Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7
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Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic
contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe1,2,3,4 • Chayanard Phukhamsakda2,4 • Kevin D. Hyde1,2,3,4 • Rajesh Jeewon5 •
Hyang Burm Lee6 • E. B. Gareth Jones7 • Saowaluck Tibpromma1,2,3,4 • Danushka S. Tennakoon1,2,3,4,17 •
Asha J. Dissanayake2,8 • Subashini C. Jayasiri2,4 • Yusufjon Gafforov9,18 • Erio Camporesi10,11,12 •
Timur S. Bulgakov13 • Anusha H. Ekanayake1,2,3,4 • Rekhani Hansika Perera2,4 • Milan C. Samarakoon2,4,14
Ishani D. Goonasekara1,2,3,4 • Ausana Mapook1,2,3,4 • Wen-Jing Li1,2,3,4 • Indunil C. Senanayake2,4 •
Junfu Li1,2,3,4 • Chada Norphanphoun2,4,15 • Mingkwan Doilom1,2,3,4 • Ali H Bahkali16 • Jianchu Xu1,3 •
Peter E. Mortimer1 • Leif Tibell19 • Sanja Tibell19 • Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3
•
Received: 2 December 2017 / Accepted: 27 January 2018 / Published online: 13 March 2018
Ó School of Science 2018
Abstract
This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly
described from Rosa (Rosaceae) and a few other hosts. Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study, including 17
new genera, 93 new species, four combinations, a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.
Bhatiellae, Cycasicola, Dactylidina, Embarria, Hawksworthiana, Italica, Melanocucurbitaria, Melanodiplodia, Monoseptella, Uzbekistanica, Neoconiothyrium, Neopaucispora, Pararoussoella, Paraxylaria, Marjia, Sporormurispora and
Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera. We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis,
Alternaria doliconidium, A. hampshirensis, Angustimassarina rosarum, Astragalicola vasilyevae, Backusella locustae,
Bartalinia rosicola, Bhatiellae rosae, Broomella rosae, Castanediella camelliae, Coelodictyosporium rosarum, Comoclathris rosae, C. rosarum, Comoclathris rosigena, Coniochaeta baysunika, C. rosae, Cycasicola goaensis, Dactylidina
shoemakeri, Dematiopleospora donetzica, D. rosicola, D. salsolae, Diaporthe rosae, D. rosicola, Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae, Epicoccum rosae, Hawksworthiana clematidicola, H. lonicerae, Italica achilleae, Keissleriella phragmiticola,
K. rosacearum, K. rosae, K. rosarum, Lophiostoma rosae, Marjia tianschanica, M. uzbekistanica, Melanocucurbitaria
uzbekistanica, Melanodiplodia tianschanica, Monoseptella rosae, Mucor fluvius, Muriformistrickeria rosae, Murilentithecium rosae, Neoascochyta rosicola, Neoconiothyrium rosae, Neopaucispora rosaecae, Neosetophoma rosarum,
N. rosae, N. rosigena, Neostagonospora artemisiae, Ophiobolus artemisiicola, Paraconiothyrium rosae, Paraphaeosphaeria rosae, P. rosicola, Pararoussoella rosarum, Parathyridaria rosae, Paraxylaria rosacearum, Penicillium
acidum, P. aquaticum, Phragmocamarosporium rosae, Pleospora rosae, P. rosae-caninae, Poaceicola agrostina,
P. arundinicola, P. rosae, Populocrescentia ammophilae, P. rosae, Pseudocamarosporium pteleae, P. ulmi-minoris,
Pseudocercospora rosae, Pseudopithomyces rosae, Pseudostrickeria rosae, Sclerostagonospora lathyri, S. rosae, S. rosicola, Seimatosporium rosigenum, S. rosicola, Seiridium rosarum, Setoseptoria arundelensis, S. englandensis, S. lulworthcovensis, Sigarispora agrostidis, S. caryophyllacearum, S. junci, S. medicaginicola, S. rosicola, S. scrophulariae,
S. thymi, Sporormurispora atraphaxidis, S. pruni, Suttonomyces rosae, Umbelopsis sinsidoensis, Uzbekistanica rosaehissaricae, U. yakutkhanika, Wojnowicia rosicola, Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. New host records are provided for
Amandinea punctata, Angustimassarina quercicola, Diaporthe rhusicola, D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. rudis, Diplodia
seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lecidella elaeochroma, Muriformistrickeria rubi, Neofusicoccum
australe, Paraphaeosphaeria michotii, Pleurophoma pleurospora, Sigarispora caulium and Teichospora rubriostiolata.
The new combinations are Dactylidina dactylidis (=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis), Embarria clematidis (=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis), Hawksworthiana alliariae (=Dematiopleospora alliariae) and Italica luzulae
& Samantha C. Karunarathna
samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
123
2
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
(=Dematiopleospora luzulae). This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on Rosa species and
especially those on Rosa spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera, 45 new species, and nine new host
records. We also collected taxa from Rosa stems and there was 31% (20/65) overlap with taxa found on stems with that on
spines. Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the
same host and location, it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of Rosa differ from those on stems. The study
however, does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity. This may be because of their
hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation. All data presented
herein are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate
taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
Keywords Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Eurotiomycetes Italy Lecanoromycetes Mucoromycetes
Phylogeny Rosa Rosaceae Russia Sordariomycetes Taxonomy UK Uzbekistan
Table of contents
Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker, Quarterly Review of Biology
34: 220 (1959)
Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 5
(1997)
Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David &
Stalpers ex C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker,
Mycologia 98 (6): 1045 (2007)
Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker,
Mycologia 98 (6): 1050 (2007)
Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 16 (1918)
709. Diplodia seriata De Not., Memorie della Reale
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino Ser. 2, 7: 26 (1845)
new host record
710. Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A.
Alves, Mycologia 97 (2): 524 (2005) new host record
711. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.,
Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 25: 57
(1909) new host record
712. Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J.
Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies in
Mycology 55: 248 (2006) new host record
714. Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 17 (2018)
sp. nov.
Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous &
Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1048 (2007)
Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodromus to class
Loculoascomycetes: 67 (1987)
Amorosiaceae Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity
74: 252 (2015)
715. Angustimassarina quercicola Thambugala, Jayasiri,
R.K.Schumach. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity
74:199–266 (2015) new host record
716. Angustimassarina rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 21 (2018) sp. nov.
Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s KryptogamenFlora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 308 (1885)
717. Astragalicola vasilyevae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 25 (2018) sp. nov.
Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycological Research 113 (4): 516 (2009)
718. Epicoccum rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 29 (2018) sp. nov.
719. Neoascochyta rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 29 (2018) sp. nov.
Capnodiales Woron., Annales Mycologici 23: 177 (1925)
Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau, Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 421
(1897)
713. Pseudocercospora rosae J.F. Li, A. Mapook & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 15 (2018) sp. nov.
Dothideales Lindau, Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: 373 (1897)
Dothideaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de
Paris 1: 446 (1826)
123
Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 15 (2):
128 (1953)
720. Paraconiothyrium rosae Senan., Wanas., Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 31 (2018) sp. nov.
721. Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss.,
Arkiv før Botanik 6 (4–5): 405 (1967) new host record
722. Paraphaeosphaeria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 33 (2018) sp. nov.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
723. Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 33 (2018) sp. nov.
724. Pseudocamarosporium pteleae Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 35 (2018)
sp. nov.
725. Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 40
(2018) sp. nov.
726. Pseudopithomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 43 (2018) sp. nov.
Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous
& K.D. Hyde, Studies in Mycology 64: 93 (2009)
727. Keissleriella rosacearum Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 51 (2018) sp. nov.
728. Keissleriella rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 46 (2018) sp. nov.
729. Keissleriella rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 48 (2018) sp. nov.
730. Keissleriella phragmiticola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 43 (2018) sp. nov.
731. Murilentithecium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 51 (2018) sp. nov.
732. Phragmocamarosporium rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 53 (2018) sp. nov.
733. Pleurophoma pleurospora (Sacc.) Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 123: 117 (1914) new host
record
734. Setoseptoria arundelensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 56 (2018) sp. nov.
735. Setoseptoria englandensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 57 (2018) sp. nov.
736. Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 57 (2018) sp. nov.
Lophiostomataceae Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 672
(1883)
737. Coelodictyosporium rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 59 (2018) sp. nov.
738. Lophiostoma rosae Tennakoon, Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 62 (2018) sp. nov.
739. Neopaucispora Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 65 (2018) gen. nov.
740. Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 65 (2018) sp. nov.
741. Sigarispora caryophyllacearum Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 67 (2018)
sp. nov.
742. Sigarispora caulium (Fr.) Thambug., Wanas., Kaz.
Tanaka & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 238 (2015) new
host record
3
743. Sigarispora junci Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 69 (2018) sp. nov.
744. Sigarispora medicaginicola Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 69 (2018)
sp. nov.
745. Sigarispora rosicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 74 (2018) sp. nov.
746. Sigarispora scrophulariae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 79 (2018) sp.
nov.
747. Sigarispora thymi Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 80 (2018) sp. nov.
Massarinaceae Munk, Friesia 5 (3–5): 305 (1956)
748. Suttonomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 82 (2018) sp. nov.
Melanommataceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 220 (1885)
749. Marjia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 85 (2018) gen. nov.
750. Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 85 (2018) sp. nov.
751. Marjia uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 85 (2018) sp. nov.
752. Melanocucurbitaria Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 87 (2018) gen. nov.
753. Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 87 (2018) sp. nov.
754. Melanodiplodia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 92 (2018) gen. nov.
755. Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 92 (2018) sp. nov.
756. Monoseptella Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 94 (2018) gen. nov.
757. Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 94 (2017) sp. nov.
758. Muriformistrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 98 (2018)
sp. nov.
759. Muriformistrickeria rubi Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 300 (2015) new host
record
760. Pseudostrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 99 (2018) sp.
nov.
761. Uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 100 (2018) gen. nov.
762. Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 100 (2018) sp. nov.
763. Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 102 (2018) sp. nov.
123
4
Paradictyoarthriniaceae Doilom, J.K. Liu & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 133 (2015)
764. Xenomassariosphaeria Jayasiri, Wanas. & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 103 (2018) gen. nov.
765. Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 104 (2018) sp. nov.
Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr, Mycologia 71: 948 (1979)
766. Bhatiellae Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 107 (2018) gen. nov.
767. Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 107 (2018) sp. nov.
768. Dactylidina Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 107 (2018) gen. nov.
769. Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 109 (2018) comb. nov.
770. Dactylidina shoemakeri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 109 (2018) sp.
nov.
771. Dematiopleospora donetzica Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 114
(2018) sp. nov.
772. Dematiopleospora rosicola Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 115
(2018) sp. nov.
773. Dematiopleospora salsolae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 115 (2018) sp. nov.
774. Embarria Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 119 (2018) gen. nov.
775. Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 119 (2018) comb. nov.
776. Hawksworthiana Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 121 (2018) gen. nov.
777. Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89:
121 (2018) comb. nov.
778. Hawksworthiana clematidicola Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 121
(2018) sp. nov.
779. Hawksworthiana lonicerae Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 123
(2018) sp. nov.
780. Italica Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 123 (2018) gen. nov.
781. Italica achilleae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 125 (2018) sp. nov.
782. Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89:
126 (2018) comb. nov.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
783. Neosetophoma rosarum R.H. Perera, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 126 (2018) sp.
nov.
784. Neosetophoma rosigena Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 129 (2018) sp. nov.
785. Neosetophoma rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 126 (2018) sp. nov.
786. Neostagonospora artemisiae Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 130
(2018) sp. nov.
787. Ophiobolus artemisiicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 132 (2018) sp.
nov.
788. Poaceicola arundinis W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat
& K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6 (6): 698 (2015) sexual
record.
789. Poaceicola arundinicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 135 (2018) sp.
nov.
790. Poaceicola agrostina Mapook, Camporesi& K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 132 (2018) sp. nov.
791. Poaceicola rosae Mapook, Camporesi& K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 136 (2018) sp. nov.
792. Populocrescentia ammophilae Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 139
(2018) sp. nov.
793. Populocrescentia rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 138 (2018) sp. nov.
794. Sclerostagonospora rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 143 (2018) sp. nov.
795. Sclerostagonospora lathyri Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 141
(2018) sp. nov.
796. Sclerostagonospora rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 141 (2018) sp. nov.
797. Wojnowicia rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 144 (2018) sp. nov.
Pleosporaceae Nitschke, Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss.
Rheinl.: 74 (1869)
798. Alternaria doliconidium J.F. Li, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 147 (2018) sp. nov.
799. Alternaria hampshirensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 147 (2018) sp. nov.
800. Comoclathris rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 149 (2018) sp. nov.
801. Comoclathris rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp.
nov.
802. Comoclathris rosigena Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp.
nov.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
5
803. Pleospora rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 153 (2018) sp. nov.
804. Pleospora rosae-caninae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) sp.
nov.
Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon &
J.C. David ex Lutzoni Huhndorf & Lumbsch, Mycological
Research 111 (5): 529 (2007)
Caliciales Bessey, University of Nebraska Studies 7: 299
(1907)
Sporormiaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 17 (1): 450
(1957)
805. Sporormurispora Wanas., Bulgakov, Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) gen. nov.
806. Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 157 (2018) sp. nov.
807. Sporormurispora pruni Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 159 (2018) sp. nov.
Caliciaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris
1: 314 (1826)
818. Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid
new host record
Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 82: 374 (2002)
808. Teichospora rubriostiolata Jaklitsch & Voglmayr,
Mycological Progress 15: 13 (2016) new host record
Thyridariaceae Q. Tian & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 63
(1): 254 (2013)
809. Cycasicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 161 (2018) gen. nov.
810. Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) sp. nov.
811. Neoconiothyrium Wanas., Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) gen. nov.
812. Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 165 (2018) sp. nov.
813. Parathyridaria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 168 (2018) sp. nov.
814. Pararoussoella Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 169 (2018) gen. nov.
815. Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 171 (2018) sp. nov.
Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 6
(1997)
Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni, Mycological
Research 111 (5): 528 (2007)
Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon
12 (1): 23 (1980)
Trichocomaceae E. Fisch., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 310
(1897)
816. Penicillium aquaticum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, &
T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 173 (2018) sp. nov.
817. Penicillium acidum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, &
T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 173 (2018) sp. nov.
Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 7
(1997)
Lecanorales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 68 (1932)
Lecanoraceae Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 104
(1855)
819. Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy new host
record
Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10
(1997)
Subclass Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka,
Myconet 1: 10 (1997)
Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 53 (1932)
Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm., American Journal of
Botany 13: 638 (1926)
820. Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomycetes Germanici
2: 245 (1870) new host record
821. Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl., in
Udayanga, Castlebury, Rossman & Hyde, Persoonia 32: 95
(2014) new host record
822. Diaporthe rhusicola Crous, Persoonia 26: 135 (2011)
new host record
823. Diaporthe rosae Samarakoon & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 89: 185 (2018) sp. nov.
824. Diaporthe rosicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 187 (2018) sp. nov.
825. Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, (Fr.) Nitschke,
Pyrenomyc. Germ. 2: 282 (1870) new host record
Subclass Xylariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 12 (1997)
Amphisphaeriales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Systema
Ascomycetum 5: 177 (1986)
Sporocadaceae Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 5: 34 (1842)
826. Bartalinia rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 189 (2018) sp. nov.
123
6
827. Broomella rosae Wanas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 89: 191 (2018) sp. nov.
828. Seiridium rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 199 (2018) sp. nov.
829. Seimatosporium rosicola Wanas., Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 193 (2018) sp.
nov.
830. Seimatosporium rosigenum Goonas., Camporesi, &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 193 (2018) sp. nov.
Xylariales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 66 (1932)
Coniocessiaceae Asgari & Zare, Mycological Progress 10
(2): 195 (2011)
831. Paraxylaria Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 200 (2018) gen. nov.
832. Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 202 (2018) sp.
nov.
Xylariales incertae sedis
833. Castanediella camelliae Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T.
Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 205 (2018) sp. nov.
Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis
Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. Fernández,
Mycologia 96 (2): 378 (2004)
Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain, Canadian Journal of
Botany 49 (6): 878 (1971)
834. Coniochaeta baysunika Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 89: 209 (2018) sp.
nov.
835. Coniochaeta rosae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal diversity 89: 209 (2018) sp. nov.
Zygomycota Moreau, Encyclopédie Mycologique 23:
2035 (1954)
Mucoromycotina Benny, Mycological Research 111 (5):
517 (2006)
Mucoromycetes Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum,
Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVII (2001)
Mucorales Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 296 (1832)
Backusellaceae
836. Backusella locustae Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee, &
T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 213 (2018) sp. nov.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj., Aliso 4: 415
(1959)
837. Absidia jindoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen,
Fungal Diversity 89: 217 (2018) sp. nov.
Mucoraceae Dumort., Commentationes botanicae: 69, 81
(1822)
838. Mucor fluvius Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee & T.T.T.
Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 220 (2018) sp. nov.
Umbelopsidales Spatafora, Stajich & Bonito, Mycologia
108 (5): 1035 (2016)
Umbelopsidaceae W. Gams & W. Mey., Mycological
Research 107 (3): 348 (2003)
839. Umbelopsis sinsidoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T.
Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 89: 223 (2018) sp. nov.
Introduction
The generation of reference multi-loci phylogenies is
needed to better facilitate fungal taxonomy, especially
when describing novel taxa (e.g. Maharachchikumbura
et al. 2012; Senanayake et al. 2015; Thambugala et al.
2017a; b; Dai et al. 2017; Konta et al. 2016; 2017; Li et al.
2015a; Dissanayake et al. 2017b; Norphanphoun et al.
2017). Over the last 10 years, our group have published
many taxonomic studies with international experts to provide reliable data on fungal diversity estimates. All
mycological studies emanating from this SE Asian region
have so far largely been based upon polyphasic taxonomic
approaches that incorporate available phenotypic and
phylogenetic data into a consensus type of classification
(e.g. Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012; Dissanayake et al.
2017b; Wanasinghe et al. 2017a). One of the major challenges encountered by mycologists is to provide a robust
and updated fungal classification that facilitates taxonomic
communication, as well as to assist in the identification of
fungal taxa. To surmount this challenge, FDN-1, describing
110 fungal taxa, including one new family, ten new genera,
and 76 new species (Liu et al. 2015) was published. Subsequently there have been more compilations where
updated taxonomic amendments were proposed for a wide
range of species classified within the Ascomycota and
Basidiomycota (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Hyde et al. 2016;
2017; Li et al. 2016b; Tibpromma et al. 2017). This paper
is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity notes series, where
131 (93 sp. nov.) taxa accommodated in 28 families are
described from mainly Rosaceae as well as other hosts. All
data presented herein are based on morphological
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic
sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate
taxonomic ranks.
Rosaceae is one of the largest families of Angiosperms
(flowering plants), which diverged about 101.6 MYA and
currently includes more than 100 genera and about 3100
species (Hummer and Janick 2009; Phipps 2014; Xiang
et al. 2016). The family distribution is diversified, but
concentrated particularly in the Northern hemisphere and it
is the third largest plant family in both world distribution
and economic importance. The herbaceous species grow in
temperate forests as understory plants, in salt or freshwater
marshes, in arctic tundra, in old fields, and along roadsides.
Woody members are prominent in the early stages of forest
succession as pioneer species and rosaceous trees may also
be minor components of mature mixed deciduous forests
(Hummer and Janick 2009). Species of the Rosaceae
include several economically and agriculturally popular
fruit bearing important plants such as Cydonia (European
quince), Fragaria (Strawberry), Malus (Apple), Prunus
(Almond, Apricot, Cherry, Peach, Plum and others), Pyrus
(Pear), Rubus (Blackberry) and they are also planted as
ornamentals (e.g. Alchemilla, Amelanchier, Chaenomales,
Cotoneaster, Exochorda, Kerria, Photinia, Physocarpus,
Pyracantha, Spirea, Sorbus, Sorbaria), as medicinal
(Crataegus, Potentilla, Sanguisorba) or used as timber
(e.g. Prunus, Black cherry) (Hummer and Janick 2009).
Rose species yield fruits and flowers that are of immense
economic importance. The fruits, roses, cut roses and other
products derived from the rose family support a wide
variety of industries and farms. Among these various
genera of Rosaceae, Rosa (subfamily Rosoideae), commonly known as roses, is an agriculturally significant
genus, especially in ornamental horticulture, as well as
medicinal herbs and perfume uses. Wild and ornamental
rose species are distributed in both colder and temperate
regions of the Northern hemisphere and from the Artic to
the subtropics with about 200 species (Bruneau et al. 2007;
Fougere-Danezan et al. 2015).
There have been several studies where saprobes (Cannon 1996; Feige et al. 2001; Dissanayake et al. 2017b;
Wanasinghe et al. 2017b), endophytes (Salgado-Salazar
et al. 2008; Rovná et al. 2015), mycorrhizae (Bzdyk et al.
2016; El-Bashiti et al. 2017) or pathogens (Yan et al. 2015;
Deng et al. 2017; Santos et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017),
have been recorded or characterized from members of the
Rosaceae. To date, there are more than 4000 records
[* 1400 of Ascomycota and * 1300 of Basidiomycota
(especially rust fungi)] of fungi on Rosa species documented in the U.S. National Fungus Collections Fungus-
7
Host Database (October, 2017), but very few of these taxa
are presently known from cultures. Most of these published
records lack illustrations and descriptions, or DNA
sequence data and thus it is very difficult to confirm their
names or investigate taxonomic relationships (Menon
1956; Mir et al. 2012; Debener and Byrne 2014; El-Bashiti
et al. 2017).
As many previous taxonomic studies have reported that
more collections lead to discovery of more fungal species,
we believe that Rosa might harbour many more fungal
species, especially some taxa unknown to science (Afshan
and Khalid 2014; Yang et al. 2015; Ali et al. 2017; Dissanayake et al. 2017a; Wanasinghe et al. 2017a). It is
therefore necessary to collect more fungi from Rosa in
different geographic regions, isolate them into culture,
describe their morphology, analyse their DNA sequence
and investigate their phylogenetic relationships to better
identify and classify them. This study aims at providing a
compilation of recently collected fungal taxa from Rosaceae in Europe and Asia based on morphological and
phylogenetic characterisation.
Materials and methods
Specimens and isolates
Fresh specimens, as necrotrophs, pathogens or saprobes
were collected from China, England, India, Italy, Russia,
Sweden and Wales, especially from wild and ornamental
Rose species and various other host plants. Uzbekistan
specimens were loaned from Tashkent Mycological Herbarium (TASM), Tashkent. The specimens were examined
following the methods described in Wanasinghe et al.
(2017a). Axenic strains were established from single spores
by the method described in Chomnunti et al. (2014), with a
modification of the incubation temperature at 16–25 °C
overnight in the dark. Germinated ascospores and conidia
were observed with a Motic SMZ 168 Stereo Zoom
microscope and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA;
39 g/l distilled water, Difco potato dextrose) for extraction
of DNA, determination of growth rates and observation of
culture characteristics. Isolates listed as MFLUCC are
those maintained in the collection of the Culture Collection
of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Specimens have been deposited in the Mae Fah Luang
University (MFLU) Herbarium, Chiang Rai, Thailand and
Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena
and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and
Infection Biology, Jena, Germany). Faces of Fungi and
123
8
Index Fungorum numbers are provided as outlined in
Jayasiri et al. (2015) and Index Fungorum (2017).
Morphological classification
Digital images of the fruiting structures were captured with
a Canon 450D digital camera fitted to a Nikon ECLIPSE
80i compound microscope. Squash mount preparations
were prepared to determine micro-morphology, and free
hand sections of fruiting bodies made to observe the shapes
of ascomata/conidiomata and peridium structures. Measurements of morphological structures were taken from the
widest part of each structure. The lengths and widths were
measured using Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program
and images used for figures were processed with Adobe
Photoshop CS3 Extended version 10.0 (Adobe Systems,
USA). Three sets of duplicate cultures of each isolate were
measured to determine colony characters on PDA at 16 °C
in the dark. Colony size and colour was determined from
Rayner (1970) and zonations of the mycelium were
recorded after 3 weeks of incubation. New species establishment follows recommendations as outlined by Jeewon
and Hyde (2016).
DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing
The DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing were conducted
following the methods described in Wanasinghe et al.
(2017a). When fungi failed to grow in culture, DNA was
extracted directly from ascomycete fruiting bodies by following the protocol: 15–20 fruiting bodies ([ 500 lm
diam., 10 fruitbodies) were removed from the host substrate using a sterilized needle and transferred to a drop of
sterile water, placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube (1.5 mL)
under aseptic conditions. DNA extracted then from the
fruiting bodies using a DNA extraction kit (E.Z.N.A.Ò
Forensic DNA kit, D3591-01, Omega Bio-Tek) following
the instructions of the manufacturer.
Phylogenetic analyses
Sequences generated from different primers were analyzed
with other sequences retrieved from GenBank. The related
sequences were obtained from a BLAST search and from
recently published data. The sequences were aligned in
MAFFT v. 7 at the web server (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/align
ment/server) (Kuraku et al. 2013; Katoh et al. 2017). The
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
alignment was edited where necessary with BioEdit v7.0.9
(Hall 1999).
Phylogenetic analyses of both individual and combined
aligned data were based on Maximum Likelihood (ML),
Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses. MP
bootstrap analyses was performed with PAUP, with 1000
bootstrap replicates using 10 rounds of heuristic search
replicates with random addition of sequences and subsequent TBR branch swapping (MULTREES option in
effect, steepest descent option not in effect) during each
bootstrap replicate, with each replicate limited to 1 million
rearrangements. All characters were unordered and given
equal weight; gaps were treated as missing data; the
COLLAPSE command was set to minbrlen. Descriptive
tree statistics for parsimony: Tree Length (TL), Consistency Index (CI), Retention Index (RI), Relative Consistency Index (RC) and Homoplasy Index (HI) were
calculated for trees generated under different optimality
criteria. The Kishino–Hasegawa tests (Kishino and Hasegawa 1989) were performed to determine whether trees
were significantly different. The evolutionary models for
Bayesian analysis and ML were selected independently for
each locus using MrModeltest v. 2.3 (Nylander et al. 2008)
under the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) implemented in PAUP v. 4.0b10. Bayesian analysis was performed in MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck
2003) to evaluate Posterior probabilities (PP) (Rannala and
Yang 1996; Zhaxybayeva and Gogarten 2002) by Markov
Chain Monte Carlo sampling (BMCMC). Six simultaneous
Markov chains were run for at least 1,000,000 generations
and trees were sampled every 100th generation. The distribution of log-likelihood scores was examined to determine the stationary phase for each search and to decide if
extra runs were required to achieve convergence, using the
program Tracer 1.5 (Rambaut and Drummond 2003). All
sampled topologies beneath the asymptote (10%) were
discarded as part of a burn-in procedure; the remaining
trees were used for calculating posterior probabilities (PP)
in the majority rule consensus tree. ML trees were generated using the RAxML-HPC2 on XSEDE (8.2.8) (Stamatakis 2006, 2014) in the CIPRES Science Gateway
platform (Miller et al. 2010) using GTR ? I ? G model of
evolution. The results of each phylogenetic analysis were
given in their figure legend. Phylograms were visualized
with FigTree v1.4.0 (Rambaut 2014) and annotated in
Microsoft PowerPoint (2007) or Adobe IllustratorÒ CS5
(Version 15.0.0, AdobeÒ, San Jose, CA).
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
GenBank accession numbers for sequenced genes are
given after material examined.
Taxonomy
Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker, Quarterly Review of Biology
34: 220 (1959)
Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 5
(1997)
Notes: Liu et al. (2017) provided an updated multi-locus
phylogeny of the class Dothideomycetes with molecular
dating evidence to unravel the evolutionary relationships
and strengthen the ranking among taxa. In this paper, we
follow the classifications in the studies of Hyde et al.
(2013), Wijayawardene et al. (2014a) and Liu et al. (2017).
The subclasses of Dothideomycetes and their families in
each order are listed in alphabetical order.
Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David &
Stalpers, Dictionary of the fungi: 165 (2001)
Notes: The subclass Dothideomycetidae was introduced
by Kirk et al. (2001) and later validated by Schoch et al.
(2006). Currently the subclass comprises the order Capnodiales, Dothideales and Myriangiales are lack pseudoparaphyses and periphyses (Hyde et al. 2013).
Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker,
Mycologia 98 (6): 1050 (2007)
Notes: The order Botryosphaeriales comprises seven
families: Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae, Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae (Dissanayake et al.
2016; 2017a).
Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 16 (1918)
Notes: The family Botryosphaeriaceae comprises
endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Currently, this
family comprises 23 genera and 187 species (Dissanayake
et al. 2016).
Diplodia Fr., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 1:
302 (1834)
Notes: The genus Diplodia comprises 26 species (Dissanayake et al. 2016). There are two distinct conidial
morphologies in the genus Diplodia. In one type the
conidia are initially hyaline and aseptate. Later they
9
become pale to dark brown and 1-septate. In the other type,
the conidia become pigmented at an early stage of development, even while they are still enclosed within the
pycnidia. These conidia only rarely become septate. These
two morphological groups supported by two distinct phylogenetic lineages (Fig. 1).
Diplodia seriata De Not., Memorie della Reale Accademia
delle Scienze di Torino Ser. 2, 7: 26 (1845)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03596; Fig. 2.
Pathogenic or Saprobic on dead branch of Rosa canina
L. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 220–265 lm high 9 260–380 lm diam. (
x = 245
9 340 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, solitary or clustered, immersed in the host, erumpent at maturity, dark
brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 25–35 lm
wide, outer and inner layers composed of dark brown and
thin-walled hyaline textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells
10–22 lm high 9 4–6 lm wide, hyaline, thin-walled,
smooth, cylindrical, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia 21–27 9 11–
16 lm (
x = 24 9 13 lm, n = 50), globose to subglobose,
with rounded apex, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown,
wall moderately thick.
Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on WA
within 12 h and germ tubes produced from both ends.
Colonies growing on PDA, covering the entire plate in
5 days at 28 °C, mycelium grey to olivaceous black at the
surface and olivaceous black from below.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
[FC], Passo del Barbotto, Mercato Saraceno, on dead aerial
branch and spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 29
November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2254 (MFLU
15-1311), living culture MFLUCC 17-0954.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828896, TEF: MG829266.
Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of
microfungi in Italy, an isolate (MFLUCC 17–0954) was
recovered from Rosa spines in Forli-Cesena Province. This
new isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Diplodia
seriata (CBS 112555) in our combined ITS and TEF
sequenced data analyses. This relationship is only supported in our ML analysis, whereas other analyses yielded
no support. However, nucleotides of the ITS and TEF
regions are identical and we therefore introduce MFLUCC
17-0954 as another strain for Diplodia seriata. Diplodia
rosae, D. rosarum, D. spurca have also been reported from
Rosa in Bulgaria, California, Cuba, Greece, Pakistan, Spain
123
10
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 113423
Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 109944
Diplodia scrobiculata CBS 118110
Diplodia intermedia CBS 124134
Diplodia sapinea CBS 393.84
Diplodia sapinea CBS 109725
Diplodia rosacearum
Diplodia intermedia CBS 124462
76/74/1.00
Diplodia crataegicola MFLU 15-1311
73/62/0.99
Diplodia galiicola MFLU 15-1310
Diplodia
seriata
CBS
112555
99/--/-Diplodia seriata MFLUCC 17-0954
Diplodia alatafructa CBS 124933
97/97/1.00
Diplodia pseudoseriata CBS 124907
Diplodia insularis CBS 140350
99/100/1.00
Diplodia pseudoseriata CBS 124906
Diplodia alatafructa CBS 124931
100/99/1.00 Diplodia estuarina CMW 41230
Diplodia estuarina CMW 41231
100/99/1.00 Diplodia allocellula CBS 130410
Diplodia allocellula CBS 130408
100/100/1.00 Diplodia corticola CBS 112549
100/100/1.00
Diplodia corticola CBS 112546
Diplodia quercivora CBS 133852
98/71/0.98 Diplodia mutila CBS 230.30
Diplodia mutila CBS 112553
Diplodia neojuniperi CPC 22753
62/--/-Diplodia subglobosa CBS 124133
Diplodia agrifolia UCROK1429
100/100/1.00
Diplodia agrifolia CBS 132777
99/96/1.00 Diplodia olivarum CBS 121886
Diplodia olivarum CBS 121887
100/100/1.00 Diplodia rosulata CBS 116470
68/76/0.96
Diplodia rosulata CBS 116472
Diplodia fraxini CBS 136010
100/96/1.00
100/99/1.00
Diplodia africana CBS 120835
Diplodia africana CBS 121104
100/100/1.00 Diplodia malorum CBS 124130
Diplodia malorum CBS 112554
Diplodia cupressi CBS 168.87
100/100/1.00
Diplodia cupressi CBS 261.85
100/100/1.00 Diplodia bulgarica CBS 124135
Diplodia bulgarica CBS 124254
Diplodia tsugae CBS 418.64
Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 164.96
Lasiodiplodia (Outgroup)
Diplodia
100/95/1.00
89/87/0.99
--/100/1.00
0.02
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 1 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences
were obtained from GenBank. Forty-five strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 872 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (CBS 164.96) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology from ML analysis was similar to BI and MP analyses. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 3172.641519 is presented. The matrix had 277 distinct alignment
patterns, with 9.22% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.207927, C = 0.296999, G =
0.261938, T = 0.233136; substitution rates AC = 1.372702, AG =
4.139910, AT = 1.078375, CG = 1.771723, CT = 5.713156, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.694607. The
maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 872 characters, which
677 were constant, 142 parsimony-informative and 53 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of 30 equally most parsimonious trees with a length of
346 steps (CI = 0.709, RI = 0.870, RC = 0.616, HI = 0.291) in the first
tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or
greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above
or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue
and Ukraine (Farr and Rossman 2017) although these
records are not backed up with molecular data. This is the
first record of Diplodia seriata on Rosa.
Dothiorella Sacc., Michelia 2 (6): 5 (1880)
Notes: This genus comprises more than 30 species
(Dissanayake et al. 2017a). Sexual morphs and the asexual
morphs have been reported within the genus. The number
of species described in this genus has doubled since 2013
when Phillips et al. (2013) included twelve species names
and 16 unnamed lineages. With this increase in the number
of species the phylogenetic separation between Dothiorella
and Spencermartinsia has become less distinct. Yang et al.
(2017) treated these two genera as one (Fig. 3).
Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves,
Mycologia 97 (2): 524 (2005)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03513; Fig. 4.
Saprobic on branches of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph:: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous.
11
Conidiomata 150–275 lm high 9 200–325 lm diam. (
x=
225 9 275 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary or aggregated,
semi-immersed to immersed, dark brown to black, slightly
depressed, globose to subglobose, unilocular, ostiolate
central. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, composed of 3–5-layers
of brown to black-walled cells of textura angularis. with
outer 1–3-layers brown and inner 1–2-layers hyaline, thinwalled cells of textura angularis. Conidia 22–28 9 11–
13 lm (
x = 24 9 12, n = 20), subglobose to ellipsoidal,
pale brown when young, becoming brown at maturity,
smooth thick-walled, one median septate.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA, covering
entire petri dishes after 12 d in the dark at 25 °C; circular,
initially white, after 7 d becoming greyish brown to black;
reverse grey to dark greyish green.
Materials examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
[FC], near Strada San Zeno, Galeata, on dead aerial branch
of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 17 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2179 (MFLU 17-0290), living culture MFLUCC
17-0951.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828897, TEF: MG829267.
Notes: An isolate (MFLUCC 17–0951) was recovered
from Rosa stems from Forli-Cesena Province. This new
isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Dothiorella
iberica (CBS 115045) in our combined ITS and TEF
sequenced data analyses. This species has not been reported from the plant family Rosaceae and here we provide the
first association of this species with Rosa.
Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh., Botanical Gazette Crawfordsville 21: 92 (1896)
Notes: The genus Lasiodiplodia comprises 31 species.
Both sexual and asexual morph have been reported within
the genus. Phillips et al. (2013) and Slippers et al. (2014)
have shown that morphology is not a reliable character for
species differentiation and species can only be recognized
from combined ITS and tef1-a sequence data. Cruywagen
et al. (2016) suggest that hybridization between Lasiodiplodia species is widespread and further suggest that
some of the currently recognized species may in fact be
123
12
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 2 Diplodia seriata (MFLU 15-1311) a, b Conidiomata on host,
c Cross section of the conidioma, d Immature and mature conidia
with conidiogenous cells. e Immature conidia with conidiogenous
cells. f Pale yellow conidia with conidiogenous cells. g Mature, dark
brown conidia attached to conidiogenous cell. h, i Mature dark brown
conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 150 lm, d = 50, e–j = 10 lm
hybrids, e.g. L. viticola, L. missouriana, L. laeliocattletae
and L. brasiliense (Fig. 5).
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 25: 57 (1909)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 00167; Fig. 6.
Saprobic on dead branch of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph:: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous.
Conidiomata 120–175 lm high 9 80–125 lm diam. (
x=
145 9 110 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, solitary or
aggregated, globose to subglobose. Peridium composed of
brown thick-walled textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 7–16
9 3–5 lm (
x = 12 9 4.5 lm, n = 20) lining the pycnidial
cavity, holoblastic, hyaline, subcylindrical, smooth-walled.
Conidia 16–20 9 6–8 lm (
x = 18 9 7, n = 30) initially
hyaline, becoming dark brown and 1-septate often while
still attached to the conidiogenous cell, ovoid with a
broadly rounded apex and truncate base, brown, 1-septate,
slightly constricted at the septum.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA, covering
entire petri dishes after 7 days in the dark at 25 °C; circular, initially white, after 7 d becoming greyish black;
reverse grey to dark greyish green.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
[FC], near Strada San Zeno, Galeata, on dead aerial branch
and spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 15 November 2014,
Erio Camporesi IT 2227 (MFLU 17-0298), living culture
MFLUCC 17-0952.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828906, TEF: MG829268.
Notes: A fungal isolate obtained from a spine of Rosa
canina was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, with
support from both morphology and phylogeny. This isolate
clustered with the type isolate of L. theobromae (CBS
164.96), in the combined ITS and TEF phylogeny.
Neofusicoccum Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies
in Mycology 55: 247 (2006)
Notes: Neofusicoccum is one of the species-rich genera
in Botryosphaeriaceae and includes 44 taxon epithets listed
Index Fungorum (2017). Most of them are phylogenetically
closely related and morphologically similar cryptic species
exhibiting similar growth and cultural appearance make
species identification difficult (Lopes et al. 2016). Largely,
species of Neofusicoccum have a ubiquitous occurrence in
13
almost all kind of woody plants (Fig. 7) in terrestrial
habitats as saprobes or pathogens.
Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.)
Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, Studies in Mycology 55:
248 (2006)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03960; Fig. 8.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0628.
Saprobic on Rosa spines. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary,
globose to subglobose, mostly with some hyphal outgrows,
superficial on or immersed into host tissues, 100–150 9
110–150 lm (
x = 122.1 9 130.7 lm, n = 6). Ostiole single,
papillate or apapillate. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, multi-layered, 12–20 lm thick, composed of isodiametric or sometimes irregular cells. Conidiogenous cells
phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, 6–10 9 8–12 lm
(
x = 10.8 9 8.3 lm, n = 20). Conidia broadly fusoid to
cylindrical, incidentally slightly curved, smooth- and thinwalled, hyaline, uniseptate, 15–25 9 6–10 lm (
x = 21.63
9 7.72 lm, n = 30), with many minute guttules.
Known distribution: On Rosa, UK.
Material examined: UK, New Forest, Hampshire, Emory
Down, on Rosa spines, 9 April 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ253A
(MFLU 17-0628, holotype); ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0772.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828923, TEF: MG829269,
BTUB: MG843872.
Notes: Neofusicoccum australe was initially recorded as
native to Australia, but has since been recorded as widespread occurring on a broad range of hosts (Sakalidis et al.
2011; Phillips et al. 2013; Lopes et al. 2016). To our
knowledge, this study is the first to report N. australe
occurring on Rosa.
We might see a different scenario with the usage of
multiple sequence data using several combined genes in
phylogenetic analyses as in complex genera (e.g. Colletotrichum) with better resolved species relationships.
Therefore, it would be wise to conduct further infraspecific
revisions on this group of isolates in future studies, in order
to identify/diminish their complexity.
Capnodiales Woron., Annales Mycologici 23: 177 (1925)
Notes: See Chomnunti et al. (2011) and Hyde et al.
(2013) for more details.
Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau, Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 421
(1897)
Notes: Currently this is one of the largest ascomycetous
families representing more than 10000 species names
(Crous et al. 2009). They are commonly referred to as
cercosporoid fungi and comprise dematiaceous, holoblastic
asexual morphs and mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs
123
14
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Dothiorella mangifericola IRAN 1584C
Dothiorella mangifericola IRAN 1545C
Dothiorella rosulata CBS 121760
Dothiorella rosulata CBS 121761
97/63/0.95
Dothiorella citricola ICMP 16827
Dothiorella citricola ICMP 16828
100/99/1.00
Dothiorella yunnana CGMCC 3.18000
Dothiorella yunnana CGMCC 3.17999
7/634/0.96 Dothiorella plurivora IRAN 1557C
Dothiorella plurivora IRAN 1537C
Dothiorella viticola CBS 117006
Dothiorella alpina CGMCC 3.18001
98/60/-100/100/1.00
Dothiorella westralis DAR 80530
Dothiorella westralis DAR 80529
Dothiorella viticola CBS 117009
100/99/1.00
Dothiorella dulcispinae CBS 130413
99/99/1.00
Dothiorella oblonga CBS 121765
Dothiorella thailandica MFLUCC 11-0438
98/87/1.00 Dothiorella longicollis CBS 122066
99/99/1.00
Dothiorella longicollis CBS 122068
72/76/1.00
Dothiorella brevicollis CBS 130411
Dothiorella tectonae MFLUCC 12-0382
Dothiorella vinea gemmae DAR 81012
76/66/-- Dothiorella striata ICMP16824
96/100/1.00
Dothiorella striata ICMP16819
87/98/0.99
Dothiorella neclivorem DAR80992
Dothiorella uruguayensis CBS 124908
97/--.0.95 Dothiorella omnivora CBS 140349
79/69/0.99 Dothiorella omnivora CBS 188.87
90/81/1.00
Dothiorella vidmadera DAR 78993
Dothiorella vidmadera DAR 78992
98/93/1.00
Dothiorella sempervirentis IRAN 1583C
Dothiorella sempervirentis IRAN 1581C
Dothiorella parva IRAN 1585C
Dothiorella parva IRAN 1579C
Dothiorella prunicola IRAN 1541
Dothiorella californica CBS 141587
87/76/0.98
Dothiorella symphoricarposicola MFLUCC 13 0497
Dothiorella symphoricarposicola MFLUCC 13 0196
Dothiorella iberica CBS 115045
Dothiorella iberica MFLUCC 17-0951
Dothiorella americana CBS 128309
Dothiorella americana CBS 128310
Dothiorella sarmentorum CBS 115038
--/74/-- 85/72/0.99
Dothiorella sarmentorum IMI 63581b
Dothiorella rhamni MFLUCC 14-0902
Dothiorella iranica IRAN 1587C
100/100/1.00 Dothiorella santali MUCC 509
96/89/1.00
Dothiorella santali MUCC 508
100/99/1.00 Dothiorella moneti MUCC 505
Dothiorella moneti MUCC 507
99/99/1.00
--/100/1.00
Dothiorella thripsita BRIP51876
100/100/1.00 Dothiorella pretoriensis CBS 130404
Dothiorella pretoriensis CBS 130403
100/100/1.00 Dothiorella capri amissi CBS 121763
Dothiorella capri amissi CMW 25404
70/--/1.00
100/100/1.00
Dothiorella casuarini CBS 120688
Dothiorella casuarini CBS 120690
Dothiorella acacicola CPC 26349
Dothiorella ulmacea CBS 138855
Neofusicoccum parvum CMW 9081
Neofusicoccum (Outgroup)
Dothiorella
95/62/0.97
70/61/-98/--/0.95
85/83/1.00
0.03
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 3 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences
were obtained from GenBank. Sixty-one strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 735 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neofusicoccum parvum (CMW 9081) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring
RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 3974.696608 is
presented. The matrix had 301 distinct alignment patterns, with
15.53% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.210525, C = 0.291772, G = 0.252456, T =
0.245247; substitution rates AC = 1.567860, AG = 2.490100, AT =
1.430414, CG = 1.553435, CT = 4.910075, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.565796. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 735 characters, which 504 were constant,
171 parsimony-informative and 60 parsimony-uninformative. The
parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of a
thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 577 steps
(CI = 0.581, RI = 0.839, RC = 0.487, HI = 0.419) in the first tree.
Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater
than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or
below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue
(Braun et al. 2016). See Crous et al. (2009) and Braun et al.
(2014, 2015a, b, 2016) for more details (Fig. 9).
Pseudocercospora Speg., Anales del Museo Nacional de
Historia Natural Buenos Aires 20 (13): 438 (1910)
Notes: Spegazzini (1910) introduced Pseudocercospora
based on P. vitis (type species) which was recognized as a
foliar pathogen of grapevines. Pseudocercospora is a
diverse genus which can occur in arid as well as wet
environments and in a wide range of climate including cool
temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions (Crous et al.
2013). They are mostly reported as plant pathogenic fungi
associated with leaf and fruit spots as well as blights on a
wide range of plant hosts (Crous et al. 2013).
Pseudocercospora rosae J.F. Li, A. Mapook & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554125; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03961; Fig. 10.
Etymology: Name reflects the host genus Rosa.
Holotype: HKAS100841.
Pathogenic on leaves of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Unknown. Asexual morph: Mycelium superficial on the
substrate, composed of septate, branched, smooth, thinwalled, grey to dark grey coloured hyphae. Conidiophores
absent, closely packed on the base. Conidiogenous cells
(3.2–)3.8–5.5 lm long 9 (2.5–)2.8–3.4 lm diam (
x =
4.7 lm 9 3.2 lm, n = 100), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrent, cylindrical, doliiform,
hyaline, smooth, colourless, thin-walled. Conidia 75–
100 lm long 9 (8.5–)8.7–9.6(–10.2) lm diam. (
x =
90.2 lm9 9.3 lm, n = 100), acrogenous, holoblastic,
15
solitary, hyaline, ellipsoidal, clavate, multiseptate, dry,
simple, straight, curved, fusiform, borne in chain, smoothwalled, thin-walled.
Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA
within 14 h and germ tubes produced from top cells.
Colonies growing on PDA, hairy or cottony, grey to dark
grey, reaching 5 mm in 20 days at 25 °C, mycelium
superficial, effuse, radially striate, with regular edge, grey
to dark grey coloured hyphae; Asexual spores and sexual
spores were not formed within 60 days.
Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai, on leaves
of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 14 December 2013, Ausana
Mapook (HKAS100841, holotype), living culture =
MFLUCC 14-0408,KUMCC 17-0264.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828952, LSU: MG829063.
Notes: Pseudocercospora species are mostly limited to
single hosts (with a few exceptions), several species of a
single host genus or with closely allied host genera (Braun
et al. 2013). Farr and Rossman (2017) listed that Pseudocercospora species were recorded on Rosa centifolia,
R. davurica, R. involucrate, R. multiflora and R. rugosa
from China, Hong Kong, India and Korea. In this study we
introduce the first record (Pseudocercospora rosae) of
Pseudocercospora sp. on Rosa canina in Thailand. Pseudocercospora rosae is described herein as a new species
and characterised with shorter conidiophores (up to 20)
with non-stromata, subhyaline, fusiform, 1–3-septate
conidia which differ with other Pseudocercospora species.
Our phylogeny depicts that our new Pseudocercospora
species is closely related to other unidentified species with
moderate support (Fig. 9).
Dothideales Lindau, Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: 373 (1897)
Notes: We follow the classification of Thambugala et al.
(2014) in the study.
Dothideaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de
Paris 1: 446 (1826)
Notes: The family Dothideaceae is a well-supported
monophyletic family in the class Dothideomycetes (Liu
et al. 2017). Dothideaceae was introduced by Chevallier
(1826) as ‘Dothideae’, and later Fuckel (1869) established
this family to accommodate the genus Dothidea as the
type. Thambugala et al. (2014) has revisited this family and
resolved some previous taxonomic issues. Neophaeocryptopus cytisi and Dothiora buxi were introduced in Dothideaceae as new species by Li et al. (2016a) and Hyde et al.
(2016) respectively. In this study, we introduce Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae as a new species in
Dothideaceae.
Endoconidioma Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Mycologia 96
(5): 1129 (2004)
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 4 Dothiorella iberica (MFLU 17-0290). a Conidiomata on host.
b Cross section of the conidiomata. c, d Immature and mature conidia
with conidiogenous cells. e Immature pale-yellow conidia with
conidiogenous cells. f Mature, dark brown conidia. g, h Mature dark
brown conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–f = 30 lm, g, h = 20 lm
Notes: Endoconidioma was introduced by Tsuneda et al.
(2004) as a monotypic genus to accommodate E. populi
which is a melanized taxon belonging to a group of fungi
known as black meristematic fungi. These fungi have a
yeast-like growth and have been identified as human, animal and plant pathogens (Mirzaei et al. 2015). Black
meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to
extreme environmental conditions i.e. ultraviolet radiation,
temperature, moisture and they can grow on exposed
habitats such as stone surfaces (Mirzaei et al. 2015). In this
study, we introduce Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae as a
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
new species of Endoconidioma from fruits of Rosa
hissarica Slobodov in Uzbekistan (Fig. 11).
Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554126; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03962; Fig. 12.
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the host species
Rosa hissarica.
Holotype: TASM 6106.
Saprobic/pathogenic on fruits of Rosa hissarica. Sexual
morph: Not reported. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 130–170 lm high, 130–180 lm diam (
x = 156.9 9
159.6 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial,
unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 15–
25 lm wide, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily
pigmented, thick-walled, comprising brown cells of textura
angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer
comprising 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform,
integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated
from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 12–15 9
8–9 lm (
x = 13.6 9 8.3 lm; n = 30), oblong, straight to
slightly curved, rounded at both ends, aseptate, roughwalled, hyaline.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching
20–25 mm diameter in 21 days, at 16 °C, surface dark
brown to blackish-brown, with sparse to moderate aerial
mycelium and smooth margins; reverse dark brown.
Known distribution: On fruits of Rosa hissarica
Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on dead fruits of Rosa hissarica Slobodov, 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S43-4
(TASM 6106, holotype), 38°150 15.3900 N, 67°180 5.2600 E;
MFLU 17-0156, isotype, ex-type living cultures, MFLUCC
17-0821.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828898, LSU: MG829008,
SSU: MG829119.
Notes: Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae constitutes a
strongly supported independent lineage basal to Endoconidioma populi and Coniozyma leucospermi (Fig. 11).
This sister relationship of Endoconidioma populi and Coniozyma leucospermi in our phylogenetic analyses is in
accordance with Tsuneda et al. (2004, 2010) and Mirzaei
et al. (2015). Coniozyma leucospermi differs from
E. rosae-hissaricae in conidioma morphology, conidiogenesis and the absence of blastic conidia. Morphologically, Endoconidioma populi is also distinct from E. rosaehissaricae by its two-celled conidia, while E. rosaehissaricae has aseptate conidia.
17
Subclass Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora,
Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1048 (2007)
Notes: The subclass Pleosporomycetidae was introduced
by Schoch et al. (2006) based on the presence of pseudoparaphyses as defined by Barr (1987) based on Luttrell
(1955). Ascomata of Pleosporomycetidae are perithecioid,
hysterothecioid or cleistothecioid, conchate or dolabrate,
immersed, erumpent or superficial; globose, sphaeroid,
turbinate, ovoid, obpyriform, conoid, doliiform, dimidiate.
Hamathecium can be wide to narrow cellular or trabeculate
pseudoparaphyses, deliquescing at maturity in some
members. Asci of this suborder are bitunicate, usually
basal, at times extending laterally, cylindric, clavate,
oblong or saccate. Ascospores are variable in pigmentation,
shape and septation, usually with bipolar asymmetry, but
some symmetrical (Schoch et al. 2006). Currently
Pleosporomycetidae includes Pleosporales, Mytilinidiales
and Hysteriales (Liu et al. 2017)
Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodromus to class
Loculoascomycetes: 67 (1987)
Notes: Pleosporales was proposed by Luttrell (1955) to
accommodate members of Dothideomycetes having
perithecioid ascomata with pseudoparaphyses amongst the
asci (Zhang et al. 2009a). The members of Pleosporales are
highly diverse and they can be endophytes or epiphytes,
parasitic, lichenicolous, saprobic in terrestrial or aquatic
environments or even occur on animal dung (Zhang et al.
2009a). During the last six decades there have been a large
number of studies introducing thousands of species of
Pleoporales. Currently Pleosporales is the largest order of
Dothideomycetes with 55 families which are 20–100 Mya
in stem versus crown age divergence time estimates (Liu
et al. 2017). See Zhang et al. (2012) and Hyde et al. (2013)
for more details.
Amorosiaceae Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity
74: 252 (2015)
Notes: We follow the classification of Hyde et al. (2017)
in this study.
Angustimassarina quercicola Thambugala, Jayasiri,
R.K.Schumach. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity
74:199–266 (2015)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03963, Fig. 13
Saprobic on dead spine of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 226–262 lm high 9 324–338 lm diam.
(
x = 244 9 331 lm, n = 5), immersed to semi-immersed,
globose to subglobose, solitary or scattered on the host
surface, black dots on host surface, smooth-walled, without
papilla, thin-walled, shiny, dark brown to black, short
ostiole in the central, with a pore-like opening. Peridium
22–30 lm wide, thick-walled, inner cells hyaline, outer
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Lasiodiplodia brasiliense CMM 2185
Lasiodiplodia brasiliense CMM 4015
80/--/1.00 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia viticola CBS 128315
Lasiodiplodia viticola CBS 128313
Lasiodiplodia theobromae CAA006
72/62/0.95
Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 124.13
Lasiodiplodia theobromae CBS 164.96
Lasiodiplodia theobromae MFLUCC 17-0952
100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia bruguierae CMW 41470
75/63/0.99
Lasiodiplodia bruguierae CMW 41614
96/80/0.98 Lasiodiplodia mahajangana CBS 124925
70/--/-Lasiodiplodia mahajangana CBS 124927
81/72/1.00 99/95/1.00 Lasiodiplodia exigua CBS 137785
68/63/-Lasiodiplodia exigua BL184
96/64/0.98 Lasiodiplodia caatinguensis CMM 1325
Lasiodiplodia caatinguensis IBL352
92/87/1.00 Lasiodiplodia iraniensis CBS 124711
87/91/0.98
99/65/-Lasiodiplodia iraniensis CBS 124710
Lasiodiplodia thailandica CPC 22795
93/81/0.98
Lasiodiplodia gilanensis CBS 124704
100/98/1.00
Lasiodiplodia gilanensis IRAN 1501C
72/70/0.99
Lasiodiplodia missouriana CBS 128311
Lasiodiplodia missouriana UCD 2199MO
97/99/1.00 Lasiodiplodia plurivora CBS 121103
Lasiodiplodia plurivora CBS 120832
Lasiodiplodia pontae CMM 1277
100/91/1.00 Lasiodiplodia citricola IRAN 1521C
Lasiodiplodia citricola CBS 124707
98/71/0.95
Lasiodiplodia parva CBS 494.78
Lasiodiplodia parva CBS 456.78
95/95/1.00
Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae CBS 167.28
88/63/0.99
Lasiodiplodia euphorbicola CMM 3609
Lasiodiplodia euphorbicola IBL329
99/87/1.00
Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis CBS 124708
100/95/1.00
Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis CBS 124709
Lasiodiplodia subglobosa CMM 3872
75/74/-Lasiodiplodia subglobosa CMM 4046
96/93/1.00
Lasiodiplodia gravistriata CMM 4565
Lasiodiplodia gravistriata CMM 4564
60/--/-Lasiodiplodia macrospora CMM 3833
77/--/0.96
Lasiodiplodia lignicola CBS 134112
75/71/0.95
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae CBS 447.62
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae CBS 116459
100/100/1.00
Lasiodiplodia avicenniae CMW 41467
Lasiodiplodia avicenniae LAS199
96/98/1.00 Lasiodiplodia mediterranea CBS 137783
Lasiodiplodia mediterranea ALG36
Lasiodiplodia lignicola MFLUCC 11-0656
100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia margaritacea CBS 122519
Lasiodiplodia margaritacea CBS 122065
63/60/-- Lasiodiplodia crassispora CBS 118741
Lasiodiplodia crassispora WAC 12534
99/100/1.00
Lasiodiplodia crassispora CBS 110492
99/85/1.00 Lasiodiplodia pyriformis CBS 121770
Lasiodiplodia pyriformis CBS 121771
88/87/1.00
Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea WAC 12536
64/76/-Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea CBS 118740
100/100/1.00
Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis WAC 12540
Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis CBS 118739
100/100/1.00
Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis CBS 116355
Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis CBS 115812
Diplodia mutila CBS 112553
Diplodia (Outgroup)
0.02
Lasiodiplodia
88/--/--
--/100/1.00
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 5 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined ITS and TEF sequence data. Related sequences
were obtained from GenBank. Sixty-two strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 826 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Diplodia
mutila (CBS 112553) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of
the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree
with a final likelihood value of - 3491.523877 is presented. The
matrix had 245 distinct alignment patterns, with 7.54% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows;
A = 0.213249, C = 0.286170, G = 0.258379, T = 0.242202;
substitution rates AC = 0.772893, AG = 3.492464, AT = 1.200687,
CG = 0.913444, CT = 4.839580, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution
shape parameter a = 0.565796. The maximum parsimonious dataset
consisted of 826 characters, which 635 were constant, 144 parsimonyinformative and 47 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis
of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of 720 equally most
parsimonious trees with a length of 427 steps (CI = 0.611, RI = 0.844,
RC = 0.516, HI = 0.389) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for
ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly
generated sequence is in blue
layer cells black, composed of flattened cells of textura
angularis. Hamathecium 1.5–1.8 lm wide, comprising
numerous,
septate,
long,
hyaline,
guttulate,
19
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 77–112 9 11–15 lm (
x = 97 9
13 lm, n = 15), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short with club-shaped pedicel,
apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber,
smooth and thin-walled. Ascospores 20–23 9 5–8 lm (
x=
21 9 6 lm, n = 15), overlapping in the ascus, fusiform,
1-septate, narrowly fusoid with rounded ends, the cells
above central septum often broader than the lower ones,
constricted at the septum, with large guttules in each cell,
hyaline, with thin mucilaginous sheath, smooth-walled.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA at 16 °C
reaching 9 cm in two weeks, circular with undulate, yellow-white mycelium, velvety and flat on the media.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
near Castellaccio di Corniolino, Santa Sofia, on dead spines
of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 24 October 2014, Erio
Camporesi, IT2197 (MFLU 15-1026, new host record).
ibid. (MFLU 16-0532, HKAS94609 bis); living culture,
MFLUCC 15-0079).
GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828868, LSU: MG828984,
SSU: MG829097.
