Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
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Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota
Mao-Qiang He1,2,3 • Rui-Lin Zhao1,4 • Kevin D. Hyde3 • Dominik Begerow5 • Martin Kemler5 •
Andrey Yurkov6 • Eric H. C. McKenzie7 • Olivier Raspé8,9 • Makoto Kakishima10 • Santiago Sánchez-Ramı́rez11
Else C. Vellinga12 • Roy Halling13 • Viktor Papp14 • Ivan V. Zmitrovich15 • Bart Buyck16 •
Damien Ertz8,9 • Nalin N. Wijayawardene3 • Bao-Kai Cui17 • Nathan Schoutteten18 • Xin-Zhan Liu1 •
Tai-Hui Li19 • Yi-Jian Yao1 • Xin-Yu Zhu1,3 • An-Qi Liu1 • Guo-Jie Li1 • Ming-Zhe Zhang1 •
Zhi-Lin Ling1 • Bin Cao1 • Vladimı́r Antonı́n20 • Teun Boekhout21,22 • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva23 •
Eske De Crop18 • Cony Decock24 • Bálint Dima25 • Arun Kumar Dutta26 • Jack W. Fell27 •
József Geml28 • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad29 • Admir J. Giachini30 • Tatiana B. Gibertoni31 •
Sergio P. Gorjón32 • Danny Haelewaters33,34 • Shuang-Hui He17 • Brendan P. Hodkinson35 •
Egon Horak36 • Tamotsu Hoshino37 • Alfredo Justo38 • Young Woon Lim39 • Nelson Menolli Jr.40,41 •
Armin Mešić42 • Jean-Marc Moncalvo43,44 • Gregory M. Mueller45 • László G. Nagy46 • R. Henrik Nilsson47 •
Machiel Noordeloos48 • Jorinde Nuytinck48 • Takamichi Orihara49 • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan2 •
Mario Rajchenberg50,51 • Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho52 • Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher53 •
Zdenko Tkalčec42 • Ricardo Valenzuela54 • Annemieke Verbeken18 • Alfredo Vizzini55 •
Felipe Wartchow56 • Tie-Zheng Wei1 • Michael Weiß57,58 • Chang-Lin Zhao59 • Paul M. Kirk60
•
Received: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 31 August 2019 /
The Author(s) 2019
Abstract
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota.
The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single
document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with
1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for
each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat,
distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1,
rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted,
respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and
605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are
211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in
ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also
provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Keywords Classification Molecular clock Fungi Systematics Taxonomy
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this
article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
& Rui-Lin Zhao
zhaorl@im.ac.cn
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Introduction
The Outlines of the Fungi provide essential taxonomic
information which are easy to use by workers in various
disciplines incorporating mycological fields (Wijayawardene et al. 2017, 2018a, b). In the Kingdom Fungi, the
phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota cover around 97%
of all fungal species (Willis 2018). Wijayawardene et al.
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106
(2017) provided notes on 6450 genera of Ascomycota and
Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) provided an outline for this
group. The outline of the Ascomycota was initiated by
Eriksson and Hawksworth (1986). Follow-ups and rearrangements were published in a series by Eriksson
(1991, 1998, 1999), Eriksson and Winka (1997) and
Eriksson et al. (2003, 2004). These earlier outlines were
chiefly based morphological characteristics. With the use
of molecular data, a more natural classification was
developed and published as the Outlines of the Ascomycota
(Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007, 2010). The most recent
update is that of Wijayawardene et al. (2018a). The outlines of the 1980s and 2018, however, are very different with
each other, but both of them provided a working model that
other mycologists could strive to confirm or modify. The
outlines in 2007 and 2010 only included sexual morphs,
whereas the 2018 outline was the first to include asexual
morphs with links provided by Hyde et al. (2011) and
Wijayawardene et al. (2012, 2017), and is becoming a
stable system with continual updates (Wijayawardene et al.
2018a, b). Notes and outlines of the early diverging fungi
were provided by Wijayawardene et al. (2018b). Studies on
Basidiomycota on the other hand, have not followed such
an approach, in spite of there being a real need for this to
happen. Notes on all genera of Basidiomycota and an
Outline of the Basidiomycota are urgently needed. Once
such outline is in place, it can be modified and improved,
much like the outline of Ascomycota, until it also becomes
stable. We therefore provide an account of all genera of
Basidiomycota with short notes on basic taxonomic information and references to recent studies. We expect this to
be followed by an outline of the Fungi (Wijayawardene
et al. 2019) and this to be continually updated, perhaps on a
2–3 year basis, until we reach a consensus for the classification of all of the Fungi.
Basidiomycota constitute a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the
Ascomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2017, 2018a). Other
phyla are Aphelidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota,
Entorrhizomycota,
Glomeromycota,
Kickxellomycota, Microsporidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and
Zoopagomycota (Tedersoo et al. 2018), although the
acceptance of some phyla is disputed (Spatafora et al.
2016).
Species of Basidiomycota are characterized by basidia
as meiosporocysts in the sexual life stage. Karyogamy and
meosis proceed in the basidia and basidiospores are produced. The basidiomycetous hyphae, which have an electron-dense (multi-layered or visually single-layered) wall,
are divided by septa into mononucleate, binucleate, or
multinucleate segments. The septal pore may resemble a
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
simple pore as in the Ascomycota, being closed with a
compact electron-dense formation, but for many representatives it has a thickening on both sides, appearing
barrel-like (doliolum) in electronic microphotographs. The
basidiomycetous cell wall is composed of chitin, whose
fibrils are immersed in a matrix formed of (1 ? 3) - /
b(1 ? 6)b–glucans and also mannans in yeast cells.
Unlike the ascomycetes, the guanine-cytosine content of
the total DNA typically exceeds 50% in basidiomycetous
species. In addition, basidiomycetes differ from ascomycetes in a number of biochemical traits, such as the formation of urease, siderochromes, and the type of
ubiquinone system, which enables, for example, a clear
distinction between basidiomycete and ascomycete yeasts.
Like in all dikarya, mitosis in basidiomycetes proceeds
with preservation of the nuclear membrane (intranuclear
pleuromitosis) and only in some Urediniomycetes, the
nuclear membrane partially degrades during mitosis (semiopen pleuromitosis). The nuclear spindle polar bodies in
some early divering basidiomycetes, as well as in ascomycetes are discoid, but many representatives have hemispherical and bi-globular spindle polar bodies (Zmitrovich
and Wasser 2011). Agaricomycotina produce macroscopic
structures for sexual reproduction (basidioma) which are
typical mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars or other
structures and may be above ground or sequestrate. Some
taxa do not seem to form basidioma but are nevertheless
members of the Basidiomycota. These taxa include rusts
and smuts, which comprise Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina. Yeasts-forming taxa, which are usually
found in their asexual life mode, are also members of
Basidiomycota, and can be found in all these three subphyla. According to the latest version of Ainsworth &
Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), there are
1589 genera and more than 30,000 species of Basidiomycota, which comprise nearly 32% of all described fungal
taxa (Dai et al. 2015).
Since the last edition of Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary
of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), numerous sequenced-based
studies have enabled the introduction of a vast array of new
taxa, which has greatly enriched the known diversity of
Basidiomycota. At the same time, related new taxonomic
categories have been proposed. For example, in phylogenetic studies of basidiomycetous yeasts, three new classes
Malasseziomycetes, Monilielliomycetes, and Spiculogloeomycetes, were introduced as well as three new
orders, 16 new families, and 47 new genera (Nasr et al.
2014a; Wang et al. 2014a, 2015d, e; Liu et al. 2015b; Riess
et al. 2016). On the other hand, many new changes have
also occurred in the Agaricomycotina. Approximately 60
new genera have been recognized for agarics, 40 for
boletes, and 50 for bracket fungi (Desjardin et al. 2009;
Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2010a; Petersen and Hughes
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
2010; Cui et al. 2011b; Vellinga et al. 2011; Vizzini et al.
2011a; Hao et al. 2014; Hofstetter et al. 2014; Smith et al.
2015; Castellano et al. 2016; Henkel et al. 2016; Wu et al.
2016e; Buyck et al. 2017; Orihara and Smith 2017).
Several studies have focused on contributions to fungal
diversity. Such as the Fungal Diversity Notes series, which
is already in it 10th contribution, and introduced two new
families, two new genera, and 135 new species of Basidiomycota (e.g. Hyde et al. 2017a, b; Tibpromma et al.
2017). Besides, the Fungal Planet series (e.g. Crous et al.
2015a), Fungal Diversity Profiles series (Adamcı́k et al.
2015), and Fungal Systematics and Evolution series (e.g.
Krisai-Greilhuber et al. 2017) have also provided additions
to basidiomycete diversity. Since Kirk et al. (2008), a large
amount of knowledge on Basidiomycota has been published, thus it is essential and pragmmatic to compile it into
a single document. Therefore, the present work provides
notes for each genus of Basidiomycota with updates since
2008, including basic information and the latest related
taxonomic studies. In addition, an outline of the Basidiomycota is also provided based on the latest systematic
studies.
Deciphering and uncovering evolutionary relationships
of organisms are underlying topics for taxonomists (Samarakoon et al. 2016). Molecular phylogenies have provided increased knowledge concerning the evolution of
fungi (McTaggart et al. 2016a; Kijpornyongpan et al. 2018;
Varga et al. 2019). Studies over the last decade used
innovative methods to support traditional morphologybased classifications (e.g. Lutzoni et al. 2004; Blackwell
et al. 2006; James et al. 2006; Hibbett et al. 2007) and
many new perspectives have been derived in fungal systematics. Divergence times have recently been used as
important criteria to rank taxa and have been accepted in
many fungal systematic studies (Drummond et al. 2012;
Hongsanan et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2017c). Zhao et al.
(2016f) used divergence times as an additional criterion to
infer a modern taxonomic system for the genus Agaricus.
The authors proposed the following criteria to rank taxa
above species level: (i) the taxa must be monophyletic and
statistically well-supported in multi-gene analyses; (ii)
their respective stem ages should be roughly equivalent,
and higher taxon stem ages must be older than lower level
taxa stem ages; and (iii) the taxa should be identifiable
phenotypically, whenever possible. Subsequently, several
studies have ranked higher taxa using divergence times,
such as for Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes), Basidiomycota and for the kingdom Fungi
(Hongsanan et al. 2017; Hyde et al. 2017a; Liu et al. 2017c;
Zhao et al. 2017c; Tedersoo et al. 2018). The time ranges
for Basidiomycota, with the phylum originating ca. 530
Mya, the subphyla 406–490 Mya, most classes 245–393
107
Mya and orders 120–290 Mya were inferred by Zhao et al.
(2017c).
In the present study, we provide three maximum clade
credibility (MCC) trees for the four subphyla (Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina and
Wallemiomycotina) in Basidiomycota. The molecular
clock analyses are executed to resolve taxonomic problems
with estimated divergence times for the well-supported
taxa at different taxonomic levels.
Materials and methods
Notes and outline
All generic names gathered from Index Fungorum (2019)
were checked through Kirk et al. (2008, 2013) and Species
Fungorum (2019). Nomina invalida, nomina rejicienda and
synonyms were excluded. The basic information of each
note is classification (family, order, class), synonyms,
accepted species number, type species, life mode, habitat,
distribution, and sequence information. Species numbers
are based on Kirk et al. (2008), plus new taxa and data
published between 2008 and 2019. Furthermore, the latest
research information for each note is in three parts if
available: (i) studies of selected important species (edible,
medicinal, industrial, pathogenic and saprobic); (ii) selected studies on taxonomy and phylogeny published between
2008 and 2019; (iii) new taxon studies between 2008 and
2019.
Phylogenetic analyses
Sequences were downloaded from GenBank (Benson et al.
2017). Six genes (LSU, SSU, 5.8s, ef1, rpb1 and rpb2)
were included in this study. Only species for which two or
more gene sequences were available were included in the
phylogenetic analyses. Sequence information is listed in
Supplementary Table 1. Sequences were checked in
BioEdit V.7.0.4 first (Hall 2007). Alignments were made
by Muscle 3.8.31 (Edgar 2004) for each region separately,
then adjusted manually. In order to avoid substitutional
saturation in third codon position, we used translated amino
acid sequences for ef1, rpb1 and rpb2 (Matheny et al.
2007b). For each data set, we then combined with DNA
from rDNA genes and amino acid sequences. Divergence
times were estimated in BEAST 1.8.4 (Drummond et al.
2012). An XML file was constructed with BEAUTI v1.8.,
and per-gene alignments were imported as separate partitions. Clock and substitution models were set to be
unlinked (independently estimated for each gene partition).
Substitution models for nucleotides were determined from
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108
jModelTest v2 and the settings were as follows: for the
Agaricomycotina tree, the GTR ? I?G for SSU, LSU and
5.8S and WAG for ef1, rpb1 and rpb2; for Pucciniomycotina, GTR for LSU and 5.8S, HKY for SSU and WAG
for ef1, rpb1 and rpb2; for Ustinaginomycotina, GTR for
LSU, SSU and 5.8S, and WAG for ef1, rpb1 and rpb2.
A Yule speciation model was selected as prior assuming a
constant speciation rate per lineage. We used the uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model, specifying a
gamma distribution for the ulcd.mean parameter with a
shape of 1.0, scale of 0.001, and offset 0. The calibrations
of each tree are cited from the previous study (Zhao et al.
2017c) by applying a normal distribution prior (SD = 1)
that mean age 406 Mya for Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and 430 Mya for Ustilaginomycotina. We ran
four independent Monte Carlo Markov Chains of 50 million generations for each, logging states every 10,000
generations. Log files were checked for convergence and
mixing in Tracer v1.6 (Rambaut and Drummond 2013;
http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/). A Maximumclade-credibility (MCC) tree was summarized using
TreeAnnotator 1.8, discarding 10% of states as burn-in and
annotating clades with C 0.8 posterior probability (PP).
Results
The phylogenetic and dating analyses of Basidiomycota
were conducted based on three datasets, composed of sixgene (LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, ef1) sequences from
species of subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina,
Ustilaginomycotina and Wallemiomycotina.
The phylogeny and divergence time analyses
of Agaricomycotina
In the phylogenetic analyses of Agaricomycotina, 430
species from Agaricomycotina and six outgroup species
from Pucciniomycotina were included. Those species
belong to three classes, 26 orders, 98 familes and 412
genera. Figure 1 shows the backbone-constrained tree at
the order level, and Fig. 2 is the same tree with more detail
at the family and genus levels. Generally, orders and higher
taxa including Agaricomycetes, Dacrymycetes and
Tremellomycetes were well supported (Fig. 1). However,
the subclass Agaricomycetidae, comprising by Agaricales,
Amylocorticiales, Atheliales, Boletales and Jaapiales, did
not receive statistic support. Phallomycetidae, comprising
Hysterangiales, Phallales, Gomphales and Geastrales, was
monophyletic with 0.9 PP support. The phylogenetic relationships of the main clades in Boletales roughly agree
with Binder and Hibbett 2006 which gave a phylogenetic
relationships among suborders based on a five-genes
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
dataset. In Boletacae, Zangiodeae represented by Zangia
and Harrya is recognized and supported statistically, which
agrees with Wu et al. (2014b). However, phylogenetic
relationships of the other genera are not resolved because
of low statistical support. The well-supported taxa were
dated with an estimated divergence time for Agaricomycotina as 406 Mya; the classes ranged from 298–341 Mya;
and orders from 108–259 Mya (Table 1).
The analyses involving Agaricomycetes comprised 77
families and 352 genera, the Dacrymycetes cmprised three
families and six genera, and the Tremellomycetes with 18
families and 54 genera (Fig. 2). A total of 45 monophyletic
families were recognized with well-supported PP values,
and these families belong to 14 orders as Agaricales,
Boletales, Cystofilobasidiales, Dacrymycetales, Filobasidiales, Gomphales, Hymenochaetales, Hysterangiales,
Phallales,
Polyporales,
Russulales,
Thelephorales,
Tremellales and Trichosporonales. The divergence times of
these well-supported families were estimated, ranging from
27 to 178 Mya (Table 1).
The phylogeny and divergence time analyses
of Pucciniomycotina
For the phylogenetic analyses of Pucciniomycotina, the
MCC tree was generated from the six-gene sequences of
125 species from Pucciniomycotina and six species from
Agaricomycotina as the outgroup (Fig. 3). In this tree,
Pucciniomycetes comprised four orders, 17 families, 56
genera, and occupied the base position; whilst Agaricostilbomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Mixiomycetes,
Spiculogloeomycetes and Tritirachiomycetes comprised of
16 orders, 24 families and 61 genera formed a clade
without statistical support.
All classes and orders were monophyletic with high
supports. The classes originated from 211 to 383 Mya and
orders from 128 to 244 Mya. Families in Agaricostilbales
(Agaricostilbaceae, Chionosphaeraceae, Kondoaceae and
Ruineniaceae),
Microbotryales
(Leucosporidiaceae,
Microbotryaceae and Ustilentylomataceae), Pucciniales
(Coleosporiaceae, Mikronegeriaceae, Phakopsoraceae,
Phragmidiaceae, Pileolariaceae, Pucciniaceae, Raveneliaceae, and Sphaerophragmiaceae), and Platygloeales
(Eocronartiaceae and Platygloeaceae) were well supported
and diverged between 85 to 222 Mya. Three monophyletic
and highly supported lineages (Mycogloea sp./
TUBFO40962; Slooffia tsugae/JCM 2960 and Udeniozyma
ferulica/JCM 8231; Spencerozyma crocea/CBS 2029 and
Vonarxula javanica/JCM 9032) did not nest with any
known families (Fig. 3). Divergence times of these clades
are 266 Mya, 188 Mya and 156 Mya, respectively.
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
109
Fig. 1 Maximum Clade
Credibility tree showing the
relationships among classes and
orders of Agaricomycotina
based on LSU, SSU, rpb1, rpb2,
5.8 s and ef1 genes with
Pucciniomycotina as the
outgroup. Posterior probabilities
equal to or greater than 0.8 are
annotated at the internodes. The
95% highest posterior densities
of divergence time estimates are
marked by horizontal bars
1.0 ( 1 2 6 )
Agaricales
0.9(136)
Agaricomycetidae
1.0 (111)
Amylocorticiales
Atheliales
1.0 (68)
1.0 (98)
Boletales
Jaapiales
Phallomycetidae
1.0 (85)
Hysterangiales
1.0 (77)
1.0 (108)
0.9 (137)
Phallales
Gomphales
Geastrales
Gloeophyllales
1.0 (76)
1.0 (105)
1.0 (91)
1.0 (106)
Polyporales
0.9 (138)
1.0 (89)
Thelephorales
1.0 (135)
Russulales
1.0 (110)
Corticiales
Agaricomycetes
1.0 (144)
Hymenochaetales
0.8 (259)
1.0 (43)
Dacrymycetes
Auriculariales
Trechisporales
Sebacinales
Cantharellales
Dacrymycetales
Unilacrymales
1.0 (96)
1.0 (54)
0.9 (298)
1.0 (105)
1.0 (177)
0.9 (206)
50 Mya
1.0 (156)
Tremellales
1.0 (341)
0.8 (178)
Tremellomycetes
0.9 (210)
0.9 (245)
Trichosporonales
Holtermanniales
Filobasidiales
Cystofilobasidiales
Outgroup
1.0 (38)
1.0 (406)
0.9 (149)
0.9 (303)
1.0 (141)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 (Mya)
123
110
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
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The phylogeny and divergence time analyses
of Ustilaginomycotina and Wallemiomycotina
In the phylogenetic analyses of Ustilaginomycotina, a sixgene (LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2 and ef1) dataset was
used, which comprised of 74 species from Ustilaginomycotina, three species from Wallemiomycotina, and two
species from Pucciniomycotina as the outgroup.
Wallemiomycotina occupied the basal position with strong
support with a divergence time of 430 Mya in MCC tree
(Fig. 4). There were four classes In Ustilaginomycotina, of
which Moniliellomycetes and Malasseziomycetes were
each represented by a single sample. Ustilaginomycetes
included four orders, 12 families and 45 genera and formed
a strongly-supported monophyletic clade. Exobasidiomycetes was polyphyletic and comprised seven orders,
13 families and 27 genera. The estimated divergence time
for Ustilaginomycotina was 430 Mya, orders originated
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76 7 Ph aner ocha etacea e Hyp x co amin 174 110343
79 0 Ph aner ocha acea e Pire bostr V 93 i FP
79 1 Ph aner haet acea psis al lis TJ ngloisi
79 7 Ph aneroc haet ulio us mol ete la 102165 6T
77 4 Ph eroc e Mer opor ocha
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78 0 Phan acea e Lept elabr ericana TJV B 1569
77 5 Irpic acea Cand a am cervina ens HH
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70 0 Irpica ceae Trametoomyces
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78 Irpica ceae
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738 Irpica ceae Irp dnopoly porus atohyp
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349 Irpica ceae Hy ae Laeti oria dil s feei Oin i 10919
749 Irpica sidace ae Wolfip fomitopsi fragilis Cu
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745 Fomitop sidace Rhodo edalea
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656 Fomitop sidaceae Ungulida africana O L 15603
742 Fomitop sidaceae
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665 Fomitop aceae Da toporus bet icola Cui 103
667 Fomitopsid ceae Pip itopsis pin
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662 Fom itopsida Grifola fron sanguineus
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652 Fom poraceae Pycnoporus icolor ZRL2015 L 47647
744 Poly poraceae
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671 Poly poraceae Tramnniporiella chaq mis Cui 8497
672 Poly poraceae Pere situbus nelumbifor 11040
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722 Poly oraceae Spar
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733 Polyp oraceae Coriolopsis a polyzonata Cui 11035
680 Polyp oraceae Neofomitell hainaniana Cui 6364
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718 Polyp raceae Perenniporia
ica Cui 9035
721 Polypo aceae Grammothelopsis subtrop 7182
698 Polypor ceae Vanderbylia fraxinea Dai
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741 Polypora
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637 Polyporaceae
cinerascens FP105043sp
708 Polyporaceae Lopharia
portoricense He2161
486 Polyporaceae Dentocorticium
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685 Polyporaceae Dentocorticium sulphurellum
696 Polyporaceae Funalia sp. Dai6329
714 Polyporaceae Microporus xanthopus PEN79
688 Polyporaceae Earliella scabrosa PR1209
651 Polyporaceae Fomitella supina OMC
1405
710 Polyporaceae Megasporoporia
bannaensis Dai 12306 T
702 Polyporaceae Hexagonia
tenuis Niemela 9032
707 Polyporaceae
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682 Polypora
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639 Polypo ceae Daedaleopsis confrago
735 Polypo raceae Tomophagus colossu sa WD747
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736 Polyp raceae Theleporus
725 Polyp oraceae Tinctoporell minisporus Dai 12011
697 Poly oraceae Porogramm us epimiltinus CRM
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691 Poly poraceae Gram
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681 Poly poraceae Epit mothele aff.
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700 Poly poraceae Cryphele macaran fuligo FP 150657
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369 Bole aceae Veloporphy s cisalpinus PDD9
380 Bolet ceae Xerocomellu
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381 Boleta ceae Tylopilus felleus ii HKAS59699
379 Boleta eae Retiboletus zhangfe
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375 Boletac ae Xanthoconium stramineum
429 Boletace
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410 Boletaceae Leccinum ananas NY815459
388 Boletaceae Boletellus
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389 Boletaceae Bothia castane
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426 Boletaceae Strobilomyces latirimosus HK
351 Atheliaceae Athelia arachnoidea CBS418 72
Fig. 2 Maximum Clade Credibility tree of Agaricomycotina based on
LSU, SSU, rpb1, rpb2, 5.8 s and ef1 genes with Pucciniomycotina as
the outgroup. Posterior probabilities that are equal to or greater than
0.8 are annotated at the internodes as purple dots. The coloured dots
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256 Psathyrellace ae Parasola conop ta ZRL20151133
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257 Psathyrellaceae
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260 Psathyrellaceae
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262 Psathyrellaceae
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142 Tubariaceae Flammulaster s 30 V 1997
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342 Tubariaceae Tubaria confragosa AFTOL ID
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126 Tubariaceae Pachylepyrium fulvidula T1495
139 Inocybaceae Pleuroflammula praestans ZRL2015066
133 Inocybaceae Crepidotus cf. applanatus PBM 717
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140 Inocybaceae Simocybe serrulata AFTOL OS582
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361 Auriculariaceae Exidia sp. PBM2527
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363 Auriculariaceae Exidiopsis effusa Miettinen 19136
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362 Auriculariaceae Eichleriella delicata TUFC33717
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364 Auriculariaceae Heterochaete
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rich 958 ron 962 ae G eae eae Tak a ann lob Syzy
o
c tac ae erm rm g e
0T
ce
96
osp
lla ceta ce ce olt lte ium cea
rich
me my my eta e H o sid ia
tre io io yc ea e H a d
3T
eo on on m c ea ob asi
ha ag ag nio nnia iac Fil ob
8 P etr etr go a nn ae Fil
93 56 T 55 T etra erm a ce 30
Agaricales
Amylocorticiales
Atheliales
Boletales
Jaapiales
Russulales
Hysterangiales
Phallales
Gomphales
Geastrales
Gloeophyllales
Polyporales
Thelephorales
Hymenochaetales
Trechisporales
Auriculariales
Sebacinales
Cantharellales
Dacrymycetales
Unilacrymales
Tremellales
Trichosporonales
Holtermanniales
Filobasidiales
Cystofilobasidiales
Corticiales
Outgroup
359 Auriculariaceae Auricularia heimuer Xiaoheimao
579 Rickenellaceae Peniophorella praetermissa AFTOL ID 518
573 Rickenellaceae Cotylidia pannosa V
Haikonen 25824
568 Schizoporaceae Lyomyce
570 Oxyporaceae Oxyporus s griseliniae 5289b
corticola ZRL201514
566 Schizoporaceae
59
549 HymenochaetaceXylodon verecundus KHL 12261
ae Phellinus ellipsoid
547 Hymenochaeta
eus Cui 4270
ceae Phellin
551 Hymenochae
taceae Pseud opsis asetosa Dai 13553
529 Hyme
536 Hym nochaetaceae Cyclo ochaete subrigidula T
enoch
He1157
myces lamel
aetaceae
545 Hym
latus Cui76
550 Hym enochaetaceae Fomitiporia medit
29
531 Hym enochaetacea Onnia leporina erranea AFTO
L ID 688
e Porodaed
BRNM
544 Hym enochaet
712782
530 Hym enochae aceae Inonotus alea chinensis
T Cui 1025
540 Hym enocha taceae Nothop griseus Dai
2
537 Hy enocha etaceae Hyd hellinus and 13436
etac
noc
me
inop
535 Hy nochae eae Hym haete ase
atag
menoc
taceae
tosa Dai onicus MR
enocha
532 Hy
10431B
menoc haetaceae Fulvifomes ete bambus 10756
548 Hy
icola
meno haetaceae Fomitipo hainan
541
T
Aramb rella aus ensis T Dai He 4116
490 Hymeno chaetacea
Co
cha
arr
tro
e
115
rtic
487
Phelli
asi
ia des
eta
73
truens ana T Da
494 Corticiaiaceae Laceae Ino notus
493 Punctul ceae Er etisar cutis dry neoaridu CIEFAPcc i 16244
s UR
ophil
ythric ia liche
48 Corti ariac
M8036 347
49 0 Corti ciaceae eae Pu ium lae nicola a DLL2
2
8665 Corti ciaceae March nctular tum M CBS 12 012 001
8705
G73
81 Heric ciace Corti andio ia str
86 9 Her iacea ae Wa cium myce igosozo
81 7 Her iciace e Ps itea cir rose s lignic nata AF
ola
81 7 Her iciace ae D eudo cinat um M
ATCC TOL ID
80 5 Ec iciace ae W entip wright a AF G46
MYA 1248
81 9 Bonhino ae right ellicul opor TOL
299
81 2 Bon darzdontia Heric opor a au ia cy ID 11
80 1 Bon da ew ceae ium iops stroa lindros 29
pora
85 8 B da rzew iaceae Laur amer is am frica
85 4 Steronda rzew iaceae Het ilia icanumylohyp na Dai 0810
rz
6
ia
su
er
85 S ea ew ce
H
lc
ob
PB ha Yu 1258 1a
M
85 5 S tere ceae iace ae B eter asid ata
an 35 0 T
84 7 S tere acea Ale ae onda obas ion He 20 2498
79
T
85 9 S tere acea e St urod Bon rzew idio anno 1209
16
8 2 S tere acea e N ereu is darz ia n an sum
85 50 S tere acea e X eoal m hi cus am ewia berk nosu DA 7
8 1 S tere ac e ylob eu rs
or m eley m 0612 OM73
8 00 te ac eae Aca ol rodi utum ph onta i D
191
8 03 Alb reac eae Ale ntho us scus AF us G na D ai 12 9 6
4 02 Alb atre ea Ale urob fu frus
fu TO hoba AO 759
L
M
8 91 Alb atre llac e A uro ot ngus tula jii
d
8 14 ince at ll ea leu dis rys ri tus Wu0 ID 49 Nejha 415
8 63 Ec ta rell acea e rod cu bo mos He2 807 2
d246
23 40
8 21 Ec hin e se acea e Bys iscu s ce tryo us
4
ru su W 1
8 25 Pe hin od d e Alb so s
8 22 Pe nio o on is Po atr pori ceru ssa s H u9
82 34 Pe nio ph donti tiac Lepto lyp ellu a te ssa tus e271 601 1
9 Ru nio ph ora ac eae co oro s ro rres tus He2 2
Ru ss p ora ce ea E rt le
F
2
ss ula hora ce ae e L ch iciu tus seus tris PL 08
ula ce c ae L a in m su G Hjm 11
ce ae eae Va ach rsso odo te blivi J15 18 527
ae M V ra no nip nti nel d 11 17
2
La ult ara ria cla o um lum us JA
cta ifu ria ab diu ria tin M 0
riu rca ab ort m inc cto G1 309
s li oc ort iph sp. rust riu 43 18
gn hri iph ysa AF ato m D
yo co ysa C TO cy A
tu mp
st O
s P ac CB BS L ID idia M1
BM ta S 630 15 ta 66
6
5 Da 66
24 BB0 30
i1
2 4 2 81
36
10
08
7
T
Order
96
Agaricaceae
Psathyrellaceae
Tubariaceae
Cortinariaceae
Physalacriaceae
Mycenaceae
Omphalotaceae
Marasmiaceae
Lyophyllaceae
Niaceae
Catathelasmataceae
Tricholomataceae
Entolomataceae
Amanitaceae
Pterulaceae
Clavariaceae
Hygrophoraceae
Stephanosporaceae
Boletaceae
Sclerodermataceae
Boletinellaceae
Paxillaceae
Coniophoraceae
Serpulaceae
Tapinellaceae
Mesophelliaceae
Hysterangiaceae
Gallaceaceae
Phallaceae
Claustulaceae
Geastraceae
Polyporaceae
Fomitopsidaceae
Irpicaceae
Phanerochaetaceae
Meruliaceae
Meripilaceae
Stereaceae
Lachnocladiaceae
Echinodontiaceae
Russulaceae
Albatrellaceae
Hymenochaetaceae
Dacrymycetaceae
Cuniculitremaceae
Bulleribasidiaceae
Trimorphomycetaceae
Tremellaceae
Cryptococcaceae
Trichosporonaceae
Tetragoniomycetaceae
Filobasidiaceae
Piskurozymaceae
Mrakiaceae
11 ch
c lom
29 Tri olo 31 eae ata
7
c m 2 C c
33 Tric holo atac Tric ata eae
0 T ho m ea ho the C
la a
lo a e
33 rich ma tace Leu lom sm llis
2 T olo ta ae co ata a tosp
v
m c
45
89 46 E 3 rich ata eae Corn pax ceae entr ori
En
il
tolo 4 Ento nto 13 T olom cea Tric eri lus De ico um
e
lo
7
mat E lom m rich ata Po holo ella alb nnis sum sp.
ac ntolo atac atac olo cea rp m ba oa io A AF
95 eae E mat ea eae mat e Pseolom a ae mb luta myc FTO TO
u
96 Ento nto acea e En Ento acea ud a p stua saruceu es sp L IDL ID
Ent lo lom e tocy lo e ob ort ns m s L .
