 Sequoiadendron giganteum Australia Neofusicoccum australe CMW6837 Acacia sp. Australia Neofusicoccum luteum CAA360 Fraxinus ornus Portugal Neofusicoccum luteum CAA352 Quercus robur Portugal Neofusicoccum luteum CAA505 Fraxinus ornus Portugal Neofusicoccum luteum CAA200 Melia azedarach Portugal 90/61/0.96 Neofusicoccum luteum CAA720 Tilia platyphyllos Portugal 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum luteum CAA412 Populus alba Portugal Neofusicoccum luteum CAA628 Fraxinus excelsior Portugal 98/95/1.00 Neofusicoccum luteum CBS110299 Vitis vinifera Portugal Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale CMW23785 Eucalyptus sp. South Africa Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale CMW20738 Eucalyptus citriodora South Africa Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme B9 Vitis vinifera Italy 100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme B8 Vitis vinifera Italy 100/100/1.00 85/80/-Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme 5H022 Juglans regia California 99/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CBS121558 Vitis vinifera USA Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CBS121718 Eucalyptus sp. Greece Neofusicoccum protearum MUCC497 Santalum acuminatum Australia 100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum hellenicum CERC1948 Pistacia vera Greece Neofusicoccum hellenicum CERC1947 Pistacia vera Greece Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA618 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA604 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA601 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA369 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA561 Fraxinus excelsior Portugal Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA450 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CBS115791 Eucalyptus grandis South Africa 100/1.00/1.00 Neofusicoccum eucalypticola CBS115679 Eucalyptus grandis Australia 94/93/0.99 Neofusicoccum eucalypticola CBS115766 Eucalyptus rossi Australia 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum mangiferae CBS118532 Mangifera indica Australia Neofusicoccum mangiferae CBS118531 Mangifera indica Australia 100/--/1.00 Dothiorella sarmentorum IMI63581b Ulmus sp. United Kingdom Dothiorella (Outgroup) 0.01 Dothiorella iberica CBS115041 Quercus ilex Spain 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 7 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS, TEF and BTUB partial sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Lopes et al. (2016). Seventy-four strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 1581 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Dothiorella sarmentorum and Dothiorella iberica are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 4891.417518 is presented. The matrix had 398 distinct alignment patterns, with 15.6% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 205808, C = 308905, G= 0. 265138, T = 0. 220149; substitution rates AC = 1.238189, AG = 4.913273, AT = 0.676400, CG = 0.874667, CT = 8.654825, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.923975. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 1581 characters, which 1309 were constant, 215 parsimony-informative and 57 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of 270 equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 450 steps (CI = 0.694, RI = 0.928, RC = 0.644, HI = 0.306) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Notes: Our new isolate is morphologically similar and phylogenetically related to Angustimassarina quercicola, but associated with a different host. Angustimassarina quercicola (holotype) was recorded on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), while our collection was found on Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). The phylogenetic placement of this species is shown in Fig. 14. Angustimassarina rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553939, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03964, Fig. 15 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1477 Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 100–150 lm high 9 125–165 lm diam. ( x = 124 9 143 lm, n = 5), superficial with flat at the base, solitary or in small groups, globose to subglobose, visible as black dots on the host surface, conspicuous at the surface, shinny, without papillate, black. Ostiole crest-like, rounded, papillate, immersed in ascomata, with a pore-like opening. Peridium 10–17 lm wide, thin, 3–5-layered of cells of textura angularis, dark brown to pale brown. Hamathecium 1.8-2.1 lm wide, cylindrical, few, septate, hyaline, attached to the base, longer than asci long, smooth, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 40–102 9 6–13 lm ( x = 70 9 10 lm, n = 10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, long with a club-shaped pedicel, with apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber, smooth-walled. Ascospore 16–22 9 4–6 lm ( x = 19 9 21 5 lm, n = 20), overlapping 1–2-seriate, fusiform to ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-septate at the centre, 4-large guttules, enlarged cell near septate, constricted at the septum, conical at both ends, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Ascospores germinating on malt extract agar (MEA) within 24 h. Colonies growing fast on MEA, circular, rough, entire edge with dark brown to back, raised on surface media, velvety. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Fiumicello di Premilcuore Province, on dead aerial branch and spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2012, Erio Camporesi, IT334 (MFLU 15-1477, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0080, KUMCC 16-0136); ibid. (HKAS94529 bis, paratypes). GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828869, LSU: MG828985. Notes: Angustimassarina rosarum is similar to An. acerina however, when compared morphologically ascomata and ascospores in An. acerina are immersed with hyaline ascospores, becoming ochre brown at maturity and 1(–3)-septate (Thambugala et al. 2015) which differs in An. rosarum. In our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 14), Angustimassarina rosarum is related to An. alni, but differs in having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata with fusiform to cylindrical or ellipsoidal-fusiform ascospores, which are widest at the centre (Tibpromma et al. 2017). There are also seven base pair differences in ITS nucleotide sequences between An. rosarum and An. alni. It is worth pointing out that the affinities of our two new Angustimassarina species are still obscure given that there are no reliable support in our phylogeny, but this is a common phenomenon across Pleosporales members. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s KryptogamenFlora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 308 (1885) Notes: The family Cucurbitariaceae is a well-supported monophyletic family in the order Pleosporales (Liu et al. 2017; Wanasinghe et al. 2017b). Currently the family includes Allocucurbitaria, Cucurbitaria, Neocucurbitaria, Paracucurbitaria, and another six monotypic genera viz. Astragalicola, Cucitella, Fenestella, Parafenestella, Protofenestella and Seltsamia. In a recent study, Jaklitsch et al. (2018) revisited the phylogenetic relationships of Cucurbitariaceae and reported that the genus Fenestella should be restricted to the type species F. fenestrata. In addition, they have transferred F. mackenziei and F. ostryae to Parafenestella based on their lack of molecular support with Fenestella and the absence of a well-delimited pseudostromata and ascospore septation. Our generated phylogenies herein are similar to those of Jaklitsch et al. (2018), but we obtained more reliable backbone bootstrap support for the Fenestella and Parafenestella clade (80% ML and 1.00 BYPP, Fig. 16). 123 22 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 8 Neofusicoccum australe (MFLU 17-0628, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host spines. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Conidiomata wall. e Conidia on conidiogenous cells. f–l Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d, f–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm The establishment of Parafenestella as circumscribed by Jaklitsch et al. (2018) and its separation from Fenestella is not strongly supported (also in the present study). In 123 addition, differences in morphs as cited by Jaklitsch et al. (2018) (Parafenestella: ascomata aggregated or not, not forming well-delimited pseudostromata, ascospores Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 23 100/100/1.00 100/98/1.00 Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum CBS 132015 Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum CBS 114866 Pseudocercospora robusta CBS 111175 89/--/1.00 Pseudocercospora fori CBS 113286 100/100/1.00 100/100/1.00 Pseudocercospora sp. CBS 110780 Pseudocercospora 100/99/1.00 Pseudocercospora macadamiae CBS 133432 KPseudocercospora metrosideri CBS 114294 Pseudocercospora norchiensis CBS 120738 74/--/0.96 Pseudocercospora rosae MFLUCC 14-0408 Pseudocercospora sp. CBS 113386 82/--/0.95 88/79/1.00 100/99/1.00 Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 19535 Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 19537 60/95/1.00 68/--/1.00 Pseudocercospora flavomarginata CBS 124990 100/100/1.00 Pseudocercosporella myopori CBS 114644 --/100/1.00 Pseudocercospora dingleyae CBS 114645 Pseudocercospora vitis CBS 132012 Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 23118 Pallidocercospora heimii CPC 11716 0.03 Pallidocercospora (Outgroup) Fig. 9 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, ITS and RPB2 sequenced data of Mycosphaerellaceae. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Eighteen strains are analyzed, which comprise 2619 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Pallidocercospora heimii (CPC 11716) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 8641.841344 is presented. The matrix had 589 distinct alignment patterns, with 17.68% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.249040, C = 0.241413, G= 0.280760, T = 0.228787; substitution rates AC = 1.943855, AG = 3.843971, AT = 1.330835, CG = 0.937289, CT = 8.007570, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.513098. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 2619 characters, which 2074 were constant, 345 parsimony-informative and two parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of two equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 1036 steps (CI = 0.714, RI = 0.755, RC = 0.539, HI = 0.286) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue fenestella- to (neo)cucurbitaria-like as compared to Fenestella which forms pseudostromata; ascospores have many septa, difficult to count) warrants a taxonomic reappraisal with more samples to properly assess the phylogenetic significance of these morphs for intergeneric segregation. Parafenestella may well be a synonym of Fenestella as they are unambiguously unified by morphological characters (e.g. cylindrical asci with uniseriate ascospore arrangement, muriform ascospores with [3 longitudinal septa and specifically paler at the extreme ends) and represented by a reasonably supported monophyletic clade, with F. fenestrata as the basal taxon in our rDNA and protein gene phylogeny (Fig. 16). We refrain from synonymising Parafenestella until further collections are made. See Doilom et al. (2013), Hyde et al. (2013), Wanasinghe et al. (2017b), and Jaklitsch et al. (2018) for more details on Cucurbitariaceae. Astragalicola Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Studies in Mycology 90: 82 (2018) amend. 123 24 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 10 Pseudocercospora rosae (HKAS100841, holotype). a Dead plant tissues. b Colonies on dead stem. c–e Conidiophores. f Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. g–s Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 cm, b = 500 lm, i = 100, c–e = 50 lm, j–s = 50 lm, f, h = 20 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate. Ostiole inconspicuous. Peridium multi-layered, outer most layer heavily pigmented, comprising a blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed pale brown to hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 3–5 transverse septa, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, ends slightly paler, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: See Jaklitsch et al. (2018). Type: Astragalicola amorpha Jaklitsch & Voglmayr Notes: Astragalicola was introduced by Jaklitsch et al. (2018) to accomodate A. amorpha, which differs from Phoma by the presence of conidiophores and from Pyrenochaeta by the lack of setae. Based on the combined LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF, BTUB and SSU sequence analyses of Cucurbitariaceae, one of our new isolates (MFLUCC 17-0832) clusters with Astragalicola amorpha with strong bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 16). Thus, we introduce our new isolate as a new species in Astragalicola. Astragalicola amorpha is known only from its coelomycetous asexual morph and herein we amend Astragalicola in order to accommodate its sexual morph. Astragalicola vasilyevae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554128; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03965; Fig. 17. Etymology: The specific epithet was given in honour of Larisa N. Vasilyeva (15 Feb 1950–23 Feb 2017), who was a Russian mycologist, amazing collector and specialist in Pyrenomycetes systematics. Holotype: TASM 6107. Saprobic on dead wood of an unknown plant. Sexual morph: Ascomata 350–450 lm high 200–300 lm diam. ( x = 378.2 9 220.9 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semiimmersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate. Ostiole inconspicuous. Peridium 10– 20 lm wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides, outer most layer heavily pigmented, comprising a blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed pale brown 25 to hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 120–150 9 14–18 lm ( x = 144.2916.3 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 9 11–13 lm ( x = 23.4912.1 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 3–5 transverse septa, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, ends slightly paler, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 weeks at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, margin smooth, orange after 6 weeks, reverse iron, flat on the surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled. Known distribution: On dead wood, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh Village on dead wood, 12 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S004 (TASM 6107, holotype), MFLU 17-0197, isotype living cultures, MFLUCC 17-0832. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828870, LSU: MG828986, SSU: MG829098, TEF: MG829193, RPB2: MG829248. Notes: Based on the multi-gene sequence analyses, isolate MFLUCC 17-0832 clusters with Astragalicola amorpha with strong bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 16). Astragalicola vasilyevae and A. amorpha are known from their sexual morph and asexual morph respectively. Thus, it is not possible to compare their morphologies. In a comparison of the 566 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides of these two strains reveals 12 (2.12%) nucleotide differences which justifies these two isolates as two distinct taxa (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Therefore, we propose Astragalicola vasilyevae, MFLUCC 17-0832 as a new species in Cucurbitariaceae. Astragalicola vasilyevae morphologically resembles Cucurbitaria berberidis and C. oromediterranea in having similar ascomata, asci and ascospore characters (Fig. 17). However, Cucurbitaria berberidis and C. oromediterranea are phylogenetically apart from our new isolate (Fig. 16). Astragalicola vasilyevae has a close phylogenetic affinity to Allocucurbitaria botulispora and Seltsamia ulmi. Allocucurbitaria botulispora is only known from their asexual morph and differs from the asexual morph of Astragalicola (see Jaklitsch et al. 2018). Astragalicola vasilyevae differs from Seltsamia ulmi in having smaller ascospores with much fewer septa than S. ulmi. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Phaeocryptopus nudus CBS 268.37 Rhizosphaera oudemansii rhoubc Plowrightia abietis ATCC 24339 70/-Rhizosphaera oudemansii 184813 Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii ATCC 26605 Plowrightia periclymeni Bb-DR-g Plowrightia periclymeni Bb-DG-e 99/1.00 Plowrightia periclymeni Bb-DR-j 95/1.00 Plowrightia periclymeni 178096 91/-- Delphinella strobiligena AFTOL-ID 1257 Delphinella strobiligena CBS 735.71 99/1.00 Sydowia polyspora CBS 116.29 Rhizosphaera pini 64367 Endoconidioma populi UAMH 10297 Coniozyma leucospermi CBS 111289 99/1.00 Endoconidioma populi IRAN2350C Endoconidioma populi IRAN2351C Endoconidioma populi UAMH 10902 Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0821 Neocylindroseptoria pistaciae CBS 471.69 98/1.00 Dothidea insculpta CBS 189.58 Dothidea insculpta MFUCC 13-0686 Dothidea sambuci DAOM 231303 Stylodothis puccinioides CBS 193.58 98/1.00 Plowrightia ribesia MFLU 14-0040 Plowrightia ribesia MFLUCC 13-0670 Dothidea muelleri CBS 191.58 100/1.00 Dothidea berberidis CBS 186.58 82/1.00 Dothidea hippophaeos CBS 188.58 85/0.98 Coleophoma crateriformis CBS 473.69 Coleophoma oleae CBS 615.72 70/-- Dothiora cannabinae CBS 737.71 Dothiora elliptica CBS 736.71 Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae CBS 477.69 Neophaeocryptopus cytisi MFLUCC 14-0970 Pringsheimia smilacis CBS 873.71 98/1.00 Pseudosydowia eucalypti CPC:14028 Pseudosydowia eucalypti CPC14927i Saccothecium rubi MFLUCC 14-1171 Saccothecium sepincola MFLU 14−0276 Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2826 Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2824 Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2825 100/1.00 Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 584.75 Kabatiella lini CBS 125.21 99/1.00 Discosphaerina fagi CBS 171.93 100/1.00 Aureobasidium leucospermi CPC 15181 95/1.00 Aureobasidium leucospermi CPC 15180 91/1.00 Selenophoma mahoniae CBS 388.92 99/1.00 Kabatiella caulivora CBS 242.64 94/1.00 Kabatiella microsticta CBS 114.64 70/-Pseudoseptoria obscura CBS 135103 100/1.00 Pseudoseptoria collariana CBS 135104 Selenophoma linicola CBS 468.48 Selenophoma australiensis CBS124776 Celosporium larixicola UAMH 11008 Elsinoe phaseoli CBS 150.27 Elsinoaceae (Outgroup) Elsinoe veneta CBS 165.31 Saccotheciaceae Dothideaceae 26 100/1.00 100/1.00 0.03 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 11 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU SSU and ITS sequenced data of Dothideales. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-eight strains are analyzed, which comprise 2054 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Elsinoë veneta (CBS 165.31) and E. phaseoli (CBS 150.27) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 7497.136118 is presented. The matrix had 412 distinct alignment patterns, with 29.03% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.254834, C = 0.214457, G = 0.283420, T = 0.247289; substitution rates AC = 1.389450, AG = 2.303767, AT = 1.574466, CG = 0.424209, CT = 6.478978, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.576909. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 70%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequence is in blue 27 Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycological Research 113 (4): 516 (2009) Notes: We follow the classification of Chen et al. (2015a) in the study. Epicoccum Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 8: 32 (1815) Notes: Epicoccum is one of the species-rich genera in Didymellaceae and includes 105 and 134 taxon epithets listed in MycoBank and Index Fungorum respectively. Most taxa lack molecular data and although numerous Epicoccum species have been described, based on different host plants and variation in conidial sizes, but most should be reduced to synonymy. Epicoccum has both coelomycetous and hyphomycetous synanamorphs (Chen et al. 2015a) which are characterized by pycnidial conid- Fig. 12 Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae (TASM 6106, holotype). a Appearance of conidiomata on fruit of Hissar rose. b Vertical section of conidioma. c Developing stages of conidia on conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 50 lm, c, d = 10 lm 123 28 Fig. 13 Angustimassarina quercicola (MFLU 15-1026). a–b Ascomata. c Cross section of ascoma. d Close up of the peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–j Asci. k–m Ascospores. n Germinating 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 ascospore. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b–c = 100 lm, d = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–j = 20 lm, k–n = 10 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 iomata with hyaline conidia and dark sporodochia with branched conidiophores and mono- to polyblastic, verruculose, dictyoconidia (Seifert et al. 2011) respectively. In a recent study, Jayasiri et al. (2017) introduced the first record of a sexual morph in this genus (Fig. 18). Epicoccum rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554129; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03966; Fig. 19. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-3639. Saprobic on Rosa spines. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 70–120 high 9 90– 130 lm diam. ( x = 88.5 9 108.7 lm, n = 6), pycnidial, globose to subglobose, or irregularly-shaped, immersed, solitary or confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with brown to hyaline cells. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, multi-layered, 10–20 lm thick, outer wall brown, hyaline towards inner layer. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, globose to flask-shaped. Conidia 4–7 9 2–3 lm ( x = 5.4 9 2.7 lm, n = 30), variable in shape and size, hyaline, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, ellipsoidal to oblong, sometimes slightly curved. Synasexual morph: Sporodochia brownish to black, scattered or aggregated. Stromata 60–120 lm high 9 40–70 lm diam. ( x = 85 9 52 lm, n = 6), hemispherical to spherical, composed of brown to reddish-brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Chlamydospores 22–35 9 15–30 lm ( x = 24.9 9 21.9 lm, n = 30), variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary, verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, pale brown to dark brown, muriform. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near Ortignano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 11 November 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2683 (MFLU 15-3639, holotype). ibid. IT 2639 (MFLU 15-3240). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828899, MG828900, LSU: MG829009, MG829010. Notes: Phylogeny recovered in this study (for a concatenated dataset of LSU, ITS, BTUB and RPB2) as well as our morphological characters such as pycnidial conidiomata with hyaline conidia and hyphomycetous dark sporodochia with branched conidiophores and verruculose, muriform chlamydospores support our new species within the genus Epicoccum. Even though there are numerous Epicoccum species described from different host plants, there is no record from Rosa verified in fungal databases such like USDA (http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. 29 Neoascochyta Q. Chen & L. Cai, Studies in Mycology 82: 198 (2015) Notes: Chen et al. (2015a) introduced Neoascochyta which closely resembles Ascochyta, but is phylogenetically distinct in multi-gene analyses. Currently this genus comprises nine species viz. Neoascochyta adenii, N. argentina, N. desmazieri, N. europaea, N. exitialis, N. graminicola, N. paspali, N. soli and N. triticicola. In this study, we introduce N. rosicola as a new species (Fig. 20). Neoascochyta rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554130; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03967; Fig. 21. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1046. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 56–116 9 142–233 lm diam. ( x = 89 9 180 lm, n = 5), an acervulus, semi-immersed to erumpent, separate, scattered, dark brown to black, saucer-shaped, flat at base, unilocular. Pycnidial wall 17–44 lm, thin-walled merging with host tissues, composed of textura angularis and textura globulosa with light brown cells bearing conidiogenous cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 6–11 9 3–4 lm ( x = 8 9 4 lm, n = 20), holoblastic, annelidic, determinate, discrete, solitary, oblong, formed from inner cells of acervulus wall, brown at base, hyaline at the apex. Conidia 9–16 9 3–5 lm ( x = 13 9 4 lm, n = 50), hyaline, brown at maturity, broad-fusiform, slightly conical towards both ends, constricted at the septa, with 1 longitudinal septum, smooth-walled. Culture character: Colonies on PDA 20 mm diam. after 4 weeks at 16 °C, cream to greyish; reverse black at the center, radiating grey towards the edge, medium dense, circular, umbonate, fimbriate, fairly fluffy, not producing pigments. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: Italy, Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Tontola di Predappio, on dried spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 4 April 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2242 (MFLU 15-1046, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0048. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828921, LSU: MG829031, RPB2: MG829258. Notes: Neoascochyta rosicola has a close phylogenetic affinity to N. argentina and N. triticicola in our phylogeny analyses. Morphologically, it differs from them in producing one septate conidia, while N. argentina and N. triticicola have aseptate conidia. Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 15 (2): 128 (1953) 123 30 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Lophiostoma caulium KT604 Coelodictyosporium muriforme MFLUCC 13-0351 99/98/1.00 Lophiostoma macrostomum HHUF 27290 100/98/1.00 Platystomum crataegi MFLUCC 14-0925 Lophiostomataceae 86/91/1.00 Lophiostoma compressum MFLUCC 13-0343 100/100/1.00 Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 14-0993 100/100/1.00 Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 13-0442 Lophiostoma caulium KT794 100/100/1.00 Lophiostoma caulium KT573 Curreya proteae CBS 122675 100/95/1.00 Curreya grandicipis CPC 1852 90/--/1.00 100/100/1.00 Teichospora rubriostiolata TR7 Teichospora rubriostiolata TR5 Floricolaceae/ Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 10-0126 82/--/1.00 Teichosporaceae 100/100/1.00 Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284 100/100/1.00 Misturatosphaeria minima GKM 169N Floricola striata JK 5678I Decaisnella formosa BCC 25617 Angustimassarina lonicerae MFLUCC 15-0088 Angustimassarina arezzoensis MFLUCC 13-0578 Angustimassarina lonicerae MFLUCC 15-0087 Angustimassarina alni MFLUCC 15-0184 Angustimassarina rosarum MFLUCC 15-0080 Massarina corticola CBS 154.93 Exosporium stylobatum CBS 160.30 Amorosiaceae Angustimassarina premilcurensis MFLUCC 15-0074 Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034 100/100/1.00 Angustimassarina italica MFLUCC 15-008 --/--/0.95 Angustimassarina quercicola MFLUCC 15-0079 Angustimassarina quercicola MFLUCC 14-0506 98/83/1.00 Angustimassarina coryli MFLUCC 14-0981 Angustimassarina acerina MFLUCC 14-0505 Amorosia littoralis NN 6654 --/100/1.00 Westerdykella cylindrica CBS 454.72 100/100/1.00 76/63/-Eremodothis angulata CBS 610.74 Sporormiaceae Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74 Preussia minima AFTOL-ID 1256 Camarographium carpini CBS 128781 Halotthia posidoniae BBH 22481 100/100/1.00 Halotthiaceae Mauritiana rhizophorae BCC 28866 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080 Melanommataceae (Out group) 100/96/1.00 0.02 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 14 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF partial sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Hyde et al. (2017). Fourty-one strains are included in the combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence analyses, which comprise 3,483 characters with gaps (918 for LSU, 1037 for SSU, 566 for ITS and 961 for TEF). Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Melanommataceae) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the Bayesian analysis. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 13631.773328 is presented. The matrix had 1069 distinct alignment patterns, with 28.08% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.245086, C = 0.247724, G= 0.271028, T = 0.236162; substitution rates AC = 1.033805, AG = 2.426200, AT = 1.587337, CG = 1.164934, CT = 8.154697, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.545004. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 3483 characters, which 2670 were constant, 597 parsimony-informative and 216 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 1710 steps (CI = 0.609, RI = 0.805, RC = 0.490, HI = 0.391) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Notes: We follow the classification of Ariyawansa et al. (2014) and Hyde et al. (2017) in the study. Paraconiothyrium Verkley, Studies in Mycology 50 (2): 327 (2004) Notes: Paraconiothyrium was introduced by Verkley et al. (2004) to accommodate the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans and four new species, viz. P. estuarinum, P. brasiliense, P. cyclothyrioides and P. fungicola. The sexual morphs of these species are undetermined. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and SSU nrDNA sequences in Verkley et al. (2004) showed that Paraconiothyrium belongs in Pleosporales. Paraconiothyrium species are ubiquitous soil fungi and are used as biocontrol agents, potential bioremediators and antibiotic producers. Paraconiothyrium rosae Senan., Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554131; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03968, Fig. 22. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15–1115 Pathogenic on spines and stems of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 140–150 9 100–145 lm, pycnidial, solitary, superficial to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose, dark brown. Peridium comprising 5–10 cell-layers of thickwalled, hyaline to pale brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. 31 Conidiogenous cells 6–12 9 1.5–2 lm, conical to subulate or subcylindrical, doliiform, broadly or elongated ampulliform, sometimes with a long neck, phialidic with periclinal wall thickening or with one or more percurrent proliferations near the apex. Conidia 3–3.5 9 2–2.5 lm, hyaline, subcylindrical to ellipsoidal, both ends obtuse, 1-celled, smooth-walled. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena, Civitella di Romagna, near Giaggiolo, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 28 January 2015, Erio Camporesi, IT 2359 (MFLU 15-1115, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828932, LSU: MG829041, SSU: MG829147. Notes: Notes: Paraconiothyrium rosae is a saprobic species distinct from other soil inhabiting species by its hyaline conidia and absence of conidiophores. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence data indicates that P. rosae clusters near to other Paraconiothyrium species with no support value (Clade C, Fig. 23). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss., Arkiv før Botanik 6 (4–5): 405 (1967) Notes: Eriksson (1967) introduced Paraphaeosphaeria to accommodate four species with oblong-cylindric ascospores (i.e. P. castagnei, P. michotii, P. obtusispora, and P. rusci). The exact familial placement of this genus was confusing due to lack of molecular data. Subsequently, Ariyawansa et al. (2014) epitypified Paraphaeosphaeria michotii from a fresh collection and the placement of Paraphaeosphaeria was confirmed in Didymosphaeriaceae (=Montagnulaceae). Currently there are 39 species epithets listed in Paraphaeosphaeria in Index Fungorum (2017, December) and they have been recorded from 85 different hosts worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2017). Most of these records are from Agave, Juncus, Ruscus and Yucca species and in this study, we introduce three taxa as the first record of Paraphaeosphaeria from Rosa. Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Arkiv før Botanik 6 (4–5): 405 (1967) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03969; Figs. 24 and 25. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Ascomata 170–264 lm high 9 145–254 lm diam. ( x = 224 9 215 lm, n = 5), black, semi-immersed to immersed, partly erumpent, gregarious, globose, uniloculate. Ostiolar neck papillate, filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 8–25 lm wide at the sides, outermost layer comprising reddishbrown to dark brown, thick-walled, loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 123 32 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 15 Angustimassarina rosarum (MFLU 15-1477, holotype). a– b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Section of peridium. e Ostiole. f–g Asci. h–l Ascospores. m Germinated spore. Scale bars: a–b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–e = 10 lm, f– g = 20 lm, h–m = 5 lm comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 64–89 9 10– 14 lm ( x = 72 9 12 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, rounded at the apex and with a shallow ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–20 9 4–7 lm ( x = 16 9 5 lm, n = 50), overlapping, biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with 1–2 septa, hyaline and guttulate at the beginning, becoming brown at maturity, rounded at the ends, rough-walled, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when dry. Asexual morph Conidiomata 130–200 high 9 100– 150 lm diam. ( x = 153 9 121 lm, n = 10) pycnidial, globose to subglobose, erumpent, solitary or confluent. Ostioles papillate, opening with a pore. Pycnidial wall 3–5layered, 8–22 lm diam, comprising cells of textura angularis, outer wall brown, hyaline towards inner layer. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–6 9 2–6 lm ( x = 5 9 4 lm, n = 20, cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic, with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia 5–10 9 2–4 lm ( x = 7.9 9 3.4 lm, n = 50), solitary or rarely 1-septate, golden brown, ellipsoid with obtuse ends, thick-walled, roughened. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province [FC], near San Benedetto in Alpe, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 21 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2186 (MFLU 15-1042), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0043. ibid. IT 2184 (MFLU 15-1041), extype living culture, MFLUCC 15-0041. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828933, MG828934, LSU: MG829042, MG829043, SSU: MG829148, MG829149. Notes: During our investigation of saprobic fungi in Italy, two isolates (from a sexual morph, MFLUCC 15-0043 and from an asexual morph, MFLUCC 15-0041) were recovered from Rosa canina in Forlı̀-Cesena Province. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses reveal that, these two strains group with Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (MFLUCC 13-0349) as a monophyletic clade (Subclade A1, Fig. 23), which received strong bootstrap support. Our sexual morph or asexual morph descriptions of our new isolates did not differ with the morphological definitions of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii and hence considered our species to be the same. 33 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554132; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03970; Fig. 26. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-2640. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 100–130 high 9 150–250 lm diam. ( x = 111.5 9 196.4 lm, n = 10) pycnidial, globose to subglobose, immersed, solitary or confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with hyaline cells. Pycnidial wall 8–15 lm with, comprising 2 layers, outer most layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish-brown to dark brown, flattened cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, loosely packed, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic, with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia 7–9 9 4.5–6 lm ( x = 8.3 9 5.4 lm, n = 30), 1-septate, brown, oval to ellipsoid with rounded ends, thick-walled, roughened. Known distribution: On Rosa, Sweden. Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Tjäarnöo, Bohuslän, 58°530 54.000 N 11°020 23.000 E, on spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 19 June 2017, E.B.G. Jones GJ386A (MFLU 17-2640, holotype), Ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-2547, ibid. GJ386C (MFLU 17-2641), isotype living culture MFLUCC 17-2548. ibid. GJ387 (MFLU 17-2642), paratype living culture MFLUCC 17-2549. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828935, MG828936, MG828937, LSU: MG829044, MG829045, MG829046, SSU: MG829150, MG829151, MG829152, TEF: MG829222, MG829223. Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of microfungi in Sweden, three isolates were recovered from Rosa spines in Koster Islands. Morphological characters such as conidiophores, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic, conidiogenous cells and 1-septate, brown, oval to ellipsoid conidia, fit well within the species concept of Paraphaeosphaeria. In our phylogenetic study, our strains cluster with P. rosacearum (Subclade A2, Fig. 23). A comparison of the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides with P. rosacearum with our new strains reveals 10 (2.42%) number of differences that justifies establishment of a new taxon (Jeewon & Hyde 2016). We therefore identify our isolates (MFLUCC 17-2547, MFLUCC 17-2548 and MFLUCC 17-2549) as P. rosae sp. nov. Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 123 34 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Neocucurbitaria rhamni C133 Neocucurbitaria rhamni C190 100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamni C112 100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamni CBS 142391 Neocucurbitaria rhamni C277 91/0.99 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides C222 85/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides C223 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides CBS 142395 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola CBS 142396 Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola KRx 100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria ribicola C155 Neocucurbitaria ribicola CBS 142394 96/-- Neocucurbitaria acerina C26a 70/0.95 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria acerina CBS 142403 78/0.96 Neocucurbitaria acerina MFLUCC 16-1450 Neocucurbitaria quercina CBS 115095 61/-Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis CBS 111112 Neocucurbitaria irregularis CBS 142791 Neocucurbitaria keratinophila CBS 121759 Neocucurbitaria aquatica CBS 297.74 Neocucurbitaria vachelliae CBS 142397 100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria aetnensis CBS 142404 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria aetnensis C270 100/1.00 62/0.95 Neocucurbitaria cinereae CBS 142406 Neocucurbitaria acanthocladae CBS 142398 66/-- Neocucurbitaria cava CBS 115979 64/-Neocucurbitaria juglandicola CBS 142390 99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria populi CBS 142393 100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria cava CBS 257.68 100/0.96 Neocucurbitaria cisticola CBS 142402 Neocucurbitaria hakeae CBS 142109 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CB3 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea C29 88/0.99 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea C86 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CB2 100/1.00 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CBS 142399 100/1.00 Cucurbitaria oromediterranea C265 100/1.00 Cucurbitaria berberidis CB 84/1.00 Cucurbitaria berberidis CBS 394.84 99/1.00 Cucurbitaria berberidis MFLUCC 11-0384 Cucurbitaria berberidis C39 Cucurbitaria berberidis CBS 142401 Parafenestella mackenziei MFLUCC 16-1451 78/1.00 Parafenestella pseudoplatani CBS 142392 80/1.00 Parafenestella ostryae MFLUCC 17-0097 Fenestella fenestrata CBS 143001 99/1.00 Allocucurbitaria botulispora CBS 142452 Seltsamia ulmi CBS 143002 98/1.00 Astragalicola vasilyevae MFLUCC 17-0832 Clade A Astragalicola Astragalicola amorpha CBS 142999 93/1.00 Paracucurbitaria italica CBS 234.92 Paracucurbitaria corni CBS 248.79 Pyrenochaeta nobilis CBS 407.76 99/1.00 Protofenestella ulmi CBS 114122 Protofenestella ulmi CBS 143000 Cucitella opali CBS 142405 Staurosphaeria rhamnicola MFLUCC 17-0814 Coniothyriaceae (Outgroup) Staurosphaeria lycii MFLUCC 17-0210 Cucurbitariaceae 64/1.00 100/1.00 100/1.00 0.02 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 16 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF, BTUB and SSU sequenced data of Cucurbitariaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Wanasinghe et al. (2015) and Jaklitsch et al. (2018). Fifty-eight strains are included in the analyses, which comprise 5717 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared with combined gene analyses. Staurosphaeria lycii and S. rhamnicola (Coniothyriaceae) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology generated under the maximumlikelihood analysis was similar to the MP and Bayesian analyses. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 26754.401591 is presented. The matrix had 1390 distinct alignment patterns, with 34.75% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.238553, C = 0.260973, G= 0.265017, T = 0.235457; substitution rates AC = 1.531370, AG = 5.180226, AT = 1.489073, CG = 1.260964, CT = 8.703314, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.876827. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 2293 characters, which 2017 were constant, 234 parsimony-informative and 42 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 676 steps (CI = 0.556, RI = 0.776, RC = 0.432, HI = 0.444) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Thee newly generated sequence is in blue Index Fungorum number: IF554133; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03971; Fig. 27. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0108. Saprobic on dried spine of on Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 89– 240 high 9 133–200 lm diam. ( x = 155 9 167 lm, n = 6), pycnidial, globose to subglobose, immersed, solitary or confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with hyaline cells. Pycnidial wall 11–29 lm (at apex) wide, outermost layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddishbrown to dark brown, flattened cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, loosely packed, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–8 9 1–8 lm ( x = 4 9 4 lm, n = 30), cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia 7–14 9 4– 9 lm ( x = 12 9 6 lm, n = 40), 1-septate, brown, oval to ellipsoid with narrowly rounded ends, thick-walled, roughened. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province [FC], near Premilcuore, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 20 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2185 (MFLU 18-0108, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0042. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828938, LSU: MG829047, SSU: MG829153. 35 Notes: See the notes under Paraphaeosphaeria rosae. Pseudocamarosporium Wijayaw. & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (2): 185 (2014) Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2014b) introduced Pseudocamarosporium to accommodate P. propinquum (:Camarosporium propinquum) as the type species and another four species viz. P. corni, P. lonicerae, P. piceae and P. tilicola. Phylogenetically Pseudocamarosporium shows close affinity to Paracamarosporium, nevertheless they are morphologically distinct (Wijayawardene et al. 2014b). Currently, there are eleven associated records listed in MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org, September 2017). In this study we introduce another novel taxon to Pseudocamarosporium which was collected from Ptelea in Russia. Pseudocamarosporium pteleae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554134; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03972; Fig. 28. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Ptelea. Holotype: MFLU 16-1680. Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead twigs and branches of Ptelea trifolata. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 400– 500 lm high, 300–400 lm diam ( x = 445.8 9 373.4 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole central, long, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multilayered, 10–15 lm wide at the base, 15–25 lm wide at the sides, thick, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia 10–16 9 6–9 lm ( x = 13.64 9 7.46 lm; n = 20), oval, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 3-transverse septate, with 1 longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to blackish-brown. Known distribution: On Ptelea trifoliata, Russia (European part, Rostov region). Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky District, Donskoye forestry, artificial forest, underwood, on twigs of Ptelea trifoliata L. (Rutaceae), 6 April 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov T-1386 (MFLU 16-1680, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0724 (Fig. 29). 123 36 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 17 Astragalicola vasilyevae (TASM 6107, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–m = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 37 Epicoccum nigrum LC 8158 Epicoccum nigrum LC 5180 Epicoccum nigrum LC 8157 94/91/1.00 Epicoccum nigrum CBS 173.73T 74/66/0.98 Epicoccum nigrum CBS 125.82 77/69/0.99 Epicoccum nigrum LC 8159 Epicoccum poae LC 8161 93/87/0.99 Epicoccum poae CGMCC 3.18363T Epicoccum poae LC 8162 91/87/1.00 Epicoccum rosae MFLU 15-3239 82/64/0.97 Epicoccum rosae MFLU 15-3639T Epicoccum latusicollum CGMCC 3.18362T 100/98/1.00 Epicoccum dendrobii CGMCC 3.18359T 100/99/1.00 Epicoccum dendrobii LC 8146 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum italicum LC 8151 96/99/1.00 Epicoccum italicum CGMCC 3.18361T Epicoccum mackenziei MFLUCC 16-0335T 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum pimprinum PD 77/1028 Epicoccum pimprinum CBS 246.60T 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum hordei LC 8149 Epicoccum hordei CGMCC 3.18360T 95/93/1.00 Epicoccum camelliae LC 4862 97/91/1.00 Epicoccum camelliae CGMCC 3.18343T 84/--/1.00 Epicoccum viticis CGMCC 3.18344T Epicoccum viticis BRIP 29294 Epicoccum sorghinum CBS 179.80 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum sorghinum CBS 627.68 Epicoccum sorghinum LC 4860 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum latusicollum LC 4859 Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8152 Epicoccum latusicollum CGMCC 3.18346T 98/--/-- Epicoccum latusicollum LC 5124 Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8153 Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8154 Epicoccum huancayense CBS 105.80T Epicoccum plurivorum CBS 558.81T 98/97/1.00 Epicoccum henningsii CBS 104.80R 98/97/1.00 Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83R Epicoccum brasiliense CBS 120105T 100/100/1.00 Epicoccum duchesneae LC 8147 Epicoccum duchesneae CGMCC 3.18345T Boeremia exigua var. heteromorpha CBS 443.94T Epicoccum 100/98/1.00 0.01 Fig. 18 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, ITS, TUB and RPB2 partial sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from Chen et al. (2015a). Fourtytwo strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 2770 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Boeremia exigua var. heteromorpha (CBS 443.94) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 8588.896456 is presented. The matrix had 428 distinct alignment patterns, with 17.37% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.241816, C = 0.241046, G= 0.274292, T = 0.242846; substitution rates AC = 1.769202, AG = 5.134244, AT = 1.819707, CG = 1.068159, CT = 13.093712, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.552544. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 2770 characters, which 2362 were constant, 298 parsimony-informative and 110 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of two equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 903 steps (CI = 0.595, RI = 0.824, RC = 0.490, HI = 0.405) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue 123 38 Fig. 19 Epicoccum rosae (MFLU 15-3639, holotype). a, b Appearance of black sporodochia on the host. c Section of conidioma. d, e Conidia and conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. g Sporodochia. h– 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 k Chlamydospores (Note the rough surface in g). Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d–f = 5 lm, g–k = 10 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 39 Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 389.86 Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 118.40 Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 113693 Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 110124 100/99/1.00 61/61/-- Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 812.84 Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 811.84 T 100/94/1.00 Neoascochyta europaea CBS 820.84 Neoascochyta europaea CBS 819.84 100/100/1.00 Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 301.69 Neoascochyta Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 816.84 Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 102789R Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 815.84 68/63/0.95 98/61/-- Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 447.82 Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 586.79 86/100/1.00 80/96/-78/88/1.00 Neoascochyta argentina CBS 112524T Neoascochyta rosicola MFLUCC 15-0048T Neoascochyta triticicola CBS 544.74T Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 247.79 100/100/1.00 Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 297.69T Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 758.97 84/66/-100/100/1.00 Neoascochyta soli CGMCC 3.18365T Neoascochyta soli LC 8166 Neoascochyta paspali CBS 560.81T Neodidymelliopsis cannabis CBS 234.37 0.02 Fig. 20 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, ITS, TUB and RPB2 partial sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from Chen et al. (2015a). Twentyfour strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3021 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neodidymelliopsis cannabis (CBS 234.37) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 7736.095672 is presented. The matrix had 271 distinct alignment patterns, with 30.75% undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.247406, C = 0.228028, G= 0.282039, T = 0.242527; substitution rates AC = 2.730510, AG = 8.546535, AT = 2.536069, CG = 1.274615, CT = 22.136727, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 1.022746. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of, which 2564 were constant, 288 parsimony-informative and 169 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of six equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 735 steps (CI = 0.727, RI = 0.750, RC = 0.545, HI = 0.273) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue GenBank numbers: ITS: MG829153, LSU: MG829061, SSU: MG829166, TEF: MG829233. Notes: During our investigation on diversity of camarosporium-like fungi in Russia, an isolate was collected from Ptelea trifoliata in the Rostov Region of Russia. Morphological characters such as pycnidial, globose conidiomata, ampulliform conidiogenous cells and brown muriform conidia (Fig. 30), fit well within the species concept of Camarosporium. DNA sequence analyses from the ribosomal and protein genes confirm that our new taxon belongs in Didymosphaeriaceae with a particular close relationship with Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae (MFLUCC 13-0532) and P. corni (MFLUCC 13-0541) (Clade B, Fig. 23). Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae, P. corni and our new isolate are morphologically almost similar in conidial dimensions. However, in a comparison of the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides with these three strains reveals 11 (2.46%) differences that justifies the establishment of a new taxon (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Also, this is the first record of a camarosporium-like taxon 123 40 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 21 Neoascochyta rosicola (MFLU 15-1046, holotype). a On spines of Rosa canina. b Close up of conidiomata. c Vertical section through the conidioma wall. d Partial conidioma wall. e–g Developing stages of conidiogenous cells. i–k Conidia. Scale bar: b = 500 lm, c = 200 lm, d = 20 lm, e–k = 5 lm from Ptelea (Rutaceae). We introduce our new isolate (MFLUCC 17-0724) as a new species, Pseudocamarosporium pteleae. outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled, cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia 14–17 9 6–9 lm ( x = 15.5 9 7.1 lm; n = 20), oval, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, with 3 transverse septa, with 1-longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to blackish-brown. Known distribution: On Ulmus minor, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province [FC], Teodorano—Meldola, on dead aerial branches of Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae), 21 October 2016, Erio Camporesi IT 3134 (MFLU 16-2707, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0671. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828951, LSU: MG829062, SSU: MG829167. Notes: During our investigation on diversity of camarosporium-like fungi in Italy, an isolate was collected from Ulmus minor species in Forli-Cesena Province. Morphological characters such as pycnidial, globose Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554135; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03973; Fig. 29. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host species Ulmus minor. Holotype: MFLU 16-2707. Saprobic on dead branches of Ulmus minor. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 200–300 lm high, 220–350 lm diam. ( x = 235.5 9 264.1 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole central, long, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 10–15 lm wide at the base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2 layers, 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 41 Fig. 22 Paraconiothyrium rosae (MFLU 15-1115, holotype). a Conidiomata on spike of host. b–c Close-up of conidiomata. d Cross section of conidiomata. e Peridium. f–g Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, c = 200 lm, b, d = 100 lm, e–h = 10 lm conidiomata, ampulliform conidiogenous cells and brown muriform conidia (Fig. 29), fit well within the species concept of Camarosporium. DNA sequence analyses from the ribosomal and protein genes confirm that our new taxon belongs to Pseudocamarosporium in Didymosphaeriaceae. Our new isolate (MFLUCC 17-0671) shares a close relationship with Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae (MFLUCC 13-0532), P. corni (MFLUCC 13-0541) and P. pteleae (MFLUCC 17-0724) (Clade B, Fig. 23). In a comparison of the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides of these four strains reveals[10 (2.42%), the number of differences justifies the establishment of a new taxon (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Therefore, we propose MFLUCC 17-0671 as a new species in Pseudocamarosporium. Pseudopithomyces Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75: 64 (2015) Notes: Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Pseudopithomyces to accommodate pithomyces-like taxa which group in Didymosphaeriaceae in their multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Currently there are eight species epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2017, December) i.e. Pseudopithomyces atro-olivaceus, P. chartarum, P. diversisporus, 123 42 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Didymosphareaceae 97/100/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 15-0041 Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 130349T 91/79/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 15-0043 93/95/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria angularis CBS 167.70T 100/100/1.00 A1 Paraphaeosphaeria minitans CBS 859.71 84/77/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria minitans CBS 111750 Paraphaeosphaeria 100/97/1.00 Karstenula rhodostoma CBS 690.94 91/93/1.00 Karstenula rhodostoma CBS 691.94 Clade A 93 100/99/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 17-2548 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 17-2549 80/85/1.00 A2 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 17-2547T Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola MFLUCC 15-0042T Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii CBS 100299 82/80/0.95 Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii MFLUCC 14-0023T Didymosphaeria Didymosphaeria sp. CBS 587.84 Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae MFLUCC 13-0532T Pseudocamarosporium pteleae MFLUCC 17-0724T 88/78/1.00 Pseudocamarosporium corni MFLUCC 13-0541T Pseudocamarosporium Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris MFLUCC 17-0671T Pseudocamarosporium propinquum MFLUCC 13-0544 Clade B 74/--/1.00 Pseudocamarosporium cotinae MFLUCC 14-0624T T Paracamarosporium psoraleae CPC 21632 Paracamarosporium hawaiiense CBS 120025T Paracamarosporium 87/68/1.00 Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24892 Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24890 Austropleospora archidendri CBS 168.77 Austropleospora Austropleospora osteospermi LM-2009aT 100/100/1.00 Paraconiothyrium rosae MFLU 15–1115T Paraconiothyrium estuarinum CBS 109850T Paraconiothyrium Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides CBS 972.95T Clade C T Paraconiothyrium fungicola CBS 113269 Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis KUMCC 16-0222T Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis YG-S55 Pseudopithomyces chartarum UTHSC 03-2472 99/99/1.00 Pseudopithomyces Pseudopithomyces chartarum UTHSC 04-678 Pseudopithomyces sp. MUCL 4329 96/91/-Clade D Pseudopithomyces sp. MUCL 15905 Pseudopithomyces rosae MFLUCC 15-0035T 77/75/-- Phaeodothis winteri CBS 182.58 Paraconiothyrium tiliae CBS 265.94 Didymocrea sadasivanii CBS 438.65T 99/96/0.97 Tremateia guiyangensis GZAAS01T 82/--/0.98 100/100/1.00 Tremateia arundicola MFLU 16-1275T Tremateia 98/76/-Tremateia halophila JK 5517J T Bimuria novae-zelandiae CBS 107.79 Bimuria 100/100/1.00 Deniquelata barringtoniae MFLUCC 11-0257T Deniquelata Deniquelata barringtoniae MFLUCC 11-0422 Neokalmusia scabrispora KT 2202 63/60/0.98 Neokalmusia Neokalmusia brevispora KT 2313T Neokalmusia didymospora MFLUCC 11-0613T 99/99/1.00 Spegazzinia deightonii yone 212 100/100/1.00 Spegazzinia Spegazzinia sp. yone 279 Spegazzinia tessarthra SH 287 100/100/1.00 Montagnula scabiosae MFLUCC 14-0954T 68/81/-Montagnula cirsii MFLUCC 13-0680 69/75/0.97 Montagnula bellevaliae MFLUCC 14-0924T Montagnula opulenta CBS 168.34 99/95/1.00 Montagnula Montagnula aloes CPC 19671T Munkovalsaria appendiculata CBS 109027T T 100/100/1.00 Montagnula saikhuensis MFLUCC 16-0315 Munkovalsaria donacina HVVV01 T Montagnula graminicola MFLUCC 13-0352 100/100/1.00 Paramassariosphaeria clematidicola MFLU 16-0172T Paramassariosphaeria Paramassariosphaeria anthostomoides CBS 615.86 Verrucoconiothyrium Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae CBS 119209 Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0148 T 99/94/0.99 Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0150 Letendraea Letendraea padouk CBS485.70 Letendraea helminthicola CBS 884.85 100/100/1.00 Laburnicola muriformis MFLUCC 16-0290T 100/100/1.00 Laburnicola muriformis MFLUCC 14-0921 Laburnicola Laburnicola hawksworthii MFLUCC 13-0602T 100/100/1.00 Alloconiothyrium aptrootii CBS 981.95 81/--/1.00 Alloconiothyrium Alloconiothyrium aptrootii CBS 980.95T Xenocamarosporium Xenocamarosporium acaciae CPC 24755T 100/100/1.00 Kalmusia italica MFLUCC 14-0560T 65/96/0.95 Kalmusia variisporum CBS 121517T Kalmusia Kalmusia ebuli CBS 123120T Kalmusia spartii MFLUCC 13-0352T Pleospora herbarum CBS 191.86T 100/--/1.00 Pleospora herbarum IT 956 Pleosporaceae (Outgroup) 0.03 Pleospora tarda CBS 714.68 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 23 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of Didymosphaeriaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Wanasinghe et al. (2016), Hyde et al. (2017). Eighty-two strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3298 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Pleospora herbarum and P. tarda are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 15390.869797 is presented. The matrix had 1026 distinct alignment patterns, with 37.95% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.241986, C = 0.241676, G= 0.274266, T = 0.242072; substitution rates AC = 1.293418, AG = 2.161965, AT = 1.324360, CG = 0.914128, CT = 7.206408, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.502180. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 3298 characters, which 2494 were constant, 601 parsimony-informative and 203 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of six equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 2088 steps (CI = 0.505, RI = 0.738, RC = 0.372, HI = 0.495) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue P. karoo, P. kunmingnensis, P. maydicus, P. palmicola and P. sacchari. In this study, we introduce a further species, Pseudopithomyces rosae. Pseudopithomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554136; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03974; Fig. 30. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0109. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph. Colonies effuse, dark brown to black. Conidiophores 7–9 9 4–7 lm ( x = 7 9 5 lm, n = 30), micronematous, mononemous, closely packed, hyaline, thin-walled, septate, smooth, flexuous. Conidiogenous cells 3–5 9 2–4 lm ( x = 4.5 9 3.2 lm, n = 20), holoblastic, terminal, hyaline, globose or subglobose. Conidia 13–30 9 9–20 lm ( x = 24 9 14 lm, n = 40), muriform, with 3-transverse septate and 1 longitudinal septum, verruculose to echinulate, ovoid, thin-walled, pale brown to dark brown. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Raggio di Santa Sofia, dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 7 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2155 (MFLU 18-0109, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0035. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828953, LSU: MG829064, SSU: MG829168. 43 Notes: Pseudopithomyces rosae resembles P. chartarum (type sp.) in having micronematous, mononemous conidiophores and muriform conidia. Dimensions of the conidiophores differ as Pseudopithomyces rosae has larger (7–9 9 4–7 lm) conidiophores as compared to P. chartarum (2–591.5–2.5 lm, Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, Studies in Mycology 64: 93 (2009) Notes: The family Lentitheciaceae was introduced by Zhang et al. (2012) to accommodate massarina-like species in the suborder Massarineae and is typified by Lentithecium fluviatile (Zhang et al. 2009a, 2012; Hyde et al. 2013, 2016; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Species of Lentitheciaceae have been reported as being saprobic on herbaceous and woody plants, producing coelomycetous asexual morphs (Luo et al. 2016; Su et al. 2016). Currently, eleven genera have been reported viz. Darksidea (Knapp et al. 2015), Katumotoa, Keissleriella, Lentithecium, Murilentithecium (Wanasinghe et al. 2014a), Neoophiosphaerella (Tanaka et al. 2015), Phragmocamarosporium (Wijayawardene et al. 2015), Poaceascoma (Phookamsak et al. 2015a, b), Setoseptoria (Tanaka et al. 2015), Tingoldiago (Tanaka et al. 2015) and Towyspora (Li et al. 2016b). Keissleriella Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 128: 582 (1919) Notes: Keissleriella was introduced by Höhnel (1919) to accommodate Keissleriella aesculi as the type species. Keissleriella is characterized by ascomata with ostiolar necks filled with black setae and 1- to multi-septate, hyaline ascospores (Barr 1990; Liu et al. 2015; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Currently there are 40 associated records in Index Fungorum (34 from Lentitheciaceae) and MycoBank. In this study we introduce five novel taxa to Keissleriella which were collected from Europe (Italy and UK) (Fig. 31). Keissleriella phragmiticola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554137; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03975; Fig. 32. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Phragmites. Holotype: MFLU 17-0606. Saprobic on Phragmites communis Trinius. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–500 lm high 400–450 lm diam. ( x = 461.5 9 433.2 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semiimmersed, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate. Ostiolar neck papillate, 25–50 lm long, 3– 5 lm wide, covered with 1-celled, thick-walled, dark brown to almost black setae. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at 123 44 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 24 Sexual morph of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (MFLU 15-1042). a On spines of Rosa canina. b Close up of ascomata. c Ascoma under host epidermal tissue. d Section of ascoma. e Ostiole. f Partial part of peridium layer. The peridium comprising textura angularis. g Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, h–k Developing state of asci with short pedicels. l–o Developing state of ascospores. n Ascospore stained with Indian ink showing mucilaginous sheath. Scale bar: b–c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–g = 50 lm, h–k = 20 lm, l–p = 10 lm the base, 30–80 lm wide at the sides, thick, comprising 8– 12 layers, outer most layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed 3–5 layers, pale brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 120–160 9 16–20 lm ( x = 142.2917.4 lm, n = 40), 8- spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, short-pedicellate, rounded at the apex and with a shallow ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–50 9 7–11 lm ( x = 40.998.7 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, with 2–3 large guttules in each cell, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 45 Fig. 25 Asexual morph of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (MFLU 15-1041) a On Rosa canina. b Close up of conidiomata c Vertical section through conidioma. d Ostiolar region. e Partial conidioma wall. f–j Developing state of conidiogenous cells. k–n Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c = 50 lm, d–e = 20 lm, f–n = 5 lm Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when dry. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK. Material examined: UK, Poole, Dorset, on Phragmites sp. (Poaceae), 18 March 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ257 (MFLU 17-0606, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0779. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828904, LSU: MG829014. Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 31), Keissleriella phragmiticola nests between K. dactylidicola (MFLUCC 13-0886) and K. yonaguniensis (KT 2604) with low bootstrap support. Keissleriella phragmiticola is similar to K. dactylidicola in having brown to dark brown ascomata comprising dark brown setae, cylindrical-clavate asci and broadly fusiform, hyaline ascospores (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). It can be distinguished from K. dactylidicola in having longer asci (120–160 9 16–20 lm) and ascospores (35–50 9 7–11 lm), whereas, K. dactylidicola has comparatively shorter asci (60–80 9 8–10 lm) and ascospores (15–19 9 123 46 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 26 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae (MFLU 17-2640, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata. c Vertical section of conidioma. d, e Conidiogenous cells. f–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f = 10 lm, g–j = 5 lm 4–5 lm) (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Keissleriella yonaguniensis differs from K. phragmiticola in having yellow, cylindrical, 5-septate ascospores (Tanaka et al. 2015), whereas K. phragmiticola has hyaline, broadly fusiform, 1-septate ascospores (Fig. 32). 123 Keissleriella rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553940, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03976, Fig. 33 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 47 Fig. 27 Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola (MFLU 18-0108, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of conidiomata under the epidermal tissue. d Vertical section of conidioma. e Ostiole. f Partial part of peridium layer. g–j Developing stages of conidia. k– p Conidia. Scale bars: c= 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–f = 50 lm, g–j = 5 lm, k–p = 10 lm Holotype: MFLU 15-2330 Saprobic on dead spine of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 202–215 lm high 9 330–348 lm diam. ( x = 209 9 339 lm, n = 5) superficial and flat at the base, globose to subglobose, uniloculate, solitary or scattered on the host surface, visible as slightly raised, small, black dots on the host surface, ostiole in the central containing brown to dark brown setae. Peridium 15–21 lm wide, composing several layers of irregular cells arranged in a textura angularis, brown to dark brown. Hamathecium comprising 1–3.5 lm wide, massive, long cylindrical, cellular, anastomosed, hyaline, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–101 9 11–16 lm ( x = 73 9 14 lm, n = 10), 6–8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, rounded at the apex, thick-walled, with a minute ocular chamber, long with club-shaped pedicel. Ascospores 18–22 9 5–8 lm ( x = 20 9 7 lm, n = 15), fusiform, overlapping bi-seriate, hyaline, constricted at the median septa, 1-septate at the centre, straight or slightly curved, swollen with guttules in cell, hyaline, surrounded by thin mucilaginous sheath, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA at 16 °C reaching 9 cm in two weeks, circular, with entire edge, yellow-white mycelium, raised on the media. 123 48 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 28 Pseudocamarosporium pteleae (MFLU 16-1680, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata. c Vertical section of conidioma. d, e Conidiogenous cells. f–h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–l = 5 lm Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Teodorano, Meldola, spine of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 9 December 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT2297 (MFLU 15-2330, holotype); living culture, MFLUCC 15-0089). ibid. (HKAS94612 bis, paratypes). GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828905, LSU: MG829017, SSU: MG829124. Notes: Keissleriella rosarum was found on a dead spine of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). Based on both morphology and phylogeny analysis, our species grouped with Keissleriella spiticola (hyaline muriform ascospores) (Liu et al. 2015). Keissleriella rosarum shares some similar characters with K. spiticola in having globose to subglobose 123 ascomata with dark brown setae and cylindric-clavate asci. It differs in having 1-septate, hyaline ascospores, whereas, K. spiticola has ascospores with 4–5 septa, and 1–3 vertical septa which are initially hyaline and become yellowish at maturity (Liu et al. 2015). Coupled with morphological and molecular data, we introduce the new species, Keissleriella rosarum. Keissleriella rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553943, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03815, Fig. 34 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 49 Fig. 29 Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris (MFLU 16-2707, holotype). a–c Appearance of conidiomata on host. d Vertical section of conidioma. e–g Conidiogenous cells. h–m Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–m = 10 lm Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1397 Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 225–228 lm high, 230–250 lm diam., scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent through host tissue, becoming superficial, visible as abundant, small black dots on the host surface, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, with dark brown setae of 30–40 9 3–3.5 lm around the ostiole. Peridium 18–30 lm wide, thin-walled, of equal thickness, composed of 5–7 layers of dark brown, broadly pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis to textura globulosa. Hamathecium composed of numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, cellular 123 50 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 30 Pseudopithomyces rosae (MFLU 18-0109, holotype). a, b On spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of colonies on surface of host. d– h Developing state of conidia. i–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d-m = 10 lm pseudoparaphyses, with distinct septa, embedded in mucilaginous matrix. Asci 75–85 lm high, 11–15 lm diam ( x = 80 9 14 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric clavate, subsessile to short pedicellate, apically rounded, with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–24 9 5–7 lm ( x = 21 9 6 lm), overlapping 1–2 seriate, phragmosporous, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, initially hyaline to pale yellowish, becoming light brown to brown or yellowish-brown at maturity, initially forming one median septum, becoming 3–5-septate at maturity, slightly curved, constricted at the septa, smooth and thin–walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characters: Colonies grow on PDA reaching 2 cm diam after 2 weeks at 18 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, smooth, margin irregular, off white after 2 weeks, reverse pale brown layers to dark brown 123 layers, flat on the surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 25 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT–2258 (MFLU 15-1397; holotype), ex-type living cultures, MFLUCC 15-0180. GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829016, SSU: MG922549. Notes: Keissleriella rosae is typical of Keissleriella in its ostiolar neck having short dark setae (Munk 1953; Tanaka et al. 2015). Keissleriella rosae is a distinct species in the genus, supported by molecular and morphological characteristics. Keissleriella rosae clustered as sister to K. cirsii and K. taminensis with 99% ML and 1.00 BYPP bootstrap support (Fig. 31). Keissleriella rosae differs from K. cirsii and K. taminensis in having yellow to brown Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 ascospores without a mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Keissleriella rosacearum Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554138; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03977; Fig. 35. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1044. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 165– 240 lm high 9 145–254 lm diam. ( x = 181 9 179 lm, n = 10), black, immersed, solitary or gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate. Ostiole papillate, 31– 56 lm long, 29–50 lm wide, covered with 1-celled, thickwalled, reddish-brown to blackish-brown setae. Peridium 8–30 lm wide at the base, comprising 2 layers, outer most layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm (n = 50) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 56–120 9 10–14 lm ( x = 71 9 11 lm, n = 50), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, pedicellate, rounded at the apex and with a shallow ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–25 9 5–6 lm ( x = 20 9 6 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with 3 septa, median septum nearly primary, constricted at the septum, pale-brown, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, guttulate, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when dry. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: Italy, Province of Forli‘-Cesena [FC], near Monte Fumaiolo, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 23 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2194 (MFLU 15-1044, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0045. GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829015, SSU: MG829123. Notes: Based on combined multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, Keissleriella rosacearum nests with other Keissleriella species with low bootstrap support (Fig. 31). Keissleriella rosacearum shares some similar characters with K. rosarum in having clavate to cylindrical asci and fusiform, guttulate ascospores with a thick mucilaginous sheath. It differs from K. rosarum in having 3-septate, pale brown ascospores (18–25 9 5–6 lm), whereas K. rosarum has 1-septate, hyaline ascospores (18–22 9 5–8 lm). Murilentithecium Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (4): 330 (2014) Notes: Murilentithecium was introduced by Wanasinghe et al. (2014) to accommodate M. clematidis. 51 Murilentithecium is characterized by ascospores whose central cells have longitudinal septa, with light end cells, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, a thick peridium and a short neck. In this study, we introduce Murilentithecium rosae as a new species. Murilentithecium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554139; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03978; Fig. 36. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1043. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 97–201 lm high 9 181–270 lm diam ( x = 135 9 225 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host tissues, partly erumpent, unilocular, with apapillate ostioles. Ostiole central, filled with hyaline or brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 9–30 lm wide at the sides, up to 35 lm wide at the apex comprising 2 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thickwalled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 4–12 9 3–9 lm ( x = 7 9 6 lm; n = 30), blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 15–17 9 7–9 lm ( x = 16 9 8 lm, n = 40), oval, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, with 3 transverse septa, and 1–2 longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth-walled, yellowish-brown to dark brown. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: Italy, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena Province, near Monte Fumaiolo, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 23 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2192 (MFLU 15-1043, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0044. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828920, LSU: MG829030, SSU: MG829137. Notes: Murilentithecium rosae shares some similar morphological characters with the asexual morph of M. clematidis in having pycnidial, immersed, uniloculate conidiomata, blastic, phialidic, hyaline conidiogenous cells and muriform conidia. Murilentithecium rosae can be distinguished from M. clematidis in having conidia with 3 transverse septa, and 1–2 longitudinal septa (15–17 9 7–9 lm), whereas M. clematidis has conidia with 3-5 transverse septa, and 2–5 longitudinal septa (13–18 9 5–8 lm). Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 31), Murilentithecium rosae is basal to M. clematidis with strong bootstrap support (78% ML, 1.00 BYPP). 123 52 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Keissleriella breviasca KT 649 Keissleriella breviasca KT 581 Keissleriella breviasca KT 540 Keissleriella quadriseptata KT 2292 Keissleriella trichophoricola CBS 136770 94/1.00 Keissleriella gloeospora KT 829 Keissleriella poagena CBS 136767 62/-61/0.95 Keissleriella culmifida KT 2308 Clade A Keissleriella culmifida KT 2642 Keissleriella sp. KT 895 Keissleriella sp. SC-2015 60/0.95 99/1.00 Keissleriella taminensis KT 594 98/1.00 Keissleriella taminensis KT 678 99/1.00 Keissleriella taminensis KT 571 100/1.00 Keissleriella rosae MFLUCC 15-0180 Keissleriella cirsii MFLUCC 16-0454 95/-- Pleurophoma ossicola CPC 24985 60/-Pleurophoma ossicola CBS 139905 Pleurophoma italica MFLUCC 15-0061 Clade B 68/-Keissleriella genistae CBS 113798 66/-- Pleurophoma pleurospora CBS 130329 Pleurophoma pleurospora MFLU 17-0174 Keissleriella rosacearum MFLUCC 15-0045 Keissleriella sp. MFLUCC 15 0117 Keissleriella rosarum MFLUCC 15-0089 69/-- Keissleriella sparticola MFLUCC 14-0196 Keissleriella sp. MFLUCC 15 0118 Clade C Keissleriella cladophila CBS 104.55 Keissleriella pleurospora CBS 116668 Keissleriella dactylidicola MFLUCC 13-0866 Keissleriella phragmiticola MFLUCC 17-0779 Keissleriella yonaguniensis KT 2604 91/-- Murilentithecium clematidis MFLUCC 14-0562 78/1.00 Murilentithecium clematidis MFLUCC 14-0561 Clade D 75/0.99 Murilentithecium rosae MFLUCC 15-0044 70/1.00 Phragmocamarosporium platani MFLUCC 14-1191 Phragmocamarosporium hederae MFLUCC 13-0552 Clade E Phragmocamarosporium rosae MFLUCC 17-0797 Setoseptoria arundinacea KT 552 Setoseptoria arundinacea KT 600 Setoseptoria arundelensis MFLUCC 17-0759 Stagonospora macropycnidia CBS 114202 Lentithecium aquaticum CBS 123099 Setoseptoria englandensis MFLUCC 17-0778 Clade F Setoseptoria phragmitis CBS 114966 98/1.00 Setoseptoria phragmitis CBS 114802 60/0.95 76/0.97 Setoseptoria arundinacea CBS 123131 Setoseptoria arundinacea CBS 619.86 Setoseptoria magniarundinacea KT 1174 Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis MFLU 18-0110 100/1.00 Poaceascoma aquaticum strain MFLUCC 14-0048 Poaceascoma helicoides MFLUCC 11-0136 Towyspora aestuari MFLUCC 15-1274 84/1.00 Neoophiosphaerella sasicola KT 1706 Katumotoa bambusicola KT 1517a 100/1.00 100/1.00 Tingoldiago graminicola KH 68 98/1.00 Tingoldiago graminicola KT 891 Tingoldiago graminicola KH 155 Lentithecium fluviatile CBS 123090 60/-Lentithecium fluviatile CBS 122367 100/1.00 Lentithecium lineare IFRD 2008 Lentithecium pseudoclioninum KT 1111 Lentithecium pseudoclioninum KT 1113 100/1.00 Lentithecium clionina KT 1149A Lentithecium clionina KT 1220 60/1.00 99/1.00 Lentithecium unicellulare MD 6004 Lentithecium unicellulare MD 6005 61/0.96 Lentithecium voraginesporum MD 1342 Lentithecium cangshanense HKAS84021 --/0.97 Lentithecium sp. MUT 4420 99/1.00 Darksidea delta CBS 135638 91/1.00 Darksidea epsilon CBS 135658 100/1.00 Darksidea beta CBS 135637 61/-Darksidea gamma CBS 135634 100/1.00 Darksidea alpha CBS 135650 Darksidea zeta CBS 135640 100/1.00 Massarina eburnea H 3953 100/1.00 Massarinaceae (Outgroup) Massarina eburnea CBS 473.64 0.02 Massarina cisti CBS 266.62 87/1.00 Lentitheciaceae 64/1.00 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 31 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of taxa of Lentitheciaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tibpromma et al. (2017). Seventy-nine strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3419 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Massarina cisti and M. eburnea are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 16299.988949 is presented. The matrix had 871 distinct alignment patterns, with 26.22% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.240498, C = 0.246460, G= 0.273207, T = 0.239836; substitution rates AC = 1.460843, AG = 2.602267, AT = 1.809861, CG = 1.675725, CT = 9.171966, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.488276. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Phragmocamarosporium Wijayaw., Yong Wang bis & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (2): 5 (2015) Notes: The genus Phragmocamarosporium was introduced by Wijayawardene et al. (2015) to accommodate species which have conspicuous phragmospores and is typified by Phragmocamarosporium platani. Currently, two Phragmocamarosporium species have been reported viz. Phragmocamarosporium hederae and P. platani (Index Fungorum 2017). In this study, we introduce another new species, Phragmocamarosporium rosae. Phragmocamarosporium rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554140; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03979; Fig. 37. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0656. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 120–200 lm diam., 60– 100 lm high ( x = 158.3 9 82.1 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, immersed, erumpent, solitary, globose, unilocular, black, with a long neck. Pycnidial wall 10–20 lm wide, multi– layered, with 3-5 outer layers of brown–walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer hyaline. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 1–3 9 1–2.5 lm, blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 8–10 9 3.5–4.5 lm ( x = 9.3 9 4 lm; n = 20), oblong, mostly straight, occasionally slightly curved, muriform, with 3 transverse septa and 1-longitudinal septum, continuous, initially hyaline, later becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, narrowly rounded at both ends, smooth-walled. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam. after 3 weeks at 16 °C, dense mycelium, circular, margin rough, white at first, greenish white 53 after 3 weeks, flat or effuse on the surface. Hyphae septate branched, hyaline. Known distribution: On Rosa, UK. Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ310F (MFLU 17-0656, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0797. GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829051, SSU: MG829156, TEF: MG829225. Notes: The morphological characters of Phragmocamarosporium rosae fit into the generic concept of Phragmocamarosporium in having conspicuous phragmospores. Phragmocamarosporium rosae is different from P. platani (type species) in having smaller conidia (8–10 9 3.5–4.5 lm), while P. platani has comparatively larger conidia (12–13 9 5–7.5 lm) (Wijayawardene et al. 2015). It can also be distinguished from P. hederae in having shorter conidiogenous cells (1–3 9 1–2.5 lm), as compared to P. hederae (8–10 9 1.5–2.5 lm) (Wijayawardene et al. 2015). Pleurophoma Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 123: 117 (1914) Notes: The genus Pleurophoma which is based on P. pleurospora (De Gruyter et al. 2009) lacks any known sexual morph (De Gruyter et al. 2010). Currently, nine Pleurophoma species have been accepted viz. P. acaciae, P. arabidis, P. italica, P. latvica, P. ossicola, P. phyllachorivora, P. rubi, P. salicina and P. socialis (Index Fungorum 2017; Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Pleurophoma pleurospora (Sacc.) Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.naturw. Klasse Abt. I 123: 117 (1914) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03980; Fig. 38. Saprobic on dead twigs and branches of Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 150–220 lm high, 100–200 lm diam ( x = 180.8 9 150.9 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, with inconspicuous ostiole. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 10– 25 lm wide heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, phialidic with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation (inconspicuous), branched. Conidia 4–6 9 1.5–2 lm ( x = 5.5 9 2 lm; 123 54 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 32 Keissleriella phragmiticola (MFLU 17-0606, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on the natural host surface. c Vertical section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f Apical setae of ascoma. g–i Asci. j–o Ascospores (o indicates gelatinous sheath in Indian ink). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–i = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, j–o = 10 lm n = 20), solitary, subcylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, smoothwalled, mostly straight, granular with obtuse ends. Known distribution: On Rosa, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Xojikent Village, Ugam Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on dead branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 10 March 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YGOq107–1 (TASM 6115) MFLU 17-0174 GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828944, LSU: MG829054, SSU: MG829159, TEF: MG829226. Notes: Pleurophoma pleurospora was introduced by Höhnel (1914). Isolate CBS 130329, is identified as the lectotype strain of Pleurophoma pleurospora (Tanaka et al. 2015). In this study one of our new isolates, TASM 6115 grouped with this isolate as a monophyletic clade. There is only LSU sequence data (GenBank JF740327) available for CBS 130329 and there were no differences out of 855 bp comparison with this LSU strain and TASM 6115. Therefore, we treat our new isolate as a Pleurophoma pleurospora strain and this is the first record of P. pleurospora on Rosa species. The ascospores of this fungus failed to 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 55 Fig. 33 Keissleriella rosarum (MFLU 15-2330, holotype). a Appearance of psuedoclypeus on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Section of peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Ascus. g– i Ascospores. j, k Colony on MEA. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b = 100 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 2 lm, e, f = 20 lm, g–i = 5 lm germinate and grow in culture and we extracted DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Notes: Setoseptoria was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) to accommodate saprobic Septoria-like coelomycetes having setose conidiomata and is typified by S. phragmitis on Phragmites. The sexual morph is yet to be confirmed (Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Currently three species are listed in Index Fungorum (2017) viz. Setoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 382 (2013) 123 56 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 34 Keissleriella rosae (MFLU 15-1397, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host surface. c Section through ascoma. d Peridium. e Ostiole. f Seta. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–k Asci. l-n Ascospores. o Germinated spore. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d= 20 lm, e = 30 lm, f= 10 lm, g-k = 20 lm, l–o = 10 lm Setoseptoria arundinacea, S. magniarundinacea and S. phragmitis and most recently, S. scirpi was introduced by Hyde et al. (2017). Index Fungorum number: IF554141; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03981; Fig. 39. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of Arundel River from where the species was collected. Holotype: MFLU 17-0590. Setoseptoria arundelensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–220 lm high 150–250 lm diam. ( x = 180.8 9 197.5 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate, filled with pale brown to brown cells. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base, 20– 30 lm wide at the sides, thick, multi-layered, outer most layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed 3–4 layers, pale brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–120 9 14–16 lm ( x = 106.9 9 15.1 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–32 9 4.5–5.5 lm ( x = 29.8 9 4.8 lm, n = 50), overlapping uni- to biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin (1–1.5 lm wide) mucilaginous sheath, longer at the base (5–7 lm long). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Phragmites, UK. Material examined: UK, Sussex, Arundel River, on Phragmites communis (Poaceae) growing at river side, 17 February 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ220A (MFLU 17-0590, holotype) ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0759. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828962, LSU: MG829073, SSU: MG829173. Notes: Phylogenetic results indicate that Setoseptoria arundelensis clustered with other Setoseptoria species and in particularly, it shares a close affinity to S. arundinaceae and S. macropycnidia, but with low bootstrap support. Setoseptoria arundelensis differs from S. arundinaceae in having uniloculate ascomata and ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath (longer at base), whereas, S. arundinaceae has multi-loculate ascomata and ascospores with a thin mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015). Setoseptoria englandensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554142; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03982; Fig. 40. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of England, where the species was collected. Holotype: MFLU 17-0605. Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–220 lm high, 150–250 lm diam. ( x = 164 9 162.8 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm 57 or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, filled with hyaline to pale brown cells. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, multi-layered, outer most layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer pale brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–2.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75– 85 9 9–12 lm ( x = 78.8 9 10.2 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–30 9 4–5 lm ( x = 28.9 9 4.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping uni- to biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK. Material examined: UK, England, Dorset, Poole Bay, on Phragmites communis (Poaceae), 18 March 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ256 (MFLU 17-0605, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0778. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828963, LSU: MG829074, SSU: MG829174. Notes: Setoseptoria englandensis is morphologically similar to taxa in Setoseptoria in having superficial to semiimmersed ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci and hyaline ascospores. Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 31), S. englandensis constitutes an independent lineage and phylogenetically distinct from other Setoseptoria species, but with low bootstrap support. It is interesting to note a close morphological relationship between S. englandensis and S. lulworthcovensis. This can be explained by the fact that both share almost similar morphological characteristics. But, a comparison of the 620 nucleotides across the ITS regions reveals[ 30 bp differences between S. englandensis and S. lulworthcovensis which provides further evidence to support S. englandensis as a new species (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Our phylogenetic results also confirm that despite superficial morphological resemblance, they are phylogenetically apart. Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554143; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03983; Fig. 41. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Lulworth Cove, from where the species was collected. Holotype: MFLU 18-0110. Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph: Ascomata 140–180 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. ( x = 165.1 123 58 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 35 Keissleriella rosacearum (MFLU 15-1044, holotype). a, b On spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of ascomata d. Section of ascoma. e Setae. f Section of partial peridium layer. The peridium comprising textura angularis. g Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, h– j Developing stages of asci with short pedicels. k–n Developing stages of ascospores, o Ascospore stained with Indian ink showing mucilaginous sheath. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c, d = 100 lm, f, i–j = 50 lm, e–h = 20 lm, k–o = 10 lm 9 224.2 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, filled with hyaline to pale brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10– 20 lm wide at the sides, thick, multi-layered, outer most layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, fused with host tissues, inner layer composed pale brown to hyaline, cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 30) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 50–80 9 12–16 lm ( x = 63.4 9 14.6 lm, n = 20), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–35 9 5–7 lm ( x = 31.9 9 5.7 lm, n = 30), overlapping biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin (0.5–1 lm wide) mucilaginous sheath, longer at the base (3–4 lm long). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK. Material examined: UK, Dorset, West Lulworth, Lulworth Cove, on Phragmites communis (Poaceae), 2 February 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ95B (MFLU 18-0110, holotype) GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829075, SSU: MG829175. Notes: In this study, we introduce S. lulworthcovensis as a novel species in Setoseptoria given its particular ITS base pair differences as mentioned above. Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis is phylogenetically apart from other Setoseptoria species, but with low bootstrap support. The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture and we extracted DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Lophiostomataceae Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 672 (1883) Notes: The family Lophiostomataceae was introduced by Nitschke (1869) with Lophiostoma macrostomum as the type species (Eriksson 1981; Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009). Lophiostomataceae species are characterized by immersed to erumpent, carbonaceous to coriaceous ascomata, with rounded or slit-like ostioles, with a small to large, compressed, crest-like apex and fusiform or ellipsoid 59 to fusiform, 1 to multi-septate, or muriform ascospores (Thambugala et al. 2015). Most members of this family are saprobic and occur mainly on twigs, stems or bark of various woody plants and herbaceous plants in both terrestrial and aquatic environments (Hyde et al. 2013; Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Thambugala et al. 2015). Thambugala et al. (2015) provided a broad revision of this family and accepted 16 genera, including eleven newly introduced genera. A phylogenetic backbone to the family is provided in this paper (Fig. 42). Coelodictyosporium Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 218 (2015) Notes: Coelodictyosporium was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2015) to accommodate species having dictyosporous conidia similar to Dictyosporium in their asexual morphs. Coelodictyosporium is typified by C. pseudodictyosporium which was introduced by Liu et al. (2015) as Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium. Two Coelodictyosporium species currently have been accepted viz. C. pseudodictyosporium and C. muriforme (Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Coelodictyosporium rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554144; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03984; Fig. 43 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0603. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300– 400 lm high 200–300 lm diam. ( x = 328.9 9 260.6 lm, n = 10), scattered to gregarious, immersed, coriaceous, dark brown to black, surrounded by a small blackened pseudoclypeus, subglobose to conical, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, central, with a reduced crest and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 30–70 lm wide, wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, composed of two strata, outer stratum comprising several layers with dark brown to black, somewhat flattened cells of textura angularis, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues, inner stratum comprising several layers with lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–120 9 11– 13 lm ( x = 106 9 11.9 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–32 9 5–7 lm ( x= 27.5 9 6.2 lm, n = 30), uniseriate to bi-seriate, overlapping, hyaline, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, 1-septate, with large guttules, constricted at the septum, region above central septum widest, smooth-walled, guttulate with a thin 123 60 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 36 Murilentithecium rosae (MFLU 15-1043, holotype) a, b. On spines of Rosa canina. c. Close up of conidioma erumpent on host surface. d. Vertical section of conidioma. e. Ostiole. f. Section of partial peridium layer. g–j. Developing stages of conidia. k–p. Developing stages of conidia. Scale bars: b–d = 200 lm, e–f = 50 lm, g-j = 10 lm, k–p = 10 lm mucilaginous sheath drawn out at the ends (5–8 lm long). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, UK. Material examined: UK, Hampshire New Forest Brockenhurst, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 April 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ254 (MFLU 17-0603, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0776. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828875, LSU: MG828991, SSU: MG829102, TEF: MG829195. Notes: Phylogenetic results indicate that Coelodictyosporium rosarum clustered with C. muriforme, the type species with high bootstrap support. This is the second sexual morph species described in this genus. Morphologically, it differs from C. muriforme in having hyaline, 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 61 Fig. 37 Phragmocamarosporium rosae (MFLU 17-0656, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host species. c Vertical section of conidioma. d–f Conidiogenous cells. g, h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d–f = 5 lm, g, h = 10 lm 1-septate ascospores surrounded by thin mucilaginous sheath. But, C. muriforme has distinct yellowish brown, 5–6 transversely septate ascospores with a thick mucilaginous sheath. Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(4): 219 (1863) Notes: Lophiostoma was introduced by Cesati and De Notaris (1863) with L. macrostomum as its type species 123 62 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 38 Pleurophoma pleurospora (TASM 6115). a Appearance of conidiomata. b Vertical section of conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b = 100 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm (Tanaka and Harada 2003; Hyde et al. 2013). Members of Lophiostoma are characterized by immersed to erumpent ascomata with a crest-like papilla or a slit-like ostiole, an unequally thick peridium, clavate asci, and hyaline to deep brown, multi-septate or even muriform ascospores with terminal appendages (Zhang et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2013). Lophiostoma species are cosmopolitan in distribution since they have been recorded from terrestrial (Tanaka and Harada 2003), marine (Hyde et al. 2002) and freshwater habitats (Luo et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2009b). Lophiostoma rosae Tennakoon, Gafforov & K.D Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554145; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03985; Fig. 44. 123 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6105 Saprobic on dead branches of Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450–550 lm high, 300–350 lm diam., solitary or scattered, semi-immersed, papilla erumpent through host surface, black, subglobose to globose, coriaceous to carbonaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, up to 190–210 lm long and 80–90 lm wide, central, papillate, periphysate, with a crest-like apex and pore-like opening, plugged by a gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 34–40 lm wide, wider at the apex and thinner at the base, comprising lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium composed of dense, 1–1.5 lm wide, filamentous, septate, branched, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing at the apex, Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 63 Fig. 39 Setoseptoria arundelensis (MFLU 17-0590, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c, d Sections of ascomata. e Pseudoparaphyses and fissitunicate asci. f Asci. g–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c, d = 100 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm, f = 20 lm 123 64 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 40 Setoseptoria englandensis (MFLU 17-0605, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores (l indicates gelatinous sheath in Indian ink). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, i–l = 10 lm embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci (96–)98–110(–112) 9 (9–)10–14(–14.5) lm ( x = 103 9 12.5 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 9 5–6 lm ( x = 22.5 9 5.5 lm, n = 30), overlapping, 1–2-seriate, fusiform, ends acute, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, slightly curved, 6–7 septate, constricted at the central 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 septum, cell above central septum slightly swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with appendages at both ends (3.2–4.1 lm). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy River, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and dead branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 07 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov, YG-B43-1 (TASM 6105, holotype), ibid., (MFLU 17-0171; isotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828908, LSU: MG829018, SSU: MG829125, TEF: MG829205. Notes: Phylogenetic analyses of combined genes (LSU, SSU, TEF and ITS) indicate that Lophiostoma rosae clustered with other species of Lophiostoma and in particular it shares a close affinity to L. multiseptatum. Morphologically, Lophiostoma rosae shares some similarities with L. multiseptatum in having semi-immersed ascomata with a slit-like ostiole and narrowly fusiform, yellowish brown ascospores with appendages at both ends (Thambugala et al. 2015). However, comparatively it differs from L. multiseptatum in having larger ascomata (450–550 9 300–350 lm) with a periphysate ostiole and mostly curved smaller ascospores (22.5 9 5.5 lm). The cell above central septum is slightly swollen in Lophiostoma rosae, but in L. multiseptatum there is a distinct widest cell above the central septum. The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Neopaucispora Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554146; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03986. Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the similarity to Paucispora. Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, immersed or semi erumpent, coriaceous, black, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, central, with a crest-like papilla, with an irregular, pore-like opening. Peridium wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, composed of several layers with brown to black cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter and at the outside, darker, sometimes fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, with a long pedicel, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uni- to biseriate, hyaline to dark brown, middle two cells mostly brown, ellipsoidal to fusiform, 1–3-septate, constricted at the septa, mostly constricted at middle septum, prominently guttulate, lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. 65 Type: Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Paucispora was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2015) to accommodate Lophiostoma quadrisporum and L. versicolor. Paucispora is characterized by unusual features, such as 2(–4)-spored asci and hyaline to reddishbrown ascospores (Hirayama et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2015). Phylogenetic analysis of the combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF data set reveal that our novel taxon clusters independently in Lophiostomataceae. Our novel taxon includes different morphological characters from other members of Lophiostomataceae, in having 3-septate, fusiform, hyaline to reddish-brown ascospores and mostly brown central cells with prominent guttules. Therefore, Neopaucispora is introduced here as a new genus in Lophiostomataceae. Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554147; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03987; Fig. 45. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6108. Saprobic on Rosa ecae. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450– 600 lm high 400–500 lm diam. ( x = 545.3 9 447.8 lm, n = 10), scattered to gregarious, superficial to semi erumpent, coriaceous, dark brown to black, subglobose to conical, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, central, with a reduced crest and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 50–80 lm wide, wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, composed of two strata, outer stratum comprising several layers with dark brown to black, somewhat flattened cells of textura angularis, partially fused to the host tissues, inner stratum comprising several layers with lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 100–130 9 15– 25 lm ( x = 115.9 9 19.1 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–35 9 8–10 lm ( x = 32.7 9 9.3 lm, n = 30), uniseriate to biseriate, overlapping, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, 3-septate, initially hyaline, reddish brown when matured, middle two cells are mostly brown, pale end cells, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly curved, region above central septum widest, a large guttule in each cell, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa ecae, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Qizilnaur village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa ecae (Rosaceae), 123 66 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 41 Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis (MFLU 18-0110, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole and peridium cells. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, h–k = 10 lm, f, g = 20 lm 14 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov, YG-S88-1 (TASM 6108, holotype); MFLU 17-0121, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0807. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828924, LSU: MG829033, SSU: MG829139, TEF: MG829217. Notes: Neopaucispora rosaecae bears a close morphological similarity with Paucispora versicolor in having semi-immersed ascomata with slit-like ostioles, cylindricclavate asci and 3-septate, reddish-brown ascospores with pale end cells. Neopaucispora rosaecae, however, can be easily distinguished as it is characterised by fusiform ascospores with narrow, acute ends, slightly curved and 8-spored asci, whereas in P. versicolor they are ellipsoidal, straight ascospores with 2(–4)-spored asci. Sigarispora Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 238 (2015) Sigarispora was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2015) and is typified by S. ravennica. Sigarispora is characterized by having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, a small crest-like ostiole, and brown, cigar-shaped or ellipsoidalfusiform, multi-septate or muriform ascospores. Currently, seven species have been recorded viz. S. arundinis, S. caudata, S. caulium, S. coronillae, S. muliformis, S. ononidis and S. ravennica (Index Fungorum 2017). Sigarispora caryophyllacearum Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554148; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03988; Fig. 46. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant family Caryophyllaceae, from one of species of which the fungal species was isolated. Holotype: MFLU 18-0111. Saprobic on Caryophyllaceae sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 420–500 lm high, 400–500 lm diam. ( x = 469.1 9 454.9 lm, n = 10), solitary, semi-immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 100–160 lm long and 50–80 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a porelike opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 20–50 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thickwalled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing 67 and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–3 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9 10–12 lm (x = 109.4 9 11.4 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 7–8.5 lm (x = 33.6 9 7.7 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrowly rounded ends, mostly curved, 5–9-septate, constricted at the septa, guttulate, smoothwalled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On unknown plant of Caryophyllaceae family, Russia (European part, Crimea). Material examined: RUSSIA, Republic of Crimea, Feodosia City Municipality, Tepe-Oba ridge, steppe on slopes, on dead stems of unidentified plant (Caryophyllaceae), 23 June 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov CR-025 (MFLU 18-0111, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0749. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828964, LSU: MG829076, SSU: MG829176, TEF: MG829238. Notes: Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence data indicate that Sigarispora caryophyllinicola has a close affinity with S. muriformis (Fig. 42). Morphologically, S. caryophyllinicola shares some similar characters with S. muriformis in having semiimmersed and subglobose ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci and yellowish-brown ascospores. However, S. muriformis can easily be distinguished from S. caryophyllinicola in having ellipsoidal, muriform ascospores with 5–8 transverse septa and 2–3 longitudinal septa, while S. caryophyllinicola has fusiform, rounded ends to the ascospores with 5–9 transverse septa. The size of ascomata, asci and ascospores of the different species is compared in Table 1. Sigarispora caulium (Fr.) Thambug., Wanas., Kaz. Tanaka & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 238 (2015) Facesoffungi number: FoF 03992; Fig. 47. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 159– 210 lm high 9 197–234 lm diam. ( x = 205 9 210 lm, n = 5), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, up to 100–230 lm long and 80–100 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crestlike apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 21–35 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, carbonaceous, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and 123 68 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 100/97/1.00 Sigarispora caulium MAFF 239450 100/100/1.00 Sigarispora caulium JCM 17669 85/76/1.00 Sigarispora caulium MFLUCC 15-0036 --/--/0.92 Sigarispora thymi MFLU 15-2131 Sigarispora junci MFLUCC 14-0938 Sigarispora scrophulariae MFLUCC 17-0689 Sigarispora coronillae MFLUCC 14 0941 Sigarispora caryophyllacearum MFLUCC 17-0749 88/89/1.00 Sigarispora muriformis MFLUCC 13-0744 Sigarispora medicaginicola MFLUCC 17-0681 99/100/1.00 Sigarispora arundinis JCM 13550 97/93/1.00 Sigarispora arundinis MAFF 239449 94/92/1.00 Sigarispora rosicola MFLU 15-1888 Sigarispora caudata MAFF 239453 98/96/1.00 Lophiopoacea winteri KT 740 87/87/1.00 Lophiopoacea winteri MAFF 239454 Lophiopoacea paramacrostoma MFLUCC 11-0463 Lophiostoma macrostomum MAFF 239447 99/100/1.00 Lophiostoma macrostomum JCM 13545 72/67/1.00 Lophiostoma macrostomum JCM 13544 98/100/1.00 Lophiostoma semiliberum JCM 13548 Lophiostoma semiliberum MAFF 100/100/1.00 Lophiostoma multiseptatum JCM 17668 94/86/1.00 Lophiostoma multiseptatum MAFF 239451 Lophiostoma rosae TASM 6115 Lophiostoma crenatum CBS 629 86 Coelodictyosporium rosarum MFLUCC 17-0776 94/86/1.00 Coelodictyosporium muriforme MFLUCC 13-0351 --/--/0.98 Coelodictyosporium pseudodictyosporium GKM 1233 84/61/-Neopaucispora Neopaucispora rosaecae MFLUCC 17-0807 79/66/-- Platystomum rosae MFLU 15-2569 63/--/-Platystomum rosae MFLUCC 15-0633 Platystomum salicicola MFLUCC 15-0632 Platystomum crataegi MFLUCC 14-0925 Platystomum compressum MFLUCC 13-0343 93/--/-- Platystomum actinidiae MAFF 239635 86/59/-Platystomum actinidiae KT 521 Lophiostoma viridarium IFRDCC 2090 Lophiostoma triseptatum SMH 5287 Lophiostoma triseptatum SMH 2591 Platystomum actinidiae IFRD 2014 100/90/0.97 Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 13-0442 100/100/1.00 92/--/-Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 14-0993 76/--/-Capulatispora sagittiformis JCM 15100 Pseudolophiostoma vitigenum MAFF 239459 100/100/1.00 Pseudolophiostoma vitigenum JCM 17676 91/85/1.00 Biappendiculispora japonica JCM 17670 100/100/1.00 Biappendiculispora japonica MAFF 239452 Biappendiculispora japonica JCM 17671 100/100/1.00 Paucispora quadrispora KH 448 100/100/1.00 Paucispora quadrispora KT 843 Paucispora versicolor MAFF 244508 Vaginatispora appendiculata MFLUCC 16-0314 78/83/-100/100/1.00 Vaginatispora appendiculata MFLUCC 13-0835 Vaginatispora aquatica MFLUCC 11-0083 100/100/1.00 Vaginatispora fuckelii MAFF 239458 98/89/1.00 Vaginatispora fuckelii JCM 17672 Massarina sp. MFLUCC 11-0577 Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034 Amorosiaceae (Outgroup) Lophiostomataceae 82/79/1.00 0.02 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 42 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF partial sequence data. Fifty-nine strains are included in the combined maximum likelihood sequence analyses, which comprise 3488 characters with gaps (843 for LSU, 1012 for SSU, 675 for ITS and 943 for TEF). Angustimassarina populi (Amorosiaceae) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the Bayesian analysis. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 14131.515359 is presented. The matrix had 905 distinct alignment patterns, with 16.04% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.2431, C = 0.2595, G= 0.2640, T = 0.2334; substitution rates AC = 1.5641, AG = 2.6832, AT = 1.2726, CG = 1.0887, CT = 6.4680, GT = 1.0000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.6920. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML, first set) equal to or greater than 60% are given above or below the nodes. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP, second set) equal to or higher than 0.90 are given above or below the nodes. Hyphen (‘‘-’’) indicates a value lower than 60% for ML and posterior probabilities lower than 0.95 for BYPP. Ex-type strains and reference strains are in bold. Newly generated sequences are in blue indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–2.8 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 61– 110 9 10–16 lm ( x = 80 9 13 lm, n = 50), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 19–30 9 5–7 lm ( x = 22 9 7 lm, n = 50), overlapping bi-seriate, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 4–5-septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena Province, near Raggio di Santa Sofia, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 7 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2156 (MFLU 15-1039), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0036. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828965, LSU: MG829077, SSU: MG829177, TEF: MG829239. Notes: The ML analysis shows that the new strain (MFLUCC 15-0036) clusters with Sigarispora caulium (MAFF 239450 and JCM 17669) with strong bootstrap support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BYPP). Sigarispora junci Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554149; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03989; Fig. 48. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Juncus. Holotype: MFLU 16-0178. 69 Saprobic on Juncus. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200– 300 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. ( x = 268.6 9 227.6 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 40–60 lm long and 20–30 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 10–40 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 2–3 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 120–140 9 14–18 lm (x = 130.2 9 16.4 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 26–33 9 6.5–8 lm (x = 28.1 9 7.2 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, slightly curved, 5–7septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen, guttulate, rough-walled, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Sheath 5–8 lm thick, deeply constricted at the middle septum. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Juncus, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Ravenna Province, Marina Romea, on dead aerial stems of Juncus sp. (Juncaceae), 28 November 2013, Erio Camporesi IT 1544 (MFLU 16-0178, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0938. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828966, LSU: MG829078, SSU: MG829178. Notes: Sigarispora junci shares some similar morphological characters with the type species, S. ravennica in having 5–7-septate, fusiform, brown ascospores surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. It is distinctly different from S. ravennica in having longer asci and ascospores (Table 1). Phylogenetically, Sigarispora junci is closely related to S. rosacea, but with low bootstrap support. However, Sigarispora rosacea is different from S. junci in having mostly curved, 5-septate ascospores with distinct appendages (2–5 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends. Sigarispora junci is different from other Sigarispora species in the dimensions of ascomata, asci and ascospores (Table 1). Sigarispora medicaginicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554150; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03990; Fig. 49. 123 70 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 43 Coelodictyosporium rosarum (MFLU 17-0603, holotype) a, b Ascomata on Rosa spines. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole and peridium cells. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, j–o = 10 lm, f–i = 20 lm Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Medicago. 71 Holotype: MFLU 15-1976. Saprobic on dead stems Medicago falcata subsp. romanica. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–500 lm high 300– 350 lm diam. ( x = 432.6 9 313.1 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 100–130 lm long and 20–40 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crestlike apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous Fig. 44 Lophiostoma rosae (TASM 6105, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Section through ostiole. e Section through peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e–j = 20 lm, k–p = 10 lm 123 72 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 45 Neopaucispora rosaecae (TASM 6108, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–m = 10 lm tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 20–40 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with 123 lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 73 Fig. 46 Sigarispora caryophyllacearum (MFLU 18-0111, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 5 lm, e–m = 20 lm indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 2–3 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9 10–15 lm (x = 104.1 9 12.7 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 24–28 9 6.5–7 lm (x = 26.2 9 6.8 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 5–6- septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with appendages (8–10 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) at both ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Medicago falcata subsp. romanica, Russia (European part, Rostov region). Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty City, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, steppe slopes near Grushevka river (47.7234186°N, 40.255065°E), on dead stems of Medicago falcata L. subsp. romanica (Prodán) O. Schwartz & Klink. (Fabaceae), 12 May 2015, Timur S. 123 74 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Table 1 Synopsis of recorded Sigarispora species discussed in this study Taxa Ascomata (lm) Ostiole (lm) Sigarispora arundinis 320–416 9 250–310 120 9 249 S. caryophyllacearum 420–500 9 400–500 S. caudata Asci (lm) Ascospores (lm) References Size Colour septa 94–112.5 9 12.5–14.5 22–32.5 9 6.3–7.9 Light brown 5 Thambugala et al. (2015) 100–160 9 50–80 80–120 9 10–12 30–40 9 7–8.5 Yellowish brown 5–9 This study 145–210 9 210–305 180 9 115 86–112.5 9 10.5–13 23.5–34.5 9 5.5–7 Dark brown 4–6 Thambugala et al. (2015) S. caulium 180–340 9 200–280 40–120 9 20–40 75–100 9 12–14 18–25 9 5–8 Yellowish brown 5 Thambugala et al. (2015) S. coronillae 350–400 – 120–140 9 14–17 20–26 9 8–10 Brown 4–5 Thambugala et al. (2015) 9390–450 S. junci 200–300 9 200–250 40–60 9 20–30 120–140 9 14–18 26–33 9 6.5–8 Yellowish brown 5–7 This study S. medicaginicola 400–500 9 300–350 100–130 9 20–40 80–120 9 10–15 24–28 9 6.5–7 Yellowish brown 5–6 This study S. muriformis 425–660 9 335–560 – 84–130 9 12–18 18–28 9 7–12 Reddish brown 5–8 Tibpromma et al. (2017) S. ononidis 240–311.5 dia. – 96–169 9 17–19 27–34 9 11–12 Yellowish brown to dark brown 3–5 Li et al. (2016a, b) S. ravennica 211–282 – 55–70 9 9–11 18–21 9 4–6 Brown 6 Liu et al. (2015) 9121–187 S. rosicola 400–500 9 300–350 80–100 9 20–40 80–120 9 10–15 17–23 9 5–6 Yellowish brown 5 This study S. scrophulariae 280–350 9 250–300 70–90 9 30–50 70–90 9 10–12 18–22 9 5–6 Yellowish brown 4–5 This study S. thymi 600–700 9 450–550 150–230 9 80–100 80–120 9 12–16 23–33 9 6–7 Yellowish brown 4–6 This study Bulgakov T-0272 (MFLU 15-1976, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0681. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828967, LSU: MG829079, SSU: MG829179. Notes: Phylogenetic results show Sigarispora medicaginicola to be related to S. thymi (MFLU 15-2131) with low bootstrap support. Morphologically, Sigarispora medicaginicola differs from S. thymi in having distinct apical and basal appendages (8–10 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) to the ascospores. Additionally, Sigarispora caulium, S. rosacea and S. scrophulariae also possess brown, fusiform and narrow ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of ascomata, asci and ascospores are different in each species (Table 1). Sigarispora rosicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554151; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03991; Fig. 50. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Rosa. 123 Holotype: MFLU 15-1888. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400– 500 lm high 200–350 lm diam. ( x = 397.8 9 293.2 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 80–100 lm long and 20–40 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 20–40 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–2 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9 10–15 lm (x = 111.9 9 12.05 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 17–23 9 5–6 lm (x = 20.3 9 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 47 Sigarispora caulium (MFLU 15-1039). a, b Ascomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Section of ascoma. d Ostiole, e Section of partial peridium layer. The peridium comprising cells of textura 75 angularis. f Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, g–i Developing stages of asci. j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f = 50 lm, g– i = 20 lm, j–o = 10 lm 123 76 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 48 Sigarispora junci (MFLU 16-0178, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, f, g = 20 lm, h– m = 10 lm 77 5.2 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 5-septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with Fig. 49 Sigarispora medicaginicola (MFLU 15-1976, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, i–m = 10 lm 123 78 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 50 Sigarispora rosicola (MFLU 15-1888, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, g–j = 20 lm, f, k–n = 10 lm appendages (2–5 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Russia (European part, Rostov region). 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, on twigs of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 15 April 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0184 (MFLU 15-1888, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828968, LSU: MG829080, SSU: MG829180, TEF: MG829240. Notes: The morphological characters of Sigarispora rosacea fit in within the generic concept of Sigarispora in having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, slit-like ostioles with crest-like apex and fusiform, multi-septate, brown ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a close affinity to S. junci with low bootstrap support. Sigarispora rosacea is different from S. junci in having mostly curved, 5-septate ascospores, with distinctive appendages (2–5 lm 79 long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends, whereas S. junci has slightly curved, 5-7 septate ascospores surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath and lacking appendages. Additionally, Sigarispora caulium, S. medicaginicola and S. scrophulariae also have brown, fusiform and narrow ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of the ascomata, asci and ascospores are different in each species (Table 1). The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture and we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Sigarispora scrophulariae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554152; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03993; Fig. 51. Fig. 51 Sigarispora scrophulariae (MFLU 15-2121, holotype) T-417 a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e Asci. f–h Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 5 lm, e = 20 lm, f–h = 10 lm 123 80 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Scrophularia. Holotype: MFLU 15-2121. Saprobic on dead stems of Scrophularia donetzica. Sexual morph: Ascomata 280–350 lm high, 250–300 lm diam. ( x = 309.2 9 281 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 70–90 lm long and 30–50 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 10–30 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 2–2.5 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 70–90 9 10–12 lm (x = 82.8 9 11.8 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with pedicel (up to 20 lm long), rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–22 9 5–6 lm (x = 20.8 9 4.5 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 4–5-septate, slightly constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum wider, smooth-walled, with appendages (2–4 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Scrophularia donetzica, European Russia. Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, single plants on stony slopes near Grushevka river, on dead stems of Scrophularia donetzica Kotov (the local endemic of Donetsk ridge, possible synonym of Scrophularia rupestris M. Bieb. ex Willd., Scrophulariaceae), 14 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0417 (MFLU 15-2121, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0689. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828969, LSU: MG829081, SSU: MG829181. Notes: Phylogenetically, Sigarispora scrophulariae resides in a distinct subclade in the Sigarispora clade and is closely related to S. coronillae with high bootstrap support. Morphological characters defining Sigarispora species are immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, slit-like ostiole with crest apex and fusiform, multi-septate, brown ascospores. Sigarispora scrophulariae can be distinguished from S. coronillae in having 4–5-septate, fusiform with narrow ascospores with appendages (2–4 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends, whereas S. coronillae consists of muriform (4–5 transverse septa, and 2–4 vertical septa), 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 ellipsoid to fusiform ascospores without appendages. Sigarispora caulium, S. medicaginicola and S. rosicola are also characterised by brown, fusiform and narrow ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of ascomata, asci and ascospores are different in each species (Table 1). Sigarispora thymi Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554153; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03994; Fig. 52. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Thymus. Holotype: MFLU 15-2131 Saprobic on dead stems of Thymus marshallianus. Sexual morph: Ascomata 600–700 lm high, 450–550 lm diam. ( x = 671.6 9 495.1 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 150–230 lm long and 80– 100 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 50–100 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–2.5 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9 12–16 lm ( x = 103.4 9 14.05 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 23–33 9 6– 7 lm ( x = 27.7 9 6.3 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, base is longer, mostly curved, 4–6-septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Thymus marshallianus, European Russia. Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty City, 20th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Solyonaya Balka (Salty gully), stony steppe on slope (47.7092995°N, 40.2654719°E), on stems of Thymus marshallianus Willd. (possible synonym of Thymus pulegioides L. subsp. pannonicus (All.) Kerguélen, Lamiaceae), 21 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0427 (MFLU 15-2131, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828970, LSU: MG829082, SSU: MG829182, TEF: MG829241. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 81 Fig. 52 Sigarispora thymi (MFLU 15-2131, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–h Asci. i– o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–o = 10 lm, e–h = 20 lm 123 82 Notes: Morphologically, Sigarispora thymi agrees with other Sigarispora species in having immersed to semiimmersed ascomata, slit-like ostioles with crest-like apices and fusiform, multi-septate, brown ascospores. Phylogenetically, it clusters together with S. medicaginicola with low bootstrap support. However, Sigarispora medicaginicola differs from S. thymi in having distinct apical and basal appendages to the ascospores, whereas S. thymi lacks any appendages. In addition, Sigarispora thymi depicts some similar morphological characters with S. caudata such as 4–6-septate, yellowish brown ascospores. Massarinaceae Munk, Friesia 5 (3–5): 305 (1956) Notes: Details of this family can be seen in Hyde et al. (2013), Tanaka et al. (2015) and Hyde et al. (2016). Suttonomyces Wijayaw., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (2): 220 (2015) Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2015) introduced Suttonomyces to accommodate camarosporium-like taxa in Massarinae as a monospecific genus. In this study, we introduce a second species in Suttonomyces. Phylograms generated from ML and Bayesian analyses based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data showed that Suttonomyces is phylogenetically closely related to Pseudodidymosphaeria. Suttonomyces species so far have been reported only from their asexual morphs and there are no studies that support any sexual connections to Pseudodidymosphaeria. However, Pseudodidymosphaeria has phoma-like asexual morphs, while Suttonomyces has a camarosporium-like asexual morphs. Microconidia from Suttonomyces taxa were not observed in this study nor in Wijayawardene et al. (2015) (Fig. 53). Suttonomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554154; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03995; Fig. 54. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0112. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 64–110 lm diam. 9 110– 180 lm high ( x = 80 9 135 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, immersed, erumpent, solitary, globose, unilocular, black, with a long neck. Pycnidial wall 8–20 lm wide, multi– layered, with 3–5 outer layers of brown-walled cells of textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–9 9 1.8–6 lm ( x = 6.7 9 4.3 lm; n = 25), blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 9–12 9 5–8 lm ( x = 11 9 7 lm; n = 30), oblong, mostly straight, occasionally slightly curved, with 1–2-transverse 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 53 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis c based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of Massarinaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tanaka et al. (2015). Fourty-one strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3943 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Periconia digitata (CBS 510.77) and P. pseudodigitata (KT 1395) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 14251.902400 is presented. The matrix had 928 distinct alignment patterns, with 31.74% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.242966, C = 0.238096, G= 0.270966, T = 0.247973; substitution rates AC = C: 1.559694, AG = 2.855840, AT = 1.958953, CG = 1.278441, CT = 9.274113, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.518406. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue septate, initially hyaline, later becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 27 November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2260 (MFLU 18-0112, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0051. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828973, LSU: MG829085, SSU: MG829185. Notes: Suttonomyces rosae morphologically fits well within the generic concepts of Suttonomyces and closely ressembles the type species, S. clematidis in having blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline conidiogenous cells and camarosporium-like conidia. However, they are different as paraphyses are present in Suttonomyces clematidis, while paraphyses have not been observed in S. rosae. Melanommataceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 220 (1885) Notes: The family Melanommataceae was established by Winter (1885), which is typified by Melanomma pulvispyrius. There have been a number of taxonomic studies carried out on members of the Melanommataceae (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009; Hyde et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2015). Recent taxonomic surveys have also revealed the family to be highly diverse with many new species (Li et al. 2016a; Almeida et al. 2017; Jaklitsch et al. 2017). Tian et al. (2015) provides the most detailed monograph with the inclusion of morphological and multi-gene (LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) phylogenetic data. The latter accepted 20 genera and reported a close phylogenetic affinity to the family Pleomassariaceae. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 83 Stagonospora uniseptata CBS 135090 Stagonospora trichophoricola CBS 136764 Neottiosporina paspali CBS 331.37 Stagonospora sp. KT 903 Stagonospora pseudoperfecta KT 889 Stagonospora duoseptata CBS 135093 Stagonospora tainanensis KT 1866 83/1.00 Stagonospora perfecta CBS 135099 99/1.00 Stagonospora perfecta KT 1726A Stagonospora pseudovitensis S602 Stagonospora pseudocaricis S610 100/1.00 Stagonospora paludosa CBS 135088 Stagonospora pseudopaludosa CPC 22654 Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii CBS 183.58 Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii MFLUCC 14-1212 Massarinaceae 92/1.00 Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii MFLUCC 13-0273 100/1.00 Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei MFLU 15-1360 100/1.00 61/0.96 Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei MFLUCC 14-1061 Suttonomyces rosae MFLUCC 15-0051 100/1.00 Suttonomyces clematidis MFLUCC 14-0240 100/1.00 88/0.99 Helminthosporium sp. H 4739 Helminthosporium velutinum H 4626 Helminthosporium sp. yone 96 Corynespora leucadendri CBS 135133 100/1.00 Helminthosporium sp. H 4743 Helminthosporium sp. yone 63 91/0.99 Helminthosporium sp. yone 38 Corynespora olivacea CBS 114450 100/1.00 Helminthosporium massarinum KT 838 Helminthosporium massarinum KT 1564 7 65/0.97 Helminthosporium magnisporum H 4627 85/1.00 Helminthosporium dalbergiae H 4628 Byssothecium circinans CBS 92/1.00 99/0.97 100/1.00 Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 14-0618 Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 13-0611 Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 13-0533 Massarina cisti CBS 266.62 100/1.00 Massarina eburnea CBS 473.64 Massarina eburnea H 3953 100/1.00 0.02 Periconia digitata CBS 510.77 Periconia pseudodigitata KT 1395 Periconiaceae (Outgroup) 123 84 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 54 Suttonomyces rosae (MFLU 18-0112, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Peridium. e–i Developing stages of conidia. j–n Conidia. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, g, h = 10 lm, f, j–n = 5 lm In a recent study, Hashimoto et al. (2017) revisited the phlylogenetic profiles of Melanommataceae taxa (sensu lato) and reported that Melanommataceae should be restricted to the type genus Melanomma. In addition, they have introduced Pseudodidymellaceae to accommodate four genera viz. Mycodidymella, Petrakia, Pseudodidymella, and Xenostigmina. In this study we have included all available taxa which are currently recognized within Melanommataceae, and those introduced by Li et al. (2016b), Hashimoto et al. (2017), Gross et al. (2017) and Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2017). Our generated phylogenies 123 herein are similar to those of Hashimoto et al. (2017), but we obtained more reliable backbone bootstrap support for the Melanommataceae sensu lato group, which we believe could be attributed to our rationale taxon sampling. Thus, we believe the family Pseudodidymellaceae is untenable, as not only is the family Melanommataceae strongly-supported, but also use of the new family provides considerable confusion concerning the placement of genera in the family. An evolutionary analysis should be applied to the data. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Marjia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554155; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03996. Etymology: In loving memory of Majorie Phyllis Hyde (affectionately known as Marj), 29 August 1921–18 January 2013. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium thick, multi-layered, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 4–8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2-vertical septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Three strains of a sexual morph clustered in the Melanommataceae as a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade C, Fig. 55) in both ML and Bayesian analyses. All specimens were collected from Western Tien Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan on Cerasus tianschanica and Rosa species. Since taxa collected herein clearly form an independent lineage and are phylogenetically segregated from other genera, we introduce, Marjia, a new genus to accommodate these species with superficial, broadly oblong, dark brown to black ascomata, a thick peridium comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, long pedicellate asci and ellipsoidal to subfusiform, brown, muriform ascospores. Marjia is morphologically similar to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Uzbekistanica, Pseudostrickeria and Praetumpfia in having muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. But these genera are phylogenetically apart from Marjia in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 55). Monotosporella and Pseudotrichia show a close phylogenetic affinity to Marjia but this is not supported in ML, MP or BI analyses. However, Monotosporella is a hyphomycetous genus which is characterized by unbranched conidiophores (Matsushima 1975). The strains of Pseudotrichia mutabilis are not related to any type materials and therefore it is inappropriate to rely on them for a phylogenetic discussion. Nonetheless, Pseudotrichia is morphologically different to Marjia in having hyaline to 85 rarely pale brown, fusoid ascospores with 1-septa (Tian et al. 2015), while Marjia has brown, muriform ascospores. Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554156; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03997; Fig. 56. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Western Tien Shan Mountains. Holotype: TASM 6120. Saprobic on Cerasus tianschanica Pojark. Sexual morph: Ascomata 350–450 lm high, 400–500 lm diam. ( x = 397.9 9 455.9 lm, n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 40–60 lm wide at the base, 80–110 lm wide at the sides, multi-layered, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 160– 200 9 25–30 lm ( x = 186.2 9 27.1 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate (40 lm long), thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 12–17 lm ( x = 37.2 9 14.6 lm, n = 50), uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, lacking mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Cerasus tianschanica, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Cerasus tianschanica (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-B32-2 (TASM 6120, holotype). MFLU 17-0031, isotype, ibid. YG-B32-1 (TASM 6121, paratype), MFLU 17-0030, isoparatype. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828909, MG828910, LSU: MG829019, MG829020, SSU: MG829126, MG829127, TEF: MG829206, MG829207. Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. The strains of Marjia tianschanica have a strongly supported monophyletic affinity to M. uzbekistanica. However, they are morphologically diferent as Marjia tianschanica has 8-spored asci, while M. uzbekistanica has 4-spored asci. Marjia uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 123 86 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana SMH 3157 Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana GKM 152N Byssosphaeria salebrosa SMH 2387 Byssosphaeria siamensis MFLUCC 10-0099 64/61/-Byssosphaeria musae MFLUCC 11-0146 Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana MFLUCC 10-0100 Byssosphaeria 99/95/1.00 100/87/1.00 Byssosphaeria jamaicana SMH 3085 Byssosphaeria jamaicana SMH 1403 96/90/1.00 100/91/1.00 Byssosphaeria rhodomphala SMH 3086 Byssosphaeria rhodomphala GKM L153N Herpotrichia diffusa AFTOL-ID 1588 90/85/0.98 Byssosphaeria villosa GKM 204N Bertiella ellipsoidea MFLU 16-0583 Bertiella 68/69/0.95 Bertiella macrospora IL 5005 Pseudostrickeria muriformis MFLUCC 13-0764 100/100/1.00 92/--/1.00 Pseudostrickeria ononidis MFLUCC 14-0949 Clade A Pseudostrickeria Pseudostrickeria rosae MFLUCC 17-0643 97/98/1.00 Phragmocephala atra MFLUCC 15-0021 Phragmocephala Phragmocephala sp MFLUCC 15-0018 95/--/0.98 Pleotrichocladium opacum CBS 450.70 Pleotrichocladium opacum CBS 709.92 --/--/0.98 94/--/-Pleotrichocladium Pleotrichocladium opacum CCF2728 Pleotrichocladium opacum FMR 12088 100/100/1.00 Pleotrichocladium opacum AU BD04 99/97/1.00 Sarimanas shirakamiense MAFF 244768 79/--/1.00 Sarimanas Sarimanas shirakamiense MAFF 242969 --/--/0.97 Sarimanas pseudofluviatile MAFF 239465 100/100/1.00 Monoseptella rosae MFLUCC 17-0815 Monoseptella Clade B Monoseptella rosae TASM 6114 94/96/1.00 Marjia tianschanica TASM 6120 100/100/1.00 Marjia Marjia tianschanica TASM 6121 Clade C Marjia uzbekistanica TASM 6122 100/100/1.00 Monotosporella tuberculata CBS 256.84 Monotosporella Pseudotrichia mutabilis SMH 1541 Pseudotrichia Pseudotrichia mutabilis PM1 100/98/1.00 Herpotrichia macrotricha GKM 196N Herpotrichia Herpotrichia macrotricha SMH 269 Herpotrichia vaginatispora MFLUCC 13-0865 79/67/1.00 Pseudodidymella fagi KT3074.3 Pseudodidymella fagi RF5 83/67/1.00 Pseudodidymella fagi KT3058 99/100/1.00 Pseudodidymella fagi H2579 95/94/1.00 Pseudodidymella fagi AH561 100/100/1.00 Pseudodidymella minima KT2918 Pseudodidymella minima AH556 Mycodidymella aesculi AH560 90/92/0.99 Mycodidymella aesculi KT3060 Mycodidymella aesculi H2620 Mycodidymella aesculi H2610 Xenostigmina zilleri CBS 115686 70/67/-Xenostigmina zilleri CBS 115685 Petrakia aceris CBS 115685 Petrakia aceris CBS 115686 92/88/1.00 Petrakia aceris CBS 124108 Petrakia aceris CBS 124109 Petrakia echinata L54 Petrakia echinata CBS133070 100/98/1.00 Petrakia echinata L55 97/87/1.00 Petrakia echinata CBS133072 100/62/-- Seifertia shangrilaensis MFLUCC 16-0238 Seifertia azaleae DAOM 239136 Seifertia azaleae DAOM 239135 ‘Pseudodidymellaceae’ 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 55 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of Melanommataceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tian et al. (2015) and Hashimoto et al. (2017). One hundred and twenty strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3956 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Cyclothyriella rubronotata (CBS 121892, CBS 141486) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 21274.297790 is presented. The matrix had 1229 distinct alignment patterns, with 35.63% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.245859, C = 0.240511, G= 0.271370, T = 0.242261; substitution rates AC = 1.431361, AG = 3.568673, AT = 1.723593, CG = 0.947507, CT = 9.960150, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.621870. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of two equally most parsimonious trees (Tree scores as follows: TL= 3156 steps, CI = 0.414, RI = 0.756, RC = 0.313, HI = 0.586 for the first tree). Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Index Fungorum number: IF554157; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03998; Fig. 57. Etymology: Name reflects Uzbekistan, from where the species was collected. Holotype: TASM 6122. Saprobic on Rosa species. Sexual morph: Ascomata 350–450 lm high, 350–425 lm diam. ( x = 406.7 9 389.6 lm, n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10– 20 lm wide at the base, 40–80 lm wide at the sides, multilayered, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 180–210 9 17– 20 lm ( x = 196.9 9 17.9 lm, n = 40), 4-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate (50 lm long), thickwalled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 32–36 9 12–16 lm ( x = 33.2 9 14.9 lm, n = 50), uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa sp., Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa spp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon 87 Gafforov YG-B19-1 (TASM 6122, holotype), MFLU 17-0179, isotype. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828911, LSU: MG829021, SSU: MG829128, TEF: MG829208. Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Marjia uzbekistanica is different from all other members in Melanommataceae by its 4-spored asci. Melanocucurbitaria Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554158; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03999. Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the cucurbitaria-like species in Melanommataceae. Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, immersed or semi errumpant, coriaceous, black, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, with a papilla. Peridium composed of 3–5 layers, with brown to reddish brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter and at the outside, darker, sometimes fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a pedicel, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 6–8 transverse septa and 2–4-longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming golden brown to brown at maturity, asymmetrical, with broadly rounded ends, with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Melanocucurbitaria morphologically ressembles Gemmamyces, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria and Praetumpfia in having muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. Although there is some morphological overlap between Melanocucurbitaria and the above-mentioned genera, it can be easily distinguished by the comparatively large ascomata and thin peridium. Our multigene phylogeny also provides further evidence to support our new generic establishment of Melanocucurbitaria as phylogenetic distinct from all other Melanommataceae genera sampled herein, albeit with no support (Clade F, Fig. 55). Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554159; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04000; Fig. 58. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of Uzbekistan, from where the species was collected. 123 88 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 77/92/0.99 100/100/1.00 Melanommataceae Muriformistrickeria rubi MFLUCC 15-0681 Muriformistrickeria Muriformistrickeria rubi MFLUCC 17-2550 Clade D Muriformistrickeria rosae MFLU 16-0227 91/90/1.00 Melanodiplodia tianschanica TASM 6111 100/100/1.00 Melanodiplodia tianschanica TASM 6112 Clade E Melanodiplodia Melanodiplodia tianschanica MFLUCC 17-0805 60/66/0.98 Herpotrichia juniperi AFTOL-ID 1608 Alpinaria rhododendri KT2520 100/100/1.00 Alpinaria rhododendri MP4 Alpinaria Alpinaria rhododendri ANM 73 Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica MFLUCC 17-0829 Melanocucurbitaria Clade F Beverwykella pulmonaria Beverwykella Melanomma pulvis pyrius KT2110 Melanomma pulvis pyrius MPP Melanomma pulvis pyrius KT2113 Melanomma pulvis pyrius AH375 Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH77 Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH86 Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH197 70/61/-Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 124080 Melanomma 95/75/1.00 Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 109.77 Aposphaeria populina CBS 350.82 98/77/1.00 Aposphaeria populina CBS 543.70 Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 371.75 99/98/1.00 90/83/1.00 Melanomma japonicum HH26520 Melanomma japonicum KT3028 98/97/1.00 Melanomma japonicum KT3425 Melanomma japonicum KT2076 100/100/1.00 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0819 92/99/1.00 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0820 Clade G Uzbekistanica 99/98/1.00 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika MFLUCC 17-0809 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika MFLUCC 17-0842 --/--/0.99 Aposphaeria corallinolutea PD 83.367 97/--/0.97 Aposphaeria corallinolutea MFLUCC 14-0504 Aposphaeria Aposphaeria corallinolutea PD 83.831 Praetumpfia obducens C20 Praetumpfia obducens C151 100/100/1.00 Praetumpfia obducens CuO 100/100/1.00 Praetumpfia 100/100/1.00 Praetumpfia obducens C54 99/72/-- Praetumpfia obducens C56 Praetumpfia obducens C2 Gemmamyces piceae C260 Gemmamyces piceae C199 100/100/1.00 Gemmamyces Gemmamyces piceae C251 Gemmamyces piceae C209 93/81/1.00 Alternaria alternata CBS 916.96 Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75 92/--/1.00 Massarina ebrunea CBS 473.64 Neoophiosphaerella sasicola MAFF 239644 84/--/1.00 Teichospora trabicola CBS 140730 Lophiostoma arundinis CBS 621.86 100/100/1.00 Cyclothyriella rubronotata CBS 141486 100/100/1.00 Cyclothyriella rubronotata CBS 121892 100/100/1.00 Roussoella verrucispora CBS 125434 Nigrograna obliqua CBS 141475 Massaria inquinans CBS 125591 100/--/1.00 Hysterium pulicare CBS123377 Hysteriaceae (Outgroup) Hysterobrevium mori CBS123563 0.03 Fig. 55 continued 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 89 Fig. 56 Marjia tianschanica (TASM 6120, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f– h Asci. i–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm Holotype: TASM 6109. Saprobic on various dead flowering plants. Sexual morph: Ascomata 500–700 lm high 550–750 lm diam. ( x = 619.6 9 624.2 lm, n = 10), black, semi-immersed, coriaceous, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole filled with brown cells. Peridium 25–35 lm wide at the base, 15– 123 90 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 57 Marjia uzbekistanica (TASM 6122, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 91 Fig. 58 Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica (TASM 6109, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm 123 92 20 lm wide at the sides, multi-layered, outer layer heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising reddish brown to dark brown, loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed pale brown to hyaline, flattened, thickwalled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 280–300 9 19–23 lm ( x= 289.1 9 21.4 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 37–47 9 17–19 lm ( x = 42 9 17.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 6–8 transverse septa and 3–4 longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, broadly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath when immature, lacking a mucilaginous sheath at maturity. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Acer pubescens Franch, Uzbekistan. Material examined: Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Acer pubescens (Sapindaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S50-1 (TASM 6109, holotype); 38°150 53.8600 N, 67°170 27.8600 E; MFLU 17-0194, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0829. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828912, LSU: MG829022, SSU: MG829129, TEF: MG829209. Notes: Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica is morphologically similar to Cucurbitaria species with respect to their asci and ascospores. There are however, clear differences in peridium characters: Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica has a thin peridium, with 1–3 layers, while Cucurbitaria species have a thick peridium with multilayers. The two genera are also not phylogenetically closely related, while Cucurbitaria is a strongly-supported genus in Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporineae (Wanasinghe et al. 2017a). Cucurbitaria-like species are widespread in Uzbekistan (Gafforov 2017). It is necessary also to conduct molecular phylogenetic studies to solve systematics of cucurbitaria-like species from arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. Melanodiplodia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554160; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04001. Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the diplodialike members in Melanommataceae. Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose to supglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium multi-layered, outer layer comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, blackish 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or blackish brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base truncate or rounded. Type: Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Melanodiplodia is a diplodia-like genus which comprises 1-septate and brown conidia similar to taxa in Coniothyrium, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Forliomyces, Neodeightonia, Paulkirkia, Placodiplodia, Prillieuxina, Spencermartinsia (Wijayawardene et al. 2016). These genera are not melanommataceous. Neodeightonia and Placodiplodia do not have available sequence data in GenBank for a DNA based comparision. Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554161; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04002; Fig. 59. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Westren Tien Shan Mountain, from which the species was collected. Holotype: TASM 6110. Saprobic on dead twigs of Rosa ecae. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 200– 300 lm high 9 150–200 lm diam. ( x = 245.7 9 179.9 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–7 lm high 9 3–4 lm wide, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia 6–8 9 6–6.5 lm ( x = 7.75 9 6.22 lm, n = 30), initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or blackish brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate when young. Known distribution: On Rosa ecae, Uzbekistan. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 93 Fig. 59 Melanodiplodia tianschanica (TASM 6110, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma d Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells e–h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 10 lm, d–h = 5 lm Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on branches Rosa ecae (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG- B14-1 (TASM 6110, holotype); MFLU 17-0165, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0805. ibid. YG- B14-2 (TASM 6111, paratype). ibid MFLU 17-0166, 123 94 isoparatype, Rosa sp., 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG- B25-2 (TASM 6112). duplicate: MFLU 17-0108. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828913, MG828914, MG828915, LSU: MG829023, MG829024, MG829025, SSU: MG829130, MG829131, MG829132, TEF: MG829210, MG829211, MG829212, RPB2: MG829256, MG829257. Notes: In this study we have obtained three cultures from specimens, collected from dead twigs of Rosaceae in Uzbekistan. DNA sequence analyses herein cluster all isolates in a strongly-supported monophyletic clade sister to Muriformistrickeria (Clade E, Fig. 55). There are no sexual records for Melanodiplodia tianschanica sp. nov. strains and therefore, we cannot compare them with the remaining taxa in this family with respect to their sexual characteristics. Hence, we rely strongly on our phylogeny for generic differentiation. Monoseptella Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554162; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04003. Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to 1-septate ascospores. Saprobic on dead twigs and stems of rose species in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, aggregated or clustered in groups beneath the host epidermis, often in large numbers, variable in shape, mostly globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, with or without a papilla. Peridium composed of 5–7 layers with brown to reddish-brown cells of textura globosa-angularis, cells towards the inside lighter and at the outside, darker. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a pedicel, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, broadly fusoid to cylindrical, incidentally slightly curved, smooth- and thin-walled, hyaline, uniseptate, with or without surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Monoseptella ressembles Asymmetricospora, Byssosphaeria, Herpotrichia and Sarimanas in having 1-septate, hyaline ascospores. There is no DNA sequence data for Asymmetricospora to assess any potential phylogenetic relationships. However, they are different in ascomatal and ascal characteristics. Monoseptella has globose to subglobose ascomata and cylindrical asci, while Asymmetricospora has lenticular ascomata and clavate asci (Tian et al. 2015). Among the species identified as Herpotrichia, they do not display a close phylogenetic affinity to Monoseptella. However, there are some morphological differences between Monoseptella and Herpotrichia. The 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 latter is characterized by guttulate and ellipsoidal ascospores, whereas Monoseptella has broadly cylindrical ascospores without any guttules. Sarimanas also a member which shares close phylogenetic relationship to Monoseptella (Clade B, Fig. 55). They are however, different as Sarimanas has broadly fusiform to ellipsoidal ascospores, while Monoseptella has broadly cylindrical ascospores (Fig. 60). There is no asexual record of Monoseptella species and Pleotrichocladium is the only possible link to their asexual morph, since Pleotrichocladium shares a sister relationship to Monoseptella in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. If in future studies Monoseptella and Sarimanas share trichocladium-like asexual morphs, it is wise to place all three genera (Monoseptella, Pleotrichocladium and Sarimanas) in one genus. While we realize that these genera might represent a heterogeneous assemblage of species with no clear cut significant morphs for generic delineation, we rely mostly on our phylogenetic results to give taxonomic ranks to our taxa collected herein. A different scenario may occur with the discovery of similar fungi and their asexual morphs with more sampling. Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554163; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04004; Fig. 60. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6113. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400– 450 lm high 400–500 lm diam. ( x = 416 9 433.4 lm, n = 10), superficial, aggregated or clustered in groups beneath the host epidermis, often in large numbers, variable in shape, mostly globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate, filled with hyaline to brown cells. Peridium 50– 80 lm, thickened near the apex, thinner at base (30– 40 lm), 2-layered, with outer wall composed of irregular pseudoparenchymatous, thick-walled, reddish brown cells of textura globosa-angularis and inner layer composed of flattened, thin, hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–160 9 11–13 lm ( x = 146.9 9 12.5 lm, n = 40), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, pedicellate, with a small but distinct ocular chamber and an inconspicuous apical ring. Ascospores 20–23 9 5.5– 6.5 lm ( x = 21.6 9 6.1 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, broadly fusoid to cylindrical, incidentally slightly curved, smooth- and thin-walled, hyaline, uniseptate, slightly constricted at the septum, surrounded by a large mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On rose species, Uzbekistan. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 95 Fig. 60 Monoseptella rosae (TASM 6113, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. h Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. j–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–g = 20 lm, h–m = 10 lm 123 96 Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Machay Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 29 August 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-ma33 (TASM 6113, holotype); MFLU 17-0134, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0815, same place on Cerasus erythrocarpa Nevski (Rosaceae), YG-ma24 (TASM 6114, paratype). MFLU 17-0184 isoparatype. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828916, MG828917, LSU: MG829026, MG829027, SSU: MG829133, MG829134, TEF: MG829213, MG829214. Notes: Monoseptella rosae closely ressembles Bicrouania maritima in having similar ascomatal and ascal characteristics. However, there is no available molecular data for Bicrouania maritima to compare with Monoseptella rosae (Jones et al. 2015). Muriformistrickeria Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 299 (2015) Notes: Tian et al. (2015) introduced Muriformistrickeria as a monotypic genus to accommodate Muriformistrickeria rubi. They considered muriform ascospores to be the diagnostic character in this genus. In addition, Muriformistrickeria has cylindric-clavate asci with short pedicels and coelomycetous asexual morphs with pycnidial conidiomata and hyaline conidia (Tian et al. 2015). In this study, we introduce a second species to Muriformistrickeria based on phylogenetic evidence and presence of muriform ascospores and the asexual morph of the type species, Muriformistrickeria rubi. Muriformistrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554164; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04005; Fig. 61. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0227 Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–220 lm high, 300–350 lm diam. ( x = 198.89325.8 lm, n = 5), superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong and flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 30–50 lm high 40–70 lm diam. ( x = 42.3 9 54.7 lm, n = 5), black, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at the base, 25–40 lm wide at the sides, two layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–100 9 11–17 lm ( x = 93.9 9 13.8 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick- 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 15–23 9 6–10 lm ( x = 19.3 9 8.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 3–4-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, deeply constricted at the central septum, hyaline, with rounded ends, without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near Ortignano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 29 September 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2129 (MFLU 16-0227, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828918, LSU: MG829028, SSU: MG829135, TEF: MG829215. Notes: Muriformistrickeria rosae clusters with M. rubi (Clade D, Fig. 55) with high support. Despite this phylogenetic relatedness, we consider them as different species. Both species have been collected from Italy, but from different hosts: M. rosae from Rosa; M. rubi from Rubus sp. Morphologically, these two-species are similar in ascomatal characters with muriform ascospores. However, they differ from each other based on other ascospore characteristics; Muriformistrickeria rosae has hyaline, subfusiform, slightly curved ascospores with 3–4 transverse septa and with 1 vertical septum, while M. rubi has mostly ellipsoidal, ascospores with 4–6 transverse septa and 1–2 vertical septa, which are initially light yellow, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Muriformistrickeria rubi Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 300 (2015) Index Fungorum number: IF551597; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04006; Fig. 62. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: See Tian et al. (2015). Asexual morph: Conidiomata 150– 200 lm high 9 250–350 lm diam. ( x = 179.7 9 297.9 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, outer layer comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, thickwalled, comprising blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–8 lm high 9 3–5 lm wide, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia 4–5.5 9 2–2.5 lm ( x = 4.4 9 2.2 lm, n = 30), initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming light Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 97 Fig. 61 Muriformistrickeria rosae (MFLU 16-0227, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h–l Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c = 50 lm, e–g = 20 lm, d, e–i = 10 lm brown, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate when young. Known distribution: On Rosa, Sweden, Italy. 123 98 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 62 Muriformistrickeria rubi (MFLU 17-2640) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma d Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e = 10 lm Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Långevik 58°520 51.000 N 11°000 31.000 E, on spines of Rosa (Rosaceae), June 2017, E.B.G. Jones GJ377B (MFLU 17-2643), living culture MFLUCC 17-2550. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828919, LSU: MG829029, SSU: MG829136, TEF: MG829216. Notes: Tian et al. (2015) introduced Muriformistrickeria rubi from a branch of Rubus sp. in Italy as a muriform spored sexual morph taxon in Melanommataceae. During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Sweden, an isolate was recovered from Rosa spines in Koster Islands. Morphological characters such as conidiophores and conidia fit well within the asexual morph of Muriformistrickeria rubi which was derived from culture. In our phylogenetic study, this new strain clusters with Muriformistrickeria rubi sister to M. rosae (Clade D, Fig. 55). Comparison of ITS and TEF sequence data reveals there is 123 no significant difference (\5 bp differences) between our new isolate and Muriformistrickeria rubi. Therefore, we introduce our new isolate as a new host record herein. Pseudostrickeria Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 306 (2015) Notes: Pseudostrickeria was introduced by Tian et al. (2015) to accommodate Pseudostrickeria muriformis and P. ononidis based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we introduce P. rosae as a novel species in Pseudostrickeria. These three strains form a monotypic clade (Clade E, Fig. 55) in Melanommataceae with strong bootstrap support. Pseudostrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554165; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04007; Fig. 63. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 99 Fig. 63 Pseudostrickeria rosae (MFLU 16-0231, holotype) a Ascomata on host spines. b Section of ascoma. c Ostiole. d Peridium. e–i Asci. j– n Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 50 lm, c–i = 20 lm, j–n = 10 lm Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0231 Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 180–200 lm high 180–210 lm diam. ( x =186.79187.3 lm, n = 5) immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 25–30 lm high 15–30 lm diam. ( x =27.3922.7 lm, n = 5), black, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at 123 100 the base, 5–15 lm wide at the sides, with 4–6 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.7 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm ( x= 102.3 9 11.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 13–18 9 5–7 lm ( x= 16.3 9 6.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, ellipsoidal, upper part wider than the lower part, 3–4 transversely septate, with 2–3 vertical septa, longitudinal septa often in mid cells only, slightly constricted at the septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, ends sometimes paler, with rounded ends, wall firm, dark, smooth-walled, guttulate, without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena, Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 3 December 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2198 (MFLU 16-0231, holotype); extype living culture, MFLUCC 17-0643. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828954, LSU: MG829065, SSU: MG829169, TEF: MG829234. Notes: Pseudostrickeria rosae is similar to P. muriformis and P. ononidis in having muriform ascospores and subglobose ascomata. Their asci and ascospore shapes are different. Pseudostrickeria muriformis and P. ononidis have cylindric-clavate asci, a biseriate ascospore arrangement and asymmetrical ascospores with one side flattened, with 1–3-longitudinal septa (Tian et al. 2015), while P. rosae has cylindrical asci, a uniseriate ascospore arrangement and symmetrical ascospores with 1-longitudinal septum. Uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554166; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04008. Etymology: Name reflects Uzbekistan. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong and flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, black, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with brown to hyaline cells. Peridium outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uni- to biseriate, muriform, ellipsoidal, mostly 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 symetrical, upper part wider than the lower part, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically, forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate, while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate when young. Type: Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde Notes: Two strains of a sexual morph (Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae) and two strains of the asexual morph (U. yakutkhanika) clustered in Melanommataceae as a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade G, Fig. 55) in both ML and Bayesian analyses. All of these specimens were collected from Omonxona Village in Uzbekistan on Rosa species. Since taxa collected herein clearly form an independent lineage and are phylogenetically segregated from other genera, we introduce, Uzbekistanica, a new genus to accommodate these species with broadly oblong ascomata, cells of textura angularis in the peridium, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci, muriform, ellipsoidal, yellowishbrown to brown ascospores, globose conidiomata, angular cells in the pycnidial wall, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline conidiogenous cells and 1-septate sepia or brown conidia. Uzbekistanica is morphologically similar to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria, Praetumpfia and Marjia in having muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. The phylogenetic affinities of Uzbekistanica however, lack statistical support to establish relationships (Fig. 55). Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554167; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04009; Fig. 64. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host species Rosa hissarica. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 101 Fig. 64 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae (TASM 6116, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–k = 10 lm Holotype: TASM 6116. 123 102 Saprobic on Rosa hissarica. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450–550 lm high 400–500 lm diam. ( x = 490 9 470 lm, n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong and flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 60–100 lm high 150–170 lm diam. ( x = 88.5 9 164.7 lm, n = 5), papillate, black, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with brown to hyaline cells. Peridium 40–60 lm wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides, with 6–8 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–4 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 170– 190 9 16–22 lm ( x = 182.1 9 19.4 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–30 9 13–16 lm ( x = 28.2 9 14.9 lm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, ellipsoidal, mostly symetrical, upper part wider than the lower part, 4–5-transversely septate, with 1-vertical septum, deeply constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S43-2 (TASM 6116, holotype), 38°150 34.3200 N, 67°170 56.3000 E; ibit. MFLU 17-0154, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0819. ibid. YG-S43-3 (TASM 6117, paratype); MFLU 17-0155, isoparatype, ex-paratype living culture, MFLUCC 17-0820. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828975, MG828976, LSU: MG829087, MG829088, SSU: MG829187, MG829188, TEF: MG829242, MG829243, RPB2: MG829262, MG829263. Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Uzbekistan, two sexual isolates (Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae) were recovered from Rosa hissarica in South-Western Hissar Mountains. Morphological characters such as cylindrical to cylindric-clavate and muriform, ellipsoidal ascospores similar to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria, Praetumpfia and Marjia in having muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. However, the phylogenetic affinities of Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae to above mentioned genera are not closely related (Clade G, Fig. 55). Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae forms a strongly-supported monophyletic clade with another two strains of the asexual morphs (M. yakutkhanika). 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554168; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04010; Fig. 65. Etymology: yakutkhanika (Lat.) in honour of Uzbek mycologist, Dr. Salieva Yakutkhan (1966-2003) for her contribution to study microfungi of Uzbekistan. Holotype: TASM 6118. Saprobic on Rosa species. Sexual morph: Undetermined Asexual morph: Conidiomata 90–150 lm high 9 120–180 lm diam. ( x = 117.7 9 154.8 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented, thickwalled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells 3–5 lm high 9 4–6 lm wide, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically, forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia 5–7 9 3.5–4 lm ( x = 6.4 9 3.8 lm, n = 30), initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate when young. Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Xojikent Village, Ugam range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on branches of Rosa sp., 10 April 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-Oq107-2 (TASM 6118, holotype); MFLU 17-0175, isotype, ex-isotype living culture, MFLUCC 17-0842. ibid. Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-2 (TASM 6119); duplicate MFLU 17-0129, living culture, MFLUCC 17-0809. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828977, MG828978, LSU: MG829089, MG829090, SSU: MG829189, MG829190, TEF: MG829244, MG829245, RPB2: MG829264, MG829265. Notes: Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika is similar to Diplodia, Dothiorella and Neodeightonia in having ellipsoidal, 1-septate, brown conidia. But these morphologically similar genera are not closely related to Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika in the phylogenetic analyses. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 103 Fig. 65 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika (TASM 6118, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma d Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e = 10 lm Paradictyoarthriniaceae Doilom, J.K. Liu & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 133 (2015) Notes: The family Paradictyoarthriniaceae was established to accommodate the genus Paradictyoarthrinium in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes based on its unique morphology and distinct lineage in the phylogenetic analysis (Liu et al. 2015; Doilom et al. 2017). Paradictyoarthrinium was introduced as a monotypic genus by Matsushima (1996) with Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum as the type species. This family accommodates hyphomycetous taxa. In this study, we introduce a sexual morph genus, namely Xenomassariosphaeria, in the family. Xenomassariosphaeria Jayasiri, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553969, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03865. Etymology: Xeno = ne9mo1 in Greek, distinct; Massariosphaeria = massariosphaeria-like Saprobic on terrestrial plant parts. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent through host tissue, small black dots on the host surface, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, with papillate ostioles. Peridium thick-walled, of unequal thickness, composed of 6–8 layers, hyaline inner layers to brown outer layer, pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis to textura globulosa. Hamathecium composed of numerous, 1.5–2 lm wide, filamentous, cellular pseudoparaphyses, with distinct septa, embedded in mucilaginous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, subsessile to short pedicellate, apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2 seriate, fusiform, 123 104 asymmetric, hyaline to brown, 6–8-septate, slightly curved, constricted at the septa, thick-walled with sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type species: Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde Notes: In this study we introduced a new genus based on Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. This species is morphologically somewhat similar with other Massariosphaeria spp. in having transversely septate ascospores, which are relatively large, thick-walled, and surrounded by a prominent gelatinous sheath (Tanaka and Harada 2004). However, based on morphology alone, it has been difficult to assess its familial position and its affinities to other species in this genus (Wang et al. 2007a). Therefore, we introduce Xenomassariosphaeria as a new genus within the family Paradictyoarthriniaceae. Paradictyoarthrinium is a hyphomycetous genus and this is the first record of its sexual morph. However, Xenomassariosphaeria and Paradictyoarthrinium are phylogenetically distinct genera and well segregated with high support (96% ML and 1.00 BYPP, Fig. 66) in our phylogeny. Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554069, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03849, Fig. 67. Etymology: Reference to host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1073 Synonymy: Massariosphaeria roumeguerei (Sacc.) Leuchtm. [as ‘roumegueri’], Sydowia 37: 173 (1984) Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–230 lm high, 240–290 lm diam., scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent through host tissue, small black dots on the host surface, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, with papillate ostioles. Peridium 35–40 lm wide, thick-walled, of unequal thickness, composed of 6–8 layers, hyaline inner layers to brown outer layer, pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textural angularis to textural globulosa. Hamathecium composed of numerous, 1.5–2 lm wide, filamentous, cellular pseudoparaphyses, with distinct septa, embedded in mucilaginous matrix. Asci (70–)90–110 lm high, 13–18 lm diam ( x = 95 9 16 lm, n = 20), 8 spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric clavate, subsessile to short pedicellate, apical rounded with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 34–38 9 5–7 lm ( x = 36 9 6 lm), overlapping 1–2 seriate, fusiform, asymmetric, hyaline to brown, 6–7-septate, slightly curved, constricted at the septa, thick–walled with sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characters: Colonies grow on MEA, reaching 2 cm diam after 2 weeks at 18 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, smooth, irregular margin, off white to pink after 2 weeks, reverse pink to red layers, flat on the 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 66 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis c based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF sequenced data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/) and Tibpromma et al. (2017). Forty-six strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 4257 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Roccella fuciformis (AFTOL-ID 126 and Ertz 5003) and Schismatomma decolorans (DUKE 47570) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 27513.122574 is presented. The matrix had 1594 distinct alignment patterns, with 33.57% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.250818, C = 0.244243, G= 0.270547, T = 0.234392; substitution rates AC = 1.789851, AG = 4.615287, AT = 1.643972, CG = 1.174199, CT = 9.879623, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.411502. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 70%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled, produce pink pigment to the culture. Known distribution: On dead spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae) in Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 3 December 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2274 (MFLU 15-0179 holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0179. GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829092, SSU: MG829192. Notes: In this study we introduced a new species accommodated in the family Paradictyoarthriniaceae and genus Xenomassariosphaeria. Xenomassariosphaeria rosae clades with Massariosphaeria roumeguerei (CBS 612.86) with high statistical support (100% ML and 1.00 BYPP, Fig. 66). However, Massariosphaeria roumeguerei is not related to any type material and it was introduced based on morphological similarities to Massariosphaeria roumeguerei (Wang et al. 2007a). In this study, we synonymise Massariosphaeria roumeguerei under Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr, Mycologia 71: 948 (1979) Notes: We follow Phookamsak et al. (2015, 2017) for the treatment of this family. An updated phylogenetic tree for the family Phaeosphaeriaceae is presented in Fig. 68. In this study we introduce five new genera (Bhatiellae, Dactylidina, Embarria, Hawksworthiana and Italica), five new combinations and 25 new species in Bhatiellae (1), Dactylidina (2), Dematiopleospora (3), Embarria (1), Hawksworthiana (2), Italica (1), Neosetophoma (3), Neostagonospora (1), Ophiobolus (1), Poaceicola (4), Populocrescentia (2), Sclerostagonospora (3) and Wojnowicia (1). Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 105 Roussoella pustulans KT 1709 Roussoella hysterioides HH 26988 100/1.00 Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0182 Roussoellaceae/ 84/0.99 Roussoella siamensis MFLUCC 11-0149 Thyridariaceae Neoroussoella bambusae MFLUCC 11-0124 100/1.00 100/1.00 Parathyridaria ramulicola MRR1 64/0.95 Parathyridaria ramulicola MF4 Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1 100/1.00 Torula herbarum CBS 111855 96/1.00 Torula herbarum CBS 379.58 Torulaceae 100/1.00 90/1.00 Torula herbarum CBS 595.96 Torula hollandica CBS 220.69 100/1.00 Ohleria modesta OM Ohleriaceae 86/0.99 Ohleria modesta MGC Hobus wogradensis TI 100/1.00 Nigrograna mackinnonii E5202H Biatriospora mackinnonii CBS 674.75 71/1.00 83/1.00 Biatriospora marina CY 1228 100/1.00 Biatriospora mackinnonii CBS 110022 Biatriosporaceae/ 100/1.00 Nigrograna fuscidula MF8 Nigrogranaceae 99/1.00 Nigrograna fuscidula MF7 Nigrograna norvegica TR8 74/-Nigrograna obliqua MF2 Occultibambusa bambusae MFLUCC 11-0394 100/1.00 93/1.00 100/1.00 Occultibambusa bambusae MFLUCC 13-0855 93/0.97 Occultibambusa pustula MFLUCC 11-0502 87/0.98 Occultibambusa fusispora MFLUCC 11-0127 Occultibambusaceae 98/1.00 Versicolorisporium triseptatum HHUF 28815 100/1.00 Seriascoma didymospora MFLUCC 11-0179 Seriascoma didymospora MFLUCC 11-0194 Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum MFLUCC13-0466 99/-60/-- Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum MFLUCC12-0557 100/1.00 Sirodesmium olivaceum CBS 395.59 100/1.00 Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola MFLUCC12-0556 83/-Paradictyoarthriniaceae 96/1.00 Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola MFLUCC13-0465 100/1.00 Xenomassariosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 15-0179 Xenomassariosphaeria Xenomassariosphaeria rosae CBS 612.86 Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR1 Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR9 Cyclothyriellaceae 100/1.00 Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR9a 99/1.00 Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR3 Melanommataceae Melanomma pulvispyrius CBS 124080 Schismatomma decolorans Ertz 5003 100/1.00 Roccellaceae 100/1.00 Schismatomma decolorans DUKE 47570 (Outgroup) Roccella fuciformis AFTOL-ID 126 0.07 97/1.00 97/1.00 123 106 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 67 Xenomassariosphaeria rosae (MFLU 15-0179, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host surface. d Section through ascomata. e Ostiole. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–n Ascospores. o Germinated spore. Scale bar: d = 50 lm, e = 30 lm, f = 10 lm, f= 10 lm, g–j = 30 lm, k–o = 10 lm Bhatiellae Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554171; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04013. Etymology: In honour of Prof. Bhat Jayarama Darbhe, for his immense contribution to mycology. Saprobic in terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous forming on surface host epidermis. Sporodochia with cushion-like pseudoparenchymatous cells at the base, composed of compact, fasciculate, foot-like cells at the base, with tightly aggregated, parallel, cylindrical conidiophores. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, erect to flexuous, unbranched, aseptate, torsive, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, largely ampulliform at the base, undulated at the upper part. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, undulate, with large, cicatrized scars. Conidia acropleurogenous, solitary, simple, straight or moderately curved, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, brown to olivaceous brown when mature, euseptate, 5–8-distoseptate, smoothwalled, widest at the middle. Type: Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: Two hyphomycetous genera were listed in Phaeosphaeriaceae viz. Harpophora and Mauginiella by Wijayawardene et al. (2012). Mauginiella was treated as an asexual state of Phaeosphaeria by Abdullah et al. (2005). The phylogenetic placement of this genus has not been confirmed in Pheaosphaeriaceae and Phookamsak et al. (2014) excluded it from the family. However, Wijayawardene et al. (2017) still treated the genus in Phaeosphaeriaceae. There are only ITS sequences of M. scaettae available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus is needed to clarify its taxonomic position. In our primary ITS analyses it grouped near Chaetosphaeronema. Harpophora was reported as the asexual morph of Ophiobolus. Based on morphological characters, Phookamsak et al. (2014) excluded Hadrospora from Phaeosphaeriaceae and tentatively placed the genus in Trematosphaeriaceae. Recently, Wijayawardene et al. (2017) kept harpophora-like asexual morphs in Magnaporthaceae, which are similar to Gaeumannomyces and Magnaporthe. In this study we collected a hyphomycetous isolate which is nested in between Neosulcatispora and Setophoma in our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. We treat 107 this new isolate as a new genus, Bhatiellae in Phaeosphaeriaceae. Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554172; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04014; Fig. 69. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0872. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous forming on surface host epidermis. Sporodochia 80–100 lm high, 60–100 lm diam., with cushion-like pseudoparenchymatous cells at the base, composed of compact, fasciculate, foot-like cells at the base, with tightly aggregated, parallel, cylindrical conidiophores. Conidiophores 50–70 lm long 9 4–6 lm diam ( x = 66.7 9 4.9 lm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, erect to flexuous, unbranched, aseptate, torsive, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, largely ampulliform at the base, undulated at the upper part. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, undulate, with large, cicatrized scars. Conidia 25–30 9 8–10 lm ( x = 27.7 9 9.3 lm, n = 50), acropleurogenous, solitary, simple, straight or moderately curved, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, brown to olivaceous brown when mature, euseptate, 5–8distoseptate, smooth-walled, widest at the middle. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Marsignano, Predappio, on dead aerial branches of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 11 February 2016, Erio Camporesi IT 2814 (MFLU 16-0872, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0664. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828873, LSU: MG828989, SSU: MG829101. Notes: Bhatiellae rosae was collected from Rosa in Italy. This is the first assured hyphomycetous species in Phaeosphaeriaceae based on both morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Dactylidina Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554173; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04015. Etymology: The generic name reflects the host genus Dactylis, from which the species were isolated. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, blackish-brown to black, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium with 2–3 layers, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 123 108 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 100/100/1.00 99/94/1.00 Allophaeosphaeria muriformia MFLUCC 13-0277 Allophaeosphaeria muriformia MFLUCC 13-0349 Ophiosphaerella herpotricha CBS 620.86 Phaeopoacea phragmiticola CBS 459.84 95/96/1.00 Phaeopoacea festucae MFLUCC 17-0056 Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora MFLUCC 13-0380 81/60/-- Loratospora luzulae MFLUCC 14-0826 91/79/0.98 83/65/1.00 Dactylidina dactylidis MFLUCC 14-0966 Clade A Dactylidina dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0618 Dactylidina shoemakeri MFLUCC 14-0963 63/--/0.97 Septoriella phragmitis CPC 24118 Septoriella allojunci MFLUCC 15-0701 Phaeosphaeria ammophilae CBS 114595 Amarenomyces dactylidis MFLUCC 14-0207 Vagicola chlamydospora MFLUCC 15-0177 Septoriella tridentina MFLUCC 15-0474 64/66/-79/72/0.98 83/78/0.95 Poaceicola arundinis MFLUCC 14-1060 Poaceicola arundinis MFLU 16-0158 Poaceicola forlicesenica MFLUCC 15-0470 Poaceicola agrostina MFLU 18-0113 77/60/0.99 Poaceicola rosae MFLU 18-0114 Phaeosphaeriaceae 91/95/1.00 95/68/1.00 93/91/1.00 60/60/-- Poaceicola garethjonesii MFLUCC 15-0469 Clade B Poaceicola arundinis MFLUCC 15-0702 Poaceicola italica MFLUCC 13-0267 Poaceicola arundinicola MFLU 16-0225 Vagicola arundinis MFLUCC 15-0027 76/66/0.99 Phaeosphaeria vagans CBS 604.86 Amarenographium ammophilae MFLUCC 16-0293 Neostagonospora artemisiae MFLUCC 17-0693 Neostagonospora elegiae CBS 135101 Clade C Wojnowicia spartii MFLUCC 13-0402 Wojnowicia lonicerae MFLUCC 13-0737 Clade D Wojnowicia rosicola MFLUCC 15-0128 70/77/-- Wojnowiciella eucalypti CPC 25024 98/98/1.00 Wojnowiciella viburni MFLUCC 12-0733a 73/--/0.99 Wojnowiciella dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0735 Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria MFLU 14-0524a 100/100/1.00 Yunnanensis phragmitis MFLUCC 17-0315 Yunnanensis phragmitis MFLUCC 17-1361 Ampelomyces quisqualis CBS 129.79 Neosetophoma samarorum CBS 138.96 63/89/-- Neosetophoma garethjonesii MFLUCC 14-0528 Neosetophoma rosaena MFLUCC 17-0768 90/97/1.00 99/65/1.00 73/89/0.95 Neosetophoma poaceicola MFLUCC 16-0886 Neosetophoma rosae MFLU 15-1073 Clade E Neosetophoma rosae MFLUCC 17-0844 Neosetophoma rosarum MFLU 17-0308 Neosetophoma italica MFLU 14-0809 100/100/1.00 Embarria clematidis MFLUCC 14-0652 Embarria clematidis MFLUCC 14-0976 123 Clade F Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 68 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of Phaeosphaeriaceae. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Thambugala et al. (2017b). 150 strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3888 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Leptosphaeria doliolum (CBS 505.75) and Paraleptosphaeria dryadis (CBS 643.86) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 33009.889795 is presented. The matrix had 1504 distinct alignment patterns, with 30.33% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.246868, C = 0.234572, G= 0.265233, T = 0.253328; substitution rates AC = 1.255312, AG = 3.308065, AT = 2.288717, CG = 0.782483, CT = 6.728235, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.569794. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 3888 characters, which 2788 were constant, 741 parsimony-informative and 359 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 5569 steps (CI = 0.296, RI = 0.668, RC = 0.198, HI = 0.704) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, with 5–6-transverse septate and 1-longitudinal septum except at the end cells, constricted at the septa, conical and rounded at the ends, with smooth surface, with or without being surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. =Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Index Fungorum number: IF554174; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04016; Fig. 70. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Dactylis. Holotype: MFLU 15-1358. Saprobic on Dactylis glomerata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high, 130–180 lm diam. ( x = 141.9 9 154 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up to 40–60 lm long and 20–30 lm 109 wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish-brown, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 15–25 lm wide at the sides, comprising brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 13–16 lm ( x = 84.4 9 14.5 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–23 9 7–8 lm ( x = 21.8 9 7.5 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–6 transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, mostly vertical septa present in between both middle transverse septa besides central septum, vertical septa absent at the end cells, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Dactylis, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], near Passo dei Mandrioli, on dead aerial stems of Dactylis glomerata L. (Poaceae), 23 June 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1950 (MFLU 15-1358); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0966. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828886, LSU: MG829002, SSU: MG829113, TEF: MG829199, RPB2: MG829253. Notes: Liu et al. (2015) introduced Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis as the second species of Allophaeosphaeria which has ascospores similar to those characterized in Phaeosphaeria vagans, P. phragmiticola and P. phragmitis (Shoemaker and Babcock 1989). In this study, we collected another strain for Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis which was collected from Italy on Dactylis and synonymize it as Dactylidina dactylidis. Dactylidina shoemakeri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554175; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04017; Fig. 71. Etymology: In honour of R.A. Shoemaker, for his immense contribution to mycology. Holotype: MFLU 16-0202. Saprobic on Poa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 140– 180 lm high, 150–180 lm diam. ( x = 157.4 9 165.4 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, eccentric, blackish-brown, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium 5–15 lm wide, comprising, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–105 9 18–23 lm ( x = 123 110 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Sclerostagonospora lathyri MFLUCC 14-0958 Sclerostagonospora opuntiae CBS 118224 Scolicosporium minkeviciusii MFLUCC 12-0089 Sclerostagonospora sp. CBS 118152 Clade G Sclerostagonospora rosicola MFLUCC 15-0129 Sclerostagonospora rosae MFLU 18-0115 Stagonospora foliicola CBS 110111 Melnikia anthoxanthii MFLUCC 14-1011 Phoma aloes CPC 21549 Camarosporioides phragmitis MFLUCC 13-0365 88/63/1.00 Stagonospora neglecta CBS 343.86 Parastagonospora dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0375 97/99/1.00 97/93/1.00 Parastagonospora minima MFLUCC 13-0376 97/95/1.00 96/97/1.00 Parastagonospora italica MFLUCC 13-0377 Parastagonospora nodorum CBS 110109 Phaeosphaeriaceae cont’d Parastagonospora uniseptata MFLUCC 13-0387 84/81/1.00 Diederichomyces ficuzzae CBS 128019 70/--/-- Diederichomyces caloplacae CBS 129338 Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae CBS 129666 Neostagonospora phragmitis MFLUCC 16-0493 64/77/0.95 64/60/0.95 Neostagonospora caricis CBS 135092 Neostagonospora arrhenatheri MFLUCC 15–0464 99/68/1.00 Juncaceicola typharum CBS 296.54 100/100/1.00 Juncaceicola luzulae MFLUCC 13-0780 Juncaceicola italica MFLUCC 13-0750 Leptospora rubella CPC 11006 100/99/1.00 Leptospora thailandica MFLUCC 16-0385 81/85/099 Leptospora galii KUMCC 15-0521 100/91/1.00 100/96/1.00 100/98/1.00 Populocrescentia ammophilae MFLUCC 17-0665 Populocrescentia rosae MFLU 17-0128 Populocrescentia forlicesenensis MFLUCC 14-0651 81/--/0.99 100/98/1.00 Ophiosphaerella agrostidis MFLUCC 11-0152 Ophiosphaerella agrostidis IGM35 100/100/1.00 100/100/1.00 Ophiosphaerella agrostidis MFLUCC 12-0007 Ophiosphaerella aquatica MFLUCC 14-0033 Equiseticola fusispora MFLUCC 14-0522 Phaeosphaeria musae MFLUCC 11-0151 73/60/0.99 Phaeosphaeria thysanolaenicola MFLUCC 10-0563 100/100/1.00 Phaeosphaeria chiangraina MFLUCC 13-0231 Phaeosphaeria oryzae CBS 110110 100/100/1.00 Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi CBS 120.43 87/86/0.97 95/89/1.00 100/96/1.00 Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi CBS 128665 Setomelanomma holmii CBS 110217 100/100/1.00 Paraphoma chrysanthemicola CBS 522.66 Paraphoma radicina CBS 111.79 Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi MFLUCC 14-0259 Fig. 68 continued 123 Clade H Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 111 Ophiobolus rossicus MFLU 17-1639 90/100/1.00 Ophiobolus rudis CBS 650.86 62/77/-- Ophiobolus italicus MFLUCC 14-0526 94/74/1.00 Ophiobolus senecionis MFLUCC 13-0575 Ophiobolus disseminans MFLUCC 17-1787 99/91/1.00 Ophiobolus artemisiae MFLUCC 14-1156 100/100/1.00 Ophiobolus artemisiae MFLU 15-1966 100/100/1.00 Ophiobolus artemisiicola MFLU 15-2140 80/--/1.00 Clade I Ophiobolus artemisiicola MFLU 15-2137 Chaetosphaeronema achilleae MFLUCC 16-0476 100/100/1.00 Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum CBS 216.75 Ophiobolopsis italica MFLUCC17-1791 88/--/1.00 Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae MFLUCC 15-0769 100/98/1.00 Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae MFLUCC 14-0614 Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae MFLU 15-1971 Paraophiobolus arundinis MFLUCC 17-1789 Phaeosphaeriaceae cont’d 100/100/1.00 Ophiosimulans plantaginis MFLUCC 17-0245 Paraophiobolus plantaginis MFLUCC 17-0245 Pseudoophiobolus italicus MFLUCC 17-2255 100/100/1.00 Pseudoophiobolus mathieui MFLUCC 17-1785 Pseudoophiobolus achilleae MFLU 17-0925 100/100/1.00 Pseudoophiobolus galii MFLUCC 17-2257 Nodulosphaeria guttulatum MFLUCC 15-0069 93/100/1.00 Nodulosphaeria scabiosae MFLUCC 14-1111 100/100/1.00 Nodulosphaeria multiseptata MFLUCC 15-0078 98/91/1.00 Dematiopleospora donetzica MFLU 15-1975 Dematiopleospora donetzica MFLU 15-2199 98/97/1.00 Dematiopleospora mariae MFLUCC 13-0612 Dematiopleospora fusiformis MFLU 15-2133 99/--/1.00 100/100/1.00 75/--/-85/--/1.00 Clade J Dematiopleospora rosicola YG-B8-1 95/76/1.00 98/99/1.00 Dematiopleospora rosicola MFLU 16-0232 Dematiopleospora cirsii MFLUCC 15-0615 Dematiopleospora salsolae MFLUCC 17-0828 Allophaeosphaeria cytisi MFLUCC 15-0649 70/--/-- 63/64/0.95 100/100/1.00 Hawksworthiana lonicerae MFLUCC 14-0955 Clade K Hawksworthiana alliariae MFLUCC 13-0070 Hawksworthiana clematidicola MFLUCC 14-0910 Loratospora aestuarii JK 5535B Phaeosphaeria juncophila CBS 575.86 83/78/1.00 100/96/1.00 Phaeosphaeria caricicola CBS 603.86 Clade L Phaeosphaeria sp. MFLUCC 14-0971 100/99/1.00 96/62/1.00 Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata MFLUCC 13-0265 Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata MFLUCC 13-0271 60/--/0.99 Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola MFLUCC 11-0157 Phaeosphaeriaceae Acericola italica MFLUCC 13-0609 100/100/1.00 Tintelnotia destructans CBS 127737 Tintelnotia opuntiae CBS 376.91 100/100/1.00 Italica achilleae MFLUCC 14-0955 Clade M Italica luzulae MFLUCC 14-0932 99/96/1.00 96/87/1.00 Vrystaatia aloeicola CBS 135107 Neosulcatispora agaves CPC 26407 Bhatiellae rosae MFLUCC 17-0664 70/60/0.99 Clade N Setophoma sacchari MFLUCC 11-0154 Setophoma terrestris CBS 335.29 100/96/1.00 0.02 Paraleptosphaeria dryadis CBS 643.86 Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75 Leptosphaeriaceae (Outgroup) Fig. 68 continued 123 112 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 69 Bhatiellae rosae (MFLU 16-0872, holotype). a, b Colonies on Rosa. b Pseudoparenchymatous stromata. b–g Conidiophores. h–k Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c–e, g = 20 lm, d, h–k = 10 lm 98.6 9 21 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 23–27 9 9–11 lm ( x= 24.8 9 9.8 lm, n = 30), overlapping 1–2-seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, 4–5-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical 123 septa, constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Poa spp., Italy. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 113 Fig. 70 Dactylidina dactylidis (MFLU 16-0872). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, g–j = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, e, f, k–o = 10 lm Material examined: ITALY, Trento, Marilleva 1400, on dead aerial stems of Poa sp. (Poaceae), 2 August 2013, Erio Camporesi IT 1932 (MFLU 16-0202, holotype); extype living culture, MFLUCC 14-0963. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828887, LSU: MG829003, SSU: MG829114, TEF: MG829200. Notes: Dactylidina dactylidis and D. shoemakeri together in a monophyletic clade in Phaeosphaeriaceae with strong bootstrap support. They are similar in ascomata characters (immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate, thin-walled) and with muriform ascospores. However, Dactylidina dactylidis differs from D. shoemakeri in having mostly cylindric-clavate asci and ascospores with 1-longitidinal septum, while D. shoemakeri has mostly clavate asci with ascospores, having 1–2-longitudinal septa. To further support the establishment of the new taxon as proposed by Jeewon and Hyde (2016), we examined the nucleotide differences within the ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) gene region. Comparison of the 544 123 114 nucleotides across the ITS regions reveals 11 bp (2%) differences between Dactylidina dactylidis and D. shoemakeri. Dematiopleospora Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (2): 110 (2014) Notes: Dematiopleospora was introduced by Wanasinghe et al. (2014b) to accommodate D. mariae. Later Dematiopleospora alliariae, D. cirsii and D. luzulae were added to Dematiopleospora by Ariyawansa et al. (2015), and Hyde et al. (2016). Nevertheless, Dematiopleospora was invalid (Art. 42.1) as the genus and type species both have same identifier IF550536. Three other species were consequently not validly published. Recently Fig. 71 Dactylidina shoemakeri (MFLU 16-0202, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–l Ascospores (note the mucilaginous 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Wijayawardene et al. (2017) obtained new identifiers for them and validly published the three species. Huang et al. (2017) introduced the fifth member, Dematiopleospora fusiformis to this genus. In this study we introduce another three new species to Dematiopleospora and currently, this genus is a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade J, Fig. 68) in Phaeosphaeriaceae, with the exception of D. luzulae and D. alliariae whose affinities are apart from other taxa in Dematiopleospora. In this study, we also resolve the affinities of D. luzulae and D. alliariae in Hawksworthiana and Italica. Dematiopleospora donetzica Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. sheath stained with Indian ink in l). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, j–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–i = 20 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Index Fungorum number: IF554176; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04018; Fig. 72. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of Donetsk ridge, the geographical region in Russia and Ukraine, where the species was found on different steppe plants in specific local plant communities. Holotype: MFLU 15-2199. Saprobic on dead and dying stems of Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. (Fabaceae). Sexual morph: Ascomata 100–150 lm high, 120–200 lm diam. ( x = 137.9 9 159.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 20–40 lm high, 30–50 lm diam, papillate, black, smooth, comprising short, dark brown setae. Peridium 5–15 lm wide, comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–85 9 9.5–12.5 lm ( x = 79.9 9 11.5 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–24 9 6–8 lm ( x = 20.6 9 6.3 lm, n = 30), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, narrowly fusiform, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown at maturity, ends acute, mostly curved, 4-6-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the central septum, upper part wider, smooth-walled, with appendages (3–5 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) at both ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Onobrychis arenaria (Fabaceae) and Phlomis pungens (Lamiaceae), Russia (European part, Rostov region). Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky District, Donskoye forestry, steppe slope of gully (47.8668613°N, 40.2465034°E), on dead and dying stems of Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. (Fabaceae), 18 June 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0495 (MFLU 15-2199, holotype). ibid. Rostov region, Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, steppe slopes near Grushevka river, stony steppe on slope (47.7232039°N, 40.2550918°E), on dead stems of Phlomis herba-venti L. subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps (Lamiaceae), 12 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0271 (MFLU 15-1975). GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829004, MG829005, SSU: MG829115, MG829116. Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Dematiopleospora donetzica is different from other taxa in Dematiopleospora in having ascospores with appendages at both ends. Dematiopleospora rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 115 Index Fungorum number: IF554177; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04019; Fig. 73. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0232. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–250 lm high, 200–300 lm diam. ( x = 193.5 9 229.4 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–50 lm high, 20–30 lm diam. ( x = 44.5926.7 lm, n = 5), papillate, black, smooth, comprising short, dark brown setae. Peridium 7–15 lm wide at the base, 10–16 lm wide at the sides, comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 15–17 lm ( x = 84.8 9 16.1 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–22 9 7–10 lm ( x = 21.6 9 8.6 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 4–7-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the septa, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends, wall firm, smooth, lacking mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa canina, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Alfero, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 24 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2199 (MFLU 16-0232, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828888, LSU: MG829006, SSU: MG829117. Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Dematiopleospora rosicola and D. cirsii are closely related in the phylogenetic analyses. They are similar in their morphological features except ascospore dimensions. Dematiopleospora cirsii (20–30 lm) has comparatively longer ascospores than D. rosicola (18–22 lm). To further support the establishment of the new taxon as proposed by Jeewon and Hyde (2016), we examined the nucleotide differences within the ITS regions (ITS15.8S-ITS2 gene region. Comparison of the 575 nucleotides across the ITS regions reveals 13 bp (2.3%) differences between Dematiopleospora rosicola and D. cirsii. Dematiopleospora salsolae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554178; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04020; Fig. 74. 123 116 Fig. 72 Dematiopleospora donetzica (MFLU 15-2199, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–p Ascospores. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, d, g–j = 20 lm, f, k–p = 10 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 117 Fig. 73 Dematiopleospora rosicola (MFLU 16-0232, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Ostiole. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i-n Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–h = 20 lm, i–n = 10 lm 123 118 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 74 Dematiopleospora salsolae (TASM 6123, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e, f Peridium. (f is base). g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k– n Ascospores (note the mucilaginous sheath stained with Indian ink in n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, f, h– j = 20 lm, g, k–n = 10 lm Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Salsola. Holotype: TASM 6123. Saprobic on dead stems of Salsola sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 250–320 lm high, 280–350 lm diam. ( x = 287.6 9 324.6 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–60 lm high, 50–70 lm diam, papillate, black, smooth, comprising short, dark brown setae. Peridium 15–25 lm wide, comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3– 6 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 115–145 9 21–27 lm ( x = 128.4 9 24.6 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–33 9 11–13 lm ( x = 30.6 9 12.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 6–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at the septa, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with narrowly rounded ends, wall firm, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Sheath constricted at the center. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Salsola sp., Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh Village, arid and semiarid area, on trunk and branches of Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae), 12 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S8-1 (TASM 6123, holotype). MFLU 17-0193, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0828. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828889, LSU: MG829007, SSU: MG829118, TEF: MG829201, RPB2: MG829254. Notes: Dematiopleospora salsolae is phylogenetically closely related to D. cirsii and D. rosicola (Clade J, Fig. 68). However, the ascospores of Dematiopleospora salsolae (28–33 9 11–13 lm) are much wider than D. cirsii (20–30 9 6–9 lm) and D. rosicola (18–22 9 7–10 lm). The ascospores in Dematiopleospora salsolae are also surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath (Fig. 74), which is lacking in D. cirsii and D. rosicola. Embarria Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. 119 Index Fungorum number: IF554169; Facesoffungi number: IF554230. Etymology: In honour of M.E. Barr, for her immense contribution to mycology Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, inconspicuous or in a shallow depression, black, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium with 2–3 layers, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping biseriate, muriform, cell above central septum widest, hyaline when young, becoming dark brown at maturity, ellipsoidal to fusoid, asymmetrical, with one side flattened, muriform, with 4–6-transverse septate and 1-longitudinal septum except at the end cells, constricted at the septa, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, slightly curved, guttulate, with smooth surface, with or without a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde Notes: In our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, strain MFLUCC 14-0652 of Allophaeosphaeria clematidis (Embarria clematidis in this study) groups with one of the novel strains, MFLUCC 14-0976 (Clade F, Fig. 68). With both of these strains, Clade F forms a monophyletic lineage within Phaeosphaeriaceae with strong bootstrap support in the phylogenetic analyses. This clade has a sister relationship to Neosetophoma, but it is not statistically supported. Allophaeosphaeria clematidis and our new collection share similar morphological features and their dimensions of asci and ascospores are almost identical. Therefore, we introduce an additional strain for Allophaeosphaeria clematidis which was collected from Italy on Agrostis sp. and designate this clade (Clde F) as Embarria gen. nov. Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. =Allophaeosphaeria clematidis Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Index Fungorum number: IF554231; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04012; Fig. 75. Saprobic on Agrostis stolonifera L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 130–170 lm high 150–200 lm diam. ( x = 157.1 9 168.9 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, inconspicuous or in a shallow depression, black, smooth, comprising brown 123 120 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 75 Embarria clematidis (MFLU 16-0212). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i-p Ascospores (note the sheath stained with Indian Ink in p). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–p = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–h = 20 lm cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide at the sides, with 2–3 layers, heavily pigmented, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–90 9 18– 22 lm ( x = 81 9 21 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 9 9.5–11 lm ( x = 23.5 9 10.7 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, muriform, cell above central septum widest, hyaline when young, becoming dark brown at maturity, ellipsoidal to fusoid, asymmetrical, with one side flattened, muriform, with 4–6-transverse septate and 1- longitudinal septum except at the end cells, constricted at the septa, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, slightly curved, guttulate, with smooth surface, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Ranunculaceae and Poaceae, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Montecoronaro, Verghereto, on dead aerial stems of Agrostis stolonifera L. (Poaceae), 26 July 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2015 (MFLU 16-0212, new host record); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0976. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828871, LSU: MG828987, SSU: MG829099, TEF: MG829194. Notes: Embarria clematidis is similar to taxa in Dematiopleospora in ascospore shape and septation, but they differ in ascomata characters as Dematiopleospora has brown setae on their ostioles, while setae are absent in Embarria clematidis. Hawksworthiana Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554179; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04021. Etymology: In honour of David Leslie Hawksworth, for his immense contribution to mycology. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, blackish brown, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium with 2–3 layers, comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick- 121 walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoidal, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, 2–4-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septa, constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, scattered, subepidermal to immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose, unilocular, brown. Ostiole apapillate, single, circular, central. Conidiomata wall composed of two layers, outer layer thick, composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer thin, hyaline, almost reduced to conidiogenous region. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, ampulliform to rarely lageniform, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth. Conidia ellipsoidal or rarely slightly sigmoid, straight to slightly curved, both ends rounded or base rarely truncate, phragmosporous, 4–5transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at septa, often with small guttules, thick and smooth-walled. Type: Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde Notes: Hyde et al. (2016) introduced Dematiopleospora alliariae as the third Dematiopleospora species. But in a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Hyde et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2017, this study), D. alliariae is not strongly supported as a taxon in Dematiopleospora. Also, D. alliariae differs from the Dematiopleospora species in having ascomata with a crest-like ostioles and uni-seriate ascospores with 3(–4) transverse septa. In this study Dematiopleospora alliariae groups in a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade K, Fig. 68) with two other novel strains which were derived from a sexual morph (MFLUCC 14-0955) and an asexual morph (MFLUCC 14-0910). Therefore, we introduce the novel genus, Hawksworthiana to accommodate these three strains in Clade K (Fig. 68). Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554180, Facesoffungi number: FoF 04022. =Dematiopleospora alliariae Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 89 (2015) Notes: In this study we synonimize Dematiopleospora alliariae as Hawksworthiana alliariae and introduce it as the type species for Hawksworthiana. Hawksworthiana clematidicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554181; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04098; Fig. 76. 123 122 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 76 Hawksworthiana clematidicola (MFLU 17-0472, holotype). a Conidiomata on host material. b Vertical sections of conidioma. c–f Different stages of conidiogenesis. g–k Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, a = 50 lm, c–k = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Clematis. Holotype: MFLU 17-0472. Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead stems of Clematis vitalba. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 130–180 lm high, 100–150 lm diam. ( x = 151.2 9 124.9 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, scattered, sub-epidermal to immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose, unilocular, brown, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate, single, circular, central. Conidiomata wall with thick outer layer, composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura globose, inner layer thin, hyaline, almost reduced to conidiogenous region. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 9–12 9 3–5 lm, enteroblastic, phialidic, ampulliform to rarely lageniform, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth. Conidia 17–23 9 10–13 lm ( x = 20.3 9 12.2 lm, n = 50), ellipsoidal or rarely slightly sigmoid, straight or slightly curved, both ends rounded or rarely truncate at base, 2–3-transverse septate, constricted at septa, often with small guttules, thick and smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Clematis vitalba, Russia (European part, Rostov region). Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, underwood (47.2335426° N, 39.6475983° E), on the dead and dying stems of Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae), 8 May 2014, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0054 (MFLU 17-0472, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0910. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828901, LSU: MG829011, SSU: MG829120, TEF: MG829202. Notes: Hawksworthiana clematidicola is a camarosporium-like taxon and similar to Melnikia anthoxanthii and Yunnanensis phragmitis in Phaeosphaeriaceae, in having a muriform, coelomycetous asexual morph. They are however, phylogenetically apart from Hawksworthiana clematidicola (Fig. 68). Hawksworthiana lonicerae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554182; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04023; Fig. 77. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Lonicera. Holotype: MFLU 15-2522. Saprobic or pathogenic on stems of Lonicera sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 250–350 lm high 180–250 lm diam. ( x = 299.9 9 205.1 lm, n = 5) immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up to 60–80 lm long and 50– 70 lm wide, papillate, blackish brown, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium 15–20 lm wide at the base, 20– 50 lm wide at the sides, comprising heavily pigmented, 123 thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 105–120 9 9.5–12.5 lm ( x = 113 9 10.7 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindricclavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–17 9 7–8 lm ( x = 15.4 9 7.5 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoidal, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, 3-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Lonicera sp., Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near Pieve Santo Stefano, on living branch of Lonicera sp. (Caprifoliaceae), 2 May 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1849 (MFLU 15-2522, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0955. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828902, LSU: MG829012, SSU: MG829121, TEF: MG829203. Notes: Hawksworthiana lonicerae is introduced based on its sexual morph as the third species in Hawksworthiana. This morphologically fits within the generic concepts of Hawksworthiana and closely resembles the type species, H. alliariae in having globose to subglobose ascomata, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci and ellipsoidal, muriform ascospores. Italica Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554183; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04024. Etymology: The generic name reflects the country of origin Italy. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth, comprising hyaline to pale-brown cells. Peridium comprising thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2-uniseriate, oval, ellipsoidal or sub-cylindrical, muriform, 4–6transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, widest at the middle, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, with rounded to conical ends, with or without surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde 123 124 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 77 Hawksworthiana lonicera (MFLU 15-2522, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–o = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 125 Fig. 78 Italica achilleae (MFLU 16-0197, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Close up of ostiole. e, f Peridium. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, f, g, k–p = 10 lm, h–j = 20 lm Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Dematiopleospora luzulae as the second species of Dematiopleospora which has muriform ascospores, similar to those characterized in Pleospora. But in a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Hyde et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2017, this study), D. luzulae is not closely related to taxa in Dematiopleospora. In this study Italica achilleae sp. nov. and Dematiopleospora luzulae, group in a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade M, Fig. 68). We introduce the novel genus, Italica to accommodate these two strains in Clade M (Fig. 68). Italica achilleae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554184; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04025; Fig. 78. 123 126 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Achillea. Holotype: MFLU 16-0197. Saprobic on Achillea millefolium. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high, 150–200 lm diam. ( x = 218 9 188.6 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–60 lm long and 50–70 lm wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth, comprising hyaline to pale-brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 11–14 lm ( x = 84.5 9 12.2 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, thickwalled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 16–19 9 6–7 lm ( x = 17.3 9 6.3 lm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate to biseriate, ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, muriform, 5–6-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, rarely 2 vertical septa, widest at the middle, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, with rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Achillea, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Fiumicello di Premilcuore, on dead aerial stems of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), 21 May 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1883 (MFLU 16-0197, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0959. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828903, LSU: MG829013, SSU: MG829122, TEF: MG829204, RPB2: MG829255. Notes: Italica achilleae and I. luzulae are similar in ascomata characters and with muriform ascospores. They differ as Italica achilleae has cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci with sub-cylindrical ascospores, while I. luzulae has clavate asci and oval ascospores. Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554185, Facesoffungi number: FoF 04026. =Dematiopleospora luzulae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75: 103 (2015) Notes: In this study we synonimize Dematiopleospora luzulae as Italica luzulae and introduce it as the type species of Italica. Neosetophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycologia 102 (5): 1075 (2010) Notes: Neosetophoma, is typified by N. samararum which has been reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 various hosts (Phookamsak et al. 2014). The genus is characterized by globose to irregular conidiomata, with papillate ostioles, and with yellowish conidia that are attenuate at one end (De Gruyter et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2015). Tibpromma et al. (2017) introduced Neosetophoma garethjonesii as the first report of the sexual morph of Neosetophoma. In this study we introduce another three asexual taxa to Neosetophoma. Neosetophoma rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553944, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03816; Fig. 79. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-1073 Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 90–130 lm high, 100–120 lm diam., pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose, subepidermal, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium 15–25 lm wide, composed of 6–7 layers, with outer 4–5 layers comprising brown and inner 1–2 layers of pale brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–5 lm long and 3– 6 lm wide, enteroblastic, phialidic, doliiform to ampulliform, determinate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 8–14 9 1.5–3 lm ( x = 11 9 2.5, n = 30), subcylindrical, fusiform, or ellipsoid to fusiform, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, 1–3-euseptate, constricted at the septa, apex and base obtuse, or sometimes with truncate base, smooth-walled. ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Fiumicello di Premilcuore, on dead spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 26 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2259 (MFLU 15-1073, holotype); UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq District, Xojikent village, Ugam Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp., 10 April 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-Oq107-4 (TASM 6124), MFLU 17-0177, living culture MFLUCC 17-0844. GenBank ITS: MG828925, MG828926; LSU: MG829034, MG829035; SSU: MG829140, MG829141, TEF: MG829218, MG829219. Notes: This new species occurs on wild rose species. Neosetophoma rosarum R.H. Perera, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF553965; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04027; Fig. 80. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0308 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 127 Fig. 79 Neosetophoma rosae (MFLU 15-1073, holotype) a Specimen on host. b, c Brown conidiomata on the host surface. d Peridium. e, f Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia g–j Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 500 lm, d–j = 10 lm Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 66–120 lm diam., 55–100 lm high, pycnidial, immersed, globose to subglobose, black, gregarious, unilocular, but occasionally multilocular, ostiolate. Peridium 6–10 lm wide, comprising thick-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer comprising hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 4.6–6 9 3–3.4 lm, lining the inner cavity of the conidiomata, doliiform to ampulliform, simple, integrated, enteroblastic, phialidic, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 5.6–8.2 9 1.6–2.3 lm ( x = 7.1 9 1.8 lm, n = 25), pale brown, straight to curved, subcylindrical, apex obtusely rounded, with a bluntly rounded to truncate base, 1(2,3)-euseptate, smooth-walled, thick-walled, guttulate. Culture characters: Colonies on PDA reaching up to 30 mm diam. after 14d at 25 °C, circular, flat, margins smooth, with a moderate amount of aerial mycelium, white from above and greyish white from reverse. Material examined: Italy, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Collina, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 11 November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2225 (MFLU 17-0308, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828927, LSU: MG829036, SSU: MG829142. Notes: Our new isolate MFLU 17-0308 clustered within Neosetophoma (Clade E, Fig. 68) in a separate clade with 123 128 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 80 Neosetophoma rosarum (MFLU 17-0308, holotype) a Her- barium material b Conidiomata on host substrate. b Transverse section through conidiomata. d Transverse section through conidiomatal wall. e–f Conidiogenous cells with mature and immature conidia. g–k Conidia. l. Germinating conidium. Scale bars: a = 2 mm, b = 1 mm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e–h = 10 lm 99% ML, 65% MP, 1.00 PP bootstrap support. Neosetophoma rosarum shows some morphological similarities to N. italica which was isolated from Iris germanica L. (Liu et al. 2015). However, N. rosarum can be distinguished from N. italica by larger conidiomata (vs. 50–60 9 40–75 lm) and smaller conidia (vs. 6–1193–4 lm) (Liu 129 et al. 2015). DNA was obtained from isolates which however did not survive the preservation process. Neosetophoma rosigena Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554187; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04028; Fig. 81. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0590. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100–150 lm high 140–180 lm diam. ( x = 124.9 9 163.3 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose, Fig. 81 Neosetophoma rosigena (MFLU 17-0626, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different stages of conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e = 5 lm 123 130 subepidermal, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium 15–30 lm wide, composed of 5–7 layers, with outer 3–4 layers comprising brown and inner 1–2 layers of pale brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2– 3 lm long 9 1.5–2 lm wide, enteroblastic, phialidic, doliiform to ampulliform, determinate, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 4–6 9 1.5–2.5 lm ( x = 4.8 9 2.1 lm, n = 30), subcylindrical, fusiform, or ellipsoid to fusiform, individually hyaline, olivaceous-brown at maturity as a mass, aseptate, thin and smooth-walled, with minute granules. Culture characters: Colonies on PDA, reaching 3–4 cm diam. after 3 weeks, slow growing, white to dirty-white in the first week, with central area becoming pale grey after three weeks, circular, dense, aerial, reverse dark brown, filamentous. Known distribution: On Rosa canina, UK. Material examined: UK, Hedge End, Hampshire, on Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 3 March 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ229B (MFLU 17-0626, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0768. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828928, LSU: MG829037, SSU: MG829143. Notes: Neosetophoma rosigena (MFLUCC 17-0768) shares a close phylogenetic affinity to N. garethjonesii and N. samararum (Fig. 68), but are slightly apart. Therefore we introduce Neosetophoma rosigena as a novel species to Neosetophoma. Neosetophoma rosigena morphologically differs from other taxa in this genus, in having aseptate conidia, while others have septate conidia. Neostagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 364 (2013) Notes: Neostagonospora was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) to accommodate N. caricis and N. elegiaeis. These taxa are similar to Stagonospora in having pycnidial conidiomata with euseptate, hyaline, fusoid-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical conidia, but are distinct in having conidiogenous cells that are phialidic, with prominent periclinal thickenings (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Currently this genus comprises five species viz. N. arrhenatheri, N. caricis, N. elegiaeis, N. phragmitis and N. spinificis. In this study we introduce another new species, Neostagonospora artemisiae collected from Artemisia austriaca in Russia. Neostagonospora artemisiae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554188; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04029; Fig. 82. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Artemisia. Holotype: MFLU 15-2184. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead and dying stems of Artemisia austriaca. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 300–400 lm high, 200–300 lm diam. ( x = 346.4 9 235.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose, immersed, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium 15– 30 lm wide, composed of 4–6 layers, with outer 2–3 layers comprising brown and inner 3–4 layers of pale brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 1.5–3 lm long 9 2–3 lm wide, broadly compressed, phialidic, lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, apex with prominent periclinal thickening. Conidia 15–25 9 2– 2.5 lm ( x = 19.8 9 2.1 lm, n = 30), scolecosporous, irregularly curved, subcylindrical or fusiform, individually hyaline, pale brown at maturity as a mass, apex subobtuse, base truncate (slightly tapering from apical septum to apex and basal septum to hilum visible in some conidia), 2–4septate, smooth-walled, guttulate to granular. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 weeks at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, smooth margin, dirty white after 6 weeks, reverse pale luteous, flat on the surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thinwalled Known distribution: On Artemisia austriaca, European Russia. Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon City, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, stony steppe on slope (47.23475°N, 39.65570°E), on dead and dying stems of Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Asteraceae), 28 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0480 (MFLU 15-2184, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0693. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828929, LSU: MG829038, SSU: MG829144. Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of microfungi in Russia, an isolate of Neostagonospora artemisiae was recovered from Artemisia austriaca in the Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University. In our phylogenetic study (Clade C, Fig. 68), our new strain clusters with N. elegiae (CBS 135101, ex-type strain), which was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) from South Africa on Elegia cuspidata. For this clade (Clade C) no statistical support was recovered, but it is apart from the Neostagonospora sensu stricto. However, these two taxa are similar to other Neostagonospora species in having pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells with a prominent periclinal thickening and septate, hyaline, subcylindrical conidia (Fig. 82). Therefore, we keep both strains in Neostagonospora sensu lato. The conidial dimensions of Neostagonospora artemisiae and N. elegiae are different as 15–25 9 2–2.5 lm vs 50–65 9 2.5–3 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 131 Fig. 82 Neostagonospora artemisiae (MFLU 15-2184, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Peridium. e Different stages of conidiogenesis. e–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e–j = 10 lm (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013) respectively. Therefore, we introduce our new isolate as a new species in Neostagonospora. Ophiobolus Riess, Hedwigia 1(6): 27 (1854) Notes: Ophiobolus was introduced by Riess (1854) which is typified by O. disseminans and currently is one of the largest genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 epithets in Index Fungorum (2017). The genus was introduced to accommodate ‘dothideomycetous taxa having medium to large size, glabrous, papillate ascomata, and cylindrical asci with scolecosporous, multi-septate ascospores’ (Phookamsak et al. 2017). In a recent study, 123 132 Phookamsak et al. (2017) revealed the taxonomic framework of Ophiobolus and ophiobolus-like taxa and clarified their phylogenetic affinities in Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. Ophiobolus artemisiicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554189; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04030; Fig. 83. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host plant genus Artemisia, from which species the fungus was collected. Saprobic on dead stems of Artemisia austriaca. Sexual morph: Ascomata 250–320 lm high 230–280 lm diam. ( x = 285.1 9 257.6 lm, n = 5), semi-immersed, solitary, scattered or sometimes grouped beneath the host tissues, globose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 50–80 lm high 30–50 lm diam. ( x = 62.4 9 40.5 lm, n = 5) papillate, black, smooth, filled with hyaline to pale brown cells. Peridium 20–25 lm wide at the base, 30– 40 lm wide at the sides, with two layers, outer layer comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis and inner layer composed hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 110–130 9 10– 15 lm ( x = 116.9 9 12.4 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–45 9 5–7 lm ( x = 39.6 9 6.2 lm, n = 30), overlapping 2–4-seriate, filiform, 6–7-septate, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown or brown at maturity, upper part wider than lower part, with acute ends, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Artemisia, European Russia. Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty City, 20th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Solyonaya Balka (Salty gully) (47.7064983°N, 40.2663302°E), on dead stems of Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Asteraceae), 21 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0436 (MFLU 15-2137, holotype). ibid. Artemisia santonicum (Asteraceae), T-0433 (MFLU 15-2140). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828930, MG828931, LSU: MG829039, MG829040, SSU: MG829145, MG829146, TEF: MG829220, MG829221. Notes: Ophiobolus artemisiicola fits well within the generic concept of Ophiobolus in having glabrous, papillate ascomata, and cylindrical asci and multi-septate, filiform ascospores. Ophiobolus artemisiicola is morphologically more similar to Ophiobolus artemisiae in their asci and ascospore morphology. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses also reveals a close phylogenetic affinity between Ophiobolus artemisiae and O. artemisiicola 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 (Clade I, Fig. 68). However they are different in ascospore dimentions and septation. Ophiobolus artemisiae has 80–140 9 3–5 lm ascospores with 15–20 septa, while O. artemisiicola has 35–45 9 5–7 lm ascospores with 6–7septa. The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Poaceicola W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6 (6): 696 (2015) Li et al. (2015a) introduced Poaceicola to accommodate Poaceicola arundinis, P. bromi and P. elongata. The members of this genus are widely distributed on grasses (Poaceae) and currently nine species are recognized in the genus including two new species described here. Poaceicola agrostina Mapook, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554190; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04031; Fig. 84. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Agrostis. Holotype: MFLU 18-0113. Saprobic on dead aerial stem of Agrostis stolonifera. Sexual morph: Ascomata (125–)165–170 high 9 (178– )235–250 diam. ( x = 155.5 9 225 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary or scattered, coriaceous, subglobose to obpyriform, dark brown, Ostiolar neck protruding. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, comprising 3–4-layers of thin-walled, dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 3–5(–8) lm wide, broadly cylindrical, septate, branching, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 65–85 9 11–13 ( x = 75 9 12 lm, n = 5), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, short-pedicellate with an ocular chamber. Ascospores (20–)25–30 9 4–5 ( x = 27.5 9 5 lm, n = 10), overlapping, 2–3-seriate, cylindricfusiform, 6–7-septate, tapering towards the rounded ends, enlarged at the second cell from the apex, hyaline when immature, becoming pale yellowish brown at maturity, straight to slightly curved, smooth-walled, without terminal appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On dead aerial stem of Agrostis stolonifera. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Pietrapazza, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial stem of Agrostis stolonifera L. (Poaceae), 3 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2214 (MFLU 18-0113, holotype. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828945, LSU: MG829055, SSU: MG829160, TEF: MG829227. Notes: In our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses Poaceicola agrostina shares a close phylogenetic affinity to P. rosae, but this relationship is not statistically supported (Clade B, Fig. 68). Poaceicola agrostina and P. rosae are Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 133 Fig. 83 Ophiobolus artemisiicola (MFLU 15-2140, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d, e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–q Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, g–i = 20 lm, e, f, j–q = 10 lm 123 134 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 84 Poaceicola agrostina (MFLU 18-0113, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 50 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, h–k = 10 lm, e = 5 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 similar in ascomata, asci and ascospore characteristics. The ascospore septation differs, as Poaceicola agrostina has less than 7 transverse septa, while P. rosae has more than 8 septa. Poaceicola arundinicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 135 Index Fungorum number: IF554191; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04033; Fig. 85. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Arundo. Holotype: MFLU 16-0225. Saprobic on Arundo pliniana. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100–150 lm high, 90–120 lm diam. ( x = 114.7 9 Fig. 85 Poaceicola arundinicola (MFLU 16-0225, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through a conidioma. d peridium. e, f conidia attached to conidiogenous cells g–l Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–l = 10 lm 123 136 105.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or confluent, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole centrally located, papillate, circular. Peridium 10–15 lm wide, composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, integrated, flask-shaped, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 45–60 9 4–5 lm ( x = 51.8 9 4.5 lm, n = 40), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or slightly curved, 9–12-septate, slightly constricted at septa, mostly curved, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, pale brown, smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Arundo, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on aerial dead stems of Arundo pliniana Turra (Poaceae), 16 September 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2107 (MFLU 16-0225, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828946, LSU: MG829056, SSU: MG829161, TEF: MG829228, RPB2: MG829261. Notes: Poaceicola arundinicola was collected from Italy (Forli-Cesena Province) on Arundo sp. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Poaceicola arundinicola is closely related to P. arundinis (MFLUCC 15-0702) and P. italica (MFLUCC 13-0267) with strong bootstrap support (95% ML/1.00 BYPP, Clade B, Fig. 68). Poaceicola arundinicola resembles P. arundinis in having centrally located, papillate ostioles, phialidic conidiogenous cells and fusiform to cylindrical conidia. However, P. arundinis differs in having shorter and wider (30–40 9 6.5–10 vs 45–60 9 4–5 lm) conidia with 8 septa, versus 9–12 septa in P. arundinis. Poaceicola italica was collected from Arundo plinii in Italy and it is known only from its sexual morph. Even though, these three strains are monophyletic in our phylogenetic analyses with strong support and collected from the same host (Arundo in Italy), it is inappropriate to link both P. arundinis and P. arundinicola as the asexual morphs of P. italica, since they have morphological differences. We keep our new isolate (MFLU 16-0225) as a new species, Poaceicola arundinicola until we obtain further taxon sampling and further molecular work in future studies. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Poaceicola arundinis W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6 (6): 698 (2015) amend. Facesoffungi number: FoF 04032; Fig. 86. Saprobic on Poa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 250– 350 lm high, 250–300 lm diam. ( x = 288.6 9 273.9 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up to 50–80 lm long and 30–40 lm wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth, comprising dark- 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 brown to pale-brown cells. Peridium 40–50 lm wide at the base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides, comprising brown to dark brown cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150– 170 9 23–27 lm ( x = 161.7 9 25.1 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–40 9 12–14 lm ( x = 38 9 12.6 lm, n = 30), overlapping uni- to biseriate, ellipsoidal, sometimes curved, muriform, 7–9-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, upper part wider, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming golden-brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends. Asexual morph: Conidiomata dark brown, solitary or aggregated, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, papillate. Conidiomata wall comprising inner layers of cells of textura angularis, gradually merging with the outer, surrounding layers of brown, textura oblita. Ostiole central, circular to oval, papillate. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, formed from the inner cells of the stroma. Conidia pale brown, cylindrical, flexuous, up to 8-euseptate, slightly curved, smooth-walled, with middle cells wider than end cells, guttulate, with an acute apex, truncate at the base (Li et al. 2015a). Material examined: ITALY, Trento, Marilleva 1400, on dead aerial stems of Poa sp. (Poaceae), 2 August 2013, Erio Camporesi IT 1399 (MFLU 16-0158). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828947, LSU: MG829057, SSU: MG829162, TEF: MG829229. Notes: Li et al. (2015a) introduced Poaceicola arundinis which was collected on dead stems of Arundo plinii in Italy. In this study we have acquired DNA from a sexual morph and in multi-gene phylogeny our novel strain and Poaceicola arundinis group in a monophyletic clade. Even though this is not strongly supported, there were only six bp differences in the comparison of the 514 nucleotides across the ITS regions. Therefore, we introduce our taxon as the sexual morph of Poaceicola arundinis. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Poaceicola rosae Mapook, Camporesi& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554192; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04034; Fig. 87. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0114. Saprobic on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Ascomata (80–)125–145(–190) high 9 215–235 diam. ( x = 134 9 230 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 137 Fig. 86 Poaceicola arundinis (MFLU 16-0158). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Close up of ostiole. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm 123 138 Fig. 87 Poaceicola rosae (MFLU 18-0114, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j– o Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 50 lm, f–i = 20 lm, d, j–o = 10 lm, e = 5 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 through host tissue, solitary or scattered, coriaceous, globose to subglobose, dark brown, Ostiolar neck protruding. Peridium (5–)10–20 lm wide, comprising 2–3-layers of thin-walled, dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 2–3.5 lm wide, broadly cylindrical, septate, branching pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–85 9 10–13 ( x = 78.5 9 12 lm, n = 5), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, shortpedicellate with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–35 9 4–5 ( x = 31 9 4.5 lm, n = 10), overlapping 2–3-seriate, cylindric-fusiform, 8-septate, tapering towards the rounded ends, enlarged at the second cell from the apex, hyaline when immature, becoming pale yellowish brown at maturity, straight to slightly curved, smooth-walled, without terminal appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On dead aerial spines of Rosa canina, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Passo dei Mandrioli, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 4 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2212 (MFLU 18-0114, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828948, LSU: MG829058, SSU: MG829163, TEF: MG829230. Notes: See the notes under Poaceicola agrostina. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Populocrescentia Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75: 111 (2015) amend. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: See Ariyawansa et al. (2015). Asexual morph: hyphomycetous, Sporodochia brownish to black, scattered. Stromata hemispherical to spherical, composed of brown to reddishbrown, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Chlamydospores, variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary, verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, pale brown to dark brown, muriform. Type: Populocrescentia forlicesenensis Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Populocrescentia to accommodate P. forlicesenensis as a monotypic genus. Phylogenetic analysis in this study indicate that Populocrescentia ammophilae (MFLUCC 17-0665), P. forlicesenensis (MFLUCC 14-0651) and P. rosacea (MFLU 17-0128) are monophyletic with strong bootstrap support (100% ML, 98% MP and 1.00 BYPP, Clade H, Fig. 68). Populocrescentia rosacea is a hyphomycetous asexual morph and herein we amend Populocrescentia in order to accommodate its asexual morph. Populocrescentia ammophilae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. 139 Index Fungorum number: IF554193; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04035; Fig. 88. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Ammophila. Holotype: MFLU 16-0874. Saprobic on Ammophila arenaria. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high, 130–180 lm diam. ( x = 77.9 9 98.4 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide at the sides, comprising thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2– 2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–80 9 9–12 lm ( x = 66.3 9 10.6 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–17 9 4– 6 lm ( x = 15.5 9 5.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoidal, upper part wider than the lower part, 3-transversely septate, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Lathyrus, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Ravenna Province, Lido di Dante, on dead aerial stems of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (Poaceae), 9 February 2016, Erio Camporesi IT 2822 (MFLU 16-0874, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0665. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828949, LSU: MG829059, SSU: MG829164, TEF: MG829231. Notes: Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Populocrescentia ammophilae and P. forlicesenensis are closely related. They are morphologically different as Populocrescentia forlicesenensis has comparatively larger ascomata (150–270 lm high, 200–250 lm diam.) and asci (90–110914–20 lm) and muriform ascospores, whereas P. ammophilae has smaller ascomata (60–80 9 9–12) and asci (60–80 9 9–12 lm) with ascospores with only transverse septa (Fig. 88). Populocrescentia rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554194; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04036; Fig. 89. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6125. Saprobic on Rosa hissarica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Sporodochia brownish to black, scattered. Stromata hemispherical to spherical, composed of brown to reddish-brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Chlamydospores 10–14 9 8–12 lm ( x = 12.3 9 9.7 lm, n 123 140 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 88 Populocrescentia ammophilae (MFLU 16-0874, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h, i Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 50 lm, c–i = 10 lm = 30), variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary, verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, pale brown to dark brown, muriform. Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-1 (TASM 6125, holotype). MFLU 17-0128, isotype. 123 GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829060, SSU: MG829165, TEF: MG829232. Notes: The conidia of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture and we extracted DNA directly from the scraped conidia. Sclerostagonospora Höhn., Hedwigia 59: 252 (1917) Notes: Sclerostagonospora was established by Höhnel (1917a) and typified by S. heraclei. Sclerostagonospora species are characterized by pycnidial conidiomata with Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 141 Fig. 89 Populocrescentia rosae (TASM 6125, holotype). a, b Appearance of black sporodochia on the host. c, d Chlamydospores (Note the rough surface in d). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm holoblastic, determinate, discrete, ampulliform to irregular conidiogenous cells, and subcylindrical, 3-septate, pale brown, verruculose conidia (Sutton 1980; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013; Phookamsak et al. 2014). Morphologically, Sclerostagonospora differs from Stagonospora in its pigmented conidia (Sutton 1980; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Currently, twelve Sclerostagonospora species are listed in Index Fungorum (2017), but only five species in GenBank have sequences data. Sclerostagonospora lathyri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554196; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04038; Fig. 90. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Lathyrus. Holotype: MFLU 15-2525. Saprobic on Lathyrus. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 250– 350 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. ( x = 295.6 9 223.5 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or confluent, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole centrally located, papillate, circular. Peridium 15–30 lm wide, composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, integrated, flask-shaped, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 12–18 9 3.5–4.5 lm ( x = 15.9 9 3.8 lm, n = 40), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or slightly curved, 3-septate, slightly constricted at septa, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, pale brown, smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Lathyrus, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo, near Poppi, on dead aerial stems of Lathyrus sp. (Fabaceae), 16 May 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1876 (MFLU 15-2525, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0958. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828955, LSU: MG829066, SSU: MG829170, TEF: MG829235. Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, Sclerostagonospora lathyri clustered with other Sclerostagonospora species and in particularly, it shares a close affinity to S. opuntiae. Morphologically S. opuntiae differs from S. lathyri in having specific longitudinal striations on the conidia, whereas S. lathyri lacks longitudinal striations. Additionally, the host occurrence also differs in each species (Table 2). Sclerostagonospora rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554195; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04037; Fig. 91. 123 142 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 90 Sclerostagonospora lathyri (MFLUCC 14-0958, ex-type culture). a Colonies on PDA. b Vertical section of conidioma. d Conidiama wall. e–h Different stages of conidiogenesis. i–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, d = 20 lm, f–m = 10 lm Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0115. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 60–100 lm high, 80– 120 lm diam. ( x = 82.1 9 108.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, scattered, sub-epidermal to immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose, unilocular, brown. Conidiomata wall with outer layer thick, composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura globosa; inner layer thin, hyaline, almost 123 reduced to conidiogenous region. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–5 9 4– 5 lm, enteroblastic, phialidic, ampulliform to rarely lageniform, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth. Conidia 8–12 9 4–5 lm ( x = 9.5 9 4.5 lm, n = 40), ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, both ends rounded or rarely truncate at base, 1-transverse septate, rarely 2-transverse septate, constricted at septa, thick and smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Rosa, China. Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 143 Table 2 Synopsis of Sclerostagonospora species discussed in this study Conidiomata size (lm) Conidiogenous cell size (lm) Conidia Host occurrence References size (lm) Septation S. arundinis 90–130 9 80–120 8–10 9 1–2 lm 13–16 9 4–6 3(-4) Dead stem of Arundo plinii L. Wijayawardene et al. (2016) S. cycadis 60–300 diam. 3–6 9 3–5 lm (6–)7–10(–13) 9 3–4(–4.5) (0–)1–3 Leaves of Cycas revoluta Thunb. Crous et al. (2011) S. ericae 200 diam. 4–5 9 3–5 lm (7–)8–10(–11) 9 (2.5–)3 1–3 Leaves of Erica sp. Crous et al. (2016a) S. lathyri 250–350 9 200–250 – 12–18 9 3.5–4.5 3 Lathyrus sp. This study S. leucadendri – 4–6 9 3.5–5 (45–)50–60(–70) 9 (3–)3.5–4(–5) (6– )7–9(– 11) Leaves of a Leucadendron sp. Crous and Palm (1999) S. phragmiticola 400 diam. 6–15 9 3–4 (15–)20–25(–27) 9 (3–)3.5(–4) (1–)3(– 5) Leaves of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) S. opuntiae 200–250 9 250–275 6.5–8.5 9 5.5-7.5 12.5–18.5 9 4.5–5.5 3–5 Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Huhndorf (1992b) S. rosae 60–100 9 80–120 2–5 9 4–5 8–12 9 4–5 1 Spine of Rosa sp. This study S. rosicola 150–200 – 15-20 9 3–5 3 Spine of Rosa sp. This study Species 9100–150 Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan, Kunming, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming Institute of Botany, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) 19 March 2015, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe DHA5 (MFLU 18-0115, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828956, LSU: MG829067, SSU: MG829171, TEF: MG829236. Notes: Sclerostagonospora rosae fits the concept of Sclerostagonospora by having pycnidial conidiomata that give rise to hyaline conidiogenous cells that proliferate percurrently and sub-cylindrical, pigmented conidia (Crous et al. 2011; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Morphologically, Sclerostagonospora rosae differs from S. arundinis., S. leucadendri, S. opuntiae and S. phragmiticola in having mostly 1-septate, smaller conidia (Table 2). The dimensions of conidiomata and conidiogenous cells are also smaller than the above-mentioned species. Additionally, it is interesting to note close similarities of S. rosae with S. cycadis and S. ericae, but they can be distinguished by using morphological characters (Table 2). Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, S. rosae is basal to other Sclerostagonospora species and a proper phylogenetic segregation among these species are difficult as statistical support was too weak. Sclerostagonospora rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554197; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04039; Fig. 92. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-2783. Saprobic on Rosaceae. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 150– 200 lm high, 100–150 lm diam., pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole centrally located, papillate, circular. Peridium 15– 30 lm wide, composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, integrated, flaskshaped, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 15–20 9 3–5 lm ( x = 18 9 5 lm; n = 20), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or slightly curved, 3-septate, slightly constricted at septa, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, pale brown, smooth-walled. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province [AR], Montemezzano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 25 August 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2174 (MFLU 17-2783); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0129. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828957, LSU: MG829068, SSU: MG829172, TEF: MG829237. Notes: During our collecting, Sclerostagonospora rosicola was found on dead spines of Rosa sp. Morphological characters of S. rosicola fit with other Sclerostagonospora species in having pycnidial conidiomata, hyaline conidiogenous cells and sub-cylindrical, pigmented conidia (Crous 123 144 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 91 Sclerostagonospora rosae (MFLU 18-0115, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d– g Different stages of conidiogenesis. h–k Conidia. Scale bars: c = 50 lm, d = 10 lm, e–k = 5 lm et al. 2011; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). According to the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis Sclerostagonospora rosicola shares a close relationship with S. rosacearum with low bootstrap support. However, it differs in having large conidiomata (150–200 9 100–150 lm) and 3-septate, longer conidia (15–20 9 3–5 lm); whereas S. rosacearum has smaller conidiomata (60–100 9 80–120 lm) and mostly 1-septate, shorter conidia (8–12 9 4–5 lm). Wojnowicia Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 10: 328 (1892) Notes: Wojnowicia was established by Saccardo (1892) with W. hirta as the type species. Wojnowicia species are characterized by Sutton (1975) as having black, setose, pycnidial conidiomata which are often papillate, with welldefined ostioles, and enteroblastic and phialidic conidiogenous cells and brown, transversely euseptate conidia (Wijayawardene et al. 2013). Presently, there are 16 species epithets in Index Fungorum (2017). Recent studies have revealed a number of new species in this genus. For instance, W. dactylidicola., W. dactylidis W. lonicerae and W. spartii (Liu et al. 2015; Li et al. 2015a). The sexual 123 Fig. 92 Sclerostagonospora rosicola (MFLU 17-2783, holotype). a– c b Black conidiomata on the host. c Ostiole. d Vertical section of conidioma. e Section of peridium. f–h Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. i Germinated spore. j–l Conidia. m Culture on PDA medium. Scale bars a = 1000 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 100 lm. e = 20 lm, f–h = 5 lm. j–l = 5 lm, m = 25 mm morph of Wojnowicia was illustrated by Hyde et al. (2016) when introducing W. italica as a novel species. Wojnowicia rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554198; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04040; Fig. 93. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-2785. Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 150– 200 lm high, 100–150 lm diam., pycnidial, effuse, scattered, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 145 123 146 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 93 Wojnowicia rosicola (MFLU 17-2785, holotype). a–b Black conidiomata on the host. c, d Vertical sections of conidiomata. e Section of peridium. f–i Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. j–o Conidia. Scale bars a = 1000 lm, b = 200 lm, c–d = 100 lm. e = 20 lm. f–g = 10 lm. j–o = 10 mm brown, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate, circular. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Peridium 10– 20 lm wide, composed of 4–5 cell layers, thick-walled, textura angularis, becoming hyaline and thin-walled towards the inner conidiogenous cell-layer. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, determinate, flask-shaped, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 25–30 9 3.5–6 lm ( x = 28 9 5 lm; n = 20), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 5–7-septate, slightly constricted at septa, obtuse at apex and base, dark brown, smooth-walled, guttulate. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo [AR], Montemezzano, on dead aerial of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 25 August 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2200 (MFLU 17-2785); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0128. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828979, LSU: MG829091, SSU: MG829191. Notes: Wojnowicia rosicola resembles other species in Wojnowicia in having pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells and brown, transversely euseptate conidia (Wijayawardene et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2015; Li et al. 2015a). However, conidia of Wojnowicia rosicola (25–30 9 3.5–6 lm) are shorter than in W. dactylidis (35–40 9 4–5.5 lm) and W. lonicerae (38–49 9 5–6 lm). Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis shows a close affinity between Wojnowicia rosicola and W. spartii with low bootstrap support. Morphologically Wojnowicia rosicola differs from W. spartii in having 5–7-septate conidia; whereas W. spartii has 7–12-septate conidia. Pleosporaceae Nitschke, Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl.: 74 (1869) Notes: For the latest treatment of Pleosporaceae see Ariyawansa et al. (2015). Alternaria Nees, System der Pilze und Schwämme: 72 (1817) Notes: Nees (1816) introduced Alternaria based on A. tenuis which was characterized by the production of dark-coloured phaeodictyospores in chains, and a beak of tapering apical cells (Woudenberg et al. 2013). Species of Alternaria are saprobic, endophytic or pathogenic, which are associated with a wide variety of substrates including seeds, plants, agricultural products, animals, soil and the atmosphere (Woudenberg et al. 2013). Currently this is one of the species rich genera in Pleosporales having over 700 species epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2017, 147 December). See Woudenberg et al. (2013, 2015) for more details (Fig. 94). Alternaria doliconidium J.F. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554202; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04041; Fig. 95. Etymology: Named after its doliiform conidia Holotype: HKAS100840. Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Mycelium superficial on the substrate, composed of septate, branched, smooth, thinwalled, white to light pink coloured hyphae. Conidiophores (105–)114.2–126(–129.5) lm long 9 (8,7–)8.9–9.6(–11.4) lm diam ( x = 121.4 lm9 9.2 lm, n = 100), macronematous, mononematous, light brown to brown, thick-walled, smooth, septate, branched on base, straight or flexuous, cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells (6.2–)6.8–9.5(–11.5) lm long 9 (12.5–)14.8–15.4(–17) lm diam ( x = 8.5 lm 9 15.2 lm, n = 100), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrent, cylindrical, doliiform, subhyaline, smooth, colourless, thin-walled. Conidia (58.2–)62.2– 79(–81.2) lm long9 (22.5–)27–31.2(–32.5) lm diam ( x= 68.6 9 (22.5-)31.7 lm, n = 100) acrogenous, holoblastic, solitary, brown to dark brown, multiseptate, dry, simple, straight, curved, fusiform, obpyriform or obturbinate, subglobose, borne in chain, sometimes rostrate, unsmooth, thin-walled. Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 14 h and germ tubes produced from upper cells. Colonies growing on PDA, hairy or cottony, white to light brown, reaching 5 mm in 15 days at 25 °C, mycelium superficial, effuse, radially striate, with regular edge, white to light pink coloured hyphae; Asexual spores produced within 15 days; Sexual spores not formed within 60 days. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Raggio di Santa Sofia, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 16 October 2014, Erio Camporesi 2165 (HKAS100840), living culture = KUMCC 17-0263. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828864, LSU: MG828980, SSU: MG829094. Notes: Alternaria doliconidium is described here as new species and is unique based on its dark coloured, doliiform to subglobose, multi-septate conidia and conidiophores with swollen knots. In the phylogenetic analyses, A. doliconidium clusters with A. aborescens with high support. This is also the first record Alternaria sp. found on Rosa canina. Alternaria hampshirensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554203; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04042; Fig. 96. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Pleosporaceae 148 100/1.00 100/1.00 0.03 123 Pleospora herbarum MFLUCC 16-0304 Pleospora herbarum CBS 191.86 Pleospora herbarum BLE29 Pleospora halophila CBS410.73 Pleospora tarda CBS 714.68 Pleospora 69/-Pleospora herbarum IT 1785B Clade A Pleospora tomatonis CBS109844 Pleospora sedicola CBS109843 Stemphylium herbarum CBS 191.86 100/0.99 Pleospora rosae MFLU 16-0254 Pleospora rosae-caninae MFLU 16-0254 94/0.96 Paradendryphiella salina CBS 142.60 69/0.97 Paradendryphiella salina CBS 302.84 Dendryphiella arenaria AFTOL-ID 995 Dendryphiella salina CY3140 90/1.00 Cochliobolus cynodontis ICMP 6128 92/1.00 100/1.00 Cochliobolus miyabeanus MFLUCC 10-0694 99/1.00 Bipolaris melinidis isolate BRIP 12898 76/-Cochliobolus heterostrophus AFTOL-ID 54 100/1.00 Porocercospora seminalis CPC 21349 99/1.00 Porocercospora seminalis CPC 21332 61/0.98 Johnalcornia aberrans BRIP 16281 100/1.00 Curvularia ravenelii BRIP 13165 100/1.00 85/1.00 Curvularia heteropogonis CBS 284.91 Cochliobolus lunatus CBS 73096 100/1.00 Exserohilum sp. NK931 --/0.97 Exserohilum sp. C950801 Setosphaeria monoceras CBS 209.78 80/1.00 Alternaria hampshirensis MFLU 17-0642 Alternaria hampshirensis MFLUCC 17-0783 Alternaria slovaca CBS 567.66 Alternaria cesenica MFLUCC 13-0450 Alternaria infectoria CBS 210.86 82/0.98 Lewia infectoria CBS 210.86 Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis CBS 303.71 81/1.00 Alternaria conjuncta CBS 196.86 Alternaria ethzedia MFLUCC 13-0404 100/1.00 Alternaria ethzedia CBS 197.86 Alternaria Alternaria ethzedia CBS 197.86 100/1.00 Alternaria oregonensis CBS 542.94 Clade B 100/1.00 Alternaria armoraciae CBS 118702 99/1.00 100/1.00 Alternaria breviramosa CBS 121331 98/-- Chalastospora gossypii CPC 15567 100/1.00 Alternaria obclavata CBS 124120 100/1.00 Alternaria arborescens CBS 102605 92/1.00 Alternaria doliconidium KUMCC 17-0263 98/1.00 Alternaria nobilis CBS 116490 75/0.97 100/1.00 Alternaria solani CBS 116651 Alternaria macrospora CBS 117228 Alternaria eureka CBS 193.86 100/1.00 Pyrenophora tritici-repentis DAOM 55184 100/1.00 Pyrenophora tritici-repentis DAOM 226218 79/-Pyrenophora dictyoides DAOM 75616 100/1.00 Pyrenophora chaetomioides DAOM 208989 100/1.00 Pyrenophora phaeocomes AFTOL-ID 283 Pyrenophora phaeocomes DAOM 222769 Pleospora ambigua CBS 366.52 Comoclathris lini MFLUCC 14-0968 Comoclathris lini MFLUCC 14-0931 Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0607 65/-- Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0817 98/1.00 Comoclathris sedi MFLU 14-0761 Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0763 95/1.00 77/1.00 Comoclathris rosae MFLU 16-0234 2209 Comoclathris Comoclathris rosae MFLU 15-0203 2183 Clade C Comoclathris rosarum MFLUCC 14-0962 1915 63/-- Comoclathris spartii MFLUCC 13-0214 100/1.00 Comoclathris italica MFLU 16-0243 Comoclathris permunda MFLUCC 14-0974 Comoclathris rosigena MFLU 16-0229 2153 69/1.00 96/0.96 Comoclathris compressa CBS 157.53 93/1.00 Comoclathris compressa CBS 156.53 61/-Comoclathris pimpinellae MFLUCC 14-1159 Comoclathris italica MFLUCC 15-0073a Neocamarosporium goegapense CPC 23676 Neocamarosporiaceae (Outgroup) Neocamarosporium chichastianum CBS 137502 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 94 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequenced data of Pleosporaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Ariyawansa et al. (2015) and GenBank. Seventy-six strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3404 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neocamarosporium chichastianum (CBS 137502) and N. goegapense (CPC 23676) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 17842.791541 is presented. The matrix had 1000 distinct alignment patterns, with 29.16% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.253567, C = 0.227952, G= 0.268963, T = 0.249518; substitution rates AC = 1.715200, AG = 3.658438, AT = 1.346656, CG = 1.054492, CT = 7.209446, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.615557. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Hampshire county in England, from where the species was collected. Holotype: MFLU 17-0641. Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual state: Ascomata 100– 150 lm high 150–200 lm diam. ( x = 125.7 9 179.6 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm ( x = 105.3 9 11.7 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 17–22 9 8– 10 lm ( x = 20.3 9 9.6 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 3–5-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at the remaining septa, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, pointed at upper end, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa sp., UK. Material examined: UK, Burrfield, Portsmouth, Hampshire, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ283A (MFLU 17-0641, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0783. ibid. GJ283B2 (MFLU 17-0642, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828865, MG828866, LSU: MG828981, MG828982, SSU: MG829095, MG829096, RPB2: MG829246, MG829247. Notes: Alternaria hampshirensis is introduced here as a new species that is known only by its sexual morph which was collected from Rosa sp. in the UK. Farr and Rossman (2017) listed Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, A. rosae, A. rosicola, A. rosifolii, A. tamijiana, A. tenuis and 149 A. tenuissima from Rosa species which were collected in Armenia, Chile, China, India, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, no sexual morphs have been reported for those species and there is inadequate molecular data for phylogenetic comparisons (except Alternaria alternata). The sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is different from our new species as Alternaria alternata has comparatively larger asci (170–190 9 23–30 lm) and ascospores (37–43 9 13–14 lm) (Ariyawansa et al. 2015), than A. hampshirensis (asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm, ascospores 17–22 9 8–10). Comoclathris Clem., The genera of Fungi: 37, 173 (1909) Notes: Clements (1909) introduced the genus Comoclathris, typified by Comoclathris lanata. DNA based sequence data are not available for these species, C. lanata and currently the genus is accepted in Pleosporaceae (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Wijayawardene et al. 2017). There are 40 epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2017) under this genus and most of them lack DNA sequence data. In this study we updated the genus with these threenew species which were collected from Italy. Comoclathris rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554204; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04043; Fig. 97. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-0203. Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–150 lm high 175–200 lm diam. ( x = 135.7 9 173.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 8– 15 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide at the sides, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70– 110 9 15–30 lm ( x = 87.4 9 19.7 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–30 9 8–15 lm ( x = 24.9 9 11.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 4–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at the remaining septa, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, conically rounded at both ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, Bagno di Cetica, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) 10 April 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2183 (MFLU 15-0203, holotype). ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], near 123 150 Fig. 95 Alternaria doliconidium (HKAS100840, holotype). a Rosa spines. b Colonies on dead spines. c Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. d–g Conidiophores. h–o Conidia. p Germinated spore. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 q Cultures on PDA media. Scale bars: a = 0.5 cm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–p = 50 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 151 Fig. 96 Alternaria hampshirensis (MFLU 17-0641, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–h = 20 lm Monte Fumaiolo, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 27 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2209 (MFLU 16-0234, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828876, MG828877, LSU: MG828992, MG828993, SSU: MG829103, MG829104, RPB2: MG829249, MG829250. 123 152 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 97 Comoclathris rosae (MFLU 16-0234, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci. g–k Ascospores. l Ascospore stained with Indian ink showing sheath. Scale bars: b = 50 lm, c, d = 10 lm, e, f = 20 lm, g–l = 10 lm Notes: During the study of saprobic fungi in Italy, two isolates recovered from Rosa canina were morphologically similar in their ascomata, pseudoparaphyses, asci and ascospore characteristics. The dimensions of ascospores and asci were almost identical and in our phylogenetic 123 analyses (Clade C), these two isolates group in a monophyletic clade within Comoclathris and sister to C. lini and C. sedi. The ascospore dimensions of our new isolates (20–30 9 8–15 lm) are comparatively larger than C. sedi (19–20 9 8–10 lm). The ascospores of our new isolates Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 differ from C. lini in having conically rounded ends, while C. lini has broadly rounded ends. Therefore, we introduce our new isolates as Comoclathris rosae sp. nov. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Comoclathris rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554205; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04044; Fig. 98. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0201. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–300 lm high 300–400 lm diam. ( x = 244.2 9 358.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10– 15 lm wide at the base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150–200 9 35–50 lm ( x = 176.4 9 42.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–60 9 20–25 lm ( x = 51.8 9 23.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2seriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 6–7-transversely septate, with 2–4 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at the remaining septa, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, Casuccia di Micheli, Quota, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 5 June 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1915 (MFLU 16-0201, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0962. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828878, LSU: MG828994, SSU: MG829105, RPB2: MG829251. Notes: Comoclathris rosarum is introduced here as a new species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina. In our phylogenetic analyses Comoclathris rosarum is closely related to C. rosae, which was also collected from the same host and same country. However, their ascospores differ as Comoclathris rosarum (40–60 9 20–25 lm) has comparatively larger ascospores than C. rosae (20–30 9 8–15 lm). Comoclathris rosigena Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554206; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04045; Fig. 99. 153 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0229. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual state: Ascomata 180–220 lm high, 300–400 lm diam. ( x = 197.4 9 350.8 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 8– 15 lm wide at the base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150–180 9 45–60 lm ( x = 166.8 9 52.1 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–60 9 16–24 lm ( x = 51.7 9 21.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1-vertical septum, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, conical at upper end and rounded at lower end, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Campigna, Santa Sofia, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 6 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2153 (MFLU 16-0229, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828879, LSU: MG828995, SSU: MG829106, RPB2: MG829252. Notes: Comoclathris rosigena is introduced here as a new species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina. In our phylogenetic analyses Comoclathris rosigena is closely related to C. italica, C. permunda and C. spartii which were also collected from same country. However, their ascospores differ as Comoclathris rosigena ([ 40 lm) has comparatively larger ascospores than them (\40 lm). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Pleospora rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554207; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04046; Fig. 100. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0254. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual state: Ascomata 150–200 lm high 250–330 lm diam. ( x = 170.9 9 284.5 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10– 20 lm wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–4 lm wide, 123 154 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 98 Comoclathris rosarum (MFLU 16-0201, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. k Ascospore stained with Indian ink. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, e, f = 20 lm, d, g–k = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 155 Fig. 99 Comoclathris rosigena (MFLU 16-0229, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, e, f = 20 lm, d, g–j = 10 lm filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 100–120 9 20–30 lm ( x = 109.2 9 24.7 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–32 9 10–14 lm ( x = 28.9 9 12.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, conical at upper end and rounded at lower end, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 31 March 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2428 (MFLU 16-0254, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828942, LSU: MG829052, SSU: MG829157, RPB2: MG829259. Notes: Pleospora rosae is introduced here as a new species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina. In 123 156 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 100 Pleospora rosae (MFLU 16-0254, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, i–l = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 our phylogenetic analyses Pleospora rosae is closely related to P. rosae-caninae which was also collected from same host and same country. However, their asci differ as Pleospora rosae ([130 lm) has comparatively longer asci than P. rosae-caninae (\120 lm). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Pleospora rosae-caninae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554208; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04047; Fig. 101. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host plant name Rosa canina. Holotype: MFLU 16-0245. Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 180–220 lm high 270–350 lm diam. ( x = 195.3 9 310.5 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 20– 30 lm wide at the base, 40–60 lm wide at the sides, comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–4 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–160 9 20–30 lm ( x = 147.6 9 27.7 lm, n = 20), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–36 9 12–16 lm ( x = 32.3 9 14.9 lm, n = 30), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 6–8-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, rounded at both end, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Tessello, Cesena, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 5 March 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2402 (MFLU 16-0245, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828943, LSU: MG829053, SSU: MG829158, RPB2: MG829260. Notes: See notes under Pleospora rosae. Sporormiaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 17 (1): 450 (1957) Notes: Sporormiaceae was introduced by Munk (1957), of whom members can occur worldwide and live as saprobes on various substrates including dung, plant debris, soil and also wood (Kruys and Wedin 2009). Arenal et al. (2007) reported that family species can be found as endophytic representatives. Currently, Sporormiaceae comprises nine genera (Karunarathna et al. 2017) and in this study, we introduce a further new genus (Sporormurispora) 157 to this family based on phylogenetic and morphological evidences. Sporormurispora Wanas., Bulgakov, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554209; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04048. Etymology: The generic epithet is from the combination of two words: ‘‘sporor’’ and ‘‘murispora’’—meaning muriform ascospores in Sporormiaceae. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or confluent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole central, papillate, smooth. Peridium thick, comprising 2 layers, outer layer comprising heavily pigmented, thinwalled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer comprising thick-walled, blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 6–10-transversely septate, with 2–3-longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: During our investigation on diversity of saprobes in terrestrial habitats, two different isolates of Sporormurispora were recovered from Russia and Uzbekistan and both of them constitute a strongly supported monophyletic clade in between Preussia and Sparticola (Fig. 102) in a combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF and RPB2 sequence data analysis. These are characterized by black, globose, uniloculate ascomata with an ostiole, thick peridium, comprising 6–8 layers, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical asci and uniseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, brown, muriform ascospores. Apart from Sporormurispora, Sparticola muriformis is the only taxon which has muriform ascospores in Sporormiaceae. In our phylogenetic analyses these two members are phylogenetically apart. Therefore, we refer our new isolates in a new genus, Sporormurispora as two new species. Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554210; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04049; Fig. 103. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the host plant genus Atraphaxis. 123 158 Fig. 101 Pleospora rosae-caninae (MFLU 16-0245, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h–k Ascospores (note the ascospore stained with 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Indian ink in k). Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, h– k = 10 lm, e–g = 20 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Holotype: MFLU 18-0116. Saprobic on dead stems of Atraphaxis replicata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 600–750 lm high 400–550 lm diam ( x = 691.3 9 462.4 lm, n = 10), black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or confluent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole 150–200 lm long, 100–150 lm wide, central, papillate, smooth. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2 layers, outermost layer comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 180–240 9 20–25 lm ( x = 210 9 22.7 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–33 9 12–16 lm ( x = 30.3 9 13.6 lm, n = 40), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 6–7-transversely septate, with 2–3 longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On dead stems of Atraphaxis replicata, European Russia. Material examined: RUSSIA, Republic of Crimea, Feodosia City Municipality, Lisya Bukhta-Echkidag landscape park, steppe slopes of gully, on stems of Atraphaxis replicata Lam. (possible synonym of Atraphaxis spinosa L., Polygonaceae), 22 June 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov CR003 (MFLU 18-0116, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0742. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828971, LSU: MG829083, SSU: MG829183. Notes: Sporormurispora atraphaxidis was collected from Atraphaxis replicata in Russia and it clusters with S. pruni, which was collected from Prunus erythrocarpa in Uzbekistan. These two taxa are similar in ascomata shape, the thick peridium, pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical asci and uniseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, brown, muriform ascospores (Figs. 103, 104). However, they are different in some characters in ascospore morphology as Sporormurispora atraphaxidis has mostly ellipsoidal ascospores with 6–7 transverse septa, while S. pruni has mostly dumbbellshaped ascospores with 8–10 transverse septa. Further comparison of the ITS regions also reveals Sporormurispora atraphaxidis differs from S. pruni by 16/496 (3.23%) nucleotide differences that warrants separate species status. 159 Sporormurispora pruni Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554211; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04050; Fig. 104. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Prunus. Holotype: TASM 6126. Saprobic on Prunus erythrocarpa (Nevski) Gilli. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450–550 lm high 350–450 lm diam ( x = 510.1 9 400.4 lm, n = 10), black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or confluent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole 80–160 lm long, 700–110 lm wide, central, papillate, smooth. Peridium 20–30 lm wide at the base, 30–45 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2 layers, outermost layer comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, guttulate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 180–270 9 17–22 lm ( x = 219.2 9 19.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 12–16 lm ( x = 33.9 9 14.5 lm, n = 40), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal or dumbbell-shaped, 8-10transversely septate, with 2-3-longitudinal septa, widest at the ends, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Prunus erythrocarpa, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on branches of Prunus erythrocarpa (Nevski) Gilli (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S39-2 (TASM 6126, holotype); MFLU 17-0073, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0803. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828972, LSU: MG829084, SSU: MG829184. Notes: See the notes under Sporormurispora atraphaxidis. Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 82: 374 (2002) Notes: Barr (2002) introduced the family Teichosporaceae to accommodate eight genera viz. Bertiella, Byssothecium, Chaetomastia, Immotthia, Loculohypoxylon, Moristroma, Sinodidymella and Teichospora. Later Hyde et al. (2013) listed only Chaetomastia, Loculohypoxylon, Sinodidymella and Teichospora as accepted genera of Teichosporaceae. In a recent study, Jaklitsch et al. (2016b) synonymised Floricolaceae under Teichosporaceae. 123 160 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Westerdykella ornata CBS 379.55 Westerdykella cylindrica CBS 454.72 Westerdykella dispersa CBS 297.56 70/0.95 Eremodothis angulata CBS 610.74 Sporormia fimetaria UPSLundqvist 2302c 100/1.00 Sporormia fimetaria UPSDissing Gr.81.194 Preussia lignicola CBS 264.69 100/1.00 84/0.97 Sporormia lignicola CBS 363.69 Preussia minima CBS 524.50 Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74 100/1.00 Preussia flanaganii CBS 112.73 Sporormiaceae Sporormurispora pruni MFLUCC 17-0803 100/1.00 Sporormurispora atraphaxidis MFLUCC 17-0742 Sparticola junci MFLU 16-0242 99/1.00 Sparticola junci MFLUCC 13-0926 97/1.00 Sparticola junci MFLUCC 15-0030 Massariosphaeria triseptata CBS 614.86 100/1.00 Sparticola muriformis MFLUCC 17-0316 99/1.00 Sparticola forlicesenae MFLUCC 14-1097 98/1.00 Sparticola forlicesenae MFLUCC 14-0952 100/1.00 Preussia sp. ELV3.2 100/1.00 Preussia sp. ELV3.11 Forliomyces uniseptata MFLUCC 15-0765 Massarina corticola CBS 154.93 68/1.00 Angustimassarina quercicola MFLUCC 14-0506 100/1.00 Angustimassarina acerina MFLUCC 14-0505 Amorosiaceae 92/1.00 Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034 Amorosia littoralis NN 6654 100/1.00 Floricola striata JK 5678I 99/1.00 Floricola striata JK 5603K 99/1.00 Floricola viticola MFLUCC 15-0039 Misturatosphaeria tennesseensis ANM 911 Misturatosphaeria kenyensis GKM 1195 Teichosporaceae Teichospora rubriostiolata TR7S 90/1.00 100/1.00 Teichospora trabicola C134S Misturatosphaeria minima GKM 169N Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284 Lophiostoma macrostomum KT508 98/1.00 89/0.98 Lophiostoma crenatum AFTOL-ID 1581 87/0.99 Lophiostoma caulium CBS 623.86 100/1.00 Lophiostoma compressum KT 534 Lophiostomataceae 100/1.00 Lophiostoma arundinis AFTOL-ID 1606 97/1.00 Platystomum scabridisporum BCC 22835 Lophiostoma fuckelii CBS 101952 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080 Melanommataceae (Outgroup) 0.03 67/-- 100/1.00 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 102 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF and RPB2 sequence data of Sporormiaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Karunarathna et al. (2017) and GenBank. Forty-five strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 4391 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (CBS 124080) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 23630.617605 is presented. The matrix had 1706 distinct alignment patterns, with 43.69% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.245992, C = 0.246885, G = 0.275250, T = 0.231873; substitution rates AC = 1.435450, AG = 3.214619, AT = 1.739587, CG = 1.329526, CT = 8.307871, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.574263. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Consequently, all the genera which were accepted in Thambugala et al. (2015) became synonyms of Teichospora. However, we follow the classification of Hyde et al. (2017) in this study. Teichospora rubriostiolata Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Mycological Progress 15 (3/31): 13 (2016) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04051; Figs. 105, 106. Saprobic on Rosa multibracteata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 600–750 lm high 400–550 lm diam ( x = 452.4 9 521.8 lm, n = 5), scattered or aggregated in groups, semiimmersed to erumpent, globose, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostioles up to 50–70 lm long, apically 80–150 lm wide (n = 5), central, papillate, reddish-orange or black. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides, comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow hyaline, nondescript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells, tending to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented outer textura angularis with cells, with walls becoming thicker towards the outside. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 110–130 9 10–13 lm ( x = 121.1 9 11.8 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical or oblong, with a short pedicel and simple or knob-like base, walls narrow, apex rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 17–21 9 6–8 lm ( x = 19.3 9 7.3 lm, n = 40), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid, oblong to subfusoid, often slightly attenuated downwards, straight to slightly curved, with 2–3septa, strongly constricted at the median primary septum, not or only slightly at other septa, first hyaline to pale brown, turning dark brown when mature, end cells sometimes lighter, smooth-walled, without a sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. 161 Known distribution: Europe (Belgium, Germany, Norway, Scotland). Material examined: UK, Scotland, Edinburgh, on dead stem of Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson (Rosaceae), 18 April 2016, Mingkwan Doilom SCOT01 (MFLU 16-1247). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828974, LSU: MG829086, SSU: MG829186. Notes: Teichospora rubriostiolata was introduced by the Jaklitsch et al. (2016b), which was collected from Norway (on Ribes sanguinea), Belgium (on Vaccinium myrtillus) and Germany (on Robinia pseudoacacia). In this study, we introduce another host record to Teichospora rubriostiolata from Scotland from a dead stem of Rosa multibracteata. See more information about Teichospora rubriostiolata in Jaklitsch et al. (2016b). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Thyridariaceae Q. Tian & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 63 (1): 254 (2013) Notes: Hyde et al. (2013) introduced Thyridariaceae to accommodate the genus Thyridaria based on its unique morphology and phylogenetic placement in their Dothideomycetes backbone tree. Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2016) synonymized Roussoellaceae under Thyridariaceae. However, Tibpromma et al. (2017) argued that Roussoellaceae is a well-resolved family and this study also supports their argument (Fig. 107). Cycasicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554213; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04052. Etymology: Name reflects the host genus Cycas Saprobic on Cycas sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, immersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, hyaline or pale brown, smooth-walled. Type: Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: In this study we obtained an isolate from a specimen which was collected from India (Cycasicola goaensis). This isolate has a close phylogenetic affinity to Pararoussoella rosarum in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Clade C, Fig. 107). However, in this study we introduce two new genera Cycasicola and Pararoussoella 123 162 Fig. 103 Sporormurispora atraphaxidis (MFLU 18-0116, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d, e Section of ascoma. f Close up of ostiole. g, h Peridium. i Pseudoparaphyses. j–l Asci. m–r Ascospores. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b–d = 200 lm, e = 100 lm, f = 50 lm, g, h, j–l = 20 lm, i, m–r = 10 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 163 Fig. 104 Sporormurispora pruni (TASM 6126, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c, d Section of ascoma. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–p = 10 lm 123 164 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Teichospora trabicola C141 Teichospora trabicola C157 93/1.00 Teichospora trabicola C160 Teichospora trabicola C134 92/0.98 Teichospora pusilla C140 Neocurreya proteae CBS 122675 100/1.00 Neocurreya austroafricana CBS 122674 Neocurreya austroafricana CBS 119330 88/1.00 100/1.00 Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM 1195 100/1.00 Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM 234N Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM L100Na 96/1.00 Neocurreya grandicipis CPC 1852 Neocurreya grandicipis CPC 1853 Neocurreya claviformis GKM 1210 Teichospora rubriostiolata TR5 Teichospora rubriostiolata C158 Teichospora rubriostiolata TR7 98/1.00 Teichospora rubriostiolata C158 Teichospora rubriostiolata MFLU 16-1247 77/0.98 Teichospora uniseriata ANM 909 Teichospora melanommoides MP5 80/1.00 99/1.00 Misturatosphaeria uniseptata SMH 4330 Misturatosphaeria radicans ATCC 42522 96/0.99 62/0.96 Misturatosphaeria aurantonotata GKM 1280 Misturatosphaeria aurantonotata GKM 1238 Misturatosphaeria sp. SMH 3747 74/0.95 Misturatosphaeria acaciae CPC 24801 85/1.00 Magnibotryascoma desmazieri MFLUCC 12-0088 Magnibotryascoma mali MFLUCC 17-0933 74/-- Aurantiascoma minima ANM 60 86/-- Aurantiascoma minima ANM 933 Aurantiascoma minima GKM 169N Aurantiascoma minima SMH 2448 78/-Asymmetrispora mariae C139 Asymmetrispora mariae C144 Asymmetrispora mariae C159 100/1.00 Asymmetrispora mariae C134m 65/-Asymmetrispora mariae CBS 124079 100/1.00 Asymmetrispora mariae C136 Asymmetrispora tennesseensis ANM 911 96/1.00 100/1.00 Floricola striata JK 5603K 65/-Floricola striata JK 5678I 86/0.99 Floricola viticola MFLUCC 15-0039 Pseudomisturatosphaeria cruciformis SMH 5151 100/1.00 Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC10-0126 Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284 95/0.99 Lophiostoma macrostomum KT508 87/0.97 Lophiostoma crenatum AFTOL-ID 1581 89/0.97 Lophiostoma caulium CBS 623.86 100/1.00 Lophiostoma compressum KT 534 Lophiostomataceae --/1.00 100/1.00 Lophiostoma arundinis AFTOL-ID 1606 100/1.00 Platystomum scabridisporum BCC 22835 Lophiostoma fuckelii CBS 101952 Sporormia fimetaria UPSDissing Gr.81.194 64/-Preussia minima AFTOL-ID 1256 100/0.95 Westerdykella cylindrica CBS 454.72 Sporormiaceae 100/1.00 Preussia terricola DAOM 230091 Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080 Lophiostomataceae (Outgroup) 0.03 Teichosporaceae 88/1.00 98/0.99 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 105 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF and RPB2 sequence data of Teichosporaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Thambugala et al. (2015) and Jaklitsch et al. (2016b). Fifty-nine strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 5194 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (CBS 124080) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 22439.534893 is presented. The matrix had 1572 distinct alignment patterns, with 54.16% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.243146, C = 0.250199, G = 0.279528, T = 0.227127; substitution rates AC = 1.341851, AG = 3.651244, AT = 1.742741, CG = 1.305218, CT = 9.462098, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.492844. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue even though they cluster as a single lineage in Clade C (Fig. 107). There are substantial morphological differences between these two taxa to warrant generic rank. In addition, other phylogenetic analyses (results not shown here) indicate that they are distinct genera (Tibpromma et al. 2018 pers. comm.). Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554214; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04053; Fig. 108. Etymology: Name reflects Goa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0581. Saprobic on Cycas sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100– 140 lm high 120–160 lm diam. ( x = 124.1 9 141.3 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, immersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–20 lm wide, composed of brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 3.5–5 9 2.2–2.6 lm ( x = 4.3 9 2.2 lm, n = 40), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, hyaline or pale brown, smooth-walled. Known distribution: On Cycas sp., India. Material examined: INDIA, Goa, on petiole of Cycas sp. (Cycadaceae), 10 October 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ205 (MFLU 17-0581, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0754. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828885, LSU: MG829001, SSU: MG829112, TEF: MG829198. 165 Notes: Cycasicola goaensis is morphologically similar to Microsphaeropsis in having phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline, conidiogenous cells and fusiform to cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, pale brown to yellowish conidia. However, these two genera do not group with our new isolates in primary analyses (data not shown). Neoconiothyrium Wanas., Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554215; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04054. Etymology: The generic name is based on the morphological similarity to Coniothyrium. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Pycnidial wall multi–layered, with 3–4 outer layers of brown–walled cells of textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells discrete, often positioned on clumps of cells that protrude into the cavity, broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, annellidic, often with an elongated neck showing several distinct percurrent proliferations. Conidia globose to irregularly ellipsoid, initially hyaline and guttulate, after secession golden-brown, mature conidial wall orange-brown, the outer surface smooth. Type: Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde Notes: In this study we have obtained a culture from a specimen, which was collected from dead spines of Rosa canina in Italy. DNA sequence analyses herein cluster this isolate in a strongly supported clade with Arthopyrenia sp. (UTHSCDI16-334). The strain UTHSCDI16-334 is not related to any type materials and therefore it is inappropriate to rely on it for a phylogenetic discussion. Morphologically our new isolate resembles Coniothyrium in having globose to irregularly ellipsoid, initially hyaline, golden-brown conidia with guttules. There are no remaining taxa in this family with respects to these asexual characteristics. Thus, Neoconiothyrium is introduce to accommodate coniothyrium-like members in Teichosporaceae. Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554216; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04055; Fig. 109. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 18-0117. Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 120– 123 166 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 106 Teichospora rubriostiolata (MFLU 16-1247). a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Horizontally cut ascostroma. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d, e, i–n = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm 170 lm diam. 9 190–240 lm high ( x = 131 9 210 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Pycnidial wall 10–30 lm wide, multi-layered, with 3-4 outer layers of brown-walled cells of textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells 4–7 9 3–7 lm ( x = 5 9 5 lm, n = 20), discrete, often positioned on clumps of cells that protrude into the cavity, broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, annellidic, often with an elongated neck showing several distinct percurrent proliferations. Conidia 6–8 9 4–7 lm ( x=69 5 lm, n = 40), globose to irregularly ellipsoid, initially hyaline and guttulate, after secession golden-brown, 123 mature conidial wall orange-brown, the outer surface smooth. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 9 December 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2296 (MFLU 18-0117, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0052. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828922, LSU: MG829032, SSU: MG829138. Notes: See notes under Neoconiothyrium. Parathyridaria Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Studies in Mycology 85: 48 (2016) Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 167 Parathyridaria ramulicola MRR1 Parathyridaria ramulicola MF4 94/1.00 Parathyridaria rosae MFLUCC 17-0800 Clade A 100/1.00 Parathyridaria percutanea CBS 128203 Parathyridaria percutanea CBS 868.95 66/1.00 Thyridaria broussonetiae TB2 Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1 99/0.97 Thyridaria broussonetiae TB 100/1.00 Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1a Thyridaria acaciae CBS138873 Neoroussoella lenispora GZCC16-0020 ‘Arthopyrenia’ sp. UTHSCDI16-334 92/1.00 Clade B Neoconiothyrium Neoconiothyrium rosae MFLUCC 15-0052 Cycasicola Cycasicola goaensis MFLUCC 17-0754 85/-Clade C Pararoussoella Pararoussoella rosarum MFLUCC 17-0796 Neoroussoella bambusae MFLUCC 11-0124 Roussoella hysterioides CBS 546.94 99/1.00 96/1.00 Roussoella japanensis MAFF 239636 Roussoella verrucispora CBS 125434 Roussoella scabrispora MFLUCC 11-0624 99/1.00 Roussoella scabrispora RSC Roussoella pustulans MAFF 239637 99/1.00 64/0.96 Roussoella intermedia NBRC 106245 98/1.00 Roussoellopsis tosaensis MAFF 239638 Roussoellopsis macrospora MFLUCC 12-0005 68/-Roussoellopsis sp. KT 1710 100/1.00 Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0634 97/1.00 Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0182 Roussoella thailandica MFLUCC 11-0621 Roussoella magnatum MFLUCC 15-0185 67/-79/1.00 Roussoella angustior MFLUCC 15-0186 Roussoella chiangraina MFLUCC 10-0556 Arthopyrenia salicis MUT<ITA>4879 96/1.00 100/1.00 Roussoella neopustulans MFLUCC 11-0609 86/-- Roussoella intermedia CBS 170.96 93/-- Arthopyrenia salicis UTHSCDI16-220 85/1.00 Arthopyrenia salicis CBS 368.94 Roussoella mexicana CPC 25355 Roussoella siamensis MFLUCC 11-0149 Arthopyrenia sp. UTHSCDI16-362 Nigrograna mackinnonii CBS 110022 100/1.00 Nigrogranaceae (Outgroup) Nigrograna mackinnonii CBS 674.75 0.02 Roussoellaceae/ Thyridariaceae 100/1.00 97/1.00 Fig. 107 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence data of Thyridariaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tibpromma et al. (2017). Forty-one strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3472 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Nigrograna mackinnonii (CBS 110022 and CBS 674.75) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 13377.069229 is presented. The matrix had 816 distinct alignment patterns, with 34.1% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.243882, C = 0.255566, G = 0.272907, T = 0.227645; substitution rates AC = 1.65562, AG = 2.7603, AT = 1.501162, CG = 1.01901, CT = 8.473696, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.49788. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue 123 168 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 108 Cycasicola goaensis (MFLU 17-0581, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different stages of conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm, e = 5 lm Notes: Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2016) introduced Parathyridaria to accommodate Parathyridaria percutanea and P. ramulicola which are recorded as saprobes and human pathogens respectively. Parathyridaria is primarily characterized by immersed and globose ascomata, a pseudoparenchymatous peridium, papillate and periphysate ostioles, branched and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, narrowly clavate asci, fusoid, multi-septate, pale to greyish brown ascospores, where upper part is slightly broader than the lower part, globose to subglobose pycnidia, with thin pseudoparenchymatous wall (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016), phialidic conidiogenous cells, ellipsoid, unicellular and hyaline to pale brown conidia (Ahmed et al. 2014). In this study one of our isolates, MFLUCC 17-0800 groups with Parathyridaria ramulicola and P. percutanea with strong bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 107) in concatenated ribosomal (LSU, ITS and SSU) and protein (TEF and RPB2) sequenced data analyses. The morphological characters of our new isolate fit into the generic concept of Parathyridaria in having globose ascomata, a pseudoparenchymatous peridium, papillate and periphysate 123 ostiole, branched and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, narrowly clavate asci, fusoid, ascospores, where upper part is slightly broader than lower part. However, ascospore characters are different from Parathyridaria ramulicola. Parathyridaria ramulicola has multi-septate ascospores, while our new isolate has only 1-septate ascospores. A comparison of the 504 ITS (? 5.8S) nucleotides with Parathyridaria ramulicola with our new strains reveals 15 (2.97%) differences, that justifies the establishment of a new taxon. We therefore, identify our isolates (MFLUCC 17-0800) as Parathyridaria rosae sp. nov. Parathyridaria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554217; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04056; Fig. 110. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0623. Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300– 400 lm high 150–200 lm diam. ( x = 341.7 9 178.8 lm, n Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 169 Fig. 109 Neoconiothyrium rosae (MFLU 18-0117, holotype). a– b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Vertical section of conidioma d. Wall layer. e–h Developing state of conidia. i– k Conidia. l Germinated conidium. Scale bar: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e–k = 5 lm, l = 10 lm = 5), immersed in wood and bark, solitary, scattered, globose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up to 100–150 lm long and 50–80 lm wide, papillate, blackish brown, smooth, periphysate. Peridium 15–20 lm wide at the base, 15–40 lm wide at the sides, thin, with 5– 8-layers, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising reddish-brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80– 100 9 12.5–16 lm ( x = 87.5 9 14.1 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, narrowly clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–24 9 6–8 lm ( x = 21.6 9 6.8 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, fusoid, upper part wider than the lower part, with 1-transverse septum, constricted at the septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining cone-shaped, with rounded ends, smooth, guttulate, sheath present. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, UK. Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ314 (MFLU 17-0623, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0800. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828940, LSU: MG829049. Notes: See the notes under Parathyridaria. Pararoussoella Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554218; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04056. Etymology: The generic name is based on the morphological similarity to Roussoella spp. Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered or aggregated in groups, immersed, globose, ostiolate. Ostioles central, papillate, black. Peridium thick, comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow, hyaline, non-descript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells tending to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented outer layer with cells textura angularis, with walls becoming thicker towards the outside. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a stipe, walls narrow, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate to 123 170 Fig. 110 Parathyridaria rosae (MFLU 17-0623, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d Section of ascoma. e, f Peridium. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k–n Ascospores (note the sheath 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 stained with Indian Ink in n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e = 50 lm, f, h–j = 20 lm, g, k–n = 10 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, with 1-septum, at first hyaline to pale brown, turning dark brown when mature, ends remaining cone-shaped, rounded at both ends, guttulate, rough, with irregular longitudinal striations, with or without a sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: In this study we obtained an isolate from a specimen which was collected from UK (Pararoussoella rosarum). This isolate has a close phylogenetic affinity to Cycasicola goaensis in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Clade C, Fig. 107). Pararoussoella rosarum morphologically resembles taxa in Roussoella in having ascospores with irregular longitudinal striations. However, Roussoella and Pararoussoella are not closely related in our phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, based on similarity of the sexual characteristics to the genus Roussoella, we introduce this new lineage (Clade C, Fig. 107) as Pararoussoella. Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554219; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04057; Fig. 111. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0654. Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450– 550 lm high 350–450 lm diam ( x = 486.6 9 400.3 lm, n = 5), scattered or aggregated in groups, immersed, globose, ostiolate. Ostioles up-to 100–140 lm long, apically 80– 120 lm wide (n = 5), central, papillate, black. Peridium 20–30 lm wide at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides, comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow hyaline, nondescript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells tending to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented outer layer with cells of textura angularis, with walls becoming thicker towards the outside. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–160 9 10–13 lm ( x= 151.1 9 11.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a stipe long up to 30 lm, walls narrow, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 16–24 9 6–8 lm ( x = 18.9 9 7.4 lm, n = 30), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, with 1-septum, at first hyaline to pale brown, turning dark brown when mature, ends remaining cone-shaped, rounded at both ends, guttulate, rough, with irregular longitudinal striations, without a sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa sp., UK. 171 Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ310D (MFLU 17-0654, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0796. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828939, LSU: MG829048, SSU: MG829154, TEF: MG829224. Notes: See notes under Pararoussoella. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 6 (1997) Notes: Eurotiomycetes is one of the most diverse classes in the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Currently, based on the analyses of seven-loci it comprises three orders: Eurotiales, Chaetothyriales and Phaeomoniellales (Chen et al. 2015b). Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni, Mycological Research 111 (5): 528 (2007) Notes: Eurotiomycetidae is one of the subclasses of Eurotiomycetes comprising plectomycete-like fungi. Currently, the subclass comprises five orders: Arachnomycetales, Coryneliales, Elaphomycetales, Eurotiales and Onygenales (Geiser et al. 2006) Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12 (1): 23 (1980) Notes: The order Eurotiales belonging to subclass Eurotiomycetidae comprises cosmopolitan species. They represent diverse species which can survive at extremely low water activity as well as high temperatures (Geiser et al. 2006). Currently, the species from the genera Eurotium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Elaphomyces, Trichocoma and Byssochlamys have been placed into this order. Trichocomaceae E. Fisch., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 310 (1897) Notes: The family Trichocomaceae belonging to order Eurotiales was erected by Fischer in 1897. This is a large and saprobic family of fungi in nature with the many wellknown genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium and Paecilomyces. Species belonging to this family have the ability to produce a number of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins or extrolites) and enzymes (Samson et al. 2010; Houbraken and Samson 2011). Penicillium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3 (1): 16 (1809) The genus Penicillium (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales) was first described in 1809 by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link. Penicillium species are of major importance in natural environments as well as food and drug production. The genus is found worldwide in various habitats, especially soil, vegetation, air, indoor environments, and contaminated foodstuff (Frisvad and Samson 2004; Frisvad et al. 2004; Samson et al. 2010). Some species in the genus are 123 172 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 111 Pararoussoella rosarum (MFLU 17-0654, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores (note the longitudinal dark, striping pattern in n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm pathogenic or highly toxic to human and animals because of mycotoxin production (Frisvad et al. 2004; Houbraken et al. 2016). Some Penicillium strains are also used in the food industry for the production of special cheeses (Thom 1906; Nelson 1970; Karahadian et al. 1985; Giraud et al. 2010) and fermented sausages (López-Dı́az et al. 2001; Ludemann et al. 2010), and for the production of novel enzymes (Raper and Thom 1949; Li et al. 2007; Adsul et al. 2007; Terrasan et al. 2010). Notably, Penicillium strains are used to produce the antibiotic penicillin for 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 treating bacterial infections (Fleming 1929; Chain et al. 1940; Abraham et al. 1941; Thom 1945). Currently, the genus contains 354 accepted species (Visagie et al. 2014), and is divided into four subgenera: Aspergilloides, Penicillium, Biverticillate, and Furcatum, comprising 25 sections (Visagie et al. 2014). Among the sections of Penicillium, section Gracilenta, includes four species, Penicillium angustiporcatum, Penicillium estinogenum, Penicillium macrosclerotiorum, and Penicillium gracilentum, which do not grow at 37 °C and have an olive-brown to brown reverse colour on culture media. With the exception of P. macrosclerotiorum, all species in the section produce broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal conidia (Udagawa and Horie 1973; Pitt 1980; Takada and Udagawa 1983; Wang et al. 2007b). The current taxonomy and phylogeny of these species is limited, and future research might reveal additional characteristics. Currently, there are 22 accepted species in Penicillium sect. Sclerotiora, and several species produce colonies that are bright yellow to orange and are characterized by monoverticillate conidiophores. The exceptions are P. herquei, P. malachiteum, and P. nodositatum, which are biverticillate. These species are identified based on the gene sequences of b-tubulin and calmodulin. The morphological characteristics of all species belonging to this section, together with photomicrographs and DNA markers, are recommended for identification (Visagie et al. 2013). To the best of our knowledge, only five new Penicillium species have been currently reported in Korea: P. daejeonium from grape and schisandra fruit, P. koreense from soil, P. samsonianum from the stems and leaves of Viscum album var. coloratum, P. jejuense from the marine environment of Jeju Island, and P. punicae from pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit (Tibpromma et al. 2017). During an investigation of freshwater-derived fungi in Korea in 2016, two new species were isolated, and their morphological characteristics are described and phylogenetic relationships investigated (Figs. 112, 113). Penicillium aquaticum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB822166; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04073; Fig. 114 Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Latin name for the water, from which the species was first isolated. Holotype: CNUFC-YSW8-1 Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, reaching 29–30 mm diam. at 25 °C in 7 days, greenish glaucous to dark herbage green; reverse olive yellow to grey olivaceous. Conidiophores monoverticillate, stipes smooth, vary greatly in length, septate, 2–3.5 lm wide. Phialides 173 smooth, ampulliform, 4–10 per verticil. Conidia slightly roughened, globose to subglobose, 2–4 9 2–4 lm. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam Province, Gwangju (35°100 N 126°550 E); from plant debris in freshwater collected at Yeongsan River; 15 February 2016 (CNUFC-YSW8-1, preserved as a glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype deposited in the Culture Collection of Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources [NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013660). Culture characteristics: The isolate grew at a wide range of temperatures, with varying growth rates on MEA, CYA, and YES. The average growth rates of CNUFC-YSW8-1 on MEA, CYA, and YES were 4, 4.5, and 4 mm per 24 h, respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow growth was observed at 20 °C, and restricted growth was observed at 37 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: KY587452, KY587453, RPB2: KY587448, KY587449, CaM: KY587447, KY587454, TUB: KY587450, KY587451. Notes: Penicillium aquaticum is distinct from Penicillium macrosclerotiorum by its rapid growth when cultivated on MEA and moderate growth on YES. The conidiophores consist of 4–10 phialides per vertical which are fewer than in P. macrosclerotiorum. In the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of multiple genes, the strain formed a separate branch from other species of Penicillium sect. Gracilenta, thus it is considered a new Species. Penicillium acidum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB 822167; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04074; Fig. 115 Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Latin word means ‘‘producing of acid’’ because of the production of acid compounds on medium by the fungus. Holotype: CNUFC-DLW4-1 Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, reaching 31–32 mm diam. at 25 °C in 7 days. Conidiophores monoverticillate, stipes smooth, varying greatly in length, septate, 2.5–4 lm wide. Phialides smooth, ampulliform, 5–12 per verticil. Conidia slightly roughened, globose to subglobose, 2.5–3.5 9 2–3 lm. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam Province, Gwangju (35°100 N 126°550 E), plant debris in water sample from a small pond on Chonnam National University Campus; 5 October 2016 (CNUFC-DLW4-1, preserved as a glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam 123 174 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 99 Penicillium pagulum CBS 139165 Penicillium pagulum CBS 139167 88 100 Penicillium punicae CNUFC-FP2-1 Penicillium punicae CNUFC-FP2-2 Sect. Exilicaulis Penicillium rubefaciens CBS 145.83 100 Penicillium rubefaciens CBS 139145 99 Penicillium corylophilum CBS 330.79 Penicillium corylophilum CBS 312.48 64 94 100 98 Penicillium macrosclerotiorum CBS 116871 Penicillium macrosclerotiorum AS3.6581 99 Penicillium aquaticum CNUFC-YSW8-2 Penicillium aquaticum CNUFC-YSW8-1 86 Sect. Gracilenta Penicillium gracilentum CBS 599.73 Penicillium angustiporcatum CBS 202.84 100 Penicillium janthinellum CBS 340.48 Penicillium janthinellum CBS 341.48 97 Sect. Lanata-divaricata Penicillium abidjanum CBS 246.67 100 98 77 Penicillium citrinum CBS 232.38 Penicillium citrinum CBS 139.45 Penicillium shearii CBS 290.48 Sect. Citrina Penicillium euglaucum CBS 323.71 Talaromyces flavus CBS 310.38 0.05 Fig. 112 Phylogenetic tree for Penicillium aquaticum CNUFCYSW8-1 and CNUFC-YSW8-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined datasets for beta tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RPB2. Sequence of Talaromyces flavus was used as an outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([60%) from 1000 replicates. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains are shown in bold National University Fungal Collection; isotype deposited in the Culture Collection of Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources [NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013659). Culture characteristics: The isolate grew at a wide range of temperatures, with varying growth rates on MEA, CYA, and YES. The average growth rates of CNUFC-DLW4-1 on MEA, CYA, and YES were 4, 2.5, and 2 mm per 24 h, respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow growth was observed at 5 and 20 °C, and no growth was observed at 37 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: KY587441, KY587442, RPB2: KY587440, KY587446, CaM: KY587442, KY587443, TUB: KY587439, KY587444. Notes: Penicillium acidum is distinct from Penicillium johnkrugii and P. mallochii by slow growth when cultivated on CYA and YES, and the formation of sclerotia on some media. Additionally, P. acidium produces strong acid on CREA, while P. johnkrugii and P. mallochii do not. In the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of multiple genes, the strain formed a separate branch different from other species of Penicillium sect. Sclerotiora; thus, it is considered a new species. 123 Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 7 (1997) Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 175 99 Penicillium mallochii DAO239917 Penicillium mallochii DAOM 239919 99 98 Penicillium johnkrugii DAOM 239942 Penicillium johnkrugii DAOM 239943 99 99 Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-2 Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-1 83 Penicillium vanoranjei CBS 134406 100 Penicillium sclerotiorum CBS 287.36 Penicillium sclerotiorum DAOM 239932 96 75 96 Penicillium jacksonii DAOM 239937 Penicillium cainii DAOM 239914 Penicillium viticola DAOM 239935 100 Penicillium guanacastense DAOM 239912 100 Penicillium maximae CBS 134565 Penicillium hirayamae CBS 229.60 100 Penicillium hirayamae CBS 238.65 99 Sect. Sclerotiora Penicillium lilacinoechinulatum CBS 454.93 Penicillium amaliae CBS 134209 90 Penicillium brocae CBS 116113 Penicillium arianeae CBS 134559 Penicillium jugoslavicum CBS 192.87 96 68 Penicillium adametzioides CBS 313.59 Penicillium angulare CBS 130293 Penicillium bilaiae CBS 221.66 93 Penicillium adametzii CBS 209.28 Penicillium alexiae CBS 134558 72 100 Penicillium herquei CBS 347.51 Penicillium herquei CBS 336.48 Penicillium malachiteum CBS 647.95 Penicillium levitum CBS 345.48 0.02 Fig. 113 Phylogenetic tree of Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-1 and CNUFC-DLW4-2 and related species in the section Sclerotiora based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined datasets for beta tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RPB2. Sequence of Penicillium levitum was used as an outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 60%) from 1000 replicates. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains are shown in bold Notes: This is the largest class of lichenized ascomycetes (Lücking et al. 2016). The taxa are widely distributed (Kirk et al. 2008). Most of the members are apothecial ascomycetes, while a few form perithecia (Ekanayaka et al. 2017). Notes: This is the largest subclass in Lecanoromycetes (Lücking et al. 2016). The subclass was established by Hibbett et al. (2007a, b). Lecanoromycetidae comprises the lichenized orders Caliciales, Lecanorales, Lecideales, Leprocaulales, Peltigerales, Rhizocarpales and Teloschistales (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David ex Lutzoni Huhndorf & Lumbsch, Mycological Research 111 (5): 529 (2007) Caliciales Bessey, University of Nebraska Studies 7: 299 (1907) 123 176 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 114 Penicillium aquaticum ( CNUFC-YSW8-1, holotype). a, e Colonies in Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA). b, f Colonies in malt extract agar (MEA). c, g Colonies in yeast extract sucrose agar (YES). d, h Colonies in creatine sucrose agar (CREA). (a–d: obverse view, e–h: reverse view), (m–r: light microscope, s–x: SEM). i Acid production by colonies of CNUFC YSW8-1 on CREA after 10 days of incubation. j Texture on MEA. k Sclerotia on MEA. l Texture on CYA. m–q, s–w Conidiophores. r, x Conidia. Scale bars: m–r = 20 lm, t, u = 10 lm, s, v, w = 5 lm, x = 2 lm Notes: This order was established by Bessey in 1907. They form lichens in various habitats (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c; Ekanayaka et al. 2017). The order is not easily characterized morphologically and includes both mazaediate and non-mazaediate genera of both crustose, fruticose and foliose genera. Caliciaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 314 (1826) Notes: This family established by Chevallier in 1826 and harbours lichenized and lichenicolous species. Currently Caliciaceae comprises around 29 genera and 630 species (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Taxa form crustose to squamulose, foliose, or fruticose lichen thalli. Ascomata are 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 177 Fig. 115 Penicillium acidum (CNUFC-DLW4-1, holotype). a, e Colonies in Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA). b, f Colonies in malt extract agar (MEA). c, g Colonies in yeast extract sucrose agar (YES). d, h Colonies in creatine sucrose agar (CREA). (a–d: obverse view, e–h: reverse view), (i–l: light microscope, m-s: SEM). i–k, m– r Conidiophores, l, s: Conidia. Scale bars: m = 20 lm, i–l, p = 10 lm, n, o, q, r = 5 lm, s = 2 lm characterized by mazediate to non-mazaediate, stalked to sessile, mostly lecideine and rarely lecanorine, blackish apothecia. The excipulum composed of proso- or paraplectenchymatous cells. The outer excipulum cells are usually dark brown, while the inner cells are hyaline. Paraphyses are unbranched or slightly branched and amyloid. Asci are mostly semifissitunicate and amyloid, but in some genera prototunicate. Ascospores are septate (1–3septate), muriform to ellipsoid (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c; Prieto and Wedin 2016). Some taxa produce secondary metabolites such as terpenes, depsidones (e.g., norstictic acid), lichexanthone, and sometimes anthraquinones e.g., in a pigmented medulla (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Species are widely distributed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions especially on bark, rocks and wood (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c) (Fig. 116). 123 178 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Amandinea punctata AFTOL-ID 1306 95/--/-- 100/--/1.00 Amandinea punctata MFLU 17-1908 Amandinea punctata Nordin 5346 Amandinea Amandinea lignicola T605 Amandinea coniops MP25 100/97/1.00 Buellia frigida s267 Buellia aethalea F138222 65/68/-- Buellia Buellia mamillana 141100 71/87/0.95 --/100/1.00 Buellia chujana 140835-2 100/100/1.00 66/--/0.97 Calicium denigratum MP54 Calicium trabinellum MP1 63/--/-- Calicium Calicium abietinum MP40 Calicium lecideinum MP69 Lecanora contractula AFTOL-ID 877 0.03 Lecanora (Outgroup) Fig. 116 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS and LSU partial sequence data. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fourteen strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1496 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combined gene analyses. Lecanora contractuala is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 5767.163060 is presented. The matrix had 441 distinct alignment patterns, with 25.75% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.241, C = 0.246, G= 0.289, T = 0.225; substitution rates AC = 1.216520, AG = 1.660924, AT = 1.195129, CG = 0.869391, CT = 6.694136, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.236372. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 1496 characters, which 1063 were constant, 222 parsimony-informative and 207 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of three equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 817 steps (CI = 0.725, RI = 0.556, RC = 0.403, HI = 0.275) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid., The Lichenologist 25 (4): 343 (1993) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04058. Figure 117. Lichenized on spines of Rosa. Thallus: crustose, whitish, granulose, rimose, bullate, K–. Sexual morph: Apothecia pulvinate, 300–600 lm diam., arising singly or in small groups, sessile, slightly erumpent from the substrate, black. Hypothecium convex, disc and the margins are black. Hymenium hyaline with a thick gelatinous matrix. Excipulum 20–30 lm ( x = 25 lm, n = 10) at flanks, composed of cells of textura angularis. outer cells are blackish and inner cells are hyaline. Paraphyses 1.4– 2.3 lm wide at the middle ( x = 1.8 lm, n = 20), numerous, filiform, septate, branched and swollen and pigmented at the apex. Asci 45–55 9 11–17 lm ( x = 50 9 15 lm, n = 30) 8-spored, narrowed short pedicel, cylindric–clavate, rounded at the apex, amyloid ring absent at the ascus apex. Ascospore 12–15 9 5–7 lm ( x= 13 9 6 lm, Fig. 117 Amandinea punctata (MFLU 17-1908) a Substrate. b As- c comata on lichen wood. c Cross section of an ascoma. d Close up of a vertical section of the ascoma at margin. e Aseptate paraphyses. f, g Short pedicellate asci. h–j Ovate ascospores. Scale bars: c = 200 lm, d = 30 lm, e = 25 lm, f, g = 10 lm, h–j = 5 lm 123 n = 40), dark brown, smooth-walled, ellipsoid, 1-septate and guttulate. Asexual morph: not observed (Fig. 117). Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Långevik 58°520 51.000 N 11°000 31.000 E, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), June 2017, E.B.G. Jones GJ377 (MFLU 17-1908). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828867, LSU: MG828983. Notes: During our fungal diversity survey in Koster Islands (Sweden), we recovered a Lecanoromycetes species which we described as a new host record herein. This is one of the nice examples that tells us about the vast geographical distribution of fungi which are able to grow on Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 179 123 180 Rosa species. Phylogenetic investigations revealed that our new strain is close to Amandinea punctata strains (AFTOLID 1306 and Nordin 5346). Even though these sequences are not related to any type material, morphological descriptions support that our new collection should be considered as Amandinea punctata. Amandinea punctata is characterized by having black apothecia, paraphyses with swollen pigmented apices and dark brown 1-septate ascospores (Scheidegger 1993). Amandinea punctata is morphologically similar to A. lecideina, but they differ in ascospore ornamentation. Amandinea lecideina has microrugulate ascospores, while those of A. punctata are smooth (Scheidegger 1993, Mayrhofer and Moberg 2002). Lecanorales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 68 (1932) Notes: This is a mainly lichenized order in which lichen thalli are formed with protococcoid green photobionts (Crespo et al. 2010; Miadlikowska et al. 2014). The members are widely distributed (Kirk et al. 2008; Ekanayaka et al. 2017). Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 composed of small, thin-walled, orange brown cells of textura intricata without algal cells, outer cells are bluish green to dull gray-blue, inner cells are hyaline. Paraphyses 1–2 lm wide ( x = 1.8 lm, n = 20), numerous, filiform, propoloid, aseptate. Asci 40–50 9 10–15 lm ( x = 48 9 14 lm, n = 30) 8-spored, narrowed to base, short pedicel, cylindric–clavate, rounded at the apex, amyloid ring absent at the ascus apex. Ascospore 7–12 9 6–8 lm ( x =10 9 7 lm, n = 40), hyaline, smooth-walled, globose to broadly ellipsoid. Asexual morph: not observed (Fig. 118). Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ284 (MFLU 17-1909) GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828907 Notes: Our molecular data clearly indicates that our new strain of MFLU 17-1909 which was collected on Rosa from Hampshire, is monophyletic with Lecidella elaeochroma in the ITS analysis (Fig. 119). This identification is supported by having black apothecia, hyaline paraphyses and globose ascospores in agreement with the description in Choisy (1950). Lecanoraceae Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 104 (1855) Notes: This family was established by Körber (1855). This is one of the largest families within Lecanoromycetes characterised by lecanorine or lecideine apothecia, sparingly branched paraphyses, semifissitunicate cylindrical to clavate asci, ellipsoid, subglobose or bacilliform, hyaline ascospores. Taxa of this family produce secondary metabolites such as anthraquinones, chlorinated xanthones, depsides, despidones, dibenzofurans, lichexanthone, triterpenoids (Kalb et al. 2011). This is a widely distributed family commonly on rocks, soil or bark (Kalb et al. 2011). Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10 (1997) Notes: For the latest treatments of this class we follow Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015, 2016) and Hongsanan et al. (2017). Lecidella Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 233 (1855) Notes: Lecidella was established by Körber (1855). The ascomata of Lecidella are black, lecideine, with a proper excipulum, the asci cylindrical, eight-spored, paraphyses filiform, and ascospores simple, hyaline (Zhao et al. 2015). Currently this genus includes approximately 80 accepted species (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 53 (1932) Notes: The order Diaporthales accommodates saprobic, endophytic or pathogenic species on plants and animals or inhabiting in soil with abundant asexual morph in nature (Castlebury et al. 2002; Rossman et al. 2007; Dissanayake et al. 2017b; Senanayake et al. 2017). Recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies placed the order in the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Diaporthomycetidae (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016, Rossman et al. 2015; Voglmayr et al. 2017). Senanayake et al. (2017) accepted 21 families in this order as Apiosporopsidaceae, Apoharknessiaceae, Asterosporiaceae, Auratiopycnidiellaceae, Coryneaceae, Cryphonectriaceae, Cytosporaceae, Diaporthaceae, Erythrogloeaceae, Gnomoniaceae, Harknessiaceae, Juglanconidaceae, Lamproconiaceae, Macrohilaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae, Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy, Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 19: 19 (1950) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04059. Fig. 118. Lichenized on spines of Rosa. Thallus: crustose, grey to yellowish green, granulose, rimose, K? yellow. Sexual morph: Apothecia 0.5–1 mm diam., arising singly or in small groups, sessile, slightly erumpent from the thallus, pulvinate, roundish or irregular, black. Hypothecium convex. Margins distinct, black. Hymenium hyaline, within a thick gelatinous matrix. Excipulum 70–100 lm at flanks, 123 Subclass Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10 (1997) Notes: Sordariomycetidae was established by Eriksson and Winka (1997) and currently the subclass included three orders i.e. Diaporthales, Ophiostomatales and Sordariales (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016). Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 181 Fig. 118 Lecidella elaeochroma (MFLU 17-1909) a Substrate. b Ascomata on lichen wood. c Ascoma on lichen wood. d Cross section of an ascoma. e Close up of a vertical section of the ascoma at margin. f Aseptate paraphyses. g–i Short pedicellate asci. j–m Ovate ascospores. Scale bars: d = 500 lm, e = 300 lm, f–i = 50 lm, j–m = 15 lm Prosopidicolaceae, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, Schizoparmaceae, Stilbosporaceae and Sydowiellaceae. phytopathogenic species (Udayanga et al. 2011, 2014). The phylogenetic study based on LSU nrDNA by Castlebury et al. (2002) revealed that the family clusters within the order Diaporthales. Recently, Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) listed Allantoporthe, Apioporthella, Clypeoporthella, Diaporthe, Diaporthella, Leucodiaporthe, Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces and Stenocarpella Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm., American Journal of Botany 13: 638 (1926) Notes: Von Höhnel (1917b) introduced the family Diaporthaceae that comprises many endophytic and 123 182 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 100/100/1.00 Lecidella tumidula ZX 20129166 2 Lecidella tumidula ZX XL0009 100/100/1.00 Lecidella euphorea AFTOL-ID 1374 Lecidella scabra LIFU051 16 78/67/0.98 Lecidella elaeochromoides ZX 20141142 Lecidella elaeochromoides ZX 20114966 2 Lecidella effugiens ZX YN0203 100/100/1.00 84/95/1.00 Lecidella elaeochroma MFLU 17-1909 Lecidella elaeochroma AFTOL-ID 1275 Lecidella wulfenii Tuerk 39666 98/97/1.00 74/--/0.99 94/92/1.00 100/100/1.00 Lecidella flavosorediata LIFU056 16 Lecidella flavosorediata LIFU086 16 Lecidella Lecidella meiococca Ekman 3101 Lecidella enteroleucella ZX YN0201 93/63/0.95 97/96/1.00 Lecidella siplei Tuerk 43428 Lecidella siplei Tuerk 35895 81/89/0.96 72/76/0.95 96/97/0.99 Lecidella patavina ZX XL0345 Lecidella carpathica BIOUG24047 H06 Lecidella carpathica BIOUG24047 E02 Lecidella patavina ZX 20140501 2 --/100/1.00 Lecidella stigmatea Kayseri 94/100/1.00 98/99/0.99 Lecidella stigmatea ZT2013199 Lecidella greenii S301 Lecidella greenii SZU Turk 43015 Lecidella albida LIFU055 16 Lecanora contractula AFTOL-ID 877 0.04 Lecanora (Outgroup) Fig. 119 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS partial sequence data. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Twenty-six strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 551 characters with gaps. Lecanora contractula is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 3098.613569 is presented. The matrix had 256 distinct alignment patterns, with 7.58% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.212, C = 0.285, G= 0.266, T = 0.237; substitution rates AC = 1.173455, AG = 3.387259, AT = 2.420489, CG = 1.033266, CT = 7.209776, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.309941. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 551 characters, which 328 were constant, 150 parsimony-informative and 73 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of twelve equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 503 steps (CI = 0.636, RI = 0.783, RC = 0.498, HI = 0.364) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue as genera of Diaporthaceae. Gao et al. (2017) showed Diaporthe sensu lato to be polyphyletic, including genera such as Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces, Phaeocytostroma, and Stenocarpella. The recent updated multi-gene analyses and morphological studies by Senanayake et al. (2017) accepted the genera Allantoporthe, Apioporthella, Chaetoconis, Chiangraiomyces, Diaporthe, Hyaliappendispora, Leucodiaporthe, Mazzantia, 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 183 Ophiodiaporthe, Paradiaporthe, Phaeocytostroma, Phaeodiaporthe, Pustulomyces and Stenocarpella. their holotype, epitype, isotype or neotype with molecular data. Diaporthe Nitschke. Notes: Diaporthe (asexual state Phomopsis consists of endophytic or saprobic species on plants, characterized by elongate to elliptical ascospores with rounded ends and long, narrow papilla (Rossman et al. 2007; Udayanga et al. 2012; Dissanayake et al. 2017a, b; Senanayake et al. 2017). The combined multi-gene phylogenetic study by Udayanga et al. (2012) re-evaluated the species recognition in Diaporthe. Gomes et al. (2013) provided detailed descriptions of 54 species of Diaporthe and Hyde et al. (2014) provided a backbone phylogenetic tree of 72 species linked with the types. The recent updated study on Diaporthe by Dissanayake et al. (2017c) describes 171 species links with Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomycetes Germanici 2: 245 (1870) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04060; Fig. 120. Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 140– 160 lm high 180–220 lm diam. ( x = 150.4 9 197.3 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semiimmersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–30 lm wide, composed of thick-walled, brown, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slightly tapering towards Fig. 120 Diaporthe eres (MFLU 17-0639). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d–f Different stages of conidiogenesis. g Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–g = 5 lm 123 184 apex. Alpha conidia 5.5–7.5 9 2–2.5 lm ( x = 6.3 9 2.2 lm, n = 40), aseptate, hyaline, ovate to ellipsoidal, 2–3guttulate, truncate at the base, smooth-walled. Beta conidia not observed. Material examined: UK, Hampshire, New Forest, Brockenhurst, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 April 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ255D (MFLU 17-0639). ibid. Portsmouth, Burrfield, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ285C (MFLU 17-0645) GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828890, MG828891, CaM: MG829271, MG829272, BTUB: MG843873, MG843874. Notes: Diaporthe eres has been identified as a minor pathogen causing leaf spots, stem cankers and diseases of woody plants in diverse families including the Ericaceae, Juglandaceae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae, Ulmaceae, Vitaceae and others, mostly in temperate regions worldwide (Udayanga et al. 2014). In this study we introduce another collection of Diaporthe eres from spines of Rosa species in Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Hampshire, UK. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl., in Udayanga, Castlebury, Rossman & Hyde, Persoonia 32: 95 (2014) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04061; Fig. 121. Pathogen on stems, fruit, leaves and spines. Sexual morph: Udayanga et al. (2014). Asexual morph: Conidiomata (150–)300 9 100 lm, immersed, pycnidial, globose to subglobose, visible as brown to black, scattered, solitary or in groups, with tapering perithecial necks barely protruding through epidermis, mostly embedded in tissue, often with a yellowish, drop-like conidial cirrus extruding from ostiole. Peridium parenchymatous, consisting [4 layers of hyaline to light brown cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slightly tapering Fig. 121 Diaporthe foeniculina (MFLU 15-0227). a–c Ascomata on spines of Rosa canina. d Ascoma in longitudinal section. e Peridium. f Ostiole. g Conidiophore with conidiogenous cells. h–n Conidia. Scale bars: c = 200 lm, d = 50 lm, e–g = 20 lm, h = 10 lm, i–n = 5 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 towards apex. Conidia (6.8–)7.5–8.7 9 1.8–2.1(–2.5) lm ( x =7.7 9 2.4 lm), aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, ovate to ellipsoidal, 2–3-guttulate, base subtruncate. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 7 cm diam after 4 weeks at 25 °C, white, sparse aerial mycelium, yellow pigmentation developing in reverse centre. Distribution: Argentina, Australia, Europe (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy), New Zealand, South Africa and USA (California) (Udayanga et al. 2014). Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], Monte Pallareto, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 15 December 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2298 (MFLU 15-0227); living cultures, MFLUCC 15-0159. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828892, LSU: MG922547, SSU: MG922550, RPB2: MG922553, BTUB: MG843875. Notes: Diaporthe foeniculina (MFLUCC 15-0159) was found on spines of Rosa canina in Italy. Our strain has the same characteristics with D. foeniculina (CBS 111553) which was introduced by Udayanga et al. (2014) in having hyaline guttulate alpha conidia, as well as the size and shape of pycnidia and conidia. However, Udayanga et al. (2014) also reported the sexual stage of D. foeniculina as globose to subglobose, scattered, with tapering ascomatal necks barely protruding through epidermis, with unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate asci (8-spored), and 2-celled, hyaline ascospores, often with four guttules, elongated to elliptical, and recorded this species on wide host range (Acacia, Acer, Actinidia deliciosa, Aspalathus linearis, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Camellia sinensis, Castanea, Citrus limon, C. limonia, Crataegus, Diospyros, Foeniculum vulgare, Fuchsia, Hydrangea, Juglans, Malus, Olea, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhus, Ribes, Vitis vinifera and Wisteria sinensis). Phylogenetic analyses using combined ITS, LSU sequence data analysis demonstrate that our strain is D. foeniculina (Fig. 122). Thus, this is the first record of D. foeniculina on spines of Rosa canina. Diaporthe rhusicola Crous, Persoonia 26: 135 (2011) Facesoffungi number: FoF 04062; Fig. 123. Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 50–800 lm high 100–130 lm diam. ( x = 61.2 9 112.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 5–10 lm wide, composed of thickwalled cells of textura angularis, brown. Paraphyses lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, slightly tapering towards the apex. Alpha conidia 6–9 9 1.8–2.8 lm ( x = 7.4 9 2.4 lm, n = 40), aseptate, hyaline, ovate to ellipsoidal, guttulate, 185 both ends obtuse, smooth-walled. Beta conidia not observed. Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ285D (MFLU 17-0647). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828893, LSU: MG922548, TEF: MG922551, BTUB: MG922552. Notes: Diaporthe rhusicola was introduced by Crous et al. (2011) from leaves of Rhus pendulina in South Africa. This species also been reported from several hosts including, Juglans regia and Prunus dulcis (Chen et al. 2015b). In this study we introduce another collection of Diaporthe rhusicola on Rosa species in Hampshire. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Diaporthe rosae Samarakoon & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554072; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03922; Fig. 124 Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-1550. Saprobic on dead pedicel of Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata: light to dark brown, scattered, ellipsoidal patches on the host surface 95–160 lm ( x = 123.9 lm, n = 22) long, 35–75 lm ( x= 54.9 lm, n = 10) high, 80–140 lm ( x = 110.9 lm, n = 10) diam at base, pycnidial, pyriform, initially immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose to pyriform, reddish brown, coriaceous, with elongate neck. Conidiomatal wall: 3–9 lm ( x = 5.8 lm, n = 22) wide, parenchymatous, consisting of 4–5 layers of pale brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores: reduced to conidiogenous cells, straight, branched, 2–3cells high, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores: 10–19 9 1.9– 3.3 lm ( x = 15 9 2.6 lm, n = 20), septate, branched, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth. Alpha conidiogenous cells: 13 9 1–2.5 lm ( x = 9.9 9 2 lm, n = 25), phialidic, ampulliform, slightly tapering towards the apex with periclinal thickening, with a flared collarette. Hamathecium aparaphysate. Alpha conidia 5.5–7.5 9 2–3 lm ( x = 6.5 9 2.5 lm, n = 30), L/W ratio 2.6, enteroblstic, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ovate to ellipsoidal, base subtruncate, often biguttulate. Beta conidiogenouc cells: 7.7–15 9 1.2–2.3 lm ( x = 12.5 9 1.9 lm, n = 10), phialidic, ampulliform, slightly tapering towards the apex with periclinal thickening, with a flared collarette. Beta conidia: not often found, 12.5–18 9 1–2 lm ( x = 14.6 9 1.4 lm, n = 10), L/W ratio 10.4, fusiform to hooked, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, base sub-truncate. Conidiomata: black, multilocular, scattered or aggregated produced on PDA after 6 weeks. Alpha conidia: not observed. Beta conidia: 12.6–21.1 9 0.7–1.2 lm ( x = 17.5 9 1 lm, n = 123 186 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Diaporthe eres LCM11401a Phomopsis cotoneastri CBS439 82 96 Diaporthe eres MFLU 17-0645 Diaporthe eres MFLU 17-0639 Diaporthe eres DLR12a 90 Diaporthe lonicerae MFLUCC 17 0963 88 Diaporthe rosicola MFLU 17-0646 100 Diaporthe longicicola CGMCC3 17089 Diaporthe longicicola CGMCC3 17090 100 Diaporthe ellipicola CGMCC3 17084 Diaporthe ellipicola CGMCC3 17085 Diaporthe phragmitis CBS138897 Diaporthe momicola MFLUCC 16 0113 99 Diaporthe biguttusis CGMCC3 17081 Diaporthe biguttusis CGMCC3 17082 73 95 Diaporthe celastrina CBS 139.27 Diaporthe bicincta CBS121004 100 Diaporthe vaccinii CBS122116 Diaporthe vaccinii CBS160.32 Diaporthe rudis AR3422 91 Diaporthe rudis DA244 60 67 Diaporthe rudis AR3654 100 Diaporthe rudis MFLUCC 14-1209 Diaporthe rudis STE U5683 100 Diaporthe rudis ICMP16419 93 Diaporthe australafricana CBS113487 Diaporthe australafricana CBS111886 100 Diaporthe asheicola CBS136967 Diaporthe asheicola CBS136968 97 Diaporthe miriciae BRIP 54736j 100 Diaporthe miriciae BRIP55662c Diaporthe ueckerae FAU656 Diaporthe passifloricola CPC27480 83 Diaporthe ueckerae LGMF947 94 Diaporthe rosae MFLU 17-1550 Diaporthe thunbergiicola MFLUCC12 0033 68 76 Diaporthe unshiuensis ZJUD52 94 Diaporthe unshiuensis ZJUD50 100 100 Diaporthe longicolla FAU599 Diaporthe longicolla FAU644 Diaporthe tectoendophyta MFLUCC13 0471 73 Diaporthe rhusicola CBS136971 61 Diaporthe rhusicola CBS136972 98 Diaporthe rhusicola CPC18191 Diaporthe rhusicola MFLU 17-0647 Diaporthe foeniculina CBS117501 92 Diaporthe foeniculiana CBS111553 88 Diaporthe foeniculina AR5151 Diaporthe foeniculina FAU460 86 Diaporthe foeniculina CBS123208 Diaporthe foeniculina MFLUCC 15-0159 Diaporthe foeniculina ICMP12285 Diaporthe isoberliniae CPC 22549 Diaporthella corylina CBS121124 Diaporthella (Outgroup) Diaporthella 98 86 0.08 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 122 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS, TEF, CAL and BT sequenced data of given Diaporthe species. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-four strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1942 characters with gaps. Diaporthe corylina (CBS121124) is used as the outgroup taxon. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 10206.42735 is presented. The matrix had 908 distinct alignment patterns, with 25.59% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.221173, C = 0.306904, 0.239165, T = 0.232758; substitution rates AC = 1.427919, AG = 3.912096, AT = 1.517153, CG = 1.246088, CT = 5.696892, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.768424. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 60% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue 20), L/W ratio 17.8, fusiform to hooked, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, base sub-truncate. Culture characteristics: colonies on PDA, reaching 40–43 mm diam. after 2 weeks at 25 °C, fast growing, entire, flat, circular, white with radially arranged minute mycelium clots later becoming pale yellow, reverse: whitish, azonate. Odour not pronounced. Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province, Chiang Rai 57100, dead pedicel of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 3 May 2017, Milan C. Samarakoon, SAMC001, (MFLU 17-1550), ex-type living cultures MFLUCC 17-2658. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828894, LSU: MG829093, CaM: MG829273, BTUB: MG843878. Notes: Combined multi-gene analysis shows that Diaporthe rosae clusters is basal to D. miriciae, D. passifloricola and D. ueckerae with 83% bootstrap in the ML analyses. ITS of D. rosae is 98% similar to D. miriciae, D. passifloricola and D. ueckerae and 95% similar to D. thumbergiicola. Globular conidiomata on PDA, comparatively small conidiogenous cells, conidiophores and beta conidia of Diaporthe rosae differ from D. miriciae and D. passifloricola (Thompson et al. 2015). The phylogenetically closely related species are reported from the host genera Camellia, Cucumis, Glycine, Helianthus, Passiflora and Vigna (Udayanga et al. 2015; Gao et al. 2016). Diaporthe rudis is the only species reported from Rosa canina (Rosaceae), which is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct to Diaporthe rosae and described as a new species, isolated from dead pedicel of potted Rosa sp. Diaporthe rosicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554220; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04063; Fig. 125. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 17-0646. 187 Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100– 140 lm high 120–160 lm diam. ( x = 143.2 9 203.5 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semiimmersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–20 lm wide, composed of thick-walled, brown, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, slightly tapering towards the apex. Alpha conidia 7–9.5 9 2.4–3 lm ( x = 8.9 9 2.7 lm, n = 40) hyaline, biguttulate, fusiform or oval, both ends obtuse. Beta conidia 12–22 9 1.2–1.6 lm ( x = 19.3 9 1.4 lm, n = 40), hyaline, aseptate, filiform, hamate, tapering towards both ends. Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ285C1 (MFLU 17-0646, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828895, TEF: MG829270: CaM: MG829274, BTUB: MG843877. Notes: Diaporthe rosicola share close phylogenetic relationships to D. lonicerae in a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support (Fig. 122). This relationship morphologically fits as both species possess alpha and beta conidia. Also, the papillate ostiole, hyaline, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous conidiophores and phialidic, cylindrical, terminal conidiogenous cells support their close affinity. However, they differ in conidial dimensions as Diaporthe lonicerae has significantly larger alpha conidia (12.5–16 9 3.5–4) lm and beta conidia (32–39 9 1–1.5 lm), while D. rosicola has comparatively smaller alpha conidia (7–9.5 9 2.4–3 lm) and beta conidia (12–22 9 1.2–1.6 lm). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, (Fr.) Nitschke, Pyrenomyc. Germ. 2: 282 (1870) Facesoffungi number: FoF 02353; Fig. 126 Saprobic on dead branches of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph Ascomata 200–300 lm high 230–320 lm diam. ( x = 220 9 227 lm, n = 5, immersed in the ectostroma, erumpent through the host epidermis, visible as raised, pale yellow brown patches on the host surface, globose to flattened globose, solitary or occur in clusters, black brown, with a neck. Neck 205 9 99 diam. Ostiole periphysate. Peridium 25–40 lm wide, comprising 10–15 layers, outer layers heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura globulosa to textura angularis, inner layers composed of hyaline to brown thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 6–9 lm (n = 10) 1–4-septate, wide at base, tapering towards the apex, thin-walled. Asci 40–50 9 7–12 lm ( x = 47.8 9 9.1 lm, n = 20), 8- 123 188 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 123 Diaporthe rhusicola (MFLU 17-0647). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different stages of conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d, e = 5 lm spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric clavate, straight to slightly curved, sessile, with a J- apical ring. Ascospores 9–12 9 2.5–3.5 lm ( x = 11.3 9 3.2 lm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate to biseriate, 1-septate, often tetra-guttulate, with larger guttules at center and smaller ones at the ends, ellipsoidal to clavate, straight to slightly curved, 123 hyaline, without appendages or a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph See Udayanga et al. (2014) (Fig. 127). Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, near Corniolo, Santa Sofia, dead aerial branches of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 20 September 2014, Camporesi Erio, Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 IT 2111 (MFLU 15-3379, ex-type living cultures = MFLUCC 14-1209). GenBank numbers: TUB: KX856059, ITS: KX856060, LSU: KX856061, SSU: KX856062, TEF: KX856063. Notes: Our new isolate MFLUCC 14–1209 clustered with ex-type strain of Diaporthe rudis (AR 3422), which was originally described by Nitschke (1870) from Laburnum anagyroides (as Cytisus laburnum), but is also recorded from Rosa in Australia (Udayanga et al. 2014). However, it differs from the type strain of D. rudis (Nitschke 1870; Udayanga et al. 2014) in having smaller asci (44–53 9 7.2–11.2 lm versus 53.5–58.5 9 10.6–12 lm) and ascospores (9.4–12.3 9 2.7–3.5 lm versus 12–14.2 9 3.5–3.7 lm). By considering the molecular data and the host, we consider our collection as a new record from Rosa canina L. in Italy. Subclass Xylariomycetidae Amphisphaeriales Sporocadaceae Corda [as ‘Sporocadeae’], Icon. fung. (Prague) 5: 34 (1842) Following a study by Jaklitsch et al. (2016a) the families Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and Robillardaceae were synonymized under Sporocadaceae, based on morphological characters and phylogeny. Molecular clock evidence suggested that there is not much divergence within this group (Hongsanan et al. 2017). Bartalinia Tassi, Bollettino del Laboratorio de Orto Botanico Reale Universita Siena 3: 4 (1900) Notes: The genus Bartalinia was established by Tassi (1900) characterized by three to four septate conidia, with Bartalinia robillardoides as the type species. The lectotype and epitype of the Bartalinia robillardoides have been designated in recent studies (Crous et al. 2014a, b). The genus has been recorded on a wide range of hosts causing leaf spots on economically important crops around the world (Farr and Rossman 2017; Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Currently there are 17 accepted species in the genus and still there is lack of information on the asexual morph of the genus (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016; Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Bartalinia rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554221; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04064; Fig. 128. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-3235. 189 Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 100– 150 lm high 120–180 lm diam. ( x = 122.9 9 133.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial to sporodochial, mostly solitary, immersed, unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark brown to black. Conidiomata wall 5–10 lm thick, not welldefined, composed of thin-walled, pale brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells which are darker around the ostiole and the sides of the pycnidium, at the base fusing into the host tissue. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 6–9 9 2–3 lm ( x = 8.1 9 2.4 lm, n = 40), discrete, hyaline, cylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, with one or two percurrent proliferations. Conidia 18–22 9 4–6 lm ( x = 20.4 9 5.3 lm, n = 40), hyaline, cylindrical or fusiform, smooth-walled, 4-septate, apical and basal cell short, the former conical and the latter truncate, of the three median cells that next to the basal cell is longest, median cells thicker-walled than end cells. Apical appendage 8–16 lm long, hyaline, cylindrical, normally bi- or trifurcate near the apical cell, tapering towards apices. Basal appendage lateral, hyaline, cylindrical, 2–4 lm long. Known distribution: On Rosa. Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province, Collina, Forli, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 11 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2226 (MFLU 15-3235, holotype), living culture MFLUCC 17-0645. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828872, LSU: MG828988, SSU: MG829100. Notes: The phylogenetic analysis show that Bartalinia rosicola is sister to the B. laurina clade with its type B. robillardoides and species B. pondoensis. Bartalinia laurina bears typically 4-septate conidia, similar to B. rosicola. However, there is significant morphological variation in the conidial measurement i.e. L/W ratio for B. laurina is 7.4 which is larger than B. rosicola (3.8) (Nag Raj 1993). Bartalinia pondoensis, B. bischofiae, B. tamarinds, B. bella, and B. bombacicola are significantly different in conidial morphology with 3 septa (Marincowitz et al. 2010). Broomella Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 557 (1883) Notes: Broomella was introduced by Saccardo (1883) with the type species B. vitalbae and epitypified by Li et al. (2015b). The genus is characterized by unitunicate, cylindrical-elongate asci, with a J-, discoid ring at the apex, and ellipsoid-fusiform, straight or inequilaterally curved, 3-septate ascospores with two brown median cells, lighter terminal cells, and single, centric appendages arising from the ends (Shoemaker and Müller 1963). Senanayake et al. (2015) described the coelomycetous asexual morph of the B. vitalbae and placed in the family Bartaliniaceae with phylogenetic support. Recently, Wijayawardene et al. 123 190 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 124 Diaporthe rosae (MFLU 17-1550, holotype) a Conidiomata on host material. b Vertical section of conidioma. c–f Conidiogenesis cells. g Conidia (alpha and beta). (ex-type culture MFLUCC 17-2658) h Culture on PDA from above after 30 days. i. Culture on PDA from below after 30 days. j Conidiomata on PDA. k Vertical section of conidioma on PDA. l Conidiogenesis cells. m Conidia (beta). Scale bars: a, j = 500 lm, k = 100 lm, b = 50 lm, m = 20 lm, l = 10 lm, c–g = 5 lm (2017) estimated there are two species of Broomella in the family Sporocadaceae. 191 Broomella rosae Wanas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554222; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04065; Fig. 129. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0244. Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–250 lm high 200–300 lm diam. ( x = 195.5 9 265.9 lm, n = 10), solitarily, often with a brown, immersed or semi-immersed in the host tissues, black, with smooth to somewhat rough surface, globose, with flattened Fig. 125 Diaporthe rosicola (MFLU 17-0646, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d, e Different stages of conidiogenesis (e alpha). f–j Conidia (i and j Beta). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–j = 5 lm 123 192 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 126 Diaporthe rudis (MFLU 15-3379) a, b Appearance of ectostroma and ascomata on host substrate c Vertical section through ectostroma with ascoma. d Section through ostiole. e Close up of peridium. f Paraphyses. g–i Immature and mature asci. j Ascus in Melzer’s reagent. k Germinating ascospore. l, m Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 1 mm, c–j = 20 lm, k–m =5 lm base. Ostiole central, papillate, with circular outline, ostiolar neck comprising brown setae, ostiolar cannel filled with hyaline periphyses. Peridium 5–10 lm thick at the base, 20–30 lm near the ostiole, outer layers thin-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis to textura intricata, inner layers composed of hyaline to brown, thinwalled, flat cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3.5 lm (n = 20) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 70–80 9 7–9 lm ( x = 75.6 9 8.1 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J?. Ascospores 12–15 9 6–8 lm ( x = 13.6 9 6.9 lm, n = 40), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, mostly symmetrical, sometimes one side flattened, 1-septate, not constricted at the septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to brown at maturity, with conically rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena [FC] province, Tessello, Cesena, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 5 March 2015 Erio Camporesi IT 2401 (MFLU 16-0244, holotype). GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828874, LSU: MG828990. Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Italy, an isolate (MFLU 16-0244) was recovered from Rosa spines in Forli-Cesena Province. This new isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Broomella vitalbae, Hyalotiella spartii and Truncatella angustata. Based on priority, the generic name Broomella applied herein for the new isolate. However, morphologically it differs from the genera Broomella, Hyalotiella and Truncatella, with 1-septate ellipsoidal ascospores, lack of appendages and asci with a J?, apical ring. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies. Seimatosporium Corda, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 3(13): 79 (1833) Notes: The genus Seimatosporium is an asexual morph genus introduced by Corda (1833) with S. rosae as the type. Species of Seimatosporium have been linked to Discostroma sexual morphs through molecular data (Tanaka et al. 2011). However, the lack of sequence data for the type of Discostroma has not enabled this connection to be 2015). confirmed (Maharachchikumbura et al. Seimatosporium species previously described or reported on Rosa spp. include Seimatosporium caudatum, S. discosioides, S. lichenicola., S. rosae Corda, S. rosarum (Henn.) B. Sutton and S. salicinum (Fig. 130) Seimatosporium rosigenum Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554223; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04066; Fig. 131. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 15-0782. Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary to gregarious, immersed to semi-immersed, unilocular, subglobose, up to 390–420 lm diam, 120– 130 lm high, brown to black. Conidiomata wall composed of thin-walled, outer, brown cells of textura prismatica and 193 inner, pale brown cells of textura angularis, up to 10 lm thick. Conidiophores arising from the inner cells of the basal cell layers, hyaline, unbranched, smooth, up to 10 lm long. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, cylindrical to doliiform, discrete, hyaline, smooth. Conidia (8.5– )10–14 9 3.5–5.5 lm ( x = 11.7 9 4.7 lm, n = 30), brown to olivaceous, fusiform, straight, 3-septate, septa darker than the rest, basal cell conic with obtuse base, pale brown to brown, 2.2–3 lm long ( x = 2.6 lm), two median cells doliiform, with thick verruculose walls, occasionally constricted at the septa, concolourous, together 4.5–8 lm long ( x = 6.2 lm), second cell from base 2.5–4 lm ( x = 3 lm); third cell 2–4 lm ( x = 3 lm); apical cell hyaline, conical, 1.2–3.2 lm long ( x = 2.4 lm), with 1 tubular apical appendage, unbranched, arising not centrally but near the apex of the apical cell, 16–25 lm long ( x = 16.2 lm); basal appendage mostly absent. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 2 cm diam. after 7 days at 16–18 °C, circular, umbonate, fluffy, with undulate margins, colony from above grey, pale yellow at the center; reverse grey. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Pesaro-Urbino [PU], Monte Nerone, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 11 June 2012, Erio Camporesi IT 430 (MFLU 15-0782, holotype), ibid. (MFLU 15-0783, MFLU 15-0784, MFLU 15-0785, paratypes), living culture, MFLUCC 15-0563 = KUMCC 16-0112. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828960, LSU: MG829071. Notes: Seimatosporium rosigenum shares certain morphological similarities with S. lichenicola, S. rosae, S. rosarum and S. salicinum, which have also been reported on Rosa spp. (Nag Raj 1993; Farr and Rossman 2017). However, they can be distinguished from our new species based on the number of septa and presence or absence of appendages. While S. rosigenum has 3-septate conidia with mostly apical appendages, S. salicinum has 2–3 septate conidia with both apical and basal appendages. The conidia of S. rosae and S. rosarum have either 2–3 septa with only basal appendages (Nag Raj 1993). In our molecular phylogeny our new species groups with S. lichenicola, but can be differentiated in having comparatively wider (13–15 9 5.5–6.5 lm vs. 10–14 9 3.5–5.5 lm of S. rosigenum) conidia lacking appendages (Sutton 1980). Seimatosporium rosicola Wanas., Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554224; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04067; Figs. 132 and 133. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0239. Saprobic on spines of Rosa spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high 220–280 lm diam. ( x = 140.2 9 123 194 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Seiridium cardinale CBS 172.56 Lepteutypa cupressi IMI 052255 72 Seiridium phylicae CPC19965 Seiridium cupressi ATCC 48158 Ciliochorella castaneae HHUF 28799 Clade A Seiridium rosarum MFLUCC 17-0654 66 Seiridium marginatum SEI 94 Seiridium marginatum CBS 140403 58 Seiridium marginatum CBS 140404 Seiridium papillatum CBS 340.97 100 Neopestalotiopsis protearum CBS 114178 100 Neopestalotiopsis rosae CBS 101057 94 Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos CBS 272.29 99 Pseudopestalotiopsis theae MFLUCC 12-0055 67 100 Pestalotiopsis malayana CBS 102220 Pestalotiopsis knightiae CBS 114138 Monochaetia monochaeta CBS 191.82 Monochaetia kansensis PSHI2004Endo1030 100 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLUCC 15-0564 55 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLU 16-0239 67 Seimatosporium rosae MFLUCC 14-0621 70 Discostroma tostum NBRC 32626 Clade B Discostroma sp. IT1772 95 Seimatosporium hypericinum NBRC 32647 Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 156 55 76 Strickeria kochii C149 56 Strickeria kochii C146 100 Strickeria kochii CBS 140411 Strickeria kochii C138 Bartalinia rosicola MFLUCC 17-0645 50 Bartalinia laurina HKUCC 6537 96 Clade C Bartalinia pondoensis CMW 31067 Bartalinia robillardoides CBS 122705 99 Zetiasplozna acaciae CBS 137994 Morinia pestalozzioides F-090354 Dyrithiopsis lakefuianensis HKUCC 7303 Hymenopleella hippophaeicola CBS 140410 Broomella vitalbae CBS 140412 Hyalotiella spartii MFLUCC 15-0024 86 66 100 Broomella rosae MFLU 16-0244 Clade D Truncatella angustata ICMP 7062 97 Truncatella restionacearum CMW 18755 Truncatella hartigii CBS 118148 Robillarda africana CBS 122.75 91 Ellurema indica IMI 136542 Robillarda sessilis CBS 114312 93 Adisciso yakushimense HHUF 29671 97 Adisciso tricellulare NBRC 32705 100 Discosia artocreas NBRC 8975 Discosia pini MAFF 410149 Immersidiscosia eucalypti MAFF 242781 Phlogicylindrium uniforme CBS 131312 Phlogicylindriaceae (Outgroup) Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum CBS 111689 Sporocadaceae 75 100 100 0.02 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 127 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS and LSU sequenced data of given Sporocadaceae species. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-three strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1650 characters with gaps. Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum (CBS 111689) and Phlogicylindrium uniforme (CBS 131312) are used as outgroup taxa. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 7444.741578 is presented. The matrix had 552 distinct alignment patterns, with 19.58% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.260167, C = 0.210784, G = 0.261794, T = 0.267254; substitution rates AC = 0.825375, AG = 2.791123, AT = 1.369607, CG = 0.958827, CT = 4.869219, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.55079. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 50% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue 248.7 lm, n = 10), solitarily, immersed or semi-immersed, black, globose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate, with circular outline, filled with pale-brown to brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm thick at the base, 15–25 lm near the ostiole, outer layers heavily pigmented, fusing outwardly with the host cells, thin-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis to textura intricata, inner layers composed of hyaline to brown, thin-walled, flat cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3.5–4 lm (n = 20) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 50–70 9 8–12 lm ( x = 62.6 9 10.2 lm, n = 30), 8spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J?. Ascospores 11–13 9 5–7 lm ( x = 12.1 9 6.5 lm, n = 40), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical, muriform, 3-transversely septate, with 1-vertical septum, not constricted at the septa, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown to brown at maturity, with rounded ends. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 200–350 lm diam., 80–120 lm high, pycnidial, solitary, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark brown to black. Conidiomata wall (4.5–8 lm) not well defined, comprising brown, thin-walled cells of textura angularis, with lighter cells at the base fusing into the host tissue. Conidiophores arising from the cells at the base, cylindrical, unbranched, hyaline, smooth, up to 30 lm long, surrounded by many filiform, hyaline filaments. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, integrated, hyaline, determinate, smooth, formed from the inner most layer of the conidiomata wall. Conidia (15.5–)12–14 9 5– 7.5(–9) lm ( x = 13 9 6.5 lm, n = 35), variable, mostly obovoid or broad fusiform, straight, initially hyaline, pale to moderate brown at maturity, with 3 transverse, thick, darker septa, occasionally constricted at the septa, often obtuse at both ends, or well rounded, smooth-walled, basal cell conical with a truncate base, pale brown or hyaline, 195 1.2–2.6 lm long ( x = 2 lm), with two median cells doliiform, pale brown to brown, together 5.6–7.7 lm long ( x= 6.5 lm), second cell from the base 1.2–3 lm long ( x = 2.5 lm), third cell from the base 1.5–3.5 lm long ( x = 2.6 lm), apical cell conical with obtuse or rounded apex, pale brown to brown, 1.7–3.8 lm long ( x = 2.8 lm). Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 1.5–2 cm diam. after 7 days at 16–18 °C, filamentous, circular, flat with entire margin, from above white, pale yellow at the center; reverse white. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], near Corverselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 30 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2263 (MFLU 16-0239, holotype), ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, near San Benedetto in Alpe, on spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 21 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2187 (MFLU 15-0806), ibid. (MFLU 15-0807–12), living culture MFLUCC 15-0564 = KUMCC 17-0020. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828958, MG828959, LSU: MG829069, MG829070. Notes: In the phylogenetic analysis Seimatosporium rosicola groups with Discostroma fuscellum and S. glandigenum. Discostroma fuscellum (also reported on Rosa sp.) is morphologically similar to the sexual morph of S. rosicola, but is different in having comparatively smaller ascomata (150–250 9 300–500 lm), longer asci (115–132 9 7–12 lm) and larger ascospores (15–21 9 5–9.5 lm) (Huhndorf 1992a). The asexual morph of S. rosicola shares similar conidiomata and conidial characteristics with S. glandigenum. However, their conidial dimensions differ (15–18 9 5–6.5 vs. 12–14 9 5–7.5 lm), and the apical cells of the conidia of S. rosicola can be pale brown to brown compared to the hyaline ones found in S. glandigenum. Several other Discostroma species have been recorded on Rosa spp. viz. D. caninum, D. polymorphum (from Rosa pendulina) and D. rosae (from Rosa pendulina) (Brockmann 1976; Perera et al. 2016). D. caninum and D. polymorphum have longer asci with 1 or 1–3-septate ascospores (Brockmann 1976). Seiridium Nees, System der Pilze und Schwämme: 22 (1817) Notes: Nees (1816) established this genus based on Seiridium marginatum. The taxa in Seiridium are mainly plant pathogenic fungi (Tsopelas et al. 2007) which are characterised by 6-celled conidia (Jeewon et al. 2003; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Blogiascospora and Lepteutypa have been identified as the sexual morph of Seiridium (Senanayake et al. 2015). In a recent study, Jaklitsch et al. (2016a) epitypified Seiridium marginatum and confirmed its sexual morphs as Blogiascospora 123 196 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 128 Bartalinia rosicola (MFLU 15-3235, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Section of conidioma. d–f Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. g–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–j = 10 lm 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 129 Broomella rosae (MFLU 16-0239, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Vertical section through ascoma. c, d Vertical sections of peridium. e Paraphyses. f–k Asci (note the amyloid ascus 197 rings in i, j and k). l–q Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, d, f–h = 20 lm, i, j, l–q = 10 lm 123 198 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 78 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLU 16-0239 71 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLUCC 15-0564 66 Discostroma sp. E-000535728 Discostroma sp. E-000535670 glandigenum NBRC 32677 Discostroma fuscellum MFLUCC 14-0052 Discostroma fuscellum NBRC 32625 52 Seimatosporium rosigenum MFLUCC 15-0563 Seimatosporium lichenicola MFLUCC 14-0623 Discostroma fuscellum NBRC 32680 70 Seimatosporium vaccinii ICMP 7003 77 Seimatosporium sorbi MFLUCC 14-0469 Seimatosporium italicum MFULCC 14-1196 96 Seimatosporium cornii MFLUCC 14-0467 Seimatosporium cornii MFLUCC 14 0467 83 Seimatosporium parasiticum NBRC 32682 Seimatosporium physocarpi MFLUCC 14-0625 Discostroma tostum NBRC 32626 Discostroma sp. E-000535704 95 Discostroma sp. E-000535628 Seimatosporium vitis MFLUCC 14-0051 67 66 Seimatosporium botan H 4619 82 Discostroma botan HHUF 4642 81 Seimatosporium botan HMUC 316PD Seimatosporium discosioides H 4621 99 Seimatosporium rosae MFLUCC 14-0621 Seimatosporium pistaciae CBS 138865 Seimatosporium hypericinum NBRC 32647 Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 157 91 Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 159 85 Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 156 Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 158 70 100 Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 13580 95 72 Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 13578 Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 12992 Seimatosporium obtusum CPC 12935 86 Seimatosporium kriegerianum NBRC 32679 70 Discostroma stoneae NBRC 32690 Seimatosporium elegans NBRC 32674 55 Sarcostroma bisetulatum CBS 122695 Seimatosporium hakeae NBRC 32678 88 Sarcostroma restionis CBS 118154 72 Sarcostroma restionis CBS 118153 69 79 Seimatosporium leptospermi ICMP 11845 Seimatosporium grevilleae ICMP 10981 55 Seimatosporium quercina MFLUCC 14-1198 78 Seimatosporium mariae NBRC 32681 Seimatosporium biseptatum CPC 13584 Seimatosporium walkeri CPC 17644 99 Discostroma sp. E-000535673 98 Sarcostroma lomatiae CBS 118144 52 Seimatosporium rhombusii MFLUCC 15-0543 Strickeria kochii C146 99 Seimatosporium ficeae MFLUCC 15-0519 Seimatosporium foliicola NBRC 32676 100 Adisciso tricellulare NBRC 32705 71 Seimatosporium azalea MAFF 237478 88 Adisciso yakushimense MAFF 242774 97 Discosia aff. pleurochaeta MAFF 242779 Discosia aff. pleurochaeta MAFF 242778 86 Discosia pini MAFF 410149 100 Discosia artocreas MAFF 237018 72 Discosia artocreas NBRC 8975 Discosia pseudoartocreas CPC 21117 Immersidiscosia eucalypti NBRC 104196 62 Immersidiscosia eucalypti MAFF 242781 100 Immersidiscosia eucalypti NBRC 104195 Immersidiscosia eucalypti MFLU 16-1372 Pseudopestalotiopsis theae MFLUCC 12-0055 Pseudopestalotiopsis (Outgroup) 0.02 Seimatosporium 88 Seimatosporium 95 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 130 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU and ITS partial sequence data. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/) and Norphanphoun et al. (2017). Sixty-nine strains are included in the combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence analyses, which comprise 1,373 characters with gaps (812 for LSU and 561 for ITS). Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (MFLUCC 12-0055) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the Bayesian analysis. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 5357.378316 is presented. The matrix had 315 distinct alignment patterns, with 14.44% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.254028, C = 0.214897, G= 0.256427, T = 0.274649; substitution rates AC = 1.669093, AG = 4.094948, AT = 2.100113, CG = 1.335509, CT = 6.709933, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.740345. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML) equal to or greater than 50% are given above or below the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue marginata using ribosomal-DNA based sequence data. In this study we introduce another species, Seiridium rosarum to this genus from Italy. Seiridium rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554225; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04068; Fig. 134. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: MFLU 16-0247. Saprobic on spines and branches of Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 80– 110 lm high 250–300 lm diam. ( x = 94.9 9 275.1 lm, n = 5), pycnidial to sporodochial, mostly solitary, immersed, unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark brown to black. Conidiomata wall 5–10 lm thick at sides, not well defined, comprising brown, thin-walled cells of textura angularis, with lighter cells at the base fusing into the host tissue. Conidiophores 20–50 9 1.5–2.5 lm ( x = 42.3 9 2.1 lm, n = 40), septate, cylindrical, relatively long and irregularly branched, hyaline or pale brown, thinwalled. Conidiogenous cells 5–20 9 1.5–3 lm ( x = 15.7 9 2.2 lm, n = 40), discrete, hyaline, cylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, proliferating percurrently, with visible collarettes and minute periclinal thickenings. Conidia 22–28 9 7–9 lm ( x = 25.9 9 7.8 lm, n = 40), lunate to falcate, curved, 5-septate, rarely 4- or 6-septate, not striate, bearing one appendage, euseptate with no visible pores, basal cell obconic with a truncate base, hyaline, walls smooth, 3.5–4 lm; four median cells, smooth, cylindrical to doliiform, brown to dark brown, and septa darker than the rest of the cells, second cell from base 5–6 lm long, third cell 5–6 lm long, fourth cell 5–6 lm long, fifth cell 199 4.5–5.5 lm long, apical cell conical, hyaline, smooth, 3.5–4 lm long, apical appendage single, mostly centric, up to 12 lm long. Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy. Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province, near Pietrapazza, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial spines and branches of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 13 March 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2412 (MFLU 16-0247, holotype), living culture MFLUCC 17-0654. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828961, LSU: MG829072. Notes: Seiridium rosarum is morphologically similar to S. eucalypti and S. unicorne in having conidia with similar conidial dimensions (length/width ratio), smooth-walled median cells and unbranched appendages and lacking spathulate ends. The conidiomata of S. unicorne are occasionally plurilocular or have irregularly convoluted locules and their spores bear one apical and basal appendage (Nag Raj 1993), while the conidiomata of S. rosarum are unilocular producing conidia with one apical appendage. Seiridium eucalypti is foliicolous, having stromatic conidiomata. Xylariales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 66 (1932) Notes: Xylariales was introduced by Nannfeldt (1932) and still with the contradiction of the demarcation of the order boundaries. Senanayake et al. (2015) treated Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales to accommodate species in Xylariomycetidae and it was supported by molecular clock evidence (Hongsanan et al. 2017). However, Jaklitsch et al. (2016a), Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) and Wendt et al. (2017) treated it as a single order, the Xylariales represent the subclass Xylariomycetidae. Currently, there are 26 accepted families in the order (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016, Daranagama et al. 2018; Voglmayr et al. 2017; Wendt et al. 2017). Coniocessiaceae Asgari & Zare, Mycological Progress 10 (2): 195 (2011) Notes: The family Coniocessiaceae was introduced to accommodate the single genus Coniocessia by Asgari and Zare (2011) which was distinguished from other families in having a hyaline asexual morph with polyblastic conidiogenesis (nodulisporium-like), in contrast to the generally pigmented nodulisporium-like asexual morphs in Xylariales (Asgari and Zare 2011). Currently, the family consists of five accepted Coniocessia species (Index Fungorum 2017). Based on molecular clock analyses, the family has not been referred to any appropriate orders given the different placement recovered from other analyses and hence it has been referred to Xylariomycetidae families incertae sedis (Hongsanan et al. 2017). 123 200 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 131 Seimatosporium rosigenum (MFLU 15-0782, holotype) a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Cross section of conidioma. d–f Conidia arising from conidiogenous cells. g Germinating spore. h–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–h = 10 lm, i–m = 20 lm Paraxylaria Wanas., E.B.G. Jones, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554226; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04069. Etymology: After its morphological similarities to Xylaria. Saprobic on Rosaceae spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed, with the ostiolum, often including an upper part of the ascoma, erumpent above the host surface, solitary or aggregated in small numbers, conical with rounded base or Fig. 132 Seimatosporium rosicola sexual morph (MFLU 16-0239, c holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through ascoma. d, e Vertical sections of peridium. f Paraphyses. g–j Asci (note the amyloid ascus rings in i and j). k–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f, i–o = 10 lm, g, h = 20 lm 123 more or less globose with a prominent, conical, more or less acute, shiny black, papilla, circular in transverse section, black; often surrounded by white amorphous tissue Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 201 123 202 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 133 Seimatosporium rosicola asexual morph. a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Section of conidioma. d, e Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. f–l Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 100 lm, d, e = 10 lm, f–l = 20 lm turning black by ejected ascospores. Peridium thickened and hard in apical regions, blackish brown, consisting of small pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, containing a flat, V-shaped to sinuous, J? apical ring. Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical, aseptate, initially hyaline to yellowish- brown, becoming blackish-brown at maturity, with rounded ends, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type: Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde Notes: Paraxylaria is morphologically more similar to Xylaria in its asci and ascospores. But these two genera are phylogenetically apart in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (data not shown). The phylogenetic analyses reveal a close phylogenetic affinity of Paraxylaria to other members of 123 the Coniocessiaceae with reliable support and hence we refer it to Coniocessiaceae. Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554227; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04070; Fig. 136. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6132. Saprobic on Rosaceae spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 380–450 lm high 400–500 lm diam ( x = 412.4 9 458.2 lm, n = 5), immersed, with the ostiolum often including an upper part of the ascoma, erumpent above the host surface, solitary or aggregated in small numbers, conical with rounded base or more or less globose with a prominent, conical, more or less acute, shiny black, papilla, circular in transverse section, black; often surrounded by Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 203 Fig. 134 Seiridium rosarum (MFLU 16-0247, holotype). a Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. b Section of conidioma. c–g Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. h, i Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–f = 20 lm, g–i = 10 lm 123 204 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Microdochium seminicola KAS3569 Microdochium albescens CBS 290.79 Microdochium sorghi CBS 691.96 83 Microdochium trichocladiopsis CBS 623.77 Microdochium tainanense CBS 269.76 53 100 Microdochium neoqueenslandicum CBS 108926 Microdochiaceae Microdochium neoqueenslandicum CBS 445.95 Microdochium colombiense CBS 624.94 100 Microdochium nivale CBS 116205 99 Microdochium phragmitis CBS 423.78 100 Microdochium phragmitis CBS 285.71 100 Microdochium lycopodinum CBS 146.68 Microdochium fisheri CBS 242.91 100 Gyrothrix ramosa MUCL 54061 96 Gyrothrix inops BE108 85 Idriella lunata MUCL 7551 95 Circinotrichum cycadis CPC 17285 Circinotrichum papakurae CBS 101373 99 Coniocessia cruciformis Co116 Coniocessia cruciformis Co115 Coniocessia maxima Co117 79 Coniocessia nodulisporioides Co107 Coniocessia nodulisporioides Co126 100 99 Coniocessia minima Co111 Coniocessia minima IRAN 1470C Coniocessiaceae 56 Coniocessia anandra Co108 Circinotrichum maculiforme CPC 24566 55 100 Circinotrichum maculiforme CBS 122758 94 Lopadostoma polynesium LAG 60 Idriella sp. MUCL 54045 100 92 Gyrothrix verticillata MUCL 54054 Paraxylaria Paraxylaria rosacearum TASM 6132 Diatrype whitmanensis 70 Eutypa lata AFTOL-ID 929 62 Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 11-0018 57 100 Diatrypaceae Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 11-0020 90 Anthostoma decipiens CD 97 Cryptovalsa rabenhorstii CreI Diatrype disciformis It 1516 85 Lopadostoma dryophilum LG21 79 Lopadostoma meridionale LG Lopadostoma americanum LG8 72 83 Lopadostoma insulare LQM Lopadostoma quercicola LG27 69 Lopadostoma fagi LF1 Lopadostomataceae Lopadostoma turgidum LT2 66 Lopadostoma linospermum LPL 100 Lopadostoma gastrinum LG4 53 Lopadostoma lechatii LG22 Creosphaeria sassafras CrS 100 Creosphaeria sassafras CBS 119001 Hyponectria buxi UME 31430 100 79 Hyponectriaceae (Outgroup) 0.04 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 135 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS and LSU sequenced data of selected families in Amphisphaeriales. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-two strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1593 characters with gaps. Hyponectria buxi (UME 31430) is used as the outgroup taxon. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 11745.427587 is presented. The matrix had 720 distinct alignment patterns, with 17.36% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.257238, C = 0.220265, G = 0.27005, T = 0.252447; substitution rates AC = 1.264343, AG = 2.58622, AT = 1.863123, CG = 0.997928, CT = 5.095811, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.559668. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 50% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue white amorphous tissue turning black by ejected ascospores. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base, thickened to 70 lm and hard in upper regions, blackish brown, consisting of small pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 20) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 150–170 9 11– 14 lm ( x = 157.6 9 12.5 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, long-pedicellate up to 40 lm, containing a flat, V-shaped to sinuous, J? apical ring. Ascospores 16– 20 9 9–11 lm ( x = 18.5 9 10.1 lm, n = 40), uniseriate, ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical, aseptate, initially hyaline to yellowish- brown, becoming blackishbrown at maturity, with rounded ends, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined (Figs. 137, 138). Known distribution: On Rose bush, Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province, Bostanliq district, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-B19-2 (TASM 6132, holotype). MFLU 17-0180, isotype. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828941, LSU: MG829050, SSU: MG829155. Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies. Apart from their gross morphological resemblance to Xylaria species, Paraxylaria rosacearum is also morphologically similar to Coniocessia in having dark pigmented, ellipsoidal ascospores. But the latter differs in having non-amyloid asci with a distinct germ-slit extending over the whole length of the spores, whereas Paraxylaria rosacearum has a J?, ascal apical ring and lack of germ-slit in the ascospores. Our phylogeny supports a close affinity to Coniocessia and related genera, but is distinct enough to establish a new genus (Fig. 135). 205 Castanediellaceae Hern.-Restr., Guarro & Crous, Studies in Mycology 86: 93 (2017) Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU sequence data support this new family within Xylariales and it is distinct from Beltraniaceae. There is only one genus, Castanediella in Castanediellaceae. Castanediella Hern.-Restr., Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 34: 187 (2015) The genus Castanediella was proposed by Hern.-Restr., Crous & M.J. Wingf. (2015) with Castanediella acaciae. To date, nine species are listed in the Index Fungorum (2017). Species of this genus are characterized by branched conidiophores and straight to slightly curved, 0–1-septate conidia. They are commonly isolated from leaf litter and wood (Crous et al. 2016a, b; Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). Currently, Castanediella forms a monophyletic group, and represents a distinct taxonomic group at the family level closely related to the Beltraniaceae in Xylariales. While evaluating the diversity of fungi of the order Xylariales isolated from Camellia japonica leaf sample from Geumgol Mountain, Jin Island (Jindo), Korea, a new species was isolated and it is described based on morphological characteristics and its phylogeny is inferred based on LSU/ITS sequence data. Castanediella camelliae Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB822566; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04075; Fig. 139 Etymology Referring to genus of the host plant Camellia japonica. Holotype: CNUFC-DLHBS5-1 Colonies grow slowly on MEA, reaching 63–65 mm diam. at 25 °C in seven days, initially white then becoming grey to isabelline. Mycelium hyaline, septate, 2–4.5 lm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, ampulliform, globose to subglobose, or irregularly-shaped, 5.5–20.5 9 2–4.5 lm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, straight to slightly curved, septum indistinct, guttulate, sometimes swollen in the middle part, 18.5–51.5 9 1.6–2.5 lm. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Geumgol Mountain (34°320 N 126°170 E), from a leaf lesions of Camellia japonica L., 19th April 2017 (CNUFCDLHBS5-1, preserved as glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of National Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Xylariales incertae sedis 123 206 Fig. 136 Paraxylaria rosacearum (TASM 6132, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d Vertical section through ascoma. e Vertical section of peridium. f Paraphyses. g–j Asci (note the 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 arrowed ascus ring in j). k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, f, k–p = 10 lm, g–j = 20 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 207 Castanediella cagnizarii MUCL 41095 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 101043 97 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 542.96 Castanediella hyalopenicillata CPC 25873 100 Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-1 Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 Castanediella malysiana CPC 24918 65 Castanediella ramosa MUCL 39857 89 Castanediella couratarii CBS 579.71 Castanediella eucalypti CPC 24746 Castanediella acaciae CPC 24869 Hemibeltrania cinnamomi NFCCI 3695 Pseudobeltrania ocoteae CPC 26219 Diatrype disciformis AFTOL-ID 927 86 84 81 72 0.02 Fig. 137 Phylogenetic tree of Castanediella camelliae CNUFCDLHBS5-1 and CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data. Sequences of Diatrype disciformis was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes Castanediellaceae Beltraniaceae Diatrypaceae (Outgroup) indicate bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold Castanediella malysiana CPC 24918 Castanediella ramosa MUCL 39857 Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-1 100 Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 Castanediella eucalypti CPC 24746 78 Castanediella eucalypticola CPC 25639 Castanediellaceae Castanediella couratarii CBS 579.71 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 542.96 88 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 101043 Castanediella cagnizarii MUCL 41095 Castanediella hyalopenicillata CPC 25873 Castanediella acaciae CPC 24869 Pseudomassaria carolinensis 9502 Hemibeltrania cinnamomi NFCCI 3695 Pseudobeltrania ocoteae CPC 26219 Beltraniaceae 99 Beltrania rhombica CPC 27482 64 Beltrania rhombica 10353 Beltraniopsis neolitseae CBS 137974 Diatrype disciformis AFTOL-ID 927 Diatrypaceae (Outgroup) 0.01 85 86 Fig. 138 Phylogenetic tree of Castanediella camelliae CNUFCDLHBS5-1 and CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood analysis of 28S rDNA sequence data. Sequences of Diatrype disciformis was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013658). Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide range of temperatures with varying growth rates on OA (oat meal agar), PDA (potato dextrose agar), and MEA (malt extract agar). The average growth rates of CNUFCDLHBS5-1on OA, PDA, and MEA were 6, 8, and 5.5 mm per 24 h, respectively at 25 °C. Optimal growth was observed around 25 °C, slow growth was observed at 10 °C, and no growth at 35 °C. 123 208 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 139 Castanediella camelliae (CNUFC-DLHBS5-1, holotype). a–c Disease symptoms on Camellia japonica leaves. d Colony in potato dextrose agar. e, f Conidiogenous cells producing conidia (red arrows). g–j Slender and swollen conidia in the middle part of the conidia (yellow arrow). Scale bars: e, g = 20 lm, f, h–j = 10 lm GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926620, MF926621, LSU: MF926614, MF926615. Notes: Castanediella camelliae is distinct from C. malaysiana, C. hyalopenicillata, and C. eucalypti with respect to conidial morphology. Conidia of Castanediella camelliae are narrower and longer than those of C. malaysiana, C. hyalopenicillata, and C. eucalypti. Furthermore, conidiogenous cells of Castanediella camelliae are diverse in shape. In our phylogenetic tree, the strains constitute a separate branch from other species and is considered as a new specie. 123 Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) listed four orders in Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis i.e. Amplistromatales, Coniochaetales, Cordanales and Spathulosporales. Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. Fernández, Mycologia 96 (2): 378 (2004) Notes: Huhndorf et al. (2004) introduced Coniochaetales to accommodate Coniochaetaceae with Barrina, Coniochaeta, Coniochaetidium and Poroconiochaeta. This order is characterized by superficial or immersed, subglobose, globose or obpyriform ascomata, septate, filiform paraphyses, subglobose, clavate or cylindrical asci, ellipsoid, ellipsoid-fusoid or discoid, aseptate, hyaline or pigmented, smooth or finely pitted ascospores with distinct elongate germ slits. Conidiogenesis phialidic and conidia produced on discrete phialides or from phialidic intercalary cells (Huhndorf et al. 2004). Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain, Canadian Journal of Botany 49 (6): 878 (1971) Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke, Grevillea 16 (77): 16 (1887) Notes: We follow the latest treatment of this genus in Samarakoon et al. (2018) (Fig. 140). Coniochaeta baysunika Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554229; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04072; Fig. 141. Etymology: Named after the Baysun Mountain in Uzbekistan. Holotype: TASM 6131. Saprobic on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high 220–280 lm diam. ( x = 234.2 9 239.6 lm, n = 10), black, with smooth to somewhat rough surface, superficial, solitary or gregarious, globose, uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate, with circular outline, lacking periphyses, filled with hyaline cells. Peridium brittle when dry, softer when rehydrated, 15–20 lm thick at the base, 30–50 lm near the ostiole, two-layered. Inner layer consisting of hyaline to subhyaline, strongly compressed cells, outer layer consisting of densely packed, moderately thick-walled, brown cells, tending to be darker and more isodiametric towards the outside; near the ostiole some protruding, thick-walled, elongated, apically rounded cells and sparse, pale, often apically darker, septate, hairs present. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 900–120 9 8–10 lm ( x = 107.2 9 8.9 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, shortpedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J-. Ascospores 15– 22 9 4.5–5.5 lm ( x = 17.8 9 4.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping 209 uniseriate, ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, dark brown, darker in 3% KOH, 1-septate, with a conspicuous, straight germ slit across the entire length, smooth, without sheath or appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa sp. Uzbekistan. Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun district, Qizilnaur village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S70 (TASM 6131, holotype), MFLU 17-0157, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0830. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828880, LSU: MG828996, SSU: MG829107, TEF: MG829196. Notes: See the notes under Coniochaeta rosae. Coniochaeta rosae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF554228; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04071; Fig. 142. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus Rosa. Holotype: TASM 6127. Saprobic on trunk and branches of Rosa spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high 220–280 lm diam. ( x = 290.2 9 286.4 lm, n = 10), forming inconspicuous groups of 0.5–2 mm diam. in cracks of bark or erumpent through the bark, more rarely growing solitarily, often with a brown, amorphous substance between them rendering a stromatic appearance, immersed or semi-immersed in the bark, often with only the ostiole visible, black, with smooth to somewhat rough surface, globose. Ostiole central, papillate to cylindrical, with circular outline, densely filled with periphyses. Peridium brittle when dry, softer when rehydrated, 20–30 lm thick at the base, 30–50 lm near the ostiole, two-layered, inner layer consisting of hyaline to subhyaline, strongly compressed cells, outer layer consisting of densely packed, moderately thick-walled, brown cells, tending to be darker and more isodiametric towards the outside; near the ostiole some protruding, thick-walled, elongated, apically rounded cells and sparse, pale, often apically darker, septate, hairs present. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 90–120 9 8–10 lm ( x = 107.2 9 8.9 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, shortpedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J- (Melzer-negative). Ascospores 14–18 9 4–6 lm ( x = 15.8 9 5.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, dark brown, darker in 3% KOH, 1-septate, with a conspicuous, straight germ slit across the entire length, smooth-walled, without sheath or appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Known distribution: On Rosa spp. Uzbekistan. 123 210 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Coniochaeta hoffmannii CBS 245.38 70 Coniochaeta luteorubra CBS 131710 Coniochaeta fodinicola CBS 136963 74 88 Coniochaeta cateniformis CBS 131709 Coniochaeta canina UAMH 11702 Coniochaeta nepalica NBRC 30584 95 Coniochaeta cymbiformispora NBRC 32199 Coniochaeta mutabilis CBS 157.44 74 Coniochaeta luteoviridis CBS 206.38 100 69 Coniochaeta velutina CBS 120874 Coniochaeta velutina CBS 121444 Coniochaeta lignicola CBS 267.33 Coniochaeta fasciculata CBS 205.38 Coniochaeta 70 54 95 74 77 Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0804 Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0810 Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0806 Coniochaeta rosae MFLU 17-0122 Coniochaeta baysunika MFLUCC 17–0830 Coniochaeta africana CBS 120868 59 100 Coniochaeta prunicola CBS 120875 Coniochaeta prunicola CBS 121445 Coniochaeta gigantospora ILLS 60816 100 100 Coniochaeta taeniospora LTA1 Coniochaeta taeniospora LTA 70 Coniochaeta navarrae LTA3 Coniochaeta polymorpha CBS 132722 Coniochaeta decumbens CBS 153.42 100 0.03 Chaetosphaeria innumera MR 1175 Chaetosphaeria pygmaea MR 1365 Chaetosphaeriaceae (Outgroup) Fig. 140 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on LSU and ITS sequence data of Coniochaeta. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Twenty-nine strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1510 characters with gaps. Chaetosphaeria innumera (MR 1175) and C. pygmaea (MR 1365) are used as outgroup taxa. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 6041.59809 is presented. The matrix had 402 distinct alignment patterns, with 19.27% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.25006, C = 0.242896, G = 0.287316, T = 0.219728; substitution rates AC = 1.451405, AG = 1.620367, AT = 1.169359, CG = 1.258096, CT = 7.755103, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.507971. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 50% are given above the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun district, Omonxona village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, on stalk of Rosa hissarica Slobodov (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-3 (TASM 6127, holotype), MFLU 17-0130, isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0810. ibid. Qizilnaur village, South-Western Hissar Mountains, trunk and branches of Rosa ecae (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S88-2 (TASM 6128). Duplicate: MFLU 17-0122, ibid. Tashkent Province, Bostanliq district, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-B25-1 (TASM 6129). Duplicate: MFLU 17-0107, living culture, MFLUCC 17-0804. ibid. 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 211 Fig. 141 Coniochaeta baysunika (MFLU 17-0157, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Vertical section of a perithecium. f Paraphyses. g–i Asci (in Melzer). j–l Ascospores (Note the ascospore showing germ slit in l). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–l = 10 lm YG-B25-3 (TASM 6130), MFLU 17-0109, living culture, MFLUCC 17-0806. GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828881, MG828882, MG828883, MG828884, LSU: MG828997, MG828998, MG828999, MG829000, SSU: MG829108, MG829109, MG829110, MG829111, TEF: MG829197. Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Uzbekistan, four fungal isolates (MFLUCC 17-0804, MFLUCC 17-0810, MFLUCC 17-0806, MFLU 17-0122) were recovered from Rosa in South-Western Hissar Mountains in their sexual morphs. These isolates are morphologically similar in their dimensions and they are closely related to each other with strong bootstrap support 123 212 Fig. 142 Coniochaeta rosae (TASM 6127, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d Vertical section through ascomata. e Paraphyses. f–h Asci (in 5% KOH). i–m Ascospores (Note the ascospores 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 showing germ slits with 5% KOH in m). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 our LSU/ITS phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 140). Their morphological characters such as globose ascomata, cylindrical asci and ellipsoid ascospores with a straight germ slit across the entire length fit well within the species concept of Coniochaeta. Since this group clusters apart from other remaining members, we introduce these four isolates as C. rosae sp. nov. Coniochaeta baysunika is basal to C. rosae in the phylogenetic analyses. However, a comparison of 593 nucleotides across the ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) reveals 22 bp (3.7%) differences between C. baysunika and C. rosae. They are also morphologically different as C. rosae has immersed ascomata and ostioles with periphyses, while C. baysunika has superficial ascomata and lacks periphyses in the ostioles. Zygomycota Moreau, Encyclopédie Mycologique 23: 2035 (1954) Mucoromycotina Benny, Mycological Research 111 (5): 517 (2006) Notes: The subphylum Mucoromycotina was described by Benny in 2006 (Hibbett et al. 2007a, b). In comparison to others, this subphylum consists of the largest number of described species, especially, the well-known species Mucor mucedo and Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Currently, the subphylum contains three orders: Endogonales, Mucorales, and Umbelopsidales (Spatafora et al. 2016). Mucorales Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 296 (1832) Notes: The Mucorales is the largest order of fungi, classified into the subphylum Mucoromycotina. Currently, 14 families were placed in this order based on analyzed a multigene (act, EF-1a, 18S and 28S rRNA) data set (Hoffmann et al. 2013). Backusellaceae K. Voigt & P.M. Kirk, Index Fungorum 11: 1 (2012) Notes: The monogeneric family Backusellaceae has been introduced by Kirk (2012) and refers to mucoralean saprobes that inhabit soil and form transitorily curved sporangiophores. In addition, a comprehensive multigene genealogical analysis of the Mucorales showed a wellestablished clade that supported the establishment of the monogeneric Backusellaceae (Hoffmann et al. 2013). Backusella Hesselt. & J.J. Ellis Notes: The genus Backusella was established by Ellis and Hesseltine (1969) with the type species B. circina. The genus includes mucor-like species that differ from other Mucorales by their production of both sporangia and sporangiola on sporangiophores. The sporangia of Backusella species are terminal, multi-spored, and deliquescent, and some species laterally form persistent sporangiola that can 213 be either uni- or multi-spored (Lima et al. 2016). This genus was first placed in Mucoraceae and then transferred to Thamnidiaceae by Pidoplichko and Milko (1971) due to the possible morphological similarity to Thamnidium. Walther et al. (2013) revised the order Mucorales based on internal transcribed spacer and 28S rDNA sequence data and decided to transfer some species of Mucor to the genus Backusella based on transitorily recurved sporangiophores, while B. ctenidia was transferred to Mucor. Until now, the genus Backusella includes 13 species—B. circina, B. gigacellularis, B. grandis (=M. grandis), B. granulispora, B. indica (=M. recurvus var. indicus), B. johoriensis, B. lamprospora, B. oblongielliptica (=M. oblongiellipticus), B. oblongispora (=M. oblongispora), B. recurva (=M. recurvus), B. tuberculispora (=M. tuberculisporus), B. variabilis (=M. variabilis), and B. constricta (www. indexfungorum.org). Backusella species are saprobes that usually isolated from soil, leaf litter, and other plant debris (Benny and Benjamin 1975; Walther et al. 2013; de Souza et al. 2014). There are only a few records related to Backusella isolated from dung samples of animals such as humans (Walther et al. 2013) and agouti (Santiago et al. 2011), but especially no previous published literature records with Backusella isolated from faecal samples of insects. During a study on the diversity of zygomycetes in Korea, a species of Backusella that differed from other species in terms of its morphological and molecular characteristics was isolated and is thus described as a new species. To our knowledge, there are no previous published literature records of this genus in Korea (Figs. 143, 144). Backusella locustae Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee, & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB 822165; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04076; Fig. 145 Etymology Referring to the host, grasshopper, from which the species was first isolated. Holotype: CNUFC-SFB2. Colonies growing rapidly on SMA, initially white and later greyish-white, reaching 46.5–49 mm diameter at 25 °C after 2 days; reverse greyish-yellow and regularly zonate. Sporangiophores 5.5–11.5 lm wide, appearing upright or curved for a short time, branching, and having a septum near the point of branching. Sporangia globose to subglobose, reaching 30–42.5 9 30.5–44.5 lm. Sporangiospores globose to subglobose, sometimes irregular, with granular contents, measuring 9–23.5 9 10.5–25.5 lm. Multispored sporangiola globose to subglobose, measuring 31–59 9 33.5–61.5 lm, containing roughly 4–25 sporangiospores. Material examined: Republic of Korea, Jeonnam Province, Gwangju (35°90 30.3700 N, 126°470 38.2600 E), from a 123 214 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Backusella circina CBS 128.70 100 Backusella circina CBS 129.70 Backusella circina CBS 323.69 Backusella indica CBS 786.70 Backusella variabilis CBS 564.66 100 99 Backusella grandis CBS 186.87 72 Backusella consticta URM 7323 Backusella gigacellularis CCIBt 3866 95 100 94 Backusella recurva CBS 317.52 Backusella recurva CBS 318.52 Backusella Backusella recurva CBS 196.71 100 Backusella tuberculis CBS 562.66 100 97 Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB4 100 Backusella lamprospora CBS 118.08 81 Backusella lamprospora CBS 195.28 Backusella oblongispora CBS 569.70 Backusella oblongielliptica CBS 568.70 Mucor indicus CBS 226.29 0.05 Mucor (Outgroup) Fig. 143 Phylogenetic tree of Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 and CNUFC-SFB4, and related species based on a maximum-likelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. The sequence of Mucor indicus was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold faecal sample of grasshopper, 1 August 2016 (CNUFCSFB2, preserved as a glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection (CNUFC); isotype in Culture Collection of National Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013662). Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide range of temperatures with growth rates of 22, 20 and 24.5 mm per 24 h on synthetic mucor agar, potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar, respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow growth was observed below 10 °C and above 35 °C, and no growth was observed at 2 and 40 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: KY449291, KY449293, LSU: KY449290, KY449292, SSU: MF667989, MF667990, TEF: MF667987, MF667988. Notes: Backusella locustae is morphologically similar and closely related to B. lamprospora and B. recurva, but differs by having smaller sporangia. The multi-spored sporangiola of B. locustae were well-observed and larger than those of B. lamprospora. The new species was also different from B. recurva, which does not produce any typical multispored sporangiola. Especially, the number of sporangiospores per sporangiolum of B. locustae was less than that in B. lamprospora. In the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequence analyses of ITS rDNA and multiple genes, the strain formed a separate branch from other Backusella species, showing that it is a new species. 123 Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj., Aliso 4: 415 (1959) Notes: Currently, Cunninghamellaceae is composed of five genera: Absidia, Cunninghamella, Gongronella, Hesseltinella, and Chlamydoabsidia (Hoffmann et al. 2013). Absidia Tiegh., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 4: 350 (1878) Notes: The genus Absidia was originally described by Van (1876). Now, it belongs in Mucorales, Cunninghamellaceae, a family including six genera (Benny et al. 2014). The species of this genus are characterized by producing sporangiophores arising from stolons and Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 215 Backusella recurva FSU 10116 Backusella recurva FSU 10117 97 Backusella recurva FSU 10118 99 Backusella recurva FSU 10115 Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 100 99 Backusellaceae Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB4 100 Backusella circina FSU 10122 100 Backusella circina FSU 10121 Backusella circina FSU 10123 100 Backusella circina NRRL 2446 Backusella recurva NRRL 3247 87 Utharomyces epallocaulus NRRL 3168 Pilobolaceae Pilobolus umbonatus NRRL 6349 77 Rhizopus microsporus NRRL 2710 Rhizopus arrhizus CBS 112.07 100 Rhizopus stolonifer NRRL 1477 Rhizopodaceae Syzygites megalocarpus NRRL 6288 Sporodiniella umbellata NRRL 20824 100 Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-1 Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-2 92 Absidia spinosa ATCC 22755 95 Absidia psychrophilia CBS 128.68 Absidia repens NRRL 1336 77 93 Absidia glauca NRRL 2799 99 Chlamydoabsidia padenii NRRL 2977 100 Absidia macrospora CBS 696.68 100 Cunninghamellaceae Absidia californica CBS 126.68 Halteromyces radiates NRRL 6197 100 Cunninghamella echinulate NRRL 1382 Cunninghamella bainierii FSU 319 92 Gongronella butleri NRRL 1340 100 Hesseltinella vesiculosa CBS 197.68 Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp 100 Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp-2 100 Umbelopsis nana NRRL 22420 Umbelopsidaceae (Out group) Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL 1757 99 89 96 0.05 Fig. 144 Phylogenetic tree of Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 and CNUFC-SFB4, and related species based on a maximum-likelihood analysis of combined datasets for 18S, 28S rDNA, and translation elongation factor (EF-1a) sequences. The sequences of Umbelopsis nana and U. isabellina were used as outgroups. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold pyriform sporangia with deliquescent walls. A septum is always present below the sporangium. Zygospores are surrounded by appendages arising from the suspensor. Species of Absidia are frequently found in soil, dung, or various other substrates (Benny 2008; Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016b). To date, there are six species accepted in this genus. Recently, molecular data have been evaluated for Mucorales (Voigt et al. 1999; O’Donnell et al. 2001; White et al. 2006). Several studies based on multi-loci analysis (18S, 28S, EF-1a, actin, RNA polymerase II) have been conducted (Tanabe et al. 2003; Hoffmann et al. 2013; Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016b). In a previous study, two new species isolated from a soil sample from Dokdo Island and rat dung sample, Korea, were reported as Absidia koreana and A. stercoraria, respectively (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016b). 123 216 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 145 Backusella locustae (CNUFC-SFB2, holotype). a, d Colony on synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colony on potato dextrose agar. c, f Colony on malt extract agar (a–c above view, d–f reverse view) (g–q light and differential interference contrast microscopy; r– u Scanning electron microscopy). g–k Sporangiophores and multispored sporangiola. l–p Slightly or very curved sporangiophores and sporangia. q Sporangiospores. r–u Multispored sporangiola. Scale bars: g = 200 lm, h–k, o = 50 lm, l–n, p, q, r–t = 20 lm, u = 10 lm While evaluating the diversity of fungi of the order Mucorales isolated from a soil sample from Geumgol Mountain, Jin Island (Jindo), Korea, a new species was isolated and is described (Fig. 146). Absidia jindoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB 822379; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04077; Fig. 147 Etymology: Referring to its collection location, Jin Island (Jindo) from where the species was first isolated (Korea). Holotype: CNUFC-PTI1-1 Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, covering the petri dish for 5 days at 25 °C, initially white then becoming greybrown. Sporangiophores 70–215 9 2.5–5.5 lm, erect, arising from stolons, always with a septum below the sporangium, from 2 to 6 (sometimes 8) sporangiophores in whorls these branched again. Sporangia globose to pyriform, 13.5–35.5 9 12–35.5 lm, multi-spored, sometimes with a bell shaped apophysis. Columellae 10–19.5 lm diam., hemispherical, sometimes subglobose, with a collarette. One projection usually presents on upper surface of columellae, varying in shape. Sporangiospores short cylindrical with rounded ends, 3.5–5 9 2.5–3.9 lm. Chlamydospores absent. Zygospores always present, 60–83.5 9 61.5–84 lm. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Geumgol Mountain (34°320 N 126°170 E), from a rhizosphere soil of pine tree 19th April 2017 (CNUFC-PTI1-1, preserved as glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of National Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013656). Culture characteristics: The isolate was observed to grow over a wide range of temperatures with varying growth rates on SMA (synthetic mucor agar), PDA (potato dextrose agar), and MEA (malt extract agar). The average growth rates of CNUFC-PTI1-1 on SMA, PDA, and MEA were 21, 16.5, and 18 mm per 24 h, respectively at 25 °C. 217 Optimal growth was observed around 25 °C, slow growth was observed at 5 °C, and no growth at 35 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926622, MF926623, LSU: MF926616, MF926617, SSU: MF926626, MF926627, TEF: MF926513, MF926514, ACT: MF926509, MF926510. Notes: Absidia jindoensis is morphologically similar to A. spinosa, but it differs from the similar species by size of sporangiophores and the pattern of sporangiophores branching. Sporangiophores of A. jindoensis are much more branched than those of A. spinosa. In addition, columellae of A. jindoensis are smaller than those of A. spinosa. In the phylogenetic tree, based on multiple genes, the new strain formed a separate branch from other species of the genus and is considered to represent a new species. Mucoraceae Dumort., Commentationes botanicae: 69, 81 (1822) Notes: The family Mucoraceae was erected by Dumortier (1822). This is the largest family of Mucorales. In the study by Hoffmann et al. (2013), three families Chaetocladiaceae, Dicranophoraceae, and Thamnidiaceae are treated as synonyms of the Mucoraceae. Species belonging to this family have the ability to produce organic acids and enzymes. Mucor Fresen., Beiträge zur Mykologie 1: 7 (1850) Notes: Mucor is the largest genus, including more than 300 species, within the order Mucorales and includes primarily saprotrophic species. Mucor species are characterized by fast growing colonies, simple or branched sporangiophores without basal rhizoids or stolons, nonapophysate sporangia, and zygospores which are borne from opposed suspensors (Schipper and Samson 1978). Members of this genus can be easily isolated from soil, dung, water, stored grains and plant material (Benny 2008; Li et al. 2016b). Traditionally, classification of Mucor species was determined on the basis of morphological similarities such as the size and shape of sporangia (Tibpromma et al. 2017). O’Donnell et al. (2001) and White et al. (2006) confirmed that the taxa were monophyletic based on the elongation factor 1-a gene sequences, but did not reflect family relationships within Mucorales (Jacobs and Botha 2008). The elongation factor 1-a and actin genes were found to be more informative to classify them at the level of species. Recently, molecular studies have been performed to evaluate mucoralean species (Hoffmann et al. 2013; Walther et al. 2013; Ariyawansa et al. 2015). According to Walther et al. (2013), Mucor species can be divided into five groups, consisting of mucedo, flavus, hiemalis, 123 218 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-1 Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-2 89 Absidia stercoraria EML-DG8-1 85 Absidia stercoraria EML-DG8-2 100 Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-1 70 Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-2 Absidia repens NRRL1336 91 79 Absidia psychrophilia CBS 128.68 89 Absidia spinosa ATCC 22755 100 Absidia californica FSU4747 91 70 Absidia macrospora CBS 696.68 Cunninghamellaceae 93 Chlamydoabsidia padenii NRRL2977 Absidia glauca NRRL2799 Halteromyces radiatus NRRL6197 Cunninghamella elegans NRRL6436 100 Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL1382 Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL1375 100 Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp-1 100 Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp Gongronella butleri NRRL1340 Hesseltinella vesiculosa CBS 197.68 97 Lichtheimia corymbifera NRRL2982 66 Lichtheimia corymbifera CBS429.75 98 Lichtheimia hyalospora NRRL1304 99 Lichtheimiaceae Lichtheimia ramosa FSU6197 Dichotomocladium sphaerosporum FSU8697 100 68 Dichotomocladium floridanum FSU8694 Dichotomocladium elegans NRRL6236 97 Fennellomyces linderi NRRL2342i 100 Thamnostylum piriforme NRRL6240 63 Zychaea mexicana NRRL6237 Circinella umbellata NRRL1351 Umbelopsis nana NRRL22420 Umbelopsidaceae (Outgroup) Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL1757 92 99 96 100 99 100 0.02 Fig. 146 Phylogenetic tree of Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-1 and CNUFC-PTI1-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood analysis of multigenes including 18S and 28S rDNA, actin (Actin-1) and translation elongation factor (EF-1a). Sequences of Umbelopsis nana and U. isabellina were used as outgroups. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold racemosus and amphibiorum, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. To our knowledge, only two new Mucor species have been currently reported in Korea: Mucor koreanus from tangerine fruit (Li et al. 2016b) and M. stercorarius from rat faeces (Tibpromma et al. 2017). In addition, seven previously described species—M. circinelloides, M. hiemalis, M. mucedo, M. piriformis, M. racemosus, M. fragilis and M. irregularis—have been recorded in Korea (Lee et al. 2015, Nguyen et al. 2016a, b; Nguyen and Lee 2016). During a study of Mucorales in freshwater samples collected at Wonhyo Valley in Gwangju, Korea, a new Fig. 147 Absidia jindoensis (CNUFC-PTI1-1, holotype). a, c d Colonies in synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colonies in potato dextrose agar. c, f Colonies in malt extract agar (a–c: obverse view, d–f: reverse view). g, h Branched sporangiophores and secondary sporangium on sporangiophore derived from primary sporangium. i, j Sporangia. k–p Columellae with collarette and a single projection. q Sporangiospores. r–t Zygospores with appendages. Scale bars: g = 50 lm, h–t = 20 lm 123 species of Mucor was isolated and is described here (Figs. 148, 149). Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 219 123 220 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 351.50 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 255.36 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 496.66 80 Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-2 Mucor nederlandicus CBS 735.70 Mucor variosporus CBS 837.70 Mucor amphibiorum CBS 763.74 96 Mucor amphibiorum CBS 185.77 Mucor amphibiorum CNM-CM 2934 Mucor prayagensis CBS 816.70 92 90 Mucor prayagensis CBS 652.78 Mucor azygosporus CBS 292.63 99 Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 210.80 Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 528.73 Mucor falcatus CBS 252.35 100 Mucor falcatus CBS 251.35 Mucor odoratus CBS 130.41 66 100 Mucor odoratus CBS 179.76 Mucor odoratus CBS 572.70 Mucor caatinguensis URM 7322 64 Mucor indicus CBS 123974 100 Mucor indicus CBS 120585 Mucor indicus CBS 226.29 96 Mucor ucrainicus CBS 221.71 Mucor ucrainicus CBS 674.88 Mycotypha microspora CBS 230.32 0.02 Mucor Mycotypha (Outgroup) Fig. 148 Phylogenetic tree of Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 and CNUFC-MSW21-2, and related species based on a maximumlikelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. The sequence of Mycotypha microspora was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold Mucor fluvius Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB822535; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04078; Fig. 150 Etymology: fluvius. Referring to the freshwater which from the species was first isolated. Holotype: CNUFC-MSW21-1 Colonies growing fast on SMA, white to pale grey later, reaching 44–48 mm diam. at 25 °C after 3 days of incubation; greyish yellow with regularly zonate. Sporangiophores roughly 2.5–10 lm wide, appearing upright and branching. Sporangia globose to subglobose, 8–44.5 9 8–45 lm. Columellae globose to subglobose, ellipsoidal, diverse in shape, 10–31.5 9 9.5–31.5 lm. Sporangiospores subglobose, ovoid, sometime irregular, 1.5–4.5 9 2–7 lm. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam Province, Wonhyo valley located in Gwangju (35°90 1.1800 N, 126°590 24.6200 E), from freshwater sample, 3 January 2017 (CNUFC-MSW21-1, preserved as glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources [NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013663). Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide range of temperatures with varying growth rates on SMA (synthetic mucor agar), PDA (potato dextrose agar) and MEA (malt extract agar) of 16.0, 18.5 and 19 mm per 24 h, respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow growth was observed at below 10 and 30 °C, and no growth at 2 and 35 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: MF667992, LSU: MF667995, SSU: MF667998, TEF: MF667993. Notes: Mucor fluvius is similar in morphology and closely related to M. nederlandicus and M. amphibiorum, but 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 221 Mucor mucedo CBS 987.68 Mucor mucedo CBS 640.67 M. mucedo group 100 Mucor piriformis CBS 169.25 Mucor koreanus EML-QT1 93 76 Mucor aligarensis CBS 993.70 94 Mucor flavus CBS 681.73 M. flavus group Mucor flavus CBS 234.35 100 Mucor irregularis CBS 103.93 Mucor irregularis CBS 700.71 94 M. hiemalis group 96 Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis CBS 201.65 Mucor hiemalis f. corticola CBS 362.68 99 Mucor ramosissimus CBS 135.65 Mucor bainieri CBS 293.63 75 Mucor circinelloides CBS 635.65 100 Mucor circinelloides CBS 124110 M. racemosus group 97 Mucor circinelloides CBS 384.95 Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus CBS 115.08 99 90 Mucor racemosus f. racemosus CBS 260.68 Mucor plumbeus CBS 634.74 Mucor genevensis CBS 114.08 100 Mucor stercorarius CNUFC-UK2-1 83 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 255.36 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 496.66 91 Mucor nederlandicus CBS 735.70 99 Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-2 77 Mucor variosporus CBS 837.70 97 99 Mucor indicus CBS 226.29 M. amphibiorum group 75 Mucor falcatus CBS 251.35 Mucor amphibiorum CBS 763.74 Mucor ucrainicus CBS 674.88 75 Mucor azygosporus CBS 292.63 94 Mucor prayagensis CBS 652.78 Mucor prayagensis CBS 816.70 Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 210.80 Mycotypha microspora CBS 230.32 0.01 Mycotyphaceae (Outgroup) 100 75 Fig. 149 Phylogenetic tree of Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 and CNUFC-MSW21-2, and related species based on a maximumlikelihood analysis of LSU rDNA sequences. The sequence of Mycotypha microspora was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold differs by having smaller sporangia, reaching 8–44.5 9 8–45 lm. Moreover, the new species grew and sporulated at 5 °C, while M. nederlandicus and M. amphibiorum did not. In the phylogenetic tree based on the sequence analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA, the strain formed a separate branch from other species of Mucor, showing it is a new species. Notes: The order Umbelopsidales was introduced by Spatafora et al. (2016) based on phylogenetic analyses of 192 proteins from 25 zygomycete genomes (Spatafora et al. 2016). Currently, this order contains only one family, Umbelopsidaceae. Umbelopsidales Spatafora, Stajich & Bonito, Mycologia 108 (5): 1035 (2016) Umbelopsidaceae W. Gams & W. Mey., Mycological Research 107 (3): 348 (2003) Notes: The family Umbelopsidaceae was established in 2003 by W. Gams & W. Mey, and includes only one genus, 123 222 123 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 b Fig. 150 Mucor fluvius (CNUFC-MSW21-1, holotype). a, d Colony in synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colony in potato dextrose agar. c, f Colony in malt extract agar (a–c above view, d–f reverse view). g– i Short and long branched sporangiophores and sporangia. j–l Sporangiophores and sporangia. m, n Columellae with collarette. o Chlamydospores. p Sporangiospores. Scale bars g–p = 20 lm Umbelopsis (Meyer and Gams 2003). Members of the Umbelopsidaceae produce multi-spored, ochraceous to reddish sporangium, and may or may not have a columella. Sporangiospores are angular or not angular and variously shaped. Umbelopsis Amos & H.L. Barnett, Mycologia 58: 807 (1966) Notes: The genus Umbelopsis was established by Amos and Barnett (1966), comprising a single species U. versiformis. Because of its smaller columellae and the fact that zygospore formation has not been observed in any species of this genus, this species was accommodated as a separate genus. Currently, this genus consists of 14 accepted species (Yip 1986a; Meyer and Gams 2003; Mahoney et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2014). They are frequently isolated from leaf litter and soil (Yip 1986a, Wang et al. 2014). Several species were originally described in Mortierella. Other taxa were transferred to Umbelopsis from Micromucor (Yip 1986b). The taxonomy of Umbelopsis has been based upon morphological characteristics, such as the size and shape of sporangia, sporangiospores, presence of columellae and type of chlamydospores. Recently, molecular data revealed the phylogenetic position of Umbelopsis and also the relationships among its species (Voigt and Wöstemeyer 2001; Meyer and Gams 2003; Walther et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2014). During the investigation of the fungi from rhizosphere of a pine tree in Daegak Mountain located in Sinsi Island (Sinsido), Gunsan, Korea, a new species was isolated and is described (Fig. 151). Umbelopsis sinsidoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov. MycoBank number: MB 822380; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03657; Fig. 152 Etymology: sinsidoensis. Referring to the isolation location, Sinsi Island (Sinsido) from where the species was first isolated (Korea). 223 Holotype: CNUFC-GSNPF7-1 Colonies grow slowly on CMA, reaching 20–21 mm diam. at 20 °C in 7 days, initially white later becoming red dull due to abundant sporulation. Sporangiospores simple or variously branched, often swollen at the point of branching, 22–97 lm long, sometimes up to 154 lm long, 2–4.5 lm wide near the tip, 1–2 septate. Sporangia globose to subglobose, 8.5–14 9 9–14.5 lm, multi-spored, reddish brown. Columellae absent or small. Sporangiospores of diverse shape, globose, ellipsoidal, angular, 3–5 lm diam. Zygospores not observed. Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Sinsi Island (35.82°N, 126.45°E), Gunsan, from a rhizosphere soil of pine tree in forest located in Daegak Mt., 7th August 2015 (CNUFC-GSNPF7-1, preserved as glycerol stock at -80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of National Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013657). Culture characteristics: The isolate was observed to grow over a wide range of temperatures with varying growth rates on MEA (malt extract agar), CMA (corn meal agar), and PDA (potato dextrose agar). The average growth rates of CNUFC-GSNPF7-1 on MEA, CMA, and PDA were 7.5, 6, and 5 mm per 24 h, respectively. Optimal growth was observed around 25 °C, slow growth was observed at 10 °C, and restricted growth at 37 °C. GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926618, MF926619, LSU: MF926612, MF926613, SSU: MF926624, MF926625, TEF: MF926515, MF926516, ACT: MF926511, MF926512. Notes: Umbelopsis sinsidoensis is distinct from U. fusiformis by its sporangial shape and size and branching of the sporangiophores. The sporangial shape of U. fusiformis is fusiform, but globose to subglobose in U. sinsidoensis. Sporangiophores of U. sinsidoensis are shorter than those of U. fusiformis (470–660 lm long). Additionally, sporangiospores of U. sinsidoensis are diverse in shape, globose, ellipsoidal, angular, while in U. fusiformis they are subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal. In the phylogenetic tree based on multiple genes, the strain formed a branch separate from other species of Umbelopsis and is considered to represent a new species. 123 224 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 81 Umbelopsis angularis CBS 603.68 96 Umbelopsis angularis CGMCC 3.6640 94 Umbelopsis ramanniana Um 078 Umbelopsis gibberispora CBS 109328 87 Umbelopsis ramanniana IMI150942 76 Umbelopsis ramanniana NRRL 1296 100 98 Umbelopsis westeae CBS 87085 Umbelopsis swartii CBS 86885 100 99 Umbelopsis sinsidoensis CNUFC-GSNPF7-2 Umbelopsis sinsidoensis CNUFC-GSNPF7-1 Umbelopsis fusiformis CBS 38585 78 Umbelopsis 100 Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL 22420 Umbelopsis ovata CBS 499.82 Umbelopsis autotrophica CBS 310.93 81 100 79 99 x4 Umbelopsis isabellina CBS 208.32 Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16352 Umbelopsis vinacea CBS 212.32 Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16349 Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16357 100 Umbelopsis changbaiensi CGMCC 3.16345 Umbelopsis changbaiensi CGMCC 3.16346 79 Umbelopsis nana CBS 730.70 67 Umbelopsis dimorpha CGMCC 3.6641 90 Umbelopsis dimorpha CBS 110039 Umbelopsis versiformis CBS 473.74 Umbelopsis versiformis CBS 150.81 0.2 x4 Fig. 151 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on ITS, LSU and ACT sequence data of Umbelopsis. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Twenty-seven strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 2331 characters with gaps. Mortierella verticillata is used as the outgroup taxon. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 12051.097367 123 Mortierella verticillata CBS 220.58 Mortierella (Outgroup) is presented. The matrix had 703 distinct alignment patterns, with 8.99% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.259392, C = 0.220941, G = 0.221238, T = 0.298429; substitution rates AC = 1.034321, AG = 2.765829, AT = 1.267417, CG = 0.531859, CT = 4.848463, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.313517. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 60% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Fig. 152 Umbelopsis sinsidoensis (CNUFC-GSNPF7-1, holotype). a, d Colonies in potato dextrose agar. b, e Colonies in corn meal agar. c, f Colonies in malt extract agar (a–c: obverse view, d–f: reverse 225 view). g–i Sporangia and short sporangiophores. j, k Sporangia on long sporangiophores. l–n Different types of branched sporangiophores. o Sporangiospores. Scale bars = 20 lm 123 226 Acknowledgements The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089. We thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Sornram Sukpisit and Wilawan Punyaboon for their invaluable assistance. Dhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities for molecular work. We are also grateful to Anuruddha Karunarathna, Binu Samarakoon and Digvijayini Bundhun for their valuable assistance. Dhanushka Wanasinghe is also thankful to Hiran Ariyawansa for his valuable suggestions. Hyang Burm Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea, and the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR, and the Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment (MOE), and the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (PJ012957), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Chayanard Phukhamsakda would like to thank Royal Golden Jubilee Ph. D. Program under Thailand Research Fund, for the award of a scholarship no. PHD/0020/2557. Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) PHD57I0012. R. Jeewon is grateful to University of Mauritius & Mae Fah Luang University for enabling research collaboration. K.D. Hyde thanks to National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University) for grants ‘‘Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae’’ (Grant No: 592010200112) and Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Grant No RSA5980068 entitled ‘‘Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans’’. National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University) grant no 60201000201 entitled ‘‘Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice’’. K.D. Hyde is an Adjunct Professor at Chiang Mai University. Samantha C. Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project (number 179122) and National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project code 31750110478. Kevin D. Hyde also thanks to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Y.S. Gafforov acknowledges the support from Committee for coordination science and technology development under the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan (Project No. P3-2014-0830174425). Timur Bulgakov appreciates the Alexander Fateryga and T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station (Karadag State Reserve) for the help in expeditions in Crimean Peninsula. Jianchu Xu thanks Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDYSSW-SMC014), Key Research Program of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology (Grant No. 2017YFC0505101), CGIAR Research Program 6: Forest, Trees and Agroforestry, the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, under the 12th 5-year National Key Technology Support Program (NKTSP) 2013BAB07B06 integration and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green Phosphate-mountain construction. Peter E. Mortimer thanks the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Project Codes 41761144055 and 41771063. S. Tibell would like to acknowledge support from the grant ‘dha 2016-26 4.3’ from ‘The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative’. 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Fungal Divers 53:1–221 Zhao X, Zhang LL, Zhao ZT, Wang WC, Leavitt SD, Lumbsch HT (2015) A molecular phylogeny of the lichen genus Lecidella focusing on species from mainland China. PLoS ONE 10:e0139405 Zhaxybayeva O, Gogarten JP (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. BMC genomics 3:4 123 236 Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236 Affiliations Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe1,2,3,4 • Chayanard Phukhamsakda2,4 • Kevin D. Hyde1,2,3,4 • Rajesh Jeewon5 • Hyang Burm Lee6 • E. B. Gareth Jones7 • Saowaluck Tibpromma1,2,3,4 • Danushka S. Tennakoon1,2,3,4,17 • Asha J. Dissanayake2,8 • Subashini C. Jayasiri2,4 • Yusufjon Gafforov9,18 • Erio Camporesi10,11,12 • Timur S. Bulgakov13 • Anusha H. Ekanayake1,2,3,4 • Rekhani Hansika Perera2,4 • Milan C. Samarakoon2,4,14 Ishani D. Goonasekara1,2,3,4 • Ausana Mapook1,2,3,4 • Wen-Jing Li1,2,3,4 • Indunil C. Senanayake2,4 • Junfu Li1,2,3,4 • Chada Norphanphoun2,4,15 • Mingkwan Doilom1,2,3,4 • Ali H Bahkali16 • Jianchu Xu1,3 • Peter E. Mortimer1 • Leif Tibell19 • Sanja Tibell19 • Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3 1 2 3 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China • 10 A.M.B. Gruppo, Micologico Forlivese ‘‘Antonio Cicognani’’, Via Roma 18, Forlı̀, Italy 11 A.M.B, Circolo Micologico ‘‘Giovanni Carini’’, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy 12 Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144 Bagnacavallo, RA, Italy 13 Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi, Krasnodar Region, Russia 354002 4 Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand 14 5 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 15 6 Environmental Microbiology Lab, Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea Engineering Research Center of Southwest BioPharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China 16 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia 17 Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan 18 Department of Ecology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-PlettStrasse, 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 19 Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 7 Nantgaredig, 33 B St. Edwards Road Southsea Hants, Hampshire PO5 3DH, UK 8 Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China 9 Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125 123

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