Fig. 6 Lasiodiplodia theobromae (MFLU 17-0298). a Conidiomata on host. b Cross section of the conidioma. c Immature conidia with
conidiogenous cells. d Mature, hyaline conidia. Scale bars: b = 60 lm, c, d = 20 lm
123
20
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Neofusicoccum
Neofusicoccum parvum CMW9081 Populus nigra New Zealand
Neofusicoccum parvum CBS110301 Vitis vinifera Portugal
Neofusicoccum parvum CAA189 Ferula communis Portugal
91/68/-Neofusicoccum parvum CAA608 Aesculus hippocastanum Portugal
Neofusicoccum algeriense CAA366 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
85/--/1.00
Neofusicoccum algeriense PE32 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
85/91/1.00
Neofusicoccum algeriense CAA322 Malus domestica Portugal
Neofusicoccum algeriense CBS137504 Vitis vinifera Algeria
Neofusicoccum parvum CAA384 Rosa sp. Portugal
Neofusicoccum parvum CAA386 Rosa sp. Portugal
Neofusicoccum parvum CAA692 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
96/96/1.00 Neofusicoccum umdonicola CBS123645 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
Neofusicoccum umdonicola CBS123646 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
Neofusicoccum batangarum CBS124923 Terminalia catappa Cameroon
96/87/1.00
Neofusicoccum batangarum CBS124924 Terminalia catappa Cameroon
Neofusicoccum ribis CBS121.26 Ribes rubrum Unknown
100/100/1.00
Neofusicoccum ribis CBS115475 Ribes sp. USA
91/95/1.00
Neofusicoccum cordaticola CBS123635 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
Neofusicoccum cordaticola CBS123634 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
87/68/0.97
Neofusicoccum occulatum CBS128008 Eucalyptus grandis Australia
Neofusicoccum occulatum MUCC286 Eucalyptus pellita Australia
97/92/1.00
Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CBS123639 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
72/--/1.00
Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CBS123641 Syzygium cordatum South Africa
83/76/1.00
Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense CAA755 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
100/98/1.00 Neofusicoccum brasiliense CMM1338 Mangifera indica Brazil
Neofusicoccum brasiliense CMM1285 Mangifera indica Brazil
67/--/0.95
Neofusicoccum macroclavatum CBS118223 Eucalyptus globulus Australia
100/99/1.00
Neofusicoccum macroclavatum WAC12445 Eucalyptus globulus Australia
100/92/1.00 Neofusicoccum arbuti CBS116131 Arbutus menziesii USA
87/74/1.00
98/99/1.00
Neofusicoccum arbuti CBS117090 Arbutus menziesii USA
Neofusicoccum andinum CBS117453 Eucalyptus sp. Venezuela
100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum PD301 Vaccinium corymbosum Chile
Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum CBS126655 Umbellularia californica USA
Neofusicoccum pennatisporum MUCC510 Allocasuarina fraseriana Australia
Neofusicoccum australe CAA392 Quercus robur Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CAA231 Hydrangea macrophylla Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CAA326 Pyracantha coccinea Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CAA741 Acacia longifolia Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CAA468 Olea europaea Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CAA723 Tilia platyphyllos Portugal
64/60/0.99 Neofusicoccum australe CAA178 Ferula communis Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe MFLUCC 17-0772 Rosa sp. UK
99/98/1.00 Neofusicoccum australe CAA319 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
Neofusicoccum australe CMW6853 Sequoiadendron giganteum Australia
Neofusicoccum australe CMW6837 Acacia sp. Australia
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA360 Fraxinus ornus Portugal
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA352 Quercus robur Portugal
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA505 Fraxinus ornus Portugal
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA200 Melia azedarach Portugal
90/61/0.96
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA720 Tilia platyphyllos Portugal
100/100/1.00
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA412 Populus alba Portugal
Neofusicoccum luteum CAA628 Fraxinus excelsior Portugal
98/95/1.00
Neofusicoccum luteum CBS110299 Vitis vinifera Portugal
Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale CMW23785 Eucalyptus sp. South Africa
Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale CMW20738 Eucalyptus citriodora South Africa
Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme B9 Vitis vinifera Italy
100/99/1.00
Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme B8 Vitis vinifera Italy
100/100/1.00 85/80/-Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme 5H022 Juglans regia California
99/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CBS121558 Vitis vinifera USA
Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CBS121718 Eucalyptus sp. Greece
Neofusicoccum protearum MUCC497 Santalum acuminatum Australia
100/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum hellenicum CERC1948 Pistacia vera Greece
Neofusicoccum hellenicum CERC1947 Pistacia vera Greece
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA618 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA604 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA601 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA369 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA561 Fraxinus excelsior Portugal
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CAA450 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal
100/100/1.00
Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum CBS115791 Eucalyptus grandis South Africa
100/1.00/1.00 Neofusicoccum eucalypticola CBS115679 Eucalyptus grandis Australia
94/93/0.99
Neofusicoccum eucalypticola CBS115766 Eucalyptus rossi Australia
100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum mangiferae CBS118532 Mangifera indica Australia
Neofusicoccum mangiferae CBS118531 Mangifera indica Australia
100/--/1.00
Dothiorella sarmentorum IMI63581b Ulmus sp. United Kingdom
Dothiorella (Outgroup)
0.01
Dothiorella iberica CBS115041 Quercus ilex Spain
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 7 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined ITS, TEF and BTUB partial sequence data.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Lopes et al.
(2016). Seventy-four strains are included in the combined sequence
analyses, which comprise 1581 characters with gaps. Single gene
analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability
compared from combinbed gene analyses. Dothiorella sarmentorum
and Dothiorella iberica are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology
of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring
RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 4891.417518 is
presented. The matrix had 398 distinct alignment patterns, with 15.6%
of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were
as follows; A = 205808, C = 308905, G= 0. 265138, T = 0. 220149;
substitution rates AC = 1.238189, AG = 4.913273, AT = 0.676400,
CG = 0.874667, CT = 8.654825, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution
shape parameter a = 0.923975. The maximum parsimonious dataset
consisted of 1581 characters, which 1309 were constant, 215
parsimony-informative and 57 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of 270
equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 450 steps (CI =
0.694, RI = 0.928, RC = 0.644, HI = 0.306) in the first tree. Bootstrap
support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%,
BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the
nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
Notes: Our new isolate is morphologically similar and
phylogenetically related to Angustimassarina quercicola,
but associated with a different host. Angustimassarina
quercicola (holotype) was recorded on Quercus robur L.
(Fagaceae), while our collection was found on Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). The phylogenetic placement of this
species is shown in Fig. 14.
Angustimassarina rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553939, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03964, Fig. 15
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1477
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 100–150 lm high 9 125–165 lm diam.
(
x = 124 9 143 lm, n = 5), superficial with flat at the base,
solitary or in small groups, globose to subglobose, visible
as black dots on the host surface, conspicuous at the surface, shinny, without papillate, black. Ostiole crest-like,
rounded, papillate, immersed in ascomata, with a pore-like
opening. Peridium 10–17 lm wide, thin, 3–5-layered of
cells of textura angularis, dark brown to pale brown. Hamathecium 1.8-2.1 lm wide, cylindrical, few, septate,
hyaline, attached to the base, longer than asci long, smooth,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 40–102 9 6–13 lm (
x = 70 9
10 lm, n = 10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, long with a club-shaped
pedicel, with apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber,
smooth-walled. Ascospore 16–22 9 4–6 lm (
x = 19 9
21
5 lm, n = 20), overlapping 1–2-seriate, fusiform to ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-septate at the centre, 4-large guttules,
enlarged cell near septate, constricted at the septum, conical at both ends, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thin
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characteristics: Ascospores germinating on malt
extract agar (MEA) within 24 h. Colonies growing fast on
MEA, circular, rough, entire edge with dark brown to back,
raised on surface media, velvety.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
Fiumicello di Premilcuore Province, on dead aerial branch
and spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2012, Erio
Camporesi, IT334 (MFLU 15-1477, holotype); ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 15-0080, KUMCC 16-0136);
ibid. (HKAS94529 bis, paratypes).
GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828869, LSU: MG828985.
Notes: Angustimassarina rosarum is similar to An.
acerina however, when compared morphologically ascomata and ascospores in An. acerina are immersed with
hyaline ascospores, becoming ochre brown at maturity and
1(–3)-septate (Thambugala et al. 2015) which differs in An.
rosarum. In our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 14), Angustimassarina rosarum is related to An. alni, but differs in
having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata with fusiform to cylindrical or ellipsoidal-fusiform ascospores,
which are widest at the centre (Tibpromma et al. 2017).
There are also seven base pair differences in ITS nucleotide
sequences between An. rosarum and An. alni. It is worth
pointing out that the affinities of our two new Angustimassarina species are still obscure given that there are no
reliable support in our phylogeny, but this is a common
phenomenon across Pleosporales members.
Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s KryptogamenFlora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 308 (1885)
Notes: The family Cucurbitariaceae is a well-supported
monophyletic family in the order Pleosporales (Liu et al.
2017; Wanasinghe et al. 2017b). Currently the family
includes Allocucurbitaria, Cucurbitaria, Neocucurbitaria,
Paracucurbitaria, and another six monotypic genera viz.
Astragalicola, Cucitella, Fenestella, Parafenestella,
Protofenestella and Seltsamia.
In a recent study, Jaklitsch et al. (2018) revisited the
phylogenetic relationships of Cucurbitariaceae and reported that the genus Fenestella should be restricted to the
type species F. fenestrata. In addition, they have transferred F. mackenziei and F. ostryae to Parafenestella based
on their lack of molecular support with Fenestella and the
absence of a well-delimited pseudostromata and ascospore
septation. Our generated phylogenies herein are similar to
those of Jaklitsch et al. (2018), but we obtained more
reliable backbone bootstrap support for the Fenestella and
Parafenestella clade (80% ML and 1.00 BYPP, Fig. 16).
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 8 Neofusicoccum australe (MFLU 17-0628, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host spines. c Vertical section of conidioma.
d Conidiomata wall. e Conidia on conidiogenous cells. f–l Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d, f–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm
The establishment of Parafenestella as circumscribed by
Jaklitsch et al. (2018) and its separation from Fenestella is
not strongly supported (also in the present study). In
123
addition, differences in morphs as cited by Jaklitsch et al.
(2018) (Parafenestella: ascomata aggregated or not, not
forming well-delimited pseudostromata, ascospores
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
23
100/100/1.00
100/98/1.00
Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum CBS 132015
Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum CBS 114866
Pseudocercospora robusta CBS 111175
89/--/1.00
Pseudocercospora fori CBS 113286
100/100/1.00
100/100/1.00
Pseudocercospora sp. CBS 110780
Pseudocercospora
100/99/1.00
Pseudocercospora macadamiae CBS 133432
KPseudocercospora metrosideri CBS 114294
Pseudocercospora norchiensis CBS 120738
74/--/0.96
Pseudocercospora rosae MFLUCC 14-0408
Pseudocercospora sp. CBS 113386
82/--/0.95
88/79/1.00
100/99/1.00
Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 19535
Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 19537
60/95/1.00
68/--/1.00
Pseudocercospora flavomarginata CBS 124990
100/100/1.00
Pseudocercosporella myopori CBS 114644
--/100/1.00
Pseudocercospora dingleyae CBS 114645
Pseudocercospora vitis CBS 132012
Pseudocercospora sp. CPC 23118
Pallidocercospora heimii CPC 11716
0.03
Pallidocercospora (Outgroup)
Fig. 9 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, ITS and RPB2 sequenced data of
Mycosphaerellaceae. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Eighteen strains are analyzed, which comprise 2619 characters
with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology
and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses.
Pallidocercospora heimii (CPC 11716) is used as the outgroup taxon.
Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 8641.841344 is presented. The matrix had 589 distinct alignment
patterns, with 17.68% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.249040, C = 0.241413, G=
0.280760, T = 0.228787; substitution rates AC = 1.943855, AG =
3.843971, AT = 1.330835, CG = 0.937289, CT = 8.007570, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.513098. The
maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 2619 characters, which
2074 were constant, 345 parsimony-informative and two parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of two equally most parsimonious trees with a length of
1036 steps (CI = 0.714, RI = 0.755, RC = 0.539, HI = 0.286) in the
first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to
or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given
above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
fenestella- to (neo)cucurbitaria-like as compared to Fenestella which forms pseudostromata; ascospores have many
septa, difficult to count) warrants a taxonomic reappraisal
with more samples to properly assess the phylogenetic
significance of these morphs for intergeneric segregation.
Parafenestella may well be a synonym of Fenestella as
they are unambiguously unified by morphological characters (e.g. cylindrical asci with uniseriate ascospore
arrangement, muriform ascospores with [3 longitudinal
septa and specifically paler at the extreme ends) and represented by a reasonably supported monophyletic clade,
with F. fenestrata as the basal taxon in our rDNA and
protein gene phylogeny (Fig. 16). We refrain from synonymising Parafenestella until further collections are
made.
See Doilom et al. (2013), Hyde et al. (2013), Wanasinghe et al. (2017b), and Jaklitsch et al. (2018) for more
details on Cucurbitariaceae.
Astragalicola Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Studies in Mycology
90: 82 (2018) amend.
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 10 Pseudocercospora rosae (HKAS100841, holotype). a Dead plant tissues. b Colonies on dead stem. c–e Conidiophores. f Conidiophores
with conidiogenous cells. g–s Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 cm, b = 500 lm, i = 100, c–e = 50 lm, j–s = 50 lm, f, h = 20 lm
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate.
Ostiole inconspicuous. Peridium multi-layered, outer most
layer heavily pigmented, comprising a blackish to dark
brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented,
comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of
textura angularis, inner layer composed pale brown to
hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded with a
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate,
muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 3–5 transverse septa,
with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the
middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa,
initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, ends slightly paler, conical and narrowly rounded
at the ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath.
Asexual morph: See Jaklitsch et al. (2018).
Type: Astragalicola amorpha Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
Notes: Astragalicola was introduced by Jaklitsch et al.
(2018) to accomodate A. amorpha, which differs from
Phoma by the presence of conidiophores and from Pyrenochaeta by the lack of setae. Based on the combined
LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF, BTUB and SSU sequence analyses
of Cucurbitariaceae, one of our new isolates (MFLUCC
17-0832) clusters with Astragalicola amorpha with strong
bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 16). Thus, we introduce
our new isolate as a new species in Astragalicola. Astragalicola amorpha is known only from its coelomycetous
asexual morph and herein we amend Astragalicola in order
to accommodate its sexual morph.
Astragalicola vasilyevae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554128; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03965; Fig. 17.
Etymology: The specific epithet was given in honour of
Larisa N. Vasilyeva (15 Feb 1950–23 Feb 2017), who was
a Russian mycologist, amazing collector and specialist in
Pyrenomycetes systematics.
Holotype: TASM 6107.
Saprobic on dead wood of an unknown plant. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 350–450 lm high 200–300 lm diam. (
x
= 378.2 9 220.9 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semiimmersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent,
globose, uniloculate. Ostiole inconspicuous. Peridium 10–
20 lm wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides, outer
most layer heavily pigmented, comprising a blackish to
dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed
cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed pale brown
25
to hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n =
40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 120–150 9 14–18 lm (
x = 144.2916.3 lm, n =
40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 9 11–13 lm (
x = 23.4912.1 lm, n = 50),
overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with
3–5 transverse septa, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply
constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at
remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at
maturity, asymmetrical, ends slightly paler, conical and
narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 weeks at 16 °C, later with
dense mycelium, circular, margin smooth, orange after
6 weeks, reverse iron, flat on the surface, with aerial
mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.
Known distribution: On dead wood, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh Village on dead wood, 12
May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S004 (TASM 6107,
holotype), MFLU 17-0197, isotype living cultures,
MFLUCC 17-0832.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828870, LSU: MG828986,
SSU: MG829098, TEF: MG829193, RPB2: MG829248.
Notes: Based on the multi-gene sequence analyses,
isolate MFLUCC 17-0832 clusters with Astragalicola
amorpha with strong bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 16).
Astragalicola vasilyevae and A. amorpha are known from
their sexual morph and asexual morph respectively. Thus,
it is not possible to compare their morphologies. In a
comparison of the 566 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides of these
two strains reveals 12 (2.12%) nucleotide differences
which justifies these two isolates as two distinct taxa
(Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Therefore, we propose Astragalicola vasilyevae, MFLUCC 17-0832 as a new species in
Cucurbitariaceae. Astragalicola vasilyevae morphologically
resembles
Cucurbitaria
berberidis
and
C. oromediterranea in having similar ascomata, asci and
ascospore characters (Fig. 17). However, Cucurbitaria
berberidis and C. oromediterranea are phylogenetically
apart from our new isolate (Fig. 16). Astragalicola vasilyevae has a close phylogenetic affinity to Allocucurbitaria
botulispora and Seltsamia ulmi. Allocucurbitaria botulispora is only known from their asexual morph and differs
from the asexual morph of Astragalicola (see Jaklitsch
et al. 2018). Astragalicola vasilyevae differs from Seltsamia ulmi in having smaller ascospores with much fewer
septa than S. ulmi.
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Phaeocryptopus nudus CBS 268.37
Rhizosphaera oudemansii rhoubc
Plowrightia abietis ATCC 24339
70/-Rhizosphaera oudemansii 184813
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii ATCC 26605
Plowrightia periclymeni Bb-DR-g
Plowrightia
periclymeni Bb-DG-e
99/1.00
Plowrightia periclymeni Bb-DR-j
95/1.00
Plowrightia periclymeni 178096
91/-- Delphinella strobiligena AFTOL-ID 1257
Delphinella strobiligena CBS 735.71
99/1.00
Sydowia polyspora CBS 116.29
Rhizosphaera pini 64367
Endoconidioma populi UAMH 10297
Coniozyma leucospermi CBS 111289
99/1.00
Endoconidioma populi IRAN2350C
Endoconidioma populi IRAN2351C
Endoconidioma populi UAMH 10902
Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0821
Neocylindroseptoria pistaciae CBS 471.69
98/1.00 Dothidea insculpta CBS 189.58
Dothidea insculpta MFUCC 13-0686
Dothidea sambuci DAOM 231303
Stylodothis puccinioides CBS 193.58
98/1.00
Plowrightia ribesia MFLU 14-0040
Plowrightia ribesia MFLUCC 13-0670
Dothidea muelleri CBS 191.58
100/1.00
Dothidea berberidis CBS 186.58
82/1.00
Dothidea hippophaeos CBS 188.58
85/0.98
Coleophoma crateriformis CBS 473.69
Coleophoma oleae CBS 615.72
70/-- Dothiora cannabinae CBS 737.71
Dothiora elliptica CBS 736.71
Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae CBS 477.69
Neophaeocryptopus cytisi MFLUCC 14-0970
Pringsheimia smilacis CBS 873.71
98/1.00 Pseudosydowia eucalypti CPC:14028
Pseudosydowia eucalypti CPC14927i
Saccothecium rubi MFLUCC 14-1171
Saccothecium sepincola MFLU 14−0276
Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2826
Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2824
Aureobasidium proteae CPC 2825
100/1.00 Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 584.75
Kabatiella lini CBS 125.21
99/1.00
Discosphaerina fagi CBS 171.93
100/1.00
Aureobasidium leucospermi CPC 15181
95/1.00
Aureobasidium leucospermi CPC 15180
91/1.00
Selenophoma
mahoniae CBS 388.92
99/1.00
Kabatiella caulivora CBS 242.64
94/1.00
Kabatiella microsticta CBS 114.64
70/-Pseudoseptoria obscura CBS 135103
100/1.00
Pseudoseptoria collariana CBS 135104
Selenophoma linicola CBS 468.48
Selenophoma australiensis CBS124776
Celosporium larixicola UAMH 11008
Elsinoe phaseoli CBS 150.27
Elsinoaceae (Outgroup)
Elsinoe veneta CBS 165.31
Saccotheciaceae
Dothideaceae
26
100/1.00
100/1.00
0.03
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 11 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU SSU and ITS sequenced data of Dothideales.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-eight strains
are analyzed, which comprise 2054 characters with gaps. Single gene
analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability
compared from combinbed gene analyses. Elsinoë veneta (CBS
165.31) and E. phaseoli (CBS 150.27) are used as the outgroup taxa.
Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best
scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 7497.136118
is presented. The matrix had 412 distinct alignment patterns, with
29.03% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.254834, C = 0.214457, G = 0.283420, T =
0.247289; substitution rates AC = 1.389450, AG = 2.303767, AT =
1.574466, CG = 0.424209, CT = 6.478978, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.576909. Bootstrap support values
for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 70%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated
sequence is in blue
27
Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycological Research 113 (4): 516 (2009)
Notes: We follow the classification of Chen et al.
(2015a) in the study.
Epicoccum Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 8: 32 (1815)
Notes: Epicoccum is one of the species-rich genera in
Didymellaceae and includes 105 and 134 taxon epithets
listed in MycoBank and Index Fungorum respectively.
Most taxa lack molecular data and although numerous
Epicoccum species have been described, based on different
host plants and variation in conidial sizes, but most should
be reduced to synonymy. Epicoccum has both
coelomycetous and hyphomycetous synanamorphs (Chen
et al. 2015a) which are characterized by pycnidial conid-
Fig. 12 Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae (TASM 6106, holotype). a Appearance of conidiomata on fruit of Hissar rose. b Vertical section of
conidioma. c Developing stages of conidia on conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 50 lm, c, d = 10 lm
123
28
Fig. 13 Angustimassarina quercicola (MFLU 15-1026). a–b Ascomata. c Cross section of ascoma. d Close up of the peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–j Asci. k–m Ascospores. n Germinating
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
ascospore. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b–c = 100 lm, d = 10 lm, e =
5 lm, f–j = 20 lm, k–n = 10 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
iomata with hyaline conidia and dark sporodochia with
branched conidiophores and mono- to polyblastic, verruculose, dictyoconidia (Seifert et al. 2011) respectively. In a
recent study, Jayasiri et al. (2017) introduced the first
record of a sexual morph in this genus (Fig. 18).
Epicoccum rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554129; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03966; Fig. 19.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-3639.
Saprobic on Rosa spines. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 70–120 high 9 90–
130 lm diam. (
x = 88.5 9 108.7 lm, n = 6), pycnidial,
globose to subglobose, or irregularly-shaped, immersed,
solitary or confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with brown
to hyaline cells. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous,
multi-layered, 10–20 lm thick, outer wall brown, hyaline
towards inner layer. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline,
smooth, ampulliform, globose to flask-shaped. Conidia 4–7
9 2–3 lm (
x = 5.4 9 2.7 lm, n = 30), variable in shape
and size, hyaline, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled,
ellipsoidal to oblong, sometimes slightly curved. Synasexual morph: Sporodochia brownish to black, scattered
or aggregated. Stromata 60–120 lm high 9 40–70 lm
diam. (
x = 85 9 52 lm, n = 6), hemispherical to spherical,
composed of brown to reddish-brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Chlamydospores 22–35 9 15–30 lm (
x =
24.9 9 21.9 lm, n = 30), variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary, verrucose or incidentally
tuberculate, pale brown to dark brown, muriform.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near
Ortignano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae), 11 November 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2683
(MFLU 15-3639, holotype). ibid. IT 2639 (MFLU
15-3240).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828899, MG828900, LSU:
MG829009, MG829010.
Notes: Phylogeny recovered in this study (for a concatenated dataset of LSU, ITS, BTUB and RPB2) as well
as our morphological characters such as pycnidial conidiomata with hyaline conidia and hyphomycetous dark
sporodochia with branched conidiophores and verruculose,
muriform chlamydospores support our new species within
the genus Epicoccum. Even though there are numerous
Epicoccum species described from different host plants,
there is no record from Rosa verified in fungal databases
such like USDA (http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases).
We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated
DNA directly from the fruiting bodies.
29
Neoascochyta Q. Chen & L. Cai, Studies in Mycology 82:
198 (2015)
Notes: Chen et al. (2015a) introduced Neoascochyta
which closely resembles Ascochyta, but is phylogenetically
distinct in multi-gene analyses. Currently this genus comprises nine species viz. Neoascochyta adenii, N. argentina,
N. desmazieri, N. europaea, N. exitialis, N. graminicola,
N. paspali, N. soli and N. triticicola. In this study, we
introduce N. rosicola as a new species (Fig. 20).
Neoascochyta rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554130; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03967; Fig. 21.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1046.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 56–116 9
142–233 lm diam. (
x = 89 9 180 lm, n = 5), an acervulus,
semi-immersed to erumpent, separate, scattered, dark
brown to black, saucer-shaped, flat at base, unilocular.
Pycnidial wall 17–44 lm, thin-walled merging with host
tissues, composed of textura angularis and textura globulosa with light brown cells bearing conidiogenous cells.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 6–11 9 3–4 lm (
x = 8 9 4 lm, n = 20),
holoblastic, annelidic, determinate, discrete, solitary,
oblong, formed from inner cells of acervulus wall, brown at
base, hyaline at the apex. Conidia 9–16 9 3–5 lm (
x = 13
9 4 lm, n = 50), hyaline, brown at maturity, broad-fusiform, slightly conical towards both ends, constricted at the
septa, with 1 longitudinal septum, smooth-walled.
Culture character: Colonies on PDA 20 mm diam. after
4 weeks at 16 °C, cream to greyish; reverse black at the
center, radiating grey towards the edge, medium dense,
circular, umbonate, fimbriate, fairly fluffy, not producing
pigments.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: Italy, Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Tontola di
Predappio, on dried spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 4
April 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2242 (MFLU 15-1046,
holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0048.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828921, LSU: MG829031,
RPB2: MG829258.
Notes: Neoascochyta rosicola has a close phylogenetic
affinity to N. argentina and N. triticicola in our phylogeny
analyses. Morphologically, it differs from them in producing one septate conidia, while N. argentina and N. triticicola have aseptate conidia.
Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 15 (2):
128 (1953)
123
30
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Lophiostoma caulium KT604
Coelodictyosporium muriforme MFLUCC 13-0351
99/98/1.00
Lophiostoma macrostomum HHUF 27290
100/98/1.00
Platystomum crataegi MFLUCC 14-0925
Lophiostomataceae
86/91/1.00
Lophiostoma compressum MFLUCC 13-0343
100/100/1.00
Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 14-0993
100/100/1.00
Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 13-0442
Lophiostoma
caulium KT794
100/100/1.00
Lophiostoma caulium KT573
Curreya proteae CBS 122675
100/95/1.00
Curreya grandicipis CPC 1852
90/--/1.00
100/100/1.00 Teichospora rubriostiolata TR7
Teichospora rubriostiolata TR5
Floricolaceae/
Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 10-0126
82/--/1.00
Teichosporaceae
100/100/1.00
Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284
100/100/1.00
Misturatosphaeria minima GKM 169N
Floricola striata JK 5678I
Decaisnella formosa BCC 25617
Angustimassarina lonicerae MFLUCC 15-0088
Angustimassarina arezzoensis MFLUCC 13-0578
Angustimassarina lonicerae MFLUCC 15-0087
Angustimassarina alni MFLUCC 15-0184
Angustimassarina rosarum MFLUCC 15-0080
Massarina corticola CBS 154.93
Exosporium stylobatum CBS 160.30
Amorosiaceae
Angustimassarina premilcurensis MFLUCC 15-0074
Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034
100/100/1.00
Angustimassarina italica MFLUCC 15-008
--/--/0.95
Angustimassarina quercicola MFLUCC 15-0079
Angustimassarina
quercicola MFLUCC 14-0506
98/83/1.00
Angustimassarina coryli MFLUCC 14-0981
Angustimassarina acerina MFLUCC 14-0505
Amorosia littoralis NN 6654
--/100/1.00
Westerdykella
cylindrica
CBS 454.72
100/100/1.00
76/63/-Eremodothis angulata CBS 610.74
Sporormiaceae
Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74
Preussia minima AFTOL-ID 1256
Camarographium carpini CBS 128781
Halotthia posidoniae BBH 22481
100/100/1.00
Halotthiaceae
Mauritiana rhizophorae BCC 28866
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080
Melanommataceae (Out group)
100/96/1.00
0.02
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 14 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF partial sequence data.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Hyde et al.
(2017). Fourty-one strains are included in the combined LSU, SSU,
ITS and TEF sequence analyses, which comprise 3,483 characters
with gaps (918 for LSU, 1037 for SSU, 566 for ITS and 961 for TEF).
Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade
stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma
pulvis-pyrius (Melanommataceae) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the
Bayesian analysis. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final
likelihood value of - 13631.773328 is presented. The matrix had
1069 distinct alignment patterns, with 28.08% of undetermined
characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A =
0.245086, C = 0.247724, G= 0.271028, T = 0.236162; substitution
rates AC = 1.033805, AG = 2.426200, AT = 1.587337, CG =
1.164934, CT = 8.154697, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape
parameter a = 0.545004. The maximum parsimonious dataset
consisted of 3483 characters, which 2670 were constant, 597
parsimony-informative and 216 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of
thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 1710 steps
(CI = 0.609, RI = 0.805, RC = 0.490, HI = 0.391) in the first tree.
Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater
than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the
nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
Notes: We follow the classification of Ariyawansa et al.
(2014) and Hyde et al. (2017) in the study.
Paraconiothyrium Verkley, Studies in Mycology 50 (2):
327 (2004)
Notes: Paraconiothyrium was introduced by Verkley
et al. (2004) to accommodate the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans and four new species, viz. P. estuarinum,
P. brasiliense, P. cyclothyrioides and P. fungicola. The
sexual morphs of these species are undetermined. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and SSU nrDNA sequences
in Verkley et al. (2004) showed that Paraconiothyrium
belongs in Pleosporales. Paraconiothyrium species are
ubiquitous soil fungi and are used as biocontrol agents,
potential bioremediators and antibiotic producers.
Paraconiothyrium rosae Senan., Wanas., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554131; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03968, Fig. 22.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15–1115
Pathogenic on spines and stems of Rosa canina L.
Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 140–150 9 100–145 lm, pycnidial, solitary,
superficial to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose, dark
brown. Peridium comprising 5–10 cell-layers of thickwalled, hyaline to pale brown cells of textura angularis.
Conidiophores
reduced
to
conidiogenous
cells.
31
Conidiogenous cells 6–12 9 1.5–2 lm, conical to subulate
or subcylindrical, doliiform, broadly or elongated ampulliform, sometimes with a long neck, phialidic with periclinal wall thickening or with one or more percurrent
proliferations near the apex. Conidia 3–3.5 9 2–2.5 lm,
hyaline, subcylindrical to ellipsoidal, both ends obtuse,
1-celled, smooth-walled.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena,
Civitella di Romagna, near Giaggiolo, on dead aerial spines
of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 28 January 2015, Erio
Camporesi, IT 2359 (MFLU 15-1115, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828932, LSU: MG829041,
SSU: MG829147.
Notes: Notes: Paraconiothyrium rosae is a saprobic
species distinct from other soil inhabiting species by its
hyaline conidia and absence of conidiophores. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated LSU, SSU, ITS and
TEF sequence data indicates that P. rosae clusters near to
other Paraconiothyrium species with no support value
(Clade C, Fig. 23). We did not obtain an isolate and
therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting
bodies.
Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss., Arkiv før Botanik 6
(4–5): 405 (1967)
Notes: Eriksson (1967) introduced Paraphaeosphaeria
to accommodate four species with oblong-cylindric
ascospores (i.e. P. castagnei, P. michotii, P. obtusispora,
and P. rusci). The exact familial placement of this genus
was confusing due to lack of molecular data. Subsequently,
Ariyawansa et al. (2014) epitypified Paraphaeosphaeria
michotii from a fresh collection and the placement of
Paraphaeosphaeria was confirmed in Didymosphaeriaceae
(=Montagnulaceae). Currently there are 39 species epithets
listed in Paraphaeosphaeria in Index Fungorum (2017,
December) and they have been recorded from 85 different
hosts worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2017). Most of these
records are from Agave, Juncus, Ruscus and Yucca species
and in this study, we introduce three taxa as the first record
of Paraphaeosphaeria from Rosa.
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss.,
Arkiv før Botanik 6 (4–5): 405 (1967)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03969; Figs. 24 and 25.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Ascomata 170–264 lm high 9 145–254 lm diam. (
x = 224
9 215 lm, n = 5), black, semi-immersed to immersed,
partly erumpent, gregarious, globose, uniloculate. Ostiolar
neck papillate, filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 8–25 lm
wide at the sides, outermost layer comprising reddishbrown to dark brown, thick-walled, loosely packed cells of
textura angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, flattened,
thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
123
32
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 15 Angustimassarina rosarum (MFLU 15-1477, holotype). a–
b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma.
d Section of peridium. e Ostiole. f–g Asci. h–l Ascospores. m Germinated spore. Scale bars: a–b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–e = 10 lm, f–
g = 20 lm, h–m = 5 lm
comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous,
branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 64–89 9 10–
14 lm (
x = 72 9 12 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, rounded at the
apex and with a shallow ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–20
9 4–7 lm (
x = 16 9 5 lm, n = 50), overlapping, biseriate,
narrowly fusiform, with 1–2 septa, hyaline and guttulate at
the beginning, becoming brown at maturity, rounded at the
ends, rough-walled, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when
dry. Asexual morph Conidiomata 130–200 high 9 100–
150 lm diam. (
x = 153 9 121 lm, n = 10) pycnidial,
globose to subglobose, erumpent, solitary or confluent.
Ostioles papillate, opening with a pore. Pycnidial wall 3–5layered, 8–22 lm diam, comprising cells of textura angularis, outer wall brown, hyaline towards inner layer.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–6 9 2–6 lm (
x = 5 9 4 lm, n = 20, cells
lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform,
phialidic, with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia 5–10 9 2–4 lm (
x = 7.9 9
3.4 lm, n = 50), solitary or rarely 1-septate, golden brown,
ellipsoid with obtuse ends, thick-walled, roughened.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province
[FC], near San Benedetto in Alpe, on dried aerial spines of
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 21 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2186 (MFLU 15-1042), ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 15-0043. ibid. IT 2184 (MFLU 15-1041), extype living culture, MFLUCC 15-0041.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828933, MG828934, LSU:
MG829042, MG829043, SSU: MG829148, MG829149.
Notes: During our investigation of saprobic fungi in
Italy, two isolates (from a sexual morph, MFLUCC
15-0043 and from an asexual morph, MFLUCC 15-0041)
were recovered from Rosa canina in Forlı̀-Cesena Province. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses reveal that, these
two strains group with Paraphaeosphaeria michotii
(MFLUCC 13-0349) as a monophyletic clade (Subclade
A1, Fig. 23), which received strong bootstrap support. Our
sexual morph or asexual morph descriptions of our new
isolates did not differ with the morphological definitions of
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii and hence considered our
species to be the same.
33
Paraphaeosphaeria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554132; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03970; Fig. 26.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-2640.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 100–130
high 9 150–250 lm diam. (
x = 111.5 9 196.4 lm, n = 10)
pycnidial, globose to subglobose, immersed, solitary or
confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with hyaline cells.
Pycnidial wall 8–15 lm with, comprising 2 layers, outer
most layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising
reddish-brown to dark brown, flattened cells of textura
angularis, inner layer composed hyaline, loosely packed,
thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining
the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic,
with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at
apex. Conidia 7–9 9 4.5–6 lm (
x = 8.3 9 5.4 lm, n = 30),
1-septate, brown, oval to ellipsoid with rounded ends,
thick-walled, roughened.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Sweden.
Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Tjäarnöo, Bohuslän, 58°530 54.000 N 11°020 23.000 E, on spines of
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 19 June 2017, E.B.G. Jones
GJ386A (MFLU 17-2640, holotype), Ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-2547, ibid. GJ386C (MFLU 17-2641),
isotype living culture MFLUCC 17-2548. ibid. GJ387
(MFLU 17-2642), paratype living culture MFLUCC
17-2549.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828935, MG828936,
MG828937, LSU: MG829044, MG829045, MG829046,
SSU: MG829150, MG829151, MG829152, TEF:
MG829222, MG829223.
Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of
microfungi in Sweden, three isolates were recovered from
Rosa spines in Koster Islands. Morphological characters
such as conidiophores, smooth, ampulliform, phialidic,
conidiogenous cells and 1-septate, brown, oval to ellipsoid
conidia, fit well within the species concept of Paraphaeosphaeria. In our phylogenetic study, our strains
cluster with P. rosacearum (Subclade A2, Fig. 23). A
comparison of the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides with
P. rosacearum with our new strains reveals 10 (2.42%)
number of differences that justifies establishment of a new
taxon (Jeewon & Hyde 2016). We therefore identify our
isolates (MFLUCC 17-2547, MFLUCC 17-2548 and
MFLUCC 17-2549) as P. rosae sp. nov.
Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Neocucurbitaria rhamni C133
Neocucurbitaria rhamni C190
100/1.00
Neocucurbitaria rhamni C112
100/1.00
Neocucurbitaria rhamni CBS 142391
Neocucurbitaria rhamni C277
91/0.99
99/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides C222
85/1.00 Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides C223
99/1.00
Neocucurbitaria rhamnioides CBS 142395
99/1.00
Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola CBS 142396
Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola KRx
100/1.00
Neocucurbitaria ribicola C155
Neocucurbitaria ribicola CBS 142394
96/-- Neocucurbitaria acerina C26a
70/0.95
99/1.00
Neocucurbitaria acerina CBS 142403
78/0.96
Neocucurbitaria acerina MFLUCC 16-1450
Neocucurbitaria quercina CBS 115095
61/-Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis CBS 111112
Neocucurbitaria irregularis CBS 142791
Neocucurbitaria keratinophila CBS 121759
Neocucurbitaria aquatica CBS 297.74
Neocucurbitaria vachelliae CBS 142397
100/1.00 Neocucurbitaria aetnensis CBS 142404
99/1.00
Neocucurbitaria aetnensis C270
100/1.00
62/0.95
Neocucurbitaria cinereae CBS 142406
Neocucurbitaria acanthocladae CBS 142398
66/-- Neocucurbitaria cava CBS 115979
64/-Neocucurbitaria juglandicola CBS 142390
99/1.00
Neocucurbitaria populi CBS 142393
100/1.00
Neocucurbitaria cava CBS 257.68
100/0.96
Neocucurbitaria cisticola CBS 142402
Neocucurbitaria hakeae CBS 142109
Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CB3
Cucurbitaria oromediterranea C29
88/0.99
Cucurbitaria oromediterranea C86
Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CB2
100/1.00
Cucurbitaria oromediterranea CBS 142399
100/1.00
Cucurbitaria
oromediterranea C265
100/1.00
Cucurbitaria berberidis CB
84/1.00 Cucurbitaria berberidis CBS 394.84
99/1.00 Cucurbitaria berberidis MFLUCC 11-0384
Cucurbitaria berberidis C39
Cucurbitaria berberidis CBS 142401
Parafenestella mackenziei MFLUCC 16-1451
78/1.00
Parafenestella pseudoplatani CBS 142392
80/1.00
Parafenestella ostryae MFLUCC 17-0097
Fenestella fenestrata CBS 143001
99/1.00
Allocucurbitaria botulispora CBS 142452
Seltsamia ulmi CBS 143002
98/1.00
Astragalicola vasilyevae MFLUCC 17-0832 Clade A
Astragalicola
Astragalicola amorpha CBS 142999
93/1.00 Paracucurbitaria italica CBS 234.92
Paracucurbitaria corni CBS 248.79
Pyrenochaeta nobilis CBS 407.76
99/1.00
Protofenestella ulmi CBS 114122
Protofenestella ulmi CBS 143000
Cucitella opali CBS 142405
Staurosphaeria rhamnicola MFLUCC 17-0814
Coniothyriaceae (Outgroup)
Staurosphaeria lycii MFLUCC 17-0210
Cucurbitariaceae
64/1.00
100/1.00
100/1.00
0.02
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 16 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF, BTUB and SSU
sequenced data of Cucurbitariaceae. Related sequences were
obtained from Wanasinghe et al. (2015) and Jaklitsch et al. (2018).
Fifty-eight strains are included in the analyses, which comprise 5717
characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and
topology and clade stability compared with combined gene analyses.
Staurosphaeria lycii and S. rhamnicola (Coniothyriaceae) are used as
the outgroup taxa. Tree topology generated under the maximumlikelihood analysis was similar to the MP and Bayesian analyses. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 26754.401591 is presented. The matrix had 1390 distinct alignment
patterns, with 34.75% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.238553, C = 0.260973, G=
0.265017, T = 0.235457; substitution rates AC = 1.531370, AG =
5.180226, AT = 1.489073, CG = 1.260964, CT = 8.703314, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.876827. The
maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 2293 characters, which
2017 were constant, 234 parsimony-informative and 42 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a
length of 676 steps (CI = 0.556, RI = 0.776, RC = 0.432, HI = 0.444)
in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP
equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are
given above the nodes. Thee newly generated sequence is in blue
Index Fungorum number: IF554133; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03971; Fig. 27.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0108.
Saprobic on dried spine of on Rosa canina. Sexual
morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Conidiomata 89–
240 high 9 133–200 lm diam. (
x = 155 9 167 lm, n = 6),
pycnidial, globose to subglobose, immersed, solitary or
confluent. Ostioles apapillate, filled with hyaline cells.
Pycnidial wall 11–29 lm (at apex) wide, outermost layer
heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddishbrown to dark brown, flattened cells of textura angularis,
inner layer composed hyaline, loosely packed, thin-walled
cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–8 9 1–8 lm (
x
= 4 9 4 lm, n = 30), cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, ampulliform, phialidic with periclinal thickening
or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia 7–14 9 4–
9 lm (
x = 12 9 6 lm, n = 40), 1-septate, brown, oval to
ellipsoid with narrowly rounded ends, thick-walled,
roughened.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province
[FC], near Premilcuore, on dried aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 20 October 2014, Erio Camporesi,
IT 2185 (MFLU 18-0108, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0042.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828938, LSU: MG829047,
SSU: MG829153.
35
Notes: See the notes under Paraphaeosphaeria rosae.
Pseudocamarosporium Wijayaw. & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (2): 185 (2014)
Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2014b) introduced Pseudocamarosporium to accommodate P. propinquum
(:Camarosporium propinquum) as the type species and
another four species viz. P. corni, P. lonicerae, P. piceae
and P. tilicola. Phylogenetically Pseudocamarosporium
shows close affinity to Paracamarosporium, nevertheless
they are morphologically distinct (Wijayawardene et al.
2014b). Currently, there are eleven associated records listed in MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org, September
2017). In this study we introduce another novel taxon to
Pseudocamarosporium which was collected from Ptelea in
Russia.
Pseudocamarosporium pteleae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554134; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03972; Fig. 28.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Ptelea.
Holotype: MFLU 16-1680.
Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead twigs and
branches of Ptelea trifolata. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 400–
500 lm high, 300–400 lm diam (
x = 445.8 9 373.4 lm, n
= 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes
scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated
wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate
ostiolate. Ostiole central, long, smooth, ostiolar canal filled
with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multilayered, 10–15 lm wide at the base, 15–25 lm wide at the
sides, thick, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily
pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the
inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline,
thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia 10–16 9 6–9 lm
(
x = 13.64 9 7.46 lm; n = 20), oval, straight to slightly
curved, rounded at both ends, 3-transverse septate, with 1
longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to
blackish-brown.
Known distribution: On Ptelea trifoliata, Russia
(European part, Rostov region).
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky District, Donskoye forestry, artificial forest,
underwood, on twigs of Ptelea trifoliata L. (Rutaceae), 6
April 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov T-1386 (MFLU 16-1680,
holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0724
(Fig. 29).
123
36
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 17 Astragalicola vasilyevae (TASM 6107, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–m = 10 lm
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
37
Epicoccum nigrum LC 8158
Epicoccum nigrum LC 5180
Epicoccum
nigrum LC 8157
94/91/1.00
Epicoccum
nigrum
CBS 173.73T
74/66/0.98
Epicoccum nigrum CBS 125.82
77/69/0.99
Epicoccum nigrum LC 8159
Epicoccum poae LC 8161
93/87/0.99
Epicoccum poae CGMCC 3.18363T
Epicoccum poae LC 8162
91/87/1.00 Epicoccum rosae MFLU 15-3239
82/64/0.97
Epicoccum rosae MFLU 15-3639T
Epicoccum latusicollum CGMCC 3.18362T
100/98/1.00
Epicoccum dendrobii CGMCC 3.18359T
100/99/1.00
Epicoccum dendrobii LC 8146
100/100/1.00 Epicoccum italicum LC 8151
96/99/1.00
Epicoccum italicum CGMCC 3.18361T
Epicoccum mackenziei MFLUCC 16-0335T
100/100/1.00
Epicoccum pimprinum PD 77/1028
Epicoccum pimprinum CBS 246.60T
100/100/1.00 Epicoccum hordei LC 8149
Epicoccum hordei CGMCC 3.18360T
95/93/1.00 Epicoccum camelliae LC 4862
97/91/1.00 Epicoccum camelliae CGMCC 3.18343T
84/--/1.00
Epicoccum viticis CGMCC 3.18344T
Epicoccum viticis BRIP 29294
Epicoccum sorghinum CBS 179.80
100/100/1.00 Epicoccum sorghinum CBS 627.68
Epicoccum sorghinum LC 4860
100/100/1.00
Epicoccum latusicollum LC 4859
Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8152
Epicoccum latusicollum CGMCC 3.18346T
98/--/-- Epicoccum latusicollum LC 5124
Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8153
Epicoccum latusicollum LC 8154
Epicoccum huancayense CBS 105.80T
Epicoccum plurivorum CBS 558.81T
98/97/1.00
Epicoccum henningsii CBS 104.80R
98/97/1.00
Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83R
Epicoccum brasiliense CBS 120105T
100/100/1.00 Epicoccum duchesneae LC 8147
Epicoccum duchesneae CGMCC 3.18345T
Boeremia exigua var. heteromorpha CBS 443.94T
Epicoccum
100/98/1.00
0.01
Fig. 18 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, ITS, TUB and RPB2 partial sequence data.
Related sequences were obtained from Chen et al. (2015a). Fourtytwo strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which
comprise 2770 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also
performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Boeremia exigua var. heteromorpha (CBS
443.94) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML
analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree
with a final likelihood value of - 8588.896456 is presented. The
matrix had 428 distinct alignment patterns, with 17.37% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows;
A = 0.241816, C = 0.241046, G= 0.274292, T = 0.242846;
substitution rates AC = 1.769202, AG = 5.134244, AT = 1.819707,
CG = 1.068159, CT = 13.093712, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.552544. The maximum parsimonious
dataset consisted of 2770 characters, which 2362 were constant, 298
parsimony-informative and 110 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in the maximum of two
equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 903 steps (CI =
0.595, RI = 0.824, RC = 0.490, HI = 0.405) in the first tree. Bootstrap
support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%,
BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above or below the
nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
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38
Fig. 19 Epicoccum rosae (MFLU 15-3639, holotype). a, b Appearance of black sporodochia on the host. c Section of conidioma. d,
e Conidia and conidiogenous cells. f Conidia. g Sporodochia. h–
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
k Chlamydospores (Note the rough surface in g). Scale bars: a =
500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d–f = 5 lm, g–k = 10 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
39
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 389.86
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 118.40
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 113693
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 110124
100/99/1.00
61/61/--
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 812.84
Neoascochyta exitialis CBS 811.84
T
100/94/1.00 Neoascochyta europaea CBS 820.84
Neoascochyta europaea CBS 819.84
100/100/1.00
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 301.69
Neoascochyta
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 816.84
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 102789R
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 815.84
68/63/0.95
98/61/--
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 447.82
Neoascochyta graminicola CBS 586.79
86/100/1.00
80/96/-78/88/1.00
Neoascochyta argentina CBS 112524T
Neoascochyta rosicola MFLUCC 15-0048T
Neoascochyta triticicola CBS 544.74T
Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 247.79
100/100/1.00
Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 297.69T
Neoascochyta desmazieri CBS 758.97
84/66/-100/100/1.00
Neoascochyta soli CGMCC 3.18365T
Neoascochyta soli LC 8166
Neoascochyta paspali CBS 560.81T
Neodidymelliopsis cannabis CBS 234.37
0.02
Fig. 20 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, ITS, TUB and RPB2 partial sequence data.
Related sequences were obtained from Chen et al. (2015a). Twentyfour strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which
comprise 3021 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also
performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neodidymelliopsis cannabis (CBS 234.37) is
used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was
similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final
likelihood value of - 7736.095672 is presented. The matrix had 271
distinct alignment patterns, with 30.75% undetermined characters or
gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.247406, C =
0.228028, G= 0.282039, T = 0.242527; substitution rates AC =
2.730510, AG = 8.546535, AT = 2.536069, CG = 1.274615, CT =
22.136727, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
1.022746. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of, which
2564 were constant, 288 parsimony-informative and 169 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of six equally most parsimonious trees with a length of
735 steps (CI = 0.727, RI = 0.750, RC = 0.545, HI = 0.273) in the first
tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to or
greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above
or below the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG829153, LSU: MG829061,
SSU: MG829166, TEF: MG829233.
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of
camarosporium-like fungi in Russia, an isolate was collected from Ptelea trifoliata in the Rostov Region of
Russia. Morphological characters such as pycnidial, globose conidiomata, ampulliform conidiogenous cells and
brown muriform conidia (Fig. 30), fit well within the
species concept of Camarosporium. DNA sequence analyses from the ribosomal and protein genes confirm that our
new taxon belongs in Didymosphaeriaceae with a particular close relationship with Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae (MFLUCC 13-0532) and P. corni (MFLUCC
13-0541) (Clade B, Fig. 23). Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae, P. corni and our new isolate are morphologically
almost similar in conidial dimensions. However, in a
comparison of the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides with these
three strains reveals 11 (2.46%) differences that justifies
the establishment of a new taxon (Jeewon and Hyde 2016).
Also, this is the first record of a camarosporium-like taxon
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40
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 21 Neoascochyta rosicola (MFLU 15-1046, holotype). a On
spines of Rosa canina. b Close up of conidiomata. c Vertical section
through the conidioma wall. d Partial conidioma wall. e–g Developing
stages of conidiogenous cells. i–k Conidia. Scale bar: b = 500 lm, c =
200 lm, d = 20 lm, e–k = 5 lm
from Ptelea (Rutaceae). We introduce our new isolate
(MFLUCC 17-0724) as a new species, Pseudocamarosporium pteleae.
outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising
blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed
of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled, cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidia 14–17 9 6–9 lm (
x = 15.5 9 7.1 lm; n = 20),
oval, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, with
3 transverse septa, with 1-longitudinal septum, muriform,
smooth-walled, brown to blackish-brown.
Known distribution: On Ulmus minor, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province
[FC], Teodorano—Meldola, on dead aerial branches of
Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae), 21 October 2016, Erio
Camporesi IT 3134 (MFLU 16-2707, holotype); ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 17-0671.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828951, LSU: MG829062,
SSU: MG829167.
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of
camarosporium-like fungi in Italy, an isolate was collected
from Ulmus minor species in Forli-Cesena Province.
Morphological characters such as pycnidial, globose
Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554135; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03973; Fig. 29.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host species
Ulmus minor.
Holotype: MFLU 16-2707.
Saprobic on dead branches of Ulmus minor. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata
pycnidial, 200–300 lm high, 220–350 lm diam. (
x = 235.5
9 264.1 lm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black,
immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm
or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole central, long,
smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown
cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 10–15 lm wide at the
base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2 layers,
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
41
Fig. 22 Paraconiothyrium rosae (MFLU 15-1115, holotype). a Conidiomata on spike of host. b–c Close-up of conidiomata. d Cross
section of conidiomata. e Peridium. f–g Conidiophores,
conidiogenous cells and conidia. h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm,
c = 200 lm, b, d = 100 lm, e–h = 10 lm
conidiomata, ampulliform conidiogenous cells and brown
muriform conidia (Fig. 29), fit well within the species
concept of Camarosporium. DNA sequence analyses from
the ribosomal and protein genes confirm that our new taxon
belongs to Pseudocamarosporium in Didymosphaeriaceae.
Our new isolate (MFLUCC 17-0671) shares a close relationship with Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae (MFLUCC
13-0532), P. corni (MFLUCC 13-0541) and P. pteleae
(MFLUCC 17-0724) (Clade B, Fig. 23). In a comparison of
the 446 ITS (?5.8S) nucleotides of these four strains
reveals[10 (2.42%), the number of differences justifies the
establishment of a new taxon (Jeewon and Hyde 2016).
Therefore, we propose MFLUCC 17-0671 as a new species
in Pseudocamarosporium.
Pseudopithomyces Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75: 64 (2015)
Notes: Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Pseudopithomyces to accommodate pithomyces-like taxa which
group in Didymosphaeriaceae in their multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Currently there are eight species epithets
listed in Index Fungorum (2017, December) i.e. Pseudopithomyces atro-olivaceus, P. chartarum, P. diversisporus,
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Didymosphareaceae
97/100/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 15-0041
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 130349T
91/79/1.00
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC 15-0043
93/95/1.00
Paraphaeosphaeria angularis CBS 167.70T
100/100/1.00
A1
Paraphaeosphaeria minitans CBS 859.71
84/77/1.00
Paraphaeosphaeria minitans CBS 111750
Paraphaeosphaeria
100/97/1.00 Karstenula rhodostoma CBS 690.94
91/93/1.00
Karstenula rhodostoma CBS 691.94
Clade A
93
100/99/1.00 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 17-2548
Paraphaeosphaeria
rosae
MFLUCC
17-2549
80/85/1.00
A2
Paraphaeosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 17-2547T
Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola MFLUCC 15-0042T
Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii CBS 100299
82/80/0.95 Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii MFLUCC 14-0023T
Didymosphaeria
Didymosphaeria sp. CBS 587.84
Pseudocamarosporium lonicerae MFLUCC 13-0532T
Pseudocamarosporium pteleae MFLUCC 17-0724T
88/78/1.00
Pseudocamarosporium corni MFLUCC 13-0541T
Pseudocamarosporium
Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris MFLUCC 17-0671T
Pseudocamarosporium propinquum MFLUCC 13-0544
Clade B
74/--/1.00
Pseudocamarosporium cotinae MFLUCC 14-0624T
T
Paracamarosporium psoraleae CPC 21632
Paracamarosporium hawaiiense CBS 120025T
Paracamarosporium
87/68/1.00
Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24892
Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24890
Austropleospora archidendri CBS 168.77
Austropleospora
Austropleospora osteospermi LM-2009aT
100/100/1.00
Paraconiothyrium rosae MFLU 15–1115T
Paraconiothyrium estuarinum CBS 109850T
Paraconiothyrium
Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides CBS 972.95T
Clade C
T
Paraconiothyrium fungicola CBS 113269
Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis KUMCC 16-0222T
Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis YG-S55
Pseudopithomyces chartarum UTHSC 03-2472
99/99/1.00
Pseudopithomyces
Pseudopithomyces chartarum UTHSC 04-678
Pseudopithomyces sp. MUCL 4329
96/91/-Clade D
Pseudopithomyces sp. MUCL 15905
Pseudopithomyces rosae MFLUCC 15-0035T
77/75/-- Phaeodothis winteri CBS 182.58
Paraconiothyrium tiliae CBS 265.94
Didymocrea sadasivanii CBS 438.65T
99/96/0.97 Tremateia guiyangensis GZAAS01T
82/--/0.98
100/100/1.00
Tremateia arundicola MFLU 16-1275T
Tremateia
98/76/-Tremateia halophila JK 5517J
T
Bimuria novae-zelandiae CBS 107.79
Bimuria
100/100/1.00 Deniquelata barringtoniae MFLUCC 11-0257T
Deniquelata
Deniquelata barringtoniae MFLUCC 11-0422
Neokalmusia scabrispora KT 2202
63/60/0.98
Neokalmusia
Neokalmusia brevispora KT 2313T
Neokalmusia didymospora MFLUCC 11-0613T
99/99/1.00 Spegazzinia deightonii yone 212
100/100/1.00
Spegazzinia
Spegazzinia sp. yone 279
Spegazzinia tessarthra SH 287
100/100/1.00 Montagnula scabiosae MFLUCC 14-0954T
68/81/-Montagnula cirsii MFLUCC 13-0680
69/75/0.97
Montagnula bellevaliae MFLUCC 14-0924T
Montagnula opulenta CBS 168.34
99/95/1.00
Montagnula
Montagnula aloes CPC 19671T
Munkovalsaria appendiculata CBS 109027T
T
100/100/1.00 Montagnula saikhuensis MFLUCC 16-0315
Munkovalsaria donacina HVVV01
T
Montagnula graminicola MFLUCC 13-0352
100/100/1.00
Paramassariosphaeria clematidicola MFLU 16-0172T
Paramassariosphaeria
Paramassariosphaeria anthostomoides CBS 615.86
Verrucoconiothyrium
Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae CBS 119209
Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0148
T
99/94/0.99 Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0150
Letendraea
Letendraea padouk CBS485.70
Letendraea helminthicola CBS 884.85
100/100/1.00
Laburnicola muriformis MFLUCC 16-0290T
100/100/1.00
Laburnicola muriformis MFLUCC 14-0921
Laburnicola
Laburnicola hawksworthii MFLUCC 13-0602T
100/100/1.00
Alloconiothyrium aptrootii CBS 981.95
81/--/1.00
Alloconiothyrium
Alloconiothyrium aptrootii CBS 980.95T
Xenocamarosporium
Xenocamarosporium acaciae CPC 24755T
100/100/1.00
Kalmusia italica MFLUCC 14-0560T
65/96/0.95
Kalmusia variisporum CBS 121517T
Kalmusia
Kalmusia ebuli CBS 123120T
Kalmusia spartii MFLUCC 13-0352T
Pleospora herbarum CBS 191.86T
100/--/1.00
Pleospora herbarum IT 956
Pleosporaceae (Outgroup)
0.03
Pleospora tarda CBS 714.68
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 23 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of
Didymosphaeriaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Wanasinghe et al. (2016), Hyde et al. (2017). Eighty-two strains are included
in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3298 characters
with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology
and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses.
Pleospora herbarum and P. tarda are used as the outgroup taxa.
Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 15390.869797 is presented. The matrix had 1026 distinct alignment
patterns, with 37.95% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.241986, C = 0.241676, G=
0.274266, T = 0.242072; substitution rates AC = 1.293418, AG =
2.161965, AT = 1.324360, CG = 0.914128, CT = 7.206408, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.502180. The
maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 3298 characters, which
2494 were constant, 601 parsimony-informative and 203 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of six equally most parsimonious trees with a length of
2088 steps (CI = 0.505, RI = 0.738, RC = 0.372, HI = 0.495) in the
first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP equal to
or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given
above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
P. karoo, P. kunmingnensis, P. maydicus, P. palmicola and
P. sacchari. In this study, we introduce a further species,
Pseudopithomyces rosae.
Pseudopithomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554136; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03974; Fig. 30.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0109.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Undetermined. Asexual morph. Colonies effuse, dark
brown to black. Conidiophores 7–9 9 4–7 lm (
x = 7 9
5 lm, n = 30), micronematous, mononemous, closely
packed, hyaline, thin-walled, septate, smooth, flexuous.
Conidiogenous cells 3–5 9 2–4 lm (
x = 4.5 9 3.2 lm,
n = 20), holoblastic, terminal, hyaline, globose or subglobose. Conidia 13–30 9 9–20 lm (
x = 24 9 14 lm, n =
40), muriform, with 3-transverse septate and 1 longitudinal
septum, verruculose to echinulate, ovoid, thin-walled, pale
brown to dark brown.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
Raggio di Santa Sofia, dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae), 7 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2155
(MFLU 18-0109, holotype), ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 15-0035.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828953, LSU: MG829064,
SSU: MG829168.
43
Notes: Pseudopithomyces rosae resembles P. chartarum
(type sp.) in having micronematous, mononemous conidiophores and muriform conidia. Dimensions of the conidiophores differ as Pseudopithomyces rosae has larger (7–9
9 4–7 lm) conidiophores as compared to P. chartarum
(2–591.5–2.5 lm, Ariyawansa et al. 2015).
Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous
& K.D. Hyde, Studies in Mycology 64: 93 (2009)
Notes: The family Lentitheciaceae was introduced by
Zhang et al. (2012) to accommodate massarina-like species
in the suborder Massarineae and is typified by Lentithecium fluviatile (Zhang et al. 2009a, 2012; Hyde et al.
2013, 2016; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Species of Lentitheciaceae have been reported as being saprobic on herbaceous and woody plants, producing coelomycetous asexual
morphs (Luo et al. 2016; Su et al. 2016). Currently, eleven
genera have been reported viz. Darksidea (Knapp et al.
2015), Katumotoa, Keissleriella, Lentithecium, Murilentithecium (Wanasinghe et al. 2014a), Neoophiosphaerella
(Tanaka et al. 2015), Phragmocamarosporium (Wijayawardene et al. 2015), Poaceascoma (Phookamsak et al.
2015a, b), Setoseptoria (Tanaka et al. 2015), Tingoldiago
(Tanaka et al. 2015) and Towyspora (Li et al. 2016b).
Keissleriella Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I
128: 582 (1919)
Notes: Keissleriella was introduced by Höhnel (1919) to
accommodate Keissleriella aesculi as the type species.
Keissleriella is characterized by ascomata with ostiolar
necks filled with black setae and 1- to multi-septate, hyaline ascospores (Barr 1990; Liu et al. 2015; Tibpromma
et al. 2017). Currently there are 40 associated records in
Index Fungorum (34 from Lentitheciaceae) and MycoBank. In this study we introduce five novel taxa to Keissleriella which were collected from Europe (Italy and UK)
(Fig. 31).
Keissleriella phragmiticola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554137; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03975; Fig. 32.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Phragmites.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0606.