75
9
m
a
R
D
m
e
a
ol
Pse 93
at
a er e n A T A BZ 14 7
p h b
ud Ent omat acea lute odocye tra kerm mo ospo tosu FTO DE S00 91 88 8
oc olom ac e isim b ch
lo ra m L D 08 6
lito
ea C
yo a m
2A
cy at e lito il e st sp nd a sp RE ID 54 2
3
man Am bace acea Clito cell is C ang ora ii G sp. . EC H5 49 62
itac anit ae e N pilu a m Her lian ZR Gat EC V5 788 7
5 A eae acea Clito olan s pr und mosi a N L2 es EV42 553
man Cat e Lim pa ea un ula lla Dam015 22 08
74 72 Ps
ul
xi
st
at
A
Ps
1
7
1
eu
2
ita
ri
ll
us
ra ac
4
F 0
eu
78
us
do A
Pseu docl clito man ceae ma co ella alexctior AF TOL01 1 0509 26
docl itocy cyba itace Lim
st de
an M TO ID 2 0 4
itocy bace ceae ae A acel aricenlicata dri onca L ID 52 8
bace ae M Har man lops
si Z AM lvo9 522 1
ita is gu s D T M B 18
6 10
us
ae
86
m
Po um maj
Pter
91
tta AO yc
ulac 92 Pter Pter gono ecia aea hauscari ta M M 215581221
ve
ul
lo
ea
a
54 e Aphaulacea aceae ma sp rmic rperi HK B 10 16638
Inoc
ul
T A 01
e
61 Cl
ybac noba MerulPterul inulos aris UR 17S618 57
avari
eae sidiu iciu a ec um LUG 30 88
64
acea
Inoc Aurit m pseu m fusiho A K M 1897 42
e Ca
ybac ella
sp FT 10
5
maro
au dotsu or OL 72
ea
65 Cl phyll 66 Inoc e Inoc reop gae Uum H ID 7186
op
62 Cl avariac sis hy ybaceaybe ja lumosa C 20 jm s/n 1
67
23
me
rr
69 Cl Clavari avariaceaeae Hodo noce e Inoc ahae PBM 153
avari
acea
e Cl
ph phala ybe PB 2212
63 Cla aceae Ra e Lame avaria ilus foe AFTOsp. ZTM 2207
8944
122 Hy
123 Hy variaceae mariopsilloclava zollingetens Ce L ID 18
gropho
gropho Clavul s avell ria peter ri AF ska110 92
raceae
TOL
30
an
rac
sen
ino
Neohy eae Po psis cor eo-inver ii SA ID 56 1
VF
3
sa
115 Hy grocybe rpolomops allino
rosace T TFB5 3493
gropho ovina
is
raceae GWG calyptrifo a PBM35712
113 Hyg
H
rophor 117 Hygro Gliophoru ovina Rh rmis EN 380
G
ace
osi
s
pho
119 Hyg ae Chromo raceae Hupsittacinu saf ABS3
s DE
rophorac sera cya
mid
118
eae Hyg nophyll icutis sp. N 25
846 Step Hygrophorac
a AFTO 3923
rocybe
eae
hano
L 168
845 Step sporaceae StepHygroaster albecoccinea DEN
4
hanospor
hanospor
llus
acea
a caroticolAFTOL 19913
844 Steph e Mayamontan
or KM2012 7
79 Pterulaceaanosporaceae a coccolobae Tle1
6
Cristinia
e
294
sp. FP
81 PterulaceaeRadulomyces copel
andii Dai100305
Radulotubu
77 Pseudoclitocyb 343 Typhulaceae Typhul s resupinatus Cui15061
a phacor
8383
aceae Pseudo
345 Amylocorticiacea clitocybe cyathiformis rhiza DSH96 059
AFTOL ID 1998
e
347 Amylocorticiaceae Amylocorticium cebennense HHB
Podoserpula ailaoshane
2808
nsis
642 Amylocorticiaceae
Anomoporia bombycina ZJL2015015
CFMR L 6240
350 Amylocorticiaceae Serpulomyces
borealis CFMR L 8014
641 Amylocorticiaceae Anomoloma albolute
scens CFMR L 6088
357 Atheliaceae Piloderma fallax S 12
352 Atheliaceae Leptosporomyces raunkiaerii HHB 7628
Family
refer to the positions of the mean stem age of classes,
orders and families respectively
from 172 to 260 Mya and families originated from 79 to
177 Mya.
There were also several well-supported lineages with
similar divergence times to those of families in Ustilaginomycotina, but they did not nest within any known family. They are two clades in Ustilaginales, one formed by
Farysia acheniorum/AS 2 3198, Farysizyma itapuensis/
BI120, Schizonella melanogramma/CBS174 42, Stegocintractia luzulae/MP2340 and Shivasia solida/H.U.V.17649
with a divergence time of 114 Mya, and another one
includes Moreaua bulbostylidis/56581 (M) with a divergence time of 114 Mya. One clade in Microstromatales
comprising Jaminaea angkoriensis/C5b and Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae/CBS 10858 had a divergence time of 98
Mya (Table 2).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
111
Table 1 Divergence times of estimated taxa in Basidiomycota
Subphylum
Class
Order (number of families in
this study/the total known families)
Families recognized
in this study
Agaricomycotina
Mean of stem age
in MCC tree (Mya)
406
Agaricomycetes
298
Agaricales (24/38)
136
Agaricaceae
125
Amanitaceae
125
Clavariaceae
125
Cortinariaceae
Entolomataceae
70
125
Hygrophoraceae
125
Hymenogastraceae
27
Mycenaceae
125
Niaceae
125
Omphalotaceae
71
Physalacriaceae
125
Psathyrellaceae
125
Stephanosporaceae
125
Tubariaceae
54
Amylocorticiales (1/1)
136
Amylocorticiaceae
Atheliales (1/1)
136
259
Atheliaceae
259
Auriculariaceae
259
259
Boletaceae
98
Auriculariales (2/2)
Boletales (12/16)
259
Boletinellaceae
98
Paxillaceae
98
Sclerodermataceae
38
Serpulaceae
98
Tapinellaceae
Cantharellales (1/6)
98
259
Hydnaceae
Corticiales (1/4)
259
259
Corticiaceae
Geastrales (1/2)
259
137
Geastraceae
Gloeophyllales (1/1)
137
259
Gloeophyllaceae
Gomphales (3/3)
Hymenochaetales (4/7)
259
108
259
Hymenochaetaceae
Hysterangiales (5/5)
124
108
Gallaceaceae
Mesophelliaceae
Jaapiales (1/1)
67
54
259
Jaapiaceae
259
Claustulaceae
77
Phallales (2/3)
108
123
112
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Table 1 (continued)
Subphylum
Class
Order (number of families in
this study/the total known families)
Families recognized
in this study
Mean of stem age
in MCC tree (Mya)
Phallaceae
77
Polyporales (8/18)
138
Fomitopsidaceae
88
Irpicaceae
Meruliaceae
62
81
Meripilaceae
106
Phanerochaetaceae
62
Polyporaceae
88
Russulales (7/9)
259
Albatrellaceae
134
Echinodontiaceae
70
Peniophoraceae
70
Russulaceae
97
Stereaceae
61
Sebacinales (2/2)
259
Sebacinaceae
Thelephorales (2/4)
259
138
Trechisporales (1/1)
259
Hydnodontaceae
Dacrymycetes
Dacrymycetales (2/2)
259
298
206
Cerinomycetaceae
Unilacrymales (1/1)
206
Unilacrymaceae
Tremellomycetes
341
Cystofilobasidiales (2/2)
303
Filobasidiales (2/2)
245
Filobasidiaceae
Piskurozymaceae
Holtermanniales (1/1)
149
210
Holtermanniaceae
Tremellales (11/12)
210
178
Bulleribasidiaceae
113
Cryptococcaceae
113
Cuniculitremaceae
Tremellaceae
120
156
Trichosporonales (2/2)
178
Trimorphomycetaceae
Pucciniomycotina
178
406
Agaricostilbomycetes
295
Agaricostilbales (4/4)
266
Agaricostilbaceae
180
Chionosphaeraceae
162
Kondoaceae
222
Ruineniaceae
198
Atractiellomycetes
383
Atractiellales (1/3)
383
Phleogenaceae
123
149
383
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
113
Table 1 (continued)
Subphylum
Class
Order (number of families in
this study/the total known families)
Families recognized
in this study
Classiculomycetes
Mean of stem age
in MCC tree (Mya)
383
Classiculales (1/1)
383
Classiculaceae
Cystobasidiomycetes
383
211
128
Cystobasidiales (1/1)
Cystobasidiaceae
Buckleyzymales (1/1)
128
128
Buckleyzymaceae
Erythrobasidiales (1/1)
128
128
Erythrobasidiaceae
Microbotryomycetes
83
286
incertae sedis (1/3)
Chrysozymaceae
Kriegeriales (1/1)
Kriegeriaceae
Microbotryales (3/3)
Leucosporidiales (1/1) (Syn. of
Microbotryales in this study)
156
–
–
156
Leucosporidiaceae
71
Microbotryaceae
42
Ustilentylomataceae
42
Sporidiobolales (1/1)
156
Sporidiobolaceae
Mixiomycetes
156
286
Mixiales (1/1)
286
Mixiaceae
Pucciniomycetes
286
383
Pucciniales (10/15)
275
Coleosporiaceae
84
Mikronegeriaceae
196
Phakopsoraceae
131
Phragmidiaceae
Pileolariaceae
119
–
Pucciniaceae
98
Raveneliaceae
131
Sphaerophragmiaceae
Platygloeales (2/2)
114
185
Eocronartiaceae
85
Platygloeaceae
85
Septobasidiales (1/1)
185
Septobasidiaceae
Helicobasidiales (1/1)
185
201
Helicobasidiaceae
Spiculogloeomycetes
201
211
Spiculogloeales (1/1)
211
Spiculogloeaceae
Tritirachiomycetes
211
295
Tritirachiales (1/1)
Tritirachiaceae
295
295
123
114
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Table 1 (continued)
Subphylum
Class
Order (number of families in
this study/the total known families)
Families recognized
in this study
Ustilaginomycotina
430
Exobasidiomycetes
–
Ceraceosorales (1/1)
260
Ceraceosoraceae
260
238
Quambalariaceae
71
Microstromatales (3/3)
Volvocisporiaceae
Tilletiales (2/2)
Erratomycetaceae
117
Tilletiaceae
117
185
Golubeviaceae
Robbauerales (1/1)
185
238
Robbaueraceae
Doassansiales (2/3)
238
–
Doassansiaceae
Rhamphosporaceae
Exobasidiales (4/5)
102
102
319
Brachybasidiaceae
Cryptobasidiaceae
130
211
Exobasidiaceae
161
Graphiolaceae
Georgefischeriales (3/4)
130
–
Gjaerumiaceae
120
Tilletiariaceae
79
Malasseziomycetes
–
Malasseziales (1/1)
–
Malasseziaceae
Moniliellomycetes
–
–
Moniliellales (1/1)
–
Moniliellaceae
Ustilaginomycetes
–
260
Ustilaginales (5/9)
204
Melanotaeniaceae
177
Ustilaginaceae
Websdaneaceae
114
150
Urocystidales (5/6)
204
Doassansiopsidaceae
123
Fereydouniaceae
123
Floromycetaceae
61
Glomosporiaceae
151
Urocystidaceae
61
Violaceomycetales (1/1)
172
Violaceomycetaceae
Uleiellales (1/1)
172
172
Uleiellaceae
Wallemiomycotina
98
185
Golubeviales (1/1)
172
430
Wallemiomycetes
123
Mean of stem age
in MCC tree (Mya)
430
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
115
Table 1 (continued)
Subphylum
Class
Order (number of families in
this study/the total known families)
Families recognized
in this study
Geminibasidiales (1/1)
Mean of stem age
in MCC tree (Mya)
258
Geminibasidiaceae
Wallemiales (1/1)
258
258
Wallemiaceae
258
‘‘–‘‘ refer to the families failed to be dated because of the unsupported PP values
Outline of Basidiomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota R.T. Moore 1980
Subphylum Agaricomycotina Doweld 2001
Class Agaricomycetes Doweld 2001
Order Agaricales Underw. 1899
Family Agaricaceae Chevall. 1826
Abstoma G. Cunn. 1926
Acutocapillitium P. Ponce de León 1976
Agaricus L. 1753
= Araneosa Long 1941
= Gyrophragmium Mont. 1843
= Hypophyllum Paulet 1793
= Longula Zeller 1945
= Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Pratella (Pers.) Gray 1821
Arachnion Schwein. 1822
= Scoleciocarpus Berk. 1843
Barcheria T. Lebel 2004
Battarrea Pers. 1801
= Dendromyces Libosch. 1810
= Sphaericeps Welw. & Curr. 1868
Battarreoides T. Herrera 1953
= Battarraeastrum R. Heim & T. Herrera 1960
Calvatiopsis Hollós 1929
Chamaemyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Drosella Maire 1935
= Lepiotella (E.-J. Gilbert) Konrad 1934
Chlamydopus Speg. 1898
Chlorolepiota Sathe & S.D. Deshp. 1979
Chlorophyllum Massee 1898
Clarkeinda Kuntze 1891
= Chitonia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1879
= Chitoniella Henn. 1898
= Chitonis Clem. 1909
Clavogaster Henn. 1896
Coniolepiota Vellinga 2011
Coprinus Pers. 1797
= Coprinusella (Peck) Zerov 1979
= Onchopus P. Karst. 1879
Crucispora E. Horak 1971
Cystolepiota Singer 1952
= Pulverolepiota Bon 1993
Dictyocephalos L.M. Underwood ex V.S. White
1901
= Battarreopsis Henn. 1902
= Whetstonia Lloyd 1906
Disciseda Czern. 1845
= Bovistina Long & Stouffer 1941
= Catastoma Morgan 1892
Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) Bon 1991
Endolepiotula Singer 1963
Eriocybe Vellinga 2011
Gasterellopsis Routien 1940
Glyptoderma R. Heim & Perr.-Bertr. 1971
Heinemannomyces Watling 1999
Hiatulopsis Singer & Grinling 1967
Holocotylon Lloyd 1906
Hymenagaricus Heinem. 1981
Janauaria Singer 1986
Japonogaster Kobayasi 1989
Lepiota (Pers.) Gray 1821
= Amogaster Castellano 1995
= Cribrospora Pacioni & P. Fantini 2000
= Cryptolepiota Kropp & Trappe 2012
= Fusispora Fayod 1889
= Lepiota P. Browne 1756
= Lepiotula (Maire) Locq. ex E. Horak 1968
= Morobia E. Horak 1979
Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer 1948
= Sericeomyces Heinem. 1978
Leucocoprinus Pat. 1888
= Mastocephalus Battarra ex Earle 1909
Lycoperdopsis Henn. 1900
Macrolepiota Singer 1948
= Lepiotella Rick 1938
= Volvolepiota Singer 1959
Melanophyllum Velen. 1921
= Chlorosperma Murrill 1922
= Chlorospora Massee 1898
= Glaucospora Rea 1922
Metrodia Raithelh. 1971
Micropsalliota Höhn. 1914
= Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas 1999
123
116
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
1018 Chionosphaeraceae Ballistosporomyces xanthus T AS 2.1957
970 Chionosphaeraceae Ballistosporomyces sasicola AS 2 1933
979 Chionosphaeraceae Cystobasidiopsis nirenbergiae T BBA65452
Chionosphaeraceae
971 Chionosphaeraceae Chionosphaera apobasidialis T CBS7430
975 Chionosphaeraceae Mycogloea nipponica CBS 11308
972 Chionosphaeraceae Kurtzmanomyces nectairei T AS 2 1950
974 Agaricostilbales Incertae sedis Jianyunia sakaguchii T JCM 10047
Agaricostilbales
968 Agaricostilbaceae Sterigmatomyces hyphaenes CBS 7811
969 Agaricostilbaceae Sterigmatomyces pulcherrimum f219
Agaricostilbaceae
967 Agaricostilbaceae Sterigmatomyces halophilus T CBS 4609
1.0(51)
0.9(101)
Origin of Subphyla
Origin of Class
Origin of Order
1.0(127)
0.9(51)
1.0(74)
1.0(162)
Origin of Family
Proposed Family
0.9(180)
1.0(45)
Agaricostilbomycetes
1.0(66)
1.0(198)
1.0(111)
1.0(222)
Tritirachiomycetes
1.
1.0(266)
1.0(182)
0.9(295)
1.0(173)
1.0(22)
1.0(36))
1.0(58)
Cystobasidiomycetes
0.9(128)
Spiculogloeomycetes
0.8(73)
1.0(
1.0(83)
1.
1.0(102)
0.9(137)
1
1.0(74)
1.0(157)
1.0(9)
0.8(211)
1.0(244)
1.0(55)
0.9(77)
1.0(84)
1.0(83)
0.8(337)
1.0(6)
1.0(42)
1.0(2)
0.9(91)
1.0(49)
0
0.9(71)
Microbotryomycetes
1.0(43)
0.8(156)
Mixiomycetes
1.0(32)
1.0(61)
1.0(188)
Atractiellomycetes
0.9(286)
1.0(144)
Classiculomycetes
0.9(174)
1.0(267)
1.0(72)
1.0(9)
0.8(75)
1.0(57)
0.8(93)
0.9(66)
1.0(31)
1.0(67)
0.9(89)
0.8(119)
0.9(67)
Pucciniomycotina
0.8(133)
1.0(27)
1.0(383)
1.0(44)
1.0(33)
1.0(84)
0.9(143)
1.0(23)
0.9(40)
1.0(69)
0.9(98)
1.0(114)
1.0(74)
0.9(129)
1.0(37)
1.0(174)
1.0(2)
0.9
0.9(108)
1)
0.9(131)
1.0(406)
1.0(196)
1.0(117)
Pucciniomycetes
1.0(227)
1.0(47)
1.0(101)
1.0(38)
1.0(275)
1.0(85))
0
0.9(64)
0.8(185)
1.0(81)
1.0(131)
1.0(201)
1.0(42)
1.0(39)
0.9(61)
50.0 Mya
1.0(85)
1.0(36)
966 Agaricostilbaceae Pseudobensingtonia ingoldii T JCM 7445
Ruineniaceae
978 Ruineniaceae Ruinenia rubra T AS 2.1958
976 Kondoaceae Bensingtonia ciliata T AS 2 1945
Kondoaceae
977 Kondoaceae Kondoa malvinella T AS 2 1946
973 Incertae sedis Mycogloea sp. TUBFO40962
1092 Tritirachiaceae Tritirachium roseum CBS 183 42
Tritirachiaceae/Tritirachiales
1093 Tritirachiaceae Paratritirachium curvibasidium DAOM 242439
988 Cystobasidiaceae Cystobasidium benthicum JCM 10901
990 Cystobasidiaceae Cystobasidium pallidum CBS 320
Cystobasidiaceae/Cystobasidiales
989 Cystobasidiaceae Cystobasidium fimetarium DB1489
991 Cystobasidiaceae Occultifur externus IGC4823
Buckleyzymaceae/Buckleyzymales
987 Buckleyzymaceae Buckleyzyma armeniaca T JCM 8977
993 Erythrobasidiaceae Bannoa bischofiae T JCM 10338
Erythrobasidioaceae
994 Erythrobasidiaceae Erythrobasidium hasegawianum T AS21923
Erythrobasidiales
996 Erythrobasidiales Incertae sedis Hasegawazyma lactosa T CBS 5826
992 Erythrobasidiales Incertae sedis Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola T SF264671
995 Erythrobasidiales Incertae sedis Cyrenella elegans T CBS 274 82
1017 Incertae sedis Sporobolomyces oryzicola CBS 7228
1000 Symmetrosporaceae Symmetrospora coprosmae JCM 8772
998 Incertae sedis Microsporomyces magnisporus T JCM11898 Microsporomycetaceae
Sakaguchiaceae/Sakaguchiales
999 Sakaguchiaceae Sakaguchia lamellibrachiae CBS 9598
Spiculogloeaceae /Spiculogloeales
980 Spiculogloeaceae Phyllozyma novozealandicus JCM 8756
Naohideaceae/Naohideales
997 Naohideaceae Naohidea sebacea T CBS 8477
1021 Chrysozymaceae Chrysozyma griseoflavus T JCM 5653
1020 Chrysozymaceae Bannozyma yamatoana T AS 2 1956
Chrysozymaceae/Incertae
sedis
1022 Chrysozymaceae Fellozyma inositophilus T JCM 5654
1023 Chrysozymaceae Hamamotoa singularis T JCM 5356
1027 Incertae sedis Pseudohyphozyma buffonii T JCM 3929
1029 Incertae sedis Slooffia tsugae T JCM 2960
1032 Incertae sedis Udeniozyma ferulica T JCM 8231
1025 Incertae sedis Glaciozyma martinii CBS10620
1004 Kriegeriaceae Meredithblackwellia eburnea T MCA4105
1002 Incertae sedis Colacogloea peniophorae CBS 684 93
Kriegeriaceae/Kriegeriales
1006 Kriegeriaceae Yamadamyces rosulata T CBS 10977
1005 Kriegeriaceae Phenoliferia psychrophenolica T CBS 10438
1026 Incertae sedis Oberwinklerozyma yarrowii T JCM 8232
1013 Ustilentylomataceae Ustilentyloma graminis AFTOL ID 674
Ustilentylomataceae
1012 Ustilentylomataceae Ustilentyloma fluitans RB 900
1011 Microbotryaceae Spha
SSphacelotheca
celotheca hydropiperis
hy
h dropiperis T CBS 179 24
Microbotryaceae
1009 Microbotryaceae Microbotryum reticulatum RB 2057
1028 Microbotryomycetes Incertae sedis Sampaiozyma ingeniosa T JCM 9031
Microbotryales
1024 Microbotryomycetes Incertae sedis Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum CBS9091
1007 Leucosporidiaceae Leucosporidium intermedium IGC 5340T
Leucosporidiaceae
1008 Leucosporidiaceae Leucosporidium scottii T CBS 5930
1034 Incertae sedis Yunzhangia auriculariae T JCM 1597
1001 Heterogastridiaceae Heterogastridium pycnidioideum T TUB F76
1003 Heterogastridiaceae Pycnopulvinus aurantiacus T MCA2548 Heterogastridiaceae/Heterogastridiales
1019 Incertae sedis Rhodotorula glutinis T JCM 8208
1016 Sporidiobolaceae Rhodotorula diobovata JCM 3787
Sporidiobolaceae /Sporidiobolales
1015 Sporidiobolaceae Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus JCM 11251
1031 Microbotryomycetes Incertae sedis Trigonosporomyces hylophilus T JCM 1805
1030 Microbotryomycetes Incertae sedis Spencerozyma crocea T CBS 2029
1033 Microbotryomycetes Incertae sedis Vonarxula javanica T JCM 9032
1035 Mixiaceae Mixia osmundae T IAM14511
Mixiaceae/Mixiales
984 Phleogenaceae Phleogena faginea AFTOL ID 1889
982 Phleogenaceae Platygloea vestita TUB FO39734
981 Phleogenaceae Helicogloea lagerheimii T DB 1025
Phleogenaceae/Atractiellales
985 Phleogenaceae Proceropycnis hameedii PMI 927 T
983 Phleogenaceae Atractiella solani TUB F107
986 Classiculaceae Classicula fluitans T ATCC 64713
Classiculaceae/Classiculales
1054 Phragmidiaceae Phragmidium punjabense T ISL 10509
1050 Phragmidiaceae Phragmidium sp. WM 1024
1069 Phragmidiaceae Triphragmium ulmariae T WM 1027
1053 Phragmidiaceae Kuehneola uredinis AFTOL ID 987
Phragmidiaceae
1052 Phragmidiaceae Hamaspora acutissima BRIP55606
1055 Phragmidiaceae Trachyspora intrusa BPI 84328
1051 Phragmidiaceae Gymnoconia peckiana AFTOL ID 1630
1084 Uropyxidaceae Tranzschelia arthurii MCA4540
1079 Uropyxidaceae Leucotelium cerasi T KR M 0037198
1081 Uropyxidaceae Ochropsora ariae KR M 42604
1070 Raveneliaceae Diorchidium woodii T ZT Myc 582
1057 Pileolariaceae Uromycladium fusisporum BRIP 57526
1056 Pileolariaceae Pileolaria toxicodendri AFTOL ID 988
Pileolariaceae
1059 Pileolariaceae Allodus podophylli T BPI 842277
1045 Coleosporiaceae Coleosporium asterum TDB1464
1044 Coleosporiaceae Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli AFTOL ID 442
Coleosporiaceae
1047 Coleosporiaceae Endocronartium harknessii AFTOL ID 456
1046 Coleosporiaceae Cronartium ribicola TDB27354
1065 Pucciniastraceae Hyalopsora polypodii DB 1681
1067 Pucciniastraceae Hyalopsora polypodii PDD 71999
1048 Melampsoraceae Melampsora lini 5261
1066 Pucciniastraceae Pucciniastrum goeppertianum TDB1497
1064 Pucciniaceae Uromyces appendiculatus AFTOL ID 976
1060 Pucciniaceae Cumminsiella mirabilissima BPI 871101
1085 Pucciniaceae Aecidium kalanchoes BPI 843633
Pucciniaceae
1063 Pucciniaceae Puccinia hordei AFTOL ID 1402
1077 Pucciniaceae Sphenospora kevorkianii BPI 863558
1080 Pucciniaceae Macruropyxis fraxini T ZT Myc 56551
1073 Raveneliaceae Nyssopsora thwaitesii AMH9528
1088 Sphaerophragmiaceae Sphenorchidium xylopiae T NYsn248
Sphaerophragmiaceae
1078 Sphaerophragmiaceae Dasyspora amazonica BPI0116382
1076 Sphaerophragmiaceae Sphaerophragmium acaciae T BRIP56910
1068 Sphaerophragmiaceae Dietelia duguetiae PUR 87978
1058 Pucciniaceae Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae AFTOL ID 712
1062 Pucciniaceae Gymnosporangium huanglongense BJFC R01985
1074 Raveneliaceae Racospermyces koae MCA2961
Raveneliaceae
1071 Raveneliaceae Endoraecium acaciae T BPI 871098
1072 Raveneliaceae Kernkampella breyniae BRIP56909
1049 Phakopsoraceae Phakopsora myrtacearum PREM 61155
Phakopsoraceae
1075 Raveneliaceae Ravenelia acaciaepennatulae U115
1083 Uropyxidaceae Prospodium lippiae AFTOL ID 1401
1082 Uropyxidaceae Porotenus biporus ZT Myc 3414
1043 Mikronegeriaceae Maravalia cryptostegiae BRIP56898
1087 Mikronegeriaceae Hemileia vastatrix T BRIP 61233
Mikronegeriaceae
1061 Mikronegeriaceae Cystopsora notelaeae BRIP 58325
1086 Pucciniales Incertae sedis Caeoma torreyae U1168 U808
1039 Eocronartiaceae Eocronartium muscicola MIN796447
Eocronartiaceae
1040 Eocronartiaceae Jola cf. javensis DJM739
Platygloeales
1041 Platygloeaceae Insolibasidium deformans T AFTOL ID 722
Platygloeaceae
1042 Platygloeaceae Platygloea disciformis AFTOL ID 710
1090 Septobasidiaceae Auriculoscypha anacardiicola T AFTOL ID 1885
1089 Septobasidiaceae Septobasidium canescens DUKEDAH323
Septobasidiaceae/Septobasidiales
1091 Septobasidiaceae Uredinella coccidiophaga T DUKEDAH217c
1037 Helicobasidiaceae Tuberculina maxima CBS 137 66
Helicobasidiaceae /Helicobasidiales
1036 Helicobasidiaceae Helicobasidium mompa CBS 278 51
Trichosporonaceae Effuseotrichosporon vanderwaltii CBS 12124
Trichosporonaceae Vanrija musci T CBS 8899
Trichosporonaceae Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum T CBS 2466
Outgroup
Trichosporonaceae Trichosporon aquatile CBS 5973
Trichosporonaceae Trichosporon inkin T CBS 5585
Trichosporonaceae Haglerozyma chiarellii T CBS 11177
Silurian
Devonian
400
123
Carboniferous
Permian
300
Triassic
Jurassic
200
Cretaceous
100
Pucciniales
Cenozoic
0 (Mya)
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
117
Montagnea Fr. 1836
Mycenastrum Desv. 1842
= Endonevrum Czern. 1845
Neosecotium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Panaeolopsis Singer 1969
Phellorinia Berk. 1843
= Areolaria Kalchbr. 1884
= Cyphellomyces Speg. 1906
b Fig. 3 Maximum Clade Credibility tree of Pucciniomycotina based
on LSU, SSU, rpb1, rpb2, 5.8 s and ef1 genes with the Agaricomycotina as outgroup. Posterior probabilities which equal to or greater
than 0.8 are annotated at the internodes. The 95% highest posterior
density of divergence time estimates are marked by horizontal bars.
refer to the positions of the
The coloured dots
mean stem age of subphyla, classes, orders, families and potentially
new families respectively
1.0(19)
Origin of Subphyla
Origin of Class
Origin of Order
Origin of Family
Proposed Family
Proposed Order
1.0(27)
1.0(23)
1.0(55)
0.9(36)
1.0(30)
1.0(74)
1.0(36)
1.0(32)
1.0(2)
1.0(7)
0.9(114)
1.0(24)
1.0(48)
1.0(26)
0.9(63)
1.0(150)
1.0(177)
0.9(12)
0.8(22)
1.0(29)
Ustilaginomycetes
1.0(204)
0.9(40)
1.0(61)
1.0(38)
1.0(248)
0.8(123)
1.0(151)
Moniliellomycetes
Malasseziomycetes
0.8(260)
1.0(172))
1.0(8)
0.9(71)
1.0(20)
1.0(98)
1.0(64)
1.0(117)
1.0(238)
1.0(185)
Ustilaginomycotina
1.0(44)
1.0(79)
1.0(120)
1.0(319)
1.0(102)
50Mya
1.0(87)
1.0(130)
1.0(430)
1.0(161)
1.0(78)
1.0(211)
Wallemiomycotina
1.0(1)
1.0(31)
1.0(128)
1.0(258)
Ordovician
500
Silurian
Devonian
400
Carboniferous
Permian
300
Triassic
Jurassic
200
Cretaceous
100
Fig. 4 Maximum Clade Credibility tree of Ustilaginomycotina based
on LSU, SSU, rpb1, rpb2, 5.8 s and ef1 genes with Pucciniomycotina
as the outgroup. Posterior probabilities which equal to or greater than
0.8 are annotated at the internodes. The 95% highest posterior density
of divergence time estimates are marked by horizontal bars. The
Ustilaginaceae
Ustilaginales
Websdaneaceae
Melanotaeniaceae
Urocystidaceae
Urocystidales
Floromycetaceae
Fereydouniaceae
Doassansiopsidaceae
Glomosporiaceae
Uleiellaceae /Uleiellales
Violaceomycetaceae /Violaceomycetales
Ceraceosoraceae /Ceraceosorales
Moniliellaceae /Moniliellales
Malasseziaceae/Malasseziales
Quambalariaceae
Microstromatales
Volvocisporiaceae
Tilletiaceae
Tilletiales
Erratomycetaceae
Golubeviaceae/Golubeviales
Robbaueraceae/Robbauerales
Tilletiariaceae
Georgefischeriales
Gjaerumiaceae
Doassansiaceae
Rhamphosporaceae
Doassansiales
Exobasidiomycetes
0.9(95)
1168 Ustilaginaceae Sporisorium reilianum CBS131460
1159 Ustilaginaceae Anthracocystis pampara JCM 2007
1160 Ustilaginaceae Franzpetrakia microstegii T HUV 21217
1169 Ustilaginaceae Stollia ewartii T BRIP51818
1171 Ustilaginaceae Triodiomyces altilis T BRIP52543
1164 Ustilaginaceae Moesziomyces bullatus T CBS 425.34
1163 Ustilaginaceae Macalpinomyces eriachnes T CBS 131454
1155 Ustilaginaceae Melanopsichium pennsylvanicum HUV 17548
1173 Ustilaginaceae Ustilago hordei T CBS131470
1161 Ustilaginaceae Kalmanozyma fusiformata CBS 6951
1162 Ustilaginaceae Langdonia aristidae HUV 19145
1166 Ustilaginaceae Pseudozyma prolifica T CBS 319.87
1172 Ustilaginaceae Tubisorus pachycarpus T HUV 21891
1158 Ustilaginaceae Anomalomyces panici T BRIP46421
1165 Ustilaginaceae Pattersoniomyces tillandsiae T UFMG-CM-Y1455
1170 Ustilaginaceae Tranzscheliella williamsii CBS 131475
1145 Anthracoideaceae Leucocintractia aff. leucodermoides AFTOL-ID 1642
1152 Anthracoideaceae Ustanciosporium gigantosporum HRK023
1150 Anthracoideaceae Tolyposporium junci T HUV17168
1144 Anthracoideaceae Heterotolyposporium piluliforme HUV 15732
1142 Anthracoideaceae Cintractia limitata HAJB 10488
1153 Dermatosoraceae Dermatosorus cyperi HUV15991
1149 Anthracoideaceae Testicularia cyperi T MCA3645
1151 Anthracoideaceae Trichocintractia utriculicola T MP 2075
1143 Anthracoideaceae Farysia acheniorum AS 2 3198
1154 Anthracoideaceae Farysizyma itapuensis T BI120
1147 Anthracoideaceae Schizonella melanogramma T CBS174 42
1148 Anthracoideaceae Stegocintractia luzulae T MP2340
1167 Ustilaginaceae Shivasia solida T H.U.V. 17649
1146 Anthracoideaceae Moreaua bulbostylidis 56581 (M)
1174 Websdaneaceae Websdanea lyginiae T HUV 17900
1156 Melanotaeniaceae Melanotaenium euphorbiae T HUV17733
1141 Urocystidaceae Vankya ornithogali T TUB015993
1136 Urocystidaceae Urocystis eranthidis hmk292
1140 Urocystidaceae Ustacystis waldsteiniae T FO 38439(TUB)
1138 Urocystidaceae Melanoxa oxalidis T HUV1436
1137 Urocystidaceae Flamingomyces ruppiae T TUB012165
1139 Urocystidaceae Mundkurella kalopanacis HUV16732
1134 Floromycetaceae Floromyces anemarrhenae T HUV 21482
1133 Floromycetaceae Antherospora hortensis KR ml1645
1132 Fereydouniaceae Fereydounia khargensis T IBRCM30116
1131 Doassansiopsidaceae Doassansiopsis limnocharidis HUV 15198
1135 Glomosporiaceae Thecaphora spilanthis JAG53
1157 Uleiellaceae Uleiella chilensis TUB 020322
1130 Violaceomycetaceae Violaceomyces palustris T SA 807
1096 Ceraceosoraceae Ceraceosorus bombacis T ATCC22867
1129 Moniliellaceae Moniliella acetoabutens T CBS 169 66
1128 Malasseziaceae Malassezia restricta CBS 7877
1119 incertae sedis Pseudomicrostroma glucosiphilum MCA4718
1120 Microstromataceae Microstroma juglandis CBS287 63
1122 Quambalariaceae Quambalaria cyanescens CBS876 73
1118 incertae sedis Jaminaea angkoriensis T C5b
1121 Microstromataceae Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae CBS 10858
1123 Volvocisporiaceae Volvocisporium triumfetticola T RB 2070 (TUB)
1126 Tilletiaceae Conidiosporomyces ayresii T HUV 15197
1127 Tilletiaceae Tilletia goloskokovii LMC 321
1125 Erratomycetaceae Erratomyces patelii T MP 1991 (M)
1117 Golubeviaceae Golubevia pallescens T CBS364 85 T
1124 Robbaueraceae Robbauera albescens T CBS608 83 T
1116 Tilletiariaceae Tilletiaria anomala T CBS 436.72
1115 Tilletiariaceae Phragmotaenium derxii CBS 110078
1113 Georgefischeriaceae Gjaerumia minor CBS 543.50
1112 Georgefischeriaceae Georgefischeria riveae T HUV 15614
1114 Gjaerumiaceae Gjaerumia minor CBS 543.50
1099 Entylomataceae Tilletiopsis washingtonensis T CBS544 50 T
1097 Doassansiaceae Doassansia hygrophilae HUV 15474
1098 Rhamphosporaceae Rhamphospora nymphaeae T CBS72 38
1100 Entylomataceae Entyloma calendulae CBS 746.85
1102 Brachybasidiaceae Meira geulakonigii T CBS 436.72
1101 Brachybasidiaceae Dicellomyces scirpi RB 1032 (TUB)
1110 Graphiolaceae Graphiola phoenicis T FO 29350 (TUB)
1108 Exobasidiaceae Exobasidium gracile AFTOL-ID 1643
1107 Exobasidiaceae Exobasidium rhododendri CBS 101457
1105 Cryptobasidiaceae Laurobasidium lauri T MAFF238665
1104 Cryptobasidiaceae Acaromyces ingoldii T CBS 110050
1106 Cryptobasidiaceae Clinoconidium sawadae R. Kirschner 4219
1176 Geminibasidiaceae Geminibasidium donsium T DAOM241966
1175 Geminibasidiaceae Basidioascus undulatus T CBS133763
1177 Wallemiaceae Wallemia ichthyophaga T EXF994 and 1059
Pucciniaceae Uromyces appendiculatus
Kondoacea Kondoa malvinella T
Brachybasidiaceae
Graphiolaceae
Exobasidiaceae
Exobasidiales
Cryptobasidiaceae
Geminibasidiaceae /Geminibasidiales
Wallemiaceae /Wallemiales
Outgroup
Cenozoic
0 (Mya)
coloured dots
refer to the positions of the
mean stem age of subphyla, classes, orders, families, and potentially
new families and orders respectively
123
118
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Table 2 Estimated numbers for taxa in Basidiomycota
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Order
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycotina
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Family
number
Genus
number
Species
number
241
1928
41270
150
1514
30788
128
1434
30143
38
508
17291
Amylocorticiales
1
10
44
Atheliales
1
20
102
2
16
41
141
318
2022
Auriculariales
Boletales
Cantharellales
6
37
589
Corticiales
4
26
115
Geastrales
2
9
154
Gloeophyllales
1
13
48
Gomphales
3
20
410
Hymenochaetales
7
80
1205
Hysterangiales
5
20
133
Jaapiales
1
1
2
Lepidostromatales
1
3
11
Phallales
3
34
139
Polyporales
18
285
2544
Russulales
9
98
4436
Sebacinales
3
9
46
Stereopsidales
Thelephorales
1
4
1
17
15
321
Trechisporales
1
16
118
Tremellodendropsidales
1
1
8
44
72
3
12
146
Dacrymycetales
2
11
145
Unilacrymales
1
1
1
19
68
499
Cystofilobasidiales
2
7
29
Filobasidiales
2
7
51
Holtermanniales
1
2
13
12
39
336
2
10
61
incertae sedis
Dacrymycetes
Tremellomycetes
Tremellales
Trichosporonales
3
9
49
270
8653
Agaricostilbales
4
4
13
13
56
56
3
10
58
Atractiellales
3
10
58
1
2
4
Classiculales
1
2
4
1
2
2
Cryptomycocolacales
1
2
2
8
13
62
Buckleyzymales
1
1
5
Cystobasidiales
1
2
29
incertae sedis
Pucciniomycotina
Agaricostilbomycetes
Atractiellomycetes
Classiculomycetes
Cryptomycocolacomycetes
Cystobasidiomycetes
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
119
Table 2 (continued)
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Order
Family
number
Genus
number
Species
number
Erythrobasidiales
1
5
11
Naohideales
1
1
1
Sakaguchiales
1
1
5
incertae sedis
2
9
3
42
11
284
Microbotryomycetes
Heterogastridiales
1
3
2
Kriegeriales
1
4
7
Leucosporidiales
1
1
11
Microbotryales
2
8
170
Sporidiobolales
1
4
39
incertae sedis
3
22
55
1
1
1
Mixiales
1
1
1
Mixiomycetes
Pucciniomycetes
20
180
8168
Helicobasidiales
1
2
32
Pachnocybales
1
1
1
Platygloeales
2
9
26
15
162
8105
Septobasidiales
1
1
6
2
4
12
Spiculogloeales
1
2
12
1
2
2
Tritirachiales
1
2
2
3
4
42
128
1805
Pucciniales
Spiculogloeomycetes
Tritirachiomycetes
incertae sedis
Ustilaginomycotina
Exobasidiomycetes
21
56
588
Ceraceosorales
1
1
3
Doassansiales
3
13
40
Entylomatales
1
2
170
Exobasidiales
5
17
102
Georgefischeriales
4
7
43
Golubeviales
1
1
1
Microstromatales
3
7
37
Robbauerales
1
1
1
Tilletiales
2
1
7
1
191
21
Malasseziales
1
1
21
1
1
11
Moniliellales
1
1
11
1185
Malasseziomycetes
Moniliellomycetes
Ustilaginomycetes
17
70
Uleiellales
1
1
3
Urocystidales
6
13
274
Ustilaginales
9
53
905
Violaceomycetales
1
incertae sedis
Wallemiomycotina
Wallemiomycetes
Geminibasidiales
1
1
2
2
2
4
12
2
4
12
1
2
2
123
120
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Table 2 (continued)
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Order
Family
number
Wallemiales
incertae sedis
incertae sedis
= Xylopodium Mont. 1845
Phyllogaster Pegler 1969
Podaxis Desv. 1809
= Catachyon (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Fr. 1832
= Cauloglossum Grev. ex Fr. 1829
= Chainoderma Massee 1890
= Schweinitzia Grev. 1823
Pseudoauricularia Kobayasi 1982
Pseudolepiota Z.W. Ge 2017
Queletia Fr. 1872
Rugosospora Heinem. 1973
Schinzinia Fayod 1889
Schizostoma Ehrenb. ex Lév. 1846
Singerina Sathe & S.D. Deshp. 1981
Smithiogaster J.E. Wright 1975
Smithiomyces Singer 1944
Termiticola E. Horak 1979
Tulostoma Pers. 1794
= Tulasnodea Fr. 1849
Xanthagaricus (Heinem.) Little Flower, Hosag. &
T.K. Abraham 1997
Xerocoprinus Maire 1907
Family Amanitaceae E.-J. Gilbert 1940
Amanita Pers. 1797
= Agaricus Raf. 1830
= Amanitaria E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Amanitina E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Amanitella Earle 1909
= Amanitopsis Roze 1876
= Amarrendia Bougher & T. Lebel 2002
= Amidella E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Amplariella E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Ariella E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert 1940
= Boletium Clem. 1909
= Lepidella E.-J. Gilbert 1925
= Leucomyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Pseudofarinaceus Battarra ex Kuntze 1891
= Saproamanita Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel &
Contu 2016
= Torrendia Bres. 1902
= Vaginaria Forq. 1886
= Vaginarius Roussel 1806
= Vaginata Nees ex Gray 1821
= Volvella E.-J. Gilbert & Beeli 1940
123
1
Genus
number
Species
number
1
8
1
2
12
12
= Volvoamanita (Beck) E. Horak 1968
= Volvoboletus Henn. 1898
Catatrama Franco-Mol. 1991
Limacella Earle 1909
= Amanitella Maire 1913
Limacellopsis Zhu L. Yang, Q. Cai & Y.Y. Cui
2018
Zhuliangomyces Redhead 2019
= Myxoderma Fayod ex Kühner 1926
Family Bolbitiaceae Singer 1948
Agrogaster D.A. Reid 1986
Bolbitius Fr. 1838
= Pluteolus (Fr.) Gillet 1876
Conocybe Fayod 1889
= Gastrocybe Watling 1968
= Pseudoconocybe Hongo 1967
= Raddetes P. Karst. 1887
Cyttarophyllopsis R. Heim 1968
Descolea Singer 1952
= Descomyces Bougher & Castellano 1993
= Hymenangium Klotzsch 1839
= Pseudodescolea Raithelh. 1980
= Setchelliogaster Pouzar 1958
= Timgrovea G. Cunn. 1993
Galerella Earle 1909
Galeropsis Velen. 1930
= Cyttarophyllum (R. Heim) Singer 1936
= Psammomyces Lebedeva 1932
Gymnoglossum Massee 1891
Pholiotina Fayod 1889
Ptychella Roze & Boud. 1879
Rhodoarrhenia Singer 1964
Tubariella E. Horak & Hauskn. 2002
Tubariopsis R. Heim 1931
Tympanella E. Horak 1971
Wielandomyces Raithelh. 1988
Family Broomeiaceae Zeller 1948
Broomeia Berk. 1844
Family Biannulariaceae Jülich 1981
= Catathelasmataceae Wasser 1985
Anupama K.N.A. Raj, K.P.D. Latha & Manim.