Saprobic on Phragmites communis Trinius. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 400–500 lm high 400–450 lm diam. (
x
= 461.5 9 433.2 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semiimmersed, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose,
uniloculate. Ostiolar neck papillate, 25–50 lm long, 3–
5 lm wide, covered with 1-celled, thick-walled, dark
brown to almost black setae. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at
123
44
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 24 Sexual morph of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (MFLU
15-1042). a On spines of Rosa canina. b Close up of ascomata.
c Ascoma under host epidermal tissue. d Section of ascoma. e Ostiole.
f Partial part of peridium layer. The peridium comprising textura
angularis. g Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, h–k Developing state of asci
with short pedicels. l–o Developing state of ascospores. n Ascospore
stained with Indian ink showing mucilaginous sheath. Scale bar: b–c
= 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–g = 50 lm, h–k = 20 lm, l–p = 10 lm
the base, 30–80 lm wide at the sides, thick, comprising 8–
12 layers, outer most layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed
cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed 3–5 layers,
pale brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter,
flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
120–160 9 16–20 lm (
x = 142.2917.4 lm, n = 40), 8-
spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical,
short-pedicellate, rounded at the apex and with a shallow
ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–50 9 7–11 lm (
x =
40.998.7 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, narrowly
fusiform, with a nearly median primary septum, deeply
constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical
and narrowly rounded at the ends, with 2–3 large guttules
in each cell, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
45
Fig. 25 Asexual morph of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (MFLU
15-1041) a On Rosa canina. b Close up of conidiomata c Vertical
section through conidioma. d Ostiolar region. e Partial conidioma
wall. f–j Developing state of conidiogenous cells. k–n Conidia. Scale
bars: b = 100 lm, c = 50 lm, d–e = 20 lm, f–n = 5 lm
Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when dry.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK.
Material examined: UK, Poole, Dorset, on Phragmites
sp. (Poaceae), 18 March 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ257
(MFLU 17-0606, holotype); ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0779.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828904, LSU: MG829014.
Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(Fig. 31), Keissleriella phragmiticola nests between K.
dactylidicola (MFLUCC 13-0886) and K. yonaguniensis
(KT 2604) with low bootstrap support. Keissleriella
phragmiticola is similar to K. dactylidicola in having
brown to dark brown ascomata comprising dark brown
setae, cylindrical-clavate asci and broadly fusiform, hyaline ascospores (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). It can be distinguished from K. dactylidicola in having longer asci
(120–160 9 16–20 lm) and ascospores (35–50 9
7–11 lm), whereas, K. dactylidicola has comparatively
shorter asci (60–80 9 8–10 lm) and ascospores (15–19 9
123
46
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 26 Paraphaeosphaeria rosae (MFLU 17-2640, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata. c Vertical section of conidioma. d,
e Conidiogenous cells. f–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f = 10 lm, g–j = 5 lm
4–5 lm) (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Keissleriella yonaguniensis differs from K. phragmiticola in having yellow,
cylindrical, 5-septate ascospores (Tanaka et al. 2015),
whereas K. phragmiticola has hyaline, broadly fusiform,
1-septate ascospores (Fig. 32).
123
Keissleriella rosarum Tibpromma, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553940, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03976, Fig. 33
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
47
Fig. 27 Paraphaeosphaeria rosicola (MFLU 18-0108, holotype). a,
b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of conidiomata
under the epidermal tissue. d Vertical section of conidioma. e Ostiole.
f Partial part of peridium layer. g–j Developing stages of conidia. k–
p Conidia. Scale bars: c= 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–f = 50 lm, g–j =
5 lm, k–p = 10 lm
Holotype: MFLU 15-2330
Saprobic on dead spine of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 202–215 lm high 9 330–348 lm diam.
(
x = 209 9 339 lm, n = 5) superficial and flat at the base,
globose to subglobose, uniloculate, solitary or scattered on
the host surface, visible as slightly raised, small, black dots
on the host surface, ostiole in the central containing brown
to dark brown setae. Peridium 15–21 lm wide, composing
several layers of irregular cells arranged in a textura
angularis, brown to dark brown. Hamathecium comprising
1–3.5 lm wide, massive, long cylindrical, cellular, anastomosed, hyaline, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–101
9 11–16 lm (
x = 73 9 14 lm, n = 10), 6–8-spored,
bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, rounded at the
apex, thick-walled, with a minute ocular chamber, long
with club-shaped pedicel. Ascospores 18–22 9 5–8 lm (
x
= 20 9 7 lm, n = 15), fusiform, overlapping bi-seriate,
hyaline, constricted at the median septa, 1-septate at the
centre, straight or slightly curved, swollen with guttules in
cell, hyaline, surrounded by thin mucilaginous sheath,
smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA at 16 °C
reaching 9 cm in two weeks, circular, with entire edge,
yellow-white mycelium, raised on the media.
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48
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Fig. 28 Pseudocamarosporium pteleae (MFLU 16-1680, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata. c Vertical section of conidioma. d,
e Conidiogenous cells. f–h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–l = 5 lm
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
Teodorano, Meldola, spine of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 9
December 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT2297 (MFLU 15-2330,
holotype); living culture, MFLUCC 15-0089). ibid.
(HKAS94612 bis, paratypes).
GenBank Numbers: ITS: MG828905, LSU: MG829017,
SSU: MG829124.
Notes: Keissleriella rosarum was found on a dead spine
of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). Based on both morphology
and phylogeny analysis, our species grouped with Keissleriella spiticola (hyaline muriform ascospores) (Liu et al.
2015). Keissleriella rosarum shares some similar characters with K. spiticola in having globose to subglobose
123
ascomata with dark brown setae and cylindric-clavate asci.
It differs in having 1-septate, hyaline ascospores, whereas,
K. spiticola has ascospores with 4–5 septa, and 1–3 vertical
septa which are initially hyaline and become yellowish at
maturity (Liu et al. 2015). Coupled with morphological and
molecular data, we introduce the new species, Keissleriella
rosarum.
Keissleriella rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553943, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03815, Fig. 34
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
49
Fig. 29 Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris (MFLU 16-2707, holotype). a–c Appearance of conidiomata on host. d Vertical section of
conidioma. e–g Conidiogenous cells. h–m Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e–m = 10 lm
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1397
Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata
225–228 lm high, 230–250 lm diam., scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent through host tissue,
becoming superficial, visible as abundant, small black dots
on the host surface, uniloculate, globose to subglobose,
with dark brown setae of 30–40 9 3–3.5 lm around the
ostiole. Peridium 18–30 lm wide, thin-walled, of equal
thickness, composed of 5–7 layers of dark brown, broadly
pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis to textura globulosa. Hamathecium composed of
numerous,
2–3 lm
wide,
filamentous,
cellular
123
50
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 30 Pseudopithomyces rosae (MFLU 18-0109, holotype). a, b On spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of colonies on surface of host. d–
h Developing state of conidia. i–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d-m = 10 lm
pseudoparaphyses, with distinct septa, embedded in
mucilaginous matrix. Asci 75–85 lm high, 11–15 lm diam
(
x = 80 9 14 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric clavate, subsessile to
short pedicellate, apically rounded, with well-developed
ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–24 9 5–7 lm (
x = 21 9
6 lm), overlapping 1–2 seriate, phragmosporous, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, initially hyaline to pale yellowish, becoming light brown to brown or yellowish-brown
at maturity, initially forming one median septum, becoming 3–5-septate at maturity, slightly curved, constricted at
the septa, smooth and thin–walled. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Culture characters: Colonies grow on PDA reaching
2 cm diam after 2 weeks at 18 °C, later with dense
mycelium, circular, smooth, margin irregular, off white
after 2 weeks, reverse pale brown layers to dark brown
123
layers, flat on the surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae
septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
[FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on
dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 25
November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT–2258 (MFLU
15-1397; holotype), ex-type living cultures, MFLUCC
15-0180.
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829016, SSU: MG922549.
Notes: Keissleriella rosae is typical of Keissleriella in
its ostiolar neck having short dark setae (Munk 1953;
Tanaka et al. 2015). Keissleriella rosae is a distinct species
in the genus, supported by molecular and morphological
characteristics. Keissleriella rosae clustered as sister to K.
cirsii and K. taminensis with 99% ML and 1.00 BYPP
bootstrap support (Fig. 31). Keissleriella rosae differs from
K. cirsii and K. taminensis in having yellow to brown
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
ascospores without a mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka et al.
2015; Tibpromma et al. 2017).
Keissleriella rosacearum Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554138; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03977; Fig. 35.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1044.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 165–
240 lm high 9 145–254 lm diam. (
x = 181 9 179 lm, n =
10), black, immersed, solitary or gregarious, fully or partly
erumpent, globose, uniloculate. Ostiole papillate, 31–
56 lm long, 29–50 lm wide, covered with 1-celled, thickwalled, reddish-brown to blackish-brown setae. Peridium
8–30 lm wide at the base, comprising 2 layers, outer most
layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish
to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura
angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm
(n = 50) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 56–120 9 10–14 lm (
x = 71 9 11 lm, n =
50), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, pedicellate, rounded at the apex and with a shallow
ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–25 9 5–6 lm (
x = 20 9
6 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, narrowly fusiform,
with 3 septa, median septum nearly primary, constricted at
the septum, pale-brown, conical and narrowly rounded at
the ends, guttulate, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Sheath 10–15 lm wide when fresh, delimited when
dry. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: Italy, Province of Forli‘-Cesena
[FC], near Monte Fumaiolo, on dried aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 23 October 2014, Erio Camporesi,
IT 2194 (MFLU 15-1044, holotype), ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 15-0045.
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829015, SSU: MG829123.
Notes: Based on combined multi-gene phylogenetic
analysis, Keissleriella rosacearum nests with other Keissleriella species with low bootstrap support (Fig. 31).
Keissleriella rosacearum shares some similar characters
with K. rosarum in having clavate to cylindrical asci and
fusiform, guttulate ascospores with a thick mucilaginous
sheath. It differs from K. rosarum in having 3-septate, pale
brown ascospores (18–25 9 5–6 lm), whereas K. rosarum
has 1-septate, hyaline ascospores (18–22 9 5–8 lm).
Murilentithecium Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (4): 330 (2014)
Notes: Murilentithecium was introduced by Wanasinghe
et al. (2014) to accommodate M. clematidis.
51
Murilentithecium is characterized by ascospores whose
central cells have longitudinal septa, with light end cells,
becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, a thick peridium
and a short neck. In this study, we introduce Murilentithecium rosae as a new species.
Murilentithecium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554139; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03978; Fig. 36.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1043.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial,
97–201 lm high 9 181–270 lm diam (
x = 135 9 225 lm,
n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes
scattered beneath the host tissues, partly erumpent,
unilocular, with apapillate ostioles. Ostiole central, filled
with hyaline or brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered,
9–30 lm wide at the sides, up to 35 lm wide at the apex
comprising 2 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thickwalled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells
of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner
layer composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells 4–12 9 3–9 lm (
x = 7 9 6 lm; n =
30), blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline,
smooth. Conidia 15–17 9 7–9 lm (
x = 16 9 8 lm, n = 40),
oval, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, with
3 transverse septa, and 1–2 longitudinal septa, muriform,
smooth-walled, yellowish-brown to dark brown.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: Italy, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
Province, near Monte Fumaiolo, on dried aerial spines of
Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 23 October 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2192 (MFLU 15-1043, holotype), ex-type living
culture, MFLUCC 15-0044.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828920, LSU: MG829030,
SSU: MG829137.
Notes: Murilentithecium rosae shares some similar
morphological characters with the asexual morph of M.
clematidis in having pycnidial, immersed, uniloculate
conidiomata, blastic, phialidic, hyaline conidiogenous cells
and muriform conidia. Murilentithecium rosae can be
distinguished from M. clematidis in having conidia with 3
transverse septa, and 1–2 longitudinal septa (15–17 9
7–9 lm), whereas M. clematidis has conidia with 3-5
transverse septa, and 2–5 longitudinal septa (13–18 9
5–8 lm). Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(Fig. 31), Murilentithecium rosae is basal to M. clematidis
with strong bootstrap support (78% ML, 1.00 BYPP).
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52
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Keissleriella breviasca KT 649
Keissleriella breviasca KT 581
Keissleriella breviasca KT 540
Keissleriella quadriseptata KT 2292
Keissleriella trichophoricola CBS 136770
94/1.00
Keissleriella gloeospora KT 829
Keissleriella poagena CBS 136767
62/-61/0.95
Keissleriella culmifida KT 2308
Clade A
Keissleriella culmifida KT 2642
Keissleriella sp. KT 895
Keissleriella sp. SC-2015
60/0.95
99/1.00
Keissleriella taminensis KT 594
98/1.00
Keissleriella taminensis KT 678
99/1.00
Keissleriella
taminensis KT 571
100/1.00
Keissleriella rosae MFLUCC 15-0180
Keissleriella cirsii MFLUCC 16-0454
95/-- Pleurophoma ossicola CPC 24985
60/-Pleurophoma ossicola CBS 139905
Pleurophoma italica MFLUCC 15-0061
Clade B
68/-Keissleriella genistae CBS 113798
66/-- Pleurophoma pleurospora CBS 130329
Pleurophoma pleurospora MFLU 17-0174
Keissleriella rosacearum MFLUCC 15-0045
Keissleriella sp. MFLUCC 15 0117
Keissleriella rosarum MFLUCC 15-0089
69/-- Keissleriella sparticola MFLUCC 14-0196
Keissleriella sp. MFLUCC 15 0118
Clade C
Keissleriella cladophila CBS 104.55
Keissleriella pleurospora CBS 116668
Keissleriella dactylidicola MFLUCC 13-0866
Keissleriella phragmiticola MFLUCC 17-0779
Keissleriella yonaguniensis KT 2604
91/-- Murilentithecium clematidis MFLUCC 14-0562
78/1.00
Murilentithecium clematidis MFLUCC 14-0561
Clade D
75/0.99
Murilentithecium rosae MFLUCC 15-0044
70/1.00 Phragmocamarosporium platani MFLUCC 14-1191
Phragmocamarosporium hederae MFLUCC 13-0552
Clade E
Phragmocamarosporium rosae MFLUCC 17-0797
Setoseptoria arundinacea KT 552
Setoseptoria arundinacea KT 600
Setoseptoria arundelensis MFLUCC 17-0759
Stagonospora macropycnidia CBS 114202
Lentithecium aquaticum CBS 123099
Setoseptoria englandensis MFLUCC 17-0778
Clade F
Setoseptoria phragmitis CBS 114966
98/1.00
Setoseptoria phragmitis CBS 114802
60/0.95 76/0.97
Setoseptoria arundinacea CBS 123131
Setoseptoria arundinacea CBS 619.86
Setoseptoria magniarundinacea KT 1174
Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis MFLU 18-0110
100/1.00
Poaceascoma aquaticum strain MFLUCC 14-0048
Poaceascoma helicoides MFLUCC 11-0136
Towyspora aestuari MFLUCC 15-1274
84/1.00
Neoophiosphaerella sasicola KT 1706
Katumotoa bambusicola KT 1517a
100/1.00
100/1.00 Tingoldiago graminicola KH 68
98/1.00
Tingoldiago graminicola KT 891
Tingoldiago graminicola KH 155
Lentithecium
fluviatile CBS 123090
60/-Lentithecium fluviatile CBS 122367
100/1.00
Lentithecium lineare IFRD 2008
Lentithecium pseudoclioninum KT 1111
Lentithecium pseudoclioninum KT 1113
100/1.00 Lentithecium clionina KT 1149A
Lentithecium clionina KT 1220
60/1.00
99/1.00 Lentithecium unicellulare MD 6004
Lentithecium unicellulare MD 6005
61/0.96 Lentithecium voraginesporum MD 1342
Lentithecium cangshanense HKAS84021
--/0.97
Lentithecium sp. MUT 4420
99/1.00
Darksidea delta CBS 135638
91/1.00
Darksidea epsilon CBS 135658
100/1.00
Darksidea beta CBS 135637
61/-Darksidea gamma CBS 135634
100/1.00
Darksidea alpha CBS 135650
Darksidea zeta CBS 135640
100/1.00
Massarina eburnea H 3953
100/1.00
Massarinaceae (Outgroup)
Massarina eburnea CBS 473.64
0.02
Massarina cisti CBS 266.62
87/1.00
Lentitheciaceae
64/1.00
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 31 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of taxa
of Lentitheciaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tibpromma et al. (2017). Seventy-nine strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3419 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Massarina
cisti and M. eburnea are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of
the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree
with a final likelihood value of - 16299.988949 is presented. The
matrix had 871 distinct alignment patterns, with 26.22% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows;
A = 0.240498, C = 0.246460, G= 0.273207, T = 0.239836;
substitution rates AC = 1.460843, AG = 2.602267, AT = 1.809861,
CG = 1.675725, CT = 9.171966, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution
shape parameter a = 0.488276. Bootstrap support values for ML (first
set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95
are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
Phragmocamarosporium Wijayaw., Yong Wang bis &
K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (2): 5 (2015)
Notes: The genus Phragmocamarosporium was introduced by Wijayawardene et al. (2015) to accommodate
species which have conspicuous phragmospores and is
typified by Phragmocamarosporium platani. Currently,
two Phragmocamarosporium species have been reported
viz. Phragmocamarosporium hederae and P. platani (Index Fungorum 2017). In this study, we introduce another
new species, Phragmocamarosporium rosae.
Phragmocamarosporium rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554140; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03979; Fig. 37.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0656.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: Conidiomata 120–200 lm diam., 60–
100 lm high (
x = 158.3 9 82.1 lm, n = 10), pycnidial,
immersed, erumpent, solitary, globose, unilocular, black,
with a long neck. Pycnidial wall 10–20 lm wide, multi–
layered, with 3-5 outer layers of brown–walled cells of
textura angularis, inner layer hyaline. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 1–3 9
1–2.5 lm, blastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline,
smooth. Conidia 8–10 9 3.5–4.5 lm (
x = 9.3 9 4 lm; n =
20), oblong, mostly straight, occasionally slightly curved,
muriform, with 3 transverse septa and 1-longitudinal septum, continuous, initially hyaline, later becoming brown to
dark brown at maturity, narrowly rounded at both ends,
smooth-walled.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA slow growing,
reaching 3 cm diam. after 3 weeks at 16 °C, dense mycelium, circular, margin rough, white at first, greenish white
53
after 3 weeks, flat or effuse on the surface. Hyphae septate
branched, hyaline.
Known distribution: On Rosa, UK.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on
spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones
GJ310F (MFLU 17-0656, holotype); ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0797.
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829051, SSU: MG829156,
TEF: MG829225.
Notes: The morphological characters of Phragmocamarosporium rosae fit into the generic concept of Phragmocamarosporium in having conspicuous phragmospores.
Phragmocamarosporium rosae is different from P. platani
(type species) in having smaller conidia (8–10 9
3.5–4.5 lm), while P. platani has comparatively larger
conidia (12–13 9 5–7.5 lm) (Wijayawardene et al. 2015).
It can also be distinguished from P. hederae in having
shorter conidiogenous cells (1–3 9 1–2.5 lm), as compared to P. hederae (8–10 9 1.5–2.5 lm) (Wijayawardene
et al. 2015).
Pleurophoma Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I
123: 117 (1914)
Notes: The genus Pleurophoma which is based on P.
pleurospora (De Gruyter et al. 2009) lacks any known
sexual morph (De Gruyter et al. 2010). Currently, nine
Pleurophoma species have been accepted viz. P. acaciae,
P. arabidis, P. italica, P. latvica, P. ossicola, P. phyllachorivora, P. rubi, P. salicina and P. socialis (Index
Fungorum 2017; Wijayawardene et al. 2017).
Pleurophoma pleurospora (Sacc.) Höhn., Sitzungsberichte
der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.naturw. Klasse Abt. I 123: 117 (1914)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03980; Fig. 38.
Saprobic on dead twigs and branches of Rosa sp. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata
150–220 lm high, 100–200 lm diam (
x = 180.8 9
150.9 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary or gregarious, black,
immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm
or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, with
inconspicuous ostiole. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 10–
25 lm wide heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising
blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed
of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, phialidic with periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation (inconspicuous), branched. Conidia 4–6 9 1.5–2 lm (
x = 5.5 9 2 lm;
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 32 Keissleriella phragmiticola (MFLU 17-0606, holotype). a,
b Appearance of ascomata on the natural host surface. c Vertical
section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f Apical setae of
ascoma. g–i Asci. j–o Ascospores (o indicates gelatinous sheath in
Indian ink). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–i =
20 lm, e = 5 lm, j–o = 10 lm
n = 20), solitary, subcylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, smoothwalled, mostly straight, granular with obtuse ends.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Xojikent Village, Ugam Range, Western
Tien Shan Mountains, on dead branches of Rosa sp.
(Rosaceae), 10 March 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YGOq107–1 (TASM 6115) MFLU 17-0174
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828944, LSU: MG829054,
SSU: MG829159, TEF: MG829226.
Notes: Pleurophoma pleurospora was introduced by
Höhnel (1914). Isolate CBS 130329, is identified as the
lectotype strain of Pleurophoma pleurospora (Tanaka et al.
2015). In this study one of our new isolates, TASM 6115
grouped with this isolate as a monophyletic clade. There is
only LSU sequence data (GenBank JF740327) available for
CBS 130329 and there were no differences out of 855 bp
comparison with this LSU strain and TASM 6115. Therefore, we treat our new isolate as a Pleurophoma pleurospora strain and this is the first record of P. pleurospora
on Rosa species. The ascospores of this fungus failed to
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
55
Fig. 33 Keissleriella rosarum (MFLU 15-2330, holotype). a Appearance of psuedoclypeus on host substrate. b Section of ascoma.
c Section of peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Ascus. g–
i Ascospores. j, k Colony on MEA. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b =
100 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 2 lm, e, f = 20 lm, g–i = 5 lm
germinate and grow in culture and we extracted DNA
directly from the fruiting bodies.
Notes: Setoseptoria was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al.
(2013) to accommodate saprobic Septoria-like coelomycetes having setose conidiomata and is typified by
S. phragmitis on Phragmites. The sexual morph is yet to be
confirmed (Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Currently three
species are listed in Index Fungorum (2017) viz.
Setoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Studies in
Mycology 75: 382 (2013)
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56
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 34 Keissleriella rosae (MFLU 15-1397, holotype) a, b Ascomata
on host surface. c Section through ascoma. d Peridium. e Ostiole.
f Seta. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–k Asci. l-n Ascospores. o Germinated
spore. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d= 20 lm, e = 30 lm, f= 10 lm, g-k =
20 lm, l–o = 10 lm
Setoseptoria arundinacea, S. magniarundinacea and S.
phragmitis and most recently, S. scirpi was introduced by
Hyde et al. (2017).
Index Fungorum number: IF554141; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03981; Fig. 39.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of
Arundel River from where the species was collected.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0590.
Setoseptoria arundelensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 150–220 lm high 150–250 lm diam. (
x = 180.8
9 197.5 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed,
gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate,
ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate, filled with pale brown to
brown cells. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base, 20–
30 lm wide at the sides, thick, multi-layered, outer most
layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark
brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented,
comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of
textura angularis, inner layer composed 3–4 layers, pale
brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened,
thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–120 9
14–16 lm (
x = 106.9 9 15.1 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber.
Ascospores 28–32 9 4.5–5.5 lm (
x = 29.8 9 4.8 lm, n =
50), overlapping uni- to biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a
nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the
septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly
rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin (1–1.5 lm wide)
mucilaginous sheath, longer at the base (5–7 lm long).
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Phragmites, UK.
Material examined: UK, Sussex, Arundel River, on
Phragmites communis (Poaceae) growing at river side, 17
February 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ220A (MFLU 17-0590,
holotype) ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0759.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828962, LSU: MG829073,
SSU: MG829173.
Notes: Phylogenetic results indicate that Setoseptoria
arundelensis clustered with other Setoseptoria species and
in particularly, it shares a close affinity to S. arundinaceae
and S. macropycnidia, but with low bootstrap support.
Setoseptoria arundelensis differs from S. arundinaceae in
having uniloculate ascomata and ascospores with a
mucilaginous sheath (longer at base), whereas, S. arundinaceae has multi-loculate ascomata and ascospores with a
thin mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015).
Setoseptoria englandensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554142; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03982; Fig. 40.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of
England, where the species was collected.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0605.
Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 150–220 lm high, 150–250 lm diam. (
x = 164
9 162.8 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed,
gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm
57
or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose,
uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, filled with hyaline
to pale brown cells. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base,
15–20 lm wide at the sides, multi-layered, outer most
layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark
brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer
pale brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter,
flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–2.5 lm (n = 40) wide,
filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–
85 9 9–12 lm (
x = 78.8 9 10.2 lm, n = 40), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex
rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–30
9 4–5 lm (
x = 28.9 9 4.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping uni- to
biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a nearly median primary
septum, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK.
Material examined: UK, England, Dorset, Poole Bay, on
Phragmites communis (Poaceae), 18 March 2016, E.B.G.
Jones GJ256 (MFLU 17-0605, holotype); ex-type living
culture MFLUCC 17-0778.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828963, LSU: MG829074,
SSU: MG829174.
Notes: Setoseptoria englandensis is morphologically
similar to taxa in Setoseptoria in having superficial to semiimmersed ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci and hyaline
ascospores. Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(Fig. 31), S. englandensis constitutes an independent lineage and phylogenetically distinct from other Setoseptoria
species, but with low bootstrap support. It is interesting to
note a close morphological relationship between S. englandensis and S. lulworthcovensis. This can be explained
by the fact that both share almost similar morphological
characteristics. But, a comparison of the 620 nucleotides
across the ITS regions reveals[ 30 bp differences between
S. englandensis and S. lulworthcovensis which provides
further evidence to support S. englandensis as a new species (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Our phylogenetic results
also confirm that despite superficial morphological resemblance, they are phylogenetically apart.
Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554143; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03983; Fig. 41.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Lulworth Cove,
from where the species was collected.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0110.
Saprobic on Phragmites communis. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 140–180 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. (
x = 165.1
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58
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 35 Keissleriella rosacearum (MFLU 15-1044, holotype). a,
b On spines of Rosa canina. c Close up of ascomata d. Section of
ascoma. e Setae. f Section of partial peridium layer. The peridium
comprising textura angularis. g Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, h–
j Developing stages of asci with short pedicels. k–n Developing
stages of ascospores, o Ascospore stained with Indian ink showing
mucilaginous sheath. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c, d = 100 lm, f, i–j =
50 lm, e–h = 20 lm, k–o = 10 lm
9 224.2 lm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed,
gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate,
ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, filled with hyaline to pale
brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10–
20 lm wide at the sides, thick, multi-layered, outer most
layer heavily pigmented, comprising blackish to dark
brown amorphous layer, fused with host tissues, inner layer
composed pale brown to hyaline, cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 30)
wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses.
Asci 50–80 9 12–16 lm (
x = 63.4 9 14.6 lm, n = 20), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular
chamber. Ascospores 30–35 9 5–7 lm (
x = 31.9 9 5.7 lm,
n = 30), overlapping biseriate, narrowly fusiform, with a
nearly median primary septum, deeply constricted at the
septum, hyaline, asymmetrical, conical and narrowly
rounded at the ends, surrounded by a thin (0.5–1 lm wide)
mucilaginous sheath, longer at the base (3–4 lm long).
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Phragmites communis, UK.
Material examined: UK, Dorset, West Lulworth, Lulworth Cove, on Phragmites communis (Poaceae), 2
February 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ95B (MFLU 18-0110,
holotype)
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829075, SSU: MG829175.
Notes: In this study, we introduce S. lulworthcovensis as
a novel species in Setoseptoria given its particular ITS base
pair differences as mentioned above. Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis is phylogenetically apart from other Setoseptoria species, but with low bootstrap support. The
ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in
culture and we extracted DNA directly from the fruiting
bodies.
Lophiostomataceae Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 672
(1883)
Notes: The family Lophiostomataceae was introduced
by Nitschke (1869) with Lophiostoma macrostomum as the
type species (Eriksson 1981; Mugambi and Huhndorf
2009). Lophiostomataceae species are characterized by
immersed to erumpent, carbonaceous to coriaceous ascomata, with rounded or slit-like ostioles, with a small to
large, compressed, crest-like apex and fusiform or ellipsoid
59
to fusiform, 1 to multi-septate, or muriform ascospores
(Thambugala et al. 2015). Most members of this family are
saprobic and occur mainly on twigs, stems or bark of
various woody plants and herbaceous plants in both terrestrial and aquatic environments (Hyde et al. 2013;
Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Thambugala et al. 2015). Thambugala et al. (2015) provided a broad revision of this family
and accepted 16 genera, including eleven newly introduced
genera. A phylogenetic backbone to the family is provided
in this paper (Fig. 42).
Coelodictyosporium Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal
Diversity 74: 218 (2015)
Notes: Coelodictyosporium was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2015) to accommodate species having dictyosporous conidia similar to Dictyosporium in their
asexual morphs. Coelodictyosporium is typified by
C. pseudodictyosporium which was introduced by Liu et al.
(2015) as Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium. Two Coelodictyosporium species currently have been accepted viz.
C. pseudodictyosporium and C. muriforme (Wijayawardene et al. 2017).
Coelodictyosporium rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554144; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03984; Fig. 43
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0603.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300–
400 lm high 200–300 lm diam. (
x = 328.9 9 260.6 lm, n
= 10), scattered to gregarious, immersed, coriaceous, dark
brown to black, surrounded by a small blackened pseudoclypeus, subglobose to conical, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like,
central, with a reduced crest and a pore-like opening,
plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 30–70 lm
wide, wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, composed
of two strata, outer stratum comprising several layers with
dark brown to black, somewhat flattened cells of textura
angularis, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues, inner stratum comprising several layers with lightly
pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous,
branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–120 9 11–
13 lm (
x = 106 9 11.9 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded, with a
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–32 9 5–7 lm (
x=
27.5 9 6.2 lm, n = 30), uniseriate to bi-seriate, overlapping, hyaline, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, 1-septate,
with large guttules, constricted at the septum, region above
central septum widest, smooth-walled, guttulate with a thin
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Fig. 36 Murilentithecium rosae (MFLU 15-1043, holotype) a, b. On
spines of Rosa canina. c. Close up of conidioma erumpent on host
surface. d. Vertical section of conidioma. e. Ostiole. f. Section of
partial peridium layer. g–j. Developing stages of conidia. k–p.
Developing stages of conidia. Scale bars: b–d = 200 lm, e–f = 50 lm,
g-j = 10 lm, k–p = 10 lm
mucilaginous sheath drawn out at the ends (5–8 lm long).
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, UK.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire New Forest
Brockenhurst, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 April 2016,
E.B.G. Jones GJ254 (MFLU 17-0603, holotype); ex-type
living culture MFLUCC 17-0776.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828875, LSU: MG828991,
SSU: MG829102, TEF: MG829195.
Notes: Phylogenetic results indicate that Coelodictyosporium rosarum clustered with C. muriforme, the type
species with high bootstrap support. This is the second
sexual morph species described in this genus. Morphologically, it differs from C. muriforme in having hyaline,
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
61
Fig. 37 Phragmocamarosporium rosae (MFLU 17-0656, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host species. c Vertical section of
conidioma. d–f Conidiogenous cells. g, h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d–f = 5 lm, g, h = 10 lm
1-septate ascospores surrounded by thin mucilaginous
sheath. But, C. muriforme has distinct yellowish brown,
5–6 transversely septate ascospores with a thick
mucilaginous sheath.
Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital.
1(4): 219 (1863)
Notes: Lophiostoma was introduced by Cesati and De
Notaris (1863) with L. macrostomum as its type species
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 38 Pleurophoma pleurospora (TASM 6115). a Appearance of conidiomata. b Vertical section of conidiomata. c Conidiogenous cells.
d Conidia. Scale bars: a = 200 lm, b = 100 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm
(Tanaka and Harada 2003; Hyde et al. 2013). Members of
Lophiostoma are characterized by immersed to erumpent
ascomata with a crest-like papilla or a slit-like ostiole, an
unequally thick peridium, clavate asci, and hyaline to deep
brown, multi-septate or even muriform ascospores with
terminal appendages (Zhang et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2013).
Lophiostoma species are cosmopolitan in distribution since
they have been recorded from terrestrial (Tanaka and
Harada 2003), marine (Hyde et al. 2002) and freshwater
habitats (Luo et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2009b).
Lophiostoma rosae Tennakoon, Gafforov & K.D Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554145; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03985; Fig. 44.
123
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6105
Saprobic on dead branches of Rosa sp. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 450–550 lm high, 300–350 lm diam., solitary
or scattered, semi-immersed, papilla erumpent through host
surface, black, subglobose to globose, coriaceous to carbonaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, up to 190–210 lm
long and 80–90 lm wide, central, papillate, periphysate,
with a crest-like apex and pore-like opening, plugged by a
gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 34–40 lm wide, wider at
the apex and thinner at the base, comprising lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium composed of dense, 1–1.5 lm wide, filamentous, septate,
branched, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing at the apex,
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
63
Fig. 39 Setoseptoria arundelensis (MFLU 17-0590, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c, d Sections of ascomata. e Pseudoparaphyses
and fissitunicate asci. f Asci. g–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c, d = 100 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm, f = 20 lm
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 40 Setoseptoria englandensis (MFLU 17-0605, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores (l indicates gelatinous
sheath in Indian ink). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm,
d, f–h = 20 lm, i–l = 10 lm
embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci (96–)98–110(–112)
9 (9–)10–14(–14.5) lm (
x = 103 9 12.5 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, short
pedicellate, apically rounded with an ocular chamber.
Ascospores 20–25 9 5–6 lm (
x = 22.5 9 5.5 lm, n = 30),
overlapping, 1–2-seriate, fusiform, ends acute, hyaline
when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity,
slightly curved, 6–7 septate, constricted at the central
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septum, cell above central septum slightly swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with appendages at both ends
(3.2–4.1 lm). Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy River, Katta Chimyon,
Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk
and dead branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 07 May 2016,
Yusufjon Gafforov, YG-B43-1 (TASM 6105, holotype),
ibid., (MFLU 17-0171; isotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828908, LSU: MG829018,
SSU: MG829125, TEF: MG829205.
Notes: Phylogenetic analyses of combined genes (LSU,
SSU, TEF and ITS) indicate that Lophiostoma rosae
clustered with other species of Lophiostoma and in particular it shares a close affinity to L. multiseptatum. Morphologically, Lophiostoma rosae shares some similarities
with L. multiseptatum in having semi-immersed ascomata
with a slit-like ostiole and narrowly fusiform, yellowish
brown ascospores with appendages at both ends (Thambugala et al. 2015). However, comparatively it differs from
L. multiseptatum in having larger ascomata (450–550 9
300–350 lm) with a periphysate ostiole and mostly curved
smaller ascospores (22.5 9 5.5 lm). The cell above central
septum is slightly swollen in Lophiostoma rosae, but in
L. multiseptatum there is a distinct widest cell above the
central septum. The ascospores of this fungus failed to
germinate and grow in culture. Therefore, we have
extracted DNA directly from fruiting bodies.
Neopaucispora Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554146; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03986.
Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the similarity
to Paucispora.
Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual
morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, immersed or
semi erumpent, coriaceous, black, globose to subglobose,
ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, central, with a crest-like papilla,
with an irregular, pore-like opening. Peridium wider at the
apex, and thinner at the base, composed of several layers
with brown to black cells of textura angularis, cells
towards the inside lighter and at the outside, darker,
sometimes fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous,
branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, with a long pedicel, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores
overlapping uni- to biseriate, hyaline to dark brown, middle
two cells mostly brown, ellipsoidal to fusiform, 1–3-septate, constricted at the septa, mostly constricted at middle
septum, prominently guttulate, lacking a mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
65
Type: Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde
Notes: Paucispora was introduced by Thambugala et al.
(2015) to accommodate Lophiostoma quadrisporum and
L. versicolor. Paucispora is characterized by unusual features, such as 2(–4)-spored asci and hyaline to reddishbrown ascospores (Hirayama et al. 2014; Thambugala et al.
2015). Phylogenetic analysis of the combined LSU, SSU,
ITS and TEF data set reveal that our novel taxon clusters
independently in Lophiostomataceae. Our novel taxon
includes different morphological characters from other
members of Lophiostomataceae, in having 3-septate, fusiform, hyaline to reddish-brown ascospores and mostly
brown central cells with prominent guttules. Therefore,
Neopaucispora is introduced here as a new genus in
Lophiostomataceae.
Neopaucispora rosaecae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554147; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03987; Fig. 45.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6108.
Saprobic on Rosa ecae. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450–
600 lm high 400–500 lm diam. (
x = 545.3 9 447.8 lm, n
= 10), scattered to gregarious, superficial to semi erumpent,
coriaceous, dark brown to black, subglobose to conical,
ostiolate. Ostiole slit-like, central, with a reduced crest and
a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up
of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 50–80 lm wide, wider at the apex, and thinner at the
base, composed of two strata, outer stratum comprising
several layers with dark brown to black, somewhat flattened cells of textura angularis, partially fused to the host
tissues, inner stratum comprising several layers with lightly
pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous,
branched septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 100–130 9 15–
25 lm (
x = 115.9 9 19.1 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, short-pedicellate, apex
rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–35
9 8–10 lm (
x = 32.7 9 9.3 lm, n = 30), uniseriate to biseriate, overlapping, fusiform with narrow, acute ends,
3-septate, initially hyaline, reddish brown when matured,
middle two cells are mostly brown, pale end cells, deeply
constricted at the middle septum, slightly curved, region
above central septum widest, a large guttule in each cell,
smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa ecae, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Qizilnaur village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa ecae (Rosaceae),
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66
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b Fig. 41 Setoseptoria lulworthcovensis (MFLU 18-0110, holotype).
a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of
ostiole and peridium cells. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k
Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d =
50 lm, e, h–k = 10 lm, f, g = 20 lm
14 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov, YG-S88-1 (TASM
6108, holotype); MFLU 17-0121, isotype, ex-type living
culture, MFLUCC 17-0807.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828924, LSU: MG829033,
SSU: MG829139, TEF: MG829217.
Notes: Neopaucispora rosaecae bears a close morphological similarity with Paucispora versicolor in having
semi-immersed ascomata with slit-like ostioles, cylindricclavate asci and 3-septate, reddish-brown ascospores with
pale end cells. Neopaucispora rosaecae, however, can be
easily distinguished as it is characterised by fusiform
ascospores with narrow, acute ends, slightly curved and
8-spored asci, whereas in P. versicolor they are ellipsoidal,
straight ascospores with 2(–4)-spored asci.
Sigarispora Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74:
238 (2015)
Sigarispora was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2015)
and is typified by S. ravennica. Sigarispora is characterized
by having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, a small
crest-like ostiole, and brown, cigar-shaped or ellipsoidalfusiform, multi-septate or muriform ascospores. Currently,
seven species have been recorded viz. S. arundinis,
S. caudata, S. caulium, S. coronillae, S. muliformis,
S. ononidis and S. ravennica (Index Fungorum 2017).
Sigarispora caryophyllacearum Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554148; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03988; Fig. 46.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant family Caryophyllaceae, from one of species of
which the fungal species was isolated.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0111.
Saprobic on Caryophyllaceae sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 420–500 lm high, 400–500 lm diam. (
x = 469.1 9
454.9 lm, n = 10), solitary, semi-immersed, coriaceous,
black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like,
variable in shape, up to 100–160 lm long and 50–80 lm
wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and a porelike opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up of
lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium
20–50 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the base,
comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thickwalled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside
lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing
67
and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium
comprising 1.5–3 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and
above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci
80–120 9 10–12 lm (x = 109.4 9 11.4 lm, n = 40),
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a
short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 7–8.5 lm (x = 33.6 9
7.7 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping,
hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrowly rounded ends, mostly curved,
5–9-septate, constricted at the septa, guttulate, smoothwalled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On unknown plant of Caryophyllaceae family, Russia (European part, Crimea).
Material examined: RUSSIA, Republic of Crimea,
Feodosia City Municipality, Tepe-Oba ridge, steppe on
slopes, on dead stems of unidentified plant (Caryophyllaceae), 23 June 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov CR-025 (MFLU
18-0111, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC
17-0749.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828964, LSU: MG829076,
SSU: MG829176, TEF: MG829238.
Notes: Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU,
ITS and TEF sequence data indicate that Sigarispora
caryophyllinicola has a close affinity with S. muriformis
(Fig. 42). Morphologically, S. caryophyllinicola shares
some similar characters with S. muriformis in having semiimmersed and subglobose ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci
and yellowish-brown ascospores. However, S. muriformis
can easily be distinguished from S. caryophyllinicola in
having ellipsoidal, muriform ascospores with 5–8 transverse septa and 2–3 longitudinal septa, while
S. caryophyllinicola has fusiform, rounded ends to the
ascospores with 5–9 transverse septa. The size of ascomata,
asci and ascospores of the different species is compared in
Table 1.
Sigarispora caulium (Fr.) Thambug., Wanas., Kaz. Tanaka
& K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 238 (2015)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 03992; Fig. 47.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 159–
210 lm high 9 197–234 lm diam. (
x = 205 9 210 lm, n =
5), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose,
ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, up to 100–230 lm
long and 80–100 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crestlike apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous
tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 21–35 lm wide, wider at the apex,
thinner at the base, carbonaceous, comprising a single
stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside,
darker,
somewhat flattened, fusing
and
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
100/97/1.00 Sigarispora caulium MAFF 239450
100/100/1.00 Sigarispora caulium JCM 17669
85/76/1.00
Sigarispora caulium MFLUCC 15-0036
--/--/0.92
Sigarispora thymi MFLU 15-2131
Sigarispora junci MFLUCC 14-0938
Sigarispora scrophulariae MFLUCC 17-0689
Sigarispora coronillae MFLUCC 14 0941
Sigarispora caryophyllacearum MFLUCC 17-0749
88/89/1.00
Sigarispora muriformis MFLUCC 13-0744
Sigarispora medicaginicola MFLUCC 17-0681
99/100/1.00
Sigarispora arundinis JCM 13550
97/93/1.00
Sigarispora arundinis MAFF 239449
94/92/1.00
Sigarispora rosicola MFLU 15-1888
Sigarispora caudata MAFF 239453
98/96/1.00 Lophiopoacea winteri KT 740
87/87/1.00
Lophiopoacea winteri MAFF 239454
Lophiopoacea paramacrostoma MFLUCC 11-0463
Lophiostoma
macrostomum MAFF 239447
99/100/1.00
Lophiostoma macrostomum JCM 13545
72/67/1.00
Lophiostoma macrostomum JCM 13544
98/100/1.00 Lophiostoma semiliberum JCM 13548
Lophiostoma semiliberum MAFF
100/100/1.00 Lophiostoma multiseptatum JCM 17668
94/86/1.00
Lophiostoma multiseptatum MAFF 239451
Lophiostoma rosae TASM 6115
Lophiostoma crenatum CBS 629 86
Coelodictyosporium rosarum MFLUCC 17-0776
94/86/1.00
Coelodictyosporium muriforme MFLUCC 13-0351
--/--/0.98
Coelodictyosporium pseudodictyosporium GKM 1233
84/61/-Neopaucispora
Neopaucispora rosaecae MFLUCC 17-0807
79/66/-- Platystomum rosae MFLU 15-2569
63/--/-Platystomum rosae MFLUCC 15-0633
Platystomum salicicola MFLUCC 15-0632
Platystomum crataegi MFLUCC 14-0925
Platystomum compressum MFLUCC 13-0343
93/--/-- Platystomum actinidiae MAFF 239635
86/59/-Platystomum actinidiae KT 521
Lophiostoma viridarium IFRDCC 2090
Lophiostoma triseptatum SMH 5287
Lophiostoma triseptatum SMH 2591
Platystomum actinidiae IFRD 2014
100/90/0.97 Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 13-0442
100/100/1.00
92/--/-Guttulispora crataegi MFLUCC 14-0993
76/--/-Capulatispora sagittiformis JCM 15100
Pseudolophiostoma vitigenum MAFF 239459
100/100/1.00
Pseudolophiostoma vitigenum JCM 17676
91/85/1.00 Biappendiculispora japonica JCM 17670
100/100/1.00 Biappendiculispora japonica MAFF 239452
Biappendiculispora japonica JCM 17671
100/100/1.00 Paucispora quadrispora KH 448
100/100/1.00
Paucispora quadrispora KT 843
Paucispora versicolor MAFF 244508
Vaginatispora appendiculata MFLUCC 16-0314
78/83/-100/100/1.00
Vaginatispora appendiculata MFLUCC 13-0835
Vaginatispora aquatica MFLUCC 11-0083
100/100/1.00
Vaginatispora fuckelii MAFF 239458
98/89/1.00
Vaginatispora fuckelii JCM 17672
Massarina sp. MFLUCC 11-0577
Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034
Amorosiaceae (Outgroup)
Lophiostomataceae
82/79/1.00
0.02
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 42 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF partial sequence data.
Fifty-nine strains are included in the combined maximum likelihood
sequence analyses, which comprise 3488 characters with gaps (843
for LSU, 1012 for SSU, 675 for ITS and 943 for TEF). Angustimassarina populi (Amorosiaceae) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the ML analysis was similar to the Bayesian analysis. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 14131.515359 is presented. The matrix had 905 distinct alignment
patterns, with 16.04% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.2431, C = 0.2595, G= 0.2640,
T = 0.2334; substitution rates AC = 1.5641, AG = 2.6832, AT =
1.2726, CG = 1.0887, CT = 6.4680, GT = 1.0000; gamma distribution
shape parameter a = 0.6920. Bootstrap support values for maximum
likelihood (ML, first set) equal to or greater than 60% are given above
or below the nodes. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP, second
set) equal to or higher than 0.90 are given above or below the nodes.
Hyphen (‘‘-’’) indicates a value lower than 60% for ML and posterior
probabilities lower than 0.95 for BYPP. Ex-type strains and reference
strains are in bold. Newly generated sequences are in blue
indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium
comprising 1.5–2.8 lm wide, numerous, filamentous,
branched, septate pseudoparaphyses, situated between and
above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 61–
110 9 10–16 lm (
x = 80 9 13 lm, n = 50), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short,
bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores 19–30 9 5–7 lm (
x = 22 9 7 lm, n
= 50), overlapping bi-seriate, hyaline when young,
becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with
narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 4–5-septate, constricted
at the central septum, cells above central septum swollen,
guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
Province, near Raggio di Santa Sofia, on dried aerial spines
of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 7 October 2014, Erio
Camporesi, IT 2156 (MFLU 15-1039), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0036.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828965, LSU: MG829077,
SSU: MG829177, TEF: MG829239.
Notes: The ML analysis shows that the new strain
(MFLUCC 15-0036) clusters with Sigarispora caulium
(MAFF 239450 and JCM 17669) with strong bootstrap
support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BYPP).
Sigarispora junci Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554149; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03989; Fig. 48.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Juncus.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0178.
69
Saprobic on Juncus. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–
300 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. (
x = 268.6 9 227.6 lm, n
= 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose,
ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up
to 40–60 lm long and 20–30 lm wide, central, papillate,
with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by
gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 10–40 lm wide, wider at
the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum,
with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura
angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside,
darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable
from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 2–3 lm
wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci,
embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 120–140 9
14–18 lm (x = 130.2 9 16.4 lm, n = 40), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short,
bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores 26–33 9 6.5–8 lm (x = 28.1 9
7.2 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping,
hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, slightly curved, 5–7septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above
central septum swollen, guttulate, rough-walled, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Sheath 5–8 lm
thick, deeply constricted at the middle septum. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Juncus, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Ravenna Province, Marina
Romea, on dead aerial stems of Juncus sp. (Juncaceae), 28
November 2013, Erio Camporesi IT 1544 (MFLU 16-0178,
holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0938.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828966, LSU: MG829078,
SSU: MG829178.
Notes: Sigarispora junci shares some similar morphological characters with the type species, S. ravennica in
having 5–7-septate, fusiform, brown ascospores surrounded
by a thick mucilaginous sheath. It is distinctly different
from S. ravennica in having longer asci and ascospores
(Table 1). Phylogenetically, Sigarispora junci is closely
related to S. rosacea, but with low bootstrap support.
However, Sigarispora rosacea is different from S. junci in
having mostly curved, 5-septate ascospores with distinct
appendages (2–5 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends.
Sigarispora junci is different from other Sigarispora species in the dimensions of ascomata, asci and ascospores
(Table 1).
Sigarispora medicaginicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554150; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03990; Fig. 49.
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70
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 43 Coelodictyosporium rosarum (MFLU 17-0603, holotype) a,
b Ascomata on Rosa spines. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of
ostiole and peridium cells. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm,
e, j–o = 10 lm, f–i = 20 lm
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Medicago.
71
Holotype: MFLU 15-1976.
Saprobic on dead stems Medicago falcata subsp. romanica. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–500 lm high 300–
350 lm diam. (
x = 432.6 9 313.1 lm, n = 10), solitary,
immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole
rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up to 100–130 lm
long and 20–40 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crestlike apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous
Fig. 44 Lophiostoma rosae (TASM 6105, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Section through ostiole.
e Section through peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e–j = 20 lm, k–p = 10 lm
123
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Fig. 45 Neopaucispora rosaecae (TASM 6108, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–m = 10 lm
tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 20–40 lm wide, wider at the apex,
thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum, with
123
lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis
to textura prismatica, cells towards the inside lighter, at the
outside, darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
73
Fig. 46 Sigarispora caryophyllacearum (MFLU 18-0111, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses.
e–g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 5 lm, e–m = 20 lm
indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium
comprising 2–3 lm wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and
above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci
80–120 9 10–15 lm (x = 104.1 9 12.7 lm, n = 40),
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a
short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores 24–28 9 6.5–7 lm (x = 26.2 9
6.8 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping,
hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved, 5–6-
septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above
central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with
appendages (8–10 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) at both ends.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Medicago falcata subsp. romanica, Russia (European part, Rostov region).
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty
City, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, steppe slopes near
Grushevka river (47.7234186°N, 40.255065°E), on dead
stems of Medicago falcata L. subsp. romanica (Prodán) O.
Schwartz & Klink. (Fabaceae), 12 May 2015, Timur S.
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Table 1 Synopsis of recorded Sigarispora species discussed in this study
Taxa
Ascomata
(lm)
Ostiole (lm)
Sigarispora arundinis
320–416 9
250–310
120 9 249
S. caryophyllacearum
420–500 9
400–500
S. caudata
Asci (lm)
Ascospores (lm)
References
Size
Colour
septa
94–112.5 9
12.5–14.5
22–32.5 9
6.3–7.9
Light brown
5
Thambugala et al.
(2015)
100–160 9
50–80
80–120 9
10–12
30–40 9
7–8.5
Yellowish brown
5–9
This study
145–210 9
210–305
180 9 115
86–112.5 9
10.5–13
23.5–34.5 9
5.5–7
Dark brown
4–6
Thambugala et al.
(2015)
S. caulium
180–340 9
200–280
40–120 9
20–40
75–100 9
12–14
18–25 9 5–8
Yellowish brown
5
Thambugala et al.
(2015)
S. coronillae
350–400
–
120–140 9
14–17
20–26 9
8–10
Brown
4–5
Thambugala et al.
(2015)
9390–450
S. junci
200–300 9
200–250
40–60 9
20–30
120–140 9
14–18
26–33 9
6.5–8
Yellowish brown
5–7
This study
S. medicaginicola
400–500 9
300–350
100–130 9
20–40
80–120 9
10–15
24–28 9
6.5–7
Yellowish brown
5–6
This study
S. muriformis
425–660 9
335–560
–
84–130 9
12–18
18–28 9
7–12
Reddish brown
5–8
Tibpromma et al.
(2017)
S. ononidis
240–311.5 dia.
–
96–169 9
17–19
27–34 9
11–12
Yellowish brown to
dark brown
3–5
Li et al.
(2016a, b)
S. ravennica
211–282
–
55–70 9 9–11
18–21 9 4–6
Brown
6
Liu et al. (2015)
9121–187
S. rosicola
400–500 9
300–350
80–100 9
20–40
80–120 9
10–15
17–23 9 5–6
Yellowish brown
5
This study
S. scrophulariae
280–350 9
250–300
70–90 9
30–50
70–90 9 10–12
18–22 9 5–6
Yellowish brown
4–5
This study
S. thymi
600–700 9
450–550
150–230 9
80–100
80–120 9
12–16
23–33 9 6–7
Yellowish brown
4–6
This study
Bulgakov T-0272 (MFLU 15-1976, holotype); ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 17-0681.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828967, LSU: MG829079,
SSU: MG829179.
Notes: Phylogenetic results show Sigarispora medicaginicola to be related to S. thymi (MFLU 15-2131) with
low bootstrap support. Morphologically, Sigarispora medicaginicola differs from S. thymi in having distinct apical
and basal appendages (8–10 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) to the
ascospores. Additionally, Sigarispora caulium, S. rosacea
and S. scrophulariae also possess brown, fusiform and
narrow ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of
ascomata, asci and ascospores are different in each species
(Table 1).
Sigarispora rosicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554151; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03991; Fig. 50.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Rosa.
123
Holotype: MFLU 15-1888.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–
500 lm high 200–350 lm diam. (
x = 397.8 9 293.2 lm, n
= 10), solitary, immersed, coriaceous, black, subglobose,
ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or slit-like, variable in shape, up
to 80–100 lm long and 20–40 lm wide, central, papillate,
with a crest-like apex and a pore-like opening, plugged by
gelatinous tissue, made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 20–40 lm wide, wider at
the apex, thinner at the base, comprising a single stratum,
with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura
angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside,
darker, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable
from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–2 lm
wide, numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci
embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9
10–15 lm (x = 111.9 9 12.05 lm, n = 40), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short,
bulbous pedicel, rounded at the apex, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores 17–23 9 5–6 lm (x = 20.3 9
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 47 Sigarispora caulium (MFLU 15-1039). a, b Ascomata on
spines of Rosa canina. c Section of ascoma. d Ostiole, e Section of
partial peridium layer. The peridium comprising cells of textura
75
angularis. f Hyaline pseudoparaphyses, g–i Developing stages of asci.
j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f = 50 lm, g–
i = 20 lm, j–o = 10 lm
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76
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b Fig. 48 Sigarispora junci (MFLU 16-0178, holotype). a, b Ascomata
on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a =
1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, f, g = 20 lm, h–
m = 10 lm
77
5.2 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping,
hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly curved,
5-septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above
central septum swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled, with
Fig. 49 Sigarispora medicaginicola (MFLU 15-1976, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, i–m = 10 lm
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Fig. 50 Sigarispora rosicola (MFLU 15-1888, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole.
e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–n Ascospores. Scale
bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, g–j = 20 lm,
f, k–n = 10 lm
appendages (2–5 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Russia (European part,
Rostov region).
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Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University,
Higher Park, on twigs of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 15 April
2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0184 (MFLU 15-1888,
holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828968, LSU: MG829080,
SSU: MG829180, TEF: MG829240.
Notes: The morphological characters of Sigarispora
rosacea fit in within the generic concept of Sigarispora in
having immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, slit-like
ostioles with crest-like apex and fusiform, multi-septate,
brown ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a close
affinity to S. junci with low bootstrap support. Sigarispora
rosacea is different from S. junci in having mostly curved,
5-septate ascospores, with distinctive appendages (2–5 lm
79
long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both ends, whereas S. junci has
slightly curved, 5-7 septate ascospores surrounded by a
thick mucilaginous sheath and lacking appendages. Additionally, Sigarispora caulium, S. medicaginicola and
S. scrophulariae also have brown, fusiform and narrow
ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of the
ascomata, asci and ascospores are different in each species
(Table 1). The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and grow in culture and we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies.
Sigarispora scrophulariae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554152; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03993; Fig. 51.
Fig. 51 Sigarispora scrophulariae (MFLU 15-2121, holotype) T-417 a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses.
e Asci. f–h Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 5 lm, e = 20 lm, f–h = 10 lm
123
80
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Scrophularia.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2121.
Saprobic on dead stems of Scrophularia donetzica.
Sexual morph: Ascomata 280–350 lm high, 250–300 lm
diam. (
x = 309.2 9 281 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed,
coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or
slit-like, variable in shape, up to 70–90 lm long and
30–50 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex
and a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue,
made up of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous
cells. Peridium 10–30 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner
at the base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells
towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker, somewhat
flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 2–2.5 lm wide, numerous,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated
between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous
matrix. Asci 70–90 9 10–12 lm (x = 82.8 9 11.8 lm,
n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with pedicel (up to 20 lm long), rounded at the apex,
with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–22 9 5–6 lm (x =
20.8 9 4.5 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish-brown
at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute ends, mostly
curved, 4–5-septate, slightly constricted at the central
septum, cells above central septum wider, smooth-walled,
with appendages (2–4 lm long, 2–2.5 lm wide) at both
ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Scrophularia donetzica, European Russia.
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty
city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, single plants on
stony slopes near Grushevka river, on dead stems of
Scrophularia donetzica Kotov (the local endemic of
Donetsk ridge, possible synonym of Scrophularia rupestris
M. Bieb. ex Willd., Scrophulariaceae), 14 May 2015,
Timur S. Bulgakov T-0417 (MFLU 15-2121, holotype);
ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0689.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828969, LSU: MG829081,
SSU: MG829181.
Notes: Phylogenetically, Sigarispora scrophulariae
resides in a distinct subclade in the Sigarispora clade and is
closely related to S. coronillae with high bootstrap support.
Morphological characters defining Sigarispora species are
immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, slit-like ostiole with
crest apex and fusiform, multi-septate, brown ascospores.
Sigarispora scrophulariae can be distinguished from
S. coronillae in having 4–5-septate, fusiform with narrow
ascospores with appendages (2–4 lm long, 2–2.5 lm
wide) at both ends, whereas S. coronillae consists of
muriform (4–5 transverse septa, and 2–4 vertical septa),
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ellipsoid to fusiform ascospores without appendages. Sigarispora caulium, S. medicaginicola and S. rosicola are
also characterised by brown, fusiform and narrow ascospores with appendages, but the dimensions of ascomata,
asci and ascospores are different in each species (Table 1).
Sigarispora thymi Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554153; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03994; Fig. 52.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Thymus.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2131
Saprobic on dead stems of Thymus marshallianus.
Sexual morph: Ascomata 600–700 lm high, 450–550 lm
diam. (
x = 671.6 9 495.1 lm, n = 10), solitary, immersed,
coriaceous, black, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole rounded or
slit-like, variable in shape, up to 150–230 lm long and 80–
100 lm wide, central, papillate, with a crest-like apex and
a pore-like opening, plugged by gelatinous tissue, made up
of lightly pigmented, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium 50–100 lm wide, wider at the apex, thinner at the
base, comprising a single stratum, with lightly pigmented,
thick-walled cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica, cells towards the inside lighter, at the outside, darker,
somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the
host tissues. Hamathecium comprising 1.5–2.5 lm wide,
numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci, embedded in a
gelatinous matrix. Asci 80–120 9 12–16 lm (
x = 103.4 9
14.05 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindric-clavate, with a short, bulbous pedicel, rounded at
the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 23–33 9 6–
7 lm (
x = 27.7 9 6.3 lm, n = 50), uni to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline when young, becoming yellowish brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow, acute
ends, base is longer, mostly curved, 4–6-septate, constricted at the central septum, cells above central septum
swollen, guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Thymus marshallianus, European Russia.
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty
City, 20th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Solyonaya Balka (Salty gully), stony steppe on slope
(47.7092995°N, 40.2654719°E), on stems of Thymus
marshallianus Willd. (possible synonym of Thymus pulegioides L. subsp. pannonicus (All.) Kerguélen, Lamiaceae), 21 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0427 (MFLU
15-2131, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828970, LSU: MG829082,
SSU: MG829182, TEF: MG829241.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
81
Fig. 52 Sigarispora thymi (MFLU 15-2131, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–h Asci. i–
o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–o = 10 lm, e–h = 20 lm
123
82
Notes: Morphologically, Sigarispora thymi agrees with
other Sigarispora species in having immersed to semiimmersed ascomata, slit-like ostioles with crest-like apices
and fusiform, multi-septate, brown ascospores. Phylogenetically, it clusters together with S. medicaginicola with
low bootstrap support. However, Sigarispora medicaginicola differs from S. thymi in having distinct apical and
basal appendages to the ascospores, whereas S. thymi lacks
any appendages. In addition, Sigarispora thymi depicts
some similar morphological characters with S. caudata
such as 4–6-septate, yellowish brown ascospores.