2019
Callistosporium Singer 1944
Catathelasma Lovejoy 1910
= Biannularia Beck 1922
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Guyanagarika Sánchez-Garcı́a, T.W. Henkel &
Aime 2016
Macrocybe Pegler & Lodge 1998
Pleurocollybia Singer 1947
Pseudolaccaria Vizzini, Contu & Z.W. Ge 2015
Family Chromocyphellaceae Knudsen 2010
Chromocyphella De Toni & Levi 1888
= Cymbella Pat. 1886
= Phaeocarpus Pat. 1887
= Phaeocyphella Pat. 1900
= Phaeocyphella Speg. 1909
Phaeosolenia Speg. 1902
Family Clavariaceae Chevall. 1826
Camarophyllopsis Herink 1958
= Hygrotrama Singer 1959
Clavaria Vaill. ex L. 1753
= Clavaria P. Micheli 1729
= Holocoryne (Fr.) Bonord. 1851
= Stichoclavaria Ulbr. 1928
Clavicorona Doty 1947
Clavulinopsis Overeem 1923
= Donkella Doty 1950
= Ramaria Holmsk. 1790
Hirticlavula J.H. Petersen & Læssøe 2014
Hodophilus R. Heim 1958
Hyphodontiella Å. Strid 1975
Lamelloclavaria Birkebak & Adamčı́k 2016
Ramariopsis (Donk) Corner 1950
Setigeroclavula R.H. Petersen 1988
Family Cortinariaceae R. Heim ex Pouzar 1983
Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray 1821
= Bulbopodium Earle 1909
= Cereicium Locq. 1979
= Cuphocybe R. Heim 1951
= Cyanicium Locq. 1979
= Cystocybe Velen. 1921
= Dermocybe (Fr.) Wünsche 1877
= Gomphos Kuntze 1891
= Hydrocybe (Fr. ex Rabenh.) Wünsche 1877
= Hydrocybium Earle 1909
= Hydrotelamonia Rob. Henry 1957
= Hygramaricium Locq. 1979
= Hygromyxacium Locq. 1979
= Inoloma (Fr.) Wünsche 1877
= Locellina Gillet 1876
= Meliderma Velen. 1920
= Myxacium (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Myxopholis Locq. 1979
= Phlegmacium (Fr.) Wünsche 1877
= Raphanozon P. Kumm. 1871
= Rapacea E. Horak 1999
= Rozites P. Karst. 1879
121
=
=
=
=
=
=
Sericeocybe Rob. Henry 1993
Sphaerotrachys Fayod 1889
Squamaphlegma Locq. 1979
Telamonia (Fr.) Wünsche 1877
Thaxterogaster Singer 1951
Volvigerum (E. Horak & M.M. Moser) R. Heim
1966
= Weinzettlia Velen. 1921
Protoglossum Massee 1891
= Cortinomyces Bougher & Castellano 1993
Pyrrhoglossum Singer 1944
Quadrispora Bougher & Castellano 1993
Stephanopus M.M. Moser & E. Horak 1975
Family Crassisporiaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & M.
Marchetti 2019
Crassisporium Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini
2014
Romagnesiella Contu, Matheny, P.-A. Moreau,
Vizzini & A. de Haan 2014
Family Crepidotaceae (S. Imai) Singer 1951
Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Calathinus Quél. 1886
= Cyphellathelia Jülich 1972
= Dochmiopus Pat. 1887
= Octojuga Fayod 1889
= Phaeoglabrotricha W.B. Cooke 1961
= Phaeomyces E. Horak 2005
= Phialocybe P. Karst. 1879
= Pleurotellus Fayod 1889
= Tremellastrum Clem. 1909
= Tremellopsis Pat. 1903
Episphaeria Donk 1962
Nanstelocephala Oberw. & R.H. Petersen 1990
Pellidiscus Donk 1959
Pleuroflammula Singer 1946
Simocybe P. Karst. 1879
= Ramicola Velen. 1929
Family Cyphellaceae Lotsy 1907
Asterocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961
Campanophyllum Cifuentes & R.H. Petersen 2003
Catilla Pat. 1915
Cheimonophyllum Singer 1955
Chondrostereum Pouzar 1959
Cunninghammyces Stalpers 1985
Cyphella Fr. 1822
= Dendrocyphella Petch 1922
Gloeocorticium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1986
Gloeostereum S. Ito & S. Imai 1933
Granulobasidium Jülich 1979
Hyphoradulum Pouzar 1987
Incrustocalyptella Agerer 1983
123
122
Phaeoporotheleum (W.B. Cooke) W.B. Cooke
1961
Seticyphella Agerer 1983
Sphaerobasidioscypha Agerer 1983
Thujacorticium Ginns 1988
Family Cystostereaceae Jülich 1982
Cericium Hjortstam 1995
Crustomyces Jülich 1978
Cystidiodontia Hjortstam 1983
Cystostereum Pouzar 1959
Parvobasidium Jülich 1975
Parvodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004
Rigidotubus J. Song, Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui 2018
Family Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar 1972
Clitocella Kluting, T.J. Baroni & Bergemann 2014
Clitopilopsis Maire 1937
Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Hexajuga Fayod 1889
= Orcella Battarra ex Clem. 1896
Entocybe T.J. Baroni, V. Hofst. & Largent 2011
Entoloma P. Kumm. 1871
= Alboleptonia Largent & R.G. Benedict 1970
= Arenicola Velen. 1947
= Calliderma (Romagn.) Largent 1994
= Claudopus Gillet 1876
= Eccilia (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Fibropilus (Noordel.) Largent 1994
= Inocephalus (Noordel.) P.D. Orton 1991
= Inopilus (Romagn.) Pegler 1983
= Latzinaea Kuntze 1891
= Leptonia (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Leptoniella Earle 1909
= Nigropogon Coker & Couch 1928
= Nolanea (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Omphaliopsis (Noordel.) P.D. Orton 1991
= Paraeccilia Largent 1994
= Paraleptonia (Romagn. ex Noordel.) P.D. Orton
1991
= Pouzarella Mazzer 1976
= Pouzaromyces Pilát 1953
= Rhodocybella T.J. Baroni & R.H. Petersen 1987
= Rhodogaster E. Horak 1964
= Rhodophyllus Quél. 1886
= Richoniella Costantin & L.M. Dufour 1900
= Trichopilus (Romagn.) P.D. Orton 1991
Rhodocybe Maire 1926
Rhodophana Kühner 1971
Family Hemigasteraceae Gäum. & C.W. Dodge 1928
Hemigaster Juel 1895
Family Hydnangiaceae Gäum. & C.W. Dodge 1928
Hydnangium Wallr. 1839
Laccaria Berk. & Broome 1883
= Russuliopsis J. Schröt. 1889
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Maccagnia Mattir. 1922
Podohydnangium G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.
Young 1984
Family Hygrophoraceae Lotsy 1907
Acantholichen P.M. Jørg. 1998
Aeruginospora Höhn. 1908
Ampulloclitocybe Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo &
Vilgalys 2002
= Clavicybe Harmaja 2002
Aphroditeola Redhead & Manfr. Binder 2013
Arrhenia Fr. 1849
= Boehmia Raddi 1806
= Corniola Gray 1821
= Dictyolus Quél. 1886
= Geotus Pilát & Svrček 1953
= Leptotus P. Karst. 1879
Cantharellula Singer 1936
Cantharocybe H.E. Bigelow & A.H. Sm. 1973
Chromosera Redhead, Ammirati & Norvell 1995
Chrysomphalina Clémençon 1982
= Chrysobostrychodes G. Kost 1985
Cora Fr. 1825
= Wainiocora Tomas. 1950
Corella Vain. 1890
Cuphophyllus (Donk) Bon 1985
= Dermolomopsis Vizzini 2012
Cyphellostereum D.A. Reid 1965
Dictyonema C. Agardh ex Kunth 1822
= Coraemyces Cif. & Tomas. 1954
= Dichonema Blume & T. Nees 1826
= Dictyonematomyces Cif. & Tomas. 1954
= Gyrolophium Kunze ex Krombh. 1831
= Laudatea Johow 1884
= Rhipidonematomyces Cif. & Tomas. 1954
= Rhizonema Thwaites 1849
Eonema Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey 2009
Gliophorus Herink 1958
Haasiella Kotl. & Pouzar 1966
Humidicutis (Singer) Singer 1959
Hygroaster Singer 1955
Hygrocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Bertrandia R. Heim 1936
= Bertrandia R. Heim 1966
= Godfrinia Maire 1902
= Hydrophorus Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Pseudohygrocybe (Bon) Kovalenko 1988
Hygrophorus Fr. 1836
= Camarophyllus (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Limacium (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. 1871
Lichenomphalia Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo &
Vilgalys 2002
= Botrydiopsis Trevis. 1845
= Coriscium Vain. 1890
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Phalomia Nieuwl. 1916
= Phytoconis Bory 1797
Neohygrocybe Herink 1958
Porpolomopsis Bresinsky 2008
Pseudoarmillariella Singer 1956
Semiomphalina Redhead 1984
Sinohygrocybe C.Q. Wang, Ming Zhang & T.H. Li
2018
Family Hymenogastraceae Vittad. 1831
Anamika K.A. Thomas, Peintner, M.M. Moser &
Manim. 2002
Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
Galerina Earle 1909
= Galerula P. Karst. 1879
= Pseudogalera Velen. 1947
= Phaeogalera Kühner 1973
= Pholidotopsis Earle 1909
Gymnopilus P. Karst. 1879
Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Hebelomatis Earle 1909
= Hebelomina Maire 1935
= Myxocybe Fayod 1889
= Picromyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
Hymenogaster Vittad. 1831
= Dendrogaster Bucholtz 1901
= Fechtneria Velen. 1939
= Hysterogaster C.W. Dodge 1928
= Radiogaster Lloyd 1924
= Rhizopogoniella Soehner 1953
= Roumeguerites P. Karst. 1879
= Sarcoloma Locq. 1979
Naucoria (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Alnicola Kühner 1926
Phaeocollybia R. Heim 1931
= Quercella Velen. 1921
Psathyloma Soop, J.A. Cooper & Dima 2016
Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Delitescor Earle 1909
= Naematoloma P. Karst. 1879
= Stropholoma (Singer) Balletto 1989
= Weraroa Singer 1958
Family Inocybaceae Jülich 1982
Auritella Matheny & Bougher 2006
Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. 1863
= Agmocybe Earle 1909
= Astrosporina J. Schröt. 1889
= Astrosporina S. Imai 1938
= Clypeus (Britzelm.) Fayod 1889
= Inocibium Earle 1909
= Inocybella Zerova 1974
Tubariomyces Esteve-Rav. & Matheny 2010
123
Family Limnoperdaceae G.A. Escobar 1976
Limnoperdon G.A. Escobar 1976
Family Lycoperdaceae Chevall. 1826
Apioperdon (Kreisel & D. Krüger) Vizzini 2017
= Lycoperdon subgenus Apioperdon (Kreisel & D.
Krüger) Jeppson & E. Larss. 2008
Bovista Pers. 1794
= Globaria Quél. 1873
= Piesmycus Raf. 1808
= Pseudolycoperdon Velen. 1947
= Sackea Rostk. 1844
Bryoperdon Vizzini 2017
Calbovista Morse ex M.T. Seidl 1995
= Calbovista Morse 1935
Calvatia Fr. 1849
= Bovistaria (Fr.) P. Karst. 1889
= Eriosphaera Reichardt 1866
= Hypoblema Lloyd 1902
= Langermannia Rostk. 1839
Gastropila Homrich & J.E. Wright 1973
= Pila Speg. 1923
Lycoperdon Pers. 1794
= Bovistella Morgan 1892
= Calvatiella C.H. Chow 1936
= Capillaria Velen. 1947
= Cerophora Raf. 1814
= Handkea Kreisel 1989
= Priapus Raf. 1808
= Sufa Adans. 1763
= Utraria Quél. 1873
= Vascellum F. Šmarda 1958
Morganella Zeller 1948
Family Lyophyllaceae Jülich 1982
Asterophora Ditmar 1809
= Asterophora Corda 1840
= Asterophora Fr. 1849
= Asterotrichum Bonord. 1851
Blastosporella T.J. Baroni & Franco-Mol. 2007
Calocybe Kühner ex Donk 1962
= Calocybe Kühner 1938
Calocybella Vizzini, Consiglio & Setti 2015
Clitolyophyllum Sesli, Vizzini & Contu 2016
Gerhardtia Bon 1994
Hypsizygus Singer 1947
Lyophyllopsis Sathe & J.T. Daniel 1981
Lyophyllum P. Karst. 1881
= Caesposus Nüesch 1937
Myochromella V. Hofst., Clémençon, Moncalvo &
Redhead 2015
Ossicaulis Redhead & Ginns 1985
Rugosomyces Raithelh. 1979
123
124
Sagaranella V. Hofst., Clémençon, Moncalvo &
Redhead 2014
Sphagnurus Redhead & V. Hofst. 2014
= Bryophyllum Vizzini 2014
Tephrocybe Donk 1962
Tephrocybella Picillo, Vizzini & Contu 2015
Termitomyces R. Heim 1942
= Podabrella Singer 1945
= Rajapa Singer 1945
= Sinotermitomyces M. Zang 1981
Tricholomella Zerova ex Kalamees 1992
= Echinosporella Contu 1992
Family Macrocystidiaceae Kühner 1980
Macrocystidia Joss. 1934
= Galeromycena Velen. 1947
Family Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner 1980
Amyloflagellula Singer 1966
Brunneocorticium Sheng H. Wu 2007
Campanella Henn. 1895
Chaetocalathus Singer 1943
Crinipellis Pat. 1889
Hymenogloea Pat. 1900
Marasmius Fr. 1836
= Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. 1887
= Chamaeceras Rebent. ex Kuntze 1898
= Discocyphella Henn. 1900
= Heliomyces Lév. 1844
= Hymenoconidium Zukal 1888
= Polymarasmius Murrill 1915
= Protomarasmius Overeem 1927
= Scorteus Earle 1909
= Tephrophana Earle 1909
Moniliophthora H.C. Evans, Stalpers, Samson &
Benny 1978
Neocampanella Nakasone, Hibbett & Goranova
2009
Tetrapyrgos E. Horak 1987
= Pterospora Métrod 1949
Family Mycenaceae Overeem 1926
Atheniella Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys, Desjardin & B.A. Perry 2012
Cruentomycena R.H. Petersen, Kovalenko & O.V.
Morozova 2008
Decapitatus Redhead & Seifert 2000
Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. 1892
= Hologloea Pat. 1900
= Mycomedusa R. Heim 1945
= Mycomedusa R. Heim 1966
= Poroauricula McGinty 1917
= Porolaschia Pat. 1897
= Porolaschia Pat. 1898
Flabellimycena Redhead 1984
Heimiomyces Singer 1942
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Hemimycena Singer 1938
= Perona Pers. 1825
Hydropus Kühner ex Singer 1948
Mycena (Pers.) Roussel 1806
= Bactroboletus Clem. 1909
= Basidopus Earle 1909
= Collopus Earle 1909
= Corrugaria Métrod 1949
= Dictyoploca Mont. ex Pat. 1890
= Eomycenella G.F. Atk. 1902
= Filoboletus Henn. 1900
= Galactopus Earle 1909
= Hiatula (Fr.) Mont. 1854
= Insiticia Earle 1909
= Leiopoda Velen. 1947
= Leptomyces Mont. 1856
= Linopodium Earle 1909
= Mycenoporella Overeem 1926
= Mycenopsis Velen. 1947
= Phlebomycena R. Heim 1945
= Phlebomycena R. Heim 1966
= Poromycena Overeem 1926
= Prunulus Gray 1821
= Pseudomycena Cejp 1929
= Stereopodium Earle 1909
= Zephirea Velen. 1947
Mycopan Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2013
Panellus P. Karst. 1879
= Dictyopanus Pat. 1900
= Scytinotus P. Karst. 1879
= Urospora Fayod 1889
= Urosporellina E. Horak 1968
Resinomycena Redhead & Singer 1981
Roridomyces Rexer 1994
= Roridella E. Horak 2005
Sarcomyxa P. Karst. 1891
Tectella Earle 1909
Xeromphalina Kühner & Maire 1934
= Phlebomarasmius R. Heim 1967
= Valentinia Velen. 1939
Mythicomycetaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & M. Marchetti
2019
Mythicomyces Redhead & A.H. Sm. 1986
Stagnicola Redhead & A.H. Sm. 1986
Family Niaceae Jülich 1982
Digitatispora Doguet 1962
Flagelloscypha Donk 1951
Halocyphina Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. 1965
Lachnella Fr. 1836
Maireina W.B. Cooke 1961
Merismodes Earle 1909
= Cyphellopsis Donk 1931
= Phaeocyphellopsis W.B. Cooke 1961
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Pseudodasyscypha Velen. 1939
Nia R.T. Moore & Meyers 1961
Peyronelina P.J. Fisher, J. Webster & D.F. Kane
1976
Woldmaria W.B. Cooke 1961
Family Omphalotaceae Bresinsky 1985
Anthracophyllum Ces. 1879
Caripia Kuntze 1898
Connopus R.H. Petersen 2010
Gymnopanella Sand.-Leiva, J.V. McDonald &
Thorn 2016
Gymnopus (Pers.) Gray 1821
= Setulipes Antonı́n 1987
Hymenoporus Tkalčec, Mešić & Chun Y. Deng
2015
Lentinula Earle 1909
Marasmiellus Murrill 1915
= Collybiopsis (J. Schröt.) Earle 1909
Mycetinis Earle 1909
Neonothopanus R.H. Petersen & Krisai 1999
Omphalotus Fayod 1889
= Lampteromyces Singer 1947
= Monodelphus Earle 1909
Rhodocollybia Singer 1939
Paragymnopus J.S. Oliveira 2019
Pusillomyces J.S. Oliveira 2019
Family Physalacriaceae Corner 1970
Anastrophella E. Horak & Desjardin 1994
Armillaria (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Armillariella (P. Karst.) P. Karst. 1881
= Aphotistus Humb. 1793
= Polymyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Rhizomorpha Roth 1791
Cibaomyces Zhu L. Yang, Y.J. Hao & J. Qin 2014
Cribbea A.H. Sm. & D.A. Reid 1962
Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin
2014
Cylindrobasidium Jülich 1974
Cyptotrama Singer 1960
= Xerulina Singer 1962
Dactylosporina (Clémençon) Dörfelt 1985
Desarmillaria (Herink) R. A. Koch & Aime 2017
Epicnaphus Singer 1960
Flammulina P. Karst. 1891
= Collybidium Earle 1909
= Myxocollybia Singer 1936
Gloiocephala Massee 1892
Guyanagaster T.W. Henkel, M.E. Sm. & Aime
2010
Hymenopellis R.H. Petersen 2010
Laccariopsis Vizzini 2013
Manuripia Singer 1960
125
Mucidula Pat. 1887
Mycaureola Maire & Chemin 1922
Naiadolina Redhead, Labbé & Ginns 2013
Oudemansiella Speg. 1881
= Coprinopsis Beeli 1929
= Oudemansia Speg. 1880
= Phaeolimacium Henn. 1899
Paraxerula R.H. Petersen 2010
Physalacria Peck 1882
= Baumanniella Henn. 1897
= Eoagaricus L. Krieg. 1923
= Hormomitaria Corner 1950
Ponticulomyces R.H. Petersen 2010
Protoxerula R.H. Petersen 2010
Rhizomarasmius R.H. Petersen 2000
Rhodotus Maire 1926
Strobilurus Singer 1962
Xerula Maire 1933
Family Pleurotaceae Kühner 1980
Agaricochaete Eichelb. 1906
Hohenbuehelia Schulzer 1866
= Acanthocystis (Fayod) Kühner 1926
= Nematoctonus Drechsler 1941
Lignomyces R.H. Petersen & Zmitr. 2015
Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Antromycopsis Pat. & Trab. 1897
= Crepidopus Nees ex Gray 1821
= Lentodiopsis Bubák 1895
= Nothopanus Singer 1944
= Pterophyllus Lév. 1844
= Scleroma Fr. 1838
= Velolentinus Overeem 1927
Resupinatus Nees ex Gray 1821
= Asterotus Singer 1943
= Phyllotremella Lloyd 1920
= Phyllotus P. Karst. 1879
= Pleurotopsis (Henn.) Earle 1909
= Rhodocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961
= Scytinotopsis Singer 1943
= Stigmatolemma Kalchbr. 1882
= Urceolus Velen. 1939
Family Pluteaceae Kotl. & Pouzar 1972
Pluteus Fr. 1836
= Annularia (Schulzer) Gillet 1876
= Chamaeota (W.G. Sm.) Earle 1909
= Hyporrhodius (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Rhodosporus J. Schröt. 1889
Volvariella Speg. 1898
= Volva Adans. 1763
= Volvaria (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Volvariopsis Murrill 1911
= Volvarius Roussel 1806
123
126
Volvopluteus Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
= Pseudofarinaceus Earle 1909
Family Porotheleaceae Murrill 1916
Phloeomana Redhead 2013
Porotheleum Fr. 1818
= Stromatoscypha Donk 1951
Family Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead 2001
Coprinellus P. Karst. 1879
= Annularius Roussel 1806
= Ephemerocybe Fayod 1889
= Pseudocoprinus Kühner 1928
Coprinopsis P. Karst. 1881
= Pselliophora P. Karst. 1879
Cystoagaricus Singer 1947
Gasteroagaricoides D.A. Reid 1986
Homophron (Britzelm.) Örstadius & E. Larss.
2015
Hormographiella Guarro & Gené 1992
Kauffmania Örstadius & E. Larss. 2015
Lacrymaria Pat. 1887
= Cortiniopsis J. Schröt. 1889
= Glyptospora Fayod 1889
Macrometrula Donk & Singer 1948
Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple 2001
Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. 1872
= Astylospora Fayod 1889
= Drosophila Quél. 1886
= Gymnochilus Clem. 1896
= Hypholomopsis Earle 1909
= Pannucia P. Karst. 1879
= Pluteopsis Fayod 1889
= Psalliotina Velen. 1939
= Psathyra (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Psilocybe Fayod 1889
Rhacophyllus Berk. & Broome 1871
Typhrasa Örstadius & E. Larss. 2015
Family Pseudoclitocybaceae Vizzini, Consiglio, P.-A.
Moreau & P. Alvarado 2018
Bonomyces Vizzini 2014
Cleistocybe Ammirati, A.D. Parker & Matheny
2007
Clitopaxillus G. Moreno, Vizzini, Consiglio & P.
Alvarado 2018
Harmajaea Dima, P. Alvarado & Kekki 2018
Musumecia Vizzini & Contu 2011
Pogonoloma (Singer) Sánchez-Garcı́a 2014
Pseudoclitocybe (Singer) Singer 1956
Family Pterulaceae Corner 1970
Actiniceps Berk. & Broome 1876
= Dimorphocystis Corner 1950
= Wiesnerina Höhn. 1907
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Allantula Corner 1952
Aphanobasidium Jülich 1979
Chaetotyphula Corner 1950
Coronicium J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1975
Deflexula Corner 1950
Lepidomyces Jülich 1979
Merulicium J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976
Parapterulicium Corner 1952
Pterula Fr. 1825
= Phaeopterula (Henn.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1905
Pterulicium Corner 1950
Radulomyces M.P. Christ. 1960
= Adustomyces Jülich 1979
= Cerocorticium Henn. 1900
= Chrysoderma Boidin & Gilles 1991
= Flavophlebia (Parmasto) K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1977
Radulotubus Y.C. Dai, S.H. He & C.L. Zhao 2016
Family Schizophyllaceae Quél. 1888
Auriculariopsis Maire 1902
Porodisculus Murrill 1907
= Enslinia Fr. 1836
= Porodiscus Murrill 1903
Schizophyllum Fr. 1815
= Apus Gray 1821
= Hyponevris Earle 1909
= Petrona Adans. 1763
= Phaeoschizophyllum W.B. Cooke 1962
= Rhipidium Wallr. 1833
= Scaphophoeum Ehrenb. ex Wallr. 1833
= Scaphophorum Ehrenb. 1820
= Schizonia Pers. 1828
Family Stephanosporaceae Oberw. & E. Horak 1979
Athelidium Oberw. 1965
Cristinia Parmasto 1968
= Dacryobasidium Jülich 1982
Lindtneria Pilát 1938
Mayamontana Castellano, Trappe & Lodge 2007
Stephanospora Pat. 1914
Family Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Sm. 1946
Agrocybe Fayod 1889
= Bulla Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Bulla Battarra 1755
= Cyclopus (Quél.) Barbier 1907
= Togaria W.G. Sm. 1908
Bogbodia Redhead 2013
Brauniella Rick ex Singer 1955
= Braunia Rick 1934
Deconica (W.G. Sm.) P. Karst. 1879
Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
Leratiomyces Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder ex
Bridge, Spooner, Beever & D.C. Park 2008
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Cytophyllopsis R. Heim 1958
Melanotus Pat. 1900
Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
= Derminus (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Dryophila Quél. 1886
= Flammopsis Fayod 1889
= Gymnocybe P. Karst. 1879
= Hemipholiota (Singer) Romagn. 1980
= Hemipholiota (Singer) Bon 1986
= Hypodendrum Paulet ex Earle 1909
= Kuehneromyces Singer & A.H. Sm. 1948
= Nemecomyces Pilát 1933
= Nivatogastrium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1959
= Phaeonematoloma (Singer) Bon 1994
= Ryssospora Fayod 1889
= Visculus Earle 1909
Protostropharia Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
2013
Pseudogymnopilus Raithelh. 1974
Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. 1872
Family Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouzar 1983
Albomagister Sánchez-Garcı́a, Birkebak &
Matheny 2014
Corneriella Sánchez-Garcı́a 2014
Dennisiomyces Singer 1955
Dermoloma J.E. Lange ex Herink 1958
= Dermoloma J.E. Lange ex Singer 1951
= Dermoloma J.E. Lange ex Singer 1955
Leucopaxillus Boursier 1925
Porpoloma Singer 1952
Pseudobaeospora Singer 1942
Pseudoporpoloma Vizzini & Consiglio 2016
Pseudotricholoma (Singer) Sánchez-Garcı́a &
Matheny 2014
Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Cortinellus Roze 1876
= Glutinaster Earle 1909
= Gyrophila Quél. 1886
= Mastoleucomyces Battarra ex Kuntze 1891
= Megatricholoma G. Kost. 1984
= Monomyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Phlebophora Lév. 1841
= Sphaerocephalus Battarra ex Earle 1909
Family Tubariaceae Vizzini 2008
Cyclocybe Velen. 1939
Flammulaster Earle 1909
Hemistropharia Jacobsson & E. Larss. 2007
Pachylepyrium Singer 1958
Phaeomarasmius Scherff. 1897
= Epicorticium Velen. 1926
= Flocculina P.D. Orton 1960
= Marasmiopsis Henn. 1898
Pleuromyces Dima, P.-A. Moreau & V. Papp 2018
127
Tubaria (W.G. Sm.) Gillet 1876
Family Typhulaceae Jülich 1982
Lutypha Khurana, K.S. Thind & Berthier 1977
Macrotyphula R.H. Petersen 1972
Tygervalleyomyces Crous 2017
Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 1818
= Cnazonaria Corda 1829
= Dacryopsella Höhn. 1915
= Gliocoryne Maire 1909
= Phacorhiza Pers. 1822
= Pistillaria Fr. 1821
= Pistillina Quél. 1881
= Scleromitra Corda 1829
= Sphaerula Pat. 1883
Agaricales genera incertae sedis
Acanthocorticium Baltazar, Gorjón & Rajchenb.
2015
Acinophora Raf. 1808
Aleurocystis Lloyd ex G. Cunn. 1956
Amparoina Singer 1958
Amylolepiota Harmaja 2002
Aphyllotus Singer 1973
Arthromyces T.J. Baroni & Lodge 2007
Arthrosporella Singer 1970
= Nothoclavulina Singer 1970
Asproinocybe R. Heim 1970
Aspropaxillus Kühner & Maire 1934
Atractosporocybe P. Alvarado, G. Moreno &
Vizzini 2015
Austroclitocybe Raithelh. 1972
Austroomphaliaster Garrido 1988
Baeospora Singer 1938
Callistodermatium Singer 1981
Calyptella Quél. 1886
Caulorhiza Lennox 1979
Cellypha Donk 1959
Cephaloscypha Agerer 1975
Cercopemyces T.J. Baroni, Kropp & V.S. Evenson
2014
Clavomphalia E. Horak 1987
Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Pseudolyophyllum Raithelh. 1977
= Rubeolarius Raithelh. 1981
= Singerella Harmaja 1974
= Trigonipes Velen. 1939
Clitocybula (Singer) Singer ex Métrod 1952
Coccobotrys Boud. & Pat. 1900
Collybia (Fr.) Staude 1857
= Microcollybia Métrod 1952
= Microcollybia Lennox 1979
Conchomyces Overeem 1927
Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. 1844
Cyathus Haller 1768
123
128
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Cyathia P. Browne 1756
= Cyathodes P. Micheli ex Kuntze 1891
= Peziza L. 1753
Cymatella Pat. 1899
Cymatellopsis Parmasto 1985
Cynema Maas Geest. & E. Horak 1995
Cyphellocalathus Agerer 1981
Cystoderma Fayod 1889
Cystodermella Harmaja 2002
Deigloria Agerer 1980
Delicatula Fayod 1889
= Retocybe Velen. 1947
Dendrocollybia R.H. Petersen & Redhead 2001
= Sclerostilbum Povah 1932
= Tilachlidiopsis Keissl. 1924
Dendrothele Höhn. & Litsch. 1907
= Aleurocorticium P.A. Lemke 1964
Disporotrichum Stalpers 1984
Fayodia Kühner 1930
Fibulochlamys A.I. Romero & Cabral 1989
Fistulina Bull. 1791
= Agarico-carnis Paulet 1793
= Buglossus Wahlenb. 1820
= Hypodrys Pers. 1825
Fissolimbus E. Horak 1979
Floccularia Pouzar 1957
Gamundia Raithelh. 1979
= Stachyomphalina H.E. Bigelow 1979
Gerronema Singer 1951
Giacomia Vizzini & Contu 2012
Glabrocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961
Gloioxanthomyces Lodge, Vizzini, Ercole &
Boertm. 2013
Gramincola Velen. 1947
Henningsomyces Kuntze 1898
= Solenia Pers. 1794
Hispidocalyptella E. Horak & Desjardin 1994
Hygrophorocybe Vizzini & Contu 2014
Infundibulicybe Harmaja 2003
Lactocollybia Singer 1939
= Bertrandiella R. Heim 1959
= Bertrandiella R. Heim 1966
Lecanocybe Desjardin & E. Horak 1999
Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm. 1870
= Rhodopaxillus Maire 1913
Lepistella T.J. Baroni & Ovrebo 2007
Leucocalocybe X.D. Yu & Y.J. Yao 2011
Leucocortinarius (J.E. Lange) Singer 1945
Leucocybe Vizzini, P. Alvarado, G. Moreno &
Consiglio 2015
Leucoinocybe Singer ex Antonı́n, Borovička,
Holec & Kolařı́k 2019
123
Leucopholiota (Romagn.) O.K. Mill., T.J. Volk &
Bessette 1996
Lignomphalia Antonı́n, Borovička, Holec &
Kolařı́k 2019
Lulesia Singer 1970
Lycogalopsis E. Fisch. 1886
= Enteromyxa Ces. 1879
Megacollybia Kotl. & Pouzar 1972
Melanoleuca Pat. 1897
= Kinia Consiglio, Contu, Setti & Vizzini 2008
= Psammospora Fayod 1893
Melanomphalia M.P. Christ. 1936
= Horakomyces Raithelh. 1983
Meottomyces Vizzini 2008
Mesophelliopsis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1957
Metraria (Cooke) Cooke & Massee 1891
Metulocyphella Agerer 1983
Mucronella Fr. 1874
= Myxomycidium Massee 1901
Mycenella (J.E. Lange) Singer 1938
Mycoalvimia Singer 1981
Mycocalia J.T. Palmer 1961
Mycospongia Velen. 1939
Myxomphalia Hora 1960
Neoclitocybe Singer 1962
Neopaxillus Singer 1948
Nidula V.S. White 1902
Nidularia Fr. 1817
= Granularia Roth 1791
Nochascypha Agerer 1983
Notholepista Vizzini & Contu 2012
Omphaliaster Lamoure 1971
Omphalina Quél. 1886
= Phaeotellus Kühner & Lamoure 1972
Palaeocephala Singer 1962
Panaeolina Maire 1933
Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél. 1872
= Anellaria P. Karst. 1879
= Campanularius Roussel 1806
= Chalymmota P. Karst. 1879
= Copelandia Bres. 1912
= Coprinarius (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
Paralepistopsis Vizzini 2012
Peglerochaete Sarwal & Locq. 1983
Pegleromyces Singer 1981
Phaeodepas D.A. Reid 1961
Phaeolepiota Maire ex Konrad & Maubl. 1928
Phaeomycena R. Heim ex Singer & Digilio 1952
Phaeopholiota Locq. & Sarwal 1983
Phlebonema R. Heim 1929
Phlebophyllum R. Heim 1969
Phyllotopsis E.-J. Gilbert & Donk ex Singer 1936
= Tilotus Kalchbr. 1881
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Tomentifolium Murrill 1903
Physocystidium Singer 1962
Pleurella E. Horak 1971
Pleurocybella Singer 1947
Plicatura Peck 1872
Polygaster Fr. 1823
Pseudoclitopilus Vizzini & Contu 2012
Pseudofistulina O. Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo 1963
Pseudohiatula (Singer) Singer 1938
Pseudohygrophorus Velen. 1939
Pseudolasiobolus Agerer 1983
Pseudoomphalina (Singer) Singer 1956
= Neohygrophorus Singer 1962
Pseudotyphula Corner 1953
Radulomycetopsis Dhingra, Priyanka & J. Kaur
2012
Rectipilus Agerer 1973
Rhizocybe Vizzini, G. Moreno, P. Alvarado &
Consiglio 2015
Rimbachia Pat. 1891
= Mniopetalum Donk & Singer 1962
= Pleuromycenula Singer 1973
Ripartitella Singer 1947
Ripartites P. Karst. 1879
Secotium Kunze 1840
Singerocybe Harmaja 1988
Skepperiella Pilát 1927
Squamanita Imbach 1946
= Coolia Huijsman 1943
= Dissoderma (A.H. Sm. & Singer) Singer 1973
Stanglomyces Raithelh. 1986
Stemastrum Raf. 1808
Stromatocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961
Tephroderma Contu & Musumeci 2014
Trichocybe Vizzini 2010
Tricholomopsis Singer 1939
Tricholosporum Guzmán 1975
Trogia Fr. 1836
Ugola Adans. 1763
Vanromburghia Holterm. 1898
Verrucospora E. Horak 1967
Order Amylocorticiales K.H. Larss., Manfr. Binder &
Hibbett 2010
Family Amylocorticiaceae Jülich 1982
Amyloathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1979
Amylocorticiellum Spirin & Zmitr. 2002
Amylocorticium Pouzar 1959
Amyloxenasma (Oberw.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden
2005
Anomoloma Niemelä & K.H. Larss. 2007
Anomoporia Pouzar 1966
Ceraceomyces Jülich 1972
Irpicodon Pouzar 1966
129
Plicaturopsis D.A. Reid 1964
Podoserpula D.A. Reid 1963
Serpulomyces (Zmitr.) Zmitr. 2002
Order Atheliales Jülich 1981
Family Atheliaceae Jülich 1982
Amphinema P. Karst. 1892
= Diplonema P. Karst. 1889
Athelia Pers. 1822
= Fibularhizoctonia G.C. Adams & Kropp 1996
Athelicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1986
Athelocystis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010
Athelopsis Oberw. ex Parmasto 1968
Butlerelfia Weresub & Illman 1980
Byssocorticium Bondartsev & Singer 1944
= Byssocorticium Bondartsev & Singer 1941
= Caerulicium Jülich 1982
Elaphocephala Pouzar 1983
Hypochnella J. Schröt. 1888
Hypochniciellum Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980
Leptosporomyces Jülich 1972
= Fibulomyces Jülich 1972
Lobulicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1982
Lyoathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004
Melzericium Hauerslev 1975
Mycostigma Jülich 1976
Piloderma Jülich 1969
Pteridomyces Jülich 1979
Taeniospora Marvanová 1977
Tretomyces K.H. Larss., Kotir. & Saaren. 2011
Tylospora Donk 1960
= Tylosperma Donk 1957
Order Auriculariales J. Schröt. 1887
Family Auriculariaceae Fr. 1838
Amphistereum Spirin & Malysheva 2017
Auricularia Bull. 1780
= Auricula Battarra 1755
= Auricula Battarra ex Kuntze 1891
= Auriculariella (Sacc.) Clem. 1909
= Conchites Paulet 1793
= Oncomyces Klotzsch 1843
= Patila Adans. 1763
= Seismosarca Cooke 1889
Eichleriella Bres. 1903
Elmerina Bres. 1912
Exidia Fr. 1822
= Spicularia Chevall. 1826
= Tremellochaete Raitv. 1964
= Ulocolla Bref. 1888
Exidiopsis (Bref.) Möller 1895
Fibulosebacea K. Wells & Raitv. 1987
Heterochaete Pat. 1892
Heteroradulum Lloyd ex Spirin & Malysheva
2017
123
130
Protodaedalea Imazeki 1955
Pseudostypella McNabb 1969
Sclerotrema Spirin & Malysheva 2017
Family Hyaloriaceae Lindau 1897
Helicomyxa R. Kirschner & Chee J. Chen 2004
Hyaloria Möller 1895
Myxarium Wallr. 1833
Auriculariales genera incertae sedis
Basidiodendron Rick 1938
Bourdotia (Bres.) Bres. & Torrend 1913
Ceratosebacina P. Roberts 1993
Dendrogloeon Spirin & Miettinen 2015
Ductifera Lloyd 1917
= Gloeotromera Ervin 1956
Endoperplexa P. Roberts 1993
Gelacantha V. Malysheva & Spirin 2019
Grammatus H.S. Yuan & C. Decock 2018
Guepinia Fr. 1825
Hauerslevia P. Roberts 1998
Heterorepetobasidium Chee J. Chen & Oberw.
2002
Heteroscypha Oberw. & Agerer 1979
Hyalodon V. Malysheva & Spirin 2018
Hydrophana V. Malysheva & Spirin 2019
Metabourdotia L.S. Olive 1957
Microsebacina P. Roberts 1993
Mycostilla Spirin & V. Malysheva 2018
Myxariellum Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019
Ofella Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019
Porpopycnis R. Kirschner 2012
Protoacia Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019
Protodontia Höhn. 1907
Protograndinia Rick 1933
Protohydnum Möller 1895
Protomerulius Möller 1895
= Aporpium Bondartsev & Singer 1941
= Aporpium Bondartsev & Singer 1944
Protoradulum Rick 1933
Pseudohydnum P. Karst. 1868
= Hydnogloea Curr., Berk. & Broome 1871
Renatobasidium Hauerslev 1993
Stypella Möller 1895
= Gloeosebacina Neuhoff 1924
= Heterochaetella (Bourdot) Bourdot & Galzin
1928
Stypellopsis Spirin & V. Malysheva 2018
Tremellacantha Jülich 1980
Order Boletales E.-J. Gilbert 1931
Family Boletaceae Chevall. 1826
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Afroboletus Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1981
Afrocastellanoa M.E. Sm. & Orihara 2017
Alessioporus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014
Aureoboletus Pouzar 1957
Australopilus Halling & N.A. Fechner 2012
Austroboletus (Corner) Wolfe 1980
Baorangia G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015
Binderoboletus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016
Boletellus Murrill 1909
= Boletogaster Lohwag 1926
= Strobilofungus McGinty 1915
Boletochaete Singer 1944
Boletus L. 1753
= Ceriomyces Murrill 1909
= Dictyopus Quél. 1886
= Tubiporus P. Karst. 1881
= Xerocomopsis Reichert 1940
Borofutus Hosen & Zhu L. Yang 2012
Bothia Halling, T.J. Baroni & Manfr. Binder 2007
Buchwaldoboletus Pilát 1969
Butyriboletus Arora & J.L. Frank 2014
Caloboletus Vizzini 2014
Carolinigaster M.E. Sm. & S. Cruz 2018
Castellanea T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2015
Chalciporus Bataille 1908
Chamonixia Rolland 1899
Chiua Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016
Corneroboletus N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. Yang 2012
Costatisporus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2015
Crocinoboletus N.K. Zeng, Zhu L. Yang & G. Wu
2014
Cupreoboletus Simonini, Gelardi & Vizzini 2015
Cyanoboletus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014
Durianella Desjardin, A.W. Wilson & Manfr.
Binder 2008
Erythrophylloporus Ming Zhang & T.H. Li 2018
Fistulinella Henn. 1901
= Gastrotylopilus T.H. Li & Watling 1999
= Ixechinus R. Heim 1968
Gastroboletus Lohwag 1926
Gastroleccinum Thiers 1989
Guyanaporus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016
Gymnogaster J.W. Cribb 1956
Harrya Halling, Nuhn & Osmundson 2012
Heimioporus E. Horak 2004
Heliogaster Orihara & K. Iwase 2010
Hemileccinum Šutara 2008
Hortiboletus Simonini, Vizzini & Gelardi 2015
Hourangia Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. Yang 2015
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Hymenoboletus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016
Imleria Vizzini 2014
Imperator G. Koller, Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa,
Loizides, G. Marques, P.-A. Moreau, J.A. Muñoz,
Oppicelli, Puddu & F. Richard 2015
Indoporus A. Parihar, K. Das, Hembrom & Vizzini
2018
Ionosporus O. Khmelnitsky 2019
Jimtrappea T.W. Henkel, M.E. Sm. & Aime 2015
Kombocles Castellano, T.W. Henkel & Dentinger
2016
Lanmaoa G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015
Leccinellum Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder 2003
Leccinum Gray 1821
= Krombholziella Maire 1937
= Trachypus Bataille 1908
Mackintoshia Pacioni & Sharp 2000
Mucilopilus Wolfe 1979
Mycoamaranthus Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk
1992
Neoboletus Gelardi, Simonini & Vizzini 2014
Nigroboletus Gelardi, Vizzini, E. Horak, T.H. Li
& Ming Zhang 2015
Octaviania Vittad. 1831
= Maccagnea Zeller & C.W. Dodge 1928
Parvixerocomus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015
Paxillogaster E. Horak 1966
Phylloboletellus Singer 1952
Phyllobolites Singer 1942
Phylloporus Quél. 1888
Porphyrellus E.-J. Gilbert 1931
Pseudoaustroboletus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2014
Pseudoboletus Šutara 1991
Pulchroboletus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014
Pulveroboletus Murrill 1909
Retiboletus Manfr. Binder & Bresinsky 2002
Rheubarbariboletus Vizzini, Simonini & Gelardi
2015
Rhodactina Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1989
Rossbeevera T. Lebel, Orihara & N. Maek. 2012
Royoungia Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk 1992
Rubroboletus Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang 2014
Rugiboletus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015
Setogyroporus Heinem. & Rammeloo 1982
Singerocomus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016
Singeromyces M.M. Moser 1966
Solioccasus Trappe, Osmundson, Manfr. Binder,
Castellano & Halling 2013
Spongiforma Desjardin, Manfr. Binder, Roekring
& Flegel 2009
Spongispora G. Wu, S.M.L. Lee, E. Horak & Zhu
L. Yang 2018
Strobilomyces Berk. 1851
131
= Eriocorys Quél. 1886
Suillellus Murrill 1909
Sutorius Halling, Nuhn & N.A. Fechner 2012
Tengioboletus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2016
Tubosaeta E. Horak 1967
Turmalinea Orihara & N. Maek. 2015
Tylocinum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016
Tylopilus P. Karst. 1881
= Leucogyroporus Snell 1942
= Phaeoporus Bataille 1908
= Rhodobolites Beck 1923
= Rhodoporus Quél. ex Bataille 1908
Veloporphyrellus L.D. Gómez & Singer 1984
Wakefieldia Corner & Hawker 1953
Xanthoconium Singer 1944
Xerocomellus Šutara 2008
Xerocomus Quél. 1887
= Versipellis Quél. 1886
Zangia Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2011
Family Boletinellaceae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C.
David 2001
Boletinellus Murrill 1909
Phlebopus (R. Heim) Singer 1936
= Phaeogyroporus Singer 1944
Family Calostomataceae E. Fisch. 1900
Calostoma Desv. 1809
= Gyropodium E. Hitchc. 1825
= Husseia Berk. 1847
= Mitremyces Nees 1816
Family Coniophoraceae Ulbr. 1928
Chrysoconia McCabe & G.A. Escobar 1979
Coniophora DC. 1815
= Coniophorella P. Karst. 1889
Coniophoropsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1986
Gyrodontium Pat. 1900
= Boninohydnum S. Ito & S. Imai 1940
Sedecula Zeller 1941
Family Diplocystidiaceae Kreisel 1974
Astraeus Morgan 1889
= Diploderma Link 1816
Diplocystis Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868
Endogonopsis R. Heim 1966
Tremellogaster E. Fisch. 1924
Family Gasterellaceae Zeller 1948
Gasterella Zeller & L.B. Walker 1935
Family Gomphidiaceae Maire ex Jülich 1982
Chroogomphus (Singer) O.K. Mill. 1964
= Brauniellula A.H. Sm. & Singer 1959
Cystogomphus Singer 1942
Gomphidius Fr. 1836
= Leucogomphidius Kotl. & Pouzar 1972
Gomphogaster O.K. Mill. 1973
123
132
Family Gyroporaceae (Singer) Manfr. Binder &
Bresinsky 2002
Gyroporus Quél. 1886
= Coelopus Bataille 1908
= Leucobolites Beck 1923
= Leucoconius Beck 1923
Family Hygrophoropsidaceae Kühner 1980
Hygrophoropsis (J. Schröt.) Maire ex Martin-Sans
1929
Leucogyrophana Pouzar 1958
Family Paxillaceae Lotsy 1907
Alpova C.W. Dodge 1931
Austrogaster Singer 1962
Gyrodon Opat. 1836
= Anastomaria Raf. 1820
= Campbellia Cooke & Massee 1890
= Gilbertina R. Heim 1966
= Pseudogyrodon Heinem. & Rammeloo 1983
= Rodwaya Syd. & P. Syd. 1901
= Uloporus Quél. 1886
Hoehnelogaster Lohwag 1926
Hydnomerulius Jarosch & Besl 2001
Meiorganum R. Heim 1966
Melanogaster Corda 1831
= Argylium Wallr. 1833
= Bulliardia Jungh. 1830
Neoalpova Vizzini 2014
Paragyrodon (Singer) Singer 1942
Paxillus Fr. 1836
= Paxillopsis E.-J. Gilbert 1931
= Rhymovis Pers. ex Rabenh. 1844
= Ruthea Opat. 1836
Family Protogastraceae Zeller 1934
Protogaster Thaxt. 1934
Family Rhizopogonaceae Gäum. & C.W. Dodge 1928
Fevansia Trappe & Castellano 2000
Rhizopogon Fr. 1817
= Anthracophlous Mattir. ex Lloyd 1913
= Hysteromyces Vittad. 1844
= Splanchnomyces Corda 1831
= Trappeindia Castellano, S.L. Mill., L. Singh bis
& T.N. Lakh. 2012
Rhopalogaster J.R. Johnst. 1902
Family Sclerodermataceae Corda 1842
Chlorogaster Læssøe & Jalink 2004
Favillea Fr. 1849
Horakiella Castellano & Trappe 1992
Pisolithus Alb. & Schwein. 1805
= Durosaccum Lloyd 1924
= Endacinus Raf. 1814
= Lycoperdodes Haller ex Kuntze 1891
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Pisocarpium Link 1808
= Polypera Pers. 1818
= Polysaccum F. Desp. & DC. 1807
Scleroderma Pers. 1801
= Actigea Raf. 1814
= Actinodermium Nees 1816
= Caloderma Petri 1900
= Goupilia Mérat 1834
= Mycastrum Raf. 1813
= Neosaccardia Mattir. 1921
= Nepotatus Lloyd 1925
= Phlyctospora Corda 1841
= Pirogaster Henn. 1901
= Pompholyx Corda 1834
= Sclerangium Lév. 1848
= Stella Massee 1889
= Sterrebekia Link 1816
= Veligaster Guzmán 1970
Family Serpulaceae Jarosch & Bresinsky 2001
Austropaxillus Bresinsky & Jarosch 1999
Gymnopaxillus E. Horak 1966
Serpula (Pers.) Gray 1821
= Gyrophana Pat. 1897
= Plicaturella Murrill 1910
= Xylomyzon Pers. 1825
= Xylophagus Link 1809
Family Suillaceae Besl & Bresinsky 1997
Psiloboletinus Singer 1945
Suillus Gray 1821
= Boletinus Kalchbr. 1867
= Boletopsis Henn. 1898
= Cricunopus P. Karst. 1881
= Euryporus Quél. 1886
= Fuscoboletinus Pomerl. & A.H. Sm. 1962
= Gastrosuillus Thiers 1989
= Ixocomus Quél. 1888
= Mariaella Šutara 1987
= Peplopus (Quél.) Quél. ex Moug. & Ferry 1887
= Pinuzza Gray 1821
= Rostkovites P. Karst. 1881
= Solenia Hill ex Kuntze 1898
= Viscipellis (Fr.) Quél. 1886
Truncocolumella Zeller 1939
= Dodgea Malençon 1939
Family Tapinellaceae C. Hahn 1999
Bondarcevomyces Parmasto 1999
Pseudomerulius Jülich 1979
Tapinella E.-J. Gilbert 1931
= Sarcopaxillus Zmitr., Malysheva & E.F. Malysheva 2004
= Tapinia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1879
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Boletales genera incertae sedis
Corditubera Henn. 1897
Corneromyces Ginns 1976
Marthanella States & Fogel 1999
Phaeoradulum Pat. 1900
Order Cantharellales Gäum. 1926
= Botryobasidiales Jülich 1981
= Sistotrematales Jülich 1981
Family Aphelariaceae Corner 1970
Aphelaria Corner 1950
Phaeoaphelaria Corner 1953
Tumidapexus D.A. Crawford 1954
Family Botryobasidiaceae Jülich 1982
Acladium Link 1809
Allescheriella Henn. 1897
Alysidium Kunze 1817
Botryobasidium Donk 1931
= Haplotrichum Link 1824
Suillosporium Pouzar 1958
Family Ceratobasidiaceae G.W. Martin 1948
= Family Cejpomycetaceae Jülich 1981
Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers 1935
= Uthatobasidium Donk 1956
= Koleroga Donk 1958
Ceratoporia Ryvarden & de Meijer 2002
Ceratorhiza R.T. Moore 1987
Rhizoctonia DC. 1805
Scotomyces Jülich 1978
Thanatephorus Donk 1956
Family Hydnaceae Chevall. 1826
= Family Clavulinaceae Donk 1970
= Family Cantharellaceae J. Schröt. 1888
= Family Sistotremataceae Jülich 1982
= Family Pterygellaceae Jülich 1982
= Family Heteroacanthellaceae P. Roberts 1998
= Family Repetobasidiaceae Jülich 1982
Burgoa Goid. 1937
Burgella Diederich & Lawrey 2007
Burgellopsis Diederich & Lawrey 2014
Cantharellus Adans.ex Fr. 1821
= Afrocantharellus (Eyssart. & Buyck) Tibuhwa
2012
= Goossensia Heinem. 1958
Clavulina J. Schröt. 1888
Corallofungus Kobayasi 1983
Craterellus Pers. 1825
= Pseudocraterellus Corner 1958
= Pterygellus Corner 1966
Gloeomucro R.H. Petersen 1980
133
Hydnum L. 1753
= Malacodon Bataille 1923
Ingoldiella D.E. Shaw 1972
Membranomyces Jülich 1975
Multiclavula R.H. Petersen 1967
Neoburgoa Diederich, E. Zimm. & Lawrey 2016
Parastereopsis Corner 1976
Osteomorpha G. Arnaud ex Watling & W.B.
Kendr. 1979
Paullicorticium J. Erikss. 1958
Repetobasidiellum J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1981
Repetobasidium J. Erikss. 1958
Rogersiomyces J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1978
= Hyphobasidiofera K. Matsush. & Matsush. 1996
Sistotrema Fr. 1821
= Galziniella Parmasto 1968
= Heptasporium Bref. 1908
= Hydnotrema Link 1833
Sistotremella Hjortstam 1984
Family Oliveoniaceae P. Roberts 1998
Oliveonia Donk 1958
Family Tulasnellaceae Juel 1897
Pseudotulasnella Lowy 1964
Tulasnella J. Schröt. 1888
= Epulorhiza R.T. Moore 1987
Cantharellales genera incertae sedis
Boidinella Nakasone 2011
Bulbilla Diederich, Flakus & Etayo 2014
= Adamflakia Diederich & Lawrey 2016
Clavulicium Boidin 1957
Minimedusa Weresub & P.M. LeClair 1971
= Pneumatospora B. Sutton, Kuthub. & Muid
1984
= Tricellulortus Matsush. 1995
Odontiochaete Rick 1940
Radulochaete Rick 1940
Schildia Franchi & M. Marchetti 2015
Stilbotulasnella Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Order Corticiales K.H. Larss. 2007
Family Corticiaceae Herter 1910
Capillosclerotium Prameela & Deeba 2013
Corticirama Pilát 1957
Corticium Pers. 1794
= Lyomyces P. Karst. 1882
= Mycinema C. Agardh 1824
Erythricium J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1970
= Marchandiobasidium Diederich & Schultheis
2003
Galzinia Bourdot 1922
Giulia Tassi 1904
123
134
Laetisaria Burds. 1979
= Limonomyces Stalpers & Loer. 1982
Lawreymyces Lücking & Moncada 2017
Marchandiomyces Diederich & D. Hawksw. 1990
= Marchandiopsis Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenb.
2010
Necator Massee 1898
Tretopileus B.O. Dodge 1946
Waitea Warcup & P.H.B. Talbot 1962
Family Dendrominiaceae Ghobad-Nejhad 2015
Dendrominia Ghobad-Nejhad & Duhem 2013
Family Punctulariaceae Donk 1964
Dendrocorticium M.J. Larsen & Gilb. 1974
Punctularia Pat. 1895
= Phaeophlebia W.B. Cooke 1956
Punctulariopsis Ghobad-Nejhad 2010
Family Vuilleminiaceae Maire ex Lotsy 1902
Australovuilleminia Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenb.
2010
Cytidia Quél. 1888
= Lomatina (Fr.) P. Karst. 1892
Vuilleminia Maire 1902
Corticiales genera incertae sedis
Ambivina Katz 1974
Amylobasidium Ginns 1988
Leptocorticium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2002
Melzerodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980
Nothocorticium Gresl. & Rajchenb. 1999
Papyrodiscus D.A. Reid 1979
Ripexicium Hjortstam 1995
Order Geastrales K. Hosaka & Castellano 2007
Family Geastraceae Corda 1842
Geasteroides Long 1917
= Terrostella Long 1945
Geastrum Pers. 1794
= Astrocitum Raf. 1806
= Astrycum Raf. 1809
= Coilomyces Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1854
= Geasteropsis Hollós 1903
= Plecostoma Desv. 1809
= Radiigera Zeller 1944
= Trichaster Czern. 1845
Myriostoma Desv. 1809
= Bovistoides Lloyd 1919
= Polystoma Gray 1821
Nidulariopsis Greis 1935
Phialastrum Sunhede 1989
Schenella T. Macbr. 1911
= Pyrenogaster Malençon & Riousset 1977
Sphaerobolus Tode 1790
= Carpobolus P. Micheli 1729
= Carpobolus P. Micheli ex Willd. 1787
= Carpobolus P. Micheli ex Paulet 1808
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Siropeltis Arx & R. Garnier 1960
Family Sclerogastraceae Locq. ex P.M. Kirk 2008
Sclerogaster R. Hesse 1891
Geastrales genera incertae sedis
Boninogaster Kobayasi 1937
Order Gloeophyllales Thorn 2007
Family Gloeophyllaceae Jülich 1982
Boreostereum Parmasto 1968
Campylomyces Nakasone 2004
Chaetodermella Rauschert 1988
= Chaetoderma Parmasto 1968
Gloeophyllum P. Karst. 1882
= Anisomyces Theiss. & Syd. 1914
= Ceratophora Humb. 1793
= Phaeocoriolellus Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
= Reisneria Velen. 1922
= Serda Adans. 1763
= Sesia Adans. 1763
Griseoporia Ginns 1984
Heliocybe Redhead & Ginns 1985
Hispidaedalea Y.C. Dai & S.H. He 2014
Mycothele Jülich 1976
Neolentinus Redhead & Ginns 1985
Osmoporus Singer 1944
Stiptophyllum Ryvarden 1973
Veluticeps Cooke 1879
= Chaetocarpus P. Karst. 1889
= Columnocystis Pouzar 1959
Gloeophyllales genera incertae sedis
Pileodon P. Roberts & Hjortstam 1998
Order Gomphales Jülich 1981
Family Clavariadelphaceae Corner 1970
Beenakia D.A. Reid 1956
= Psathyrodon Maas Geest. 1977
Clavariadelphus Donk 1933
Family Gomphaceae Donk 1961
Araeocoryne Corner 1950
Ceratellopsis Konrad & Maubl. 1937
= Ceratella Pat. 1887
Delentaria Corner 1970
Destuntzia Fogel & Trappe 1985
Gautieria Vittad. 1831
= Ciliciocarpus Corda 1831
= Uslaria Nieuwl. 1916
Gloeocantharellus Singer 1945
= Alectorolophoides Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Linderomyces Singer 1947
Gomphus Pers. 1797
= Gomphora Fr. 1825
Phaeoclavulina Brinkmann 1897
= Chloroneuron Murrill 1911
Protogautieria A.H. Sm. 1965
Pseudogomphus R. Heim 1970
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Ramaria Fr. ex Bonord. 1851
= Capitoclavaria Lloyd 1922
= Cladaria Ritgen 1828
= Clavariella P. Karst. 1881
= Corallium G. Hahn 1883
= Coralloidea Roussel 1806
= Coralloides Tourn. ex Battarra 1755
= Dendrocladium (Pat.) Lloyd 1919
Ramaricium J. Erikss. 1954
Terenodon Maas Geest. 1971
Turbinellus Earle 1909
Family Lentariaceae Jülich 1982
Hydnocristella R.H. Petersen 1971
Kavinia Pilát 1938
Lentaria Corner 1950
Order Hymenochaetales Oberw. 1977
Family Hymenochaetaceae Donk 1948
Arambarria Rajchenb. & Pildain 2015
Asterodon Pat. 1894
= Aciella (P. Karst.) P. Karst. 1899
= Hydnochaetella Sacc. 1898
Aurificaria D.A. Reid 1963
Botryodontia (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Hjortstam
1987
Clavariachaete Corner 1950
= Clavariachaeta Lloyd 1922
Coltricia Gray 1821
= Coltriciopsis Teixeira 1991
= Cycloporus Murrill 1904
= Pelloporus Quél. 1886
= Polystictus Fr. 1851
= Strilia Gray 1821
= Volvopolyporus McGinty 1909
= Xanthochrous Pat. 1897
Coltriciella Murrill 1904
Coniferiporia L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai 2016
Cylindrosporus L.W. Zhou 2015
Deviodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden
2009
Dichochaete Parmasto 2001
Erythromyces Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1990
Fomitiporella Murrill 1907
Fomitiporia Murrill 1907
Fulvifomes Murrill 1914
Fuscoporia Murrill 1907
Hastodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden
2009
Hydnochaete Bres. 1896
Hymenochaete Lév. 1846
= Cerrenella Murrill 1905
= Cyclomycetella Murrill 1904
135
= Cycloporellus Murrill 1907
= Hymenochaetella P. Karst. 1889
= Leptochaete Lév. 1846
= Stipitochaete Ryvarden 1985
Hymenochaetopsis S.H. He & Jiao Yang 2016
= Hydnoporia Murrill 1907
= Pseudochaete T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2002
Inocutis Fiasson & Niemelä 1984
Inonotopsis Parmasto 1973
Inonotus P. Karst. 1879
= Flaviporellus Murrill 1905
= Phaeoporus J. Schröt. 1888
= Polystictoides Lázaro Ibiza 1916
Mensularia Lázaro Ibiza 1916
Neomensularia F. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai
2016
Nothophellinus Rajchenb. 2015
Onnia P. Karst. 1889
= Mucronoporus Ellis & Everh. 1889
Phellinidium (Kotl.) Fiasson & Niemelä 1984
Phellinopsis Y.C. Dai 2010
Phellinotus Drechsler-Santos, Robledo & Rajchenb. 2016
Phellinus Quél. 1886
= Boletus Dill. 1719
= Boletus Dill. ex Gray 1821
= Boudiera Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Fuscoporella Murrill 1907
= Ochroporus J. Schröt. 1888
= Ochrosporellus (Bondartseva & S. Herrera)
Bondartseva & S. Herrera 1992
= Pseudofomes Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Pyropolyporus Murrill 1903
= Scalaria Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Scindalma Hill ex Kuntze 1898
Phellopilus Niemelä, T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2001
Phylloporia Murrill 1904
= Cryptoderma Imazeki 1943
= Daedaloides Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Phaeolopsis Murrill 1905
Porodaedalea Murrill 1905
Pseudoinonotus T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2001
Pyrrhoderma Imazeki 1966
Sanghuangporus Sheng H. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C.
Dai 2015
Tropicoporus L.W. Zhou, Y.C. Dai & Sheng H.
Wu 2015
Tubulicrinis Donk 1956
Xanthoporia Murrill 1916
Family Neoantrodiellaceae Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui, Jia J.
Chen & H.S. Yuan 2015
123
136
Neoantrodiella Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui, Jia J. Chen &
H.S. Yuan 2015
Family Nigrofomitaceae Jülich 1982
Nigrofomes Murrill 1904
= Melanoporella Murrill 1907
= Melanoporia Murrill 1907
Family Oxyporaceae Zmitr. & V. Malysheva 2014
Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk 1933
Family Rickenellaceae Vizzini 2010
Alloclavaria Dentinger & D.J. McLaughlin 2007
Atheloderma Parmasto 1968
Contumyces Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys &
Lutzoni 2002
= Jacobia Contu 1998
Cotylidia P. Karst. 1881
= Bresadolina Brinkmann 1909
= Craterella Pers. 1794
= Stereophyllum P. Karst. 1889
Globulicium Hjortstam 1973
Peniophorella P. Karst. 1889
Resinicium Parmasto 1968
Rickenella Raithelh. 1973
Family Schizoporaceae Jülich 1982
Alutaceodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden
2002
Basidioradulum Nobles 1967
Echinoporia Ryvarden 1980
= Echinodia Pat. 1918
Fibrodontia Parmasto 1968
Hyphodontia J. Erikss. 1958
= Chaetoporellus Bondartsev & Singer 1941
Lagarobasidium Jülich 1974
Leucophellinus Bondartsev & Singer 1944
= Oxyflavus Ryvarden 1973
Odontiopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980
Paratrichaptum Corner 1987
Poriodontia Parmasto 1982
Rogersella Liberta & A.J. Navas 1978
Schizopora Velen. 1922
Xylodon (Pers.) Gray 1821
= Palifer Stalpers & P.K. Buchanan 1991
Hymenochaetales genera incertae sedis
Caeruleomyces Stalpers 2000
Cantharellopsis Kuyper 1986
Cyanotrama Ghobad-Nejhad & Y.C. Dai 2010
Fibricium J. Erikss. 1958
Ginnsia Sheng H. Wu & Hallenb. 2010
Gyroflexus Raithelh. 1981
= Sphagnomphalia Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys
& Lutzoni 2002
Kurtia Karasiński 2014
Lawrynomyces Karasiński 2013
Muscinupta Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey 2009
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Physodontia Ryvarden & H. Solheim 1977
Sidera Miettinen & K.H. Larss. 2011
Skvortzovia Bononi & Hjortstam 1987
Subulicium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1979
Trichaptum Murrill 1904
= Hirschioporus Donk 1933
Tsugacorticium Nakasone & Burds. 2011
Order Hysterangiales K. Hosaka & Castellano 2007
Family Gallaceaceae Locq. ex P.M. Kirk 2008
Austrogautieria E.L. Stewart & Trappe 1985
Gallacea Lloyd 1905
Hallingea Castellano 1996
Family Hysterangiaceae E. Fisch. 1899
Aroramyces Castellano & Verbeken 2000
Circulocolumella S. Ito & S. Imai 1957
= Stalactocolumella S. Imai 1950
Clathrogaster Petri 1900
Hysterangium Vittad. 1831
Family Mesophelliaceae Jülich 1982
Andebbia Trappe, Castellano & Amar. 1996
Castoreum Cooke & Massee 1887
Chondrogaster Maire 1926
Gummiglobus Trappe, Castellano & Amar. 1996
Gummivena Trappe & Bougher 2002
Malajczukia Trappe & Castellano 1992
Mesophellia Berk. 1857
= Potoromyces Müll. bis ex Hollós 1902
Nothocastoreum G.W. Beaton 1984
Family Phallogastraceae Locq. 1974
Phallogaster Morgan 1893
Protubera Möller 1895
= Protophallus Murrill 1910
Family Trappeaceae P.M. Kirk 2008
Phallobata G. Cunn. 1926
Restingomyces Sulzbacher, Grebenc & Baseia
2016
Trappea Castellano 1990
Order Jaapiales Manfr. Binder, K.H. Larss. & Hibbett
2010
Family Jaapiaceae Manfr. Binder, K.H. Larss. & Hibbett 2010
Jaapia Bres. 1911
= Coniobotrys Pouzar 1958
Order Lepidostromatales B.P. Hodk. & Lücking 2014
Family Lepidostromataceae Ertz, Eb. Fisch., Killmann, Sérus. & Lawrey 2008
Ertzia B.P. Hodk. & Lücking 2014
Lepidostroma Mägd. & S. Winkl. 1967
Sulzbacheromyces B.P. Hodk. & Lücking 2014
Order Phallales E. Fisch. 1898
Family Claustulaceae G. Cunn. 1931
Claustula K.M. Curtis 1926
Gelopellis Zeller 1939
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Kjeldsenia W. Colgan, Castellano & Bougher
1995
Phlebogaster Fogel 1980
Pseudogelopellis K. Tao & B. Liu 1996
Family Gastrosporiaceae Pilát 1934
Gastrosporium Mattir. 1903
Family Phallaceae Corda 1842
Abrachium Baseia & T.S. Cabral 2012
Aporophallus Möller 1895
Aseroë Labill. 1800
Blumenavia Möller 1895
Calvarula Zeller 1939
Clathrus P. Micheli ex L. 1753
= Anthurus Kalchbr. & MacOwan 1880
= Aserophallus Mont. & Lepr. 1845
= Clathrella E. Fisch. 1898
= Cletria P. Browne 1756
= Colonnaria Raf. 1808
= Dycticia Raf. 1808
= Linderiella G. Cunn. 1942
Colus Cavalier & Séchier 1835
Echinophallus Henn. 1898
Endoclathrus B. Liu, Yin H. Liu & Z.J. Gu 2000
Endophallus M. Zang & R.H. Petersen 1989
Ileodictyon Tul. & C. Tul. 1844
Itajahya Möller 1895
= Alboffiella Speg. 1898
Kobayasia S. Imai & A. Kawam. 1958
Laternea Turpin 1822
Ligiella J.A. Sáenz 1980
Lysurus Fr. 1823
= Calathiscus Mont. 1841
= Desmaturus (Schltdl.) Kalchbr. 1880
= Dictyobole G.F. Atk. & Long 1902
= Kalchbrennera Berk. 1876
= Kupsura Lloyd 1924
= Mycopharus Petch 1926
= Pharus Petch 1919
= Schizmaturus (Corda) Kalchbr. 1880
= Simblum Klotzsch ex Hook. 1831
= Sinolloydia C.H. Chow 1936
Mutinus Fr. 1849
= Aedycia Raf. 1808
= Caromyxa Mont. 1856
= Corynites Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1853
= Cynophallus (Fr.) Corda 1842
= Floccomutinus Henn. 1895
= Foetidaria A. St.-Hil. 1835
= Jansia Penz. 1899
Neolysurus O.K. Mill., Ovrebo & Burk 1991
Phallus Junius ex L. 1753
137
= Clautriavia (Pat.) Lloyd 1909
= Cryptophallus Peck 1897
= Dictyopeplos Kuhl & Hasselt 1824
= Dictyophallus Corda 1842
= Dictyophora Desv. 1809
= Hymenophallus Nees 1816
= Jaczewskia Mattir. 1912
= Kirchbaumia Schulzer 1866
= Morellus Eaton 1818
= Omphalophallus Kalchbr. 1883
= Phalloidastrum Battarra 1755
= Retigerus Raddi 1829
= Satyrus Bosc 1811
= Sophronia Pers. 1827
Protuberella S. Imai & A. Kawam. 1958
Pseudoclathrus B. Liu & Y.S. Bau 1980
Pseudocolus Lloyd 1907
Staheliomyces E. Fisch. 1921
Staurophallus Mont. 1845
Stephanophallus MacOwan 1880
Xylophallus (Schltdl.) E. Fisch. 1933
Phallales genera incertae sedis
Saprogaster Fogel & States 2001
Vandasia Velen. 1922
Order Polyporales Gäum. 1926
Family Cerrenaceae Miettinen, Justo & Hibbett 2017
Cerrena Gray 1821
= Phyllodontia P. Karst. 1883
Irpiciporus Murrill 1905
Pseudolagarobasidium J.C. Jang & T.Chen 1985
Radulodon Ryvarden 1972
Family Dacryobolaceae Jülich 1981
Amylocystis Bondartsev & Singer ex Singer 1944
Dacryobolus Fr. 1849
= Gloeocystidium P. Karst. 1889
Jahnoporus Nuss 1980
Oligoporus Bref. 1888
= Strangulidium Pouzar 1967
Osteina Donk 1966
Postia Fr. 1874
= Hemidiscia Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Ptychogaster Corda 1838
Spongiporus Murrill 1905
Family Fomitopsidaceae Jülich 1982
= Daedaleaceae Jülich 1981
= Piptoporaceae Jülich 1981
Adustoporia Audet 2017
Anthoporia Karasiński & Niemelä 2016
Antrodia P. Karst. 1879
= Cartilosoma Kotl. & Pouzar 1958
= Coriolellus Murrill 1905
123
138
Antrodiopsis Audet 2017
Brunneoporus Audet 2017
Buglossoporus Kotl. & Pouzar 1966
Daedalea Pers. 1801
= Agarico-suber Paulet 1793
= Striglia Adans. 1763
Dentiporus Audet 2017
Flavidoporia Audet 2017
Fomitopsis P. Karst. 1881
= Pilatoporus Kotl. & Pouzar 1990
= Placoderma (Ricken) Ulbr. 1928
= Ungularia Lázaro Ibiza 1916
Fragifomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016
Laricifomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
= Agaricon Tourn. ex Adans. 1763
= Agarico-pulpa Paulet 1793
= Agaricum P. Micheli ex Haller 1768
= Agaricum Paulet 1812
Lentoporia Audet 2017
Neoantrodia Audet 2017
Neolentiporus Rajchenb. 1995
Niveoporofomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai
2016
Ranadivia Zmitr. 2018
Resinoporia Audet 2017
Rhizoporia Audet 2017
Rhodofomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1990
Rhodofomitopsis B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai
2016
Rubellofomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai
2016
Subantrodia Audet 2017
Ungulidaedalea B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai
2016
Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. 1984
= Pachyma Fr. 1822
Family Fragiliporiaceae Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L.