Massarinaceae Munk, Friesia 5 (3–5): 305 (1956)
Notes: Details of this family can be seen in Hyde et al.
(2013), Tanaka et al. (2015) and Hyde et al. (2016).
Suttonomyces Wijayaw., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (2): 220 (2015)
Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2015) introduced Suttonomyces to accommodate camarosporium-like taxa in
Massarinae as a monospecific genus. In this study, we
introduce a second species in Suttonomyces. Phylograms
generated from ML and Bayesian analyses based on
combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data showed
that Suttonomyces is phylogenetically closely related to
Pseudodidymosphaeria. Suttonomyces species so far have
been reported only from their asexual morphs and there are
no studies that support any sexual connections to Pseudodidymosphaeria. However, Pseudodidymosphaeria has
phoma-like asexual morphs, while Suttonomyces has a
camarosporium-like asexual morphs. Microconidia from
Suttonomyces taxa were not observed in this study nor in
Wijayawardene et al. (2015) (Fig. 53).
Suttonomyces rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554154; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03995; Fig. 54.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0112.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: Conidiomata 64–110 lm diam. 9 110–
180 lm high (
x = 80 9 135 lm, n = 10), pycnidial,
immersed, erumpent, solitary, globose, unilocular, black,
with a long neck. Pycnidial wall 8–20 lm wide, multi–
layered, with 3–5 outer layers of brown-walled cells of
textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells 2–9 9 1.8–6 lm (
x = 6.7 9 4.3 lm; n = 25), blastic,
phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia
9–12 9 5–8 lm (
x = 11 9 7 lm; n = 30), oblong, mostly
straight, occasionally slightly curved, with 1–2-transverse
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Fig. 53 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis c
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of
Massarinaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tanaka et al.
(2015). Fourty-one strains are included in the combined sequence
analyses, which comprise 3943 characters with gaps. Single gene
analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability
compared from combinbed gene analyses. Periconia digitata (CBS
510.77) and P. pseudodigitata (KT 1395) are used as the outgroup
taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best
scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 14251.902400
is presented. The matrix had 928 distinct alignment patterns, with
31.74% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.242966, C = 0.238096, G= 0.270966, T =
0.247973; substitution rates AC = C: 1.559694, AG = 2.855840, AT =
1.958953, CG = 1.278441, CT = 9.274113, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.518406. Bootstrap support values
for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. The newly generated
sequence is in blue
septate, initially hyaline, later becoming brown to dark
brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on
dried aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 27
November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2260 (MFLU
18-0112, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC
15-0051.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828973, LSU: MG829085,
SSU: MG829185.
Notes: Suttonomyces rosae morphologically fits well
within the generic concepts of Suttonomyces and closely
ressembles the type species, S. clematidis in having blastic,
phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline conidiogenous
cells and camarosporium-like conidia. However, they are
different as paraphyses are present in Suttonomyces
clematidis, while paraphyses have not been observed in
S. rosae.
Melanommataceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze—Ascomyceten 1(2): 220 (1885)
Notes: The family Melanommataceae was established
by Winter (1885), which is typified by Melanomma pulvispyrius. There have been a number of taxonomic studies
carried out on members of the Melanommataceae
(Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009; Hyde et al. 2013; Liu et al.
2015). Recent taxonomic surveys have also revealed the
family to be highly diverse with many new species (Li
et al. 2016a; Almeida et al. 2017; Jaklitsch et al. 2017).
Tian et al. (2015) provides the most detailed monograph
with the inclusion of morphological and multi-gene (LSU,
SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) phylogenetic data. The latter
accepted 20 genera and reported a close phylogenetic
affinity to the family Pleomassariaceae.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
83
Stagonospora uniseptata CBS 135090
Stagonospora trichophoricola CBS 136764
Neottiosporina paspali CBS 331.37
Stagonospora sp. KT 903
Stagonospora pseudoperfecta KT 889
Stagonospora duoseptata CBS 135093
Stagonospora tainanensis KT 1866
83/1.00
Stagonospora perfecta CBS 135099
99/1.00
Stagonospora perfecta KT 1726A
Stagonospora pseudovitensis S602
Stagonospora pseudocaricis S610
100/1.00
Stagonospora paludosa CBS 135088
Stagonospora pseudopaludosa CPC 22654
Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii CBS 183.58
Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii MFLUCC 14-1212
Massarinaceae
92/1.00
Pseudodidymosphaeria spartii MFLUCC 13-0273
100/1.00
Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei MFLU 15-1360
100/1.00
61/0.96
Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei MFLUCC 14-1061
Suttonomyces rosae MFLUCC 15-0051
100/1.00
Suttonomyces clematidis MFLUCC 14-0240
100/1.00
88/0.99
Helminthosporium sp. H 4739
Helminthosporium velutinum H 4626
Helminthosporium sp. yone 96
Corynespora leucadendri CBS 135133
100/1.00
Helminthosporium sp. H 4743
Helminthosporium sp. yone 63
91/0.99
Helminthosporium sp. yone 38
Corynespora olivacea CBS 114450
100/1.00
Helminthosporium massarinum KT 838
Helminthosporium massarinum KT 1564 7
65/0.97
Helminthosporium magnisporum H 4627
85/1.00
Helminthosporium dalbergiae H 4628
Byssothecium circinans CBS
92/1.00
99/0.97
100/1.00
Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 14-0618
Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 13-0611
Pseudosplanchnonema phorcioides MFLUCC 13-0533
Massarina cisti CBS 266.62
100/1.00
Massarina eburnea CBS 473.64
Massarina eburnea H 3953
100/1.00
0.02
Periconia digitata CBS 510.77
Periconia pseudodigitata KT 1395
Periconiaceae (Outgroup)
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84
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Fig. 54 Suttonomyces rosae (MFLU 18-0112, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Vertical section of conidioma.
d Peridium. e–i Developing stages of conidia. j–n Conidia. Scale bars: b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, g, h = 10 lm, f, j–n = 5 lm
In a recent study, Hashimoto et al. (2017) revisited the
phlylogenetic profiles of Melanommataceae taxa (sensu
lato) and reported that Melanommataceae should be
restricted to the type genus Melanomma. In addition, they
have introduced Pseudodidymellaceae to accommodate
four genera viz. Mycodidymella, Petrakia, Pseudodidymella, and Xenostigmina. In this study we have
included all available taxa which are currently recognized
within Melanommataceae, and those introduced by Li et al.
(2016b), Hashimoto et al. (2017), Gross et al. (2017) and
Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2017). Our generated phylogenies
123
herein are similar to those of Hashimoto et al. (2017), but
we obtained more reliable backbone bootstrap support for
the Melanommataceae sensu lato group, which we believe
could be attributed to our rationale taxon sampling. Thus,
we believe the family Pseudodidymellaceae is untenable,
as not only is the family Melanommataceae strongly-supported, but also use of the new family provides considerable confusion concerning the placement of genera in the
family. An evolutionary analysis should be applied to the
data.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Marjia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554155; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03996.
Etymology: In loving memory of Majorie Phyllis Hyde
(affectionately known as Marj), 29 August 1921–18 January 2013.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong, dark
brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium thick, multi-layered,
outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising dark brown to
black cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of
hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 4–8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, sometimes
overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly
curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2-vertical septa, initially hyaline,
becoming brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends,
with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Type: Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde
Notes: Three strains of a sexual morph clustered in the
Melanommataceae as a strongly supported monophyletic
clade (Clade C, Fig. 55) in both ML and Bayesian analyses. All specimens were collected from Western Tien Shan
Mountains in Uzbekistan on Cerasus tianschanica and
Rosa species. Since taxa collected herein clearly form an
independent lineage and are phylogenetically segregated
from other genera, we introduce, Marjia, a new genus to
accommodate these species with superficial, broadly
oblong, dark brown to black ascomata, a thick peridium
comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, long pedicellate asci and ellipsoidal to subfusiform, brown, muriform ascospores. Marjia
is morphologically similar to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Uzbekistanica, Pseudostrickeria and Praetumpfia in having muriform
ascospores in Melanommataceae. But these genera are
phylogenetically apart from Marjia in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 55).
Monotosporella and Pseudotrichia show a close phylogenetic affinity to Marjia but this is not supported in ML,
MP or BI analyses. However, Monotosporella is a
hyphomycetous genus which is characterized by unbranched conidiophores (Matsushima 1975). The strains of
Pseudotrichia mutabilis are not related to any type materials and therefore it is inappropriate to rely on them for a
phylogenetic discussion. Nonetheless, Pseudotrichia is
morphologically different to Marjia in having hyaline to
85
rarely pale brown, fusoid ascospores with 1-septa (Tian
et al. 2015), while Marjia has brown, muriform ascospores.
Marjia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554156; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03997; Fig. 56.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Western Tien
Shan Mountains.
Holotype: TASM 6120.
Saprobic on Cerasus tianschanica Pojark. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 350–450 lm high, 400–500 lm diam.
(
x = 397.9 9 455.9 lm, n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong, dark brown to black, coriaceous.
Peridium 40–60 lm wide at the base, 80–110 lm wide at
the sides, multi-layered, outer layer heavily pigmented,
comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis,
inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 160–
200 9 25–30 lm (
x = 186.2 9 27.1 lm, n = 40), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate,
pedicellate (40 lm long), thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 12–17 lm (
x
= 37.2 9 14.6 lm, n = 50), uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly
curved, upper part wider than the lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, deeply constricted
at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming brown at
maturity, with narrowly rounded ends, lacking mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Cerasus tianschanica,
Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal
Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and
branches of Cerasus tianschanica (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016,
Yusufjon Gafforov YG-B32-2 (TASM 6120, holotype).
MFLU 17-0031, isotype, ibid. YG-B32-1 (TASM 6121,
paratype), MFLU 17-0030, isoparatype.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828909, MG828910, LSU:
MG829019, MG829020, SSU: MG829126, MG829127,
TEF: MG829206, MG829207.
Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies. The strains of Marjia tianschanica have a strongly supported monophyletic affinity to
M. uzbekistanica. However, they are morphologically
diferent as Marjia tianschanica has 8-spored asci, while
M. uzbekistanica has 4-spored asci.
Marjia uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana SMH 3157
Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana GKM 152N
Byssosphaeria salebrosa SMH 2387
Byssosphaeria siamensis MFLUCC 10-0099
64/61/-Byssosphaeria musae MFLUCC 11-0146
Byssosphaeria schiedermayeriana MFLUCC 10-0100
Byssosphaeria
99/95/1.00
100/87/1.00 Byssosphaeria jamaicana SMH 3085
Byssosphaeria jamaicana SMH 1403
96/90/1.00
100/91/1.00 Byssosphaeria rhodomphala SMH 3086
Byssosphaeria rhodomphala GKM L153N
Herpotrichia diffusa AFTOL-ID 1588
90/85/0.98
Byssosphaeria villosa GKM 204N
Bertiella ellipsoidea MFLU 16-0583
Bertiella
68/69/0.95
Bertiella macrospora IL 5005
Pseudostrickeria muriformis MFLUCC 13-0764
100/100/1.00
92/--/1.00
Pseudostrickeria ononidis MFLUCC 14-0949
Clade A Pseudostrickeria
Pseudostrickeria rosae MFLUCC 17-0643
97/98/1.00 Phragmocephala atra MFLUCC 15-0021
Phragmocephala
Phragmocephala sp MFLUCC 15-0018
95/--/0.98 Pleotrichocladium opacum CBS 450.70
Pleotrichocladium opacum CBS 709.92
--/--/0.98
94/--/-Pleotrichocladium
Pleotrichocladium opacum CCF2728
Pleotrichocladium opacum FMR 12088
100/100/1.00
Pleotrichocladium opacum AU BD04
99/97/1.00
Sarimanas shirakamiense MAFF 244768
79/--/1.00
Sarimanas
Sarimanas shirakamiense MAFF 242969
--/--/0.97
Sarimanas pseudofluviatile MAFF 239465
100/100/1.00 Monoseptella rosae MFLUCC 17-0815
Monoseptella
Clade B
Monoseptella rosae TASM 6114
94/96/1.00 Marjia tianschanica TASM 6120
100/100/1.00
Marjia
Marjia tianschanica TASM 6121
Clade C
Marjia uzbekistanica TASM 6122
100/100/1.00
Monotosporella tuberculata CBS 256.84
Monotosporella
Pseudotrichia mutabilis SMH 1541
Pseudotrichia
Pseudotrichia mutabilis PM1
100/98/1.00
Herpotrichia macrotricha GKM 196N
Herpotrichia
Herpotrichia macrotricha SMH 269
Herpotrichia vaginatispora MFLUCC 13-0865
79/67/1.00 Pseudodidymella fagi KT3074.3
Pseudodidymella fagi RF5
83/67/1.00
Pseudodidymella fagi KT3058
99/100/1.00
Pseudodidymella fagi H2579
95/94/1.00
Pseudodidymella fagi AH561
100/100/1.00
Pseudodidymella minima KT2918
Pseudodidymella minima AH556
Mycodidymella aesculi AH560
90/92/0.99 Mycodidymella aesculi KT3060
Mycodidymella aesculi H2620
Mycodidymella aesculi H2610
Xenostigmina zilleri CBS 115686
70/67/-Xenostigmina zilleri CBS 115685
Petrakia aceris CBS 115685
Petrakia aceris CBS 115686
92/88/1.00
Petrakia aceris CBS 124108
Petrakia aceris CBS 124109
Petrakia echinata L54
Petrakia echinata CBS133070
100/98/1.00
Petrakia echinata L55
97/87/1.00
Petrakia echinata CBS133072
100/62/-- Seifertia shangrilaensis MFLUCC 16-0238
Seifertia azaleae DAOM 239136
Seifertia azaleae DAOM 239135
‘Pseudodidymellaceae’
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b Fig. 55 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of
Melanommataceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tian et al.
(2015) and Hashimoto et al. (2017). One hundred and twenty strains
are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise
3956 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed
and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene
analyses. Cyclothyriella rubronotata (CBS 121892, CBS 141486) are
used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was
similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final
likelihood value of - 21274.297790 is presented. The matrix had
1229 distinct alignment patterns, with 35.63% of undetermined
characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A =
0.245859, C = 0.240511, G= 0.271370, T = 0.242261; substitution
rates AC = 1.431361, AG = 3.568673, AT = 1.723593, CG =
0.947507, CT = 9.960150, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape
parameter a = 0.621870. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix
resulted in the maximum of two equally most parsimonious trees
(Tree scores as follows: TL= 3156 steps, CI = 0.414, RI = 0.756, RC
= 0.313, HI = 0.586 for the first tree). Bootstrap support values for
ML (first set) and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated
sequences are in blue
Index Fungorum number: IF554157; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03998; Fig. 57.
Etymology: Name reflects Uzbekistan, from where the
species was collected.
Holotype: TASM 6122.
Saprobic on Rosa species. Sexual morph: Ascomata
350–450 lm high, 350–425 lm diam. (
x = 406.7 9
389.6 lm, n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly
oblong, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10–
20 lm wide at the base, 40–80 lm wide at the sides, multilayered, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising dark
brown to black cells of textura angularis, inner layer
composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous,
branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 180–210 9 17–
20 lm (
x = 196.9 9 17.9 lm, n = 40), 4-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate (50 lm long), thickwalled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 32–36 9 12–16 lm (
x = 33.2 9 14.9 lm, n = 50),
uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, ellipsoidal to
subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the
lower part, 5–7 transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical
septa, deeply constricted at the central septum, initially
hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, with narrowly
rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa sp., Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal
Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and
branches of Rosa spp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon
87
Gafforov YG-B19-1 (TASM 6122, holotype), MFLU
17-0179, isotype.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828911, LSU: MG829021,
SSU: MG829128, TEF: MG829208.
Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies. Marjia uzbekistanica is different from all other members in Melanommataceae by its
4-spored asci.
Melanocucurbitaria Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554158; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03999.
Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the cucurbitaria-like species in Melanommataceae.
Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual
morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, immersed or
semi errumpant, coriaceous, black, globose to subglobose,
ostiolate. Ostiole central, with a papilla. Peridium composed of 3–5 layers, with brown to reddish brown cells of
textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter and at the
outside, darker, sometimes fusing and indistinguishable
from the host tissues. Hamathecium comprising numerous,
filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a pedicel, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores
uniseriate, sometimes overlapping, muriform, mostly
ellipsoidal, with 6–8 transverse septa and 2–4-longitudinal
septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially
hyaline, becoming golden brown to brown at maturity,
asymmetrical, with broadly rounded ends, with or without
a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Melanocucurbitaria morphologically ressembles
Gemmamyces, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria and
Praetumpfia in having muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. Although there is some morphological overlap
between Melanocucurbitaria and the above-mentioned
genera, it can be easily distinguished by the comparatively
large ascomata and thin peridium. Our multigene phylogeny also provides further evidence to support our new
generic establishment of Melanocucurbitaria as phylogenetic distinct from all other Melanommataceae genera
sampled herein, albeit with no support (Clade F, Fig. 55).
Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554159; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04000; Fig. 58.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of
Uzbekistan, from where the species was collected.
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
77/92/0.99
100/100/1.00
Melanommataceae
Muriformistrickeria rubi MFLUCC 15-0681
Muriformistrickeria
Muriformistrickeria rubi MFLUCC 17-2550
Clade D
Muriformistrickeria rosae MFLU 16-0227
91/90/1.00
Melanodiplodia tianschanica TASM 6111
100/100/1.00
Melanodiplodia tianschanica TASM 6112
Clade E Melanodiplodia
Melanodiplodia
tianschanica
MFLUCC
17-0805
60/66/0.98
Herpotrichia juniperi AFTOL-ID 1608
Alpinaria rhododendri KT2520
100/100/1.00 Alpinaria rhododendri MP4
Alpinaria
Alpinaria rhododendri ANM 73
Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica MFLUCC 17-0829 Melanocucurbitaria
Clade F
Beverwykella pulmonaria
Beverwykella
Melanomma pulvis pyrius KT2110
Melanomma pulvis pyrius MPP
Melanomma pulvis pyrius KT2113
Melanomma pulvis pyrius AH375
Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH77
Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH86
Melanomma pulvis pyrius KH197
70/61/-Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 124080
Melanomma
95/75/1.00 Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 109.77
Aposphaeria populina CBS 350.82
98/77/1.00
Aposphaeria populina CBS 543.70
Melanomma pulvis pyrius CBS 371.75
99/98/1.00
90/83/1.00 Melanomma japonicum HH26520
Melanomma japonicum KT3028
98/97/1.00
Melanomma japonicum KT3425
Melanomma japonicum KT2076
100/100/1.00 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0819
92/99/1.00 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae MFLUCC 17-0820
Clade G Uzbekistanica
99/98/1.00 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika MFLUCC 17-0809
Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika MFLUCC 17-0842
--/--/0.99
Aposphaeria corallinolutea PD 83.367
97/--/0.97 Aposphaeria corallinolutea MFLUCC 14-0504
Aposphaeria
Aposphaeria corallinolutea PD 83.831
Praetumpfia obducens C20
Praetumpfia obducens C151
100/100/1.00
Praetumpfia obducens CuO
100/100/1.00
Praetumpfia
100/100/1.00 Praetumpfia obducens C54
99/72/-- Praetumpfia obducens C56
Praetumpfia obducens C2
Gemmamyces piceae C260
Gemmamyces piceae C199
100/100/1.00
Gemmamyces
Gemmamyces piceae C251
Gemmamyces piceae C209
93/81/1.00
Alternaria alternata CBS 916.96
Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75
92/--/1.00
Massarina ebrunea CBS 473.64
Neoophiosphaerella sasicola MAFF 239644
84/--/1.00
Teichospora trabicola CBS 140730
Lophiostoma arundinis CBS 621.86
100/100/1.00 Cyclothyriella rubronotata CBS 141486
100/100/1.00
Cyclothyriella rubronotata CBS 121892
100/100/1.00
Roussoella verrucispora CBS 125434
Nigrograna obliqua CBS 141475
Massaria inquinans CBS 125591
100/--/1.00
Hysterium pulicare CBS123377
Hysteriaceae (Outgroup)
Hysterobrevium mori CBS123563
0.03
Fig. 55 continued
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89
Fig. 56 Marjia tianschanica (TASM 6120, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–
h Asci. i–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm
Holotype: TASM 6109.
Saprobic on various dead flowering plants. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 500–700 lm high 550–750 lm diam. (
x
= 619.6 9 624.2 lm, n = 10), black, semi-immersed,
coriaceous, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole filled
with brown cells. Peridium 25–35 lm wide at the base, 15–
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 57 Marjia uzbekistanica (TASM 6122, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses.
f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm
123
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91
Fig. 58 Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica (TASM 6109, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm
123
92
20 lm wide at the sides, multi-layered, outer layer heavily
pigmented, thin-walled, comprising reddish brown to dark
brown, loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner
layer composed pale brown to hyaline, flattened, thickwalled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 2–3.5 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched,
septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 280–300 9 19–23 lm (
x=
289.1 9 21.4 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded, with a minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 37–47 9 17–19 lm (
x = 42 9
17.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly
ellipsoidal, with 6–8 transverse septa and 3–4 longitudinal
septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially
hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical,
broadly rounded at the ends, surrounded by a mucilaginous
sheath when immature, lacking a mucilaginous sheath at
maturity. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Acer pubescens Franch,
Uzbekistan.
Material examined: Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Province,
Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar
Mountains, on branches of Acer pubescens (Sapindaceae),
13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S50-1 (TASM 6109,
holotype); 38°150 53.8600 N, 67°170 27.8600 E; MFLU
17-0194, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0829.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828912, LSU: MG829022,
SSU: MG829129, TEF: MG829209.
Notes: Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica is morphologically similar to Cucurbitaria species with respect to
their asci and ascospores. There are however, clear differences in peridium characters: Melanocucurbitaria
uzbekistanica has a thin peridium, with 1–3 layers, while
Cucurbitaria species have a thick peridium with multilayers. The two genera are also not phylogenetically closely related, while Cucurbitaria is a strongly-supported
genus in Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporineae (Wanasinghe
et al. 2017a). Cucurbitaria-like species are widespread in
Uzbekistan (Gafforov 2017). It is necessary also to conduct
molecular phylogenetic studies to solve systematics of
cucurbitaria-like species from arid and semi-arid regions of
Central Asia.
Melanodiplodia Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554160; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04001.
Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to the diplodialike members in Melanommataceae.
Saprobic on dead twigs in terrestrial habitats. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata
pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to
immersed in the host, globose to supglobose, dark brown to
black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium multi-layered, outer
layer comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, blackish
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to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells.
Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a
single conidium at the apex. Conidia initially hyaline,
unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate while still
attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline,
sepia or blackish brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on
the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex
obtuse, base truncate or rounded.
Type: Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde
Notes: Melanodiplodia is a diplodia-like genus which
comprises 1-septate and brown conidia similar to taxa in
Coniothyrium, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Forliomyces,
Neodeightonia, Paulkirkia, Placodiplodia, Prillieuxina,
Spencermartinsia (Wijayawardene et al. 2016). These
genera are not melanommataceous. Neodeightonia and
Placodiplodia do not have available sequence data in
GenBank for a DNA based comparision.
Melanodiplodia tianschanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554161; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04002; Fig. 59.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Westren Tien
Shan Mountain, from which the species was collected.
Holotype: TASM 6110.
Saprobic on dead twigs of Rosa ecae. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 200–
300 lm high 9 150–200 lm diam. (
x = 245.7 9 179.9 lm,
n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer
comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, blackish to
dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising hyaline
or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–7 lm high 9 3–4 lm wide, holoblastic,
cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium
produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single
conidium at the apex. Conidia 6–8 9 6–6.5 lm (
x = 7.75 9
6.22 lm, n = 30), initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming
dark brown and 1-septate while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or blackish
brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled,
wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface,
oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base
rounded, sometimes guttulate when young.
Known distribution: On Rosa ecae, Uzbekistan.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
93
Fig. 59 Melanodiplodia tianschanica (TASM 6110, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma
d Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells e–h Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 10 lm, d–h = 5 lm
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal
Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on branches Rosa
ecae (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-
B14-1 (TASM 6110, holotype); MFLU 17-0165, isotype,
ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0805. ibid. YG- B14-2
(TASM 6111, paratype). ibid MFLU 17-0166,
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94
isoparatype, Rosa sp., 7 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov
YG- B25-2 (TASM 6112). duplicate: MFLU 17-0108.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828913, MG828914,
MG828915, LSU: MG829023, MG829024, MG829025,
SSU: MG829130, MG829131, MG829132, TEF:
MG829210, MG829211, MG829212, RPB2: MG829256,
MG829257.
Notes: In this study we have obtained three cultures
from specimens, collected from dead twigs of Rosaceae in
Uzbekistan. DNA sequence analyses herein cluster all
isolates in a strongly-supported monophyletic clade sister
to Muriformistrickeria (Clade E, Fig. 55). There are no
sexual records for Melanodiplodia tianschanica sp. nov.
strains and therefore, we cannot compare them with the
remaining taxa in this family with respect to their sexual
characteristics. Hence, we rely strongly on our phylogeny
for generic differentiation.
Monoseptella Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554162; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04003.
Etymology: The generic epithet, refers to 1-septate
ascospores.
Saprobic on dead twigs and stems of rose species in
terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial,
aggregated or clustered in groups beneath the host epidermis, often in large numbers, variable in shape, mostly
globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, with or
without a papilla. Peridium composed of 5–7 layers with
brown to reddish-brown cells of textura globosa-angularis,
cells towards the inside lighter and at the outside, darker.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a pedicel, apically rounded
with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate,
broadly fusoid to cylindrical, incidentally slightly curved,
smooth- and thin-walled, hyaline, uniseptate, with or
without surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Type: Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde
Notes: Monoseptella ressembles Asymmetricospora,
Byssosphaeria, Herpotrichia and Sarimanas in having
1-septate, hyaline ascospores. There is no DNA sequence
data for Asymmetricospora to assess any potential phylogenetic relationships. However, they are different in ascomatal and ascal characteristics. Monoseptella has globose
to subglobose ascomata and cylindrical asci, while Asymmetricospora has lenticular ascomata and clavate asci
(Tian et al. 2015). Among the species identified as Herpotrichia, they do not display a close phylogenetic affinity
to Monoseptella. However, there are some morphological
differences between Monoseptella and Herpotrichia. The
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latter is characterized by guttulate and ellipsoidal ascospores, whereas Monoseptella has broadly cylindrical
ascospores without any guttules. Sarimanas also a member
which shares close phylogenetic relationship to Monoseptella (Clade B, Fig. 55). They are however, different as
Sarimanas has broadly fusiform to ellipsoidal ascospores,
while Monoseptella has broadly cylindrical ascospores
(Fig. 60). There is no asexual record of Monoseptella
species and Pleotrichocladium is the only possible link to
their asexual morph, since Pleotrichocladium shares a
sister relationship to Monoseptella in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. If in future studies Monoseptella and Sarimanas share trichocladium-like asexual morphs, it is wise
to place all three genera (Monoseptella, Pleotrichocladium
and Sarimanas) in one genus. While we realize that these
genera might represent a heterogeneous assemblage of
species with no clear cut significant morphs for generic
delineation, we rely mostly on our phylogenetic results to
give taxonomic ranks to our taxa collected herein. A different scenario may occur with the discovery of similar
fungi and their asexual morphs with more sampling.
Monoseptella rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554163; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04004; Fig. 60.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6113.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–
450 lm high 400–500 lm diam. (
x = 416 9 433.4 lm, n =
10), superficial, aggregated or clustered in groups beneath
the host epidermis, often in large numbers, variable in
shape, mostly globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole
apapillate, filled with hyaline to brown cells. Peridium 50–
80 lm, thickened near the apex, thinner at base (30–
40 lm), 2-layered, with outer wall composed of irregular
pseudoparenchymatous, thick-walled, reddish brown cells
of textura globosa-angularis and inner layer composed of
flattened, thin, hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3.5 lm (n = 40) wide,
filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
130–160 9 11–13 lm (
x = 146.9 9 12.5 lm, n = 40), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate,
pedicellate, with a small but distinct ocular chamber and an
inconspicuous apical ring. Ascospores 20–23 9 5.5–
6.5 lm (
x = 21.6 9 6.1 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, broadly fusoid to cylindrical, incidentally slightly
curved, smooth- and thin-walled, hyaline, uniseptate,
slightly constricted at the septum, surrounded by a large
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On rose species, Uzbekistan.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
95
Fig. 60 Monoseptella rosae (TASM 6113, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium.
h Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. j–m Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d–g = 20 lm, h–m = 10 lm
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96
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Machay Village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 29
August 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-ma33 (TASM 6113,
holotype); MFLU 17-0134, isotype, ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0815, same place on Cerasus erythrocarpa
Nevski (Rosaceae), YG-ma24 (TASM 6114, paratype).
MFLU 17-0184 isoparatype.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828916, MG828917, LSU:
MG829026, MG829027, SSU: MG829133, MG829134,
TEF: MG829213, MG829214.
Notes: Monoseptella rosae closely ressembles Bicrouania maritima in having similar ascomatal and ascal characteristics. However, there is no available molecular data
for Bicrouania maritima to compare with Monoseptella
rosae (Jones et al. 2015).
Muriformistrickeria Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 299 (2015)
Notes: Tian et al. (2015) introduced Muriformistrickeria
as a monotypic genus to accommodate Muriformistrickeria
rubi. They considered muriform ascospores to be the
diagnostic character in this genus. In addition, Muriformistrickeria has cylindric-clavate asci with short pedicels and coelomycetous asexual morphs with pycnidial
conidiomata and hyaline conidia (Tian et al. 2015). In this
study, we introduce a second species to Muriformistrickeria based on phylogenetic evidence and presence of
muriform ascospores and the asexual morph of the type
species, Muriformistrickeria rubi.
Muriformistrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554164; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04005; Fig. 61.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0227
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–220 lm high, 300–350 lm diam. (
x =
198.89325.8 lm, n = 5), superficial, solitary, scattered,
broadly oblong and flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 30–50 lm high 40–70 lm diam.
(
x = 42.3 9 54.7 lm, n = 5), black, ostiolar canal filled
with hyaline cells. Peridium 15–25 lm wide at the base,
25–40 lm wide at the sides, two layers, outer layer heavily
pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish to dark brown
cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline
thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–100 9 11–17 lm
(
x = 93.9 9 13.8 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-
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walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 15–23 9 6–10 lm (
x = 19.3 9 8.2 lm, n = 50),
overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider than the lower
part, 3–4-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum,
deeply constricted at the central septum, hyaline, with
rounded ends, without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near
Ortignano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 29 September 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2129
(MFLU 16-0227, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828918, LSU: MG829028,
SSU: MG829135, TEF: MG829215.
Notes: Muriformistrickeria rosae clusters with M. rubi
(Clade D, Fig. 55) with high support. Despite this phylogenetic relatedness, we consider them as different species.
Both species have been collected from Italy, but from
different hosts: M. rosae from Rosa; M. rubi from Rubus
sp. Morphologically, these two-species are similar in
ascomatal characters with muriform ascospores. However,
they differ from each other based on other ascospore
characteristics; Muriformistrickeria rosae has hyaline,
subfusiform, slightly curved ascospores with 3–4 transverse septa and with 1 vertical septum, while M. rubi has
mostly ellipsoidal, ascospores with 4–6 transverse septa
and 1–2 vertical septa, which are initially light yellow,
becoming yellowish-brown at maturity. We did not obtain
an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the
fruiting bodies.
Muriformistrickeria rubi Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 300 (2015)
Index Fungorum number: IF551597; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04006; Fig. 62.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: See
Tian et al. (2015). Asexual morph: Conidiomata 150–
200 lm high 9 250–350 lm diam. (
x = 179.7 9 297.9 lm,
n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to
black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, outer
layer comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, thickwalled, comprising blackish to dark brown, angular cells,
inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells
5–8 lm high 9 3–5 lm wide, holoblastic, cylindrical to
subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium produced
holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically
forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings,
swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single conidium
at the apex. Conidia 4–5.5 9 2–2.5 lm (
x = 4.4 9 2.2 lm,
n = 30), initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming light
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
97
Fig. 61 Muriformistrickeria rosae (MFLU 16-0227, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d
Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h–l Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c = 50 lm, e–g = 20 lm, d, e–i = 10 lm
brown, moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth,
roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the
center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate
when young.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Sweden, Italy.
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Fig. 62 Muriformistrickeria rubi (MFLU 17-2640) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma d Conidia
attached to conidiogenous cells e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e = 10 lm
Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Långevik
58°520 51.000 N 11°000 31.000 E, on spines of Rosa (Rosaceae),
June 2017, E.B.G. Jones GJ377B (MFLU 17-2643), living
culture MFLUCC 17-2550.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828919, LSU: MG829029,
SSU: MG829136, TEF: MG829216.
Notes: Tian et al. (2015) introduced Muriformistrickeria
rubi from a branch of Rubus sp. in Italy as a muriform
spored sexual morph taxon in Melanommataceae. During
our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Sweden, an
isolate was recovered from Rosa spines in Koster Islands.
Morphological characters such as conidiophores and
conidia fit well within the asexual morph of Muriformistrickeria rubi which was derived from culture. In our
phylogenetic study, this new strain clusters with Muriformistrickeria rubi sister to M. rosae (Clade D, Fig. 55).
Comparison of ITS and TEF sequence data reveals there is
123
no significant difference (\5 bp differences) between our
new isolate and Muriformistrickeria rubi. Therefore, we
introduce our new isolate as a new host record herein.
Pseudostrickeria Q. Tian, Wanas., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 74: 306 (2015)
Notes: Pseudostrickeria was introduced by Tian et al.
(2015) to accommodate Pseudostrickeria muriformis and
P. ononidis based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we introduce P. rosae as a novel species
in Pseudostrickeria. These three strains form a monotypic
clade (Clade E, Fig. 55) in Melanommataceae with strong
bootstrap support.
Pseudostrickeria rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554165; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04007; Fig. 63.
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99
Fig. 63 Pseudostrickeria rosae (MFLU 16-0231, holotype) a Ascomata on host spines. b Section of ascoma. c Ostiole. d Peridium. e–i Asci. j–
n Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 50 lm, c–i = 20 lm, j–n = 10 lm
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0231
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 180–200 lm high 180–210 lm diam. (
x
=186.79187.3 lm, n = 5) immersed to erumpent, solitary,
scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black,
coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 25–30 lm high 15–30 lm
diam. (
x =27.3922.7 lm, n = 5), black, smooth, ostiolar
canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at
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100
the base, 5–15 lm wide at the sides, with 4–6 layers, outer
layer heavily pigmented, comprising reddish to dark brown
cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline,
thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.7 lm wide, filamentous, branched,
septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm (
x=
102.3 9 11.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 13–18 9 5–7 lm (
x=
16.3 9 6.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform,
ellipsoidal, upper part wider than the lower part, 3–4
transversely septate, with 2–3 vertical septa, longitudinal
septa often in mid cells only, slightly constricted at the
septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, ends
sometimes paler, with rounded ends, wall firm, dark,
smooth-walled, guttulate, without a mucilaginous sheath.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena,
Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on dead
aerial spines of Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 3 December 2014,
Erio Camporesi IT 2198 (MFLU 16-0231, holotype); extype living culture, MFLUCC 17-0643.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828954, LSU: MG829065,
SSU: MG829169, TEF: MG829234.
Notes: Pseudostrickeria rosae is similar to P. muriformis and P. ononidis in having muriform ascospores and
subglobose ascomata. Their asci and ascospore shapes are
different. Pseudostrickeria muriformis and P. ononidis
have cylindric-clavate asci, a biseriate ascospore arrangement and asymmetrical ascospores with one side flattened,
with 1–3-longitudinal septa (Tian et al. 2015), while
P. rosae has cylindrical asci, a uniseriate ascospore
arrangement and symmetrical ascospores with 1-longitudinal septum.
Uzbekistanica Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554166; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04008.
Etymology: Name reflects Uzbekistan.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong and
flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, black, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with
brown to hyaline cells. Peridium outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising reddish to dark brown
cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline
thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at
the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uni- to biseriate, muriform, ellipsoidal, mostly
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symetrical, upper part wider than the lower part, initially
hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to brown at maturity,
with narrowly rounded ends, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to
immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer
comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, thick-walled,
comprising blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner
layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented,
thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, the first conidium
produced holoblastically and subsequent conidia enteroblastically, forming typical phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base, discrete, producing a single
conidium at the apex. Conidia initially hyaline, unicellular,
becoming dark brown and 1-septate, while still attached to
conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or
brown, unicellular or 1-septate, moderately thick-walled,
wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface,
oval to ovoid, widest in the center, apex obtuse, base
rounded, sometimes guttulate when young.
Type: Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov
& K.D. Hyde
Notes: Two strains of a sexual morph (Uzbekistanica
rosae-hissaricae) and two strains of the asexual morph
(U. yakutkhanika) clustered in Melanommataceae as a
strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade G, Fig. 55)
in both ML and Bayesian analyses. All of these specimens
were collected from Omonxona Village in Uzbekistan on
Rosa species. Since taxa collected herein clearly form an
independent lineage and are phylogenetically segregated
from other genera, we introduce, Uzbekistanica, a new
genus to accommodate these species with broadly oblong
ascomata, cells of textura angularis in the peridium, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. cylindrical
to cylindric-clavate asci, muriform, ellipsoidal, yellowishbrown to brown ascospores, globose conidiomata, angular
cells in the pycnidial wall, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline conidiogenous cells and 1-septate sepia
or brown conidia. Uzbekistanica is morphologically similar
to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria, Praetumpfia and Marjia in having
muriform ascospores in Melanommataceae. The phylogenetic affinities of Uzbekistanica however, lack statistical
support to establish relationships (Fig. 55).
Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554167; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04009; Fig. 64.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host species
Rosa hissarica.
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101
Fig. 64 Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae (TASM 6116, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, e, h–k = 10 lm
Holotype: TASM 6116.
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102
Saprobic on Rosa hissarica. Sexual morph: Ascomata
450–550 lm high 400–500 lm diam. (
x = 490 9 470 lm,
n = 5) superficial, solitary, scattered, broadly oblong and
flattened, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 60–100 lm high 150–170 lm diam. (
x = 88.5 9
164.7 lm, n = 5), papillate, black, smooth, ostiolar canal
filled with brown to hyaline cells. Peridium 40–60 lm
wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides, with 6–8
layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, comprising reddish
to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thick-walled cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–4 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 170–
190 9 16–22 lm (
x = 182.1 9 19.4 lm, n = 20), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate,
pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular
chamber. Ascospores 25–30 9 13–16 lm (
x = 28.2 9
14.9 lm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, ellipsoidal, mostly symetrical, upper part wider than the lower
part, 4–5-transversely septate, with 1-vertical septum,
deeply constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline,
becoming yellowish-brown to brown at maturity, with
narrowly rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov
(Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S43-2
(TASM 6116, holotype), 38°150 34.3200 N, 67°170 56.3000 E;
ibit. MFLU 17-0154, isotype, ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0819. ibid. YG-S43-3 (TASM 6117, paratype); MFLU 17-0155, isoparatype, ex-paratype living
culture, MFLUCC 17-0820.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828975, MG828976, LSU:
MG829087, MG829088, SSU: MG829187, MG829188,
TEF: MG829242, MG829243, RPB2: MG829262,
MG829263.
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Uzbekistan, two sexual isolates (Uzbekistanica
rosae-hissaricae) were recovered from Rosa hissarica in
South-Western Hissar Mountains. Morphological characters such as cylindrical to cylindric-clavate and muriform,
ellipsoidal ascospores similar to Gemmamyces, Melanocucurbitaria, Muriformistrickeria, Pseudostrickeria,
Praetumpfia and Marjia in having muriform ascospores in
Melanommataceae. However, the phylogenetic affinities of
Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae to above mentioned genera
are not closely related (Clade G, Fig. 55). Uzbekistanica
rosae-hissaricae forms a strongly-supported monophyletic
clade with another two strains of the asexual morphs
(M. yakutkhanika).
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Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554168; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04010; Fig. 65.
Etymology: yakutkhanika (Lat.) in honour of Uzbek
mycologist, Dr. Salieva Yakutkhan (1966-2003) for her
contribution to study microfungi of Uzbekistan.
Holotype: TASM 6118.
Saprobic on Rosa species. Sexual morph: Undetermined Asexual morph: Conidiomata 90–150 lm high 9
120–180 lm diam. (
x = 117.7 9 154.8 lm, n = 10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to
immersed in the host, globose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Peridium 20–30 lm wide, outer layer
comprising 3–4 layers, heavily pigmented, comprising
blackish to dark brown, angular cells, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline or lightly pigmented, thickwalled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells 3–5 lm high 9
4–6 lm wide, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical,
hyaline, the first conidium produced holoblastically and
subsequent conidia enteroblastically, forming typical
phialides with periclinal thickenings, swollen at the base,
discrete, producing a single conidium at the apex. Conidia
5–7 9 3.5–4 lm (
x = 6.4 9 3.8 lm, n = 30), initially
hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown and 1-septate
while still attached to conidiogenous cells; detached conidia, hyaline, sepia or brown, unicellular or 1-septate,
moderately thick-walled, wall externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface, oval to ovoid, widest in the
center, apex obtuse, base rounded, sometimes guttulate
when young.
Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Xojikent Village, Ugam range, Western
Tien Shan Mountains, on branches of Rosa sp., 10 April
2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-Oq107-2 (TASM 6118,
holotype); MFLU 17-0175, isotype, ex-isotype living
culture, MFLUCC 17-0842. ibid. Surxondaryo Province,
Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western Hissar
Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov
(Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-2
(TASM 6119); duplicate MFLU 17-0129, living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0809.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828977, MG828978, LSU:
MG829089, MG829090, SSU: MG829189, MG829190,
TEF: MG829244, MG829245, RPB2: MG829264,
MG829265.
Notes: Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika is similar to Diplodia, Dothiorella and Neodeightonia in having ellipsoidal,
1-septate, brown conidia. But these morphologically similar genera are not closely related to Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika in the phylogenetic analyses.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
103
Fig. 65 Uzbekistanica yakutkhanika (TASM 6118, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate c Vertical section through a conidioma
d Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e = 10 lm
Paradictyoarthriniaceae Doilom, J.K. Liu & K.D.
Hyde, Fungal Diversity 72: 133 (2015)
Notes: The family Paradictyoarthriniaceae was established to accommodate the genus Paradictyoarthrinium in
Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes based on its unique morphology and distinct lineage in the phylogenetic analysis
(Liu et al. 2015; Doilom et al. 2017). Paradictyoarthrinium
was introduced as a monotypic genus by Matsushima
(1996) with Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum as the type
species. This family accommodates hyphomycetous taxa.
In this study, we introduce a sexual morph genus, namely
Xenomassariosphaeria, in the family.
Xenomassariosphaeria Jayasiri, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde,
gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553969, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03865.
Etymology: Xeno = ne9mo1 in Greek, distinct; Massariosphaeria = massariosphaeria-like
Saprobic on terrestrial plant parts. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent
through host tissue, small black dots on the host surface,
uniloculate, globose to subglobose, with papillate ostioles.
Peridium thick-walled, of unequal thickness, composed of
6–8 layers, hyaline inner layers to brown outer layer,
pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis to textura globulosa. Hamathecium composed of
numerous, 1.5–2 lm wide, filamentous, cellular pseudoparaphyses, with distinct septa, embedded in mucilaginous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
broadly cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, subsessile to short
pedicellate, apically rounded with well-developed ocular
chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2 seriate, fusiform,
123
104
asymmetric, hyaline to brown, 6–8-septate, slightly curved,
constricted at the septa, thick-walled with sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Type species: Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri,
Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde
Notes: In this study we introduced a new genus based on
Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. This species is morphologically somewhat similar with other Massariosphaeria spp.
in having transversely septate ascospores, which are relatively large, thick-walled, and surrounded by a prominent
gelatinous sheath (Tanaka and Harada 2004). However,
based on morphology alone, it has been difficult to assess
its familial position and its affinities to other species in this
genus (Wang et al. 2007a). Therefore, we introduce
Xenomassariosphaeria as a new genus within the family
Paradictyoarthriniaceae. Paradictyoarthrinium is a
hyphomycetous genus and this is the first record of its
sexual morph. However, Xenomassariosphaeria and
Paradictyoarthrinium are phylogenetically distinct genera
and well segregated with high support (96% ML and 1.00
BYPP, Fig. 66) in our phylogeny.
Xenomassariosphaeria rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554069, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03849, Fig. 67.
Etymology: Reference to host genus Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1073
Synonymy: Massariosphaeria roumeguerei (Sacc.)
Leuchtm. [as ‘roumegueri’], Sydowia 37: 173 (1984)
Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata
200–230 lm high, 240–290 lm diam., scattered, gregarious semi-immersed to erumpent through host tissue, small
black dots on the host surface, uniloculate, globose to
subglobose, with papillate ostioles. Peridium 35–40 lm
wide, thick-walled, of unequal thickness, composed of 6–8
layers, hyaline inner layers to brown outer layer, pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textural angularis to
textural globulosa. Hamathecium composed of numerous,
1.5–2 lm wide, filamentous, cellular pseudoparaphyses,
with distinct septa, embedded in mucilaginous matrix. Asci
(70–)90–110 lm high, 13–18 lm diam (
x = 95 9 16 lm, n
= 20), 8 spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical
to cylindric clavate, subsessile to short pedicellate, apical
rounded with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores
34–38 9 5–7 lm (
x = 36 9 6 lm), overlapping 1–2 seriate,
fusiform, asymmetric, hyaline to brown, 6–7-septate,
slightly curved, constricted at the septa, thick–walled with
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characters: Colonies grow on MEA, reaching
2 cm diam after 2 weeks at 18 °C, later with dense
mycelium, circular, smooth, irregular margin, off white to
pink after 2 weeks, reverse pink to red layers, flat on the
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 66 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis c
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF sequenced data.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/) and Tibpromma et al. (2017). Forty-six strains are
included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 4257
characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and
topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Roccella fuciformis (AFTOL-ID 126 and Ertz 5003) and Schismatomma decolorans (DUKE 47570) are used as the outgroup taxa.
Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best
scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 27513.122574
is presented. The matrix had 1594 distinct alignment patterns, with
33.57% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.250818, C = 0.244243, G= 0.270547,
T = 0.234392; substitution rates AC = 1.789851, AG = 4.615287, AT
= 1.643972, CG = 1.174199, CT = 9.879623, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.411502. Bootstrap support values
for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 70%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above or below the nodes. The newly
generated sequence is in blue
surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched,
hyaline, thin-walled, produce pink pigment to the culture.
Known distribution: On dead spines of Rosa canina
(Rosaceae) in Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena
[FC], Converselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, on
dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 3
December 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2274 (MFLU 15-0179
holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0179.
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829092, SSU: MG829192.
Notes: In this study we introduced a new species
accommodated in the family Paradictyoarthriniaceae and
genus Xenomassariosphaeria. Xenomassariosphaeria
rosae clades with Massariosphaeria roumeguerei (CBS
612.86) with high statistical support (100% ML and 1.00
BYPP, Fig. 66). However, Massariosphaeria roumeguerei
is not related to any type material and it was introduced
based on morphological similarities to Massariosphaeria
roumeguerei (Wang et al. 2007a). In this study, we synonymise Massariosphaeria roumeguerei under Xenomassariosphaeria rosae.
Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr, Mycologia 71: 948 (1979)
Notes: We follow Phookamsak et al. (2015, 2017) for
the treatment of this family. An updated phylogenetic tree
for the family Phaeosphaeriaceae is presented in Fig. 68.
In this study we introduce five new genera (Bhatiellae,
Dactylidina, Embarria, Hawksworthiana and Italica), five
new combinations and 25 new species in Bhatiellae (1),
Dactylidina (2), Dematiopleospora (3), Embarria (1),
Hawksworthiana (2), Italica (1), Neosetophoma (3),
Neostagonospora (1), Ophiobolus (1), Poaceicola (4),
Populocrescentia (2), Sclerostagonospora (3) and Wojnowicia (1).
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
105
Roussoella pustulans KT 1709
Roussoella hysterioides HH 26988
100/1.00
Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0182
Roussoellaceae/
84/0.99
Roussoella siamensis MFLUCC 11-0149
Thyridariaceae
Neoroussoella bambusae MFLUCC 11-0124
100/1.00
100/1.00 Parathyridaria ramulicola MRR1
64/0.95
Parathyridaria ramulicola MF4
Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1
100/1.00
Torula herbarum CBS 111855
96/1.00 Torula herbarum CBS 379.58
Torulaceae
100/1.00
90/1.00
Torula herbarum CBS 595.96
Torula hollandica CBS 220.69
100/1.00 Ohleria modesta OM
Ohleriaceae
86/0.99
Ohleria modesta MGC
Hobus wogradensis TI
100/1.00 Nigrograna mackinnonii E5202H
Biatriospora mackinnonii CBS 674.75
71/1.00
83/1.00 Biatriospora marina CY 1228
100/1.00 Biatriospora mackinnonii CBS 110022
Biatriosporaceae/
100/1.00 Nigrograna fuscidula MF8
Nigrogranaceae
99/1.00
Nigrograna fuscidula MF7
Nigrograna norvegica TR8
74/-Nigrograna obliqua MF2
Occultibambusa bambusae MFLUCC 11-0394
100/1.00
93/1.00
100/1.00 Occultibambusa bambusae MFLUCC 13-0855
93/0.97
Occultibambusa pustula MFLUCC 11-0502
87/0.98
Occultibambusa fusispora MFLUCC 11-0127
Occultibambusaceae
98/1.00
Versicolorisporium triseptatum HHUF 28815
100/1.00 Seriascoma didymospora MFLUCC 11-0179
Seriascoma didymospora MFLUCC 11-0194
Paradictyoarthrinium
diffractum MFLUCC13-0466
99/-60/-- Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum MFLUCC12-0557
100/1.00
Sirodesmium olivaceum CBS 395.59
100/1.00
Paradictyoarthrinium
tectonicola MFLUCC12-0556
83/-Paradictyoarthriniaceae
96/1.00
Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola MFLUCC13-0465
100/1.00 Xenomassariosphaeria rosae MFLUCC 15-0179
Xenomassariosphaeria
Xenomassariosphaeria rosae CBS 612.86
Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR1
Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR
Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR9
Cyclothyriellaceae
100/1.00
Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR9a
99/1.00
Cyclothyriella rubronotata TR3
Melanommataceae
Melanomma pulvispyrius CBS 124080
Schismatomma
decolorans
Ertz
5003
100/1.00
Roccellaceae
100/1.00
Schismatomma decolorans DUKE 47570
(Outgroup)
Roccella fuciformis AFTOL-ID 126
0.07
97/1.00
97/1.00
123
106
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 67 Xenomassariosphaeria rosae (MFLU 15-0179, holotype).
a–c Ascomata on host surface. d Section through ascomata. e Ostiole.
f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–n Ascospores. o Germinated spore.
Scale bar: d = 50 lm, e = 30 lm, f = 10 lm, f= 10 lm, g–j = 30 lm,
k–o = 10 lm
Bhatiellae Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554171; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04013.
Etymology: In honour of Prof. Bhat Jayarama Darbhe,
for his immense contribution to mycology.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous forming on
surface host epidermis. Sporodochia with cushion-like
pseudoparenchymatous cells at the base, composed of
compact, fasciculate, foot-like cells at the base, with tightly
aggregated, parallel, cylindrical conidiophores. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, erect
to flexuous, unbranched, aseptate, torsive, brown to dark
brown, smooth-walled, largely ampulliform at the base,
undulated at the upper part. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, undulate,
with
large,
cicatrized
scars.
Conidia
acropleurogenous, solitary, simple, straight or moderately
curved, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, brown to olivaceous
brown when mature, euseptate, 5–8-distoseptate, smoothwalled, widest at the middle.
Type: Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Two hyphomycetous genera were listed in
Phaeosphaeriaceae viz. Harpophora and Mauginiella by
Wijayawardene et al. (2012). Mauginiella was treated as an
asexual state of Phaeosphaeria by Abdullah et al. (2005).
The phylogenetic placement of this genus has not been
confirmed in Pheaosphaeriaceae and Phookamsak et al.
(2014) excluded it from the family. However,
Wijayawardene et al. (2017) still treated the genus in
Phaeosphaeriaceae. There are only ITS sequences of M.
scaettae available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of
the genus is needed to clarify its taxonomic position. In our
primary ITS analyses it grouped near Chaetosphaeronema.
Harpophora was reported as the asexual morph of
Ophiobolus. Based on morphological characters,
Phookamsak et al. (2014) excluded Hadrospora from
Phaeosphaeriaceae and tentatively placed the genus in
Trematosphaeriaceae. Recently, Wijayawardene et al.
(2017) kept harpophora-like asexual morphs in Magnaporthaceae, which are similar to Gaeumannomyces and
Magnaporthe.
In this study we collected a hyphomycetous isolate
which is nested in between Neosulcatispora and Setophoma in our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. We treat
107
this new isolate as a new genus, Bhatiellae in
Phaeosphaeriaceae.
Bhatiellae rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554172; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04014; Fig. 69.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0872.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: hyphomycetous forming on surface host
epidermis. Sporodochia 80–100 lm high, 60–100 lm
diam., with cushion-like pseudoparenchymatous cells at
the base, composed of compact, fasciculate, foot-like cells
at the base, with tightly aggregated, parallel, cylindrical
conidiophores. Conidiophores 50–70 lm long 9 4–6 lm
diam (
x = 66.7 9 4.9 lm, n = 20), macronematous,
mononematous, caespitose, erect to flexuous, unbranched,
aseptate, torsive, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled,
largely ampulliform at the base, undulated at the upper
part. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, undulate, with large, cicatrized scars. Conidia 25–30 9 8–10 lm (
x = 27.7 9
9.3 lm, n = 50), acropleurogenous, solitary, simple,
straight or moderately curved, cylindrical or ellipsoidal,
brown to olivaceous brown when mature, euseptate, 5–8distoseptate, smooth-walled, widest at the middle.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Marsignano, Predappio, on dead aerial branches of
Rosa canina (Rosaceae), 11 February 2016, Erio Camporesi IT 2814 (MFLU 16-0872, holotype); ex-type living
culture, MFLUCC 17-0664.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828873, LSU: MG828989,
SSU: MG829101.
Notes: Bhatiellae rosae was collected from Rosa in
Italy. This is the first assured hyphomycetous species in
Phaeosphaeriaceae based on both morphological and
multi-gene phylogenetic analyses.
Dactylidina Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554173; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04015.
Etymology: The generic name reflects the host genus
Dactylis, from which the species were isolated.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate.
Ostiole papillate, blackish-brown to black, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium with 2–3 layers, heavily
pigmented, thin-walled, comprising brown to dark brown
cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
123
108
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
100/100/1.00
99/94/1.00
Allophaeosphaeria muriformia MFLUCC 13-0277
Allophaeosphaeria muriformia MFLUCC 13-0349
Ophiosphaerella herpotricha CBS 620.86
Phaeopoacea phragmiticola CBS 459.84
95/96/1.00
Phaeopoacea festucae MFLUCC 17-0056
Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora MFLUCC 13-0380
81/60/--
Loratospora luzulae MFLUCC 14-0826
91/79/0.98
83/65/1.00
Dactylidina dactylidis MFLUCC 14-0966
Clade A
Dactylidina dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0618
Dactylidina shoemakeri MFLUCC 14-0963
63/--/0.97
Septoriella phragmitis CPC 24118
Septoriella allojunci MFLUCC 15-0701
Phaeosphaeria ammophilae CBS 114595
Amarenomyces dactylidis MFLUCC 14-0207
Vagicola chlamydospora MFLUCC 15-0177
Septoriella tridentina MFLUCC 15-0474
64/66/-79/72/0.98
83/78/0.95
Poaceicola arundinis MFLUCC 14-1060
Poaceicola arundinis MFLU 16-0158
Poaceicola forlicesenica MFLUCC 15-0470
Poaceicola agrostina MFLU 18-0113
77/60/0.99
Poaceicola rosae MFLU 18-0114
Phaeosphaeriaceae
91/95/1.00
95/68/1.00
93/91/1.00
60/60/--
Poaceicola garethjonesii MFLUCC 15-0469
Clade B
Poaceicola arundinis MFLUCC 15-0702
Poaceicola italica MFLUCC 13-0267
Poaceicola arundinicola MFLU 16-0225
Vagicola arundinis MFLUCC 15-0027
76/66/0.99
Phaeosphaeria vagans CBS 604.86
Amarenographium ammophilae MFLUCC 16-0293
Neostagonospora artemisiae MFLUCC 17-0693
Neostagonospora elegiae CBS 135101
Clade C
Wojnowicia spartii MFLUCC 13-0402
Wojnowicia lonicerae MFLUCC 13-0737
Clade D
Wojnowicia rosicola MFLUCC 15-0128
70/77/--
Wojnowiciella eucalypti CPC 25024
98/98/1.00
Wojnowiciella viburni MFLUCC 12-0733a
73/--/0.99
Wojnowiciella dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0735
Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria MFLU 14-0524a
100/100/1.00
Yunnanensis phragmitis MFLUCC 17-0315
Yunnanensis phragmitis MFLUCC 17-1361
Ampelomyces quisqualis CBS 129.79
Neosetophoma samarorum CBS 138.96
63/89/--
Neosetophoma garethjonesii MFLUCC 14-0528
Neosetophoma rosaena MFLUCC 17-0768
90/97/1.00
99/65/1.00
73/89/0.95
Neosetophoma poaceicola MFLUCC 16-0886
Neosetophoma rosae MFLU 15-1073
Clade E
Neosetophoma rosae MFLUCC 17-0844
Neosetophoma rosarum MFLU 17-0308
Neosetophoma italica MFLU 14-0809
100/100/1.00
Embarria clematidis MFLUCC 14-0652
Embarria clematidis MFLUCC 14-0976
123
Clade F
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 68 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequenced data of
Phaeosphaeriaceae. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Thambugala et al. (2017b). 150
strains are included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3888 characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also
performed and topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Leptosphaeria doliolum (CBS 505.75) and
Paraleptosphaeria dryadis (CBS 643.86) are used as the outgroup
taxa. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the MP and BI.
The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 33009.889795 is presented. The matrix had 1504 distinct alignment
patterns, with 30.33% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.246868, C = 0.234572, G=
0.265233, T = 0.253328; substitution rates AC = 1.255312, AG =
3.308065, AT = 2.288717, CG = 0.782483, CT = 6.728235, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.569794. The
maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 3888 characters, which
2788 were constant, 741 parsimony-informative and 359 parsimonyuninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data matrix resulted in
the maximum of thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a
length of 5569 steps (CI = 0.296, RI = 0.668, RC = 0.198, HI = 0.704)
in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) and MP
equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are
given above or below the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in
blue
numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex,
with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part
wider than the lower part, initially hyaline, becoming
yellowish-brown at maturity, with 5–6-transverse septate
and 1-longitudinal septum except at the end cells, constricted at the septa, conical and rounded at the ends, with
smooth surface, with or without being surrounded by a
thick
mucilaginous
sheath.
Asexual
morph:
Undetermined.
Type: Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde
Dactylidina dactylidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.
=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
Index Fungorum number: IF554174; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04016; Fig. 70.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Dactylis.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1358.
Saprobic on Dactylis glomerata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high, 130–180 lm diam. (
x = 141.9 9
154 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered,
globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous,
ostiolate. Ostiole up to 40–60 lm long and 20–30 lm
109
wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish-brown, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base,
15–25 lm wide at the sides, comprising brown to dark
brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 13–16 lm (
x = 84.4 9
14.5 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindric-clavate to clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled
at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–23
9 7–8 lm (
x = 21.8 9 7.5 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part
wider than the lower part, 5–6 transversely septate, with 1
vertical septum, mostly vertical septa present in between
both middle transverse septa besides central septum, vertical septa absent at the end cells, slightly constricted at the
central septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown at maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped,
with rounded ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Dactylis, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], near Passo dei Mandrioli, on dead aerial stems of
Dactylis glomerata L. (Poaceae), 23 June 2014, Erio
Camporesi IT 1950 (MFLU 15-1358); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0966.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828886, LSU: MG829002,
SSU: MG829113, TEF: MG829199, RPB2: MG829253.
Notes: Liu et al. (2015) introduced Allophaeosphaeria
dactylidis as the second species of Allophaeosphaeria
which has ascospores similar to those characterized in
Phaeosphaeria vagans, P. phragmiticola and P. phragmitis
(Shoemaker and Babcock 1989). In this study, we collected
another strain for Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis which was
collected from Italy on Dactylis and synonymize it as
Dactylidina dactylidis.
Dactylidina shoemakeri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554175; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04017; Fig. 71.
Etymology: In honour of R.A. Shoemaker, for his
immense contribution to mycology.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0202.
Saprobic on Poa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 140–
180 lm high, 150–180 lm diam. (
x = 157.4 9 165.4 lm, n
= 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate.
Ostiole papillate, eccentric, blackish-brown, smooth,
comprising brown cells. Peridium 5–15 lm wide, comprising, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, brown to dark
brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–105 9 18–23 lm (
x =
123
110
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Sclerostagonospora lathyri MFLUCC 14-0958
Sclerostagonospora opuntiae CBS 118224
Scolicosporium minkeviciusii MFLUCC 12-0089
Sclerostagonospora sp. CBS 118152
Clade G
Sclerostagonospora rosicola MFLUCC 15-0129
Sclerostagonospora rosae MFLU 18-0115
Stagonospora foliicola CBS 110111
Melnikia anthoxanthii MFLUCC 14-1011
Phoma aloes CPC 21549
Camarosporioides phragmitis MFLUCC 13-0365
88/63/1.00
Stagonospora neglecta CBS 343.86
Parastagonospora dactylidis MFLUCC 13-0375
97/99/1.00
97/93/1.00
Parastagonospora minima MFLUCC 13-0376
97/95/1.00
96/97/1.00
Parastagonospora italica MFLUCC 13-0377
Parastagonospora nodorum CBS 110109
Phaeosphaeriaceae cont’d
Parastagonospora uniseptata MFLUCC 13-0387
84/81/1.00
Diederichomyces ficuzzae CBS 128019
70/--/--
Diederichomyces caloplacae CBS 129338
Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae CBS 129666
Neostagonospora phragmitis MFLUCC 16-0493
64/77/0.95
64/60/0.95
Neostagonospora caricis CBS 135092
Neostagonospora arrhenatheri MFLUCC 15–0464
99/68/1.00
Juncaceicola typharum CBS 296.54
100/100/1.00
Juncaceicola luzulae MFLUCC 13-0780
Juncaceicola italica MFLUCC 13-0750
Leptospora rubella CPC 11006
100/99/1.00
Leptospora thailandica MFLUCC 16-0385
81/85/099
Leptospora galii KUMCC 15-0521
100/91/1.00
100/96/1.00
100/98/1.00
Populocrescentia ammophilae MFLUCC 17-0665
Populocrescentia rosae MFLU 17-0128
Populocrescentia forlicesenensis MFLUCC 14-0651
81/--/0.99
100/98/1.00
Ophiosphaerella agrostidis MFLUCC 11-0152
Ophiosphaerella agrostidis IGM35
100/100/1.00
100/100/1.00
Ophiosphaerella agrostidis MFLUCC 12-0007
Ophiosphaerella aquatica MFLUCC 14-0033
Equiseticola fusispora MFLUCC 14-0522
Phaeosphaeria musae MFLUCC 11-0151
73/60/0.99
Phaeosphaeria thysanolaenicola MFLUCC 10-0563
100/100/1.00
Phaeosphaeria chiangraina MFLUCC 13-0231
Phaeosphaeria oryzae CBS 110110
100/100/1.00
Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi CBS 120.43
87/86/0.97
95/89/1.00
100/96/1.00
Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi CBS 128665
Setomelanomma holmii CBS 110217
100/100/1.00
Paraphoma chrysanthemicola CBS 522.66
Paraphoma radicina CBS 111.79
Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi MFLUCC 14-0259
Fig. 68 continued
123
Clade H
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
111
Ophiobolus rossicus MFLU 17-1639
90/100/1.00
Ophiobolus rudis CBS 650.86
62/77/--
Ophiobolus italicus MFLUCC 14-0526
94/74/1.00
Ophiobolus senecionis MFLUCC 13-0575
Ophiobolus disseminans MFLUCC 17-1787
99/91/1.00
Ophiobolus artemisiae MFLUCC 14-1156
100/100/1.00
Ophiobolus artemisiae MFLU 15-1966
100/100/1.00
Ophiobolus artemisiicola MFLU 15-2140
80/--/1.00
Clade I
Ophiobolus artemisiicola MFLU 15-2137
Chaetosphaeronema achilleae MFLUCC 16-0476
100/100/1.00
Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum CBS 216.75
Ophiobolopsis italica MFLUCC17-1791
88/--/1.00
Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae MFLUCC 15-0769
100/98/1.00
Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae MFLUCC 14-0614
Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae MFLU 15-1971
Paraophiobolus arundinis MFLUCC 17-1789
Phaeosphaeriaceae cont’d
100/100/1.00
Ophiosimulans plantaginis MFLUCC 17-0245
Paraophiobolus plantaginis MFLUCC 17-0245
Pseudoophiobolus italicus MFLUCC 17-2255
100/100/1.00
Pseudoophiobolus mathieui MFLUCC 17-1785
Pseudoophiobolus achilleae MFLU 17-0925
100/100/1.00
Pseudoophiobolus galii MFLUCC 17-2257
Nodulosphaeria guttulatum MFLUCC 15-0069
93/100/1.00
Nodulosphaeria scabiosae MFLUCC 14-1111
100/100/1.00
Nodulosphaeria multiseptata MFLUCC 15-0078
98/91/1.00
Dematiopleospora donetzica MFLU 15-1975
Dematiopleospora donetzica MFLU 15-2199
98/97/1.00
Dematiopleospora mariae MFLUCC 13-0612
Dematiopleospora fusiformis MFLU 15-2133
99/--/1.00
100/100/1.00
75/--/-85/--/1.00
Clade J
Dematiopleospora rosicola YG-B8-1
95/76/1.00
98/99/1.00
Dematiopleospora rosicola MFLU 16-0232
Dematiopleospora cirsii MFLUCC 15-0615
Dematiopleospora salsolae MFLUCC 17-0828
Allophaeosphaeria cytisi MFLUCC 15-0649
70/--/--
63/64/0.95
100/100/1.00
Hawksworthiana lonicerae MFLUCC 14-0955
Clade K
Hawksworthiana alliariae MFLUCC 13-0070
Hawksworthiana clematidicola MFLUCC 14-0910
Loratospora aestuarii JK 5535B
Phaeosphaeria juncophila CBS 575.86
83/78/1.00
100/96/1.00
Phaeosphaeria caricicola CBS 603.86
Clade L
Phaeosphaeria sp. MFLUCC 14-0971
100/99/1.00
96/62/1.00
Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata MFLUCC 13-0265
Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata MFLUCC 13-0271
60/--/0.99
Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola MFLUCC 11-0157
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Acericola italica MFLUCC 13-0609
100/100/1.00
Tintelnotia destructans CBS 127737
Tintelnotia opuntiae CBS 376.91
100/100/1.00
Italica achilleae MFLUCC 14-0955
Clade M
Italica luzulae MFLUCC 14-0932
99/96/1.00
96/87/1.00
Vrystaatia aloeicola CBS 135107
Neosulcatispora agaves CPC 26407
Bhatiellae rosae MFLUCC 17-0664
70/60/0.99
Clade N
Setophoma sacchari MFLUCC 11-0154
Setophoma terrestris CBS 335.29
100/96/1.00
0.02
Paraleptosphaeria dryadis CBS 643.86
Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75
Leptosphaeriaceae
(Outgroup)
Fig. 68 continued
123
112
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 69 Bhatiellae rosae (MFLU 16-0872, holotype). a, b Colonies on Rosa. b Pseudoparenchymatous stromata. b–g Conidiophores. h–k
Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c–e, g = 20 lm, d, h–k = 10 lm
98.6 9 21 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 23–27 9 9–11 lm (
x=
24.8 9 9.8 lm, n = 30), overlapping 1–2-seriate, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, muriform, upper part wider than the
lower part, 4–5-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical
123
septa, constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline,
becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining
lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends, surrounded by
a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Poa spp., Italy.
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
113
Fig. 70 Dactylidina dactylidis (MFLU 16-0872). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium.
f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, g–j = 20 lm, e = 5 lm, e, f, k–o = 10 lm
Material examined: ITALY, Trento, Marilleva 1400, on
dead aerial stems of Poa sp. (Poaceae), 2 August 2013,
Erio Camporesi IT 1932 (MFLU 16-0202, holotype); extype living culture, MFLUCC 14-0963.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828887, LSU: MG829003,
SSU: MG829114, TEF: MG829200.
Notes: Dactylidina dactylidis and D. shoemakeri together in a monophyletic clade in Phaeosphaeriaceae with
strong bootstrap support. They are similar in ascomata
characters (immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered,
globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous,
ostiolate, thin-walled) and with muriform ascospores.
However, Dactylidina dactylidis differs from D. shoemakeri in having mostly cylindric-clavate asci and ascospores
with 1-longitidinal septum, while D. shoemakeri has
mostly clavate asci with ascospores, having 1–2-longitudinal septa. To further support the establishment of the new
taxon as proposed by Jeewon and Hyde (2016), we
examined the nucleotide differences within the ITS regions
(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) gene region. Comparison of the 544
123
114
nucleotides across the ITS regions reveals 11 bp (2%)
differences between Dactylidina dactylidis and
D. shoemakeri.
Dematiopleospora Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35 (2): 110 (2014)
Notes: Dematiopleospora was introduced by Wanasinghe et al. (2014b) to accommodate D. mariae. Later
Dematiopleospora alliariae, D. cirsii and D. luzulae were
added to Dematiopleospora by Ariyawansa et al. (2015),
and Hyde et al. (2016). Nevertheless, Dematiopleospora
was invalid (Art. 42.1) as the genus and type species both
have same identifier IF550536. Three other species were
consequently
not
validly
published.
Recently
Fig. 71 Dactylidina shoemakeri (MFLU 16-0202, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–l Ascospores (note the mucilaginous
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Wijayawardene et al. (2017) obtained new identifiers for
them and validly published the three species. Huang et al.
(2017) introduced the fifth member, Dematiopleospora
fusiformis to this genus. In this study we introduce another
three new species to Dematiopleospora and currently, this
genus is a strongly supported monophyletic clade (Clade J,
Fig. 68) in Phaeosphaeriaceae, with the exception of
D. luzulae and D. alliariae whose affinities are apart from
other taxa in Dematiopleospora. In this study, we also
resolve the affinities of D. luzulae and D. alliariae in
Hawksworthiana and Italica.
Dematiopleospora donetzica Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
sheath stained with Indian ink in l). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b =
200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, j–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–i = 20 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Index Fungorum number: IF554176; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04018; Fig. 72.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of
Donetsk ridge, the geographical region in Russia and
Ukraine, where the species was found on different steppe
plants in specific local plant communities.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2199.
Saprobic on dead and dying stems of Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. (Fabaceae). Sexual morph: Ascomata
100–150 lm high, 120–200 lm diam. (
x = 137.9 9
159.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 20–40 lm high, 30–50 lm diam,
papillate, black, smooth, comprising short, dark brown
setae. Peridium 5–15 lm wide, comprising heavily pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of textura
angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm
wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses.
Asci 75–85 9 9.5–12.5 lm (
x = 79.9 9 11.5 lm, n = 20),
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–24 9 6–8 lm (
x = 20.6 9
6.3 lm, n = 30), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform, narrowly fusiform, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown at maturity, ends acute, mostly curved, 4-6-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the
central septum, upper part wider, smooth-walled, with
appendages (3–5 lm long, 3–4 lm wide) at both ends.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Onobrychis arenaria (Fabaceae) and Phlomis pungens (Lamiaceae), Russia (European
part, Rostov region).
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky District, Donskoye forestry, steppe slope of gully
(47.8668613°N, 40.2465034°E), on dead and dying stems
of Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. (Fabaceae), 18 June
2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0495 (MFLU 15-2199, holotype). ibid. Rostov region, Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric
urban microdistrict, steppe slopes near Grushevka river,
stony steppe on slope (47.7232039°N, 40.2550918°E), on
dead stems of Phlomis herba-venti L. subsp. pungens
(Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps (Lamiaceae), 12 May 2015,
Timur S. Bulgakov T-0271 (MFLU 15-1975).
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829004, MG829005, SSU:
MG829115, MG829116.
Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies. Dematiopleospora donetzica
is different from other taxa in Dematiopleospora in having
ascospores with appendages at both ends.
Dematiopleospora rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
115
Index Fungorum number: IF554177; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04019; Fig. 73.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0232.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 150–250 lm high, 200–300 lm diam. (
x = 193.5
9 229.4 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary,
scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black,
coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–50 lm high, 20–30 lm
diam. (
x = 44.5926.7 lm, n = 5), papillate, black, smooth,
comprising short, dark brown setae. Peridium 7–15 lm
wide at the base, 10–16 lm wide at the sides, comprising
heavily pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells
of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous,
2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 15–17 lm (
x = 84.8 9 16.1 lm, n =
30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to
clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–22 9 7–10 lm (
x = 21.6 9
8.6 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, muriform,
ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper part wider
than the lower part, 4–7-transversely septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the septa, initially hyaline,
becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends remaining
lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends, wall firm,
smooth, lacking mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa canina, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Alfero, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial spines of
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 24 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2199 (MFLU 16-0232, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828888, LSU: MG829006,
SSU: MG829117.
Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies. Dematiopleospora rosicola
and D. cirsii are closely related in the phylogenetic analyses.
They are similar in their morphological features except
ascospore dimensions. Dematiopleospora cirsii (20–30 lm)
has comparatively longer ascospores than D. rosicola
(18–22 lm). To further support the establishment of the new
taxon as proposed by Jeewon and Hyde (2016), we examined
the nucleotide differences within the ITS regions (ITS15.8S-ITS2 gene region. Comparison of the 575 nucleotides
across the ITS regions reveals 13 bp (2.3%) differences
between Dematiopleospora rosicola and D. cirsii.
Dematiopleospora salsolae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554178; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04020; Fig. 74.
123
116
Fig. 72 Dematiopleospora donetzica (MFLU 15-2199, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of
ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–p Ascospores.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, d, g–j =
20 lm, f, k–p = 10 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
117
Fig. 73 Dematiopleospora rosicola (MFLU 16-0232, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Ostiole. d Peridium. e
Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i-n Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–h = 20 lm, i–n = 10 lm
123
118
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 74 Dematiopleospora salsolae (TASM 6123, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of
ostiole. e, f Peridium. (f is base). g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k–
n Ascospores (note the mucilaginous sheath stained with Indian ink in
n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, f, h–
j = 20 lm, g, k–n = 10 lm
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Salsola.
Holotype: TASM 6123.
Saprobic on dead stems of Salsola sp. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 250–320 lm high, 280–350 lm diam. (
x = 287.6
9 324.6 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary,
scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black,
coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–60 lm high, 50–70 lm
diam, papillate, black, smooth, comprising short, dark
brown setae. Peridium 15–25 lm wide, comprising heavily
pigmented, thin-walled, reddish to dark brown cells of
textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–
6 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 115–145 9 21–27 lm (
x = 128.4 9 24.6 lm,
n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate
to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–33 9 11–13 lm (
x
= 30.6 9 12.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate,
muriform, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, slightly curved, upper
part wider than the lower part, 6–7-transversely septate,
with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at the septa, initially
hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends
remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with narrowly rounded
ends, wall firm, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Sheath constricted at the center.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Salsola sp., Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh Village, arid and semiarid area, on trunk and branches of Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae), 12 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S8-1
(TASM 6123, holotype). MFLU 17-0193, isotype, ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 17-0828.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828889, LSU: MG829007,
SSU: MG829118, TEF: MG829201, RPB2: MG829254.
Notes: Dematiopleospora salsolae is phylogenetically
closely related to D. cirsii and D. rosicola (Clade J,
Fig. 68). However, the ascospores of Dematiopleospora
salsolae (28–33 9 11–13 lm) are much wider than
D. cirsii (20–30 9 6–9 lm) and D. rosicola (18–22 9
7–10 lm). The ascospores in Dematiopleospora salsolae
are also surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath
(Fig. 74), which is lacking in D. cirsii and D. rosicola.
Embarria Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
119
Index Fungorum number: IF554169; Facesoffungi
number: IF554230.
Etymology: In honour of M.E. Barr, for her immense
contribution to mycology
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate.
Ostiole papillate, inconspicuous or in a shallow depression,
black, smooth, comprising brown cells. Peridium with 2–3
layers, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising brown
to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping biseriate,
muriform, cell above central septum widest, hyaline when
young, becoming dark brown at maturity, ellipsoidal to
fusoid, asymmetrical, with one side flattened, muriform,
with 4–6-transverse septate and 1-longitudinal septum
except at the end cells, constricted at the septa, conical and
narrowly rounded at the ends, slightly curved, guttulate,
with smooth surface, with or without a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde
Notes: In our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, strain
MFLUCC 14-0652 of Allophaeosphaeria clematidis (Embarria clematidis in this study) groups with one of the
novel strains, MFLUCC 14-0976 (Clade F, Fig. 68). With
both of these strains, Clade F forms a monophyletic lineage
within Phaeosphaeriaceae with strong bootstrap support in
the phylogenetic analyses. This clade has a sister relationship to Neosetophoma, but it is not statistically supported. Allophaeosphaeria clematidis and our new
collection share similar morphological features and their
dimensions of asci and ascospores are almost identical.
Therefore, we introduce an additional strain for Allophaeosphaeria clematidis which was collected from Italy
on Agrostis sp. and designate this clade (Clde F) as Embarria gen. nov.
Embarria clematidis (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.
=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis Wanas., Camporesi,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
Index Fungorum number: IF554231; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04012; Fig. 75.
Saprobic on Agrostis stolonifera L. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 130–170 lm high 150–200 lm diam. (
x = 157.1
9 168.9 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary,
scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black,
coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, inconspicuous or in
a shallow depression, black, smooth, comprising brown
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 75 Embarria clematidis (MFLU 16-0212). a, b Ascomata on
host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i-p Ascospores (note the sheath stained with Indian Ink
in p). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–p = 10 lm,
e = 5 lm, f–h = 20 lm
cells. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide
at the sides, with 2–3 layers, heavily pigmented, brown to
dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide, filamentous,
branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–90 9 18–
22 lm (
x = 81 9 21 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the
apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 9
9.5–11 lm (
x = 23.5 9 10.7 lm, n = 50), overlapping
biseriate, muriform, cell above central septum widest,
hyaline when young, becoming dark brown at maturity,
ellipsoidal to fusoid, asymmetrical, with one side flattened,
muriform, with 4–6-transverse septate and 1- longitudinal
septum except at the end cells, constricted at the septa,
conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, slightly curved,
guttulate, with smooth surface, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Ranunculaceae and Poaceae,
Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Montecoronaro, Verghereto, on dead aerial stems of
Agrostis stolonifera L. (Poaceae), 26 July 2014, Erio
Camporesi IT 2015 (MFLU 16-0212, new host record);
ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0976.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828871, LSU: MG828987,
SSU: MG829099, TEF: MG829194.
Notes: Embarria clematidis is similar to taxa in Dematiopleospora in ascospore shape and septation, but they
differ in ascomata characters as Dematiopleospora has
brown setae on their ostioles, while setae are absent in
Embarria clematidis.
Hawksworthiana Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554179; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04021.
Etymology: In honour of David Leslie Hawksworth, for
his immense contribution to mycology.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata
immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole
papillate, blackish brown, smooth, comprising brown cells.
Peridium with 2–3 layers, comprising heavily pigmented,
thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched,
septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-
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walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores
overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoidal, muriform, upper part
wider than the lower part, 2–4-transversely septate, with 1
vertical septa, constricted at the central septum, initially
hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, ends
remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded ends.
Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, scattered,
subepidermal to immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose,
unilocular, brown. Ostiole apapillate, single, circular, central. Conidiomata wall composed of two layers, outer layer
thick, composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura
angularis, inner layer thin, hyaline, almost reduced to
conidiogenous region. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic,
ampulliform to rarely lageniform, discrete, determinate,
hyaline to pale brown, smooth. Conidia ellipsoidal or rarely
slightly sigmoid, straight to slightly curved, both ends
rounded or base rarely truncate, phragmosporous, 4–5transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at
septa, often with small guttules, thick and smooth-walled.
Type: Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Hyde et al. (2016) introduced Dematiopleospora
alliariae as the third Dematiopleospora species. But in a
multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Hyde et al. 2016; Huang
et al. 2017, this study), D. alliariae is not strongly supported as a taxon in Dematiopleospora. Also, D. alliariae
differs from the Dematiopleospora species in having
ascomata with a crest-like ostioles and uni-seriate ascospores with 3(–4) transverse septa. In this study Dematiopleospora alliariae groups in a strongly supported
monophyletic clade (Clade K, Fig. 68) with two other
novel strains which were derived from a sexual morph
(MFLUCC 14-0955) and an asexual morph (MFLUCC
14-0910). Therefore, we introduce the novel genus,
Hawksworthiana to accommodate these three strains in
Clade K (Fig. 68).
Hawksworthiana alliariae (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554180, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04022.
=Dematiopleospora alliariae Thambug., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 89 (2015)
Notes: In this study we synonimize Dematiopleospora
alliariae as Hawksworthiana alliariae and introduce it as
the type species for Hawksworthiana.
Hawksworthiana clematidicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554181; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04098; Fig. 76.
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Fig. 76 Hawksworthiana clematidicola (MFLU 17-0472, holotype). a Conidiomata on host material. b Vertical sections of conidioma. c–f
Different stages of conidiogenesis. g–k Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, a = 50 lm, c–k = 10 lm
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Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Clematis.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0472.
Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead stems of
Clematis vitalba. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual
morph: Conidiomata 130–180 lm high, 100–150 lm diam.
(
x = 151.2 9 124.9 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, scattered,
sub-epidermal to immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose,
unilocular, brown, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate, single, circular, central. Conidiomata wall with thick outer layer,
composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura globose,
inner layer thin, hyaline, almost reduced to conidiogenous
region. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells 9–12 9 3–5 lm, enteroblastic, phialidic, ampulliform to rarely lageniform, discrete, determinate,
hyaline to pale brown, smooth. Conidia 17–23 9 10–13 lm
(
x = 20.3 9 12.2 lm, n = 50), ellipsoidal or rarely slightly
sigmoid, straight or slightly curved, both ends rounded or
rarely truncate at base, 2–3-transverse septate, constricted at
septa, often with small guttules, thick and smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Clematis vitalba, Russia
(European part, Rostov region).
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University,
Higher Park, underwood (47.2335426° N, 39.6475983° E),
on the dead and dying stems of Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae), 8 May 2014, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0054
(MFLU 17-0472, holotype); ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 14-0910.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828901, LSU: MG829011,
SSU: MG829120, TEF: MG829202.
Notes: Hawksworthiana clematidicola is a camarosporium-like taxon and similar to Melnikia anthoxanthii and
Yunnanensis phragmitis in Phaeosphaeriaceae, in having a
muriform, coelomycetous asexual morph. They are however, phylogenetically apart from Hawksworthiana
clematidicola (Fig. 68).
Hawksworthiana lonicerae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554182; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04023; Fig. 77.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Lonicera.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2522.
Saprobic or pathogenic on stems of Lonicera sp. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 250–350 lm high 180–250 lm diam. (
x
= 299.9 9 205.1 lm, n = 5) immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black,
coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up to 60–80 lm long and 50–
70 lm wide, papillate, blackish brown, smooth, comprising
brown cells. Peridium 15–20 lm wide at the base, 20–
50 lm wide at the sides, comprising heavily pigmented,
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thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm
wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses.
Asci 105–120 9 9.5–12.5 lm (
x = 113 9 10.7 lm, n = 30),
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindricclavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–17 9 7–8 lm (
x = 15.4 9
7.5 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoidal, muriform, upper part wider than the lower part, 3-transversely
septate, with 1 vertical septum, constricted at the central
septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at
maturity, ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with
rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Lonicera sp., Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, near
Pieve Santo Stefano, on living branch of Lonicera sp.
(Caprifoliaceae), 2 May 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1849
(MFLU 15-2522, holotype); ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 14-0955.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828902, LSU: MG829012,
SSU: MG829121, TEF: MG829203.
Notes: Hawksworthiana lonicerae is introduced based
on its sexual morph as the third species in Hawksworthiana. This morphologically fits within the generic concepts
of Hawksworthiana and closely resembles the type species,
H. alliariae in having globose to subglobose ascomata,
cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci and ellipsoidal, muriform ascospores.
Italica Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554183; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04024.
Etymology: The generic name reflects the country of
origin Italy.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate.
Ostiole papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth,
comprising hyaline to pale-brown cells. Peridium comprising thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura
prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to
clavate, short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping 1–2-uniseriate, oval, ellipsoidal or sub-cylindrical, muriform, 4–6transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, widest at the
middle, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially
hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, with
rounded to conical ends, with or without surrounded by a
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde
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Fig. 77 Hawksworthiana lonicera (MFLU 15-2522, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole.
e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–o Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–o = 10 lm
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125
Fig. 78 Italica achilleae (MFLU 16-0197, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascomata. d Close up of ostiole. e,
f Peridium. g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, f, g, k–p = 10 lm, h–j = 20 lm
Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Dematiopleospora
luzulae as the second species of Dematiopleospora which
has muriform ascospores, similar to those characterized in
Pleospora. But in a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(Hyde et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2017, this study), D. luzulae
is not closely related to taxa in Dematiopleospora. In this
study Italica achilleae sp. nov. and Dematiopleospora
luzulae, group in a strongly supported monophyletic clade
(Clade M, Fig. 68). We introduce the novel genus, Italica
to accommodate these two strains in Clade M (Fig. 68).
Italica achilleae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554184; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04025; Fig. 78.
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126
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Achillea.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0197.
Saprobic on Achillea millefolium. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high, 150–200 lm diam. (
x = 218 9
188.6 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole 40–60 lm long and 50–70 lm
wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth, comprising hyaline to pale-brown cells. Peridium 5–10 lm
wide at the base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising
thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–90 9 11–14 lm (
x = 84.5 9
12.2 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, thickwalled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 16–19 9 6–7 lm (
x = 17.3 9 6.3 lm, n = 30),
overlapping uniseriate to biseriate, ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, muriform, 5–6-transversely septate, with 1
vertical septum, rarely 2 vertical septa, widest at the middle, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially
hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity, with
rounded ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Achillea, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Fiumicello di Premilcuore, on dead aerial stems of
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), 21 May 2014, Erio
Camporesi IT 1883 (MFLU 16-0197, holotype); ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 14-0959.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828903, LSU: MG829013,
SSU: MG829122, TEF: MG829204, RPB2: MG829255.
Notes: Italica achilleae and I. luzulae are similar in
ascomata characters and with muriform ascospores. They
differ as Italica achilleae has cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci with sub-cylindrical ascospores, while I. luzulae
has clavate asci and oval ascospores.
Italica luzulae (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554185, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04026.
=Dematiopleospora luzulae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75: 103 (2015)
Notes: In this study we synonimize Dematiopleospora
luzulae as Italica luzulae and introduce it as the type species of Italica.
Neosetophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycologia
102 (5): 1075 (2010)
Notes: Neosetophoma, is typified by N. samararum
which has been reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of
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various hosts (Phookamsak et al. 2014). The genus is
characterized by globose to irregular conidiomata, with
papillate ostioles, and with yellowish conidia that are
attenuate at one end (De Gruyter et al. 2010; Liu et al.
2015). Tibpromma et al. (2017) introduced Neosetophoma
garethjonesii as the first report of the sexual morph of
Neosetophoma. In this study we introduce another three
asexual taxa to Neosetophoma.
Neosetophoma rosae Jayasiri, Camporesi, Gafforov &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553944, Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03816; Fig. 79.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-1073
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous.
Conidiomata 90–130 lm high, 100–120 lm diam., pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose, subepidermal, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium 15–25 lm wide,
composed of 6–7 layers, with outer 4–5 layers comprising
brown and inner 1–2 layers of pale brown to hyaline cells
of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–5 lm long and 3–
6 lm wide, enteroblastic, phialidic, doliiform to ampulliform, determinate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 8–14
9 1.5–3 lm (
x = 11 9 2.5, n = 30), subcylindrical, fusiform, or ellipsoid to fusiform, hyaline to pale brown,
smooth-walled, 1–3-euseptate, constricted at the septa,
apex and base obtuse, or sometimes with truncate base,
smooth-walled.
ITALY, Province of Forlı̀-Cesena [FC], Fiumicello di
Premilcuore, on dead spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae),
26 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2259 (MFLU
15-1073, holotype); UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq District, Xojikent village, Ugam Range, Western
Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp.,
10 April 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-Oq107-4 (TASM
6124), MFLU 17-0177, living culture MFLUCC 17-0844.
GenBank ITS: MG828925, MG828926; LSU:
MG829034, MG829035; SSU: MG829140, MG829141,
TEF: MG829218, MG829219.
Notes: This new species occurs on wild rose species.
Neosetophoma rosarum R.H. Perera, Wanas., Camporesi
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF553965; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04027; Fig. 80.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0308
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127
Fig. 79 Neosetophoma rosae (MFLU 15-1073, holotype) a Specimen on host. b, c Brown conidiomata on the host surface. d Peridium. e,
f Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia g–j Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 500 lm, d–j = 10 lm
Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 66–120 lm diam.,
55–100 lm high, pycnidial, immersed, globose to subglobose, black, gregarious, unilocular, but occasionally multilocular, ostiolate. Peridium 6–10 lm wide, comprising
thick-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer comprising hyaline cells of textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells 4.6–6 9 3–3.4 lm, lining the inner
cavity of the conidiomata, doliiform to ampulliform, simple, integrated, enteroblastic, phialidic, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 5.6–8.2 9 1.6–2.3 lm (
x = 7.1 9 1.8 lm,
n = 25), pale brown, straight to curved, subcylindrical, apex
obtusely rounded, with a bluntly rounded to truncate base,
1(2,3)-euseptate, smooth-walled, thick-walled, guttulate.
Culture characters: Colonies on PDA reaching up to
30 mm diam. after 14d at 25 °C, circular, flat, margins
smooth, with a moderate amount of aerial mycelium, white
from above and greyish white from reverse.
Material examined: Italy, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, Collina, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae),
11 November 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2225 (MFLU
17-0308, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828927, LSU: MG829036,
SSU: MG829142.
Notes: Our new isolate MFLU 17-0308 clustered within
Neosetophoma (Clade E, Fig. 68) in a separate clade with
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b Fig. 80 Neosetophoma rosarum (MFLU 17-0308, holotype) a Her-
barium material b Conidiomata on host substrate. b Transverse
section through conidiomata. d Transverse section through conidiomatal wall. e–f Conidiogenous cells with mature and immature
conidia. g–k Conidia. l. Germinating conidium. Scale bars: a = 2 mm,
b = 1 mm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e–h = 10 lm
99% ML, 65% MP, 1.00 PP bootstrap support. Neosetophoma rosarum shows some morphological similarities
to N. italica which was isolated from Iris germanica L.
(Liu et al. 2015). However, N. rosarum can be distinguished from N. italica by larger conidiomata (vs. 50–60 9
40–75 lm) and smaller conidia (vs. 6–1193–4 lm) (Liu
129
et al. 2015). DNA was obtained from isolates which
however did not survive the preservation process.
Neosetophoma rosigena Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554187; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04028; Fig. 81.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0590.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100–150 lm high 140–180 lm diam. (
x = 124.9 9
163.3 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose,
Fig. 81 Neosetophoma rosigena (MFLU 17-0626, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different
stages of conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, e = 5 lm
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130
subepidermal, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium
15–30 lm wide, composed of 5–7 layers, with outer 3–4
layers comprising brown and inner 1–2 layers of pale
brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–
3 lm long 9 1.5–2 lm wide, enteroblastic, phialidic,
doliiform to ampulliform, determinate, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 4–6 9 1.5–2.5 lm (
x = 4.8 9 2.1 lm, n =
30), subcylindrical, fusiform, or ellipsoid to fusiform,
individually hyaline, olivaceous-brown at maturity as a
mass, aseptate, thin and smooth-walled, with minute
granules.
Culture characters: Colonies on PDA, reaching 3–4 cm
diam. after 3 weeks, slow growing, white to dirty-white in
the first week, with central area becoming pale grey after
three weeks, circular, dense, aerial, reverse dark brown,
filamentous.
Known distribution: On Rosa canina, UK.
Material examined: UK, Hedge End, Hampshire, on
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 3 March 2016, E.B.G. Jones
GJ229B (MFLU 17-0626, holotype), ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0768.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828928, LSU: MG829037,
SSU: MG829143.
Notes: Neosetophoma rosigena (MFLUCC 17-0768)
shares a close phylogenetic affinity to N. garethjonesii and
N. samararum (Fig. 68), but are slightly apart. Therefore
we introduce Neosetophoma rosigena as a novel species to
Neosetophoma. Neosetophoma rosigena morphologically
differs from other taxa in this genus, in having aseptate
conidia, while others have septate conidia.
Neostagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Studies in
Mycology 75: 364 (2013)
Notes: Neostagonospora was introduced by Quaedvlieg
et al. (2013) to accommodate N. caricis and N. elegiaeis.
These taxa are similar to Stagonospora in having pycnidial
conidiomata with euseptate, hyaline, fusoid-ellipsoidal to
subcylindrical conidia, but are distinct in having conidiogenous cells that are phialidic, with prominent periclinal
thickenings (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Currently this genus
comprises five species viz. N. arrhenatheri, N. caricis,
N. elegiaeis, N. phragmitis and N. spinificis. In this study
we introduce another new species, Neostagonospora artemisiae collected from Artemisia austriaca in Russia.
Neostagonospora artemisiae Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554188; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04029; Fig. 82.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Artemisia.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2184.
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Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead and dying
stems of Artemisia austriaca. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata
300–400 lm high, 200–300 lm diam. (
x = 346.4 9
235.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, separate, dark brown, globose,
immersed, unilocular, thin-walled, papillate. Peridium 15–
30 lm wide, composed of 4–6 layers, with outer 2–3 layers
comprising brown and inner 3–4 layers of pale brown to
hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 1.5–3 lm long
9 2–3 lm wide, broadly compressed, phialidic, lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, apex with
prominent periclinal thickening. Conidia 15–25 9 2–
2.5 lm (
x = 19.8 9 2.1 lm, n = 30), scolecosporous,
irregularly curved, subcylindrical or fusiform, individually
hyaline, pale brown at maturity as a mass, apex subobtuse,
base truncate (slightly tapering from apical septum to apex
and basal septum to hilum visible in some conidia), 2–4septate, smooth-walled, guttulate to granular.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 weeks at 16 °C, later with
dense mycelium, circular, smooth margin, dirty white after
6 weeks, reverse pale luteous, flat on the surface, with
aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thinwalled
Known distribution: On Artemisia austriaca, European
Russia.
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Rostov-onDon City, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, stony steppe on slope (47.23475°N, 39.65570°E), on
dead and dying stems of Artemisia austriaca Jacq.
(Asteraceae), 28 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0480
(MFLU 15-2184, holotype); ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0693.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828929, LSU: MG829038,
SSU: MG829144.
Notes: During our investigation on the diversity of
microfungi in Russia, an isolate of Neostagonospora
artemisiae was recovered from Artemisia austriaca in the
Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University. In our
phylogenetic study (Clade C, Fig. 68), our new strain
clusters with N. elegiae (CBS 135101, ex-type strain),
which was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) from
South Africa on Elegia cuspidata. For this clade (Clade C)
no statistical support was recovered, but it is apart from the
Neostagonospora sensu stricto. However, these two taxa
are similar to other Neostagonospora species in having
pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells with a
prominent periclinal thickening and septate, hyaline, subcylindrical conidia (Fig. 82). Therefore, we keep both
strains in Neostagonospora sensu lato. The conidial
dimensions of Neostagonospora artemisiae and N. elegiae
are different as 15–25 9 2–2.5 lm vs 50–65 9 2.5–3 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
131
Fig. 82 Neostagonospora artemisiae (MFLU 15-2184, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma.
d Peridium. e Different stages of conidiogenesis. e–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 20 lm, e–j = 10 lm
(Quaedvlieg et al. 2013) respectively. Therefore, we
introduce our new isolate as a new species in
Neostagonospora.
Ophiobolus Riess, Hedwigia 1(6): 27 (1854)
Notes: Ophiobolus was introduced by Riess (1854)
which is typified by O. disseminans and currently is one of
the largest genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more
than 350 epithets in Index Fungorum (2017). The genus
was introduced to accommodate ‘dothideomycetous taxa
having medium to large size, glabrous, papillate ascomata,
and cylindrical asci with scolecosporous, multi-septate
ascospores’ (Phookamsak et al. 2017). In a recent study,
123
132
Phookamsak et al. (2017) revealed the taxonomic framework of Ophiobolus and ophiobolus-like taxa and clarified
their phylogenetic affinities in Phaeosphaeriaceae based
on multigene phylogenetic analyses.
Ophiobolus artemisiicola Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554189; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04030; Fig. 83.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host plant
genus Artemisia, from which species the fungus was
collected.
Saprobic on dead stems of Artemisia austriaca. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 250–320 lm high 230–280 lm diam. (
x
= 285.1 9 257.6 lm, n = 5), semi-immersed, solitary,
scattered or sometimes grouped beneath the host tissues,
globose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole
50–80 lm high 30–50 lm diam. (
x = 62.4 9 40.5 lm, n =
5) papillate, black, smooth, filled with hyaline to pale
brown cells. Peridium 20–25 lm wide at the base, 30–
40 lm wide at the sides, with two layers, outer layer
comprising heavily pigmented, thick-walled, reddish to
dark brown cells of textura angularis and inner layer
composed hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 110–130 9 10–
15 lm (
x = 116.9 9 12.4 lm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate,
thick-walled at the apex, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–45 9 5–7 lm (
x = 39.6 9 6.2 lm, n = 30),
overlapping 2–4-seriate, filiform, 6–7-septate, initially
hyaline, becoming pale brown or brown at maturity, upper
part wider than lower part, with acute ends, guttulate.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Artemisia, European Russia.
Material examined: RUSSIA, Rostov region, Shakhty
City, 20th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Solyonaya Balka (Salty gully) (47.7064983°N, 40.2663302°E),
on dead stems of Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Asteraceae),
21 May 2015, Timur S. Bulgakov T-0436 (MFLU 15-2137,
holotype). ibid. Artemisia santonicum (Asteraceae),
T-0433 (MFLU 15-2140).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828930, MG828931, LSU:
MG829039, MG829040, SSU: MG829145, MG829146,
TEF: MG829220, MG829221.
Notes: Ophiobolus artemisiicola fits well within the
generic concept of Ophiobolus in having glabrous, papillate ascomata, and cylindrical asci and multi-septate, filiform
ascospores.
Ophiobolus
artemisiicola
is
morphologically more similar to Ophiobolus artemisiae in
their asci and ascospore morphology. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses also reveals a close phylogenetic affinity
between Ophiobolus artemisiae and O. artemisiicola
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(Clade I, Fig. 68). However they are different in ascospore
dimentions and septation. Ophiobolus artemisiae has
80–140 9 3–5 lm ascospores with 15–20 septa, while
O. artemisiicola has 35–45 9 5–7 lm ascospores with 6–7septa. The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate and
grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies.
Poaceicola W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat & K.D. Hyde,
Mycosphere 6 (6): 696 (2015)
Li et al. (2015a) introduced Poaceicola to accommodate
Poaceicola arundinis, P. bromi and P. elongata. The
members of this genus are widely distributed on grasses
(Poaceae) and currently nine species are recognized in the
genus including two new species described here.
Poaceicola agrostina Mapook, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554190; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04031; Fig. 84.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Agrostis.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0113.
Saprobic on dead aerial stem of Agrostis stolonifera.
Sexual morph: Ascomata (125–)165–170 high 9 (178–
)235–250 diam. (
x = 155.5 9 225 lm, n = 5), immersed to
erumpent, solitary or scattered, coriaceous, subglobose to
obpyriform, dark brown, Ostiolar neck protruding. Peridium 10–25 lm wide, comprising 3–4-layers of thin-walled,
dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium
comprising 3–5(–8) lm wide, broadly cylindrical, septate,
branching, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 65–85 9 11–13 (
x = 75
9 12 lm, n = 5), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate
to cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, short-pedicellate with
an ocular chamber. Ascospores (20–)25–30 9 4–5 (
x =
27.5 9 5 lm, n = 10), overlapping, 2–3-seriate, cylindricfusiform, 6–7-septate, tapering towards the rounded ends,
enlarged at the second cell from the apex, hyaline when
immature, becoming pale yellowish brown at maturity,
straight to slightly curved, smooth-walled, without terminal
appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On dead aerial stem of Agrostis
stolonifera.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
Pietrapazza, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial stem of
Agrostis stolonifera L. (Poaceae), 3 November 2014, Erio
Camporesi IT 2214 (MFLU 18-0113, holotype.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828945, LSU: MG829055,
SSU: MG829160, TEF: MG829227.
Notes: In our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses Poaceicola agrostina shares a close phylogenetic affinity to
P. rosae, but this relationship is not statistically supported
(Clade B, Fig. 68). Poaceicola agrostina and P. rosae are
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
133
Fig. 83 Ophiobolus artemisiicola (MFLU 15-2140, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d, e Peridium.
f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–q Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d, g–i = 20 lm, e, f, j–q = 10 lm
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Fig. 84 Poaceicola agrostina (MFLU 18-0113, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f, g Asci. h–k Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 50 lm, d, f, g = 20 lm, h–k = 10 lm, e = 5 lm
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similar in ascomata, asci and ascospore characteristics. The
ascospore septation differs, as Poaceicola agrostina has
less than 7 transverse septa, while P. rosae has more than 8
septa.
Poaceicola arundinicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
135
Index Fungorum number: IF554191; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04033; Fig. 85.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Arundo.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0225.
Saprobic on Arundo pliniana. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata
100–150 lm high, 90–120 lm diam. (
x = 114.7 9
Fig. 85 Poaceicola arundinicola (MFLU 16-0225, holotype) a, b Conidiomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through a conidioma.
d peridium. e, f conidia attached to conidiogenous cells g–l Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–l = 10 lm
123
136
105.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or
confluent, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole centrally
located, papillate, circular. Peridium 10–15 lm wide,
composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis,
brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, integrated, flask-shaped,
hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 45–60 9 4–5 lm (
x =
51.8 9 4.5 lm, n = 40), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate,
continuous, straight or slightly curved, 9–12-septate,
slightly constricted at septa, mostly curved, obtuse at apex
and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, pale brown,
smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Arundo, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on aerial dead stems of Arundo
pliniana Turra (Poaceae), 16 September 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2107 (MFLU 16-0225, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828946, LSU: MG829056,
SSU: MG829161, TEF: MG829228, RPB2: MG829261.
Notes: Poaceicola arundinicola was collected from Italy
(Forli-Cesena Province) on Arundo sp. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Poaceicola arundinicola is closely
related to P. arundinis (MFLUCC 15-0702) and P. italica
(MFLUCC 13-0267) with strong bootstrap support (95%
ML/1.00 BYPP, Clade B, Fig. 68). Poaceicola arundinicola resembles P. arundinis in having centrally located,
papillate ostioles, phialidic conidiogenous cells and fusiform to cylindrical conidia. However, P. arundinis differs
in having shorter and wider (30–40 9 6.5–10 vs 45–60 9
4–5 lm) conidia with 8 septa, versus 9–12 septa in
P. arundinis. Poaceicola italica was collected from Arundo
plinii in Italy and it is known only from its sexual morph.
Even though, these three strains are monophyletic in our
phylogenetic analyses with strong support and collected
from the same host (Arundo in Italy), it is inappropriate to
link both P. arundinis and P. arundinicola as the asexual
morphs of P. italica, since they have morphological differences. We keep our new isolate (MFLU 16-0225) as a
new species, Poaceicola arundinicola until we obtain
further taxon sampling and further molecular work in
future studies. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore
we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies.
Poaceicola arundinis W.J. Li, Camporesi, D.J. Bhat &
K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 6 (6): 698 (2015) amend.
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04032; Fig. 86.
Saprobic on Poa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 250–
350 lm high, 250–300 lm diam. (
x = 288.6 9 273.9 lm, n
= 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate.
Ostiole up to 50–80 lm long and 30–40 lm wide, papillate, eccentric, blackish brown, smooth, comprising dark-
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brown to pale-brown cells. Peridium 40–50 lm wide at the
base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides, comprising brown to
dark brown cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150–
170 9 23–27 lm (
x = 161.7 9 25.1 lm, n = 20), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate,
short pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 35–40 9 12–14 lm (
x = 38 9
12.6 lm, n = 30), overlapping uni- to biseriate, ellipsoidal,
sometimes curved, muriform, 7–9-transversely septate,
with 1–2 vertical septa, upper part wider, slightly constricted at the central septum, initially hyaline, becoming
golden-brown at maturity, with narrowly rounded ends.
Asexual morph: Conidiomata dark brown, solitary or
aggregated, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, papillate.
Conidiomata wall comprising inner layers of cells of textura angularis, gradually merging with the outer, surrounding layers of brown, textura oblita. Ostiole central,
circular to oval, papillate. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, phialidic,
hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, formed from the inner
cells of the stroma. Conidia pale brown, cylindrical, flexuous, up to 8-euseptate, slightly curved, smooth-walled,
with middle cells wider than end cells, guttulate, with an
acute apex, truncate at the base (Li et al. 2015a).
Material examined: ITALY, Trento, Marilleva 1400, on
dead aerial stems of Poa sp. (Poaceae), 2 August 2013,
Erio Camporesi IT 1399 (MFLU 16-0158).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828947, LSU: MG829057,
SSU: MG829162, TEF: MG829229.
Notes: Li et al. (2015a) introduced Poaceicola arundinis
which was collected on dead stems of Arundo plinii in
Italy. In this study we have acquired DNA from a sexual
morph and in multi-gene phylogeny our novel strain and
Poaceicola arundinis group in a monophyletic clade. Even
though this is not strongly supported, there were only six
bp differences in the comparison of the 514 nucleotides
across the ITS regions. Therefore, we introduce our taxon
as the sexual morph of Poaceicola arundinis. We did not
obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly
from the fruiting bodies.
Poaceicola rosae Mapook, Camporesi& K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554192; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04034; Fig. 87.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0114.
Saprobic on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph: Ascomata (80–)125–145(–190) high 9 215–235
diam. (
x = 134 9 230 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
137
Fig. 86 Poaceicola arundinis (MFLU 16-0158). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Close up of ostiole. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm
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138
Fig. 87 Poaceicola rosae
(MFLU 18-0114, holotype). a,
b Appearance of ascomata on
host substrate. c Section of
ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–
o Ascospores. Scale bars: c =
50 lm, f–i = 20 lm, d, j–o =
10 lm, e = 5 lm
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
through host tissue, solitary or scattered, coriaceous, globose to subglobose, dark brown, Ostiolar neck protruding.
Peridium (5–)10–20 lm wide, comprising 2–3-layers of
thin-walled, dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 2–3.5 lm wide, broadly cylindrical,
septate, branching pseudoparaphyses. Asci 75–85 9 10–13
(
x = 78.5 9 12 lm, n = 5), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate, slightly curved, shortpedicellate with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–35 9
4–5 (
x = 31 9 4.5 lm, n = 10), overlapping 2–3-seriate,
cylindric-fusiform, 8-septate, tapering towards the rounded
ends, enlarged at the second cell from the apex, hyaline
when immature, becoming pale yellowish brown at maturity, straight to slightly curved, smooth-walled, without
terminal appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
Passo dei Mandrioli, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial
spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 4 November 2014,
Erio Camporesi IT 2212 (MFLU 18-0114, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828948, LSU: MG829058,
SSU: MG829163, TEF: MG829230.
Notes: See the notes under Poaceicola agrostina. We
did not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA
directly from the fruiting bodies.
Populocrescentia Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,
Fungal Diversity 75: 111 (2015) amend.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: See
Ariyawansa et al. (2015). Asexual morph: hyphomycetous, Sporodochia brownish to black, scattered. Stromata
hemispherical to spherical, composed of brown to reddishbrown, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Chlamydospores,
variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary,
verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, pale brown to dark
brown, muriform.
Type: Populocrescentia forlicesenensis Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Populocrescentia to accommodate P. forlicesenensis as a monotypic
genus. Phylogenetic analysis in this study indicate that
Populocrescentia ammophilae (MFLUCC 17-0665),
P. forlicesenensis (MFLUCC 14-0651) and P. rosacea
(MFLU 17-0128) are monophyletic with strong bootstrap
support (100% ML, 98% MP and 1.00 BYPP, Clade H,
Fig. 68). Populocrescentia rosacea is a hyphomycetous
asexual morph and herein we amend Populocrescentia in
order to accommodate its asexual morph.
Populocrescentia ammophilae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
139
Index Fungorum number: IF554193; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04035; Fig. 88.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Ammophila.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0874.
Saprobic on Ammophila arenaria. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high, 130–180 lm diam. (
x = 77.9 9
98.4 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, solitary, scattered,
globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous.
Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide at the
sides, comprising thin-walled, brown to dark brown cells of
textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–
2.5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–80 9 9–12 lm (
x = 66.3 9 10.6 lm, n =
30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to
cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex,
with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–17 9 4–
6 lm (
x = 15.5 9 5.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate,
ellipsoidal, upper part wider than the lower part, 3-transversely septate, slightly constricted at the central septum,
initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at maturity,
ends remaining lighter and cone-shaped, with rounded
ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Lathyrus, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Ravenna Province, Lido di
Dante, on dead aerial stems of Ammophila arenaria (L.)
Link (Poaceae), 9 February 2016, Erio Camporesi IT 2822
(MFLU 16-0874, holotype); ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0665.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828949, LSU: MG829059,
SSU: MG829164, TEF: MG829231.
Notes: Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Populocrescentia ammophilae and P. forlicesenensis are closely
related. They are morphologically different as Populocrescentia forlicesenensis has comparatively larger ascomata
(150–270 lm high, 200–250 lm diam.) and asci
(90–110914–20 lm) and muriform ascospores, whereas
P. ammophilae has smaller ascomata (60–80 9 9–12) and
asci (60–80 9 9–12 lm) with ascospores with only transverse septa (Fig. 88).
Populocrescentia rosae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554194; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04036; Fig. 89.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6125.
Saprobic on Rosa hissarica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Sporodochia brownish to black,
scattered. Stromata hemispherical to spherical, composed
of brown to reddish-brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells.
Chlamydospores 10–14 9 8–12 lm (
x = 12.3 9 9.7 lm, n
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 88 Populocrescentia ammophilae (MFLU 16-0874, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium.
d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h, i Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 lm, b = 50 lm, c–i = 10 lm
= 30), variable and irregular, multicellular, terminal, solitary, verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, pale brown to
dark brown, muriform.
Known distribution: On Rosa hissarica, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on branches of Rosa hissarica Slobodov
(Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-1
(TASM 6125, holotype). MFLU 17-0128, isotype.
123
GenBank numbers: LSU: MG829060, SSU: MG829165,
TEF: MG829232.
Notes: The conidia of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture and we extracted DNA directly from
the scraped conidia.
Sclerostagonospora Höhn., Hedwigia 59: 252 (1917)
Notes: Sclerostagonospora was established by Höhnel
(1917a) and typified by S. heraclei. Sclerostagonospora
species are characterized by pycnidial conidiomata with
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
141
Fig. 89 Populocrescentia rosae (TASM 6125, holotype). a, b Appearance of black sporodochia on the host. c, d Chlamydospores (Note the
rough surface in d). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm
holoblastic, determinate, discrete, ampulliform to irregular
conidiogenous cells, and subcylindrical, 3-septate, pale
brown, verruculose conidia (Sutton 1980; Quaedvlieg et al.
2013; Phookamsak et al. 2014). Morphologically, Sclerostagonospora differs from Stagonospora in its pigmented
conidia (Sutton 1980; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Currently,
twelve Sclerostagonospora species are listed in Index
Fungorum (2017), but only five species in GenBank have
sequences data.
Sclerostagonospora lathyri Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554196; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04038; Fig. 90.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Lathyrus.
Holotype: MFLU 15-2525.
Saprobic on Lathyrus. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 250–
350 lm high, 200–250 lm diam. (
x = 295.6 9 223.5 lm, n
= 5), pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or confluent,
semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole centrally located,
papillate, circular. Peridium 15–30 lm wide, composed of
thick-walled cells of textura angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, integrated, flask-shaped, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 12–18 9 3.5–4.5 lm (
x = 15.9 9 3.8 lm,
n = 40), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous,
straight or slightly curved, 3-septate, slightly constricted at
septa, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate
at base, pale brown, smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Lathyrus, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo, near Poppi, on
dead aerial stems of Lathyrus sp. (Fabaceae), 16 May
2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1876 (MFLU 15-2525, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14-0958.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828955, LSU: MG829066,
SSU: MG829170, TEF: MG829235.
Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis,
Sclerostagonospora lathyri clustered with other Sclerostagonospora species and in particularly, it shares a close
affinity to S. opuntiae. Morphologically S. opuntiae differs
from S. lathyri in having specific longitudinal striations on
the conidia, whereas S. lathyri lacks longitudinal striations.
Additionally, the host occurrence also differs in each species (Table 2).
Sclerostagonospora rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554195; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04037; Fig. 91.
123
142
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Fig. 90 Sclerostagonospora lathyri (MFLUCC 14-0958, ex-type culture). a Colonies on PDA. b Vertical section of conidioma. d Conidiama
wall. e–h Different stages of conidiogenesis. i–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, d = 20 lm, f–m = 10 lm
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0115.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: Conidiomata 60–100 lm high, 80–
120 lm diam. (
x = 82.1 9 108.2 lm, n = 5), pycnidial,
solitary, scattered, sub-epidermal to immersed, erumpent at
maturity, globose, unilocular, brown. Conidiomata wall
with outer layer thick, composed of thin-walled, brown
cells of textura globosa; inner layer thin, hyaline, almost
123
reduced to conidiogenous region. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 2–5 9 4–
5 lm, enteroblastic, phialidic, ampulliform to rarely
lageniform, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown,
smooth. Conidia 8–12 9 4–5 lm (
x = 9.5 9 4.5 lm, n =
40), ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, both ends
rounded or rarely truncate at base, 1-transverse septate,
rarely 2-transverse septate, constricted at septa, thick and
smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Rosa, China.
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143
Table 2 Synopsis of Sclerostagonospora species discussed in this study
Conidiomata
size (lm)
Conidiogenous
cell size (lm)
Conidia
Host occurrence
References
size (lm)
Septation
S. arundinis
90–130 9
80–120
8–10 9 1–2 lm
13–16 9 4–6
3(-4)
Dead stem of Arundo plinii L.
Wijayawardene
et al. (2016)
S. cycadis
60–300 diam.
3–6 9 3–5 lm
(6–)7–10(–13) 9
3–4(–4.5)
(0–)1–3
Leaves of Cycas revoluta Thunb.
Crous et al.
(2011)
S. ericae
200 diam.
4–5 9 3–5 lm
(7–)8–10(–11) 9
(2.5–)3
1–3
Leaves of Erica sp.
Crous et al.
(2016a)
S. lathyri
250–350 9
200–250
–
12–18 9 3.5–4.5
3
Lathyrus sp.
This study
S. leucadendri
–
4–6 9 3.5–5
(45–)50–60(–70) 9
(3–)3.5–4(–5)
(6–
)7–9(–
11)
Leaves of a Leucadendron sp.
Crous and Palm
(1999)
S.
phragmiticola
400 diam.
6–15 9 3–4
(15–)20–25(–27) 9
(3–)3.5(–4)
(1–)3(–
5)
Leaves of Phragmites australis
(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Quaedvlieg et al.
(2013)
S. opuntiae
200–250 9
250–275
6.5–8.5 9 5.5-7.5
12.5–18.5 9 4.5–5.5
3–5
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
Huhndorf
(1992b)
S. rosae
60–100 9
80–120
2–5 9 4–5
8–12 9 4–5
1
Spine of Rosa sp.
This study
S. rosicola
150–200
–
15-20 9 3–5
3
Spine of Rosa sp.
This study
Species
9100–150
Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan, Kunming, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming Institute of Botany, on
Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) 19 March 2015, Dhanushka N.
Wanasinghe DHA5 (MFLU 18-0115, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828956, LSU: MG829067,
SSU: MG829171, TEF: MG829236.
Notes: Sclerostagonospora rosae fits the concept of
Sclerostagonospora by having pycnidial conidiomata that
give rise to hyaline conidiogenous cells that proliferate
percurrently and sub-cylindrical, pigmented conidia (Crous
et al. 2011; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Morphologically,
Sclerostagonospora rosae differs from S. arundinis., S.
leucadendri, S. opuntiae and S. phragmiticola in having
mostly 1-septate, smaller conidia (Table 2). The dimensions of conidiomata and conidiogenous cells are also
smaller than the above-mentioned species. Additionally, it
is interesting to note close similarities of S. rosae with S.
cycadis and S. ericae, but they can be distinguished by
using morphological characters (Table 2). Based on the
multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, S. rosae is basal to other
Sclerostagonospora species and a proper phylogenetic
segregation among these species are difficult as statistical
support was too weak.
Sclerostagonospora rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554197; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04039; Fig. 92.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-2783.
Saprobic on Rosaceae. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 150–
200 lm high, 100–150 lm diam., pycnidial, effuse, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semi-immersed to superficial, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark brown, ostiolate.
Ostiole centrally located, papillate, circular. Peridium 15–
30 lm wide, composed of thick-walled cells of textura
angularis, brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, integrated, flaskshaped, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia 15–20 9 3–5 lm
(
x = 18 9 5 lm; n = 20), fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate,
continuous, straight or slightly curved, 3-septate, slightly
constricted at septa, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes
slightly truncate at base, pale brown, smooth-walled.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province [AR],
Montemezzano, on dead aerial spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 25 August 2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2174 (MFLU
17-2783); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0129.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828957, LSU: MG829068,
SSU: MG829172, TEF: MG829237.
Notes: During our collecting, Sclerostagonospora rosicola was found on dead spines of Rosa sp. Morphological
characters of S. rosicola fit with other Sclerostagonospora
species in having pycnidial conidiomata, hyaline conidiogenous cells and sub-cylindrical, pigmented conidia (Crous
123
144
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 91 Sclerostagonospora rosae (MFLU 18-0115, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d–
g Different stages of conidiogenesis. h–k Conidia. Scale bars: c = 50 lm, d = 10 lm, e–k = 5 lm
et al. 2011; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). According to the
multi-gene phylogenetic analysis Sclerostagonospora
rosicola shares a close relationship with S. rosacearum
with low bootstrap support. However, it differs in having
large conidiomata (150–200 9 100–150 lm) and 3-septate,
longer conidia (15–20 9 3–5 lm); whereas S. rosacearum
has smaller conidiomata (60–100 9 80–120 lm) and
mostly 1-septate, shorter conidia (8–12 9 4–5 lm).
Wojnowicia Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 10: 328 (1892)
Notes: Wojnowicia was established by Saccardo (1892)
with W. hirta as the type species. Wojnowicia species are
characterized by Sutton (1975) as having black, setose,
pycnidial conidiomata which are often papillate, with welldefined ostioles, and enteroblastic and phialidic conidiogenous cells and brown, transversely euseptate conidia
(Wijayawardene et al. 2013). Presently, there are 16 species epithets in Index Fungorum (2017). Recent studies
have revealed a number of new species in this genus. For
instance, W. dactylidicola., W. dactylidis W. lonicerae and
W. spartii (Liu et al. 2015; Li et al. 2015a). The sexual
123
Fig. 92 Sclerostagonospora rosicola (MFLU 17-2783, holotype). a– c
b Black conidiomata on the host. c Ostiole. d Vertical section of
conidioma. e Section of peridium. f–h Conidiogenous cells and
developing conidia. i Germinated spore. j–l Conidia. m Culture on
PDA medium. Scale bars a = 1000 lm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d =
100 lm. e = 20 lm, f–h = 5 lm. j–l = 5 lm, m = 25 mm
morph of Wojnowicia was illustrated by Hyde et al. (2016)
when introducing W. italica as a novel species.