Zhao 2015
Fragiliporia Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao 2015
Family Gelatoporiaceae Miettinen, Justo & Hibbett
2017
Cinereomyces Jülich 1982
Gelatoporia Niemelä 1985
Obba Miettinen & Rajchenb. 2012
Sebipora Miettinen 2012
Family Grifolaceae Jülich 1982
Aegis Gómez-Montoya, Rajchenb. & Robledo
2017
Grifola Gray 1821
= Cladodendron Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Polypilus P. Karst. 1881
Family Hyphodermataceae Jülich 1981
Hyphoderma Fr. 1833
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Mutatoderma (Parmasto) C.E. Gómez 1976
= Pycnodon Underw. 1898
Family Incrustoporiaceae Jülich 1982
Gloeoporellus Zmitr. 2018
Incrustoporia Domanski 1963
Piloporia Niemelä 1982
Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar 1958
= Leptotrimitus Pouzar 1966
Tyromyces P. Karst. 1881
Family Irpicaceae Spirin & Zmitr. 2003
Byssomerulius Parmasto 1967
Ceriporia Donk 1933
Cytidiella Pouzar 1954
Efibula Sheng H. Wu 1990
Emmia Zmitr., Spirin & Malysheva 2006
Flavodon Ryvarden 1973
Gloeoporus Mont. 1842
= Vitreoporus Zmitr. 2018
Hydnopolyporus D.A.Reid 1962
Irpex Fr. 1825
Leptoporus Quél. 1886
Meruliopsis Bondartsev 1959
Raduliporus Spirin & Zmitr. 2006
Resiniporus Zmitr. 2018
Trametopsis Tomšovský 2008
Family Ischnodermataceae Jülich 1981
Ischnoderma P. Karst. 1879
= Lasiochlaena Pouzar 1990
Family Laetiporaceae Jülich 1981
= Phaeolaceae Jülich 1981
Kusaghiporia J. Hussein, S. Tibell & Tubuhwa
2018
Laetiporus Murrill 1904
= Cladoporus (Pers.) Chevall. 1826
Phaeolus (Pat.) Pat. 1900
= Choriphyllum Velen. 1922
= Spongiosus Lloyd ex Torrend 1920
Family Meripilaceae Jülich 1982
= Rigidoporaceae Jülich 1981
Meripilus P. Karst. 1882
= Flabellopilus Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
Pseudonadsoniella T.O. Kondr. & S.Y. Kondr.
2015
Rigidoporus Murrill 1905
= Leucofomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
Family Meruliaceae Rea 1922
= Climacodontaceae Jülich 1981
= Phlebiaceae Jülich 1981
Aurantiopileus Ginns, D.L. Lindner & T.J. Baroni
2010
Aurantiporus Murrill 1905
Ceriporiopsis Domański 1963
Climacodon P. Karst. 1881
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Crustodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005
Geesterania Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb.
2018
Hermanssonia Zmitr. 2018
Hydnophanerochaete Sheng H. Wu & C.C. Chen
2018
Hydnophlebia Parmasto 1967
Lilaceophlebia (Parmasto) Spirin & Zmitr. 2004
Luteoporia F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He 2016
Merulius Fr. 1821
Mycoacia Donk 1931
Mycoaciella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1978
= Ceraceohydnum Jülich 1978
Odoria V. Papp & Dima 2017
Pappia Zmitr. 2018
Phlebia Fr. 1821
= Jacksonomyces Jülich 1979
Phlebiporia Jia J. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai
2014
Physisporinus P. Karst. 1889
Sarcodontia Schulzer 1866
= Oxydontia L.W. Mill. 1933
Scopuloides (Massee) Höhn. & Litsch. 1908
Stereophlebia Zmitr. 2018
Family Panaceae Miettinen, Justo & Hibbett 2017
Cymatoderma Jungh. 1840
= Actinostroma Klotzsch 1843
= Beccariella Ces. 1879
= Cladoderris Pers. ex Berk. 1842
Panus Fr. 1838
= Lentinopanus Pilát 1941
Family Phanerochaetaceae Jülich 1982
= Hapalopilaceae Jülich 1981
= Bjerkanderaceae Jülich 1981
Bjerkandera P. Karst. 1879
= Myriadoporus Peck 1884
Donkia Pilát 1937
Efibulella Zmitr. 2018
Geliporus Yuan Yuan, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He 2017
Hapalopilus P. Karst. 1881
Hyphodermella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976
Odontoefibula C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu 2018
Oxychaete Miettinen 2016
Phaeophlebiopsis D. Floudas & Hibbett 2015
Phanerina Miettinen 2016
Phanerochaete P. Karst. 1889
= Atheliachaete Spirin & Zmitr. 2011
= Grandiniella P. Karst. 1895
= Hjortstamia Boidin & Gilles 2003
= Xerocarpus P. Karst. 1881
Phlebiopsis Jülich 1978
139
Pirex Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1985
Porostereum Pilát 1937
Rhizochaete Gresl., Nakasone & Rajchenb. 2004
Riopa D.A. Reid 1969
= Sporotrichum Link 1809
Terana Adans. 1763
= Pulcherricium Parmasto 1968
Family Podoscyphaceae D.A. Reid 1965
Abortiporus Murrill 1904
= Heteroporus Lázaro Ibiza 1916
= Irpicium Bref. 1912
= Sporotrichopsis Stalpers 2000
Podoscypha Pat. 1900
Pouzaroporia Vampola 1992
Family Polyporaceae Fr. ex Corda 1839
= Ganodermataceae (Donk) Donk 1948
= Coriolaceae Singer 1961
= Cryptoporaceae Jülich 1981
= Echinochaetaceae Jülich 1981
= Fomitaceae Jülich 1981
= Grammotheleaceae Jülich 1981
= Haddowiaceae Jülich 1981
= Microporaceae Jülich 1981
= Pachykytosporaceae Jülich 1981
= Perenniporiaceae Jülich 1981
= Sparsitubaceae Jülich 1981
= Lophariaceae Boidin, Mugnier & Canales 1998
= Trametaceae Boidin, Mugnier & Canales 1998
Abundisporus Ryvarden 1999
Amauroderma Murrill 1905
= Magoderna Steyaert 1972
Atroporus Ryvarden 1973
= Cladomeris Quél. 1886
= Dendropolyporus (Pouzar) Jülich 1982
= Mycelithe Gasp. 1841
Australoporus P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden 1988
Bresadolia Speg. 1883
Cerarioporia F. Wu, L.W. Zhou & J. Si 2016
Cerioporus Quél. 1886
= Grandinioides Banker 1906
= Melanopus Pat. 1887
= Mycobonia Pat. 1894
= Petaloides Lloyd ex Torrend 1920
Cinereomycetella Zmitr. 2018
Colospora Miettinen & Spirin 2015
Coriolopsis Murrill 1905
Cryptoporus (Peck) Shear 1902
Daedaleopsis J. Schröt. 1888
= Apoxona Donk 1969
Datronia Donk 1966
Datroniella B.K. Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai 2014
123
140
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Dentocorticium (Parmasto) M.J. Larsen & Gilb.
1974
= Dendrodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980
Dextrinoporus H.S. Yuan 2018
Dichomitus D.A. Reid 1965
Donkioporia Kotl. & Pouzar 1973
Donkioporiella L.W. Zhou 2016
Earliella Murrill 1905
Echinochaete D.A. Reid 1963
= Dendrochaete G. Cunn. 1965
Endopandanicola Tibpromma & K.D. Hyde 2018
Epithele (Pat.) Pat. 1900
Epithelopsis Jülich 1976
Favolus Fr. 1828
Flammeopellis Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao
2014
Fomes (Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Elfvingiella Murrill 1914
Globifomes Murrill 1904
= Placodes Quél. 1886
= Ungulina Pat. 1900
Fomitella Murrill 1905
Foraminispora Robledo, Costa-Rezende &
Drechsler-Santos 2017
Funalia Pat. 1900
Furtadoa Costa-Rezende, Robledo & DrechslerSantos 2017
Ganoderma P. Karst. 1881
= Elfvingia P. Karst. 1889
Grammothele Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868
Grammothelopsis Jülich 1982
Haddowia Steyaert 1972
Haploporus Bondartsev & Singer 1944
Hexagonia Fr. 1835
Hornodermoporus Teixeira 1993
Humphreya Steyaert 1972
Laccocephalum McAlpine & Tepper 1895
Leifiporia Y.C. Dai, F. Wu & C.L. Zhao 2016
Lentinus Fr. 1825
= Lentodiellum Murrill 1915
= Lentodium Morgan 1895
= Leucoporus Quél. 1886
= Polyporellus P. Karst. 1879
Lignosus Lloyd ex Torrend 1920
Lopharia Kalchbr. & MacOwan 1881
= Lloydella Bres. 1901
= Thwaitesiella Massee 1892
Megasporia B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li 2013
Megasporoporia Ryvarden & J.E. Wright 1982
Megasporoporiella B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li
2013
Melanoderma B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai 2011
Microporellus Murrill 1905
123
Microporus P. Beauv. 1805
Mollicarpus Ginns 1984
Murinicarpus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai 2019
Myriothele Nakasone 2013
Navisporus Ryvarden 1980
Neodatronia B.K. Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai 2014
Neodictyopus Palacio, Robledo, Reck & Drechsler-Santos 2017
Neofavolus Sotome & T. Hatt. 2013
Neofomitella Y.C. Dai, Hai J. Li & Vlasák 2014
Pachykytospora Kotl. & Pouzar 1963
Perenniporia Murrill 1942
= Physisporus Chevall. 1826
Perenniporiella Decock & Ryvarden 2003
Perenniporiopsis C.L. Zhao 2017
Phaeotrametes Lloyd ex J.E. Wright 1966
= Phaeotrametes Lloyd 1915
Picipes Zmitr. & Kovalenko 2016
Pilatotrama Zmitr. 2018
Podofomes Pouzar 1966
Polyporopsis Audet 2010
Polyporus [P. Micheli ex Adans.] Fr. 1821
Porogramme (Pat.) Pat. 1900
= Tinctoporia Murrill 1907
Pseudofavolus Pat. 1900
Pseudomegasporoporia X.H. Ji & F. Wu 2017
Pseudopiptoporus Ryvarden 1980
Pyrofomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1964
Rubroporus Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo
2002
Sparsitubus L.W. Hsu & J.D. Zhao 1980
Szczepkamyces Zmitr. 2018
Theleporus Fr. 1847
Thermophymatospora Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah 1986
Tinctoporellus Ryvarden 1979
Tomophagus Murrill 1905
Trametes Fr. 1836
= Artolenzites Falck 1909
= Cellularia Bull. 1788
= Cellulariella Zmitr. & Malysheva 2014
= Coriolus Quél. 1886
= Cubamyces Murrill 1905
= Leiotrametes Welti & Courtec. 2012
= Lenzites Fr. 1836
= Pseudotrametes Bondartsev & Singer 1944
= Pycnoporus P. Karst. 1881
= Tomentoporus Ryvarden 1973
= Trametella Pinto-Lopes 1952
Truncospora Pilát 1953
= Loweporus J.E. Wright 1976
Vanderbylia D.A. Reid 1973
Yuchengia B.K. Cui & K.T. Steffen 2013
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Family Sparassidaceae Jülich 1981
Crustoderma Parmasto 1968
Pycnoporellus Murrill 1905
= Aurantiporellus Murrill 1905
Sparassis Fr. 1819
= Masseeola Kuntze 1891
Family Steccherinaceae Parmasto 1968
= Mycorraphiacaeae Jülich 1981
Antella Miettinen 2016
Antrodiella Ryvarden & I. Johans. 1980
Atraporiella Ryvarden 2007
Austeria Miettinen 2016
Butyrea Miettinen 2016
Cabalodontia Pia˛tek 2004
Caudicicola Miettinen, M. Kulju & Kotir. 2017
Citripora Miettinen 2016
Elaphroporia Z.Q. Wu & C.L. Zhao 2018
Flabellophora G. Cunn. 1965
Flaviporus Murrill 1905
= Baeostratoporus Bondartsev & Singer 1944
Frantisekia Spirin & Zmitr. 2007
Junghuhnia Corda 1842
= Chaetoporus P. Karst. 1890
Lamelloporus Ryvarden 1987
Loweomyces (Kotl. & Pouzar) Jülich 1982
Metuloidea G. Cunn. 1965
Mycorrhaphium Maas Geest. 1962
Niemelaea Zmitr., Ezhov & Khimich 2015
Nigroporus Murrill 1905
Steccherinum Gray 1821
= Etheirodon Banker 1902
= Odontina Pat. 1887
Trullella Zmitr. 2018
Xanthoporus Audet 2010
Polyporales genera incertae sedis
Aegeritopsis Höhn. 1903
Amaropostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai
2019
Amaurohydnum Jülich 1978
Amauromyces Jülich 1978
Amethicium Hjortstam 1983
Amyloporia Singer 1944
Aquascypha D.A. Reid 1965
Auriporia Ryvarden 1973
Australicium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2002
Australohydnum Jülich 1978
Austrolentinus Ryvarden 1991
Bourdotiella Duhem & Schultheis 2011
Bulbillomyces Jülich 1974
= Aegerita Pers. 1794
= Crocysporium Corda 1837
141
= Dermosporium Link 1816
Calcipostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019
Candelabrochaete Boidin 1970
Climacocystis Kotl. & Pouzar 1958
Columnodontia Jülich 1979
Conohypha Jülich 1975
Coralloderma D.A. Reid 1965
Cordochaete Sanyal, Samita, Dhingra & Avn.P.
Singh 2013
Cryptomphalina R. Heim 1966
Cyanodontia Hjortstam 1987
Cyanosporus McGinty 1909
Cystidiopostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai
2019
Dendrophlebia Dhingra & Priyanka 2011
Diacanthodes Singer 1945
Diplomitoporus Domański 1970
= Fabisporus Zmitr. 2001
Erastia Niemelä & Kinnunen 2005
Faerberia Pouzar 1981
= Geopetalum Pat. 1887
Fibroporia Parmasto 1968
Fuscopostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019
Gilbertsonia Parmasto 2001
Globosomyces Jülich 1980
Globuliciopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004
Gyrophanopsis Jülich 1979
= Hyphodermopsis Jülich 1982
Henningsia Möller 1895
Hymenogramme Mont. & Berk. 1844
Hyphodontiastra Hjortstam 1999
Hypochnicium J. Erikss. 1958
Inflatostereum D.A. Reid 1965
Irpicochaete Rick 1940
Laetifomes T. Hatt. 2001
Macrohyporia I. Johans. & Ryvarden 1979
Meruliophana Duhem & Buyck 2011
Mycoleptodonoides Nikol. 1952
Mycorrhaphoides Hembrom, K. Das & Hallenb.
2017
Nigrohydnum Ryvarden 1987
Phaneroites Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010
Phanerodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010
Phlebiella P. Karst. 1890
Piptoporellus B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai
2016
Pseudofibroporia Yuan Y. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C.
Dai 2017
Repetobasidiopsis Dhingra & Avn.P. Singh 2008
Rhodonia Niemelä 2005
= Caloporus P. Karst. 1881
123
142
Rickiopora Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb.
2016
Roseofavolus T. Hatt. 2003
Roseograndinia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005
Ryvardenia Rajchenb. 1994
Sarcoporia P. Karst. 1894
Skeletohydnum Jülich 1979
Sparassiella Schwarzman 1964
Spathulina Pat. 1900
Spongioides Lázaro Ibiza 1916
Spongipellis Pat. 1887
Stegiacantha Maas Geest. 1966
Taiwanofungus Sheng H. Wu, Z.H. Yu, Y.C. Dai
& C.H. Su 2004
Uncobasidium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1978
Order Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon &
J.C. David 2001
Family Albatrellaceae Nuss 1980
Albatrellopsis Teixeira 1993
Albatrellus Gray 1821
= Ovinus (Lloyd) Torrend 1920
Byssoporia M.J. Larsen & Zak 1978
Leucogaster R. Hesse 1882
Leucophleps Harkn. 1899
= Cremeogaster Mattir. 1924
Mycolevis A.H. Sm. 1965
Polyporoletus Snell 1936
Scutiger Paulet 1808
Family Auriscalpiaceae Maas Geest. 1963
Amylonotus Ryvarden 1975
Artomyces Jülich 1982
Auriscalpium Gray 1821
= Pleurodon Quél. ex P. Karst. 1881
Dentipratulum Domański 1965
Lentinellus P. Karst. 1879
= Hemicybe P. Karst. 1879
Stalpersia Parmasto 2001
Family Bondarzewiaceae Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
Amylaria Corner 1955
Amylosporus Ryvarden 1973
= Rigidoporopsis I. Johans. & Ryvarden 1979
Bondarzewia Singer 1940
Gloiodon P. Karst. 1879
= Leaia Banker 1906
= Sclerodon P. Karst. 1889
Heterobasidion Bref. 1888
Laurilia Pouzar 1959
Lauriliella Nakasone & S.H. He 2017
Stecchericium D.A. Reid 1963
Wrightoporia Pouzar 1966
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Family Echinodontiaceae Donk 1961
= Amylostereaceae Boidin, Mugnier & Canales 1998
Amylostereum Boidin 1958
= Lloydellopsis Pouzar 1959
= Trichocarpus P. Karst. 1889
Echinodontiellum S.H. He & Nakasone 2017
Echinodontium Ellis & Everh. 1900
= Hydnofomes Henn. 1900
Larssoniporia Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui
2015
Family Hericiaceae Donk 1964
Dentipellicula Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou 2013
Dentipellis Donk 1962
= Amylodontia Nikol. 1967
Hericium Pers. 1794
= Friesites P. Karst. 1879
= Hericium Schrank 1786
= Hericius Juss. 1789
= Martella Endl. 1836
= Medusina Chevall. 1826
Laxitextum Lentz 1956
Pseudowrightoporia Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K.
Cui 2015
Wrightoporiopsis Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui
2015
Family Hybogasteraceae Jülich 1982
Hybogaster Singer 1964
Family Peniophoraceae Lotsy 1907
= Lachnocladiaceae Jülich 1982
Amylofungus Sheng H. Wu 1996
Asterostroma Massee 1889
Baltazaria Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff.
2018
Dendrophora (Parmasto) Chamuris 1987
Dichostereum Pilát 1926
Duportella Pat. 1915
Entomocorticium H.S. Whitney, Bandoni &
Oberw. 1987
Gloiothele Bres. 1920
Lachnocladium Lév. 1846
= Eriocladus Lév. 1846
= Stelligera R. Heim 1938
= Stelligera R. Heim ex Doty 1948
Licrostroma P.A. Lemke 1964
= Michenera Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868
Metulodontia Parmasto 1968
Peniophora Cooke 1879
= Cryptochaete P. Karst. 1889
= Gloeopeniophora Höhn. & Litsch. 1907
= Sterellum P. Karst. 1889
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Sceptrulum K.H. Larss. 2014
Scytinostroma Donk 1956
Vararia P. Karst. 1898
= Asterostromella Höhn. & Litsch. 1907
= Denrophysellum Parmasto 1968
Vesiculomyces E. Hagstr. 1977
Family Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam 1982
Gloeopeniophorella Rick 1934
Lactarius Pers. 1797
= Arcangeliella Cavara 1900
= Galorrheus (Fr.) Fr. 1825
= Gastrolactarius R. Heim 1971
= Gastrolactarius R. Heim ex J.M. Vidal 2005
= Gloeocybe Earle 1909
= Lactariella J. Schröt. 1889
= Zelleromyces Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel 1806
= Lactariopsis Henn. 1901
= Pleurogala Redhead & Norvell 1993
Multifurca Buyck & V. Hofst. 2008
Pseudoxenasma K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1976
Russula Pers. 1796
= Bucholtzia Lohwag 1924
= Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
= Dixophyllum Earle 1909
= Elasmomyces Cavara 1897
= Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
= Lactarelis Earle 1909
= Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
= Martellia Mattir. 1900
= Omphalomyces Battarra ex Earle 1909
= Phaeohygrocybe Henn. 1901
= Russulina J. Schröt. 1889
Family Stereaceae Pilát 1930
Acanthobasidium Oberw. 1965
Acanthofungus Sheng H. Wu, Boidin & C.Y.
Chien 2000
Acanthophysellum Parmasto 1967
Acanthophysium (Pilát) G. Cunn. 1963
Aleurobotrys Boidin 1986
Aleurodiscus Rabenh. ex J. Schröt. 1888
= Aleurodiscus Rabenh. 1874
= Aleurodiscus Cooke 1885
Aleuromyces Boidin & Gilles 2002
Amylohyphus Ryvarden 1978
Amylosporomyces S.S. Rattan 1977
Confertextum Priyanka & Dhingra 2014
Conferticium Hallenb. 1980
Dextrinocystidium Sheng H. Wu 1996
Gloeocystidiellum Donk 1931
Gloeocystidiopsis Jülich 1982
Gloeomyces Sheng H. Wu 1996
143
Gloeosoma Bres. 1920
Matula Massee 1888
Megalocystidium Jülich 1978
Neoaleurodiscus Sheng H. Wu 2010
Scotoderma Jülich 1974
Stereum Hill ex Pers. 1794
= Haematostereum Pouzar 1959
Xylobolus P. Karst. 1881
Family Xenasmataceae Oberw. 1965
Xenasma Donk 1957
Xenasmatella Oberw. 1965
Xenosperma Oberw. 1965
Russulales genera incertae sedis
Aleurocystidiellum P.A. Lemke 1964
Dentipellopsis Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou 2013
Dichantharellus Corner 1966
Dichopleuropus D.A. Reid 1965
Gloeoasterostroma Rick 1938
Gloeodontia Boidin 1966
Gloeohypochnicium (Parmasto) Hjortstam 1987
Haloaleurodiscus N. Maek., Suhara & K. Kinjo
2005
Laeticutis Audet 2010
Neoalbatrellus Audet 2010
Perplexostereum Ryvarden & S. Tutka 2014
Polypus Audet 2010
Scopulodontia Hjortstam 1998
Scytinostromella Parmasto 1968
= Confertobasidium Jülich 1972
Xeroceps Audet 2010
Order Sebacinales M. Weiss, Selosse, Rexer, A. Urb. &
Oberw. 2004
Family Sebacinaceae K. Wells & Oberw. 1982
Chaetospermum Sacc. 1892
Ditangium P. Karst. 1867
= Craterocolla Bref. 1888
= Poroidea Göttinger ex G. Winter 1885
Efibulobasidium K. Wells 1975
Globulisebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess 2014
Helvellosebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess
2014
Paulisebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess 2014
Sebacina Tul. & C. Tul. 1871
= Atkinsonia Lloyd 1916
= Collodendrum Clem. 1909
= Corticioides Lloyd 1908
= Cristella Pat. 1887
= Opadorhiza T.F. Andersen & R.T. Moore 1996
= Soppittiella Massee 1892
= Tremellodendron G.F. Atk. 1902
Tremelloscypha D.A. Reid 1979
= Tremellostereum Ryvarden 1986
123
144
Family Serendipitaceae M. Weiss, Waller, A. Zuccaro
& Selosse 2016
Serendipita P. Roberts 1993
= Piriformospora Sav. Verma, Aj. Varma, Rexer,
G. Kost & P. Franken 1998
Order Stereopsidales Sjökvist, E. Larss., B.E. Pfeil &
K.H. Larss. 2013
Family Stereopsidaceae Sjökvist, E. Larss., B.E. Pfeil
& K.H. Larss. 2013
Stereopsis D.A. Reid 1965
Order Thelephorales Corner ex Oberw. 1976
Family Bankeraceae Donk 1961
Bankera Coker & Beers ex Pouzar 1955
Boletopsis Fayod 1889
Corneroporus T. Hatt. 2001
Hydnellum P. Karst. 1879
= Calodon P. Karst. 1881
= Phaeodon J. Schröt. 1888
Sarcodon Quél. ex P. Karst. 1881
Family Thelephoraceae Chevall. 1826
Amaurodon J. Schröt. 1888
Gymnoderma Humb. 1793
Lenzitopsis Malençon & Bertault 1963
Parahaplotrichum W.A. Baker & Partr. 2001
Phellodon P. Karst. 1881
Polyozellus Murrill 1910
= Phyllocarbon Lloyd 1920
Pseudotomentella Svrček 1958
Skepperia Berk. 1857
Thelephora Ehrh. ex Willd. 1787
= Merisma Pers. 1797
= Phylacteria (Pers.) Pat. 1887
= Pseudothelephora Lloyd 1919
= Scyphopilus P. Karst. 1881
Tomentella Pers. ex Pat. 1887
= Acrotamnium Nees 1816
= Caldesiella Sacc. 1877
= Cyphellina Rick 1959
= Hypochnus Fr. 1818
= Karstenia Britzelm. 1897
Tomentellopsis Hjortstam 1970
= Byssocristella M.P. Christ. & J.E.B. Larsen 1970
Thelephorales genera incertae sedis
Thelephorella P. Karst. 1889
Order Trechisporales K.H. Larss. 2007
Family Hydnodontaceae Jülich 1982
Brevicellicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1978
Dextrinocystis Gilb. & M. Blackw. 1988
Dextrinodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980
Hydnodon Banker 1913
= Pseudohydnum Rick 1904
Litschauerella Oberw. 1965
Luellia K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1974
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Porpomyces Jülich 1982
Scytinopogon Singer 1945
Sistotremastrum J. Erikss. 1958
Sphaerobasidium Oberw. 1965
Subulicystidium Parmasto 1968
Trechispora P. Karst. 1890
= Cristelloporia I. Johans. & Ryvarden 1979
= Echinotrema Park.-Rhodes 1955
= Fibriciellum J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1975
= Fibuloporia Bondartsev & Singer 1941
= Fibuloporia Bondartsev & Singer 1944
= Murrilloporus Ryvarden 1985
= Tomentella P. Karst. 1889
Tubulicium Oberw. 1965
= Tubulixenasma Parmasto 1965
Order Tremellodendropsidales Vizzini 2014
Family Tremellodendropsidaceae Jülich 1982
Tremellodendropsis (Corner) D.A. Crawford 1954
= Polyozus P. Karst. 1881
= Pseudotremellodendron D.A. Reid 1957
Agaricomycetes genera incertae sedis
Akenomyces G. Arnaud ex D. Hornby 1984
Aldridgea Massee 1892
Arthrodochium R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. 1990
Arualis Katz 1980
Blasiphalia Redhead 2007
Bridgeoporus T.J. Volk, Burds. & Ammirati 1996
Cenangiomyces Dyko & B. Sutton 1979
Ceraceopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007
Cilicia Fr. 1825
Corticomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López 1989
Cruciger R. Kirschner & Oberw. 1999
Dendrosporomyces Nawawi, J. Webster & R.A.
Davey 1977
Ellula Nag Raj 1980
Fibulocoela Nag Raj 1978
Fibulotaeniella Marvanová & Bärl. 1988
Geotrichopsis Tzean & Estey 1991
Gloeosynnema Seifert & G. Okada 1988
Glomerulomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López 1989
Glutinoagger Sivan. & Watling 1980
Hallenbergia Dhingra & Priyanka 2011
Heteroacanthella Oberw. 1990
Intextomyces J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976
Korupella Hjortstam & P. Roberts 2000
Loreleia Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys & Lutzoni
2002
Minostroscyta Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2001
Mylittopsis Pat. 1895
Myriococcum Fr. 1823
Odonticium Parmasto 1968
= Leifia Ginns 1998
Pagidospora Drechsler 1960
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Phlyctibasidium Jülich 1974
Purpureocorticium S.H. Wu 2017
Pycnovellomyces R.F. Castañeda 1987
Riessia Fresen. 1852
Riessiella Jülich 1985
Taiwanoporia T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou 2003
Titaeella G. Arnaud ex K. Ando & Tubaki 1985
Trechinothus E.C. Martini & Trichiès 2004
Trimitiella Dhingra 2008
= Trimitiella Dhingra 2006
Tubulicrinopsis Hjortstam & Kotir. 2007
Xerotus Fr. 1828
= Xerotinus Rchb. 1828
Class Dacrymycetes Doweld 2001
Order Dacrymycetales Henn. 1897
Family Cerinomycetaceae Jülich 1982
Cerinomyces G.W. Martin 1949
Family Dacrymycetaceae J. Schröt. 1888
Calocera (Fr.) Fr. 1828
= Calopposis Lloyd 1925
= Corynoides Gray 1821
= Dacryomitra Tul. & C. Tul. 1872
Cerinosterus R.T. Moore 1987
Dacrymyces Nees 1816
= Arrhytidia Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1849
= Hydromycus Raf. 1808
= Septocolla Bonord. 1851
Dacryonaema Nannf. 1947
Dacryopinax G.W. Martin 1948
Dacryoscyphus R. Kirschner & Zhu L. Yang 2005
Ditiola Fr. 1822
= Dacryopsis Massee 1891
Femsjonia Fr. 1849
Guepiniopsis Pat. 1883
Heterotextus Lloyd 1922
Order Unilacrymales Shirouzu, Tokum. & Oberw. 2013
Family Unilacrymaceae Shirouzu, Tokum. & Oberw.
2013
Unilacryma Shirouzu, Tokum. & Oberw. 2013
Class Tremellomycetes Doweld 2001
Order Cystofilobasidiales Fell, Roeijmans & Boekhout
1999
Family Cystofilobasidiaceae K. Wells & Bandoni 2001
Cystofilobasidium Oberw. & Bandoni 1983
Family Mrakiaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Itersonilia Derx 1948
Krasilnikovozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia Y. Yamada & Komag. 1987
145
Phaffia M.W. Mill., Yoney. & Soneda 1976
= Rhodomyces Wettst. 1885
= Xanthophyllomyces Golubev 1995
Tausonia Babeva 1998
Udeniomyces Nakase & Takem. 1992
Vustinia Kachalkin, Turchetti & Yurkov 2019
Order Filobasidiales Jülich 1981
Family Filobasidiaceae L.S. Olive 1968
Filobasidium L.S. Olive 1968
Goffeauzyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Heterocephalacria Berthier 1980
Naganishia S. Goto 1963
Syzygospora G.W. Martin 1937
Family Piskurozymaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Piskurozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Solicoccozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Order Holtermanniales Libkind, Wuczk., Turchetti &
Boekhout 2011
Family Holtermanniaceae Redhead 2015
Holtermannia Sacc. & Traverso 1910
Holtermanniella Libkind, Wuczk., Turchetti &
Boekhout 2011
Order Tremellales Fr. 1821
Family Bulleraceae X. Zh. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Bullera Derx 1930
= Bulleromyces Boekhout & Á. Fonseca 1991
Fonsecazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Genolevuria X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Pseudotremella X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, A.M. Yurkov,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Family Bulleribasidiaceae X. Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Bulleribasidium J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Bauer
2002
= Mingxiaea F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Boekhout &
Nakase 2011
Derxomyces F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008
Dioszegia Zsolt 1957
Hannaella F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008
Nielozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Vishniacozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
123
146
Family Carcinomycetaceae Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Carcinomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Family Cryptococcaceae Kütz. ex Castell. & Chalm.
1919
Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901
= Atelosaccharomyces Beurm. & Gougerot 1909
= Cryptococcus Kütz. 1833
= Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung 1976
= Tsuchiyaea Y. Yamada, H. Kawas., Itoh, I.
Banno & Nakase 1988
Kwoniella Statzell & Fell 2008
Family Cuniculitremaceae J.P. Samp., R. Kirschner &
M. Weiss 2001
Fellomyces Y. Yamada & I. Banno 1984
Kockovaella Nakase, I. Banno & Y. Yamada 1991
Sterigmatosporidium G. Kraep. & U. Schulze 1983
= Cuniculitrema J.P. Samp. & R. Kirschner 2001
Family Naemateliaceae X. Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Dimennazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Naematelia Fr. 1818
Family Phaeotremellaceae A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout
2015
Gelidatrema A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Phaeotremella Rea 1912
Family Phragmoxenidiaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Phragmoxenidium Oberw. 1990
Family Rhynchogastremaceae Oberw. & B. Metzler
1989
Papiliotrema J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Bauer
2002
Rhynchogastrema B. Metzler & Oberw. 1989
= Bandoniozyma Boekhout, P. Valente, Pagnocca,
C.A. Rosa, C.F. Lee, S.O. Suh, M. Blackw., G.
Péter & Fell 2012
Tetragoniomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1981
Family Sirobasidiaceae Lindau 1897
Fibulobasidium Bandoni 1979
Family Tremellaceae Fr. 1821
Hormomyces Bonord. 1851
Mycocryptococcus Pollacci & Nann. 1927
Tremella Pers. 1794
= Dermatangium Velen. 1926
= Encephalium Link 1816
= Epidochium Fr. 1849
= Gelatina Raf. 1808
= Gyraria Nees 1816
= Hepataria Raf. 1808
= Tremella Dill. ex L. 1753
123
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Family Trimorphomycetaceae X. Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Carlosrosaea A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Saitozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Sugitazyma A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Trimorphomyces Bandoni & Oberw. 1983
Tremellales genera incertae sedis
Biatoropsis Räsänen 1934
Dictyotremella Kobayasi 1971
Neotremella Lowy 1979
Sigmogloea Bandoni & J.C. Krug 2000
Sirobasidium Lagerh. & Pat. 1892
Sirotrema Bandoni 1986
Tremellina Bandoni 1986
Xenolachne D.P. Rogers 1947
Order Trichosporonales Boekhout & Fell 2001
Family Tetragoniomycetaceae Oberw. & Bandoni
1981
Bandonia A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Cryptotrichosporon Okoli & Boekhout 2007
Takashimella Q.M. Wang 2015
Family Trichosporonaceae Nann. 1934
Apiotrichum Stautz 1931
Cutaneotrichosporon X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Effuseotrichosporon A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Haglerozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Pascua Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi, Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita 2019
Prillingera Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi, Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita 2019
Trichosporon Behrend 1890
Vanrija R.T. Moore 1980
= Asterotremella Prillinger, Lopandić & Sugita
2007
Tremellomycetes genera incertae sedis
Heteromycophaga P. Roberts 1997
Phyllopta (Fr.) Fr. 1825
Trichosporonoides Haskins & J.F.T. Spencer 1967
Subphylum Pucciniomycotina R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P.
Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Class Agaricostilbomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P.
Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Agaricostilbales Oberw. & R. Bauer 1989
Family Agaricostilbaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1989
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Agaricostilbum J.E. Wright 1970
= Amerobotryum Subram. & Natarajan 1976
Pseudobensingtonia F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M.
Groenewald & Boekhout 2015
Sterigmatomyces Fell 1966
Family Chionosphaeraceae Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Ballistosporomyces Nakase, G. Okada & Sugiy.
1989
Chionosphaera D.E. Cox 1976
= Fibulostilbum Seifert & Oberw. 1992
Cystobasidiopsis R. Bauer, B. Metzler, Begerow &
Oberw. 2009
Kurtzmanomyces Y. Yamada, Itoh, H. Kawas., I.
Banno & Nakase 1989
Stilbum Tode 1790
Family Kondoaceae R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Bensingtonia Ingold 1986
Kondoa Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & I. Banno 1989
Family Ruineniaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Ruinenia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Agaricostilbales genera incertae sedis
Jianyunia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Mycogloea L.S. Olive 1950
Class Atractiellomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp.,
M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Atractiellales Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Family Atractogloeaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1989
Atractogloea Oberw. & Bandoni 1982
Family Hoehnelomycetaceae Jülich 1982
Basidiopycnis Oberw., R. Kirschner, R. Bauer,
Begerow & Arenal 2006
= Basidiopycnides J. Reid, Eyjólfsd. & Georg
Hausner 2008
Proceropycnis M. Villarreal, Arenal, V. Rubio,
Begerow, R. Bauer, R. Kirschner & Oberw. 2006
Family Phleogenaceae Gäum. 1926
Atractidochium Oono, Urbina & Aime 2018
Atractiella Sacc. 1886
= Hoehnelomyces Weese 1920
= Pilacrella J. Schröt. 1887
Bourdotigloea Aime 2018
Helicogloea Pat. 1892
= Exobasidiellum Donk 1931
= Infundibura Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1981
= Leucogloea R. Kirschner 2004
147
= Neogloea Aime 2018
= Saccoblastia Möller 1895
Hobsonia Berk. ex Massee 1891
Phleogena Link 1833
= Ecchyna Fr. ex Boud. 1885
= Martindalia Sacc. & Ellis 1885
Saccosoma Spirin 2018
Class Classiculomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp.,
M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Classiculales R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Marvanová 2003
Family Classiculaceae R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. &
Marvanová 2003
Classicula R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Marvanová 2003
Jaculispora H.J. Huds. & Ingold 1960
Class Cryptomycocolacomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P.
Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Cryptomycocolacales Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Family Cryptomycocolacaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Colacosiphon R. Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw.
2001
Cryptomycocolax Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Class Cystobasidiomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P.
Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Buckleyzymales R.L. Zhao & K.D. Hyde 2017
Family Buckleyzymaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Buckleyzyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Order Cystobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Cystobasidiaceae Gäum. 1926
Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff 1924
Halobasidium Z. Guo, Y.R. Wang, Q.C. Hou,
W.C. Li, H.J. Zhao, Z.H. Sun & Z.D. Zhang 2019
Occultifur Oberw. 1990
Order Erythrobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp.,
M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Erythrobasidiaceae Denchev 2009
Bannoa Hamam. 2002
Erythrobasidium Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag. 1988
Erythrobasidiales genera incertae sedis
Cyphobasidium Millanes, Diederich & Wedin
2016
Cyrenella Goch. 1981
Hasegawazyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
123
148
Order Naohideales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Naohideaceae Denchev 2009
Naohidea Oberw. 1990
Order Sakaguchiales R.L. Zhao & K.D. Hyde 2017
Family Sakaguchiaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2017
Sakaguchia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata 1994
Cystobasidiomycetes families incertae sedis
Family Microsporomycetaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Microsporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Family Symmetrosporaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Symmetrospora Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Cystobasidiomycetes genera incertae sedis
Queiroziella C.R. Félix, J.D.P. Bezerra, R.P.
Neves & Landell 2018
Class Microbotryomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P.
Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Heterogastridiales Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Family Heterogastridiaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Hyalopycnis Höhn. 1918
= Heterogastridium Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990
Krieglsteinera Pouzar 1987
Pycnopulvinus Toome & Aime 2014
Order Kriegeriales Toome & Aime 2013
Family Camptobasidiaceae R.T. Moore 1996
Camptobasidium Marvanová & Suberkr. 1990
= Crucella Marvanová & Suberkr. 1990
Glaciozyma Turchetti, Connell, Thomas-Hall &
Boekhout 2011
Family Kriegeriaceae Toome & Aime 2013
Kriegeria Bres. 1891
= Xenogloea Syd. & P. Syd. 1919
= Zymoxenogloea D.J. McLaughlin & Doublés
1992
Meredithblackwellia Toome & Aime 2013
Phenoliferia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Yamadamyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Order Leucosporidiales Sampaio, M. Weiss & Bauer 2003
Family Leucosporidiaceae Sampaio, M. Weiss &
Bauer 2003
Leucosporidium Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff
1970
= Mastigobasidium Golubev 1999
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Leucosporidiella Samp. 2003
Order Microbotryales R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Microbotryaceae R.T. Moore 1996
Bauerago Vánky 1999
Microbotryum Lév. 1847
= Bauhinus R.T. Moore 1992
= Haradaea Denchev 2006
= Liroa Cif. 1933
Sphacelotheca de Bary 1884
Zundeliomyces Vánky 1987
Family Ustilentylomataceae R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Aurantiosporium M. Piepenbr., Vánky & Oberw.
1996
Fulvisporium Vánky 1997
Microbotryozyma S.O. Suh, D.A. Maslov, Molestina & J.J. Zhou 2012
Ustilentyloma Savile 1964
Order Sporidiobolales Doweld 2001
Family Sporidiobolaceae R.T. Moore 1980
Rhodosporidiobolus Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison 1927
= Chromotorula F.C. Harrison 1927
= Rhodosporidium I. Banno 1967
Sporobolomyces Kluyver & C.B. Niel 1924
= Amphiernia Grüss 1927
= Aessosporon Van der Walt 1970
= Blastoderma B. Fisch. & Breback 1894
= Prosporobolomyces E.K. Novák & Zsolt 1961
= Sporidiobolus Nyland 1950
Microbotryomycetes families incertae sedis
Family Chrysozymaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Bannozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Chrysozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Fellozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Hamamotoa Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Family Colacogloeaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Colacogloea Oberw. & Bandoni 1991
Microbotryomycetes genera incertae sedis
Atractocolax R. Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw.
1999
Curvibasidium Samp. & Golubev 2004
Heitmania X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & T.
Boekhout 2018
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Libkindia Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. &
Baldrian 2017
Oberwinklerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Pseudohyphozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Pseudoleucosporidium V. de Garcia, M.A. Coelho,
T. Maia, L.H. Rosa, A.B.M. Vaz, C.A. Rosa, J.P.
Samp., P. Gonç., M.R. Van Broock & Libkind
2015
Sampaiozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Slooffia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Spencerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Trigonosporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Udeniozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015
Vonarxula Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Yunzhangia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Yurkovia Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. &
Baldrian 2016
Class Mixiomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Mixiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss
& Oberw. 2006
Family Mixiaceae C.L. Kramer 1987
Mixia C.L. Kramer 1959
= Phytoceratiomyxa Sawada 1929
Class Pucciniomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Order Helicobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp.,
M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Helicobasidiaceae P.M. Kirk 2008
Helicobasidium Pat. 1885
= Helicobasis Clem. & Shear 1931
= Stypinella J. Schröt. 1887
Tuberculina Tode ex Sacc. 1880
= Cordalia Gobi 1885
= Uredinula Speg. 1880
Order Pachnocybales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Pachnocybaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer 1989
Pachnocybe Berk. 1836
149
Order Platygloeales R.T. Moore 1990
Family Eocronartiaceae Jülich 1982
Eocronartium G.F. Atk. 1902
= Protopistillaria Rick 1933
Herpobasidium Lind 1908
Jola Möller 1895
Platycarpa Couch 1949
Ptechetelium Oberw. & Bandoni 1984
Family Platygloeaceae Racib. 1909
Glomerogloea Doweld 2013
Glomopsis D.M. Hend. 1961
= Glomerularia Peck 1880
Insolibasidium Oberw. & Bandoni 1984
Platygloea J. Schröt. 1887
= Collopezis Clem. 1909
= Tjibodasia Holterm. 1898
Order Pucciniales Clem. & Shear 1931
Family Chaconiaceae Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
Achrotelium Syd. 1928
Aplopsora Mains 1921
Botryorhiza Whetzel & Olive 1917
Ceraceopsora Kakish., T. Sato & S. Sato 1984
Chaconia Juel 1897
= Bitzea Mains 1939
= Desmotelium Syd. 1937
Goplana Racib. 1900
Maravalia Arthur 1922
= Acervulopsora Thirum. 1945
= Angusia G.F. Laundon 1964
= Argomycetella Syd. 1922
= Scopella Mains 1939
= Scopellopsis T.S. Ramakr. & K. Ramakr. 1947
Olivea Arthur 1917
= Tegillum Mains 1940
Telomapea G.F. Laundon 1967
Family Coleosporiaceae Dietel 1900
Ceropsora B.K. Bakshi & Suj. Singh 1960
Chrysomyxa Unger 1840
= Barclayella Dietel 1890
= Coleosporium subgen. Melampsoropsis J.
Schröt. 1879
= Hiratsukaia Hara 1948
= Melampsoropsis (J. Schröt.) Sacc. 1888
= Melampsoropsis (J. Schröt.) Arthur 1906
= Stilbechrysomyxa M.M. Chen 1984
Coleosporium Lév. 1847
= Erannium Bonord. 1860
= Stichopsora Dietel 1899 [1900]
123
150
= Synomyces Arthur 1924
Diaphanopellis P.E. Crane 2005
Gallowaya Arthur 1906
Family Cronartiaceae Dietel 1900
Cronartium Fr. 1815
Endocronartium Y. Hirats. 1969
Peridermium (Link) J.C. Schmidt & Kunze 1817
Family Melampsoraceae Dietel 1897
Melampsora Castagne 1843
= Chnoopsora Dietel 1906
= Mesopsora Dietel 1922
= Necium Arthur 1907
= Podocystis Fr. 1849
= Podosporium Lév. 1847
Family Mikronegeriaceae Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
Blastospora Dietel 1908
= Pelastoma M. Salazar, A.A. Carvalho & J.F.
Hennen 2012
Chrysocelis Lagerh. & Dietel 1914
= Stomatisora J.M. Yen 1971
Mikronegeria Dietel 1899
Family Phakopsoraceae Cummins & Hirats. f. 1983
Aeciure Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
Arthuria H.S. Jacks. 1931
Cerotelium Arthur 1906
= Catenulopsora Mundk. 1943
Crossopsora Syd. & P. Syd. 1919
Dasturella Mundk. & Khesw. 1943
Kweilingia Teng 1940
= Tunicopsora Suj. Singh & P.C. Pandey 1971
Macabuna Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
Monosporidium Barclay 1888
= Kulkarniella Gokhale & Patel 1952 [1951]
Newinia Thaung 1973
Nothoravenelia Dietel 1910
Phakopsora Dietel 1895
= Angiopsora Mains 1934
= Bubakia Arthur 1906
= Batistopsora Dianese, R.B. Medeiros & L.T.P.
Santos 1993
= Malupa Y. Ono, Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1992
= Physopella Arthur 1906
= Stakmania Kamat & Sathe 1968
= Uredostilbe Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
= Uredendo Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994 [nom.
inval.]
Phragmidiella Henn. 1905
= Santapauella Mundk. & Thirum. 1945
Pucciniostele Tranzschel & K.L. Kom. 1899
= Klastopsora Dietel 1904
= Phragmostele Clem. 1909
Scalarispora Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
Uredopeltis Henn. 1908
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Family Phragmidiaceae Corda 1837
Arthuriomyces Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
Campanulospora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. &
Buriticá 2007
Gerwasia Racib. 1909
= Mainsia H.S. Jacks. 1931
Gymnoconia Lagerh. 1894
= Kunkelia Arthur 1917
Hamaspora Körn. 1877
= Hamasporella Höhn. 1912
Joerstadia Gjaerum & Cummins 1982
Kuehneola Magnus 1898
= Spirechina Arthur 1907
Morispora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá
2007
Phragmidium Link 1816
= Ameris Arthur 1906
= Aregma Fr. 1815
= Earlea Arthur 1906
= Epitea Fr. 1832
= Frommea Arthur 1917
= Frommeëlla Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
= Lecythea Lév. 1847
= Phragmidium A Phragmidiopsis G. Winter 1881
[1884]
= Phragmidiopsis (G. Winter) Mussat 1901
= Teloconia Syd. 1921
= Trolliomyces Ulbr. 1938
Physonema Lév. 1847
Scutelliformis Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá 2007
Trachyspora Fuckel 1861
= Trachysporella Syd. 1921
Xenodochus Schltdl. 1826
Family Pileolariaceae Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
Atelocauda Arthur & Cummins 1933
Pileolaria Castagne 1842
= Discospora Arthur 1907
Skierka Racib. 1900
= Ctenoderma Syd. & P. Syd. 1919
Uromycladium McAlpine 1905
= Macalpinia Arthur 1906
Family Pucciniaceae Chevall. 1826
Allodus Arthur 1906
Chrysella Syd. 1926
Chrysocyclus Syd. 1925
= Holwayella H.S. Jacks. 1926
Chrysopsora Lagerh. 1892
Cleptomyces Arthur 1918
Coleopucciniella Hara ex Hirats. 1937
= Coleopucciniella Hara 1936
Corbulopsora Cummins 1940
Cumminsiella Arthur 1933
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Cystopsora E.J. Butler 1910
Endophyllum Lév. 1826
Gymnosporangium R. Hedw. ex DC. 1805
= Ceratitium Rabenh. 1851
= Ceratitium Ces. 1879
= Ciglides Chevall. 1826
= Gymnotelium Syd. 1921
= Podisoma Link 1809
Kernella Thirum. 1949
= Kernia Thirum. 1946
Miyagia Miyabe ex Syd. & P. Syd. 1913
= Peristemma Syd. 1921
Polioma Arthur 1907
Puccinia Pers. 1794
= Argomyces Arthur 1912
= Argotelium Arthur 1906
= Bullaria DC. 1805
= Coronotelium Syd. 1921
= Cutomyces Thüm. 1878
= Dicaeoma Gray 1821
= Eriosporangium Bertero ex Ruschenb. 1831
= Jackya Bubák 1902
= Leptinia Juel 1897
= Leptopuccinia (G. Winter) Rostr. 1902
= Lindrothia Syd. 1922
= Linkiella Syd. 1921
= Lysospora Arthur 1906
= Micropuccinia Rostr. 1902
= Persooniella Syd. 1922
= Pleomeris Syd. 1921
= Poliomella Syd. 1922
= Puccinia subgen. Leptopuccinia G. Winter 1881
[1884]
= Puccinidia Mayr 1890
= Rostrupia Lagerh. 1889
= Schroeterella Syd. 1922
= Sclerotelium Syd. 1921
= Solenodonta Castagne 1845
= Trailia Syd. 1922
Ramakrishnania Ramachar & Bhagyan. 1979
Roestelia Rebent. 1804
= Cancellaria Brongn. 1825
= Centridium Chevall. 1826
Stereostratum Magnus 1899
Uromyces (Link) Unger 1833
= Alveomyces Bubák 1914
= Capitularia Rabenh. 1851
= Coeomurus Gray 1821
= Dichlamys Syd. & P. Syd. 1920 [1919]
= Groveola Syd. 1921
= Haplopyxis Syd. & P. Syd. 1920 [1919]
= Haplotelium Syd. 1922
151
= Hypodermium subgen. Uromyces Link 1816
[1815]
= Klebahnia Arthur 1906
= Nielsenia Syd. 1921
= Ontotelium Syd. 1921
= Poliotelium Syd. 1922
= Puccinella Fuckel 1860
= Pucciniola L. Marchand 1829
= Teleutospora Arthur & Bisby 1921
= Telospora Arthur 1906
= Trochodium Syd. & P. Syd. 1920 [1919]
= Uromycopsis Arthur 1906
Xenostele Syd. & P. Syd. 1921
Zaghouania Pat. 1901
Family Pucciniastraceae Gäum. ex Leppik 1972
Hyalopsora Magnus 1902
Melampsorella J. Schröt. 1874
Melampsoridium Kleb. 1899
Milesia F.B. White 1878
Milesina Magnus 1909
Naohidemyces S. Sato, Katsuya & Y. Hirats. 1993
Peridiopsora Kamat & Sathe 1969
Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth 1861
= Calyptospora J.G. Kühn 1869
= Phragmopsora Magnus 1875
= Pomatomyces Oerst. 1864
Thekopsora Magnus 1875
Uredinopsis Magnus 1893
Family Pucciniosiraceae Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983
Alveolaria Lagerh. 1892
Baeodromus Arthur 1905
Ceratocoma Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1991
Chardoniella F. Kern 1939
Cionothrix Arthur 1907
Didymopsora Dietel 1899
Dietelia Henn. 1897
= Endophylloides Whetzel & Olive 1917
= Jacksonia J.C. Lindq. 1970
= Jacksoniella J.C. Lindq. 1972
= Jacksoniella Kamat & Sathe 1972
= Thirumalachariella Sathe 1975 [1974]
Gambleola Massee 1898
Pucciniosira Lagerh. 1892
= Aecidiella Ellis & Kelsey 1897
= Didymosira Clem. 1909
= Schizospora Dietel 1895
Trichopsora Lagerh. 1892
Family Raveneliaceae Leppik 1972
Allotelium Syd. 1939
Anthomyces Dietel 1899
Anthomycetella Syd. & P. Syd. 1916
= Reyesiella Sacc. 1917
Apra J.F. Hennen & F.O. Freire 1979
123
152
Bibulocystis J. Walker, Beilharz, Pascoe & Priest
2006
Cumminsina Petr. 1955
Cystomyces Syd. 1926
Diabole Arthur 1922
Diabolidium Berndt 1995
Dicheirinia Arthur 1907
Diorchidiella J.C. Lindq. 1957
Diorchidium Kalchbr. 1882
= Diphragmium Boedijn (1960) [1959]
Endoraecium Hodges & D.E. Gardner 1984
= Racospermyces J. Walker 2001
Esalque J.F. Hennen, Figueiredo & A.A. Carvalho
2000
Hapalophragmium Syd. & P. Syd. 1901
= Hapalophragmiopsis Thirum. 1950
= Triactella Syd. 1921
Kernkampella Rajendren 1970
Lipocystis Cummins 1937
Nyssopsora Arthur 1906
= Oplophora Syd. 1921
Ravenelia Berk. 1853
= Cephalotelium Syd. 1921
= Cystingophora Arthur 1907
= Cystotelium Syd. 1921
= Dendroecia Arthur 1906
= Haploravenelia Syd. 1921
= Longia Syd. 1921
= Neoravenelia Long 1903
= Pleoravenelia Long 1903
Sphenospora Dietel 1892
Spumula Mains 1935
Triphragmiopsis Naumov 1914
= Nyssopsorella Syd. 1921
Triphragmium Link 1825
Ypsilospora Cummins 1941
Family Sphaerophragmiaceae Cummins & Y. Hirats.
1983
Austropuccinia Beenken 2017
Sphaerophragmium Magnus 1891
Family Uncolaceae Buriticá 2000
Calidion Syd. & P. Syd. 1919
Uncol Buriticá & P.A. Rodr. 2000
Family Uropyxidaceae (P. Syd. & Syd.) Cummins &
Y. Hirats. 1983
Canasta A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen 2010
Dasyspora Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1854
= Sartvellia Berk. 1857
Didymopsorella Thirum. 1950
= Gymnopuccinia K. Ramakr. 1951
Dipyxis Cummins & J.W. Baxter 1967
Kimuromyces Dianese, L.T.P. Santos, R.B.
Medeiros & Furlan. 1995
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Leucotelium Tranzschel 1935
Macruropyxis Azbukina 1972
Mimema H.S. Jacks. 1931
Ochropsora Dietel 1895
Phragmopyxis Dietel 1897
= Tricella Long 1912
Poliomopsis A.W. Ramaley 1987
Porotenus Viégas 1960
Prospodium Arthur 1907
= Coinostelium Syd. 1939
= Nephlyctis Arthur 1907
Sorataea Syd. 1930
= Allopuccinia H.S. Jacks. 1931
Tranzschelia Arthur 1906
= Polythelis Arthur 1906
= Lipospora Arthur 1942
Uropyxis J. Schröt. 1875
= Calliospora Arthur 1905
Pucciniales genera incertae sedis
Aecidiconium Vuill. 1892
Aecidiolum Unger 1833
Aecidium Pers. 1796
= Sphaerotheca Desv. 1817
= Symperidium Klotzsch 1843
Caeoma Link 1809
= Hypodermium Link 1815
Caetea Salazar-Yepes & A.A. Carvalho 2012
Cerradoa J.F. Hennen & Y. Ono 1978
Coleopuccinia Pat. 1889
= Coleoma Clem. 1909
Desmella Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 [1918]
Desmellopsis J.M. Yen 1969
Desmosorus Ritschel, Oberw. & Berndt 2005
Edythea H.S. Jacks. 1931
Elateraecium Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil 1966
= Hiratsukamyces Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil
1975
Flaminia Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902
Hemileia Berk. & Broome 1869
= Hemileiopsis Racib. 1900
= Wardia J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen 2003
Hennenia Buriticá 1995
Intrapes J.F. Hennen & Figueiredo 1979
Masseeëlla Dietel 1895
= Kamatomyces Sathe 1966
Mehtamyces Mundk. & Thirum. 1945
Phragmotelium Syd. 1921
Puccorchidium Beenken 2015
Schroeteriaster Magnus 1896
= Uromycodes Clem. 1909
Sphenorchidium Beenken 2015
Uraecium Arthur 1933
Uredo Pers. 1801
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Mapea Pat. 1906
= Nigredo (Pers.) Roussel 1806
= Peridipes Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
= Rubigo (Pers.) Roussel 1806
= Trichobasis Lév., in Orbigny 1849
= Uredo Pers. 1801
Order Septobasidiales Couch ex Donk 1964
Family Septobasidiaceae Racib. 1909
Aphelariopsis Jülich 1982
Auriculoscypha D.A. Reid & Manim. 1985
Coccidiodictyon Oberw. 1989
Johncouchia S. Hughes & Cavalc. 1983
Septobasidium Pat. 1892
= Ordonia Racib. 1909
= Campylobasidium Lagerh. ex F. Ludw. 1892
= Glenospora Berk. & Desm. 1849
= Mohortia Racib. 1909
= Rudetum Lloyd 1919
Uredinella Couch 1937
Class Spiculogloeomycetes Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Order Spiculogloeales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M.
Weiss & Oberw. 2006
Family Spiculogloeaceae Denchev 2009
Phyllozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015
Spiculogloea P. Roberts 1996
Class Tritirachiomycetes Aime & Schell 2011
Order Tritirachiales Aime & Schell 2011
Family Tritirachiaceae Aime & Schell 2011
Tritirachium Limber 1940
= Spirotrichum Saito ex J.F.H. Beyma 1940
Paratritirachium Beguin, Pyck & Detandt 2012
Pucciniomycotina genera incertae sedis
Kryptastrina Oberw. 1990
Paraphelaria Corner 1966
Zygogloea P. Roberts 1994
Subphylum Ustilaginomycotina Doweld 2001
Class Exobasidiomycetes Begerow, M. Stoll & R. Bauer
2007
Order Ceraceosorales Begerow, M. Stoll & R. Bauer
2007
Family Ceraceosoraceae Denchev & R.T. Moore 2009
Ceraceosorus B.K. Bakshi 1976
Order Doassansiales R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Doassansiaceae R.T. Moore ex P.M. Kirk, P.F.
Cannon & J.C. David 2001
Burrillia Setch. 1891
= Stereosorus Sawada 1943
Doassansia Cornu 1883
= Setchellia Magnus 1896
153
Doassinga Vánky, R. Bauer & Begerow 1998
Entylomaster Vánky & R.G. Shivas 2006
Heterodoassansia Vánky 1993
Nannfeldtiomyces Vánky 1981
Narasimhania Thirum. & Pavgi 1952
Pseudodermatosorus Vánky 1999
Pseudodoassansia (Setch.) Vánky 1981
Pseudotracya Vánky 1999
Tracya Syd. & P. Syd. 1901
= Cornuella Setch. 1891
= Tracyella Zambett. 1970
Family Melaniellaceae R. Bauer, Vánky, Begerow &
Oberw. 1999
Melaniella R. Bauer, Vánky, Begerow & Oberw.
1999
Family Rhamphosporaceae R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Rhamphospora D.D. Cunn. 1888
Order Entylomatales R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Entylomataceae R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Entyloma de Bary 1874
Tilletiopsis Derx 1948
Order Exobasidiales Henn. 1898
Family Brachybasidiaceae Gäum. 1926
Brachybasidium Gäum. 1922
Dicellomyces L.S. Olive 1945
Kordyana Racib. 1900
= Lelum Racib. 1900
Meira Boekhout, Scorzetti, Gerson & Sztejnb.
2003
Proliferobasidium J.L. Cunn. 1976
Family Cryptobasidiaceae Malençon ex Donk 1956
Acaromyces Boekhout, Scorzetti, Gerson &
Sztejnb. 2003
Botryoconis Syd. & P.Syd. 1906
= Cryptobasidium Lendn. 1921
Clinoconidium Pat. 1898
Coniodictyum Har. & Pat. 1909
= Hyalodema Magnus 1910
Drepanoconis J. Schröt. & Henn. 1896
Phacellula Syd. 1927
Family Exobasidiaceae J. Schröt. 1888
Arcticomyces Savile 1959
Austrobasidium Palfner 2006
Exobasidium Woronin 1867
Muribasidiospora Kamat & Rajendren 1968
Family Graphiolaceae Clem. & Shear 1931
Graphiola Poit. 1824
= Dacryodochium P. Karst. 1896
= Elpidophora Ehrenb. ex Link 1824
= Trichodesmium Chevall. 1826
Stylina Syd. & P. Syd. 1921
123
154
Family Laurobasidiaceae Pinruan, Sommai, Suetrong,
Somrith. & E.B.G. Jones 2018
Laurobasidium Jülich 1982
Order Georgefischeriales R. Bauer, Begerow & Oberw.
1997
Family Eballistraceae R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler &
Oberw. 2001
Eballistra R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler &
Oberw. 2001
Family Georgefischeriaceae R. Bauer, Begerow &
Oberw. 1997
Georgefischeria Thirum. & Naras. 1963
Jamesdicksonia Thirum., Pavgi & Payak 1961
Family Gjaerumiaceae R. Bauer, M. Lutz & Oberw.
2005
Gjaerumia R. Bauer, M. Lutz & Oberw. 2005
Family Tilletiariaceae R.T. Moore 1980
Phragmotaenium R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler &
Oberw. 2001
Tilletiaria Bandoni & B.N. Johri 1972
Tolyposporella G.F. Atk. 1897
Order Golubeviales Q.M. Wang, Begerow, F.Y. Bai &
Boekhout 2015
Family Golubeviaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow
& Boekhout 2015
Golubevia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow &
Boekhout 2015
Order Microstromatales R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Microstromataceae Jülich 1982
Microstroma Niessl 1861
= Helostroma Pat. 1902
= Leptophyma Sacc. 1889
Family Quambalariaceae Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R.
Bauer 2006
Quambalaria J.A. Simpson 2000
Family Volvocisporiaceae Begerow, R. Bauer &
Oberw. 2001
Volvocisporium Begerow, R. Bauer & Oberw.
2001
Microstromatales genera incertae sedis
Jaminaea Sipiczki & Kajdacsi ex T. Kij. & Aime
2017
Parajaminaea T. Kij. & Aime 2017
Pseudomicrostroma T. Kij. & Aime 2017
Sympodiomycopsis Sugiy., Tokuoka & Komag.
1991
Order Robbauerales Boekhout, Begerow, Q.M. Wang &
F.Y. Bai 2015
Family Robbaueraceae Boekhout, Begerow, Q.M.
Wang & F.Y. Bai 2015
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Robbauera Boekhout, Begerow, Q.M. Wang &
F.Y. Bai 2015
Order Tilletiales Kreisel ex R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Erratomycetaceae Denchev & T. Denchev
2013
Erratomyces M. Piepenbr. & R. Bauer 1997
Family Tilletiaceae J. Schröt. 1887
Conidiosporomyces Vánky 1992
Ingoldiomyces Vánky 1996
Neovossia Körn. 1879
= Vossia Thüm. 1879
Oberwinkleria Vánky & R. Bauer 1995
Salmacisia D.R. Huff & A. Chandra 2008
Tilletia Tul. & C. Tul. 1847
Class Malasseziomycetes Q.M. Wang & F.Y. Bai 2014
Order Malasseziales R.T. Moore 1980
Family Malasseziaceae Denchev & R.T. Moore 1980
Malassezia Baillon 1889
= Pityrosporum Sabour. 1904
Class Moniliellomycetes Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai &
Boekhout 2014
Order Moniliellales Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
Family Moniliellaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai &
Boekhout
Moniliella Stolk & Dakin 1966
Class Ustilaginomycetes R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky 1997
Uleiellales Garnica, K. Riess, M. Schön, H. Butin, M. Lutz,
Oberw. & R. Bauer 2016
Family Uleiellaceae Vánky 2001
Uleiella J. Schröt. 1894
= Ulea J. Schröt. 1892
Order Urocystidales R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Family Doassansiopsidaceae Begerow, R. Bauer &
Oberw. 1998
Doassansiopsis (Setch.) Dietel 1897
Family Fereydouniaceae S. Nasr, Soudi, H.D.T.
Nguyen, M. Lutz & Pia˛tek 2014
Fereydounia S. Nasr, M.R. Soudi, H.D.T. Nguyen,
M. Lutz & Pia˛tek 2014
Family Floromycetaceae S. Nasr, Soudi, H.D.T.
Nguyen, M. Lutz & Pia˛tek 2014
Antherospora R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Begerow, Pia˛tek
& Vánky 2008
Floromyces Vánky, M. Lutz & R. Bauer 2008
Family Glomosporiaceae Cif. 1963
Thecaphora Fingerh. 1836
= Angiosorus Thirum. & M.J. O’Brien 1974
= Poikilosporium Dietel 1897
= Sorosporium F. Rudolphi 1829
= Thecaphorella H. Scholz & I. Scholz 1988
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
= Tothiella Vánky 1999
Family Mycosyringaceae R. Bauer & Oberw. 1997
Mycosyrinx Beck 1894
Family Urocystidaceae Begerow, R. Bauer & Oberw.
1998
Flamingomyces R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky
& Oberw. 2007
Melanoxa M. Lutz, Vánky & R. Bauer 2013
Melanustilospora Denchev 2003
Mundkurella Thirum. 1944
Urocystis Rabenh. ex Fuckel 1870
= Ginanniella Cif. 1938
= Polycystis Lév. 1846
= Polysaccopsis Henn. 1898
= Tuburcinia Fr. 1832
= Tuburcinia Woronin 1882
= Tuburciniella Zambett. 1970
Ustacystis Zundel 1945
= Whetzelia Zundel 1945
Vankya Ershad 2000
Order Ustilaginales G. Winter 1880
Family Anthracoideaceae Denchev 1997
Anthracoidea Bref. 1895
= Cintractiomyxa Golovin 1952
Cintractia Cornu 1883
Dermatosorus Sawada ex L. Ling 1949
= Zundelula Thirum. & Naras. 1952
Farysia Racib. 1909
= Elateromyces Bubák 1912
Farysporium Vánky 1999
Heterotolyposporium Vánky 1997
Kuntzeomyces Henn. ex Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
= Didymochlamys Henn. 1897
= Perichlamys Clem. & Shear 1931
Leucocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw.
1999
Moreaua Liou & H.C. Cheng 1949
Orphanomyces Savile 1974
Pilocintractia Vánky 2004
Planetella Savile 1951
Portalia V. González, Vánky & Platas 2007
Schizonella J. Schröt. 1877
Stegocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw.
1999
Testicularia Klotzsch 1832
Tolyposporium Woronin ex J. Schröt. 1887
Trichocintractia M. Piepenbr. 1995
Ustanciosporium Vánky 1999
= Gymnocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow &
Oberw. 1999
Family Cintractiellaceae Vánky 2003
Cintractiella Boedijn 1937
Family Clintamraceae Vánky 2001
155
Clintamra Cordas & Durán 1977
Family Geminaginaceae Vánky 2001
Geminago Vánky & R. Bauer 1996
Family Melanotaeniaceae Begerow, R. Bauer &
Oberw. 1998
Exoteliospora R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky 1999
Melanotaenium de Bary 1874
Yelsemia J. Walker 2001
Family Pericladiaceae Vánky 2011
Pericladium Pass. 1875
= Xylosorium Zundel 1939
Family Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 1847
Ahmadiago Vánky 2004
Aizoago Vánky 2013
Anomalomyces Vánky, M. Lutz & R.G. Shivas
2006
Anthracocystis Bref. 1912
Bambusiomyces Vánky 2011
Centrolepidosporium R.G. Shivas & Vánky 2007
Dirkmeia F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Begerow &
Boekhout 2015
Eriocaulago Vánky 2005
Eriomoeszia Vánky 2005
Eriosporium Vánky 2005
Franzpetrakia Thirum. & Pavgi 1957
Kalmanozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow &
Boekhout 2015
Langdonia McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012
Macalpinomyces Langdon & Full. 1977
= Endosporisorium Vánky 1995
Melanopsichium Beck 1894
Moesziomyces Vánky 1977
= Tolyposporidium Thirum. & Neerg. 1978
Mycosarcoma Bref. 1912
Parvulago R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky &
Oberw. 2007
Pattersoniomyces Pia˛tek, M. Lutz & C.A. Rosa
2017
Pseudozyma Bandoni 1985
Shivasia Vánky, M. Lutz & Pia˛tek 2012
Sporisorium Ehrenb. ex Link 1825
= Endothlaspis Sorokı̄n 1884
Stollia McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012
Tranzscheliella Lavrov 1936
Triodiomyces McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012
Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel 1806
= Crozalsiella Maire 1917
= Farinaria Sowerby 1803
= Pericoelium Bonord. 1851
= Tubisorus Vánky & M. Lutz 2011
= Ustilagidium Herzberg 1895
= Yenia Liou 1949
Yunchangia L. Guo & B. Xu 2013
123
156
Family Websdaneaceae Vánky 2001
Restiosporium Vánky 2000
Websdanea Vánky 1997
Order Violaceomycetales Albu, Toome & Aime 2015
Family Violaceomycetaceae Albu, Toome & Aime
2015
Violaceomyces Albu, Toome & Aime 2015
Ustilaginomycetes genera incertae sedis
Capitulocladosporium L.Y. Sun, X. Sun & L.D.
Guo 2017
Eriocortex Vánky & R.G. Shivas 2013
Subphylum Wallemiomycotina Doweld 2014
Class Wallemiomycetes Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers 2005
Order Geminibasidiales H.D.T. Nguyen, N.L. Nick. &
Seifert 2013
Family Geminibasidiaceae H.D.T. Nguyen, N.L. Nick.
& Seifert 2013
Basidioascus Matsush. 2003
Geminibasidium H.D.T. Nguyen, N.L. Nick. &
Seifert 2013
Order Wallemiales Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers 2005
Family Wallemiaceae R.T. Moore 1996
Wallemia Johan-Olsen 1887
= Bargellinia Borzı́ 1888
= Hemispora Vuill. 1906
Wallemiomycetes genus incertae sedis
Chernovia A.M. Yurkov & Begerow 2016
Basidiomycota genera incertae sedis
Anastomyces W.P. Wu, B. Sutton & Gange 1997
Anguillomyces Marvanová & Bärl. 2000
Arcispora Marvanová & Bärl. 1998
Arrasia Bernicchia, Gorjón & Nakasone 2011
Bartheletia G. Arnaud ex Scheuer, R. Bauer, M.
Lutz, Stabenth., Melnik & Grube 2008
= Bartheletia G. Arnaud 1954
Brevicellopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2008
Celatogloea P. Roberts 2005
Cystogloea P. Roberts 2006
Microstella K. Ando & Tubaki 1984
Neotyphula Wakef. 1934
Radulodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2008
Restilago Vánky 2008
Notes of genera in Basidiomycota
Abortiporus Murrill 1904, Podoscyphaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Sporotrichopsis Stalpers
2000, four species, type species A. distortus (Schwein.)
Murrill (current name: A. biennis (Bull.) Singer), basidioma pileate-stipitate, hymenophore poroid to daedaleoid,
terrestrial or wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales), new sp. see
Læssøe and Ryvarden 2010a (morphology, Ecuador).
Abrachium Baseia & T.S. Cabral 2012, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. floriforme (Baseia & Calonge) Baseia
& T.S. Cabral, saprobic, terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data
available, see Cabral et al. 2012 (monograph).
Abstoma G. Cunn. 1926, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
species A. purpureum (Lloyd) G. Cunn., terrestrial, saprobic, worldwide, see Moreno et al. 2007 (new combination
of A. stuckertii), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Bidartondo et al. 2009
(taxonomy).
Abundisporus Ryvarden 1999, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species A. fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Ryvarden, basidioma resupinate to pileate, hymenophore poroid, woodrotting, white rot, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Robledo et al. 2009
(phylogeny), Li and Cui 2013b (phylogeny), Zhao et al.
2013b (morphology, China), Jargalmaa et al. 2015 (Korea),
Jang et al. 2016 (polyporoid fungi, corticioid fungi, Korea),
new sp. see Zhao et al. 2015b (phylogeny, monograph,
China).
Acanthobasidium Oberw. 1965, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species A. delicatus (Wakef.) Oberw. ex Jülich, woodrotting, Europe, genus accepted, see Kirk et al. 2013,
sequence data available, new spp. and new combination see
Dai and He 2017 (phylogeny, Aleurodiscus s.l., China).
Acanthocorticium Baltazar, Gorjón & Rajchenb. 2015,
incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. brueggemannii
Baltazar, Gorjón & Rajchenb., South Brazil, basidioma
resupinate, adnate, cartilaginous, hymenophore smooth to
poroid, sequence data available, see Baltazar et al. 2015
(phylogeny, Brazil).
Acanthofungus Sheng H. Wu, Boidin & C.Y. Chien 2000,
Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species A. rimosus Sheng H.
Wu, Boidin & C.Y. Chien, saprobes, worldwide, see Wu
et al. 2000 (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Wu
et al. 2001 (phylogeny).
Acantholichen P.M. Jørg. 1998, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species A. pannarioides P.M. Jørg., lichenized,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, new spp. see Dal-Forno et al. 2016 (South and
Central America).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Acanthophysellum Parmasto 1967, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species A. lividocoeruleum (P. Karst.) Parmasto, woodrotting, worldwide, genus accepted, see Kirk et al. 2013,
sequence data available, see Dai and He 2017 (phylogeny,
Aleurodiscus s. l.).