Wojnowicia rosicola W.J. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554198; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04040; Fig. 93.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-2785.
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 150–
200 lm high, 100–150 lm diam., pycnidial, effuse, scattered, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, glabrous, dark
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145
123
146
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 93 Wojnowicia rosicola (MFLU 17-2785, holotype). a–b Black
conidiomata on the host. c, d Vertical sections of conidiomata.
e Section of peridium. f–i Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and
developing conidia. j–o Conidia. Scale bars a = 1000 lm, b =
200 lm, c–d = 100 lm. e = 20 lm. f–g = 10 lm. j–o = 10 mm
brown, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate, circular. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Peridium 10–
20 lm wide, composed of 4–5 cell layers, thick-walled,
textura angularis, becoming hyaline and thin-walled
towards the inner conidiogenous cell-layer. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, determinate, flask-shaped, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 25–30 9 3.5–6 lm (
x = 28 9 5 lm; n =
20), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 5–7-septate,
slightly constricted at septa, obtuse at apex and base, dark
brown, smooth-walled, guttulate.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo [AR], Montemezzano, on dead aerial of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 25 August
2014, Erio Camporesi, IT 2200 (MFLU 17-2785); ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 15-0128.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828979, LSU: MG829091,
SSU: MG829191.
Notes: Wojnowicia rosicola resembles other species in
Wojnowicia in having pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic
conidiogenous cells and brown, transversely euseptate
conidia (Wijayawardene et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2015; Li
et al. 2015a). However, conidia of Wojnowicia rosicola
(25–30 9 3.5–6 lm) are shorter than in W. dactylidis
(35–40 9 4–5.5 lm) and W. lonicerae (38–49 9 5–6 lm).
Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis shows a close affinity
between Wojnowicia rosicola and W. spartii with low
bootstrap support. Morphologically Wojnowicia rosicola
differs from W. spartii in having 5–7-septate conidia;
whereas W. spartii has 7–12-septate conidia.
Pleosporaceae Nitschke, Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss.
Rheinl.: 74 (1869)
Notes: For the latest treatment of Pleosporaceae see
Ariyawansa et al. (2015).
Alternaria Nees, System der Pilze und Schwämme: 72
(1817)
Notes: Nees (1816) introduced Alternaria based on
A. tenuis which was characterized by the production of
dark-coloured phaeodictyospores in chains, and a beak of
tapering apical cells (Woudenberg et al. 2013). Species of
Alternaria are saprobic, endophytic or pathogenic, which
are associated with a wide variety of substrates including
seeds, plants, agricultural products, animals, soil and the
atmosphere (Woudenberg et al. 2013). Currently this is one
of the species rich genera in Pleosporales having over 700
species epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2017,
147
December). See Woudenberg et al. (2013, 2015) for more
details (Fig. 94).
Alternaria doliconidium J.F. Li, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554202; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04041; Fig. 95.
Etymology: Named after its doliiform conidia
Holotype: HKAS100840.
Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Mycelium superficial on
the substrate, composed of septate, branched, smooth, thinwalled, white to light pink coloured hyphae. Conidiophores
(105–)114.2–126(–129.5) lm long 9 (8,7–)8.9–9.6(–11.4)
lm diam (
x = 121.4 lm9 9.2 lm, n = 100), macronematous, mononematous, light brown to brown, thick-walled,
smooth, septate, branched on base, straight or flexuous,
cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells (6.2–)6.8–9.5(–11.5) lm
long 9 (12.5–)14.8–15.4(–17) lm diam (
x = 8.5 lm 9
15.2 lm, n = 100), monoblastic, integrated, terminal,
determinate or percurrent, cylindrical, doliiform, subhyaline, smooth, colourless, thin-walled. Conidia (58.2–)62.2–
79(–81.2) lm long9 (22.5–)27–31.2(–32.5) lm diam (
x=
68.6 9 (22.5-)31.7 lm, n = 100) acrogenous, holoblastic,
solitary, brown to dark brown, multiseptate, dry, simple,
straight, curved, fusiform, obpyriform or obturbinate,
subglobose, borne in chain, sometimes rostrate, unsmooth,
thin-walled.
Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA
within 14 h and germ tubes produced from upper cells.
Colonies growing on PDA, hairy or cottony, white to light
brown, reaching 5 mm in 15 days at 25 °C, mycelium
superficial, effuse, radially striate, with regular edge, white
to light pink coloured hyphae; Asexual spores produced
within 15 days; Sexual spores not formed within 60 days.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Raggio di Santa Sofia, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 16 October 2014, Erio Camporesi
2165 (HKAS100840), living culture = KUMCC 17-0263.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828864, LSU: MG828980,
SSU: MG829094.
Notes: Alternaria doliconidium is described here as new
species and is unique based on its dark coloured, doliiform
to subglobose, multi-septate conidia and conidiophores
with swollen knots. In the phylogenetic analyses, A.
doliconidium clusters with A. aborescens with high support. This is also the first record Alternaria sp. found on
Rosa canina.
Alternaria hampshirensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554203; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04042; Fig. 96.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Pleosporaceae
148
100/1.00
100/1.00
0.03
123
Pleospora herbarum MFLUCC 16-0304
Pleospora herbarum CBS 191.86
Pleospora herbarum BLE29
Pleospora halophila CBS410.73
Pleospora tarda CBS 714.68
Pleospora
69/-Pleospora herbarum IT 1785B
Clade A
Pleospora tomatonis CBS109844
Pleospora sedicola CBS109843
Stemphylium herbarum CBS 191.86
100/0.99
Pleospora rosae MFLU 16-0254
Pleospora rosae-caninae MFLU 16-0254
94/0.96 Paradendryphiella salina CBS 142.60
69/0.97 Paradendryphiella salina CBS 302.84
Dendryphiella arenaria AFTOL-ID 995
Dendryphiella salina CY3140
90/1.00
Cochliobolus cynodontis ICMP 6128
92/1.00
100/1.00
Cochliobolus miyabeanus MFLUCC 10-0694
99/1.00
Bipolaris melinidis isolate BRIP 12898
76/-Cochliobolus heterostrophus AFTOL-ID 54
100/1.00 Porocercospora seminalis CPC 21349
99/1.00
Porocercospora seminalis CPC 21332
61/0.98
Johnalcornia aberrans BRIP 16281
100/1.00
Curvularia ravenelii BRIP 13165
100/1.00
85/1.00
Curvularia heteropogonis CBS 284.91
Cochliobolus lunatus CBS 73096
100/1.00
Exserohilum sp. NK931
--/0.97
Exserohilum sp. C950801
Setosphaeria monoceras CBS 209.78
80/1.00
Alternaria hampshirensis MFLU 17-0642
Alternaria hampshirensis MFLUCC 17-0783
Alternaria slovaca CBS 567.66
Alternaria cesenica MFLUCC 13-0450
Alternaria infectoria CBS 210.86
82/0.98 Lewia infectoria CBS 210.86
Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis CBS 303.71
81/1.00
Alternaria conjuncta CBS 196.86
Alternaria ethzedia MFLUCC 13-0404
100/1.00 Alternaria ethzedia CBS 197.86
Alternaria
Alternaria ethzedia CBS 197.86
100/1.00
Alternaria oregonensis CBS 542.94
Clade B
100/1.00 Alternaria armoraciae CBS 118702
99/1.00
100/1.00
Alternaria breviramosa CBS 121331
98/-- Chalastospora gossypii CPC 15567
100/1.00
Alternaria obclavata CBS 124120
100/1.00 Alternaria arborescens CBS 102605
92/1.00
Alternaria doliconidium KUMCC 17-0263
98/1.00
Alternaria nobilis CBS 116490
75/0.97 100/1.00 Alternaria solani CBS 116651
Alternaria macrospora CBS 117228
Alternaria eureka CBS 193.86
100/1.00 Pyrenophora tritici-repentis DAOM 55184
100/1.00
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis DAOM 226218
79/-Pyrenophora dictyoides DAOM 75616
100/1.00
Pyrenophora chaetomioides DAOM 208989
100/1.00
Pyrenophora phaeocomes AFTOL-ID 283
Pyrenophora phaeocomes DAOM 222769
Pleospora ambigua CBS 366.52
Comoclathris lini MFLUCC 14-0968
Comoclathris lini MFLUCC 14-0931
Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0607
65/-- Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0817
98/1.00 Comoclathris sedi MFLU 14-0761
Comoclathris sedi MFLUCC 13-0763
95/1.00 77/1.00 Comoclathris rosae MFLU 16-0234 2209
Comoclathris
Comoclathris rosae MFLU 15-0203 2183
Clade C
Comoclathris rosarum MFLUCC 14-0962 1915
63/-- Comoclathris spartii MFLUCC 13-0214
100/1.00
Comoclathris italica MFLU 16-0243
Comoclathris permunda MFLUCC 14-0974
Comoclathris rosigena MFLU 16-0229 2153
69/1.00
96/0.96 Comoclathris compressa CBS 157.53
93/1.00
Comoclathris compressa CBS 156.53
61/-Comoclathris pimpinellae MFLUCC 14-1159
Comoclathris italica MFLUCC 15-0073a
Neocamarosporium goegapense CPC 23676
Neocamarosporiaceae (Outgroup)
Neocamarosporium chichastianum CBS 137502
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 94 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequenced data of
Pleosporaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Ariyawansa
et al. (2015) and GenBank. Seventy-six strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 3404 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Neocamarosporium chichastianum (CBS 137502) and N. goegapense (CPC
23676) are used as the outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the ML
analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring RAxML tree with a
final likelihood value of - 17842.791541 is presented. The matrix
had 1000 distinct alignment patterns, with 29.16% of undetermined
characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A =
0.253567, C = 0.227952, G= 0.268963, T = 0.249518; substitution
rates AC = 1.715200, AG = 3.658438, AT = 1.346656, CG =
1.054492, CT = 7.209446, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape
parameter a = 0.615557. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set)
equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are
given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects Hampshire
county in England, from where the species was collected.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0641.
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual state: Ascomata 100–
150 lm high 150–200 lm diam. (
x = 125.7 9 179.6 lm, n
= 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark
brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 5–10 lm wide at the
base, 15–20 lm wide at the sides, comprising dark brown
cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 2–3 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm (
x = 105.3 9
11.7 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex,
with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 17–22 9 8–
10 lm (
x = 20.3 9 9.6 lm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate,
mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 3–5-transversely septate,
with 1 vertical septum, deeply constricted at the middle
septum, slightly constricted at the remaining septa, initially
hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity,
pointed at upper end, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa sp., UK.
Material examined: UK, Burrfield, Portsmouth, Hampshire, on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones
GJ283A (MFLU 17-0641, holotype); ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0783. ibid. GJ283B2 (MFLU 17-0642,
holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828865, MG828866, LSU:
MG828981, MG828982, SSU: MG829095, MG829096,
RPB2: MG829246, MG829247.
Notes: Alternaria hampshirensis is introduced here as a
new species that is known only by its sexual morph which
was collected from Rosa sp. in the UK. Farr and Rossman
(2017) listed Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, A. rosae,
A. rosicola, A. rosifolii, A. tamijiana, A. tenuis and
149
A. tenuissima from Rosa species which were collected in
Armenia, Chile, China, India, New Zealand and Papua
New Guinea. Unfortunately, no sexual morphs have been
reported for those species and there is inadequate molecular data for phylogenetic comparisons (except Alternaria
alternata). The sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is
different from our new species as Alternaria alternata has
comparatively larger asci (170–190 9 23–30 lm) and
ascospores (37–43 9 13–14 lm) (Ariyawansa et al. 2015),
than A. hampshirensis (asci 90–110 9 10–13 lm, ascospores 17–22 9 8–10).
Comoclathris Clem., The genera of Fungi: 37, 173 (1909)
Notes: Clements (1909) introduced the genus Comoclathris, typified by Comoclathris lanata. DNA based
sequence data are not available for these species, C. lanata
and currently the genus is accepted in Pleosporaceae
(Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Wijayawardene et al. 2017).
There are 40 epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2017)
under this genus and most of them lack DNA sequence
data. In this study we updated the genus with these threenew species which were collected from Italy.
Comoclathris rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554204; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04043; Fig. 97.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-0203.
Saprobic on Rosa canina. Sexual morph: Ascomata
120–150 lm high 175–200 lm diam. (
x = 135.7 9
173.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 8–
15 lm wide at the base, 10–15 lm wide at the sides,
comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2 lm wide,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–
110 9 15–30 lm (
x = 87.4 9 19.7 lm, n = 30), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular
chamber. Ascospores 20–30 9 8–15 lm (
x = 24.9 9
11.3 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2-seriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 4–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum,
slightly constricted at the remaining septa, initially hyaline
to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity, conically
rounded at both ends, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, Bagno di
Cetica, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae)
10 April 2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2183 (MFLU 15-0203,
holotype). ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena [FC], near
123
150
Fig. 95 Alternaria doliconidium (HKAS100840, holotype). a Rosa
spines. b Colonies on dead spines. c Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. d–g Conidiophores. h–o Conidia. p Germinated spore.
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q Cultures on PDA media. Scale bars: a = 0.5 cm, b = 500 lm, c =
100 lm, d–p = 50 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
151
Fig. 96 Alternaria hampshirensis (MFLU 17-0641, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, i–l = 10 lm, e = 5 lm, f–h = 20 lm
Monte Fumaiolo, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae), 27 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2209
(MFLU 16-0234, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828876, MG828877, LSU:
MG828992, MG828993, SSU: MG829103, MG829104,
RPB2: MG829249, MG829250.
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Fig. 97 Comoclathris rosae (MFLU 16-0234, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e,
f Asci. g–k Ascospores. l Ascospore stained with Indian ink showing sheath. Scale bars: b = 50 lm, c, d = 10 lm, e, f = 20 lm, g–l = 10 lm
Notes: During the study of saprobic fungi in Italy, two
isolates recovered from Rosa canina were morphologically
similar in their ascomata, pseudoparaphyses, asci and
ascospore characteristics. The dimensions of ascospores
and asci were almost identical and in our phylogenetic
123
analyses (Clade C), these two isolates group in a monophyletic clade within Comoclathris and sister to C. lini and
C. sedi. The ascospore dimensions of our new isolates
(20–30 9 8–15 lm) are comparatively larger than C. sedi
(19–20 9 8–10 lm). The ascospores of our new isolates
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
differ from C. lini in having conically rounded ends, while
C. lini has broadly rounded ends. Therefore, we introduce
our new isolates as Comoclathris rosae sp. nov. We did not
obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly
from the fruiting bodies.
Comoclathris rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554205; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04044; Fig. 98.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0201.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 200–300 lm high 300–400 lm diam. (
x = 244.2
9 358.7 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10–
15 lm wide at the base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides,
comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150–200 9
35–50 lm (
x = 176.4 9 42.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the
apex, with minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–60 9
20–25 lm (
x = 51.8 9 23.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping 1–2seriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 6–7-transversely
septate, with 2–4 vertical septa, deeply constricted at the
middle septum, slightly constricted at the remaining septa,
initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Arezzo Province, Casuccia
di Micheli, Quota, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae), 5 June 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 1915 (MFLU
16-0201, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC
14-0962.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828878, LSU: MG828994,
SSU: MG829105, RPB2: MG829251.
Notes: Comoclathris rosarum is introduced here as a
new species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina.
In our phylogenetic analyses Comoclathris rosarum is
closely related to C. rosae, which was also collected from
the same host and same country. However, their ascospores
differ as Comoclathris rosarum (40–60 9 20–25 lm) has
comparatively larger ascospores than C. rosae (20–30 9
8–15 lm).
Comoclathris rosigena Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554206; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04045; Fig. 99.
153
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0229.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual state:
Ascomata 180–220 lm high, 300–400 lm diam. (
x = 197.4
9 350.8 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 8–
15 lm wide at the base, 20–30 lm wide at the sides,
comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–5 lm wide,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
150–180 9 45–60 lm (
x = 166.8 9 52.1 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–60 9 16–24 lm (
x = 51.7
9 21.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1-vertical
septum, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially
hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at maturity,
conical at upper end and rounded at lower end, surrounded
by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Campigna, Santa Sofia, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 6 October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT
2153 (MFLU 16-0229, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828879, LSU: MG828995,
SSU: MG829106, RPB2: MG829252.
Notes: Comoclathris rosigena is introduced here as a
new species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina.
In our phylogenetic analyses Comoclathris rosigena is
closely related to C. italica, C. permunda and C. spartii
which were also collected from same country. However,
their ascospores differ as Comoclathris rosigena
([ 40 lm) has comparatively larger ascospores than them
(\40 lm). We did not obtain an isolate and therefore we
isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies.
Pleospora rosae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554207; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04046; Fig. 100.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0254.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa. Sexual state: Ascomata 150–200 lm high 250–330 lm diam. (
x = 170.9 9
284.5 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 10–
20 lm wide at the base, 30–50 lm wide at the sides,
comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–4 lm wide,
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Fig. 98 Comoclathris rosarum (MFLU 16-0201, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d
Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. k Ascospore stained with Indian ink. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, e, f = 20 lm, d, g–k = 10 lm
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155
Fig. 99 Comoclathris rosigena (MFLU 16-0229, holotype). a Ascomata on host substrate. b Section of ascoma. c Peridium. d
Pseudoparaphyses. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, e, f = 20 lm, d, g–j = 10 lm
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
100–120 9 20–30 lm (
x = 109.2 9 24.7 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 25–32 9 10–14 lm (
x = 28.9
9 12.2 lm, n = 50), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum,
initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at
maturity, conical at upper end and rounded at lower end,
surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 31 March 2015, Erio Camporesi IT
2428 (MFLU 16-0254, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828942, LSU: MG829052,
SSU: MG829157, RPB2: MG829259.
Notes: Pleospora rosae is introduced here as a new
species which was collected in Italy from Rosa canina. In
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Fig. 100 Pleospora rosae (MFLU 16-0254, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses.
f–h Asci. i–l Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 500 lm, c = 100 lm, d = 50 lm, e, i–l = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm
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our phylogenetic analyses Pleospora rosae is closely
related to P. rosae-caninae which was also collected from
same host and same country. However, their asci differ as
Pleospora rosae ([130 lm) has comparatively longer asci
than P. rosae-caninae (\120 lm). We did not obtain an
isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly from the
fruiting bodies.
Pleospora rosae-caninae Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554208; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04047; Fig. 101.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host plant
name Rosa canina.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0245.
Saprobic on dead spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 180–220 lm high 270–350 lm diam. (
x = 195.3
9 310.5 lm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent, globose or
subglobose, dark brown to black, coriaceous. Peridium 20–
30 lm wide at the base, 40–60 lm wide at the sides,
comprising reddish to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3–4 lm wide,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci
130–160 9 20–30 lm (
x = 147.6 9 27.7 lm, n = 20), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, thick-walled at the apex, with minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–36 9 12–16 lm (
x = 32.3
9 14.9 lm, n = 30), overlapping biseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, 6–8-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum,
initially hyaline to pale yellow, becoming pale brown at
maturity, rounded at both end, surrounded by a thick
mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Tessello, Cesena, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 5 March 2015, Erio Camporesi IT
2402 (MFLU 16-0245, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828943, LSU: MG829053,
SSU: MG829158, RPB2: MG829260.
Notes: See notes under Pleospora rosae.
Sporormiaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 17 (1): 450
(1957)
Notes: Sporormiaceae was introduced by Munk (1957),
of whom members can occur worldwide and live as saprobes on various substrates including dung, plant debris,
soil and also wood (Kruys and Wedin 2009). Arenal et al.
(2007) reported that family species can be found as endophytic representatives. Currently, Sporormiaceae comprises nine genera (Karunarathna et al. 2017) and in this
study, we introduce a further new genus (Sporormurispora)
157
to this family based on phylogenetic and morphological
evidences.
Sporormurispora Wanas., Bulgakov, Gafforov & K.D.
Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554209; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04048.
Etymology: The generic epithet is from the combination
of two words: ‘‘sporor’’ and ‘‘murispora’’—meaning
muriform ascospores in Sporormiaceae.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or
confluent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole
central, papillate, smooth. Peridium thick, comprising 2
layers, outer layer comprising heavily pigmented, thinwalled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle
layer comprising thick-walled, blackish to dark brown
loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer
composed hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura
angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex
rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 6–10-transversely septate, with 2–3-longitudinal
septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially
hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the
ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of saprobes
in terrestrial habitats, two different isolates of Sporormurispora were recovered from Russia and Uzbekistan and
both of them constitute a strongly supported monophyletic
clade in between Preussia and Sparticola (Fig. 102) in a
combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF and RPB2 sequence data
analysis. These are characterized by black, globose,
uniloculate ascomata with an ostiole, thick peridium,
comprising 6–8 layers, filamentous, branched septate,
pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical asci and uniseriate, mostly
ellipsoidal, brown, muriform ascospores. Apart from
Sporormurispora, Sparticola muriformis is the only taxon
which has muriform ascospores in Sporormiaceae. In our
phylogenetic analyses these two members are phylogenetically apart. Therefore, we refer our new isolates in a new
genus, Sporormurispora as two new species.
Sporormurispora atraphaxidis Wanas., Bulgakov, E.B.G.
Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554210; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04049; Fig. 103.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the name of the
host plant genus Atraphaxis.
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158
Fig. 101 Pleospora rosae-caninae (MFLU 16-0245, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Pseudoparaphyses. e–g Asci. h–k Ascospores (note the ascospore stained with
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Indian ink in k). Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d, h–
k = 10 lm, e–g = 20 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Holotype: MFLU 18-0116.
Saprobic on dead stems of Atraphaxis replicata. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 600–750 lm high 400–550 lm diam (
x
= 691.3 9 462.4 lm, n = 10), black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or confluent, globose, uniloculate,
with an ostiole. Ostiole 150–200 lm long, 100–150 lm
wide, central, papillate, smooth. Peridium 15–25 lm wide
at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2
layers, outermost layer comprising heavily pigmented,
thin-walled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer,
middle layer comprising blackish to dark brown loosely
packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed
hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–3 lm (n = 40)
wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses.
Asci 180–240 9 20–25 lm (
x = 210 9 22.7 lm, n = 30), 8spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–33 9 12–16 lm (
x = 30.3 9 13.6 lm, n = 40),
uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly
ellipsoidal, 6–7-transversely septate, with 2–3 longitudinal
septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, initially
hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the
ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On dead stems of Atraphaxis
replicata, European Russia.
Material examined: RUSSIA, Republic of Crimea,
Feodosia City Municipality, Lisya Bukhta-Echkidag landscape park, steppe slopes of gully, on stems of Atraphaxis
replicata Lam. (possible synonym of Atraphaxis spinosa
L., Polygonaceae), 22 June 2016, Timur S. Bulgakov CR003 (MFLU 18-0116, holotype); ex-type living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0742.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828971, LSU: MG829083,
SSU: MG829183.
Notes: Sporormurispora atraphaxidis was collected
from Atraphaxis replicata in Russia and it clusters with
S. pruni, which was collected from Prunus erythrocarpa in
Uzbekistan. These two taxa are similar in ascomata shape,
the thick peridium, pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical asci and
uniseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, brown, muriform ascospores
(Figs. 103, 104). However, they are different in some
characters in ascospore morphology as Sporormurispora
atraphaxidis has mostly ellipsoidal ascospores with 6–7
transverse septa, while S. pruni has mostly dumbbellshaped ascospores with 8–10 transverse septa. Further
comparison of the ITS regions also reveals Sporormurispora atraphaxidis differs from S. pruni by 16/496
(3.23%) nucleotide differences that warrants separate species status.
159
Sporormurispora pruni Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554211; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04050; Fig. 104.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Prunus.
Holotype: TASM 6126.
Saprobic on Prunus erythrocarpa (Nevski) Gilli. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 450–550 lm high 350–450 lm diam (
x
= 510.1 9 400.4 lm, n = 10), black, immersed to erumpent, solitary, gregarious or confluent, globose, uniloculate,
with an ostiole. Ostiole 80–160 lm long, 700–110 lm
wide, central, papillate, smooth. Peridium 20–30 lm wide
at the base, 30–45 lm wide at the sides, comprising 2
layers, outermost layer comprising heavily pigmented,
thin-walled, blackish to dark brown amorphous layer,
middle layer comprising blackish to dark brown loosely
packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed
hyaline, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis.
Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40)
wide, filamentous, branched septate, guttulate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 180–270 9 17–22 lm (
x = 219.2 9
19.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–40 9 12–16 lm (
x = 33.9
9 14.5 lm, n = 40), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate,
muriform, mostly ellipsoidal or dumbbell-shaped, 8-10transversely septate, with 2-3-longitudinal septa, widest at
the ends, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Prunus erythrocarpa,
Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun District, Omonxona Village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on branches of Prunus erythrocarpa
(Nevski) Gilli (Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S39-2 (TASM 6126, holotype); MFLU 17-0073,
isotype, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0803.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828972, LSU: MG829084,
SSU: MG829184.
Notes: See the notes under Sporormurispora
atraphaxidis.
Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 82: 374 (2002)
Notes: Barr (2002) introduced the family Teichosporaceae to accommodate eight genera viz. Bertiella, Byssothecium, Chaetomastia, Immotthia, Loculohypoxylon,
Moristroma, Sinodidymella and Teichospora. Later Hyde
et al. (2013) listed only Chaetomastia, Loculohypoxylon,
Sinodidymella and Teichospora as accepted genera of Teichosporaceae. In a recent study, Jaklitsch et al. (2016b)
synonymised Floricolaceae under Teichosporaceae.
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Westerdykella ornata CBS 379.55
Westerdykella cylindrica CBS 454.72
Westerdykella dispersa CBS 297.56
70/0.95
Eremodothis angulata CBS 610.74
Sporormia fimetaria UPSLundqvist 2302c
100/1.00
Sporormia fimetaria UPSDissing Gr.81.194
Preussia lignicola CBS 264.69
100/1.00
84/0.97
Sporormia lignicola CBS 363.69
Preussia minima CBS 524.50
Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74
100/1.00
Preussia flanaganii CBS 112.73
Sporormiaceae
Sporormurispora pruni MFLUCC 17-0803
100/1.00
Sporormurispora atraphaxidis MFLUCC 17-0742
Sparticola junci MFLU 16-0242
99/1.00 Sparticola junci MFLUCC 13-0926
97/1.00 Sparticola junci MFLUCC 15-0030
Massariosphaeria triseptata CBS 614.86
100/1.00
Sparticola muriformis MFLUCC 17-0316
99/1.00 Sparticola forlicesenae MFLUCC 14-1097
98/1.00
Sparticola forlicesenae MFLUCC 14-0952
100/1.00 Preussia sp. ELV3.2
100/1.00
Preussia sp. ELV3.11
Forliomyces uniseptata MFLUCC 15-0765
Massarina corticola CBS 154.93
68/1.00 Angustimassarina quercicola MFLUCC 14-0506
100/1.00
Angustimassarina acerina MFLUCC 14-0505
Amorosiaceae
92/1.00
Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034
Amorosia littoralis NN 6654
100/1.00 Floricola striata JK 5678I
99/1.00
Floricola striata JK 5603K
99/1.00
Floricola viticola MFLUCC 15-0039
Misturatosphaeria tennesseensis ANM 911
Misturatosphaeria kenyensis GKM 1195
Teichosporaceae
Teichospora
rubriostiolata
TR7S
90/1.00
100/1.00
Teichospora trabicola C134S
Misturatosphaeria minima GKM 169N
Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284
Lophiostoma
macrostomum KT508
98/1.00
89/0.98
Lophiostoma crenatum AFTOL-ID 1581
87/0.99
Lophiostoma caulium CBS 623.86
100/1.00
Lophiostoma compressum KT 534
Lophiostomataceae
100/1.00
Lophiostoma arundinis AFTOL-ID 1606
97/1.00
Platystomum scabridisporum BCC 22835
Lophiostoma fuckelii CBS 101952
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080
Melanommataceae (Outgroup)
0.03
67/--
100/1.00
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b Fig. 102 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF and RPB2 sequence data of
Sporormiaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Karunarathna
et al. (2017) and GenBank. Forty-five strains are included in the
combined sequence analyses, which comprise 4391 characters with
gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and
clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma
pulvis-pyrius (CBS 124080) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring
RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 23630.617605 is
presented. The matrix had 1706 distinct alignment patterns, with
43.69% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.245992, C = 0.246885, G = 0.275250, T =
0.231873; substitution rates AC = 1.435450, AG = 3.214619, AT =
1.739587, CG = 1.329526, CT = 8.307871, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.574263. Bootstrap support values
for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated
sequences are in blue
Consequently, all the genera which were accepted in
Thambugala et al. (2015) became synonyms of Teichospora. However, we follow the classification of Hyde
et al. (2017) in this study.
Teichospora rubriostiolata Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Mycological Progress 15 (3/31): 13 (2016)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04051; Figs. 105, 106.
Saprobic on Rosa multibracteata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 600–750 lm high 400–550 lm diam (
x = 452.4 9
521.8 lm, n = 5), scattered or aggregated in groups, semiimmersed to erumpent, globose, subglobose, ostiolate.
Ostioles up to 50–70 lm long, apically 80–150 lm wide (n
= 5), central, papillate, reddish-orange or black. Peridium
15–25 lm wide at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides,
comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow hyaline, nondescript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells, tending
to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented outer
textura angularis with cells, with walls becoming thicker
towards the outside. Hamathecium comprising numerous,
2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 110–130 9 10–13 lm (
x = 121.1
9 11.8 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical or oblong, with a short pedicel and simple or
knob-like base, walls narrow, apex rounded, with a minute
ocular chamber. Ascospores 17–21 9 6–8 lm (
x = 19.3 9
7.3 lm, n = 40), uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid, oblong to subfusoid, often slightly attenuated downwards, straight to slightly curved, with 2–3septa, strongly constricted at the median primary septum,
not or only slightly at other septa, first hyaline to pale
brown, turning dark brown when mature, end cells sometimes lighter, smooth-walled, without a sheath. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
161
Known distribution: Europe (Belgium, Germany, Norway, Scotland).
Material examined: UK, Scotland, Edinburgh, on dead
stem of Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson
(Rosaceae), 18 April 2016, Mingkwan Doilom SCOT01
(MFLU 16-1247).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828974, LSU: MG829086,
SSU: MG829186.
Notes: Teichospora rubriostiolata was introduced by the
Jaklitsch et al. (2016b), which was collected from Norway
(on Ribes sanguinea), Belgium (on Vaccinium myrtillus)
and Germany (on Robinia pseudoacacia). In this study, we
introduce another host record to Teichospora rubriostiolata
from Scotland from a dead stem of Rosa multibracteata.
See more information about Teichospora rubriostiolata in
Jaklitsch et al. (2016b). We did not obtain an isolate and
therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting
bodies.
Thyridariaceae Q. Tian & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 63
(1): 254 (2013)
Notes: Hyde et al. (2013) introduced Thyridariaceae to
accommodate the genus Thyridaria based on its unique
morphology and phylogenetic placement in their Dothideomycetes backbone tree. Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2016)
synonymized Roussoellaceae under Thyridariaceae.
However, Tibpromma et al. (2017) argued that Roussoellaceae is a well-resolved family and this study also supports their argument (Fig. 107).
Cycasicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554213; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04052.
Etymology: Name reflects the host genus Cycas
Saprobic on Cycas sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata pycnidial,
solitary, gregarious or confluence, immersed, unilocular,
globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium
composed of thick-walled cells of textura angularis,
brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline,
smooth-walled. Conidia fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate,
continuous, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, obtuse at
apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, hyaline
or pale brown, smooth-walled.
Type: Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde
Notes: In this study we obtained an isolate from a
specimen which was collected from India (Cycasicola
goaensis). This isolate has a close phylogenetic affinity to
Pararoussoella rosarum in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Clade C, Fig. 107). However, in this study we
introduce two new genera Cycasicola and Pararoussoella
123
162
Fig. 103 Sporormurispora atraphaxidis (MFLU 18-0116, holotype).
a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d, e Section of ascoma. f Close up of
ostiole. g, h Peridium. i Pseudoparaphyses. j–l Asci. m–r Ascospores.
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b–d = 200 lm, e = 100 lm, f = 50 lm, g, h, j–l
= 20 lm, i, m–r = 10 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
163
Fig. 104 Sporormurispora pruni (TASM 6126, holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c, d Section of ascoma. e Peridium.
f Pseudoparaphyses. g–i Asci. j–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–p = 10 lm
123
164
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Teichospora trabicola C141
Teichospora trabicola C157
93/1.00 Teichospora trabicola C160
Teichospora trabicola C134
92/0.98
Teichospora pusilla C140
Neocurreya proteae CBS 122675
100/1.00
Neocurreya austroafricana CBS 122674
Neocurreya austroafricana CBS 119330
88/1.00
100/1.00 Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM 1195
100/1.00
Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM 234N
Pseudoaurantiascoma kenyense GKM L100Na
96/1.00
Neocurreya grandicipis CPC 1852
Neocurreya grandicipis CPC 1853
Neocurreya claviformis GKM 1210
Teichospora rubriostiolata TR5
Teichospora rubriostiolata C158
Teichospora rubriostiolata TR7
98/1.00
Teichospora rubriostiolata C158
Teichospora rubriostiolata MFLU 16-1247
77/0.98
Teichospora uniseriata ANM 909
Teichospora melanommoides MP5
80/1.00
99/1.00 Misturatosphaeria uniseptata SMH 4330
Misturatosphaeria radicans ATCC 42522
96/0.99
62/0.96 Misturatosphaeria aurantonotata GKM 1280
Misturatosphaeria aurantonotata GKM 1238
Misturatosphaeria sp. SMH 3747
74/0.95
Misturatosphaeria acaciae CPC 24801
85/1.00
Magnibotryascoma desmazieri MFLUCC 12-0088
Magnibotryascoma mali MFLUCC 17-0933
74/-- Aurantiascoma minima ANM 60
86/-- Aurantiascoma minima ANM 933
Aurantiascoma minima GKM 169N
Aurantiascoma minima SMH 2448
78/-Asymmetrispora mariae C139
Asymmetrispora mariae C144
Asymmetrispora
mariae C159
100/1.00
Asymmetrispora mariae C134m
65/-Asymmetrispora mariae CBS 124079
100/1.00
Asymmetrispora mariae C136
Asymmetrispora tennesseensis ANM 911
96/1.00
100/1.00 Floricola striata JK 5603K
65/-Floricola striata JK 5678I
86/0.99
Floricola viticola MFLUCC 15-0039
Pseudomisturatosphaeria cruciformis SMH 5151
100/1.00
Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC10-0126
Ramusculicola thailandica MFLUCC 13-0284
95/0.99 Lophiostoma macrostomum KT508
87/0.97
Lophiostoma crenatum AFTOL-ID 1581
89/0.97
Lophiostoma caulium CBS 623.86
100/1.00
Lophiostoma
compressum KT 534
Lophiostomataceae
--/1.00
100/1.00
Lophiostoma arundinis AFTOL-ID 1606
100/1.00
Platystomum scabridisporum BCC 22835
Lophiostoma fuckelii CBS 101952
Sporormia fimetaria UPSDissing Gr.81.194
64/-Preussia minima AFTOL-ID 1256
100/0.95
Westerdykella cylindrica CBS 454.72
Sporormiaceae
100/1.00
Preussia terricola DAOM 230091
Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius CBS 124080
Lophiostomataceae (Outgroup)
0.03
Teichosporaceae
88/1.00
98/0.99
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 105 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF and RPB2 sequence data of
Teichosporaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Thambugala
et al. (2015) and Jaklitsch et al. (2016b). Fifty-nine strains are
included in the combined sequence analyses, which comprise 5194
characters with gaps. Single gene analyses were also performed and
topology and clade stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (CBS 124080) is used as the outgroup
taxon. Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The
best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 22439.534893 is presented. The matrix had 1572 distinct alignment
patterns, with 54.16% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.243146, C = 0.250199, G =
0.279528, T = 0.227127; substitution rates AC = 1.341851, AG =
3.651244, AT = 1.742741, CG = 1.305218, CT = 9.462098, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.492844.
Bootstrap support values for ML (first set) equal to or greater than
60%, BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes.
The newly generated sequence is in blue
even though they cluster as a single lineage in Clade C
(Fig. 107). There are substantial morphological differences
between these two taxa to warrant generic rank. In addition, other phylogenetic analyses (results not shown here)
indicate that they are distinct genera (Tibpromma et al.
2018 pers. comm.).
Cycasicola goaensis Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554214; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04053; Fig. 108.
Etymology: Name reflects Goa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0581.
Saprobic on Cycas sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100–
140 lm high 120–160 lm diam. (
x = 124.1 9 141.3 lm, n
= 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence,
immersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–20 lm wide, composed of
brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline, smooth-walled.
Conidia 3.5–5 9 2.2–2.6 lm (
x = 4.3 9 2.2 lm, n = 40),
fusiform to cylindrical, guttulate, continuous, straight or
slightly curved, aseptate, obtuse at apex and base, sometimes slightly truncate at base, hyaline or pale brown,
smooth-walled.
Known distribution: On Cycas sp., India.
Material examined: INDIA, Goa, on petiole of Cycas sp.
(Cycadaceae), 10 October 2015, E.B.G. Jones GJ205
(MFLU 17-0581, holotype), ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0754.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828885, LSU: MG829001,
SSU: MG829112, TEF: MG829198.
165
Notes: Cycasicola goaensis is morphologically similar
to Microsphaeropsis in having phialidic, ampulliform,
hyaline, conidiogenous cells and fusiform to cylindrical,
straight or slightly curved, aseptate, pale brown to yellowish conidia. However, these two genera do not group
with our new isolates in primary analyses (data not shown).
Neoconiothyrium Wanas., Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554215; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04054.
Etymology: The generic name is based on the morphological similarity to Coniothyrium.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial,
stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed to immersed in
the host, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black,
ostiolate, apapillate. Pycnidial wall multi–layered, with
3–4 outer layers of brown–walled cells of textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells
discrete, often positioned on clumps of cells that protrude
into the cavity, broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, annellidic, often with an elongated neck showing several distinct
percurrent proliferations. Conidia globose to irregularly
ellipsoid, initially hyaline and guttulate, after secession
golden-brown, mature conidial wall orange-brown, the
outer surface smooth.
Type: Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi &
K.D. Hyde
Notes: In this study we have obtained a culture from a
specimen, which was collected from dead spines of Rosa
canina in Italy. DNA sequence analyses herein cluster this
isolate in a strongly supported clade with Arthopyrenia sp.
(UTHSCDI16-334). The strain UTHSCDI16-334 is not
related to any type materials and therefore it is inappropriate to rely on it for a phylogenetic discussion. Morphologically our new isolate resembles Coniothyrium in
having globose to irregularly ellipsoid, initially hyaline,
golden-brown conidia with guttules. There are no remaining taxa in this family with respects to these asexual
characteristics. Thus, Neoconiothyrium is introduce to
accommodate
coniothyrium-like
members
in
Teichosporaceae.
Neoconiothyrium rosae Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554216; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04055; Fig. 109.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 18-0117.
Saprobic on dried spine of Rosa canina. Sexual morph
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 120–
123
166
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 106 Teichospora rubriostiolata (MFLU 16-1247). a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Horizontally cut ascostroma. c Section of
ascoma. d Peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 lm, d, e, i–n = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm
170 lm diam. 9 190–240 lm high (
x = 131 9 210 lm, n =
10), pycnidial, stromatic, mostly solitary, semi-immersed
to immersed in the host, globose to subglobose, dark brown
to black, ostiolate, apapillate. Pycnidial wall 10–30 lm
wide, multi-layered, with 3-4 outer layers of brown-walled cells of textura angularis, with inner layer thin, hyaline.
Conidiogenous cells 4–7 9 3–7 lm (
x = 5 9 5 lm, n = 20),
discrete, often positioned on clumps of cells that protrude
into the cavity, broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, annellidic, often with an elongated neck showing several distinct
percurrent proliferations. Conidia 6–8 9 4–7 lm (
x=69
5 lm, n = 40), globose to irregularly ellipsoid, initially
hyaline and guttulate, after secession golden-brown,
123
mature conidial wall orange-brown, the outer surface
smooth.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Teodorano, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 9 December 2014, Erio Camporesi,
IT 2296 (MFLU 18-0117, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0052.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828922, LSU: MG829032,
SSU: MG829138.
Notes: See notes under Neoconiothyrium.
Parathyridaria Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Studies in Mycology 85: 48 (2016)
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
167
Parathyridaria ramulicola MRR1
Parathyridaria ramulicola MF4
94/1.00
Parathyridaria rosae MFLUCC 17-0800 Clade A
100/1.00 Parathyridaria percutanea CBS 128203
Parathyridaria percutanea CBS 868.95
66/1.00
Thyridaria broussonetiae TB2
Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1
99/0.97
Thyridaria broussonetiae TB
100/1.00
Thyridaria broussonetiae TB1a
Thyridaria acaciae CBS138873
Neoroussoella lenispora GZCC16-0020
‘Arthopyrenia’ sp. UTHSCDI16-334
92/1.00
Clade B Neoconiothyrium
Neoconiothyrium rosae MFLUCC 15-0052
Cycasicola
Cycasicola goaensis MFLUCC 17-0754
85/-Clade C
Pararoussoella
Pararoussoella rosarum MFLUCC 17-0796
Neoroussoella bambusae MFLUCC 11-0124
Roussoella
hysterioides CBS 546.94
99/1.00
96/1.00
Roussoella japanensis MAFF 239636
Roussoella verrucispora CBS 125434
Roussoella scabrispora MFLUCC 11-0624
99/1.00
Roussoella scabrispora RSC
Roussoella pustulans MAFF 239637
99/1.00
64/0.96
Roussoella intermedia NBRC 106245
98/1.00
Roussoellopsis tosaensis MAFF 239638
Roussoellopsis macrospora MFLUCC 12-0005
68/-Roussoellopsis sp. KT 1710
100/1.00
Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0634
97/1.00
Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0182
Roussoella thailandica MFLUCC 11-0621
Roussoella magnatum MFLUCC 15-0185
67/-79/1.00
Roussoella angustior MFLUCC 15-0186
Roussoella chiangraina MFLUCC 10-0556
Arthopyrenia salicis MUT<ITA>4879
96/1.00
100/1.00
Roussoella neopustulans MFLUCC 11-0609
86/-- Roussoella intermedia CBS 170.96
93/-- Arthopyrenia salicis UTHSCDI16-220
85/1.00
Arthopyrenia salicis CBS 368.94
Roussoella mexicana CPC 25355
Roussoella siamensis MFLUCC 11-0149
Arthopyrenia sp. UTHSCDI16-362
Nigrograna mackinnonii CBS 110022
100/1.00
Nigrogranaceae (Outgroup)
Nigrograna
mackinnonii CBS 674.75
0.02
Roussoellaceae/ Thyridariaceae
100/1.00
97/1.00
Fig. 107 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence data of
Thyridariaceae. Related sequences were obtained from Tibpromma
et al. (2017). Forty-one strains are included in the combined sequence
analyses, which comprise 3472 characters with gaps. Single gene
analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability
compared from combinbed gene analyses. Nigrograna mackinnonii
(CBS 110022 and CBS 674.75) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The best scoring
RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 13377.069229 is
presented. The matrix had 816 distinct alignment patterns, with 34.1%
of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were
as follows; A = 0.243882, C = 0.255566, G = 0.272907, T =
0.227645; substitution rates AC = 1.65562, AG = 2.7603, AT =
1.501162, CG = 1.01901, CT = 8.473696, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.49788. Bootstrap support values
for ML (first set) equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or
greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated
sequences are in blue
123
168
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 108 Cycasicola goaensis (MFLU 17-0581, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different
stages of conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 20 lm, d = 10 lm, e = 5 lm
Notes: Jaklitsch and Voglmayr (2016) introduced
Parathyridaria to accommodate Parathyridaria percutanea and P. ramulicola which are recorded as saprobes
and human pathogens respectively. Parathyridaria is primarily characterized by immersed and globose ascomata, a
pseudoparenchymatous peridium, papillate and periphysate
ostioles, branched and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, narrowly clavate asci, fusoid, multi-septate, pale to greyish
brown ascospores, where upper part is slightly broader than
the lower part, globose to subglobose pycnidia, with thin
pseudoparenchymatous wall (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr
2016), phialidic conidiogenous cells, ellipsoid, unicellular
and hyaline to pale brown conidia (Ahmed et al. 2014). In
this study one of our isolates, MFLUCC 17-0800 groups
with Parathyridaria ramulicola and P. percutanea with
strong bootstrap support (Clade A, Fig. 107) in concatenated ribosomal (LSU, ITS and SSU) and protein (TEF and
RPB2) sequenced data analyses. The morphological characters of our new isolate fit into the generic concept of
Parathyridaria in having globose ascomata, a pseudoparenchymatous peridium, papillate and periphysate
123
ostiole, branched and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, narrowly clavate asci, fusoid, ascospores, where upper part is
slightly broader than lower part. However, ascospore
characters are different from Parathyridaria ramulicola.
Parathyridaria ramulicola has multi-septate ascospores,
while our new isolate has only 1-septate ascospores. A
comparison of the 504 ITS (? 5.8S) nucleotides with
Parathyridaria ramulicola with our new strains reveals 15
(2.97%) differences, that justifies the establishment of a
new taxon. We therefore, identify our isolates (MFLUCC
17-0800) as Parathyridaria rosae sp. nov.
Parathyridaria rosae Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,
sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554217; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04056; Fig. 110.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0623.
Saprobic on Rosa. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300–
400 lm high 150–200 lm diam. (
x = 341.7 9 178.8 lm, n
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
169
Fig. 109 Neoconiothyrium rosae (MFLU 18-0117, holotype). a–
b Conidiomata on spines of Rosa canina. c Vertical section of
conidioma d. Wall layer. e–h Developing state of conidia. i–
k Conidia. l Germinated conidium. Scale bar: b = 200 lm, c =
100 lm, d = 50 lm, e–k = 5 lm, l = 10 lm
= 5), immersed in wood and bark, solitary, scattered, globose, dark brown to black, coriaceous, ostiolate. Ostiole up
to 100–150 lm long and 50–80 lm wide, papillate,
blackish brown, smooth, periphysate. Peridium 15–20 lm
wide at the base, 15–40 lm wide at the sides, thin, with 5–
8-layers, heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising reddish-brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2.5 lm wide,
filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–
100 9 12.5–16 lm (
x = 87.5 9 14.1 lm, n = 30), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, narrowly clavate, pedicellate,
thick-walled at the apex, with minute ocular chamber.
Ascospores 18–24 9 6–8 lm (
x = 21.6 9 6.8 lm, n = 50),
overlapping uniseriate, fusoid, upper part wider than the
lower part, with 1-transverse septum, constricted at the
septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown at
maturity, ends remaining cone-shaped, with rounded ends,
smooth, guttulate, sheath present. Asexual morph:
Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, UK.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on
Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ314
(MFLU 17-0623, holotype), ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0800.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828940, LSU: MG829049.
Notes: See the notes under Parathyridaria.
Pararoussoella Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, gen.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554218; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04056.
Etymology: The generic name is based on the morphological similarity to Roussoella spp.
Saprobic in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered or aggregated in groups, immersed, globose,
ostiolate. Ostioles central, papillate, black. Peridium thick,
comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow, hyaline,
non-descript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells
tending to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented
outer layer with cells textura angularis, with walls
becoming thicker towards the outside. Hamathecium
comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate,
pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical, with a stipe, walls narrow, apex rounded with a
minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate to
123
170
Fig. 110 Parathyridaria rosae (MFLU 17-0623, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d Section of ascoma. e, f Peridium.
g Pseudoparaphyses. h–j Asci. k–n Ascospores (note the sheath
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
stained with Indian Ink in n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 200 lm, d
= 100 lm, e = 50 lm, f, h–j = 20 lm, g, k–n = 10 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid, straight to
slightly curved, with 1-septum, at first hyaline to pale
brown, turning dark brown when mature, ends remaining
cone-shaped, rounded at both ends, guttulate, rough, with
irregular longitudinal striations, with or without a sheath.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde
Notes: In this study we obtained an isolate from a
specimen which was collected from UK (Pararoussoella
rosarum). This isolate has a close phylogenetic affinity to
Cycasicola goaensis in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(Clade C, Fig. 107). Pararoussoella rosarum morphologically resembles taxa in Roussoella in having ascospores
with irregular longitudinal striations. However, Roussoella
and Pararoussoella are not closely related in our phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, based on similarity of the
sexual characteristics to the genus Roussoella, we introduce this new lineage (Clade C, Fig. 107) as
Pararoussoella.
Pararoussoella rosarum Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554219; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04057; Fig. 111.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0654.
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 450–
550 lm high 350–450 lm diam (
x = 486.6 9 400.3 lm, n
= 5), scattered or aggregated in groups, immersed, globose,
ostiolate. Ostioles up-to 100–140 lm long, apically 80–
120 lm wide (n = 5), central, papillate, black. Peridium
20–30 lm wide at the base, 30–60 lm wide at the sides,
comprising 6–8 layers, consisting of a narrow hyaline, nondescript inner layer of small and thin-walled cells tending
to be thicker towards the ostiole and a pigmented outer
layer with cells of textura angularis, with walls becoming
thicker towards the outside. Hamathecium comprising
numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched,
septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–160 9 10–13 lm (
x=
151.1 9 11.3 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a stipe long up to 30 lm, walls
narrow, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 16–24 9 6–8 lm (
x = 18.9 9 7.4 lm, n = 30),
uniseriate to overlapping uniseriate, narrowly ellipsoid,
straight to slightly curved, with 1-septum, at first hyaline to
pale brown, turning dark brown when mature, ends
remaining cone-shaped, rounded at both ends, guttulate,
rough, with irregular longitudinal striations, without a
sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa sp., UK.
171
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Swanick Lake, on
Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 July 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ310D
(MFLU 17-0654, holotype), ex-type living culture
MFLUCC 17-0796.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828939, LSU: MG829048,
SSU: MG829154, TEF: MG829224.
Notes: See notes under Pararoussoella.
Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 6
(1997)
Notes: Eurotiomycetes is one of the most diverse classes
in the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Currently, based on the
analyses of seven-loci it comprises three orders: Eurotiales,
Chaetothyriales and Phaeomoniellales (Chen et al. 2015b).
Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni, Mycological
Research 111 (5): 528 (2007)
Notes: Eurotiomycetidae is one of the subclasses of
Eurotiomycetes comprising plectomycete-like fungi. Currently, the subclass comprises five orders: Arachnomycetales, Coryneliales, Elaphomycetales, Eurotiales and
Onygenales (Geiser et al. 2006)
Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon
12 (1): 23 (1980)
Notes: The order Eurotiales belonging to subclass
Eurotiomycetidae comprises cosmopolitan species. They
represent diverse species which can survive at extremely
low water activity as well as high temperatures (Geiser
et al. 2006). Currently, the species from the genera Eurotium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Elaphomyces, Trichocoma
and Byssochlamys have been placed into this order.
Trichocomaceae E. Fisch., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 310
(1897)
Notes: The family Trichocomaceae belonging to order
Eurotiales was erected by Fischer in 1897. This is a large
and saprobic family of fungi in nature with the many wellknown genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium and
Paecilomyces. Species belonging to this family have the
ability to produce a number of secondary metabolites
(mycotoxins or extrolites) and enzymes (Samson et al.
2010; Houbraken and Samson 2011).
Penicillium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3 (1): 16 (1809)
The genus Penicillium (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales)
was first described in 1809 by Johann Heinrich Friedrich
Link. Penicillium species are of major importance in natural environments as well as food and drug production. The
genus is found worldwide in various habitats, especially
soil, vegetation, air, indoor environments, and contaminated foodstuff (Frisvad and Samson 2004; Frisvad et al.
2004; Samson et al. 2010). Some species in the genus are
123
172
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 111 Pararoussoella rosarum (MFLU 17-0654, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Section of ascoma. d Peridium.
e Pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–n Ascospores (note the longitudinal
dark, striping pattern in n). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 lm, c =
100 lm, d, f–h = 20 lm, e, i–n = 10 lm
pathogenic or highly toxic to human and animals because
of mycotoxin production (Frisvad et al. 2004; Houbraken
et al. 2016). Some Penicillium strains are also used in the
food industry for the production of special cheeses (Thom
1906; Nelson 1970; Karahadian et al. 1985; Giraud et al.
2010) and fermented sausages (López-Dı́az et al. 2001;
Ludemann et al. 2010), and for the production of novel
enzymes (Raper and Thom 1949; Li et al. 2007; Adsul
et al. 2007; Terrasan et al. 2010). Notably, Penicillium
strains are used to produce the antibiotic penicillin for
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
treating bacterial infections (Fleming 1929; Chain et al.
1940; Abraham et al. 1941; Thom 1945). Currently, the
genus contains 354 accepted species (Visagie et al. 2014),
and is divided into four subgenera: Aspergilloides, Penicillium, Biverticillate, and Furcatum, comprising 25 sections (Visagie et al. 2014). Among the sections of
Penicillium, section Gracilenta, includes four species,
Penicillium angustiporcatum, Penicillium estinogenum,
Penicillium macrosclerotiorum, and Penicillium gracilentum, which do not grow at 37 °C and have an olive-brown
to brown reverse colour on culture media. With the
exception of P. macrosclerotiorum, all species in the section produce broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal conidia
(Udagawa and Horie 1973; Pitt 1980; Takada and Udagawa
1983; Wang et al. 2007b). The current taxonomy and
phylogeny of these species is limited, and future research
might reveal additional characteristics.
Currently, there are 22 accepted species in Penicillium
sect. Sclerotiora, and several species produce colonies that
are bright yellow to orange and are characterized by
monoverticillate conidiophores. The exceptions are P.
herquei, P. malachiteum, and P. nodositatum, which are
biverticillate. These species are identified based on the
gene sequences of b-tubulin and calmodulin. The morphological characteristics of all species belonging to this
section, together with photomicrographs and DNA markers, are recommended for identification (Visagie et al.
2013).
To the best of our knowledge, only five new Penicillium
species have been currently reported in Korea: P. daejeonium from grape and schisandra fruit, P. koreense from
soil, P. samsonianum from the stems and leaves of Viscum
album var. coloratum, P. jejuense from the marine environment of Jeju Island, and P. punicae from pomegranate
(Punica granatum) fruit (Tibpromma et al. 2017).
During an investigation of freshwater-derived fungi in
Korea in 2016, two new species were isolated, and their
morphological characteristics are described and phylogenetic relationships investigated (Figs. 112, 113).
Penicillium aquaticum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, &
T.T.T. Nguyen, sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB822166; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04073; Fig. 114
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Latin name
for the water, from which the species was first isolated.
Holotype: CNUFC-YSW8-1
Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, reaching 29–30 mm
diam. at 25 °C in 7 days, greenish glaucous to dark herbage green; reverse olive yellow to grey olivaceous.
Conidiophores monoverticillate, stipes smooth, vary
greatly in length, septate, 2–3.5 lm wide. Phialides
173
smooth, ampulliform, 4–10 per verticil. Conidia slightly
roughened, globose to subglobose, 2–4 9 2–4 lm.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam
Province, Gwangju (35°100 N 126°550 E); from plant debris
in freshwater collected at Yeongsan River; 15 February
2016 (CNUFC-YSW8-1, preserved as a glycerol stock at
- 80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal
Collection; isotype deposited in the Culture Collection of
Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources
[NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province); living culture
(ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection
(University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany)
(JMRC:SF:013660).
Culture characteristics: The isolate grew at a wide range
of temperatures, with varying growth rates on MEA, CYA,
and YES. The average growth rates of CNUFC-YSW8-1
on MEA, CYA, and YES were 4, 4.5, and 4 mm per 24 h,
respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow
growth was observed at 20 °C, and restricted growth was
observed at 37 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: KY587452, KY587453, RPB2:
KY587448, KY587449, CaM: KY587447, KY587454,
TUB: KY587450, KY587451.
Notes: Penicillium aquaticum is distinct from Penicillium macrosclerotiorum by its rapid growth when cultivated on MEA and moderate growth on YES. The
conidiophores consist of 4–10 phialides per vertical which
are fewer than in P. macrosclerotiorum. In the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of multiple genes, the
strain formed a separate branch from other species of
Penicillium sect. Gracilenta, thus it is considered a new
Species.
Penicillium acidum Hyang B. Lee, T.T. Duong, & T.T.T.
Nguyen, sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB 822167; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04074; Fig. 115
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Latin word
means ‘‘producing of acid’’ because of the production of
acid compounds on medium by the fungus.
Holotype: CNUFC-DLW4-1
Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, reaching 31–32 mm
diam. at 25 °C in 7 days. Conidiophores monoverticillate,
stipes smooth, varying greatly in length, septate, 2.5–4 lm
wide. Phialides smooth, ampulliform, 5–12 per verticil.
Conidia slightly roughened, globose to subglobose, 2.5–3.5
9 2–3 lm.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam
Province, Gwangju (35°100 N 126°550 E), plant debris in
water sample from a small pond on Chonnam National
University Campus; 5 October 2016 (CNUFC-DLW4-1,
preserved as a glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam
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174
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
99
Penicillium pagulum CBS 139165
Penicillium pagulum CBS 139167
88
100
Penicillium punicae CNUFC-FP2-1
Penicillium punicae CNUFC-FP2-2
Sect. Exilicaulis
Penicillium rubefaciens CBS 145.83
100
Penicillium rubefaciens CBS 139145
99
Penicillium corylophilum CBS 330.79
Penicillium corylophilum CBS 312.48
64
94
100
98
Penicillium macrosclerotiorum CBS 116871
Penicillium macrosclerotiorum AS3.6581
99
Penicillium aquaticum CNUFC-YSW8-2
Penicillium aquaticum CNUFC-YSW8-1
86
Sect. Gracilenta
Penicillium gracilentum CBS 599.73
Penicillium angustiporcatum CBS 202.84
100
Penicillium janthinellum CBS 340.48
Penicillium janthinellum CBS 341.48
97
Sect. Lanata-divaricata
Penicillium abidjanum CBS 246.67
100
98
77
Penicillium citrinum CBS 232.38
Penicillium citrinum CBS 139.45
Penicillium shearii CBS 290.48
Sect. Citrina
Penicillium euglaucum CBS 323.71
Talaromyces flavus CBS 310.38
0.05
Fig. 112 Phylogenetic tree for Penicillium aquaticum CNUFCYSW8-1 and CNUFC-YSW8-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined datasets for beta tubulin
(BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RPB2. Sequence of Talaromyces
flavus was used as an outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the
bootstrap values ([60%) from 1000 replicates. The bar indicates the
number of substitutions per nucleotide. New taxa are shown in blue
and ex-type strains are shown in bold
National University Fungal Collection; isotype deposited
in the Culture Collection of Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources [NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk
Province); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena
Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and
Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013659).
Culture characteristics: The isolate grew at a wide range
of temperatures, with varying growth rates on MEA, CYA,
and YES. The average growth rates of CNUFC-DLW4-1
on MEA, CYA, and YES were 4, 2.5, and 2 mm per 24 h,
respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow
growth was observed at 5 and 20 °C, and no growth was
observed at 37 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: KY587441, KY587442, RPB2:
KY587440, KY587446, CaM: KY587442, KY587443,
TUB: KY587439, KY587444.
Notes: Penicillium acidum is distinct from Penicillium
johnkrugii and P. mallochii by slow growth when cultivated on CYA and YES, and the formation of sclerotia on
some media. Additionally, P. acidium produces strong acid
on CREA, while P. johnkrugii and P. mallochii do not. In
the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of multiple
genes, the strain formed a separate branch different from
other species of Penicillium sect. Sclerotiora; thus, it is
considered a new species.
123
Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 7
(1997)
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
175
99 Penicillium
mallochii DAO239917
Penicillium mallochii DAOM 239919
99
98
Penicillium johnkrugii DAOM 239942
Penicillium johnkrugii DAOM 239943
99 99
Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-2
Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-1
83
Penicillium vanoranjei CBS 134406
100
Penicillium sclerotiorum CBS 287.36
Penicillium sclerotiorum DAOM 239932
96
75
96
Penicillium jacksonii DAOM 239937
Penicillium cainii DAOM 239914
Penicillium viticola DAOM 239935
100
Penicillium guanacastense DAOM 239912
100
Penicillium maximae CBS 134565
Penicillium hirayamae CBS 229.60
100
Penicillium hirayamae CBS 238.65
99
Sect. Sclerotiora
Penicillium lilacinoechinulatum CBS 454.93
Penicillium amaliae CBS 134209
90
Penicillium brocae CBS 116113
Penicillium arianeae CBS 134559
Penicillium jugoslavicum CBS 192.87
96
68
Penicillium adametzioides CBS 313.59
Penicillium angulare CBS 130293
Penicillium bilaiae CBS 221.66
93
Penicillium adametzii CBS 209.28
Penicillium alexiae CBS 134558
72
100
Penicillium herquei CBS 347.51
Penicillium herquei CBS 336.48
Penicillium malachiteum CBS 647.95
Penicillium levitum CBS 345.48
0.02
Fig. 113 Phylogenetic tree of Penicillium acidum CNUFC-DLW4-1
and CNUFC-DLW4-2 and related species in the section Sclerotiora
based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined datasets for
beta tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RPB2. Sequence of
Penicillium levitum was used as an outgroup. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 60%) from 1000 replicates. The bar
indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains are shown in bold
Notes: This is the largest class of lichenized ascomycetes (Lücking et al. 2016). The taxa are widely distributed
(Kirk et al. 2008). Most of the members are apothecial
ascomycetes, while a few form perithecia (Ekanayaka et al.
2017).
Notes: This is the largest subclass in Lecanoromycetes
(Lücking et al. 2016). The subclass was established by
Hibbett et al. (2007a, b). Lecanoromycetidae comprises the
lichenized orders Caliciales, Lecanorales, Lecideales, Leprocaulales, Peltigerales, Rhizocarpales and Teloschistales (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c).
Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon &
J.C. David ex Lutzoni Huhndorf & Lumbsch, Mycological
Research 111 (5): 529 (2007)
Caliciales Bessey, University of Nebraska Studies 7: 299
(1907)
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176
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 114 Penicillium aquaticum ( CNUFC-YSW8-1, holotype). a,
e Colonies in Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA). b, f Colonies in
malt extract agar (MEA). c, g Colonies in yeast extract sucrose agar
(YES). d, h Colonies in creatine sucrose agar (CREA). (a–d: obverse
view, e–h: reverse view), (m–r: light microscope, s–x: SEM). i Acid
production by colonies of CNUFC YSW8-1 on CREA after 10 days
of incubation. j Texture on MEA. k Sclerotia on MEA. l Texture on
CYA. m–q, s–w Conidiophores. r, x Conidia. Scale bars: m–r =
20 lm, t, u = 10 lm, s, v, w = 5 lm, x = 2 lm
Notes: This order was established by Bessey in 1907.
They form lichens in various habitats (Jaklitsch et al.
2016c; Ekanayaka et al. 2017). The order is not easily
characterized morphologically and includes both mazaediate and non-mazaediate genera of both crustose, fruticose
and foliose genera.
Caliciaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris
1: 314 (1826)
Notes: This family established by Chevallier in 1826 and
harbours lichenized and lichenicolous species. Currently
Caliciaceae comprises around 29 genera and 630 species
(Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Taxa form crustose to squamulose,
foliose, or fruticose lichen thalli. Ascomata are
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
177
Fig. 115 Penicillium acidum (CNUFC-DLW4-1, holotype). a,
e Colonies in Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA). b, f Colonies in
malt extract agar (MEA). c, g Colonies in yeast extract sucrose agar
(YES). d, h Colonies in creatine sucrose agar (CREA). (a–d: obverse
view, e–h: reverse view), (i–l: light microscope, m-s: SEM). i–k, m–
r Conidiophores, l, s: Conidia. Scale bars: m = 20 lm, i–l, p = 10 lm,
n, o, q, r = 5 lm, s = 2 lm
characterized by mazediate to non-mazaediate, stalked to
sessile, mostly lecideine and rarely lecanorine, blackish
apothecia. The excipulum composed of proso- or paraplectenchymatous cells. The outer excipulum cells are
usually dark brown, while the inner cells are hyaline.
Paraphyses are unbranched or slightly branched and amyloid. Asci are mostly semifissitunicate and amyloid, but in
some genera prototunicate. Ascospores are septate (1–3septate), muriform to ellipsoid (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c;
Prieto and Wedin 2016). Some taxa produce secondary
metabolites such as terpenes, depsidones (e.g., norstictic
acid), lichexanthone, and sometimes anthraquinones e.g.,
in a pigmented medulla (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c). Species are
widely distributed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical
regions especially on bark, rocks and wood (Jaklitsch et al.
2016c) (Fig. 116).
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178
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Amandinea punctata AFTOL-ID 1306
95/--/--
100/--/1.00
Amandinea punctata MFLU 17-1908
Amandinea punctata Nordin 5346
Amandinea
Amandinea lignicola T605
Amandinea coniops MP25
100/97/1.00
Buellia frigida s267
Buellia aethalea F138222
65/68/--
Buellia
Buellia mamillana 141100
71/87/0.95
--/100/1.00
Buellia chujana 140835-2
100/100/1.00
66/--/0.97
Calicium denigratum MP54
Calicium trabinellum MP1
63/--/--
Calicium
Calicium abietinum MP40
Calicium lecideinum MP69
Lecanora contractula AFTOL-ID 877
0.03
Lecanora (Outgroup)
Fig. 116 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined ITS and LSU partial sequence data. The newly
generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank
database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were
obtained from GenBank. Fourteen strains are included in the sequence
analyses, which comprise 1496 characters with gaps. Single gene
analyses were also performed and topology and clade stability
compared from combined gene analyses. Lecanora contractuala is
used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood
analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree
with a final likelihood value of - 5767.163060 is presented. The
matrix had 441 distinct alignment patterns, with 25.75% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows;
A = 0.241, C = 0.246, G= 0.289, T = 0.225; substitution rates AC =
1.216520, AG = 1.660924, AT = 1.195129, CG = 0.869391, CT =
6.694136, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.236372. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 1496
characters, which 1063 were constant, 222 parsimony-informative
and 207 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data
matrix resulted in the maximum of three equally most parsimonious
trees with a length of 817 steps (CI = 0.725, RI = 0.556, RC = 0.403,
HI = 0.275) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set)
and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than
0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in
blue
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid., The
Lichenologist 25 (4): 343 (1993)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04058. Figure 117.
Lichenized on spines of Rosa. Thallus: crustose, whitish, granulose, rimose, bullate, K–. Sexual morph:
Apothecia pulvinate, 300–600 lm diam., arising singly or
in small groups, sessile, slightly erumpent from the substrate, black. Hypothecium convex, disc and the margins
are black. Hymenium hyaline with a thick gelatinous
matrix. Excipulum 20–30 lm (
x = 25 lm, n = 10) at flanks,
composed of cells of textura angularis. outer cells are
blackish and inner cells are hyaline. Paraphyses 1.4–
2.3 lm wide at the middle (
x = 1.8 lm, n = 20), numerous, filiform, septate, branched and swollen and pigmented
at the apex. Asci 45–55 9 11–17 lm (
x = 50 9 15 lm,
n = 30) 8-spored, narrowed short pedicel, cylindric–clavate, rounded at the apex, amyloid ring absent at the ascus
apex. Ascospore 12–15 9 5–7 lm (
x= 13 9 6 lm,
Fig. 117 Amandinea punctata (MFLU 17-1908) a Substrate. b As- c
comata on lichen wood. c Cross section of an ascoma. d Close up of a
vertical section of the ascoma at margin. e Aseptate paraphyses. f,
g Short pedicellate asci. h–j Ovate ascospores. Scale bars: c =
200 lm, d = 30 lm, e = 25 lm, f, g = 10 lm, h–j = 5 lm
123
n = 40), dark brown, smooth-walled, ellipsoid, 1-septate
and guttulate. Asexual morph: not observed (Fig. 117).
Material examined: SWEDEN, Koster Islands, Långevik
58°520 51.000 N 11°000 31.000 E, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), June 2017, E.B.G. Jones GJ377 (MFLU 17-1908).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828867, LSU: MG828983.
Notes: During our fungal diversity survey in Koster
Islands (Sweden), we recovered a Lecanoromycetes species
which we described as a new host record herein. This is one
of the nice examples that tells us about the vast geographical distribution of fungi which are able to grow on
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
179
123
180
Rosa species. Phylogenetic investigations revealed that our
new strain is close to Amandinea punctata strains (AFTOLID 1306 and Nordin 5346). Even though these sequences
are not related to any type material, morphological
descriptions support that our new collection should be
considered as Amandinea punctata. Amandinea punctata is
characterized by having black apothecia, paraphyses with
swollen pigmented apices and dark brown 1-septate
ascospores (Scheidegger 1993). Amandinea punctata is
morphologically similar to A. lecideina, but they differ in
ascospore ornamentation. Amandinea lecideina has
microrugulate ascospores, while those of A. punctata are
smooth (Scheidegger 1993, Mayrhofer and Moberg 2002).
Lecanorales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 68 (1932)
Notes: This is a mainly lichenized order in which lichen
thalli are formed with protococcoid green photobionts
(Crespo et al. 2010; Miadlikowska et al. 2014). The
members are widely distributed (Kirk et al. 2008; Ekanayaka et al. 2017).
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
composed of small, thin-walled, orange brown cells of
textura intricata without algal cells, outer cells are bluish
green to dull gray-blue, inner cells are hyaline. Paraphyses
1–2 lm wide (
x = 1.8 lm, n = 20), numerous, filiform,
propoloid, aseptate. Asci 40–50 9 10–15 lm (
x = 48 9
14 lm, n = 30) 8-spored, narrowed to base, short pedicel,
cylindric–clavate, rounded at the apex, amyloid ring absent
at the ascus apex. Ascospore 7–12 9 6–8 lm (
x =10 9
7 lm, n = 40), hyaline, smooth-walled, globose to broadly
ellipsoid. Asexual morph: not observed (Fig. 118).
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016,
E.B.G. Jones GJ284 (MFLU 17-1909)
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828907
Notes: Our molecular data clearly indicates that our new
strain of MFLU 17-1909 which was collected on Rosa from
Hampshire, is monophyletic with Lecidella elaeochroma in
the ITS analysis (Fig. 119). This identification is supported
by having black apothecia, hyaline paraphyses and globose
ascospores in agreement with the description in Choisy
(1950).
Lecanoraceae Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 104
(1855)
Notes: This family was established by Körber (1855).
This is one of the largest families within Lecanoromycetes
characterised by lecanorine or lecideine apothecia, sparingly branched paraphyses, semifissitunicate cylindrical to
clavate asci, ellipsoid, subglobose or bacilliform, hyaline
ascospores. Taxa of this family produce secondary
metabolites such as anthraquinones, chlorinated xanthones,
depsides, despidones, dibenzofurans, lichexanthone, triterpenoids (Kalb et al. 2011). This is a widely distributed
family commonly on rocks, soil or bark (Kalb et al. 2011).
Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10
(1997)
Notes: For the latest treatments of this class we follow
Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015, 2016) and Hongsanan
et al. (2017).
Lecidella Körb., Systema lichenum Germaniae: 233 (1855)
Notes: Lecidella was established by Körber (1855). The
ascomata of Lecidella are black, lecideine, with a proper
excipulum, the asci cylindrical, eight-spored, paraphyses
filiform, and ascospores simple, hyaline (Zhao et al. 2015).
Currently this genus includes approximately 80 accepted
species (Jaklitsch et al. 2016c).
Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 53 (1932)
Notes: The order Diaporthales accommodates saprobic,
endophytic or pathogenic species on plants and animals or
inhabiting in soil with abundant asexual morph in nature
(Castlebury et al. 2002; Rossman et al. 2007; Dissanayake
et al. 2017b; Senanayake et al. 2017). Recent taxonomic
and phylogenetic studies placed the order in the class
Sordariomycetes and subclass Diaporthomycetidae (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016, Rossman et al. 2015;
Voglmayr et al. 2017). Senanayake et al. (2017) accepted
21 families in this order as Apiosporopsidaceae, Apoharknessiaceae, Asterosporiaceae, Auratiopycnidiellaceae,
Coryneaceae, Cryphonectriaceae, Cytosporaceae, Diaporthaceae, Erythrogloeaceae, Gnomoniaceae, Harknessiaceae,
Juglanconidaceae,
Lamproconiaceae,
Macrohilaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae,
Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy, Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 19: 19 (1950)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04059. Fig. 118.
Lichenized on spines of Rosa. Thallus: crustose, grey to
yellowish green, granulose, rimose, K? yellow. Sexual
morph: Apothecia 0.5–1 mm diam., arising singly or in
small groups, sessile, slightly erumpent from the thallus,
pulvinate, roundish or irregular, black. Hypothecium convex. Margins distinct, black. Hymenium hyaline, within a
thick gelatinous matrix. Excipulum 70–100 lm at flanks,
123
Subclass Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka,
Myconet 1: 10 (1997)
Notes: Sordariomycetidae was established by Eriksson
and Winka (1997) and currently the subclass included three
orders i.e. Diaporthales, Ophiostomatales and Sordariales
(Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016).
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
181
Fig. 118 Lecidella elaeochroma (MFLU 17-1909) a Substrate. b Ascomata on lichen wood. c Ascoma on lichen wood. d Cross section of
an ascoma. e Close up of a vertical section of the ascoma at margin.
f Aseptate paraphyses. g–i Short pedicellate asci. j–m Ovate
ascospores. Scale bars: d = 500 lm, e = 300 lm, f–i = 50 lm, j–m
= 15 lm
Prosopidicolaceae, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, Schizoparmaceae, Stilbosporaceae and Sydowiellaceae.
phytopathogenic species (Udayanga et al. 2011, 2014). The
phylogenetic study based on LSU nrDNA by Castlebury
et al. (2002) revealed that the family clusters within the
order Diaporthales. Recently, Maharachchikumbura et al.
(2016) listed Allantoporthe, Apioporthella, Clypeoporthella, Diaporthe, Diaporthella, Leucodiaporthe, Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces and Stenocarpella
Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm., American Journal of
Botany 13: 638 (1926)
Notes: Von Höhnel (1917b) introduced the family Diaporthaceae that comprises many endophytic and
123
182
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
100/100/1.00
Lecidella tumidula ZX 20129166 2
Lecidella tumidula ZX XL0009
100/100/1.00
Lecidella euphorea AFTOL-ID 1374
Lecidella scabra LIFU051 16
78/67/0.98
Lecidella elaeochromoides ZX 20141142
Lecidella elaeochromoides ZX 20114966 2
Lecidella effugiens ZX YN0203
100/100/1.00
84/95/1.00
Lecidella elaeochroma MFLU 17-1909
Lecidella elaeochroma AFTOL-ID 1275
Lecidella wulfenii Tuerk 39666
98/97/1.00
74/--/0.99
94/92/1.00 100/100/1.00
Lecidella flavosorediata LIFU056 16
Lecidella flavosorediata LIFU086 16
Lecidella
Lecidella meiococca Ekman 3101
Lecidella enteroleucella ZX YN0201
93/63/0.95
97/96/1.00
Lecidella siplei Tuerk 43428
Lecidella siplei Tuerk 35895
81/89/0.96
72/76/0.95
96/97/0.99
Lecidella patavina ZX XL0345
Lecidella carpathica BIOUG24047 H06
Lecidella carpathica BIOUG24047 E02
Lecidella patavina ZX 20140501 2
--/100/1.00
Lecidella stigmatea Kayseri
94/100/1.00
98/99/0.99
Lecidella stigmatea ZT2013199
Lecidella greenii S301
Lecidella greenii SZU Turk 43015
Lecidella albida LIFU055 16
Lecanora contractula AFTOL-ID 877
0.04
Lecanora (Outgroup)
Fig. 119 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on ITS partial sequence data. The newly generated nucleotide
sequences were compared against the GenBank database using the
Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were obtained from
GenBank. Twenty-six strains are included in the sequence analyses,
which comprise 551 characters with gaps. Lecanora contractula is
used as the outgroup taxon. Tree topology of the maximum-likelihood
analysis was similar to the MP and BI. The best scoring RAxML tree
with a final likelihood value of - 3098.613569 is presented. The
matrix had 256 distinct alignment patterns, with 7.58% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows;
A = 0.212, C = 0.285, G= 0.266, T = 0.237; substitution rates AC =
1.173455, AG = 3.387259, AT = 2.420489, CG = 1.033266, CT =
7.209776, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.309941. The maximum parsimonious dataset consisted of 551
characters, which 328 were constant, 150 parsimony-informative and
73 parsimony-uninformative. The parsimony analysis of the data
matrix resulted in the maximum of twelve equally most parsimonious
trees with a length of 503 steps (CI = 0.636, RI = 0.783, RC = 0.498,
HI = 0.364) in the first tree. Bootstrap support values for ML (first set)
and MP equal to or greater than 60%, BYPP equal to or greater than
0.95 are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in
blue
as genera of Diaporthaceae. Gao et al. (2017) showed
Diaporthe sensu lato to be polyphyletic, including genera
such as Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces,
Phaeocytostroma, and Stenocarpella. The recent updated
multi-gene analyses and morphological studies by Senanayake et al. (2017) accepted the genera Allantoporthe,
Apioporthella, Chaetoconis, Chiangraiomyces, Diaporthe,
Hyaliappendispora,
Leucodiaporthe,
Mazzantia,
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
183
Ophiodiaporthe,
Paradiaporthe,
Phaeocytostroma,
Phaeodiaporthe, Pustulomyces and Stenocarpella.
their holotype, epitype, isotype or neotype with molecular
data.
Diaporthe Nitschke.
Notes: Diaporthe (asexual state Phomopsis consists of
endophytic or saprobic species on plants, characterized by
elongate to elliptical ascospores with rounded ends and
long, narrow papilla (Rossman et al. 2007; Udayanga et al.
2012; Dissanayake et al. 2017a, b; Senanayake et al. 2017).
The combined multi-gene phylogenetic study by Udayanga
et al. (2012) re-evaluated the species recognition in Diaporthe. Gomes et al. (2013) provided detailed descriptions
of 54 species of Diaporthe and Hyde et al. (2014) provided
a backbone phylogenetic tree of 72 species linked with the
types. The recent updated study on Diaporthe by Dissanayake et al. (2017c) describes 171 species links with
Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomycetes Germanici 2: 245
(1870)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04060; Fig. 120.
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 140–
160 lm high 180–220 lm diam. (
x = 150.4 9 197.3 lm, n
= 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semiimmersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–30 lm wide, composed of
thick-walled, brown, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses
lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched,
cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slightly tapering towards
Fig. 120 Diaporthe eres (MFLU 17-0639). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d–f Different stages of
conidiogenesis. g Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d–g = 5 lm
123
184
apex. Alpha conidia 5.5–7.5 9 2–2.5 lm (
x = 6.3 9
2.2 lm, n = 40), aseptate, hyaline, ovate to ellipsoidal, 2–3guttulate, truncate at the base, smooth-walled. Beta conidia
not observed.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, New Forest,
Brockenhurst, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 9 April
2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ255D (MFLU 17-0639). ibid.
Portsmouth, Burrfield, on branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae),
14 May 2016, E.B.G. Jones GJ285C (MFLU 17-0645)
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828890, MG828891, CaM:
MG829271, MG829272, BTUB: MG843873, MG843874.
Notes: Diaporthe eres has been identified as a minor
pathogen causing leaf spots, stem cankers and diseases of
woody plants in diverse families including the Ericaceae,
Juglandaceae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae, Ulmaceae, Vitaceae and others, mostly in temperate regions worldwide
(Udayanga et al. 2014). In this study we introduce another
collection of Diaporthe eres from spines of Rosa species in
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Hampshire, UK. We did not obtain an isolate and therefore
we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting bodies.
Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl., in
Udayanga, Castlebury, Rossman & Hyde, Persoonia 32: 95
(2014)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04061; Fig. 121.
Pathogen on stems, fruit, leaves and spines. Sexual
morph: Udayanga et al. (2014). Asexual morph: Conidiomata (150–)300 9 100 lm, immersed, pycnidial, globose
to subglobose, visible as brown to black, scattered, solitary
or in groups, with tapering perithecial necks barely protruding through epidermis, mostly embedded in tissue,
often with a yellowish, drop-like conidial cirrus extruding
from ostiole. Peridium parenchymatous, consisting [4
layers of hyaline to light brown cells of textura angularis.
Paraphyses lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth,
unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slightly tapering
Fig. 121 Diaporthe foeniculina (MFLU 15-0227). a–c Ascomata on spines of Rosa canina. d Ascoma in longitudinal section. e Peridium.
f Ostiole. g Conidiophore with conidiogenous cells. h–n Conidia. Scale bars: c = 200 lm, d = 50 lm, e–g = 20 lm, h = 10 lm, i–n = 5 lm
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
towards apex. Conidia (6.8–)7.5–8.7 9 1.8–2.1(–2.5) lm
(
x =7.7 9 2.4 lm), aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, ovate
to ellipsoidal, 2–3-guttulate, base subtruncate.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 7 cm
diam after 4 weeks at 25 °C, white, sparse aerial mycelium, yellow pigmentation developing in reverse centre.
Distribution: Argentina, Australia, Europe (Greece,
Portugal, Spain, Italy), New Zealand, South Africa and
USA (California) (Udayanga et al. 2014).
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], Monte Pallareto, Meldola, on dead aerial spines of
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 15 December 2014, Erio
Camporesi IT 2298 (MFLU 15-0227); living cultures,
MFLUCC 15-0159.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828892, LSU: MG922547,
SSU: MG922550, RPB2: MG922553, BTUB: MG843875.
Notes: Diaporthe foeniculina (MFLUCC 15-0159) was
found on spines of Rosa canina in Italy. Our strain has the
same characteristics with D. foeniculina (CBS 111553)
which was introduced by Udayanga et al. (2014) in having
hyaline guttulate alpha conidia, as well as the size and
shape of pycnidia and conidia. However, Udayanga et al.
(2014) also reported the sexual stage of D. foeniculina as
globose to subglobose, scattered, with tapering ascomatal
necks barely protruding through epidermis, with unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate asci (8-spored), and 2-celled,
hyaline ascospores, often with four guttules, elongated to
elliptical, and recorded this species on wide host range
(Acacia, Acer, Actinidia deliciosa, Aspalathus linearis,
Bougainvillea spectabilis, Camellia sinensis, Castanea,
Citrus limon, C. limonia, Crataegus, Diospyros, Foeniculum vulgare, Fuchsia, Hydrangea, Juglans, Malus, Olea,
Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhus, Ribes, Vitis vinifera and
Wisteria sinensis). Phylogenetic analyses using combined
ITS, LSU sequence data analysis demonstrate that our
strain is D. foeniculina (Fig. 122). Thus, this is the first
record of D. foeniculina on spines of Rosa canina.
Diaporthe rhusicola Crous, Persoonia 26: 135 (2011)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 04062; Fig. 123.
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 50–800 lm
high 100–130 lm diam. (
x = 61.2 9 112.2 lm, n = 5),
pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semi-immersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole
papillate. Peridium 5–10 lm wide, composed of thickwalled cells of textura angularis, brown. Paraphyses
lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched,
cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, slightly tapering towards the
apex. Alpha conidia 6–9 9 1.8–2.8 lm (
x = 7.4 9 2.4 lm,
n = 40), aseptate, hyaline, ovate to ellipsoidal, guttulate,
185
both ends obtuse, smooth-walled. Beta conidia not
observed.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016,
E.B.G. Jones GJ285D (MFLU 17-0647).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828893, LSU: MG922548,
TEF: MG922551, BTUB: MG922552.
Notes: Diaporthe rhusicola was introduced by Crous
et al. (2011) from leaves of Rhus pendulina in South
Africa. This species also been reported from several hosts
including, Juglans regia and Prunus dulcis (Chen et al.
2015b). In this study we introduce another collection of
Diaporthe rhusicola on Rosa species in Hampshire. We did
not obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA
directly from the fruiting bodies.
Diaporthe rosae Samarakoon & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554072; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 03922; Fig. 124
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-1550.
Saprobic on dead pedicel of Rosa sp. Sexual morph:
Not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata: light to dark
brown, scattered, ellipsoidal patches on the host surface
95–160 lm (
x = 123.9 lm, n = 22) long, 35–75 lm (
x=
54.9 lm, n = 10) high, 80–140 lm (
x = 110.9 lm,
n = 10) diam at base, pycnidial, pyriform, initially
immersed, erumpent at maturity, globose to pyriform,
reddish brown, coriaceous, with elongate neck. Conidiomatal wall: 3–9 lm (
x = 5.8 lm, n = 22) wide,
parenchymatous, consisting of 4–5 layers of pale brown,
thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores:
reduced to conidiogenous cells, straight, branched, 2–3cells high, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores: 10–19 9 1.9–
3.3 lm (
x = 15 9 2.6 lm, n = 20), septate, branched,
sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline,
smooth. Alpha conidiogenous cells: 13 9 1–2.5 lm (
x =
9.9 9 2 lm, n = 25), phialidic, ampulliform, slightly
tapering towards the apex with periclinal thickening, with a
flared collarette. Hamathecium aparaphysate. Alpha conidia 5.5–7.5 9 2–3 lm (
x = 6.5 9 2.5 lm, n = 30), L/W
ratio 2.6, enteroblstic, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ovate to
ellipsoidal, base subtruncate, often biguttulate. Beta conidiogenouc cells: 7.7–15 9 1.2–2.3 lm (
x = 12.5 9 1.9 lm,
n = 10), phialidic, ampulliform, slightly tapering towards
the apex with periclinal thickening, with a flared collarette.
Beta conidia: not often found, 12.5–18 9 1–2 lm (
x = 14.6
9 1.4 lm, n = 10), L/W ratio 10.4, fusiform to hooked,
aseptate, hyaline, smooth, base sub-truncate. Conidiomata:
black, multilocular, scattered or aggregated produced on
PDA after 6 weeks. Alpha conidia: not observed. Beta
conidia: 12.6–21.1 9 0.7–1.2 lm (
x = 17.5 9 1 lm, n =
123
186
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Diaporthe eres LCM11401a
Phomopsis cotoneastri CBS439 82
96 Diaporthe eres MFLU 17-0645
Diaporthe eres MFLU 17-0639
Diaporthe eres DLR12a
90
Diaporthe lonicerae MFLUCC 17 0963
88
Diaporthe rosicola MFLU 17-0646
100 Diaporthe longicicola CGMCC3 17089
Diaporthe longicicola CGMCC3 17090
100 Diaporthe ellipicola CGMCC3 17084
Diaporthe ellipicola CGMCC3 17085
Diaporthe phragmitis CBS138897
Diaporthe momicola MFLUCC 16 0113
99
Diaporthe biguttusis CGMCC3 17081
Diaporthe biguttusis CGMCC3 17082
73
95 Diaporthe celastrina CBS 139.27
Diaporthe bicincta CBS121004
100 Diaporthe vaccinii CBS122116
Diaporthe vaccinii CBS160.32
Diaporthe rudis AR3422
91
Diaporthe rudis DA244
60
67
Diaporthe rudis AR3654
100 Diaporthe rudis MFLUCC 14-1209
Diaporthe rudis STE U5683
100
Diaporthe rudis ICMP16419
93 Diaporthe australafricana CBS113487
Diaporthe australafricana CBS111886
100
Diaporthe asheicola CBS136967
Diaporthe asheicola CBS136968
97 Diaporthe miriciae BRIP 54736j
100 Diaporthe miriciae BRIP55662c
Diaporthe ueckerae FAU656
Diaporthe passifloricola CPC27480
83
Diaporthe ueckerae LGMF947
94
Diaporthe rosae MFLU 17-1550
Diaporthe thunbergiicola MFLUCC12 0033
68
76 Diaporthe unshiuensis ZJUD52
94 Diaporthe unshiuensis ZJUD50
100
100 Diaporthe longicolla FAU599
Diaporthe longicolla FAU644
Diaporthe tectoendophyta MFLUCC13 0471
73 Diaporthe rhusicola CBS136971
61
Diaporthe rhusicola CBS136972
98
Diaporthe rhusicola CPC18191
Diaporthe rhusicola MFLU 17-0647
Diaporthe foeniculina CBS117501
92 Diaporthe foeniculiana CBS111553
88
Diaporthe foeniculina AR5151
Diaporthe foeniculina FAU460
86 Diaporthe foeniculina CBS123208
Diaporthe foeniculina MFLUCC 15-0159
Diaporthe foeniculina ICMP12285
Diaporthe isoberliniae CPC 22549
Diaporthella corylina CBS121124
Diaporthella (Outgroup)
Diaporthella
98
86
0.08
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 122 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on ITS, TEF, CAL and BT sequenced data of given Diaporthe
species. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared
against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-four strains
are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1942
characters with gaps. Diaporthe corylina (CBS121124) is used as
the outgroup taxon. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final
likelihood value of - 10206.42735 is presented. The matrix had 908
distinct alignment patterns, with 25.59% of undetermined characters
or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.221173, C
= 0.306904, 0.239165, T = 0.232758; substitution rates AC =
1.427919, AG = 3.912096, AT = 1.517153, CG = 1.246088, CT =
5.696892, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.768424. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than
60% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in
blue
20), L/W ratio 17.8, fusiform to hooked, aseptate, hyaline,
smooth, base sub-truncate.
Culture characteristics: colonies on PDA, reaching
40–43 mm diam. after 2 weeks at 25 °C, fast growing,
entire, flat, circular, white with radially arranged minute
mycelium clots later becoming pale yellow, reverse:
whitish, azonate. Odour not pronounced.
Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province,
Chiang Rai 57100, dead pedicel of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 3
May 2017, Milan C. Samarakoon, SAMC001, (MFLU
17-1550), ex-type living cultures MFLUCC 17-2658.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828894, LSU: MG829093,
CaM: MG829273, BTUB: MG843878.
Notes: Combined multi-gene analysis shows that Diaporthe rosae clusters is basal to D. miriciae, D. passifloricola and D. ueckerae with 83% bootstrap in the ML
analyses. ITS of D. rosae is 98% similar to D. miriciae, D.
passifloricola and D. ueckerae and 95% similar to D.
thumbergiicola. Globular conidiomata on PDA, comparatively small conidiogenous cells, conidiophores and beta
conidia of Diaporthe rosae differ from D. miriciae and D.
passifloricola (Thompson et al. 2015). The phylogenetically closely related species are reported from the host
genera Camellia, Cucumis, Glycine, Helianthus, Passiflora
and Vigna (Udayanga et al. 2015; Gao et al. 2016). Diaporthe rudis is the only species reported from Rosa canina
(Rosaceae), which is phylogenetically and morphologically
distinct to Diaporthe rosae and described as a new species,
isolated from dead pedicel of potted Rosa sp.
Diaporthe rosicola Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554220; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04063; Fig. 125.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 17-0646.
187
Saprobic on Rosa sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined.
Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 100–
140 lm high 120–160 lm diam. (
x = 143.2 9 203.5 lm, n
= 5), pycnidial, solitary, gregarious or confluence, semiimmersed, unilocular, globose, dark brown, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate. Peridium 10–20 lm wide, composed of
thick-walled, brown, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses
lacking. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched,
cylindrical, straight to sinuous. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, slightly tapering towards the
apex. Alpha conidia 7–9.5 9 2.4–3 lm (
x = 8.9 9 2.7 lm,
n = 40) hyaline, biguttulate, fusiform or oval, both ends
obtuse. Beta conidia 12–22 9 1.2–1.6 lm (
x = 19.3 9
1.4 lm, n = 40), hyaline, aseptate, filiform, hamate,
tapering towards both ends.
Material examined: UK, Hampshire, Portsmouth, Burrfield, on spines of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016,
E.B.G. Jones GJ285C1 (MFLU 17-0646, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828895, TEF: MG829270:
CaM: MG829274, BTUB: MG843877.
Notes: Diaporthe rosicola share close phylogenetic
relationships to D. lonicerae in a monophyletic clade with
high bootstrap support (Fig. 122). This relationship morphologically fits as both species possess alpha and beta
conidia. Also, the papillate ostiole, hyaline, smooth,
unbranched, cylindrical, straight to sinuous conidiophores
and phialidic, cylindrical, terminal conidiogenous cells
support their close affinity. However, they differ in conidial
dimensions as Diaporthe lonicerae has significantly larger
alpha conidia (12.5–16 9 3.5–4) lm and beta conidia
(32–39 9 1–1.5 lm), while D. rosicola has comparatively
smaller alpha conidia (7–9.5 9 2.4–3 lm) and beta conidia
(12–22 9 1.2–1.6 lm). We did not obtain an isolate and
therefore we isolated DNA directly from the fruiting
bodies.
Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, (Fr.) Nitschke, Pyrenomyc.
Germ. 2: 282 (1870)
Facesoffungi number: FoF 02353; Fig. 126
Saprobic on dead branches of Rosa canina L. Sexual
morph Ascomata 200–300 lm high 230–320 lm diam. (
x
= 220 9 227 lm, n = 5, immersed in the ectostroma,
erumpent through the host epidermis, visible as raised, pale
yellow brown patches on the host surface, globose to flattened globose, solitary or occur in clusters, black brown,
with a neck. Neck 205 9 99 diam. Ostiole periphysate.
Peridium 25–40 lm wide, comprising 10–15 layers, outer
layers heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising dark
brown cells of textura globulosa to textura angularis, inner
layers composed of hyaline to brown thin-walled cells of
textura angularis. Paraphyses 6–9 lm (n = 10) 1–4-septate, wide at base, tapering towards the apex, thin-walled.
Asci 40–50 9 7–12 lm (
x = 47.8 9 9.1 lm, n = 20), 8-
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 123 Diaporthe rhusicola (MFLU 17-0647). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d Different stages of
conidiogenesis. e Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 50 lm, d, e = 5 lm
spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric clavate, straight
to slightly curved, sessile, with a J- apical ring. Ascospores
9–12 9 2.5–3.5 lm (
x = 11.3 9 3.2 lm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate to biseriate, 1-septate, often tetra-guttulate, with larger guttules at center and smaller ones at the
ends, ellipsoidal to clavate, straight to slightly curved,
123
hyaline, without appendages or a mucilaginous sheath.
Asexual morph See Udayanga et al. (2014) (Fig. 127).
Material examined: ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province,
near Corniolo, Santa Sofia, dead aerial branches of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 20 September 2014, Camporesi Erio,
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
IT 2111 (MFLU 15-3379, ex-type living cultures =
MFLUCC 14-1209).
GenBank numbers: TUB: KX856059, ITS: KX856060,
LSU: KX856061, SSU: KX856062, TEF: KX856063.
Notes: Our new isolate MFLUCC 14–1209 clustered
with ex-type strain of Diaporthe rudis (AR 3422), which
was originally described by Nitschke (1870) from Laburnum anagyroides (as Cytisus laburnum), but is also
recorded from Rosa in Australia (Udayanga et al. 2014).
However, it differs from the type strain of D. rudis
(Nitschke 1870; Udayanga et al. 2014) in having smaller
asci (44–53 9 7.2–11.2 lm versus 53.5–58.5 9
10.6–12 lm) and ascospores (9.4–12.3 9 2.7–3.5 lm
versus 12–14.2 9 3.5–3.7 lm). By considering the
molecular data and the host, we consider our collection as a
new record from Rosa canina L. in Italy.
Subclass Xylariomycetidae
Amphisphaeriales
Sporocadaceae Corda [as ‘Sporocadeae’], Icon. fung.
(Prague) 5: 34 (1842)
Following a study by Jaklitsch et al. (2016a) the families
Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and
Robillardaceae were synonymized under Sporocadaceae,
based on morphological characters and phylogeny.
Molecular clock evidence suggested that there is not much
divergence within this group (Hongsanan et al. 2017).
Bartalinia Tassi, Bollettino del Laboratorio de Orto
Botanico Reale Universita Siena 3: 4 (1900)
Notes: The genus Bartalinia was established by Tassi
(1900) characterized by three to four septate conidia, with
Bartalinia robillardoides as the type species. The lectotype
and epitype of the Bartalinia robillardoides have been
designated in recent studies (Crous et al. 2014a, b). The
genus has been recorded on a wide range of hosts causing
leaf spots on economically important crops around the
world (Farr and Rossman 2017; Wijayawardene et al.
2017). Currently there are 17 accepted species in the genus
and still there is lack of information on the asexual morph
of the genus (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016;
Wijayawardene et al. 2017).
Bartalinia rosicola Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554221; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04064; Fig. 128.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-3235.
189
Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina L. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 100–
150 lm high 120–180 lm diam. (
x = 122.9 9 133.2 lm, n
= 5), pycnidial to sporodochial, mostly solitary, immersed,
unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark
brown to black. Conidiomata wall 5–10 lm thick, not welldefined, composed of thin-walled, pale brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells which are darker around the ostiole
and the sides of the pycnidium, at the base fusing into the
host tissue. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells 6–9 9 2–3 lm (
x = 8.1 9 2.4 lm, n =
40), discrete, hyaline, cylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled,
with one or two percurrent proliferations. Conidia 18–22 9
4–6 lm (
x = 20.4 9 5.3 lm, n = 40), hyaline, cylindrical or
fusiform, smooth-walled, 4-septate, apical and basal cell
short, the former conical and the latter truncate, of the three
median cells that next to the basal cell is longest, median
cells thicker-walled than end cells. Apical appendage
8–16 lm long, hyaline, cylindrical, normally bi- or trifurcate near the apical cell, tapering towards apices. Basal
appendage lateral, hyaline, cylindrical, 2–4 lm long.
Known distribution: On Rosa. Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province,
Collina, Forli, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae), 11 November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2226
(MFLU 15-3235, holotype), living culture MFLUCC
17-0645.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828872, LSU: MG828988,
SSU: MG829100.
Notes: The phylogenetic analysis show that Bartalinia
rosicola is sister to the B. laurina clade with its type B.
robillardoides and species B. pondoensis. Bartalinia laurina bears typically 4-septate conidia, similar to B. rosicola. However, there is significant morphological variation
in the conidial measurement i.e. L/W ratio for B. laurina is
7.4 which is larger than B. rosicola (3.8) (Nag Raj 1993).
Bartalinia pondoensis, B. bischofiae, B. tamarinds,
B. bella, and B. bombacicola are significantly different in
conidial morphology with 3 septa (Marincowitz et al.
2010).
Broomella Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 2: 557 (1883)
Notes: Broomella was introduced by Saccardo (1883)
with the type species B. vitalbae and epitypified by Li et al.
(2015b). The genus is characterized by unitunicate, cylindrical-elongate asci, with a J-, discoid ring at the apex, and
ellipsoid-fusiform, straight or inequilaterally curved,
3-septate ascospores with two brown median cells, lighter
terminal cells, and single, centric appendages arising from
the ends (Shoemaker and Müller 1963). Senanayake et al.
(2015) described the coelomycetous asexual morph of the
B. vitalbae and placed in the family Bartaliniaceae with
phylogenetic support. Recently, Wijayawardene et al.
123
190
123
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b Fig. 124 Diaporthe rosae (MFLU 17-1550, holotype) a Conidiomata
on host material. b Vertical section of conidioma. c–f Conidiogenesis
cells. g Conidia (alpha and beta). (ex-type culture MFLUCC 17-2658)
h Culture on PDA from above after 30 days. i. Culture on PDA from
below after 30 days. j Conidiomata on PDA. k Vertical section of
conidioma on PDA. l Conidiogenesis cells. m Conidia (beta). Scale
bars: a, j = 500 lm, k = 100 lm, b = 50 lm, m = 20 lm, l = 10 lm,
c–g = 5 lm
(2017) estimated there are two species of Broomella in the
family Sporocadaceae.
191
Broomella rosae Wanas., Camporesi, & K.D. Hyde, sp.
nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554222; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04065; Fig. 129.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0244.
Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Ascomata 150–250 lm high 200–300 lm diam. (
x = 195.5
9 265.9 lm, n = 10), solitarily, often with a brown,
immersed or semi-immersed in the host tissues, black, with
smooth to somewhat rough surface, globose, with flattened
Fig. 125 Diaporthe rosicola (MFLU 17-0646, holotype). a, b Conidiomata on host material. c Vertical section of conidioma. d, e Different
stages of conidiogenesis (e alpha). f–j Conidia (i and j Beta). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–j = 5 lm
123
192
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 126 Diaporthe rudis (MFLU 15-3379) a, b Appearance of
ectostroma and ascomata on host substrate c Vertical section through
ectostroma with ascoma. d Section through ostiole. e Close up of
peridium. f Paraphyses. g–i Immature and mature asci. j Ascus in
Melzer’s reagent. k Germinating ascospore. l, m Ascospores. Scale
bars: b = 1 mm, c–j = 20 lm, k–m =5 lm
base. Ostiole central, papillate, with circular outline, ostiolar neck comprising brown setae, ostiolar cannel filled
with hyaline periphyses. Peridium 5–10 lm thick at the
base, 20–30 lm near the ostiole, outer layers thin-walled,
comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis to textura
intricata, inner layers composed of hyaline to brown, thinwalled, flat cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3.5 lm (n = 20) wide, filamentous,
septate, paraphyses. Asci 70–80 9 7–9 lm (
x = 75.6 9
8.1 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to
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cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous,
J?. Ascospores 12–15 9 6–8 lm (
x = 13.6 9 6.9 lm, n =
40), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, mostly symmetrical,
sometimes one side flattened, 1-septate, not constricted at
the septum, initially hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to
brown at maturity, with conically rounded ends. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena [FC] province, Tessello, Cesena, on dead aerial spines of Rosa
canina L. (Rosaceae), 5 March 2015 Erio Camporesi IT
2401 (MFLU 16-0244, holotype).
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828874, LSU: MG828990.
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Italy, an isolate (MFLU 16-0244) was recovered
from Rosa spines in Forli-Cesena Province. This new isolate shares a close phylogenetic affinity to Broomella
vitalbae, Hyalotiella spartii and Truncatella angustata.
Based on priority, the generic name Broomella applied
herein for the new isolate. However, morphologically it
differs from the genera Broomella, Hyalotiella and Truncatella, with 1-septate ellipsoidal ascospores, lack of
appendages and asci with a J?, apical ring. We did not
obtain an isolate and therefore we isolated DNA directly
from the fruiting bodies.
Seimatosporium Corda, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt.
(Pilze Deutschl.) 3(13): 79 (1833)
Notes: The genus Seimatosporium is an asexual morph
genus introduced by Corda (1833) with S. rosae as the
type. Species of Seimatosporium have been linked to Discostroma sexual morphs through molecular data (Tanaka
et al. 2011). However, the lack of sequence data for the
type of Discostroma has not enabled this connection to be
2015).
confirmed
(Maharachchikumbura
et
al.
Seimatosporium species previously described or reported
on Rosa spp. include Seimatosporium caudatum, S. discosioides, S. lichenicola., S. rosae Corda, S. rosarum (Henn.)
B. Sutton and S. salicinum (Fig. 130)
Seimatosporium rosigenum Goonas., Camporesi, & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554223; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04066; Fig. 131.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 15-0782.
Saprobic on spines of Rosa canina. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial,
solitary to gregarious, immersed to semi-immersed,
unilocular, subglobose, up to 390–420 lm diam, 120–
130 lm high, brown to black. Conidiomata wall composed
of thin-walled, outer, brown cells of textura prismatica and
193
inner, pale brown cells of textura angularis, up to 10 lm
thick. Conidiophores arising from the inner cells of the
basal cell layers, hyaline, unbranched, smooth, up to 10 lm
long. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, cylindrical to doliiform, discrete, hyaline, smooth. Conidia (8.5–
)10–14 9 3.5–5.5 lm (
x = 11.7 9 4.7 lm, n = 30), brown
to olivaceous, fusiform, straight, 3-septate, septa darker
than the rest, basal cell conic with obtuse base, pale brown
to brown, 2.2–3 lm long (
x = 2.6 lm), two median cells
doliiform, with thick verruculose walls, occasionally constricted at the septa, concolourous, together 4.5–8 lm long
(
x = 6.2 lm), second cell from base 2.5–4 lm (
x = 3 lm);
third cell 2–4 lm (
x = 3 lm); apical cell hyaline, conical,
1.2–3.2 lm long (
x = 2.4 lm), with 1 tubular apical
appendage, unbranched, arising not centrally but near the
apex of the apical cell, 16–25 lm long (
x = 16.2 lm); basal
appendage mostly absent.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching
2 cm diam. after 7 days at 16–18 °C, circular, umbonate,
fluffy, with undulate margins, colony from above grey, pale
yellow at the center; reverse grey.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Pesaro-Urbino
[PU], Monte Nerone, on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina
L. (Rosaceae), 11 June 2012, Erio Camporesi IT 430
(MFLU 15-0782, holotype), ibid. (MFLU 15-0783, MFLU
15-0784, MFLU 15-0785, paratypes), living culture,
MFLUCC 15-0563 = KUMCC 16-0112.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828960, LSU: MG829071.
Notes: Seimatosporium rosigenum shares certain morphological similarities with S. lichenicola, S. rosae,
S. rosarum and S. salicinum, which have also been reported
on Rosa spp. (Nag Raj 1993; Farr and Rossman 2017).
However, they can be distinguished from our new species
based on the number of septa and presence or absence of
appendages. While S. rosigenum has 3-septate conidia with
mostly apical appendages, S. salicinum has 2–3 septate
conidia with both apical and basal appendages. The conidia
of S. rosae and S. rosarum have either 2–3 septa with only
basal appendages (Nag Raj 1993). In our molecular phylogeny our new species groups with S. lichenicola, but can
be differentiated in having comparatively wider (13–15 9
5.5–6.5 lm vs. 10–14 9 3.5–5.5 lm of S. rosigenum)
conidia lacking appendages (Sutton 1980).
Seimatosporium rosicola Wanas., Goonas., Camporesi, &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554224; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04067; Figs. 132 and 133.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0239.
Saprobic on spines of Rosa spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata 120–160 lm high 220–280 lm diam. (
x = 140.2 9
123
194
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Seiridium cardinale CBS 172.56
Lepteutypa cupressi IMI 052255
72 Seiridium phylicae CPC19965
Seiridium cupressi ATCC 48158
Ciliochorella castaneae HHUF 28799
Clade A
Seiridium rosarum MFLUCC 17-0654
66 Seiridium marginatum SEI
94
Seiridium marginatum CBS 140403
58
Seiridium marginatum CBS 140404
Seiridium papillatum CBS 340.97
100
Neopestalotiopsis protearum CBS 114178
100
Neopestalotiopsis rosae CBS 101057
94 Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos CBS 272.29
99
Pseudopestalotiopsis theae MFLUCC 12-0055
67
100
Pestalotiopsis malayana CBS 102220
Pestalotiopsis knightiae CBS 114138
Monochaetia monochaeta CBS 191.82
Monochaetia kansensis PSHI2004Endo1030
100 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLUCC 15-0564
55
Seimatosporium rosicola MFLU 16-0239
67
Seimatosporium rosae MFLUCC 14-0621
70
Discostroma tostum NBRC 32626
Clade B
Discostroma sp. IT1772
95
Seimatosporium hypericinum NBRC 32647
Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 156
55
76 Strickeria kochii C149
56 Strickeria kochii C146
100
Strickeria kochii CBS 140411
Strickeria kochii C138
Bartalinia rosicola MFLUCC 17-0645
50 Bartalinia laurina HKUCC 6537
96
Clade C
Bartalinia pondoensis CMW 31067
Bartalinia robillardoides CBS 122705
99
Zetiasplozna acaciae CBS 137994
Morinia pestalozzioides F-090354
Dyrithiopsis lakefuianensis HKUCC 7303
Hymenopleella hippophaeicola CBS 140410
Broomella vitalbae CBS 140412
Hyalotiella spartii MFLUCC 15-0024
86
66
100
Broomella rosae MFLU 16-0244
Clade D
Truncatella angustata ICMP 7062
97
Truncatella restionacearum CMW 18755
Truncatella hartigii CBS 118148
Robillarda africana CBS 122.75
91
Ellurema indica IMI 136542
Robillarda sessilis CBS 114312
93 Adisciso yakushimense HHUF 29671
97
Adisciso tricellulare NBRC 32705
100 Discosia artocreas NBRC 8975
Discosia pini MAFF 410149
Immersidiscosia eucalypti MAFF 242781
Phlogicylindrium uniforme CBS 131312
Phlogicylindriaceae (Outgroup)
Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum CBS 111689
Sporocadaceae
75
100
100
0.02
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 127 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on ITS and LSU sequenced data of given Sporocadaceae
species. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were compared
against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST program.
Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-three strains
are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1650
characters with gaps. Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum (CBS 111689)
and Phlogicylindrium uniforme (CBS 131312) are used as outgroup
taxa. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of
- 7444.741578 is presented. The matrix had 552 distinct alignment
patterns, with 19.58% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated
base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.260167, C = 0.210784, G =
0.261794, T = 0.267254; substitution rates AC = 0.825375, AG =
2.791123, AT = 1.369607, CG = 0.958827, CT = 4.869219, GT =
1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.55079. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 50% are given
above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in blue
248.7 lm, n = 10), solitarily, immersed or semi-immersed,
black, globose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate, with
circular outline, filled with pale-brown to brown cells.
Peridium 5–10 lm thick at the base, 15–25 lm near the
ostiole, outer layers heavily pigmented, fusing outwardly
with the host cells, thin-walled, comprising dark brown
cells of textura angularis to textura intricata, inner layers
composed of hyaline to brown, thin-walled, flat cells of
textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous,
3.5–4 lm (n = 20) wide, filamentous, septate, paraphyses.
Asci 50–70 9 8–12 lm (
x = 62.6 9 10.2 lm, n = 30), 8spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, pedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J?. Ascospores 11–13 9
5–7 lm (
x = 12.1 9 6.5 lm, n = 40), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical, muriform,
3-transversely septate, with 1-vertical septum, not constricted at the septa, initially hyaline, becoming yellowishbrown to brown at maturity, with rounded ends. Asexual
morph: Conidiomata 200–350 lm diam., 80–120 lm
high, pycnidial, solitary, semi-immersed to superficial,
unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark
brown to black. Conidiomata wall (4.5–8 lm) not well
defined, comprising brown, thin-walled cells of textura
angularis, with lighter cells at the base fusing into the host
tissue. Conidiophores arising from the cells at the base,
cylindrical, unbranched, hyaline, smooth, up to 30 lm
long, surrounded by many filiform, hyaline filaments.
Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, integrated,
hyaline, determinate, smooth, formed from the inner most
layer of the conidiomata wall. Conidia (15.5–)12–14 9 5–
7.5(–9) lm (
x = 13 9 6.5 lm, n = 35), variable, mostly
obovoid or broad fusiform, straight, initially hyaline, pale
to moderate brown at maturity, with 3 transverse, thick,
darker septa, occasionally constricted at the septa, often
obtuse at both ends, or well rounded, smooth-walled, basal
cell conical with a truncate base, pale brown or hyaline,
195
1.2–2.6 lm long (
x = 2 lm), with two median cells doliiform, pale brown to brown, together 5.6–7.7 lm long (
x=
6.5 lm), second cell from the base 1.2–3 lm long (
x =
2.5 lm), third cell from the base 1.5–3.5 lm long (
x =
2.6 lm), apical cell conical with obtuse or rounded apex,
pale brown to brown, 1.7–3.8 lm long (
x = 2.8 lm).
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching
1.5–2 cm diam. after 7 days at 16–18 °C, filamentous,
circular, flat with entire margin, from above white, pale
yellow at the center; reverse white.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Province of Forli-Cesena
[FC], near Corverselle, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole,
on dead aerial spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 30
November 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2263 (MFLU 16-0239,
holotype), ITALY, Forlı̀-Cesena Province, near San Benedetto in Alpe, on spines of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 21
October 2014, Erio Camporesi IT 2187 (MFLU 15-0806),
ibid. (MFLU 15-0807–12), living culture MFLUCC
15-0564 = KUMCC 17-0020.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828958, MG828959, LSU:
MG829069, MG829070.
Notes: In the phylogenetic analysis Seimatosporium
rosicola groups with Discostroma fuscellum and S. glandigenum. Discostroma fuscellum (also reported on Rosa sp.)
is morphologically similar to the sexual morph of S. rosicola, but is different in having comparatively smaller
ascomata (150–250 9 300–500 lm), longer asci (115–132
9 7–12 lm) and larger ascospores (15–21 9 5–9.5 lm)
(Huhndorf 1992a). The asexual morph of S. rosicola shares
similar conidiomata and conidial characteristics with
S. glandigenum. However, their conidial dimensions differ
(15–18 9 5–6.5 vs. 12–14 9 5–7.5 lm), and the apical
cells of the conidia of S. rosicola can be pale brown to
brown compared to the hyaline ones found in S. glandigenum. Several other Discostroma species have been
recorded on Rosa spp. viz. D. caninum, D. polymorphum
(from Rosa pendulina) and D. rosae (from Rosa pendulina)
(Brockmann 1976; Perera et al. 2016). D. caninum and
D. polymorphum have longer asci with 1 or 1–3-septate
ascospores (Brockmann 1976).
Seiridium Nees, System der Pilze und Schwämme: 22
(1817)
Notes: Nees (1816) established this genus based on
Seiridium marginatum. The taxa in Seiridium are mainly
plant pathogenic fungi (Tsopelas et al. 2007) which are
characterised by 6-celled conidia (Jeewon et al. 2003;
Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Blogiascospora and
Lepteutypa have been identified as the sexual morph of
Seiridium (Senanayake et al. 2015). In a recent study,
Jaklitsch et al. (2016a) epitypified Seiridium marginatum
and confirmed its sexual morphs as Blogiascospora
123
196
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 128 Bartalinia rosicola (MFLU 15-3235, holotype). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Section of conidioma. d–f
Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. g–j Conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–j = 10 lm
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 129 Broomella rosae (MFLU 16-0239, holotype). a Ascomata
on host substrate. b Vertical section through ascoma. c, d Vertical
sections of peridium. e Paraphyses. f–k Asci (note the amyloid ascus
197
rings in i, j and k). l–q Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c, d, f–h =
20 lm, i, j, l–q = 10 lm
123
198
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
78 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLU 16-0239
71 Seimatosporium rosicola MFLUCC 15-0564
66 Discostroma sp. E-000535728
Discostroma sp. E-000535670
glandigenum NBRC 32677
Discostroma fuscellum MFLUCC 14-0052
Discostroma fuscellum NBRC 32625
52
Seimatosporium rosigenum MFLUCC 15-0563
Seimatosporium lichenicola MFLUCC 14-0623
Discostroma fuscellum NBRC 32680
70 Seimatosporium vaccinii ICMP 7003
77
Seimatosporium sorbi MFLUCC 14-0469
Seimatosporium italicum MFULCC 14-1196
96 Seimatosporium cornii MFLUCC 14-0467
Seimatosporium cornii MFLUCC 14 0467
83 Seimatosporium parasiticum NBRC 32682
Seimatosporium physocarpi MFLUCC 14-0625
Discostroma tostum NBRC 32626
Discostroma sp. E-000535704
95 Discostroma sp. E-000535628
Seimatosporium vitis MFLUCC 14-0051
67
66 Seimatosporium botan H 4619
82
Discostroma botan HHUF 4642
81
Seimatosporium botan HMUC 316PD
Seimatosporium discosioides H 4621
99 Seimatosporium rosae MFLUCC 14-0621
Seimatosporium pistaciae CBS 138865
Seimatosporium hypericinum NBRC 32647
Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 157
91
Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 159
85
Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 156
Seimatosporium eucalypti CPC 158
70
100 Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 13580
95
72
Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 13578
Seimatosporium falcatum CPC 12992
Seimatosporium obtusum CPC 12935
86 Seimatosporium kriegerianum NBRC 32679
70
Discostroma stoneae NBRC 32690
Seimatosporium elegans NBRC 32674
55 Sarcostroma bisetulatum CBS 122695
Seimatosporium hakeae NBRC 32678
88
Sarcostroma restionis CBS 118154
72
Sarcostroma restionis CBS 118153
69
79
Seimatosporium leptospermi ICMP 11845
Seimatosporium grevilleae ICMP 10981
55
Seimatosporium quercina MFLUCC 14-1198
78
Seimatosporium mariae NBRC 32681
Seimatosporium biseptatum CPC 13584
Seimatosporium walkeri CPC 17644
99
Discostroma sp. E-000535673
98
Sarcostroma lomatiae CBS 118144
52
Seimatosporium rhombusii MFLUCC 15-0543
Strickeria kochii C146
99
Seimatosporium ficeae MFLUCC 15-0519
Seimatosporium foliicola NBRC 32676
100 Adisciso tricellulare NBRC 32705
71
Seimatosporium azalea MAFF 237478
88 Adisciso yakushimense MAFF 242774
97 Discosia aff. pleurochaeta MAFF 242779
Discosia aff. pleurochaeta MAFF 242778
86
Discosia pini MAFF 410149
100
Discosia artocreas MAFF 237018
72
Discosia artocreas NBRC 8975
Discosia pseudoartocreas CPC 21117
Immersidiscosia eucalypti NBRC 104196
62
Immersidiscosia eucalypti MAFF 242781
100
Immersidiscosia eucalypti NBRC 104195
Immersidiscosia eucalypti MFLU 16-1372
Pseudopestalotiopsis theae MFLUCC 12-0055
Pseudopestalotiopsis (Outgroup)
0.02
Seimatosporium
88 Seimatosporium
95
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 130 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on combined LSU and ITS partial sequence data. Related
sequences were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/) and Norphanphoun et al. (2017). Sixty-nine strains are included
in the combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF sequence analyses, which
comprise 1,373 characters with gaps (812 for LSU and 561 for ITS).
Single gene analyses were also performed and topology and clade
stability compared from combinbed gene analyses. Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (MFLUCC 12-0055) is used as the outgroup taxon. Tree
topology of the maximum-likelihood analysis was similar to the
Bayesian analysis. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 5357.378316 is presented. The matrix had 315 distinct alignment patterns, with 14.44% of undetermined characters or
gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.254028, C =
0.214897, G= 0.256427, T = 0.274649; substitution rates AC =
1.669093, AG = 4.094948, AT = 2.100113, CG = 1.335509, CT =
6.709933, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.740345. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML)
equal to or greater than 50% are given above or below the nodes.
Newly generated sequences are in blue
marginata using ribosomal-DNA based sequence data. In
this study we introduce another species, Seiridium rosarum
to this genus from Italy.
Seiridium rosarum Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554225; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04068; Fig. 134.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: MFLU 16-0247.
Saprobic on spines and branches of Rosa canina. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 80–
110 lm high 250–300 lm diam. (
x = 94.9 9 275.1 lm, n =
5), pycnidial to sporodochial, mostly solitary, immersed,
unilocular, conic or subglobose with flattened base, dark
brown to black. Conidiomata wall 5–10 lm thick at sides,
not well defined, comprising brown, thin-walled cells of
textura angularis, with lighter cells at the base fusing into
the host tissue. Conidiophores 20–50 9 1.5–2.5 lm (
x =
42.3 9 2.1 lm, n = 40), septate, cylindrical, relatively long
and irregularly branched, hyaline or pale brown, thinwalled. Conidiogenous cells 5–20 9 1.5–3 lm (
x = 15.7 9
2.2 lm, n = 40), discrete, hyaline, cylindrical, smooth- and
thin-walled, proliferating percurrently, with visible collarettes and minute periclinal thickenings. Conidia 22–28
9 7–9 lm (
x = 25.9 9 7.8 lm, n = 40), lunate to falcate,
curved, 5-septate, rarely 4- or 6-septate, not striate, bearing
one appendage, euseptate with no visible pores, basal cell
obconic with a truncate base, hyaline, walls smooth,
3.5–4 lm; four median cells, smooth, cylindrical to doliiform, brown to dark brown, and septa darker than the rest
of the cells, second cell from base 5–6 lm long, third cell
5–6 lm long, fourth cell 5–6 lm long, fifth cell
199
4.5–5.5 lm long, apical cell conical, hyaline, smooth,
3.5–4 lm long, apical appendage single, mostly centric, up
to 12 lm long.
Known distribution: On Rosa, Italy.