Acanthophysium (Pilát) G. Cunn. 1963, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20
species, worldwide, crust fungus, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Vu et al.
2019 (DNA sequences).
Acaromyces Boekhout, Scorzetti, Gerson & Sztejnberg
2003, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, known only from saprobic yeast
states, anamorphic genus, plant material, Israel, Japan,
Vietnam, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures
available, sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2014
(taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Achrotelium Syd. 1928, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species A. ichnocarpi Syd.,
biotrophic on Apocynaceae, Sapotaceae, Urticaceae, terrestrial, Africa, Cuba, Philippines, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Acinophora Raf. 1808, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species A. aurantiaca Raf., sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Acladium Link 1809, Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species A. conspersum Link, polyphyletic across orders, in
need of modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Actiniceps Berk. & Broome 1876, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species A. thwaitesii Berk. & Broome, saprobes, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Dentinger and McLaughlin 2006
(phylogeny).
Acutocapillitium P. Ponce de León 1976, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species A. torrendii (Lloyd) P. Ponce de
León, tropical America, Spain, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Aecidiconium Vuill. 1892, incertae sedis, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A. bartetii
Vuill., France, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Adustoporia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. sinuosa (Fr.) Audet, basidioma resupinate,
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(antrodia clade of Polyporales, phylogeny), Spirin et al.
157
2015d (phylongeny, Antrodia s. s.), Audet 2017d (new
combination).
Aecidiolum Unger 1833, incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, twelve species, type species A. exanthematicum Unger, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Aecidium
Pers.
1796
(= Sphaerotheca
Desv.
1817; = Symperidium Klotzsch 1843), incertae sedis,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph particularly
of Puccinia, Tranzschelia, Uromyces, c. 800 species, type
species A. berberidis Pers., biotrophic on many plant
families, terrestrial, worldwide, see Azbukina and Gjærum
2008 (new variety, nom. inval.), Hernández and Cline 2010
(new name), Hernández and Cline 2010 (replaced Aecidium dioscoreae J.C. Lindq., nom. illeg. with Aecidium
tumbayensis), Jage et al. 2010 (new variety, nom. inval.),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Van Der Merwe et al. 2008 (coevolution, Puccinia/
Uromyces), Morin et al. 2009 (species hybrid of Puccinia
lagenophorae, phylogeny), Padamsee and McKenzie 2017
(phylogeny, New Zealand), new spp. see Kavale and Patil
2008, Sultan et al. 2008, Walker and van der Merwe 2009,
Mohanan 2010, Berndt 2013a (account of rust fungi in
French Guiana), Beenken 2014, Duarte et al. 2016.
Aeciure Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994, Phakopsoraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A.
crotonis (Henn.) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen, biotrophic on
Euphorbiaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, see Cummins and
Hiratsuka 2003 (synonym of Caeoma), new spp. see Yepes
and Céspedes 2008 (Aeciure ancizari = Puccinia ancizari
Mayor), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Aegeritopsis Höhn. 1903, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species A. nulliporoides Höhn, wood-rotting, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Aegis Gómez-Montoya, Rajchenb. & Robledo 2017, Grifolaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. boa Gómez-Montoya, Rajchenb. & Robledo, basidioma resupinate, effusedreflexed to pileate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting,
white rot, sequence data available, see Gómez-Montoya
et al. 2017b (phylogeny, Argentina).
Aeruginospora Höhn. 1908, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species A. singularis Höhn., Australia, Southeast Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
unavailable, see Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph,
Hygrophoraceae).
Afroboletus Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1981, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species A. pterosporus (Singer) Pegler &
T.W.K. Young, mostly stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal,
123
158
Africa, A. luteolus reported edible and consumed see Boa
2004, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Han et al. 2017 (new, sequestrate species,
Zambia), Sato et al. 2017 (phylogeny, biogeography),
Crous et al. 2018b (new species, Vietnam, generic placement doubtful).
Afrocastellanoa M.E. Sm. & Orihara 2017, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
described species but DNA evidence of more, type species
A. ivoryana (Castellano, Verbeken & Thoen) M.E. Sm. &
Orihara, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal, Africa, sequence
data available, see Orihara and Smith 2017 (phylogeny).
Agaricochaete Eichelb. 1906, Pleurotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species A. mirabilis Eichelb., Africa, Asia, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Agaricostilbum J.E. Wright 1970, Agaricostilbaceae,
Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual and asexual
morph known, c. four species, type species A. palmicola
J.E. Wright, sequence data available, see Kurtzman et al.
2011 (taxonomy), McLaughlin et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
evolution).
Agaricus L. 1753, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 500 species, type
species A. campestris L., six subgenera: Minores, Minoriopsis, Flavoagaricus, Spissicaules, Pseudochitonia, Agaricus, 23 sections, agaricoid, sequestrate, saprobes,
terrestrial, worldwide, some species edible, button mushroom (A. bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach), see Largeteau
et al. 2011 (cultivation), Dai et al. 2010b (China, edible
mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Geml et al. 2004, 2008a (North America, arctic and boreal spp.), Kerrigan et al. 2008 (section
Bivelares), Parra 2008 (Europe, monograph), Zhao et al.
2011 (phylogeny), Lebel and Syme 2012 (Australia,
sequestrate species), Parra 2013 (Europe, monograph),
Chen et al. 2015a (section Brunneopicti), Kerrigan 2016
(North America, monograph), Zhao et al. 2016f (phylogeny, taxonomy), Zhou et al. 2016c (section Xanthodermatei, phylogeny), new spp. see Parra et al. 2011
(Italy), Chen et al. 2012a, 2017b (Thailand, subgenus Minores, Europe, Greater Mekong Subregion), Lebel and
Syme 2012 (Australia), Wisitrassameewong et al. 2012
(Thailand, A. subrufescens), Zhao et al. 2012, 2013d
(Thailand), Lebel et al. 2013 (Australia), Li et al. 2014e
(China), Karunarathna et al. 2014 (Thailand), Thongklang
et al. 2014 (tropical Asia), (Thailand), Parra et al. 2014
(Spain), Gui et al. 2015 (China), He and Zhao 2015
(China), Wang et al. 2015j (China), Bates et al. 2016 (new
combinations), Drewinski et al. 2017 (Brazil), He et al.
2017a, 2018a, b (section Minores, China, Thailand, new
section), Angelini et al. 2018 (Caribbean).
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Agrocybe Fayod 1889, Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 100 species, type
species A. praecox (Pers.) Fayod, worldwide, some species
edible [A. aegerita (V. Brig.) Singer (current name: Cyclocybe aegerita (V. Brig.) Vizzini)], see Hall et al. 2003
(edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Chen et al. 2012c (China, A. aegerita), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
Malysheva and Kiyashko 2011 (Russia, A. pediades), new
spp. see Uhart and Albertó 2009 (mating tests).
Agrogaster D.A. Reid 1986, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. coneae D.A. Reid, terrestrial, New Zealand,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Ahmadiago Vánky 2004, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species plant parasite
on Euphorbiaceae, India, cultures unavailable, sequence
data unavailable, see Vánky 2004 (description).
Aizoago Vánky 2013, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species A. tetragoniae
Vánky & R.G. Shivas, plant parasites (stems, fruits) on
Tetragonia spp. (Aizoaceae), Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Vanky and Shivas
2013 (description).
Akenomyces G. Arnaud ex D. Hornby 1984, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species
A. costatus D. Hornby, Europe, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Albatrellopsis Teixeira 1993, Albatrellaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species A. confluens (Alb. & Schwein.) Teixeira,
basidioma piletae-stipitate, confluent, hymenophore poroid, ectomycorrhizal, edible species (A. confluens), see
Zheng and Liu 2008 (China), sequence data available, see
Audet 2010 (phylogeny).
Albatrellus Gray 1821, Albatrellaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 22 species, type
species A. albidus Gray, worldwide, basidioma piletaestipitat, hymenophore poroid, fleshy, ectomycorrhizal,
some species poisonous [A. dispansus (Lloyd) Canf. et
Gilb], see Bau et al. 2014 (poisonous mushrooms, China),
some species edible (A. yunnanensis H.D. Zheng & P.G.
Liu, A. zhuangii Y.C. Dai & Juan Li), see Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), and A. ellisii (Berk.) Pouzar,
called ‘‘bull tongue’’ and A. subrubescens (Murrill) Pouzar,
are sold in Mexico markets), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Gordon and Apple
2011 (genetic markers), Dentinger et al. 2011 (DNA barcode markers), Vadthanarat et al. 2017 (Thailand), new
spp. see Cui et al. 2008 (China), Khan et al. 2018
(Pakistan).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Albomagister Sánchez-Garcı́a, Birkebak & Matheny 2014,
Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species A. subaustralis
(A.H. Sm. & Hesler) Sánchez-Garcı́a, Birkebak &
Matheny, North America and Europe, sequence data
available, see Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014 (taxonomy), new
spp. see Moreau et al. 2015a (Corsica).
Aldridgea Massee 1892, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. gelatinosa Massee, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Alessioporus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species A. ichnusanus (Alessio,
Galli & Littini) Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini, stipitatepileate when mature, development secondary angiocarpic,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, North America, sequence data
available, see Gelardi et al. 2014b (taxonomy), Frank et al.
2017 (North America, new spp.).
Aleurobotrys Boidin 1986, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species A. botryosus (Burt) Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Dai and He 2017 (phylogeny, Aleurodiscus s. l.).
Aleurocystidiellum P.A. Lemke 1964, incertae sedis,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species A. subcruentatum (Berk. &
M.A. Curtis) P.A. Lemke, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Dai and He
2017 (phylogeny, Aleurodiscus s. l.).
Aleurocystis Lloyd ex G. Cunn. 1956, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species A. hakgallae (Berk. & Broome)
G. Cunn., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Giraldo et al. 2017
(phylogeny).
Aleurodiscus Rabenh. Ex J. Schröt. 1888, Stereaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 27
species, type species A. amorphus (Pers.) J. Schröt.,
worldwide, some species medicinal use (A. amorphus
Rabenh), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms,
China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Dai and He 2017 (phylogeny, Aleurodiscus s.
l.).
Aleuromyces Boidin & Gilles 2002, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. gabonicus (Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles)
Boidin & Gilles, Gabon, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Allantula Corner 1952, Pterulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species A. diffusa Corner, terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
159
Allescheriella Henn. 1897, Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Botryobasidium Donk
1931, see Gónzalez et al. 2016, five species, type species A.
uredinioides Henn., widespread, polyphyletic across
orders, in need of modern interpretation, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Alloclavaria Dentinger & D.J. McLaughlin 2007, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species A. purpurea
(Fr.) Dentinger & D.J. McLaughlin, Europe, sequence data
available, see Dentinger and McLaughlin 2006
(taxonomy).
Allodus Arthur 1906, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A. podophylli (Schwein.) Arthur, biotrophic on Berberidaceae, terrestrial,
eastern Canada and USA, ?China, sequence data available,
see Minnis et al. 2012 (genus resurrected, neotype designated, lectotype designated, molecular analysis).
Allotelium Syd. 1939, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A. mirabile Syd.,
biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, South America (Ecuador), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Alpova C.W. Dodge 1931, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species A. cinnamomeus C.W. Dodge, ectomycorrhizal, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), widespread, sequence
data available, see Vizzini et al. 2010b (phylogeny),
Rochet et al. 2011 (Europe, host, phylogeny), new spp. see
Moreau et al. 2011, 2013 (Europe), Hayward et al. 2014
(North America).
Alutaceodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2002,
Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. alutacea
(Fr.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Alveolaria Lagerh. 1891 [1892], Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species A.
cordiae Lagerh., biotrophic on Boraginaceae, terrestrial,
South America (Ecuador), sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Alysidium Kunze 1817, Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Botryobasidium see
Gónzalez et al. 2016, four species, type species A. fulvum
Kunze & J.C. Schmidt, Europe, polyphyletic across orders,
in need of modern interpretation on morphology, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Amanita Pers. 1797, Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 570 species, type
species A. muscaria (L.) Lam., most species ectomycorrhizal, some saprobic, agaricoid or secotioid, terrestrial,
three subgenera: Amanita, Amanitina and Lepidella, eleven
sections, worldwide, several species lethal (A. phalloides
123
160
(Fr.: Fr.) Link), some species edible (A. caesarea (Scop.)
Pers.), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al.
2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), Justo et al. 2010
(secotioid and gasteroid taxa), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Geml et al. 2008b
(A. muscaria species complex, phylogeography), Sanmee
et al. 2008 (Northern Thailand), Menolli et al. 2009a, b
(Brazil), Zhang et al. 2010a (monograph, phylogeny, keys),
Cai et al. 2014 (phylogeny, biogeography), SánchezRamı́rez et al. 2015 (sect. Caesareae, biogeography), Tang
et al. 2015 (tropical Africa, section Vaginatae s.l.), Cai
et al. 2016 (review, China, lethal Amanita), Tulloss et al.
2016 (taxonomy), Cui et al. 2018 (phylogeny), new spp.
see Wartchow et al. 2009 (Brazil), Tulloss et al. 2011
(Central America), Bojantchev and Davis 2013 (North
America), Davison et al. 2013 (Australia), Li and Cai 2014
(China), Davison et al. 2015 (Australia), Hosen et al. 2015
(Bangladesh), Li et al. 2015b (China), Wartchow et al.
2015a (Brazil), Thongbai et al. 2016, 2017a (Thailand),
Wartchow and Cortez 2016 (Brazil), Truong et al. 2017a
(South America, sequestrate spp.), Ebika and Yorou 2017
(Africa), Hosen et al. 2018b (India), Fraiture et al. 2019
(Africa).
Amaropostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species A. stiptica (Pers.) B.K.
Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai., China, Europe, USA, woodrotting, sequence data available, see Shen et al. 2019
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Amauroderma Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species A. regulicolor (Berk. ex Cooke) Murrill,
mostly stipitate basidioma, hymenophore poroid, terrestrial
or wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (pantropical), parasitic on the roots of living trees, see Glen et al. 2009 (rootrot disease of Acacia mangium), some species medicinal
use, see Jiao et al. 2013 [anticancer activities, A. rude
(Berk.) Torrend], Gomes-Silva and Gibertoni 2012 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Costa-Rezende et al. 2017 (phylogeny), new
spp. see Gomes-Silva et al. 2015 (phylogeny, Brazil),
Costa-Rezende et al. 2016 (phylogeny, Brazil), Song et al.
2016b (phylogeny, China).
Amaurodon J. Schröt. 1888, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten
species, type species A. viridis (Alb. & Schwein.) J.
Schröt., worldwide, wood-rotting, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Miettinen
and Koljalg 2007 (phylogeny), new spp. see Gardt et al.
2011 (West Africa).
Amaurohydnum Jülich 1978, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. flavidum Jülich, resupinate basidioma,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
minutely hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, Australia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Amauromyces Jülich 1978, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. pallidus Jülich, corticioid basidioma,
resupinate, wood-rotting, widespread (Australia, Japan,
Réunion), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data unavailable, see Chen and Oberwinkler 2004 (morphology, China).
Ambivina Katz 1974, incertae sedis, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species A. filobasidia Katz, found in USA, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Amethicium Hjortstam 1983, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. rimosum Hjortstam, basidioma resupinate
basidioma, hymenophore smooth, wood-rotting, Tanzania,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Amparoina Singer 1958, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species A. spinosissima (Singer) Singer, terrestrial,
South America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Amphinema P. Karst. 1892, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species A. sordescens (P. Karst.) P. Karst., widespread, symbiotic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Nygren et al. 2008 (ectomycorrhizal, phylogeny), Menkis et al. 2010 (mycorrhization),
Schoch et al. 2012 (DNA barcode marker), Roy et al. 2013
(ectomycorrhizal), Nuñez et al. 2013 (ecology), Luoma and
Eberhart 2014 (ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity), Miyamoto et al. 2014 (mid-domain effect in ectomycorrhizal),
Malysheva 2017a, b (mycorrhiza of pyroloids, Russia),
Lazarević and Menkis 2018 (ecology).
Amphistereum Spirin & Malysheva 2017, Auriculariaceae,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species A. schrenkii (Burt) Spirin &
Malysheva, wood-rotting, sequence data available, see
Malysheva and Spirin 2017 (taxonomy, phylogeny, stereoid basidiocarps, Auriculariales).
Ampulloclitocybe Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
2002, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species A.
clavipes (Pers.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Walther et al.
2005 (phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae).
Amylaria Corner 1955, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
type species A. himalayensis Corner, Bhutan, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Amyloathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1979, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species A. amylacea (Bourdot
& Galzin) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, Europe, South America,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
unavailable.
Amylobasidium Ginns 1988, incertae sedis, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. tsugae Ginns, found in USA, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Amylocorticiellum Spirin & Zmitr. 2002, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species A. subillaqueatum
(Litsch.) Spirin & Zmitr., widespread, terrestrial, see
Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Gorjón et al. 2011b
(notes, new combination), sequence data available, Binder
et al. 2010 (molecular phylogeny).
Amylocorticium Pouzar 1959, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
eleven species, type species A. subsulphureum (P. Karst.)
Pouzar, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2010
(phylogeny).
Amylocystis Bondartsev & Singer 1944, Dacryobolaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species A. lapponica (Romell) Bondartsev & Singer, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown
rot, circumboreal distribution in coniferous forests, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Larsson 2007b (phylogeny), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Amyloflagellula Singer 1966, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species A. pulchra (Berk. & Broome) Singer, saprophytic, tropical America and Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes). Recognized as a synonym of Marasmius
(Desjardin unpubl. data).
Amylofungus Sheng H. Wu 1996, Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species A. corrosus (G. Cunn.) Sheng H. Wu,
New Zealand, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Amylohyphus Ryvarden 1978, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. africanus Ryvarden, Rwanda, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Amylolepiota Harmaja 2002, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
161
type species A. lignicola (P. Karst.) Harmaja, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Amylonotus Ryvarden 1975, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species A. africanus Ryvarden, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Chen
et al. 2016b (systematics, Wrightoporia s. l.).
Amyloporia Singer 1944, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species A. calcea (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer, basidioma resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting,
brown rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Han et al. 2016a (taxonomy, phylogeny), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), new spp. see Rajchenberg et al. 2011 (new
combination, phylogeny, Patagonia, Argentina, Chile?),
Cui and Dai 2013 (new combination, phylogeny, China).
Amylosporomyces S.S. Rattan 1977, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species A. echinosporus S.S. Rattan, worldwide,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Amylosporus Ryvarden 1973, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve
species, type species A. graminicola (Murrill) Ryvarden,
basidioma resupinate, pileate to stipitate, hymenophore
poroid, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Chen and Shen 2014 (new sp.,
morphology, phylogeny, China), Campi et al. 2017 (new
sp., taxonomy, phylogeny, Paraguay).
Amylostereum Boidin 1958, Echinodontiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species A. chailletii (Pers.) Boidin, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Bergeron et al. 2008 (Canada, new record), Fitza et al.
2016 (host specificity, diversity, Japan), Zhao et al. 2017c
(phylogeny), new spp. see Olatinwo et al. 2013 (America).
Amyloxenasma (Oberw.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005,
Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, six species, type species A.
grisellum (Bourdot) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, widespread,
saprobes, terrestrial, sequence data available, see Binder
et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Anamika K.A. Thomas, Peintner, M.M. Moser & Manim.
2002, Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species A.
indica K.A. Thomas, Peintner, M.M. Moser & Manim.
(current name: Hebeloma indicum (K.A. Thomas, Peintner,
M.M. Moser & Manim.) B.J. Rees 2013), terrestrial,
ectomycorrhizal, India, China, sequence data available, see
Thomas et al. 2002 (genus accepted), Yang et al. 2005
(phylogeny).
123
162
Anastomyces W.P. Wu, B. Sutton & Gange 1997, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, sexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. microsporus W.P.
Wu, B. Sutton & Gange, fungicolous, China, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Seifert
et al. 2011 (genera of Hyphomycetes).
Anastrophella E. Horak & Desjardin 1994, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species A. subpeltata (Redhead) E. Horak & Desjardin, terrestrial, saprobic, New
Zealand, Hawaii, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Andebbia Trappe, Castellano & Amar. 1996, Mesophelliaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. pachythrix (Cooke
& Massee) Trappe, Castellano & Amar., Australia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Hosaka et al. 2008 (biogeography, Hysterangiales).
Anguillomyces Marvanová & Bärl. 2000, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, sexual morph Basidiomycota, one species, type species A. acadiensis Marvanová &
Bärl., Canada, fresh water, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013, Seifert et al. 2011 (morphology).
Anomalomyces Vánky, M. Lutz & R.G. Shivas 2006,
Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two
species, plant parasites (ovaries) on Panicum spp. (Poaceae), Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see McTaggart et al. 2012b (phylogeny),
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Anomoloma Niemelä & K.H. Larss. 2007, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species A. albolutescens
(Romell) Niemelä & K.H. Larss, basidioma resupinate,
strongly rhizomorphic, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2010
(phylogeny, morphology), new spp. see Song et al. 2016a
(monograph, phylogeny, China).
Anomoporia Pouzar 1966, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species A. bombycina (Fr.) Pouzar, basidioma
resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, brown rot,
north temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson 2004 (phylogeny),
Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny, morphology), Song et al.
2016a (phylogeny, China).
Antella Miettinen 2016, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species A. niemelaei (Vampola & Vlasák) Miettinen,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, subtropical widespread
(China, Venezuelan Andes), sequence data available, see
Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (new genus, new combinations, phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
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Antherospora R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Begerow, Pia˛tek &
Vánky 2008, Floromycetaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, twelve species, type species A. vaillantii (Tul. &
C. Tul.) R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Begerow, Pia˛tek & Vánky,
plant parasites (flowers) on Hyacinthaceae, Africa, North
America, Asia, Europe, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Pia˛tek et al. 2013b (phylogeny), Begerow
et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Anthomyces Dietel 1899, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A. brasiliensis
Dietel, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, South America
(Brazil), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Anthomycetella Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 (= Reyesiella Sacc.
1917), Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one
species, type species A. canarii Syd. & P. Syd., biotrophic
on Burseraceae, terrestrial, Philippines, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Anthoporia Karasiński & Niemelä 2016, Fomitopsidaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species A. albobrunnea (Romell) Karasiński & Niemelä, basidioma resupinate, hymenophore
poroid, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread (North
America, Eurasia), sequence data available, see Karasiński
and Niemelä 2016 (new genus, new combination, morphology), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Anthracocystis Bref. 1912, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, 134 species, type species A. destruens
Bref., plant parasites (flowers) on Poaceae, widespread,
saprobic yeast states on plants, cultures available, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Pia˛tek
et al. 2015 (phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Anthracoidea Bref. 1895, (= Cintractiomyxa Golovin
1952), Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 112 species, type species A. caricis (Pers.) Bref.,
plant parasites (ovaries) on Cyperaceae (mainly Carex
spp.), circumpolar, arctic-alpine, saprobic states, cultures
available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Anthracophyllum Ces. 1879, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve species,
type species A. beccarianum Ces., worldwide, on wood,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Matheny
et al. 2007b (phylogeny).
Antrodia P. Karst. 1879, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 80 species
(needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic), type
species A. serpens (Fr.) P. Karst. (current name: A. albida
(Fr.) Donk), poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2013a (phylogeny, morphology,
new combinations), new spp. see Kout and Vlasák 2009
(phylogeny, USA), Rivoire 2010 (morphology, France),
Cui et al. 2011d (morphology, China), Vlasák et al. 2012
(phylogeny, USA), Spirin et al. 2013a (phylogeny, new
records, Russia), Cui 2013a (phylogeny, China), Vlasák
et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Slovakia), Park et al. 2014c (phylogeny, South Korea), Spirin et al. 2015d (phylogeny, new
combination, Antrodia crassa group, Czech Republic,
Estonia, USA), Chen and Cui 2016 (phylogeny, Antrodia
heteromorpha complex, China), Kaipper-Figueiró et al.
2016 (phylogeny, Brazil), Spirin 2016 (phylogeny, taxonomy), Spirin et al. 2016a (phylogeny, new combination, A.
malicola group, Indonesia, Russia), Chen and Wu 2017
(phylogeny, China), Kout et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Canary
Islands), Spirin et al. 2017a (phylogeny, new combinations,
Antrodia serialis group, Russia, USA), Yuan et al. 2017e
(phylogeny, Uzbekistan), new combinations see Ryvarden
and Melo 2014 (morphology, polypores, Europe), Ryvarden et al. 2017 (morphology, polypores, Europe).
Antrodiella Ryvarden & I. Johans. 1980, Steccherinaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
50 species, type species A. semisupina (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Ryvarden, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan but temperate, some species medicinal use, see Lu et al.
2013 (medicinal use), sequence data available, see Cui
et al. 2008 (molecular characters), Miettinen et al. 2012
(morphology, phylogeny), new spp. see Vampola and
Vlasák 2011 (America), Yuan and Qin 2012 (China), Yuan
2013a (China), Gurpreet et al. 2015 (India), Justo et al.
2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Antrodiopsis Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. oleracea (R.W. Davidson & Lombard)
Audet, basidioma resupinate, poroid hymenophore,
sequence data available, see Audet 2017c (new
combination).
Anupama K.N.A. Raj, K.P.D. Latha & Manim. 2019,
Biannulariaceae, Agaricales, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species A. indica K.N.A. Raj, K.P.D. Latha &
Manim., India, sequence data available, see Raj et al. 2019
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Aphanobasidium Jülich 1979, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species A. subnitens (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich, worldwide,
wood-rotting (A. subnitens (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülic), see
Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), see Prasher and Ashok 2013 (wood-inhabiting
fungi checklist, Himachal Pradesh), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Aphelaria Corner 1950, Aphelariaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, 20 species, type species A. dendroides
163
(Jungh.) Corner, widespread, polyphyletic across orders, in
need of modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Aphelariopsis Jülich 1982, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species, type species A. borneensis (Jülich) Jülich (current
name: Paraphelaria borneensis Jülich), Sarawak, south
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Aphroditeola Redhead & Manfr. Binder 2013, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. olida (Quél.) Redhead & Manfr. Binder, Europe, sequence data available,
see Redhead 2013a (taxonomy), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae).
Aphyllotus Singer 1973, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. campanelliformis Singer, Colombia, Brazil,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Apioperdon (Kreisel & D. Krüger) Vizzini 2017, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. pyriforme (Schaeff.)
Vizzini, sequence data available, see Vizzini and Ercole
2017 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Apiotrichum Stautz 1931, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
21 species, types pecies A. porosum Stautz, yeast, on wood,
soil, human skin, widespread, cultures and sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2015b (phylogeny), James et al.
2016 (new spp.), Takashima et al. 2018 (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Aplopsora Mains 1921, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species A. nyssae Mains,
biotrophic on Cornaceae, Fabaceae, Nyssaceae, Vochysiaceae, Urticaceae, terrestrial, North America, South
America (Brazil), Japan, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Aporophallus Möller 1895, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species A. subtilis Möller, terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Apra J.F. Hennen & F.O. Freire 1979, Raveneliaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A.
bispora J.F. Hennen & F.O. Freire, biotrophic on Fabaceae,
terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Aquascypha D.A. Reid 1965, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. hydrophora (Berk.) D.A. Reid, stipitate
stereoid basidioma, wood-rotting, Central and South
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
123
164
Arachnion Schwein. 1822, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species A. album Schwein., subtropical, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Miller et al.
2011 (fungus identification), new spp. see see TrierveilerPereira et al. 2018 (Brazil).
Araeocoryne Corner 1950, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. elegans Corner, wood-decaying, Malaysia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Arambarria Rajchenb. & Pildain 2015, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. cognata (Speg.)
Rajchenb. & Pildain, type species on dead branches and
stems of Lomatia hirsuta (Proteaceae) and Diostea juncea
(Verbenaceae), basidioma poroid, wood-rotting, white rot,
sequence data available, see Rajchenberg et al. 2015
(phylogeny, poroid Hymenochaetaceae, Patagonia,
Argentina), Pildain et al. 2017 (pathogen, canker rot of
Eucalyptus in Uruguay, stem-rot of Vitis vinifera in
Argentina and Chile).
Arcispora Marvanová & Bärl. 1998, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, sexual morph unknown, one
species, type species A. bisagittaria Marvanová & Bärl.,
aquatic, Canada, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Seifert et al. 2011 (genera of
Hyphomycetes).
Arcticomyces Savile 1959, Exobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, one species, tyepe species A. warmingii (Rostr.) Savile, plant parasite on Saxifraga spp.
(Saxifragaceae), Europe, cultures unavailable, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014 (taxonomy),
Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Armillaria (Fr.) Staude 1857, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 39 species, type
species A. mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm, worldwide, parasitic,
saprobic, honey fungus, wood pathogen (A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink), edible (A. mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm.), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Pildain et al. 2010 (Argentina), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Koch et al.
2017 (biogeography, taxonomy), sequence data available,
see Ross-Davis et al. 2012 (phylogeny, North American),
Klopfenstein et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Northern Hemisphere), new spp. see Lima et al. 2008 (Brazil), Brazee
et al. 2012a (North America), Hood and Ramsfield 2016
(New Zealand), Elı́as-Román et al. 2018 (Mexico), Park
et al. 2018 (Korea).
Aroramyces Castellano & Verbeken 2000, Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, c. five species, type species A. gelatinosporus
(Cribb) Castellano, hypogeous, basidioma gasteroid, only
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
known from Zimbabwe, Mexico and Queensland, Australia, ectomycorrhizal with angiosperms and gymnosperms, sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2008
(phylogeny), Guevara-Guerrero et al. 2016 (Mexico).
Arrasia Bernicchia, Gorjón & Nakasone 2011, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. rostrata Bernicchia,
Gorjón & Nakasone, Italy, sequence data unavailable, see
Bernicchia et al. 2011 (taxonomy).
Arrhenia Fr. 1849, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 36 species, type
species A. auriscalpium (Fr.) Fr., temperate, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Larsson 2007a (phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014
(phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), new spp. see
Desjardin and Perry 2017 (São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Africa).
Arthrodochium R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. 1990, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species,
type species A. candidum R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr.,
Cuba, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Seifert et al. 2011 (genera of
Hyphomycetes).
Arthromyces T.J. Baroni & Lodge 2007, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species A. claviformis T.J. Baroni & Lodge,
America, sequence data available, see Baroni et al. 2007
(taxonomy), Bellanger et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Arthrosporella Singer 1970 (= Nothoclavulina Singer
1970 fide Index Fungorum 2019, Art. 59.1), incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph was previously known in Nothoclavulina Singer 1970, one species,
type species A. ditopa (Singer) Singer, America, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Seifert et al. 2011 (genera of Hyphomycetes).
Arthuria H.S. Jacks. 1931, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species A. catenulata
H.S. Jacks. & Holw., biotrophic on Apocynaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, Columbia, India, Mexico, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Zuluaga et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Uredinales, Colombian Andean region).
Arthuriomyces Cummins & Y. Hirats. 1983, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species A. peckianus (Howe)
Cummins & Y. Hirats., north America, Russia, China,
Japan, on Rubus, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Artomyces Jülich 1982, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species A. pyxidatus (Pers.) Jülich, wood-rotting, worldwide, sequence data available, new sp. see Kneal and
Smith 2015 (Chile).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Arualis Katz 1980, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species A. carolinensis Katz,
USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Aseroë Labill 1800, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species A.
rubra Labill, terrestrial, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka
et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a
(phylogeny, morphology).
Asproinocybe R. Heim 1970, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species A. lactifera R. Heim, tropical Africa, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Aspropaxillus Kühner & Maire 1934, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species A. giganteus (Sowerby) Kühner
& Maire (current name: Leucopaxillus giganteus
(Sowerby) Singer), sequence data available, see Vizzini
et al. 2012b (new combinations, phylogeny).
Asterocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species A. floccosa W.B. Cook, worldwide,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Asterodon Pat. 1894, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. ferruginosus Pat., widespread (North
temperate), basidioma resupinate, smooth hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogeny).
Asterophora Ditmar 1809, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Ugola Adans. 1763, three
species, type species A. lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar,
temperate, fungal parasitic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), mycoparasite, sequence data available, see
Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae).
Asterostroma Massee 1889, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 19 species, type
species A. apalum (Berk. & Broome) Massee, worldwide,
basidioma resupinate, smooth hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, sequence data available, see Suhara 2010 (taxonomy), new spp. see De 2009 (India).
Astraeus Morgan 1889, Diplocystidiaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species A. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan, worldwide,
earthstar, some species medicinal use (A. hygrometricus
(Pers.) Morgan), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal
mushrooms, China), Lai et al. 2012 (compounds), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Fangfuk et al. 2010 (Japan), Phosri et al. 2013 (phylogeny),
165
new spp. see Phosri et al. 2013, 2014 (USA, Greece,
Thailand), Ryoo et al. 2017 (Korea, Japan).
Atelocauda Arthur & Cummins 1933, Pileolariaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species
A. incrustans Arthur & Cummins, biotrophic on Fabaceae,
terrestrial, Asia (China, Japan), Australia, Brazil, Hawaii,
Panama, gall rust, see Nelson 2009 (on Acacia koa, A.
digitate (G. Winter) Cummins & Y. Hirats.), see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Yepes
and Alves de Carvalho 2014 (new species, discussion).
Athelia Pers. 1822 (= Fibularhizoctonia G.C. Adams &
Kropp 1996 fide Adams and Kropp 1996), Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph was previously
known in Fibularhizoctonia (current name: Athelia Pers.
1822), 32 species, type species A. epiphylla Pers., widespread, see Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), some species are facultative parasites of plants (including crops) and of lichens, see
Esslinger 2016 (checklist), sequence data available, see
Lawrey et al. 2007 (phylogeny), Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Xu et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Athelicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1986, Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species A. stridii K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam,
Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Athelidium Oberw. 1965, Stephanosporaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species A. aurantiacum (M.P. Christ.) Oberw., see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Larsson 2007b (classification, corticioid fungi), new
spp. see Yurchenko and Kotiranta 2007 (Belarus and Finland), Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual).
Athelocystis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010, Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species A. capitata Hjortstam & Ryvarden,
Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see Hjortstam and
Ryvarden 2010b (new spp.).
Atheloderma Parmasto 1968, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species A. mirabile Parmasto, wood-decaying, Europe, Asia, see Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny, hymenochaetoid clade).
Athelopsis Oberw. ex Parmasto 1968, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type species A. glaucina (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw.
ex Parmasto, widespread, see Zmitrovich 2008 (species
manual), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Hjortstam et al. 2009 (Western Australia), Singh et al.
2010c (India).
123
166
Atheniella Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys, Desjardin &
B.A. Perry 2012, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species, type
species A. adonis (Bull.) Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys,
Desjardin & B.A. Perry, worldwide, saprophytic, sequence
data unavailable, see Redhead 2012 (taxonomy), new spp.
see Lehmann and Lüderitz 2018 (Germany).
Atractidochium Oono, Urbina & Aime 2018, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales, Atractiellomycetes, sporodochial
asexual state, sexual morph unkown, one species, type
species A. hillariae Oono, Urbina & Aime, abundant
hyphal endophytes of Pinus taeda needles, nature of
association with host unknown, North Carolina (USA),
sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2018b (integrative
taxonomy).
Atractiella Sacc. 1886, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales,
Atractiellomycetes, seven species, type species A.
brunaudiana Sacc., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Oberwinkler et al.
2006 (phylogeny, Atractiellales), new spp. see Bonito et al.
2017 (USA, integrative taxonomy, ecology).
Atractocolax R. Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw. 1999, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species A. pulvinatus R.
Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw., Europe, associated with
bark beetles, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Atractogloea Oberw. & Bandoni 1982, Atractogloeaceae,
Atractiellales, Atractiellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species A. stillata Oberw. & Bandoni,
USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Atractosporocybe P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Vizzini 2015,
incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species A. inornata (Sowerby)
P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Vizzini, from the Mediterranean
basin to Northern Europe and North America, in either
broadleaf or conifer forests, sequence data available, see
Alvarado et al. 2015 (taxonomy), new spp. see Gulden and
Larsson 2016 (Svalbard, Scandinavia).
Atraporiella Ryvarden 2007, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species A. neotropica Ryvarden, Belize, sequence data
available, see Miettinen and Rajchenberg 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Wu et al. 2017c (China).
Atroporus Ryvarden 1973, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species A. diabolicus (Berk.) Ryvarden., wood-rotting,
neotropics, sequence data available, see Palacio et al. 2017
(genus accepted, taxonomy, phylogeny).
Aurantiopileus Ginns, D.L. Lindner & T.J. Baroni 2010,
Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species A. mayaensis Ginns,
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
D.L. Lindner & T.J. Baroni, hymenophore poroid, woodrotting, white rot, widespread (Asia, America), sequence
data available, see Ginns et al. 2010 (monograph, new
combinations), see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales).
Aurantiosporium M. Piepenbr., Vánky & Oberw. 1996,
Ustilentylomataceae,
Microbotryales,
Microbotryomycetes, four species, type species A. subnitens (J. Schröt.