Material examined: ITALY, Forli-Cesena Province,
near Pietrapazza, Bagno di Romagna, on dead aerial spines
and branches of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), 13 March
2015, Erio Camporesi IT 2412 (MFLU 16-0247, holotype),
living culture MFLUCC 17-0654.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828961, LSU: MG829072.
Notes: Seiridium rosarum is morphologically similar to
S. eucalypti and S. unicorne in having conidia with similar
conidial dimensions (length/width ratio), smooth-walled
median cells and unbranched appendages and lacking
spathulate ends. The conidiomata of S. unicorne are
occasionally plurilocular or have irregularly convoluted
locules and their spores bear one apical and basal appendage (Nag Raj 1993), while the conidiomata of S. rosarum
are unilocular producing conidia with one apical appendage. Seiridium eucalypti is foliicolous, having stromatic
conidiomata.
Xylariales Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 8 (2): 66 (1932)
Notes: Xylariales was introduced by Nannfeldt (1932)
and still with the contradiction of the demarcation of the
order boundaries. Senanayake et al. (2015) treated Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales to accommodate species in
Xylariomycetidae and it was supported by molecular clock
evidence (Hongsanan et al. 2017). However, Jaklitsch et al.
(2016a), Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) and Wendt
et al. (2017) treated it as a single order, the Xylariales
represent the subclass Xylariomycetidae. Currently, there
are 26 accepted families in the order (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016, Daranagama et al. 2018; Voglmayr et al.
2017; Wendt et al. 2017).
Coniocessiaceae Asgari & Zare, Mycological Progress 10
(2): 195 (2011)
Notes: The family Coniocessiaceae was introduced to
accommodate the single genus Coniocessia by Asgari and
Zare (2011) which was distinguished from other families in
having a hyaline asexual morph with polyblastic conidiogenesis (nodulisporium-like), in contrast to the generally
pigmented nodulisporium-like asexual morphs in Xylariales (Asgari and Zare 2011). Currently, the family consists
of five accepted Coniocessia species (Index Fungorum
2017). Based on molecular clock analyses, the family has
not been referred to any appropriate orders given the different placement recovered from other analyses and hence
it has been referred to Xylariomycetidae families incertae
sedis (Hongsanan et al. 2017).
123
200
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 131 Seimatosporium rosigenum (MFLU 15-0782, holotype) a,
b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Cross section of
conidioma. d–f Conidia arising from conidiogenous cells.
g Germinating spore. h–m Conidia. Scale bars: b = 500 lm, c =
100 lm, d–h = 10 lm, i–m = 20 lm
Paraxylaria Wanas., E.B.G. Jones, Gafforov & K.D. Hyde,
gen. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554226; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04069.
Etymology: After its morphological similarities to
Xylaria.
Saprobic on Rosaceae spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata
immersed, with the ostiolum, often including an upper part
of the ascoma, erumpent above the host surface, solitary or
aggregated in small numbers, conical with rounded base or
Fig. 132 Seimatosporium rosicola sexual morph (MFLU 16-0239, c
holotype). a, b Ascomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through
ascoma. d, e Vertical sections of peridium. f Paraphyses. g–j Asci
(note the amyloid ascus rings in i and j). k–o Ascospores. Scale bars:
a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d–f, i–o = 10 lm, g, h = 20 lm
123
more or less globose with a prominent, conical, more or
less acute, shiny black, papilla, circular in transverse section, black; often surrounded by white amorphous tissue
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
201
123
202
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 133 Seimatosporium rosicola asexual morph. a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Section of conidioma. d,
e Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. f–l Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 100 lm, d, e = 10 lm, f–l = 20 lm
turning black by ejected ascospores. Peridium thickened
and hard in apical regions, blackish brown, consisting of
small pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci
8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, containing a
flat, V-shaped to sinuous, J? apical ring. Ascospores
uniseriate, ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical,
aseptate, initially hyaline to yellowish- brown, becoming
blackish-brown at maturity, with rounded ends, guttulate.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type: Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov,
E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Paraxylaria is morphologically more similar to
Xylaria in its asci and ascospores. But these two genera are
phylogenetically apart in multi-gene phylogenetic analyses
(data not shown). The phylogenetic analyses reveal a close
phylogenetic affinity of Paraxylaria to other members of
123
the Coniocessiaceae with reliable support and hence we
refer it to Coniocessiaceae.
Paraxylaria rosacearum Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones
& K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554227; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04070; Fig. 136.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6132.
Saprobic on Rosaceae spp. Sexual morph: Ascomata
380–450 lm high 400–500 lm diam (
x = 412.4 9
458.2 lm, n = 5), immersed, with the ostiolum often
including an upper part of the ascoma, erumpent above the
host surface, solitary or aggregated in small numbers,
conical with rounded base or more or less globose with a
prominent, conical, more or less acute, shiny black, papilla,
circular in transverse section, black; often surrounded by
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
203
Fig. 134 Seiridium rosarum (MFLU 16-0247, holotype). a Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. b Section of conidioma. c–g
Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. h, i Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 lm, c–f = 20 lm, g–i = 10 lm
123
204
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Microdochium seminicola KAS3569
Microdochium albescens CBS 290.79
Microdochium sorghi CBS 691.96
83 Microdochium trichocladiopsis CBS 623.77
Microdochium tainanense CBS 269.76
53
100 Microdochium neoqueenslandicum CBS 108926
Microdochiaceae
Microdochium neoqueenslandicum CBS 445.95
Microdochium colombiense CBS 624.94
100
Microdochium nivale CBS 116205
99 Microdochium phragmitis CBS 423.78
100
Microdochium phragmitis CBS 285.71
100
Microdochium lycopodinum CBS 146.68
Microdochium fisheri CBS 242.91
100 Gyrothrix ramosa MUCL 54061
96
Gyrothrix inops BE108
85
Idriella lunata MUCL 7551
95
Circinotrichum cycadis CPC 17285
Circinotrichum papakurae CBS 101373
99 Coniocessia cruciformis Co116
Coniocessia cruciformis Co115
Coniocessia maxima Co117
79
Coniocessia nodulisporioides Co107
Coniocessia nodulisporioides Co126
100
99 Coniocessia minima Co111
Coniocessia minima IRAN 1470C
Coniocessiaceae
56
Coniocessia anandra Co108
Circinotrichum maculiforme CPC 24566
55
100
Circinotrichum maculiforme CBS 122758
94
Lopadostoma polynesium LAG
60
Idriella sp. MUCL 54045
100
92
Gyrothrix verticillata MUCL 54054
Paraxylaria
Paraxylaria rosacearum TASM 6132
Diatrype whitmanensis
70
Eutypa lata AFTOL-ID 929
62
Diatrype
palmicola MFLUCC 11-0018
57 100
Diatrypaceae
Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 11-0020
90
Anthostoma decipiens CD
97
Cryptovalsa rabenhorstii CreI
Diatrype disciformis It 1516
85 Lopadostoma dryophilum LG21
79
Lopadostoma meridionale LG
Lopadostoma americanum LG8
72
83 Lopadostoma insulare LQM
Lopadostoma quercicola LG27
69
Lopadostoma fagi LF1
Lopadostomataceae
Lopadostoma turgidum LT2
66
Lopadostoma linospermum LPL
100
Lopadostoma
gastrinum LG4
53
Lopadostoma lechatii LG22
Creosphaeria sassafras CrS
100
Creosphaeria sassafras CBS 119001
Hyponectria buxi UME 31430
100
79
Hyponectriaceae (Outgroup)
0.04
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 135 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on ITS and LSU sequenced data of selected families in
Amphisphaeriales. The newly generated nucleotide sequences were
compared against the GenBank database using the Mega BLAST
program. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank. Fifty-two
strains are included in the sequence analyses, which comprise 1593
characters with gaps. Hyponectria buxi (UME 31430) is used as the
outgroup taxon. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood
value of - 11745.427587 is presented. The matrix had 720 distinct
alignment patterns, with 17.36% of undetermined characters or gaps.
Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.257238, C =
0.220265, G = 0.27005, T = 0.252447; substitution rates AC =
1.264343, AG = 2.58622, AT = 1.863123, CG = 0.997928, CT =
5.095811, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.559668. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than
50% are given above the nodes. Newly generated sequences are in
blue
white amorphous tissue turning black by ejected ascospores. Peridium 10–20 lm wide at the base, thickened to
70 lm and hard in upper regions, blackish brown, consisting of small pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 20) wide,
filamentous, septate, paraphyses. Asci 150–170 9 11–
14 lm (
x = 157.6 9 12.5 lm, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, long-pedicellate up to 40 lm, containing
a flat, V-shaped to sinuous, J? apical ring. Ascospores 16–
20 9 9–11 lm (
x = 18.5 9 10.1 lm, n = 40), uniseriate,
ellipsoid, pale brown, mostly symmetrical, aseptate, initially hyaline to yellowish- brown, becoming blackishbrown at maturity, with rounded ends, guttulate. Asexual
morph: Undetermined (Figs. 137, 138).
Known distribution: On Rose bush, Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Tashkent Province,
Bostanliq district, Beldorsoy, Katta Chimyon, Chatkal
Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains, on trunk and
branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016, Yusufjon
Gafforov YG-B19-2 (TASM 6132, holotype). MFLU
17-0180, isotype.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828941, LSU: MG829050,
SSU: MG829155.
Notes: The ascospores of this fungus failed to germinate
and grow in culture. Therefore, we have extracted DNA
directly from fruiting bodies. Apart from their gross morphological resemblance to Xylaria species, Paraxylaria
rosacearum is also morphologically similar to Coniocessia
in having dark pigmented, ellipsoidal ascospores. But the
latter differs in having non-amyloid asci with a distinct
germ-slit extending over the whole length of the spores,
whereas Paraxylaria rosacearum has a J?, ascal apical
ring and lack of germ-slit in the ascospores. Our phylogeny
supports a close affinity to Coniocessia and related genera,
but is distinct enough to establish a new genus (Fig. 135).
205
Castanediellaceae Hern.-Restr., Guarro & Crous,
Studies in Mycology 86: 93 (2017)
Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU sequence data
support this new family within Xylariales and it is distinct
from Beltraniaceae. There is only one genus, Castanediella in Castanediellaceae.
Castanediella Hern.-Restr., Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 34: 187 (2015)
The genus Castanediella was proposed by Hern.-Restr.,
Crous & M.J. Wingf. (2015) with Castanediella acaciae.
To date, nine species are listed in the Index Fungorum
(2017). Species of this genus are characterized by branched
conidiophores and straight to slightly curved, 0–1-septate
conidia. They are commonly isolated from leaf litter and
wood (Crous et al. 2016a, b; Hernández-Restrepo et al.
2016). Currently, Castanediella forms a monophyletic
group, and represents a distinct taxonomic group at the
family level closely related to the Beltraniaceae in
Xylariales.
While evaluating the diversity of fungi of the order
Xylariales isolated from Camellia japonica leaf sample
from Geumgol Mountain, Jin Island (Jindo), Korea, a new
species was isolated and it is described based on morphological characteristics and its phylogeny is inferred based
on LSU/ITS sequence data.
Castanediella camelliae Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen,
sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB822566; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04075; Fig. 139
Etymology Referring to genus of the host plant Camellia
japonica.
Holotype: CNUFC-DLHBS5-1
Colonies grow slowly on MEA, reaching 63–65 mm
diam. at 25 °C in seven days, initially white then becoming
grey to isabelline. Mycelium hyaline, septate, 2–4.5 lm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cell. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, ampulliform, globose
to subglobose, or irregularly-shaped, 5.5–20.5 9 2–4.5 lm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, straight to slightly curved, septum indistinct, guttulate, sometimes swollen in the middle
part, 18.5–51.5 9 1.6–2.5 lm.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Geumgol
Mountain (34°320 N 126°170 E), from a leaf lesions of
Camellia japonica L., 19th April 2017 (CNUFCDLHBS5-1, preserved as glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the
Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype
in Culture Collection of National Institute of Biological
Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture (ex-type)
deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product
Xylariales incertae sedis
123
206
Fig. 136 Paraxylaria rosacearum (TASM 6132, holotype). a–c Ascomata on host substrate. d Vertical section through ascoma.
e Vertical section of peridium. f Paraphyses. g–j Asci (note the
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
arrowed ascus ring in j). k–p Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b =
500 lm, c = 200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, f, k–p = 10 lm, g–j = 20 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
207
Castanediella cagnizarii MUCL 41095
Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 101043
97
Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 542.96
Castanediella hyalopenicillata CPC 25873
100
Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-1
Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-2
Castanediella
malysiana CPC 24918
65
Castanediella ramosa MUCL 39857
89
Castanediella couratarii CBS 579.71
Castanediella eucalypti CPC 24746
Castanediella acaciae CPC 24869
Hemibeltrania cinnamomi NFCCI 3695
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae CPC 26219
Diatrype disciformis AFTOL-ID 927
86
84
81
72
0.02
Fig. 137 Phylogenetic tree of Castanediella camelliae CNUFCDLHBS5-1 and CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 and related species based on
maximum likelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data. Sequences
of Diatrype disciformis was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes
Castanediellaceae
Beltraniaceae
Diatrypaceae (Outgroup)
indicate bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar
indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
Castanediella malysiana CPC 24918
Castanediella ramosa MUCL 39857
Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-1
100
Castanediella camelliae CNUFC-DLHBS5-2
Castanediella eucalypti CPC 24746
78
Castanediella eucalypticola CPC 25639
Castanediellaceae
Castanediella couratarii CBS 579.71
Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 542.96
88 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 101043
Castanediella cagnizarii MUCL 41095
Castanediella hyalopenicillata CPC 25873
Castanediella acaciae CPC 24869
Pseudomassaria carolinensis 9502
Hemibeltrania cinnamomi NFCCI 3695
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae CPC 26219
Beltraniaceae
99
Beltrania
rhombica CPC 27482
64
Beltrania rhombica 10353
Beltraniopsis neolitseae CBS 137974
Diatrype disciformis AFTOL-ID 927
Diatrypaceae (Outgroup)
0.01
85
86
Fig. 138 Phylogenetic tree of Castanediella camelliae CNUFCDLHBS5-1 and CNUFC-DLHBS5-2 and related species based on
maximum likelihood analysis of 28S rDNA sequence data. Sequences
of Diatrype disciformis was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The
bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany)
(JMRC:SF:013658).
Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide
range of temperatures with varying growth rates on OA
(oat meal agar), PDA (potato dextrose agar), and MEA
(malt extract agar). The average growth rates of CNUFCDLHBS5-1on OA, PDA, and MEA were 6, 8, and 5.5 mm
per 24 h, respectively at 25 °C. Optimal growth was
observed around 25 °C, slow growth was observed at
10 °C, and no growth at 35 °C.
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 139 Castanediella camelliae (CNUFC-DLHBS5-1, holotype).
a–c Disease symptoms on Camellia japonica leaves. d Colony in
potato dextrose agar. e, f Conidiogenous cells producing conidia (red
arrows). g–j Slender and swollen conidia in the middle part of the
conidia (yellow arrow). Scale bars: e, g = 20 lm, f, h–j = 10 lm
GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926620, MF926621, LSU:
MF926614, MF926615.
Notes: Castanediella camelliae is distinct from
C. malaysiana, C. hyalopenicillata, and C. eucalypti with
respect to conidial morphology. Conidia of Castanediella
camelliae are narrower and longer than those of
C. malaysiana, C. hyalopenicillata, and C. eucalypti.
Furthermore, conidiogenous cells of Castanediella camelliae are diverse in shape.
In our phylogenetic tree, the strains constitute a separate
branch from other species and is considered as a new
specie.
123
Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) listed four orders in
Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis i.e. Amplistromatales,
Coniochaetales,
Cordanales
and
Spathulosporales.
Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. Fernández,
Mycologia 96 (2): 378 (2004)
Notes: Huhndorf et al. (2004) introduced Coniochaetales to accommodate Coniochaetaceae with Barrina, Coniochaeta, Coniochaetidium and Poroconiochaeta.
This order is characterized by superficial or immersed,
subglobose, globose or obpyriform ascomata, septate, filiform paraphyses, subglobose, clavate or cylindrical asci,
ellipsoid, ellipsoid-fusoid or discoid, aseptate, hyaline or
pigmented, smooth or finely pitted ascospores with distinct
elongate germ slits. Conidiogenesis phialidic and conidia
produced on discrete phialides or from phialidic intercalary
cells (Huhndorf et al. 2004).
Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain, Canadian Journal of
Botany 49 (6): 878 (1971)
Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke, Grevillea 16 (77): 16 (1887)
Notes: We follow the latest treatment of this genus in
Samarakoon et al. (2018) (Fig. 140).
Coniochaeta baysunika Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554229; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04072; Fig. 141.
Etymology: Named after the Baysun Mountain in
Uzbekistan.
Holotype: TASM 6131.
Saprobic on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high 220–280 lm diam. (
x
= 234.2 9 239.6 lm, n = 10), black, with smooth to
somewhat rough surface, superficial, solitary or gregarious,
globose, uniloculate, ostiolate. Ostiole central, papillate,
with circular outline, lacking periphyses, filled with hyaline
cells. Peridium brittle when dry, softer when rehydrated,
15–20 lm thick at the base, 30–50 lm near the ostiole,
two-layered. Inner layer consisting of hyaline to subhyaline, strongly compressed cells, outer layer consisting of
densely packed, moderately thick-walled, brown cells,
tending to be darker and more isodiametric towards the
outside; near the ostiole some protruding, thick-walled,
elongated, apically rounded cells and sparse, pale, often
apically darker, septate, hairs present. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous,
septate, paraphyses. Asci 900–120 9 8–10 lm (
x = 107.2
9 8.9 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, shortpedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J-. Ascospores 15–
22 9 4.5–5.5 lm (
x = 17.8 9 4.9 lm, n = 50), overlapping
209
uniseriate, ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, dark
brown, darker in 3% KOH, 1-septate, with a conspicuous,
straight germ slit across the entire length, smooth, without
sheath or appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa sp. Uzbekistan.
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun district, Qizilnaur village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on trunk and branches of Rosa sp.
(Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S70
(TASM 6131, holotype), MFLU 17-0157, isotype, ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 17-0830.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828880, LSU: MG828996,
SSU: MG829107, TEF: MG829196.
Notes: See the notes under Coniochaeta rosae.
Coniochaeta rosae Wanas., Gafforov, E.B.G. Jones &
K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF554228; Facesoffungi
number: FoF 04071; Fig. 142.
Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the host genus
Rosa.
Holotype: TASM 6127.
Saprobic on trunk and branches of Rosa spp. Sexual
morph: Ascomata 200–250 lm high 220–280 lm diam. (
x
= 290.2 9 286.4 lm, n = 10), forming inconspicuous
groups of 0.5–2 mm diam. in cracks of bark or erumpent
through the bark, more rarely growing solitarily, often with
a brown, amorphous substance between them rendering a
stromatic appearance, immersed or semi-immersed in the
bark, often with only the ostiole visible, black, with smooth
to somewhat rough surface, globose. Ostiole central,
papillate to cylindrical, with circular outline, densely filled
with periphyses. Peridium brittle when dry, softer when
rehydrated, 20–30 lm thick at the base, 30–50 lm near the
ostiole, two-layered, inner layer consisting of hyaline to
subhyaline, strongly compressed cells, outer layer consisting of densely packed, moderately thick-walled, brown
cells, tending to be darker and more isodiametric towards
the outside; near the ostiole some protruding, thick-walled,
elongated, apically rounded cells and sparse, pale, often
apically darker, septate, hairs present. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 lm (n = 40) wide, filamentous,
septate, paraphyses. Asci 90–120 9 8–10 lm (
x = 107.2 9
8.9 lm, n = 40), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, shortpedicellate, apical ring inconspicuous, J- (Melzer-negative). Ascospores 14–18 9 4–6 lm (
x = 15.8 9 5.2 lm, n =
50), overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, slightly laterally
compressed, dark brown, darker in 3% KOH, 1-septate,
with a conspicuous, straight germ slit across the entire
length, smooth-walled, without sheath or appendages.
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Known distribution: On Rosa spp. Uzbekistan.
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Coniochaeta hoffmannii CBS 245.38
70
Coniochaeta luteorubra CBS 131710
Coniochaeta fodinicola CBS 136963
74
88
Coniochaeta cateniformis CBS 131709
Coniochaeta canina UAMH 11702
Coniochaeta nepalica NBRC 30584
95
Coniochaeta cymbiformispora NBRC 32199
Coniochaeta mutabilis CBS 157.44
74
Coniochaeta luteoviridis CBS 206.38
100
69
Coniochaeta velutina CBS 120874
Coniochaeta velutina CBS 121444
Coniochaeta lignicola CBS 267.33
Coniochaeta fasciculata CBS 205.38
Coniochaeta
70
54
95
74
77
Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0804
Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0810
Coniochaeta rosae MFLUCC 17–0806
Coniochaeta rosae MFLU 17-0122
Coniochaeta baysunika MFLUCC 17–0830
Coniochaeta africana CBS 120868
59
100
Coniochaeta prunicola CBS 120875
Coniochaeta prunicola CBS 121445
Coniochaeta gigantospora ILLS 60816
100
100
Coniochaeta taeniospora LTA1
Coniochaeta taeniospora LTA
70
Coniochaeta navarrae LTA3
Coniochaeta polymorpha CBS 132722
Coniochaeta decumbens CBS 153.42
100
0.03
Chaetosphaeria innumera MR 1175
Chaetosphaeria pygmaea MR 1365
Chaetosphaeriaceae
(Outgroup)
Fig. 140 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on LSU and ITS sequence data of Coniochaeta. The newly
generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank
database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were
obtained from GenBank. Twenty-nine strains are included in the
sequence analyses, which comprise 1510 characters with gaps.
Chaetosphaeria innumera (MR 1175) and C. pygmaea (MR 1365)
are used as outgroup taxa. The best scoring RAxML tree with a final
likelihood value of - 6041.59809 is presented. The matrix had 402
distinct alignment patterns, with 19.27% of undetermined characters
or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.25006, C
= 0.242896, G = 0.287316, T = 0.219728; substitution rates AC =
1.451405, AG = 1.620367, AT = 1.169359, CG = 1.258096, CT =
7.755103, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a =
0.507971. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than
50% are given above the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in
blue
Material examined: UZBEKISTAN, Surxondaryo Province, Boysun district, Omonxona village, South-Western
Hissar Mountains, on stalk of Rosa hissarica Slobodov
(Rosaceae), 13 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov YG-S13-3
(TASM 6127, holotype), MFLU 17-0130, isotype, ex-type
living culture, MFLUCC 17-0810. ibid. Qizilnaur village,
South-Western Hissar Mountains, trunk and branches of
Rosa ecae (Rosaceae), 14 May 2016, Yusufjon Gafforov
YG-S88-2 (TASM 6128). Duplicate: MFLU 17-0122, ibid.
Tashkent Province, Bostanliq district, Beldorsoy, Katta
Chimyon, Chatkal Range, Western Tien Shan Mountains,
on trunk and branches of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), 7 May 2016,
Yusufjon Gafforov YG-B25-1 (TASM 6129). Duplicate:
MFLU 17-0107, living culture, MFLUCC 17-0804. ibid.
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211
Fig. 141 Coniochaeta baysunika (MFLU 17-0157, holotype). a,
b Ascomata on host substrate. c Vertical section through ascoma.
d Close up of ostiole. e Vertical section of a perithecium. f Paraphyses.
g–i Asci (in Melzer). j–l Ascospores (Note the ascospore showing
germ slit in l). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 lm, c = 100 lm, d =
50 lm, e, g–i = 20 lm, f, j–l = 10 lm
YG-B25-3 (TASM 6130), MFLU 17-0109, living culture,
MFLUCC 17-0806.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MG828881, MG828882,
MG828883, MG828884, LSU: MG828997, MG828998,
MG828999, MG829000, SSU: MG829108, MG829109,
MG829110, MG829111, TEF: MG829197.
Notes: During our investigation on diversity of microfungi in Uzbekistan, four fungal isolates (MFLUCC
17-0804, MFLUCC 17-0810, MFLUCC 17-0806, MFLU
17-0122) were recovered from Rosa in South-Western
Hissar Mountains in their sexual morphs. These isolates are
morphologically similar in their dimensions and they are
closely related to each other with strong bootstrap support
123
212
Fig. 142 Coniochaeta rosae (TASM 6127, holotype). a–c Ascomata
on host substrate. d Vertical section through ascomata. e Paraphyses.
f–h Asci (in 5% KOH). i–m Ascospores (Note the ascospores
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
showing germ slits with 5% KOH in m). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c =
200 lm, d = 100 lm, e, i–m = 10 lm, f–h = 20 lm
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
our LSU/ITS phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 140). Their
morphological characters such as globose ascomata,
cylindrical asci and ellipsoid ascospores with a straight
germ slit across the entire length fit well within the species
concept of Coniochaeta. Since this group clusters apart
from other remaining members, we introduce these four
isolates as C. rosae sp. nov. Coniochaeta baysunika is
basal to C. rosae in the phylogenetic analyses. However, a
comparison of 593 nucleotides across the ITS regions
(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) reveals 22 bp (3.7%) differences
between C. baysunika and C. rosae. They are also morphologically different as C. rosae has immersed ascomata
and ostioles with periphyses, while C. baysunika has
superficial ascomata and lacks periphyses in the ostioles.
Zygomycota Moreau, Encyclopédie Mycologique 23:
2035 (1954)
Mucoromycotina Benny, Mycological Research 111 (5):
517 (2006)
Notes: The subphylum Mucoromycotina was described
by Benny in 2006 (Hibbett et al. 2007a, b). In comparison
to others, this subphylum consists of the largest number of
described species, especially, the well-known species Mucor mucedo and Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Currently, the
subphylum contains three orders: Endogonales, Mucorales,
and Umbelopsidales (Spatafora et al. 2016).
Mucorales Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 296 (1832)
Notes: The Mucorales is the largest order of fungi,
classified into the subphylum Mucoromycotina. Currently,
14 families were placed in this order based on analyzed a
multigene (act, EF-1a, 18S and 28S rRNA) data set
(Hoffmann et al. 2013).
Backusellaceae K. Voigt & P.M. Kirk, Index Fungorum
11: 1 (2012)
Notes: The monogeneric family Backusellaceae has
been introduced by Kirk (2012) and refers to mucoralean
saprobes that inhabit soil and form transitorily curved
sporangiophores. In addition, a comprehensive multigene
genealogical analysis of the Mucorales showed a wellestablished clade that supported the establishment of the
monogeneric Backusellaceae (Hoffmann et al. 2013).
Backusella Hesselt. & J.J. Ellis
Notes: The genus Backusella was established by Ellis
and Hesseltine (1969) with the type species B. circina. The
genus includes mucor-like species that differ from other
Mucorales by their production of both sporangia and sporangiola on sporangiophores. The sporangia of Backusella
species are terminal, multi-spored, and deliquescent, and
some species laterally form persistent sporangiola that can
213
be either uni- or multi-spored (Lima et al. 2016). This
genus was first placed in Mucoraceae and then transferred
to Thamnidiaceae by Pidoplichko and Milko (1971) due to
the possible morphological similarity to Thamnidium.
Walther et al. (2013) revised the order Mucorales based
on internal transcribed spacer and 28S rDNA sequence data
and decided to transfer some species of Mucor to the genus
Backusella based on transitorily recurved sporangiophores,
while B. ctenidia was transferred to Mucor. Until now, the
genus Backusella includes 13 species—B. circina, B. gigacellularis, B. grandis (=M. grandis), B. granulispora,
B. indica (=M. recurvus var. indicus), B. johoriensis,
B. lamprospora, B. oblongielliptica (=M. oblongiellipticus), B. oblongispora (=M. oblongispora), B. recurva
(=M. recurvus), B. tuberculispora (=M. tuberculisporus),
B. variabilis (=M. variabilis), and B. constricta (www.
indexfungorum.org).
Backusella species are saprobes that usually isolated
from soil, leaf litter, and other plant debris (Benny and
Benjamin 1975; Walther et al. 2013; de Souza et al. 2014).
There are only a few records related to Backusella isolated
from dung samples of animals such as humans (Walther
et al. 2013) and agouti (Santiago et al. 2011), but especially
no previous published literature records with Backusella
isolated from faecal samples of insects.
During a study on the diversity of zygomycetes in
Korea, a species of Backusella that differed from other
species in terms of its morphological and molecular characteristics was isolated and is thus described as a new
species. To our knowledge, there are no previous published
literature records of this genus in Korea (Figs. 143, 144).
Backusella locustae Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee, & T.T.T.
Nguyen, sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB 822165; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04076; Fig. 145
Etymology Referring to the host, grasshopper, from
which the species was first isolated.
Holotype: CNUFC-SFB2.
Colonies growing rapidly on SMA, initially white and
later greyish-white, reaching 46.5–49 mm diameter at
25 °C after 2 days; reverse greyish-yellow and regularly
zonate. Sporangiophores 5.5–11.5 lm wide, appearing
upright or curved for a short time, branching, and having a
septum near the point of branching. Sporangia globose to
subglobose, reaching 30–42.5 9 30.5–44.5 lm. Sporangiospores globose to subglobose, sometimes irregular, with
granular contents, measuring 9–23.5 9 10.5–25.5 lm.
Multispored sporangiola globose to subglobose, measuring
31–59 9 33.5–61.5 lm, containing roughly 4–25
sporangiospores.
Material examined: Republic of Korea, Jeonnam Province, Gwangju (35°90 30.3700 N, 126°470 38.2600 E), from a
123
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Backusella circina CBS 128.70
100
Backusella circina CBS 129.70
Backusella circina CBS 323.69
Backusella indica CBS 786.70
Backusella variabilis CBS 564.66
100
99
Backusella grandis CBS 186.87
72
Backusella consticta URM 7323
Backusella gigacellularis CCIBt 3866
95
100
94 Backusella recurva CBS 317.52
Backusella recurva CBS 318.52
Backusella
Backusella recurva CBS 196.71
100
Backusella tuberculis CBS 562.66
100
97
Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2
Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB4
100
Backusella lamprospora CBS 118.08
81
Backusella lamprospora CBS 195.28
Backusella oblongispora CBS 569.70
Backusella oblongielliptica CBS 568.70
Mucor indicus CBS 226.29
0.05
Mucor (Outgroup)
Fig. 143 Phylogenetic tree of Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 and
CNUFC-SFB4, and related species based on a maximum-likelihood
analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. The sequence of Mucor indicus was
used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values
([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The bar indicates the number of
substitutions per position. New taxa are shown in blue and ex-type
strains in bold
faecal sample of grasshopper, 1 August 2016 (CNUFCSFB2, preserved as a glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the
Chonnam National University Fungal Collection
(CNUFC); isotype in Culture Collection of National
Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living
culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource
Collection (University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for
Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena,
Germany) (JMRC:SF:013662).
Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide
range of temperatures with growth rates of 22, 20 and
24.5 mm per 24 h on synthetic mucor agar, potato dextrose
agar and malt extract agar, respectively. Optimal growth
was observed at 25 °C, slow growth was observed below
10 °C and above 35 °C, and no growth was observed at 2
and 40 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: KY449291, KY449293, LSU:
KY449290, KY449292, SSU: MF667989, MF667990,
TEF: MF667987, MF667988.
Notes: Backusella locustae is morphologically similar
and closely related to B. lamprospora and B. recurva, but
differs by having smaller sporangia. The multi-spored
sporangiola of B. locustae were well-observed and larger
than those of B. lamprospora. The new species was also
different from B. recurva, which does not produce any
typical multispored sporangiola. Especially, the number of
sporangiospores per sporangiolum of B. locustae was less
than that in B. lamprospora.
In the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequence analyses
of ITS rDNA and multiple genes, the strain formed a
separate branch from other Backusella species, showing
that it is a new species.
123
Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj., Aliso 4: 415
(1959)
Notes: Currently, Cunninghamellaceae is composed of
five genera: Absidia, Cunninghamella, Gongronella, Hesseltinella, and Chlamydoabsidia (Hoffmann et al. 2013).
Absidia Tiegh., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique
4: 350 (1878)
Notes: The genus Absidia was originally described by
Van (1876). Now, it belongs in Mucorales, Cunninghamellaceae, a family including six genera (Benny et al.
2014). The species of this genus are characterized by
producing sporangiophores arising from stolons and
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
215
Backusella recurva FSU 10116
Backusella recurva FSU 10117
97
Backusella recurva FSU 10118
99
Backusella recurva FSU 10115
Backusella
locustae CNUFC-SFB2
100
99
Backusellaceae
Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB4
100 Backusella circina FSU 10122
100
Backusella circina FSU 10121
Backusella circina FSU 10123
100
Backusella circina NRRL 2446
Backusella recurva NRRL 3247
87
Utharomyces epallocaulus NRRL 3168
Pilobolaceae
Pilobolus umbonatus NRRL 6349
77
Rhizopus microsporus NRRL 2710
Rhizopus arrhizus CBS 112.07
100
Rhizopus stolonifer NRRL 1477
Rhizopodaceae
Syzygites megalocarpus NRRL 6288
Sporodiniella umbellata NRRL 20824
100
Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-1
Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-2
92
Absidia spinosa ATCC 22755
95
Absidia psychrophilia CBS 128.68
Absidia repens NRRL 1336
77
93
Absidia glauca NRRL 2799
99
Chlamydoabsidia padenii NRRL 2977
100
Absidia macrospora CBS 696.68
100
Cunninghamellaceae
Absidia californica CBS 126.68
Halteromyces radiates NRRL 6197
100
Cunninghamella echinulate NRRL 1382
Cunninghamella bainierii FSU 319
92
Gongronella butleri NRRL 1340
100
Hesseltinella vesiculosa CBS 197.68
Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp
100
Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp-2
100
Umbelopsis nana NRRL 22420
Umbelopsidaceae (Out group)
Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL 1757
99
89
96
0.05
Fig. 144 Phylogenetic tree of Backusella locustae CNUFC-SFB2 and
CNUFC-SFB4, and related species based on a maximum-likelihood
analysis of combined datasets for 18S, 28S rDNA, and translation
elongation factor (EF-1a) sequences. The sequences of Umbelopsis
nana and U. isabellina were used as outgroups. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The
bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
pyriform sporangia with deliquescent walls. A septum is
always present below the sporangium. Zygospores are
surrounded by appendages arising from the suspensor.
Species of Absidia are frequently found in soil, dung, or
various other substrates (Benny 2008; Ariyawansa et al.
2015; Li et al. 2016b). To date, there are six species
accepted in this genus.
Recently, molecular data have been evaluated for Mucorales (Voigt et al. 1999; O’Donnell et al. 2001; White
et al. 2006). Several studies based on multi-loci analysis
(18S, 28S, EF-1a, actin, RNA polymerase II) have been
conducted (Tanabe et al. 2003; Hoffmann et al. 2013;
Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016b).
In a previous study, two new species isolated from a soil
sample from Dokdo Island and rat dung sample, Korea,
were reported as Absidia koreana and A. stercoraria,
respectively (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016b).
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216
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Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 145 Backusella
locustae (CNUFC-SFB2, holotype). a,
d Colony on synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colony on potato dextrose
agar. c, f Colony on malt extract agar (a–c above view, d–f reverse
view) (g–q light and differential interference contrast microscopy; r–
u Scanning electron microscopy). g–k Sporangiophores and multispored sporangiola. l–p Slightly or very curved sporangiophores and
sporangia. q Sporangiospores. r–u Multispored sporangiola. Scale
bars: g = 200 lm, h–k, o = 50 lm, l–n, p, q, r–t = 20 lm,
u = 10 lm
While evaluating the diversity of fungi of the order
Mucorales isolated from a soil sample from Geumgol
Mountain, Jin Island (Jindo), Korea, a new species was
isolated and is described (Fig. 146).
Absidia jindoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, sp.
nov.
MycoBank number: MB 822379; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04077; Fig. 147
Etymology: Referring to its collection location, Jin
Island (Jindo) from where the species was first isolated
(Korea).
Holotype: CNUFC-PTI1-1
Colonies grow rapidly on MEA, covering the petri dish
for 5 days at 25 °C, initially white then becoming greybrown. Sporangiophores 70–215 9 2.5–5.5 lm, erect,
arising from stolons, always with a septum below the
sporangium, from 2 to 6 (sometimes 8) sporangiophores in
whorls these branched again. Sporangia globose to pyriform, 13.5–35.5 9 12–35.5 lm, multi-spored, sometimes
with a bell shaped apophysis. Columellae 10–19.5 lm
diam., hemispherical, sometimes subglobose, with a collarette. One projection usually presents on upper surface of
columellae, varying in shape. Sporangiospores short
cylindrical with rounded ends, 3.5–5 9 2.5–3.9 lm. Chlamydospores absent. Zygospores always present, 60–83.5
9 61.5–84 lm.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Geumgol
Mountain (34°320 N 126°170 E), from a rhizosphere soil of
pine tree 19th April 2017 (CNUFC-PTI1-1, preserved as
glycerol stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National
University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection
of National Institute of Biological Resources [NIBR],
Incheon); living culture (ex-type) deposited at Jena
Microbial Resource Collection (University of Jena and
Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany) (JMRC:SF:013656).
Culture characteristics: The isolate was observed to
grow over a wide range of temperatures with varying
growth rates on SMA (synthetic mucor agar), PDA (potato
dextrose agar), and MEA (malt extract agar). The average
growth rates of CNUFC-PTI1-1 on SMA, PDA, and MEA
were 21, 16.5, and 18 mm per 24 h, respectively at 25 °C.
217
Optimal growth was observed around 25 °C, slow growth
was observed at 5 °C, and no growth at 35 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926622, MF926623, LSU:
MF926616, MF926617, SSU: MF926626, MF926627,
TEF: MF926513, MF926514, ACT: MF926509,
MF926510.
Notes: Absidia jindoensis is morphologically similar to
A. spinosa, but it differs from the similar species by size of
sporangiophores and the pattern of sporangiophores
branching. Sporangiophores of A. jindoensis are much
more branched than those of A. spinosa. In addition, columellae of A. jindoensis are smaller than those of A.
spinosa.
In the phylogenetic tree, based on multiple genes, the
new strain formed a separate branch from other species of
the genus and is considered to represent a new species.
Mucoraceae Dumort., Commentationes botanicae: 69, 81
(1822)
Notes: The family Mucoraceae was erected by Dumortier (1822). This is the largest family of Mucorales. In the
study by Hoffmann et al. (2013), three families Chaetocladiaceae, Dicranophoraceae, and Thamnidiaceae are
treated as synonyms of the Mucoraceae. Species belonging
to this family have the ability to produce organic acids and
enzymes.
Mucor Fresen., Beiträge zur Mykologie 1: 7 (1850)
Notes: Mucor is the largest genus, including more than
300 species, within the order Mucorales and includes primarily saprotrophic species. Mucor species are characterized by fast growing colonies, simple or branched
sporangiophores without basal rhizoids or stolons, nonapophysate sporangia, and zygospores which are borne
from opposed suspensors (Schipper and Samson 1978).
Members of this genus can be easily isolated from soil,
dung, water, stored grains and plant material (Benny 2008;
Li et al. 2016b).
Traditionally, classification of Mucor species was
determined on the basis of morphological similarities such
as the size and shape of sporangia (Tibpromma et al. 2017).
O’Donnell et al. (2001) and White et al. (2006) confirmed
that the taxa were monophyletic based on the elongation
factor 1-a gene sequences, but did not reflect family relationships within Mucorales (Jacobs and Botha 2008). The
elongation factor 1-a and actin genes were found to be
more informative to classify them at the level of species.
Recently, molecular studies have been performed to
evaluate mucoralean species (Hoffmann et al. 2013; Walther et al. 2013; Ariyawansa et al. 2015). According to
Walther et al. (2013), Mucor species can be divided into
five groups, consisting of mucedo, flavus, hiemalis,
123
218
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Absidia koreana EML-IFS45-1
Absidia
koreana EML-IFS45-2
89
Absidia stercoraria EML-DG8-1
85
Absidia stercoraria EML-DG8-2
100 Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-1
70
Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-2
Absidia
repens NRRL1336
91
79
Absidia psychrophilia CBS 128.68
89
Absidia spinosa ATCC 22755
100
Absidia californica FSU4747
91
70
Absidia macrospora CBS 696.68
Cunninghamellaceae
93 Chlamydoabsidia padenii NRRL2977
Absidia glauca NRRL2799
Halteromyces radiatus NRRL6197
Cunninghamella elegans NRRL6436
100
Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL1382
Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL1375
100
Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp-1
100
Gongronella koreana EML-TS2Bp
Gongronella butleri NRRL1340
Hesseltinella vesiculosa CBS 197.68
97 Lichtheimia corymbifera NRRL2982
66 Lichtheimia corymbifera CBS429.75
98
Lichtheimia hyalospora NRRL1304
99
Lichtheimiaceae
Lichtheimia ramosa FSU6197
Dichotomocladium sphaerosporum FSU8697
100
68 Dichotomocladium floridanum FSU8694
Dichotomocladium elegans NRRL6236
97
Fennellomyces linderi NRRL2342i
100
Thamnostylum piriforme NRRL6240
63
Zychaea mexicana NRRL6237
Circinella umbellata NRRL1351
Umbelopsis nana NRRL22420
Umbelopsidaceae (Outgroup)
Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL1757
92
99
96
100
99
100
0.02
Fig. 146 Phylogenetic tree of Absidia jindoensis CNUFC-PTI1-1 and
CNUFC-PTI1-2 and related species based on maximum likelihood
analysis of multigenes including 18S and 28S rDNA, actin (Actin-1)
and translation elongation factor (EF-1a). Sequences of Umbelopsis
nana and U. isabellina were used as outgroups. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The
bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
racemosus and amphibiorum, based on morphological
characteristics and phylogenetic relationship.
To our knowledge, only two new Mucor species have
been currently reported in Korea: Mucor koreanus from
tangerine fruit (Li et al. 2016b) and M. stercorarius from
rat faeces (Tibpromma et al. 2017). In addition, seven
previously described species—M. circinelloides, M. hiemalis, M. mucedo, M. piriformis, M. racemosus, M. fragilis
and M. irregularis—have been recorded in Korea (Lee
et al. 2015, Nguyen et al. 2016a, b; Nguyen and Lee 2016).
During a study of Mucorales in freshwater samples
collected at Wonhyo Valley in Gwangju, Korea, a new
Fig. 147 Absidia jindoensis (CNUFC-PTI1-1, holotype). a, c
d Colonies in synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colonies in potato dextrose
agar. c, f Colonies in malt extract agar (a–c: obverse view, d–f:
reverse view). g, h Branched sporangiophores and secondary
sporangium on sporangiophore derived from primary sporangium. i,
j Sporangia. k–p Columellae with collarette and a single projection.
q Sporangiospores. r–t Zygospores with appendages. Scale bars: g =
50 lm, h–t = 20 lm
123
species of Mucor was isolated and is described here
(Figs. 148, 149).
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
219
123
220
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Mucor inaequisporus CBS 351.50
Mucor inaequisporus CBS 255.36
Mucor inaequisporus CBS 496.66
80
Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1
Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-2
Mucor nederlandicus CBS 735.70
Mucor variosporus CBS 837.70
Mucor amphibiorum CBS 763.74
96
Mucor amphibiorum CBS 185.77
Mucor amphibiorum CNM-CM 2934
Mucor prayagensis CBS 816.70
92
90
Mucor prayagensis CBS 652.78
Mucor azygosporus CBS 292.63
99 Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 210.80
Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 528.73
Mucor falcatus CBS 252.35
100 Mucor falcatus CBS 251.35
Mucor odoratus CBS 130.41
66
100
Mucor odoratus CBS 179.76
Mucor odoratus CBS 572.70
Mucor caatinguensis URM 7322
64
Mucor indicus CBS 123974
100
Mucor indicus CBS 120585
Mucor indicus CBS 226.29
96 Mucor ucrainicus CBS 221.71
Mucor ucrainicus CBS 674.88
Mycotypha microspora CBS 230.32
0.02
Mucor
Mycotypha (Outgroup)
Fig. 148 Phylogenetic tree of Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 and
CNUFC-MSW21-2, and related species based on a maximumlikelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. The sequence of
Mycotypha microspora was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The
bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
Mucor fluvius Hyang B. Lee, S.H. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen,
sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB822535; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 04078; Fig. 150
Etymology: fluvius. Referring to the freshwater which
from the species was first isolated.
Holotype: CNUFC-MSW21-1
Colonies growing fast on SMA, white to pale grey later,
reaching 44–48 mm diam. at 25 °C after 3 days of incubation; greyish yellow with regularly zonate. Sporangiophores roughly 2.5–10 lm wide, appearing upright and
branching. Sporangia globose to subglobose, 8–44.5 9
8–45 lm. Columellae globose to subglobose, ellipsoidal,
diverse in shape, 10–31.5 9 9.5–31.5 lm. Sporangiospores
subglobose, ovoid, sometime irregular, 1.5–4.5 9 2–7 lm.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Jeonnam
Province, Wonhyo valley located in Gwangju
(35°90 1.1800 N, 126°590 24.6200 E), from freshwater sample, 3
January 2017 (CNUFC-MSW21-1, preserved as glycerol
stock at - 80 °C in the Chonnam National University
Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources
[NNIBR], Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province); living culture
(ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection
(University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany)
(JMRC:SF:013663).
Culture characteristics: The isolate grew over a wide
range of temperatures with varying growth rates on SMA
(synthetic mucor agar), PDA (potato dextrose agar) and
MEA (malt extract agar) of 16.0, 18.5 and 19 mm per 24 h,
respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, slow
growth was observed at below 10 and 30 °C, and no
growth at 2 and 35 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MF667992, LSU: MF667995,
SSU: MF667998, TEF: MF667993.
Notes: Mucor fluvius is similar in morphology and closely related to M. nederlandicus and M. amphibiorum, but
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
221
Mucor mucedo CBS 987.68
Mucor mucedo CBS 640.67
M. mucedo group
100 Mucor piriformis CBS 169.25
Mucor koreanus EML-QT1
93
76 Mucor aligarensis CBS 993.70
94
Mucor flavus CBS 681.73
M. flavus group
Mucor flavus CBS 234.35
100 Mucor irregularis CBS 103.93
Mucor irregularis CBS 700.71
94
M. hiemalis group
96
Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis CBS 201.65
Mucor hiemalis f. corticola CBS 362.68
99
Mucor ramosissimus CBS 135.65
Mucor bainieri CBS 293.63
75
Mucor circinelloides CBS 635.65
100
Mucor circinelloides CBS 124110
M. racemosus group
97
Mucor circinelloides CBS 384.95
Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus CBS 115.08
99
90
Mucor racemosus f. racemosus CBS 260.68
Mucor plumbeus CBS 634.74
Mucor genevensis CBS 114.08
100
Mucor stercorarius CNUFC-UK2-1
83 Mucor inaequisporus CBS 255.36
Mucor inaequisporus CBS 496.66
91
Mucor nederlandicus CBS 735.70
99 Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1
Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-2
77
Mucor variosporus CBS 837.70
97
99
Mucor indicus CBS 226.29
M. amphibiorum group
75
Mucor falcatus CBS 251.35
Mucor amphibiorum CBS 763.74
Mucor ucrainicus CBS 674.88
75
Mucor azygosporus CBS 292.63
94
Mucor prayagensis CBS 652.78
Mucor prayagensis CBS 816.70
Mucor ardhlaengiktus CBS 210.80
Mycotypha microspora CBS 230.32
0.01
Mycotyphaceae (Outgroup)
100
75
Fig. 149 Phylogenetic tree of Mucor fluvius CNUFC-MSW21-1 and
CNUFC-MSW21-2, and related species based on a maximumlikelihood analysis of LSU rDNA sequences. The sequence of
Mycotypha microspora was used as outgroup. Numbers at the nodes
indicate the bootstrap values ([ 50%) from 1000 replications. The
bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. New taxa are
shown in blue and ex-type strains in bold
differs by having smaller sporangia, reaching 8–44.5 9
8–45 lm. Moreover, the new species grew and sporulated
at 5 °C, while M. nederlandicus and M. amphibiorum did
not.
In the phylogenetic tree based on the sequence analyses
of ITS and LSU rDNA, the strain formed a separate branch
from other species of Mucor, showing it is a new species.
Notes: The order Umbelopsidales was introduced by
Spatafora et al. (2016) based on phylogenetic analyses of
192 proteins from 25 zygomycete genomes (Spatafora et al.
2016). Currently, this order contains only one family,
Umbelopsidaceae.
Umbelopsidales Spatafora, Stajich & Bonito, Mycologia
108 (5): 1035 (2016)
Umbelopsidaceae W. Gams & W. Mey., Mycological
Research 107 (3): 348 (2003)
Notes: The family Umbelopsidaceae was established in
2003 by W. Gams & W. Mey, and includes only one genus,
123
222
123
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
b Fig. 150 Mucor fluvius (CNUFC-MSW21-1, holotype). a, d Colony
in synthetic mucor agar. b, e Colony in potato dextrose agar. c,
f Colony in malt extract agar (a–c above view, d–f reverse view). g–
i Short and long branched sporangiophores and sporangia. j–l
Sporangiophores and sporangia. m, n Columellae with collarette.
o Chlamydospores. p Sporangiospores. Scale bars g–p = 20 lm
Umbelopsis (Meyer and Gams 2003). Members of the
Umbelopsidaceae produce multi-spored, ochraceous to
reddish sporangium, and may or may not have a columella.
Sporangiospores are angular or not angular and variously
shaped.
Umbelopsis Amos & H.L. Barnett, Mycologia 58: 807
(1966)
Notes: The genus Umbelopsis was established by Amos
and Barnett (1966), comprising a single species U. versiformis. Because of its smaller columellae and the fact that
zygospore formation has not been observed in any species
of this genus, this species was accommodated as a separate
genus.
Currently, this genus consists of 14 accepted species
(Yip 1986a; Meyer and Gams 2003; Mahoney et al. 2004;
Wang et al. 2014). They are frequently isolated from leaf
litter and soil (Yip 1986a, Wang et al. 2014). Several
species were originally described in Mortierella. Other taxa
were transferred to Umbelopsis from Micromucor (Yip
1986b). The taxonomy of Umbelopsis has been based upon
morphological characteristics, such as the size and shape of
sporangia, sporangiospores, presence of columellae and
type of chlamydospores. Recently, molecular data revealed
the phylogenetic position of Umbelopsis and also the
relationships among its species (Voigt and Wöstemeyer
2001; Meyer and Gams 2003; Walther et al. 2013; Wang
et al. 2014).
During the investigation of the fungi from rhizosphere
of a pine tree in Daegak Mountain located in Sinsi Island
(Sinsido), Gunsan, Korea, a new species was isolated and is
described (Fig. 151).
Umbelopsis sinsidoensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen,
sp. nov.
MycoBank number: MB 822380; Facesoffungi number:
FoF 03657; Fig. 152
Etymology: sinsidoensis. Referring to the isolation
location, Sinsi Island (Sinsido) from where the species was
first isolated (Korea).
223
Holotype: CNUFC-GSNPF7-1
Colonies grow slowly on CMA, reaching 20–21 mm
diam. at 20 °C in 7 days, initially white later becoming red
dull due to abundant sporulation. Sporangiospores simple
or variously branched, often swollen at the point of
branching, 22–97 lm long, sometimes up to 154 lm long,
2–4.5 lm wide near the tip, 1–2 septate. Sporangia globose
to subglobose, 8.5–14 9 9–14.5 lm, multi-spored, reddish
brown. Columellae absent or small. Sporangiospores of
diverse shape, globose, ellipsoidal, angular, 3–5 lm diam.
Zygospores not observed.
Material examined: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Sinsi
Island (35.82°N, 126.45°E), Gunsan, from a rhizosphere
soil of pine tree in forest located in Daegak Mt., 7th August
2015 (CNUFC-GSNPF7-1, preserved as glycerol stock at
-80 °C in the Chonnam National University Fungal Collection; isotype in Culture Collection of National Institute
of Biological Resources [NIBR], Incheon); living culture
(ex-type) deposited at Jena Microbial Resource Collection
(University of Jena and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany)
(JMRC:SF:013657).
Culture characteristics: The isolate was observed to
grow over a wide range of temperatures with varying
growth rates on MEA (malt extract agar), CMA (corn meal
agar), and PDA (potato dextrose agar). The average growth
rates of CNUFC-GSNPF7-1 on MEA, CMA, and PDA
were 7.5, 6, and 5 mm per 24 h, respectively. Optimal
growth was observed around 25 °C, slow growth was
observed at 10 °C, and restricted growth at 37 °C.
GenBank numbers: ITS: MF926618, MF926619, LSU:
MF926612, MF926613, SSU: MF926624, MF926625,
TEF: MF926515, MF926516, ACT: MF926511,
MF926512.
Notes: Umbelopsis sinsidoensis is distinct from U.
fusiformis by its sporangial shape and size and branching of
the sporangiophores. The sporangial shape of U. fusiformis
is fusiform, but globose to subglobose in U. sinsidoensis.
Sporangiophores of U. sinsidoensis are shorter than those
of U. fusiformis (470–660 lm long). Additionally, sporangiospores of U. sinsidoensis are diverse in shape, globose, ellipsoidal, angular, while in U. fusiformis they are
subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal.
In the phylogenetic tree based on multiple genes, the
strain formed a branch separate from other species of
Umbelopsis and is considered to represent a new species.
123
224
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
81
Umbelopsis angularis CBS 603.68
96
Umbelopsis angularis CGMCC 3.6640
94
Umbelopsis ramanniana Um 078
Umbelopsis gibberispora CBS 109328
87
Umbelopsis ramanniana IMI150942
76
Umbelopsis ramanniana NRRL 1296
100
98
Umbelopsis westeae CBS 87085
Umbelopsis swartii CBS 86885
100
99
Umbelopsis sinsidoensis CNUFC-GSNPF7-2
Umbelopsis sinsidoensis CNUFC-GSNPF7-1
Umbelopsis fusiformis CBS 38585
78
Umbelopsis
100
Umbelopsis isabellina NRRL 22420
Umbelopsis ovata CBS 499.82
Umbelopsis autotrophica CBS 310.93
81
100
79
99
x4
Umbelopsis isabellina CBS 208.32
Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16352
Umbelopsis vinacea CBS 212.32
Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16349
Umbelopsis vinacea CGMCC 3.16357
100
Umbelopsis changbaiensi CGMCC 3.16345
Umbelopsis changbaiensi CGMCC 3.16346
79
Umbelopsis nana CBS 730.70
67
Umbelopsis dimorpha CGMCC 3.6641
90
Umbelopsis dimorpha CBS 110039
Umbelopsis versiformis CBS 473.74
Umbelopsis versiformis CBS 150.81
0.2
x4
Fig. 151 Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis
based on ITS, LSU and ACT sequence data of Umbelopsis. The newly
generated nucleotide sequences were compared against the GenBank
database using the Mega BLAST program. Related sequences were
obtained from GenBank. Twenty-seven strains are included in the
sequence analyses, which comprise 2331 characters with gaps.
Mortierella verticillata is used as the outgroup taxon. The best
scoring RAxML tree with a final likelihood value of - 12051.097367
123
Mortierella verticillata CBS 220.58
Mortierella (Outgroup)
is presented. The matrix had 703 distinct alignment patterns, with
8.99% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows; A = 0.259392, C = 0.220941, G = 0.221238, T =
0.298429; substitution rates AC = 1.034321, AG = 2.765829, AT =
1.267417, CG = 0.531859, CT = 4.848463, GT = 1.000000; gamma
distribution shape parameter a = 0.313517. Bootstrap support values
for ML equal to or greater than 60% are given above the nodes.
Newly generated sequences are in blue
Fungal Diversity (2018) 89:1–236
Fig. 152 Umbelopsis sinsidoensis (CNUFC-GSNPF7-1, holotype).
a, d Colonies in potato dextrose agar. b, e Colonies in corn meal agar.
c, f Colonies in malt extract agar (a–c: obverse view, d–f: reverse
225
view). g–i Sporangia and short sporangiophores. j, k Sporangia on
long sporangiophores. l–n Different types of branched sporangiophores. o Sporangiospores. Scale bars = 20 lm
123
226
Acknowledgements The authors extend their appreciation to the
International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud
University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089. We
thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research,
Sornram Sukpisit and Wilawan Punyaboon for their invaluable
assistance. Dhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank the Molecular
Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for
facilities for molecular work. We are also grateful to Anuruddha
Karunarathna, Binu Samarakoon and Digvijayini Bundhun for their
valuable assistance. Dhanushka Wanasinghe is also thankful to Hiran
Ariyawansa for his valuable suggestions. Hyang Burm Lee was
supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of
Korea, and the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal
Species of Korea funded by NIBR, and the Project on Discovery of
Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by
NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment (MOE), and the Cooperative
Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (PJ012957), Rural Development Administration, Republic of
Korea. Chayanard Phukhamsakda would like to thank Royal Golden
Jubilee Ph. D. Program under Thailand Research Fund, for the award
of a scholarship no. PHD/0020/2557. Ausana Mapook is grateful to
Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) PHD57I0012. R. Jeewon is grateful to University of Mauritius & Mae Fah Luang
University for enabling research collaboration. K.D. Hyde thanks to
National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University)
for grants ‘‘Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of
Pandanaceae’’ (Grant No: 592010200112) and Thailand Research
Fund (TRF) Grant No RSA5980068 entitled ‘‘Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora
apiculata and Nypa fruticans’’. National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University) grant no 60201000201 entitled
‘‘Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry
practice’’. K.D. Hyde is an Adjunct Professor at Chiang Mai
University. Samantha C. Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial
Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project (number 179122) and National Science Foundation of
China (NSFC) project code 31750110478. Kevin D. Hyde also thanks
to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030,
for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Y.S. Gafforov acknowledges
the support from Committee for coordination science and technology
development under the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan (Project
No. P3-2014-0830174425). Timur Bulgakov appreciates the
Alexander Fateryga and T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station
(Karadag State Reserve) for the help in expeditions in Crimean
Peninsula. Jianchu Xu thanks Key Research Program of Frontier
Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDYSSW-SMC014), Key Research Program of the Ministry of Sciences
and Technology (Grant No. 2017YFC0505101), CGIAR Research
Program 6: Forest, Trees and Agroforestry, the Kunming Institute of
Botany, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, under the 12th 5-year National Key
Technology Support Program (NKTSP) 2013BAB07B06 integration
and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green
Phosphate-mountain construction. Peter E. Mortimer thanks the
National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Project Codes
41761144055 and 41771063. S. Tibell would like to acknowledge
support from the grant ‘dha 2016-26 4.3’ from ‘The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative’.
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Affiliations
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe1,2,3,4 • Chayanard Phukhamsakda2,4 • Kevin D. Hyde1,2,3,4 • Rajesh Jeewon5 •
Hyang Burm Lee6 • E. B. Gareth Jones7 • Saowaluck Tibpromma1,2,3,4 • Danushka S. Tennakoon1,2,3,4,17 •
Asha J. Dissanayake2,8 • Subashini C. Jayasiri2,4 • Yusufjon Gafforov9,18 • Erio Camporesi10,11,12 •
Timur S. Bulgakov13 • Anusha H. Ekanayake1,2,3,4 • Rekhani Hansika Perera2,4 • Milan C. Samarakoon2,4,14
Ishani D. Goonasekara1,2,3,4 • Ausana Mapook1,2,3,4 • Wen-Jing Li1,2,3,4 • Indunil C. Senanayake2,4 •
Junfu Li1,2,3,4 • Chada Norphanphoun2,4,15 • Mingkwan Doilom1,2,3,4 • Ali H Bahkali16 • Jianchu Xu1,3 •
Peter E. Mortimer1 • Leif Tibell19 • Sanja Tibell19 • Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3
1
2
3
Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East
Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of
China
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang
University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia,
Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
•
10
A.M.B. Gruppo, Micologico Forlivese ‘‘Antonio
Cicognani’’, Via Roma 18, Forlı̀, Italy
11
A.M.B, Circolo Micologico ‘‘Giovanni Carini’’,
C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy
12
Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna,
C.P. 144 Bagnacavallo, RA, Italy
13
Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical
Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi,
Krasnodar Region, Russia 354002
4
Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa
Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
14
5
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science,
University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
15
6
Environmental Microbiology Lab, Division of Food
Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University,
Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
Engineering Research Center of Southwest BioPharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People’s Republic of
China
16
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science,
King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi
Arabia
17
Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University,
300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
18
Department of Ecology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-PlettStrasse, 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
19
Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University,
Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
7
Nantgaredig, 33 B St. Edwards Road Southsea Hants,
Hampshire PO5 3DH, UK
8
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,
Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China
9
Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of
Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli
Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
123