& Henn.) M. Piepenbr., Vánky & Oberw., worldwide, on
Cyperaceae, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 1997
(phylogeny).
Aurantiporus Murrill 1905, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species
(needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see
Papp and Dima 2018), type species A. pilotae (Schwein.)
Murrill, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), Papp and Dima 2018 (new genus, new
combination, phylogeny, type study), new sp. see Niemelä
et al. 2012 (morphology, Europe).
Aureoboletus Pouzar 1957, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 33 species, type
species A. gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar, stipitate-pileate, worldwide, biogeography study see Wrzosek et al. 2017 (A.
projectellus, biogeography, Europe), some species edible
(A. thibetanus (Pat.) Hongo & Nagas.), see Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Klofac 2010
(monograph), Nuhn et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Boletineae),
Halling et al. 2015 (phylogeny, new combination), Wu
et al. 2016f (monograph, new combination, new spp.,
China), new spp. see Shi and Liu 2013 (China), Zhang
et al. 2014a (Guangxi, China), Zeng et al. 2015 (China),
Zhang et al. 2015a, b (Hunan, Guangdong, China), Wu
et al. 2016e (new combination, new spp., China), Zhang
et al. 2017b (Tibet, China).
Auricularia Bull. 1789, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 21 species,
type species A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers., widespread,
some species edible [A. auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél.], see
Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms, China), some
medicinal use (A. auricula (L. ex Hook.) Underw.), see Dai
and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Looney et al. 2013 (Southeastern USA, monograph),
Malysheva and Bulakh 2014 (Russia, monograph), Wu
et al. 2014a (phylogeny), new spp. see Kumari et al. 2013a
(North India), Looney et al. 2013 (southeastern USA), Wu
et al. 2014a, 2015d, e (USA, China, Brazil), Bandara et al.
2015a, 2017 (Southeastern Asia).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Auriculariopsis Maire 1902, Schizophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species A. ampla (Lév.) Maire (current name:
Schizophyllum amplum (Lév.) Nakasone), worldwide,
wood decaying, sequence data available, see Binder et al.
2005 (phylogeny), new combination see Ryvarden 2010
(America).
Auriculoscypha D.A. Reid & Manim. 1985, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. anacardiicola D.A.
Reid & Manim., India, medicinal use, see Puthusseri et al.
2010 (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties), see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Kumar et al. 2007 (phylogeny).
Aurificaria D.A. Reid 1963, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species A. indica (Massee) D.A. Reid,
wood-rotting, basidioma pileate to stipitate, poroid hymenophore, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Wagner and Fischer
2002 (phylogeny).
Auriporia Ryvarden 1973, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species A. aurea (Peck) Ryvarden, basidimes resupinate, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread (north temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales).
Auriscalpium Gray 1821, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species A. vulgare Gray, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Kim
et al. 2015 (mushroom flora of Korea).
Auritella Matheny & Bougher 2006, Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species A. dolichocystis Matheny, Trappe &
Bougher ex Matheny & Bougher, Australia, India, ectomycorrhizal, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Matheny and Bougher 2006
(monograph), new spp. see Matheny et al. 2012 (India),
Matheny et al. 2017b (Cameroon, worldwide key),
Matheny and Bougher 2017 (Australia).
Austeria Miettinen 2016, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species A. citrea (Berk.) Miettinen, pileate basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, sequence
data available, see Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (new
genus, new combination, morphology).
Australicium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2002, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species A. singulare (G. Cunn.) Hjortstam
& Ryvarden, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot,
167
widespread (Australia, New Zealand, Venezuela),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Australohydnum Jülich 1978, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species A. griseofuscescens (Reichardt) Jülich,
basidioma resupinate, hymenophore hydnoid, wood-rotting, widespread (Australia, Europe), see Tura et al. 2011
(new record, Israel), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data unavailable, see Saitta et al. 2014 (morphology, new record, Italy, A. dregeanum (Berk.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden).
Australopilus Halling & N.A. Fechner 2012, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species A. palumanus (Wolfe & Bougher)
Halling & N.A. Fechner, stipitate-pileate, Australia,
sequence data available, see Halling et al. 2012b
(monograph).
Australoporus P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden 1988, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species A. tasmanicus (Berk.)
P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, white rot, Australia, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Australovuilleminia Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenb. 2010,
Vuilleminiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species A. coccinea
Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenb., saprotroph, wood-rotting, on
dead attached twigs and branches of Nothofagus in New
Zealand, sequence data available, see Ghobad-Nejhad et al.
2010 (phylogeny, Vuilleminia, Corticiales).
Austrobasidium Palfner 2006, Exobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species A.
pehueldeni Palfner, plant parasite (stem) on Hydrangea
spp. (Hydrangeaceae), Chile, cultures unavailable,
sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014.
Austroboletus (Corner) Wolfe 1980, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 36 species,
type species A. dictyotus (Boedijn) Wolfe, stipitate-pileate,
worldwide, some species edible (A. gracilis (Peck) Wolfe),
see Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms, China), see Fulgenzi et al. 2010 (new record, Guyana), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Drehmel
et al. 2008 (phylogeny, boletes), new spp. see da Marcela
Vasco-Palacios et al. 2014 (Colombian Amazonia), Das
and Dentinger 2015 (India), Fechner et al. 2017 (Australia).
Austroclitocybe Raithelh. 1972, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species A. veronicae Raithelh., temperate America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Austrogaster Singer 1962, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species A. marthae Singer, South America (temperate),
123
168
New Zealand, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Austrogautieria E.L. Stewart & Trappe 1985, Gallaceaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species A. macrospora E.L.
Stewart & Trappe, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2008
(biogeography, Hysterangiales), Truong et al. 2017b
(DNA-barcoding).
Austrolentinus Ryvarden 1991, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. tenebrosus (Corner) Ryvarden,
hymenophore lamellate, wood-rotting, Australia, Solomon
Islands, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Austroomphaliaster Garrido 1988, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species A. nahuelbutensis Garrido, temperate
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Austropaxillus Bresinsky & Jarosch 1999, Serpulaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine
species, type species A. statuum (Speg.) Bresinsky & Jarosch, ectomycorrhizal, widespread (southern temperate),
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Skrede et al. 2011 (evolution, phylogeny).
Austropuccinia Beenken 2017, Sphaerophragmiaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species A.
psidii (G. Winter) Beenken (asexual morph Uredo psidii
J.A. Simpson, K. Thomas & Grgur.), biotrophic on Myrtaceae, terrestrial, Australia, Brazil, China, USA, Hawaii,
Japan, Mexico, New Caledonia, New Zealand, South
Africa, South America, sequence data available, see Tan
et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Machado et al. 2015 (epitypification), Beenken 2017 (distribution, morphology, phylogeny). Several authors (e.g., Sandhu et al. 2016) assume
that the myrtle rust is a species complex, future research
will show how many species exist in the genus.
Baeodromus Arthur 1905, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species B. holwayi
Arthur, biotrophic on Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Urticaceae, terrestrial, China, Central America, North America,
South America, Russia, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Baeospora Singer 1938, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species B. myosura (Fr.) Singer, North temperate, tropical,
snowbank agaric, saprobic, see Hutchison et al. 2012
(morphology, new spp.), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Walther et al. 2005 (phylogeny, conidiogenesis modes).
Ballistosporomyces Nakase, G. Okada & Sugiy. 1989,
Chionosphaeraceae,
Agaricostilbales,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species, type species B. xanthus Nakase, G. Okada & Sugiy.,
yeast, Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (phylogenetic classification of yeasts, Pucciniomycotina), new spp. see Han
et al. 2016b (China).
Baltazaria Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff. 2018,
Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, four species, type species B. galactina
(Fr.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff., corticioid,
wood-rotting, worldwide, sequence data available, see
Leal-Dutra et al. 2018 (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Bambusiomyces Vánky 2011, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species B.
shiraianus (Henn.) Vánky, plant parasite on woody bamboos (Bambuseae, Poaceae), South East Asia, cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Vánky 2011
(taxonomy), McTaggart et al. 2012a (taxonomy).
Bandonia A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
&
Boekhout
2015,
Tetragoniomycetaceae,
Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species B. marina (Uden & Zobell) A.M.
Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout,
yeast, aquatic, worldwide, sequence data available, see Liu
et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Bankera Coker & Beers ex Pouzar 1955, Bankeraceae,
Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
eight species, type species B. fuligineoalba (J.C. Schmidt)
Coker & Beers ex Pouzar, worldwide, on soil, basidioma
stipitate, hymenophore hydnoid, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available.
Bannoa Hamam. 2002, Erythrobasidiaceae, Erythrobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs
known, four species, type species B. hahajimensis
Hamam., Thanh & Nakase, yeast, isolated from plant
material, Japan, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy),
cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e
(emended, phylogeny).
Bannozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Chrysozymaceae, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species,
type species B. yamatoana (Nakase, M. Suzuki & M. Itoh)
Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast,
psychrophilic, Arctic, Japan, cultures and sequence data
available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Baorangia G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species B. pseudocalopus (Hongo) G. Wu &
Zhu L. Yang, ectomycorrhizal, stipitate-pileate, China,
Japan, North America, sequence data available, see Wu
et al. 2016e (taxonomy).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Barcheria T. Lebel 2004, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. willisiana T. Lebel, Australia, sequence
data available, see Lebel et al. 2004 (monograph).
Bartheletia G. Arnaud ex Scheuer, R. Bauer, M. Lutz,
Stabenth., Melnik & Grube 2008, incertae sedis, incertae
sedis, Basidiomycota, one species, type species B. paradoxa G. Arnaud ex Scheuer, R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Stabenth.,
Melnik & Grube, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany,
Russia, Sweden, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Korea,
Japan, living on ginkgo, see Kirschner and Okuda 2013
(new record, Japan), sequence data available, see Scheuer
et al. 2008 (monograph).
Basidioascus Matsush. 2003, Geminibasidiaceae, Geminibasidiales, Wallemiomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species B. undulatus Matsush., Australia, sequence data available, see Nguyen et al. 2013a
(phylogeny, new sp.), Nasr et al. 2014b (new sp., Iran).
Basidiodendron Rick 1938, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species,
type species B. luteogriseum Rick, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species, poroid Auriculariales,
phylogeny).
Basidiopycnis Oberw., R. Kirschner, R. Bauer, Begerow &
Arenal 2006, Hoehnelomycetaceae, Atractiellales, Atractiellomycetes, synonyms Basidiopycnides albertensis J.
Reid, Eyjólfsd. & Georg Hausner 2008, asexual morph
known, one species, type species B. hyaline Oberw., R.
Kirschner, R. Bauer, Begerow & Arenal, presumably
mycophilic but nature of association unknown, in bark
beetle galleries in dead wood of conifers, Europe and North
America, see Oberwinkler et al. 2006 (integrated taxonomy), Kischner and Oberwinkler 2009 (integrated taxonomy), sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2018c
(phylogeny).
Basidioradulum Nobles 1967, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species B. radula (Fr.) Nobles, basidioma
resupinate, hymenophore raduloid or hydnoid, wood-rotting, Europe, North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001 (phylogeny).
Battarrea Pers. 1801, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species B. phalloides (Dicks.) Pers., worldwide, terrestrial,
saprobic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Martı́n and Johannesson 2000 (phylogeny, Europe), Martı́n et al. 2013b (phylogeny), Ivančević et al. 2016 (taxonomy, worldwide review).
Battarreoides T. Herrera 1953, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. potosinus T. Herrera (current name: B.
169
diguetii (Pat. & Har.) R. Heim & T. Herrera), America
(deserts), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Bauerago Vánky 1999, Microbotryaceae, Microbotryales,
Microbotryomycetes, nine species, type species B. abstrusa
(Malençon) Vánky, worldwide, biotrophic in seeds of
Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Denchev and Denchev 2018 (taxonomic re-examination, Africa), sequence data available,
see Kemler et al. 2006, 2009 (phylogeny, Microbotryaceae,
non-caryophyllaceous
plant-parasitic
species,
Microbotryum).
Beenakia D.A. Reid 1956, Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species B. dacostae D.A. Reid, wood-decaying, widespread (tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Giachini et al. 2010
(phylogeny, Gomphales).
Bensingtonia Ingold 1986, Kondoacea, Agaricostilbales,
Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, five species, type species B. ciliata Ingold, yeast, worldwide, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Biatoropsis Räsänen 1934, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species B. usnearum Räsänen, lichenicolous, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Bibulocystis J. Walker, Beilharz, Pascoe & Priest 2006,
Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species B. pulcherrima J. Walker, Beilharz,
Pascoe & Priest, Australia, New Caledonia, sequence data
unavailable, new sp. see Walker and Shivas 2009 (morphology, Australia).
Binderoboletus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species B. segoi T.W. Henkel
& Husbands, stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal,
South America, DNA sequence data available, see Henkel
et al. 2016 (taxonomy).
Bjerkandera P. Karst. 1879, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species B. adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., basidioma
pilate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Jung et al. 2014 (sequence
validation), Westphalen et al. 2015 (new sp., new combination, phylogeny, Central and South America), Ryvarden
2016b (new sp., morphology, tropical America), Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016 (Russia, intraspecies
polymorphism).
123
170
Blasiphalia Redhead 2007, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. pseudogrisella (A.H. Sm.) Redhead, USA,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Blastospora Dietel 1908 (= Pelastoma), Mikronegeriaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species B.
smilacis Dietel, asexual morphs Caeoma Link 1809, Pelastoma M. Salazar, A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen 2012,
biotrophic on Apocynaceae, Betulaceae, Smilacaceae, terrestrial, Central and South America, Japan, see Yepes and
de Carvalho 2012 (new combination, asexual morph), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Aime 2006 (phylogeny, family-level, Uredinales).
Blastosporella T.J. Baroni & Franco-Mol. 2007,
Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species B. zonata T.J.
Baroni & Franco-Mol., Colombia, sequence data available,
see Baroni et al. 2007 (taxonomy).
Blumenavia Möller 1895, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species B. rhacodes Möller, terrestrial, south America;
Africa, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Degreef et al. 2013 (morphology), Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a (phylogeny, morphology).
Bogbodia Redhead 2013, Strophariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. uda (Pers.) Redhead, worldwide, sequence
data unavailable, see Redhead 2013a (taxonomy).
Boidinella Nakasone 2011, incertae sedis, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species B. globulispora (Boidin & Lanq.) Nakasone,
wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see
Nakasone 2011 (taxonomy, morphology).
Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam 1982, Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven
species, type species B. furfuracea (Bres.) Stalpers &
Hjortstam, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson
2003 (phylogeny), new spp. see Adamčı́k et al. 2015
(China).
Bolbitius Fr. 1838, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 70 species, type
species B. titubans (Bull.) Fr., worldwide, saprobic, dung
fungi, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Amandeep et al. 2013 (India), Malysheva
et al. 2015a (taxonomic revision, Russia), new spp. see
Hausknecht et al. 2008 (Italy), Dähncke et al. 2010 (Spain),
Crous et al. 2015a (new sp., phylogeny).
Boletellus Murrill 1909, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type
species B. ananas (M.A. Curtis) Murrill, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide (mostly subtropical to tropical), some species edible see Boa 2004, see Kirk et al. 2013
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(genus accepted), DNA sequence data available, see Halling and Ortiz-Santana 2009 (revision of sect. Ixocephali),
Halling et al. 2015 (phylogeny, new spp. and combinations), new spp. see Fulgenzi et al. 2008 (Guyana), Mayor
et al. 2008 (Guyana), Sato and Hattori 2015 (Japan), Wu
et al. 2016f (China), Parihar et al. 2018a (India).
Boletinellus Murrill 1909, Boletinellaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. merulioides (Schwein.) Murrill, North
America, Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2006 (Agaricales,
phylogeny).
Boletochaete Singer 1944, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species B. spinifera (Pat. & C.F. Baker) Singer, stipitatepileate, ectomycorrhizal, Souteast Asia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, see
Horak 2011 (new combinations).
Boletopsis Fayod 1889, Bankeraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species B. leucomelaena (Pers.) Fayod, worldwide,
terrestrial, some species edible [B. grisea (Peck) Bondartsev & Singer], see Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Watling and Milne 2008 (European, North
American), new spp. see Cooper and Leonard 2012
(Southern Hemisphere).
Boletus L. 1753, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 350 species, type species B.
edulis Bull., terrestrial, ectomycorrhizal, some stipitatepileate, others are sequestrate, porcini mushrooms, some
species edible, King bolete (B. edulis Bull.), see Drehmel
et al. 2008 (phylogeny, biodiversity, boletes), Sarikurkcu
et al. 2008 (antioxidant activity), Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Beugelsdijk et al. 2008 (Europe, phylogeny, Boletus section Boletus), Dentinger et al.
2010 (Boletus section Boletus, monograph), Nuhn et al.
2013 (phylogeny, Boletaceae), Cui et al. 2016 (Porcini
mushrooms, Boletus sect. Boletus, China), new spp. see
Arora 2008 (California, USA), Korhonen et al. 2009
(Fennoscandia), Ortiz-Santana et al. 2009a, b (North
America, Gulf Coast, Northern Florida), Takahashi et al.
2011 (Japan), Blanco-Dios and Marques 2013 (coastal
dunes of Northwest Spain), Gelardi et al. 2013a (China),
Nuhn et al. 2013 (New Zealand), Takahashi et al. 2013
(Japan), Arora and Frank 2014a (USA), Halling et al. 2014
(Thailand, Australia), Li et al. 2014a (China), Šutara et al.
2014 (Czech Republic), Zeng et al. 2014 (China), Chakraborty et al. 2015 (India), Das and Dentinger 2015 (India),
Cui et al. 2016 (China), Terashima et al. 2016 (Japan),
Chakraborty et al. 2017b (India).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Bondarcevomyces Parmasto 1999, Tapinellaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species B. taxi (Bondartsev) Parmasto, Asia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Bondarzewia Singer 1940, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species B. montana (Quél.) Singer, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Chen et al. 2016e (phylogeny), Song et al. 2016c (phylogeny, biogeography), new spp. see Dai et al. 2010a
(China), Das et al. 2015a (India).
Boninogaster Kobayasi 1937, incertae sedis, Geastrales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. phalloides Kobayasi, Bonin islands, Japan,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available.
Bonomyces Vizzini 2014, Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species B. sinopicus (Fr.) Vizzini, worldwide,
agaricoid, see Vizzini 2014b (taxonomy), sequence data
available, see Alvarado et al. 2018a, b (phylogeny).
Boreostereum Parmasto 1968, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species B. radiatum (Peck) Parmasto, widespread (north temperate), brown rot, wood-rotting, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Chen et al. 2016a (novel
natural compounds), sequence data available, see GarciaSandoval et al. 2011 (phylogeny).
Borofutus Hosen & Zhu L. Yang 2012, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species B. dhakanus Hosen & Zhu L. Yang,
stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, Asia (tropical), sequence data available, see Hosen et al. 2013 (morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny), Vadthanarat et al. 2018
(phylogeny, Thailand).
Bothia Halling, T.J. Baroni & Manfr. Binder 2007, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species B. castanella (Peck)
Halling, T.J. Baroni & Manfr. Binder, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, North America, Asia, sequence data
available, new spp. see Zeng et al. 2015 (China).
Botryobasidium Donk 1931 (= Haplotrichum Link fide
Rossman et al. 2016), Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph described as Haplotrichum
spp., c. 58 species, type species B. subcoronatum (Höhn. &
Litsch.) Donk, saprotrophic, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), McLaughlin and Spatafora 2014
(overview of genus), Rossman et al. 2016 (although Haplotrichum is the older name, Botryobasidium is proposed
for protection due to its size and popularity), sequence data
available, see Brazee et al. 2014 (ecology), Rosenthal et al.
2017 (ecology, corticioid fungi in North American
171
pinaceous forests), new spp. see Bernicchia et al. 2010
(Italy), Buyck et al. 2017 (Africa).
Botryoconis Syd. & P. Syd. 1906, Cryptobasidiaceae,
Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type species B. saccardoi Syd. & P. Syd., plant parasites (leaves,
stem, fruits) on Lauraceae, Central and South America,
cultures unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014
(taxonomy).
Botryodontia (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Hjortstam 1987,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, six species, type species B. cirrata (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Hjortstam, wood-decaying,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Sell et al. 2014 (B. millavensis
and Oxyporus philadelphi are conspecific).
Botryorhiza Whetzel & Olive 1917, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species B.
hippocrateae Whetzel & Olive, biotrophic on Hippocrateaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, Puerto Rico, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Bourdotia (Bres.) Bres. & Torrend 1913, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species B. galzinii (Bres.) Trotter, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species,
poroid Auriculariales, phylogeny).
Bourdotiella Duhem & Schultheis 2011, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species B. complicata Duhem & Schultheis, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, France, sequence
data unavailable, see Bernard and Schultheis 2011 (new
genus, new species, morphology).
Bourdotigloea Aime 2018, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales,
Atractiellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. nine species, type species B. vestita (Bourdot & Galzin) Aime,
presumably saprobic, on decaying wood, decaying herbaceous material and old fungi, Europe and North America,
sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2018c (taxonomy,
phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2018c (phylogeny, new spp.).
Bovista Pers. 1794, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 58 species, type
species B. plumbea Pers., two subgenera Globaria and
Bovista, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson and Jeppson 2008
(phylogeny, Europe), Larsson et al. 2009a (phylogeny,
Europe), new spp. see Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2010
(Brazil), Yousaf et al. 2013 (Pakistan), Jeppson et al. 2016
(Hungary), Rebriev et al. 2017 (Russia), Trierveiler-Pereira
et al. 2018 (Brazil).
Brachybasidium Gäum. 1922, Brachybasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species B. pinangae (Racib.) Gäum., plant
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172
parasites (leaves) on Pinanga spp. (Arecaceae), West Java,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014
(taxonomy).
Brauniella Rick ex Singer 1955, Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species B. alba (Rick) Rick ex Singer, America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Bresadolia Speg. 1883, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species B. paradoxa Speg., on dead wood, white rot,
tropical to warm-temperate, sequence data available, see
Motato-Vásquez et al. 2018 (genus accepted, phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Brevicellicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1978,
Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, 13 species, type species B. exile (H.S.
Jacks.) K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam, wood-decaying, Europe,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Sjökvist et al. 2012 (evolution), Telleria et al.
2013a (phylogeny).
Brevicellopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2008, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species B. allantospora (Hjortstam &
Ryvarden) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, worldwide, sequence
data unavailable, see Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2008b
(taxonomy).
Bridgeoporus T.J. Volk, Burds. & Ammirati 1996, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species B. nobilissimus (W.B.
Cooke) T.J. Volk, Burds. & Ammirati, USA, basidioma
pileate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp.
see Wu et al. 2017a (China).
Broomeia Berk. 1844, Broomeiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species B. congregata Berk., Americas, Asia, sequence
data unavailable, see Lugo et al. 2012 (morphology, new
record, Argentina), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Brunneocorticium Sheng H. Wu 2007, Marasmiaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species B. pyriforme Sheng H. Wu, China,
sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2007 (taxonomy).
Brunneoporus Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species B. malicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Audet,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Audet 2017b
(taxonomy).
Bryoperdon Vizzini 2017, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species B. acuminatum (Bosc) Vizzini, sequence data
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
available, see Vizzini and Ercole 2017 (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Buchwaldoboletus Pilát 1969, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species B. lignicola (Kallenb.) Pilát, stipitate-pileate,
lignicolous and mycoparasitic see Nuhn et al. 2013,
worldwide, see Ortiz-Santana and Both 2011 (review with
new combinations), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, new spp. see Blanco-Dios and
Marques 2013 (Europe).
Buckleyzyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Buckleyzymaceae, Buckleyzymales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph unknown, five species,
type species B. aurantiaca (Saito) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Buglossoporus Kotl. & Pouzar 1966, Fomitopsidaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
nine species, type species B. quercinus (Schrad.) Kotl. &
Pouzar, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Han et al. 2016a (new sp.,
phylogeny, China).
Bulbilla Diederich, Flakus & Etayo 2014 [= Adamflakia
Diederich & Lawrey nom. inval. et nom. illeg. superfl.],
incertae sedis, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, only
asexual morph known (bulbil-forming), one species, type
species B. applanata Diederich, Flakus & Etayo
[= Adamflakia applanata (Diederich, Flakus & Etayo)
Diederich & Lawrey, nom. inval.], sequence data available,
see Diederich et al. 2014 (new sp., phylogeny).
The new name Adamflakia was introduced by Lawrey
et al. (2016) for Bulbilla because these authors believed
that the latter generic name was not validly published
following Art. 20.2 (ICN), stating that it ‘‘coincides with a
Latin technical term in use in morphology’’. As a consequence, the names Adamflakia and A. applanata (as ‘‘A.
applanata Diederich & Lawrey’’) were recently accepted
in the world-wide checklist of lichenicolous fungi (Diederich et al. 2018a). However, Bulbilla was actually validly
published because it is not a morphological term. In the
case of the term ‘‘bulbil’’ there is no corresponding ‘‘bulbilla’’ in use for this morphological structure in Latin. The
Latin term would be ‘‘bulbillus’’ and thus only the exact
spelling ‘‘Bulbillus’’ is not allowed following Art. 20.2. A
similar case exists for the genus Spinulum in lycopods. The
Latin term would be ‘‘spinula’’, but because the generic
name ends with ‘‘-um’’, and not ‘‘-a’’, the fern community
considers it as valid (PPG I 2016, p. 570; see also discussion on http://www.fernsoftheworld.com/2014/01/02/spinu
lum-annotinum/) and Art. 20.2 does not to apply here too.
In addition, the genus Adamflakia was invalidly published
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(Art. 40.1 (Melbourne)) because the type of Adamflakia
should have been cited as A. applanata (not B. applanata).
As a result of the genus not being validly published, the
species Adamflakia applanata is invalid too because it was
published in an invalidly published genus (Art. 35.1).
Because Bulbilla was validly published, Adamflakia is both
invalid (because it wasn’t validly published) and illegitimate (because it was a superfluous renaming since Bulbilla
was available, valid and legitimate), and A. applanata is
invalid (since the genus was invalid, the species cannot be
validly combined).
Bulbillomyces Jülich 1974, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Aegerita Pers. 1794, one
species, type species B. farinosus (Bres.) Jülich, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson 2007b (phylogeny, Hyphoderma),
Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Bullera Derx 1930, Bulleraceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, four species,
type species B. alba (W.F. Hanna) Derx, yeast, possibly
mycoparasite, plant material, worldwide, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Bulleribasidium J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Bauer 2002,
Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual
and asexual morphs known, eleven species, type species B.
oberjochense J.P. Samp., Gadanho, M. Weiss & R. Bauer,
yeast, possibly mycoparasite, widespread, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Burgella Diederich & Lawrey 2007, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, only asexual morph known
(bulbil-forming), two species, type species B. flavoparmeliae Diederich & Lawrey, North and South America,
sequence data available, see Diederich et al. 2014 (new
spp., phylogeny).
Burgellopsis Diederich & Lawrey 2014, Hydnaceae,
Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, only asexual morph
known (bulbil-forming), one species, type species B. nivea
Diederich & Lawrey, Scotland, sequence data available,
see Diederich et al. 2014 (new spp., phylogeny), Lawrey
et al. 2016 (phylogeny).
Burgoa Goid. 1937, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph known (bulbil-forming), nine
species, type species B. verzuoliana Goid., propagules
bulbils, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Diederich and Lawrey 2007
(new sp.), Kiyuna et al. 2015 (Japan, ecology).
Burrillia Setch. 1891, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, four species, type species B. pustulata
Setch., plant parasites on monocots (Alismataceae, Pontederiaceae), South and East Asia, North America, India,
173
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Butlerelfia Weresub & Illman 1980, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species B. eustacei Weresub & Illman, Canada,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vu et al. 2019 (DNA barcodes).
Butyrea Miettinen 2016, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species B. luteoalba (P. Karst.) Miettinen, resupinate
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread
(northern Europe, Asia), sequence data available, see
Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), Miettinen and Ryvarden
2016 (new genus, new combinations, phylogeny), Zmitrovich et al. 2018a (taxonomy).
Butyriboletus Arora & J.L. Frank 2014, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 25
species, type species B. appendiculatus (Schaeff.) D. Arora
& J.L. Frank, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide,
some species edible, see Boa 2004 (wild edible fungi),
sequence data available, see Arora and Frank 2014b
(phylogeny, new spp. and combinations), new spp. see
Liang et al. 2016 (China), Wu et al. 2016f (China), new
combinations see Zhao et al. 2015d.
Byssocorticium Bondartsev & Singer 1944, Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
eleven species, type species B. atrovirens (Fr.) Bondartsev
& Singer, ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Palmer
et al. 2008 (ectomycorrhizal), Zmitrovich 2008 (species
manual), Bahram et al. 2012 (ectomycorrhizal fungal
diversity), Pickles et al. 2012 (ecology), Gao et al. 2013a
(ecology), Miyamoto et al. 2014 (ectomycorrhizal fungus),
new spp. see Kotiranta et al. 2011 (Finland), Dhingra 2014
(diversity, Himalaya and adjoining areas).
Byssomerulius Parmasto 1967, Irpicaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species B. corium (Pers.) Parmasto, basidioma merulioid, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson
et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes),
Jang et al. 2016 (Korea), new combination see Tura et al.
2011 (morphology, Israel), Justo et al. 2017 (Phylogeny,
Polyporales).
Byssoporia M.J. Larsen & Zak 1978, Albatrellaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species B. terrestris (DC.) M.J. Larsen & Zak,
mycorrhizal, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson 2007a
(corticioid fungi, phylogeny).
Cabalodontia Pia˛tek 2004, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species C. queletii (Bourdot & Galzin) Pia˛tek,
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174
resupinate basidioma, varied hymenophore (ceraceous to
subgelatinous, odontoid, tuberculate, smooth), wood-rotting, widespread (Northern Hemisphere), sequence data
available, see Rosenthal et al. 2017 (ecology, corticioid
fungi in North American pinaceous forests).
Caeoma Link 1809 (= Hypodermium Link 1815), incertae
sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph particularly of Arthuria H.S. Jacks., Chrysocelis Lagerh. &
Dietel, Gymnoconia Lagerh., Melampsora Castagne, Polioma Arthur, c. 50 species, type species C. berberidis
(Pers.) Har. (current name: Puccinia graminis Pers.), biotrophic on various families, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Aime et al. 2018a (phylogeny, evolution with host, Pucciniales), new spp. see Yepes and Céspedes 2008, Afshan
et al. 2012 (morphology, Pakistan), Savchenko et al. 2014
(morphology, rust fungi, Israel).
Caeruleomyces Stalpers 2000, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Hymenochaetales, one species, type species C. verae Stalpers, wooddecaying, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Caetea Salazar-Yepes & A.A. Carvalho 2012, incertae
sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species C. itatiaiaensis Salazar-Yepes & A.A. Carvalho,
biotrophic on Fabaceae (Piptadenia), terrestrial, Brazil, see
Yepes and de Carvalho 2012 (taxonomy).
Calbovista Morse ex M.T. Seidl 1995, Lycoperdaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. subsculpta Morse ex M.T. Seidl,
USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Calcipostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019, incertae
sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. guttulata (Sacc.)
B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai, China, Europe, USA,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Shen et al. 2019
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Calidion Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 [1918], Uncolaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species C.
lindsaeae (Henn.) Syd. & P. Syd., biotrophic on Bombacaceae, Polypodiaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, Colombia, Asia
(China, India, Sri Lanka), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data unavailable, new spp. see Yepes
and Céspedes 2008, Silva et al. 2009 (new combination,
new host record, Brazil).
Callistodermatium Singer 1981, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. violascens Singer, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Callistosporium Singer 1944, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species C. palmarum (Murrill) Singer, saprobic, wood-decaying or on soil, worldwide, see Antonı́n et al. 2009
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(Czech, ecology), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae), Saba and Khalid 2014 (Pakistan),
Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014, 2017 (phylogeny, evolution),
new spp. see Desjardin and Hemmes 2011 (Hawaii), Desjardin and Perry 2017 (São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, West
Africa).
Caloboletus Vizzini 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species C. calopus (Pers.) Vizzini, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Vizzini 2014b, sequence data
available, see Zhao et al. 2014d (phylogeny and new spp.,
Asia).
Calocera (Fr.) Fr. 1828, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species,
type species C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr., wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Nagy et al. 2015 (genome, evolution),
new spp. see Wu et al. 2011b (China), Shirouzu et al.
2013a (Amazonia).
Calocybe Kühner ex Donk 1962, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 46
species, type species C. gambosa (Fr.) Donk, worldwide,
some species edible (C. indica Purkay. & A. Chandra), see
Alam et al. 2008 (nutritional analysis), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007
(agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Bellanger
et al. 2015 (phylogeny), new spp. see Floriani and Vizzini
2016 (Italy), Corriol et al. 2017 (France), Li et al. 2017a
(China).
Calocybella Vizzini, Consiglio & Setti 2015, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species C. pudica (Bon &
Contu) Vizzini, Consiglio & Setti, Italy, France, Spain,
India, Dominican Republic, sequence data available, see
Vizzini et al. 2015a (monograph), new spp. see Latha et al.
2016b (India), Vizzini et al. 2017 (Dominican Republic).
Calostoma Desv. 1809, Calostomataceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species C. cinnabarinum Desv., ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Wilson et al. 2012a (ecology), some species
edible, yemitas (C. cinnabarina Desv.), see Bautista-Nava
and Moreno-Fuentes 2009 (C. cinnabarina), some species
medicinal use (C. japonica Henn.), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Wilson 2009
(Sclerodermatineae, ecology, evolution), Wilson et al.
2012a (phylogeny, Sclerodermatineae), Trierveiler-Pereira
et al. 2013 (Costa Rica, monograph), new spp. see Deng
and Wu 2014 (South China).
Calvarula Zeller 1939, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species C. excavata Zeller, terrestrial, America, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Calvatia Fr. 1849 (= Langermannia Rostk. 1839), Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, c. 43 species, type species C. craniiformis
(Schwein.) Fr., two subgenera: Calvatia Fr. and Langermannia (Rostk.) Jeppson & E. Larss., see Larsson and
Jeppson 2008, worldwide, terrestrial, saprobic, some species edible (C. lilacina (Mont. & Berk.) Henn.), see Coetze
and van Wyk 2009 (ethnomycology), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Wu et al. 2011a (compounds), Coetzee and Van Wyk 2012 (nomenclatural
notes), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson and Jeppson 2008 (North Europe,
phylogeny), Bates et al. 2009 (key, phylogeny), new sp. see
Suárez et al. 2009 (Brazil), Alves and Cortez 2013a (Brazil), Rebriev 2013 (Vietnam), Alfredo et al. 2014a (Brazil),
Gunasekaran et al. 2018 (India, new sp., distribution data).
Calvatiopsis Hollós 1929, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. bovistoides Hollós, Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Calyptella Quél. 1886, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species C. capula (Holmsk.) Quél., worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid
homobasidiomycetes).
Camarophyllopsis Herink 1958, Clavariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 26 species, type
species C. schulzeri (Bres.) Herink, worldwide, biotrophic,
saprobic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Birkebak et al. 2013, 2016 (ecology,
Clavariaceae, phylogeny, taxonomy).
Campanella Henn. 1895, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 39 species,
type species C. buettneri Henn., pleurotoid habit with vein
or ridge-like anastomosing lamellae, worldwide, see
Bougher 2007 (Western Australia), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al.
2002 (phylogeny), Vinnere et al. 2005 (phylogeny, pathogen), Desjardin et al. 2017 (type study), new spp. see
Farook and Manimohan 2014 (India), Desjardin and Perry
2017 (São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Africa).
Campanophyllum Cifuentes & R.H. Petersen 2003,
Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. proboscideum (Fr.)
Cifuentes & R.H. Petersen, America, sequence data available, see Cifuentes et al. 2003 (taxonomy).
Campanulospora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá
2007, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one
species, type species C. rubi Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. &
175
Buriticá, anamorph of Gerwasia, biotrophic on Rosaceae
(Rubus), terrestrial, Ecuador, sequence data unavailable.
Camptobasidium Marvanová & Suberkr. 1990 (= Crucella
Marvanová & Suberkr. 1990 fide Art. 59.1), Camptobasidiaceae, Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. hydrophilum Marvanová & Suberkr., USA, yeast, aquatic, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures and sequence data available, see Sampaio et al. 2003 (phylogeny), Wang et al.
2015e (phylogeny).
Campylomyces Nakasone 2004, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. tabacinus (Cooke) Nakasone,
Australia, Morocco, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Canasta A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen 2010, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type
species C. cruscula A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen, biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, terrestrial, warmer areas of
Central and South America, asexual stage of Prospodium,
see de Carvalho and Hennen 2010 (taxonomy).
Candelabrochaete Boidin 1970, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve
species, type species C. africana Boidin, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Floudas and
Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), new spp. see Duhem and Buyck 2011a
(morphology, New Caledonia).
Cantharellopsis Kuyper 1986, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. prescotii (Weinm.) Kuyper,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny),
Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny, Hymenochaetales).
Cantharellula Singer 1936, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. umbonata (J.F. Gmel.) Singer, worldwide
(temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA
barcode), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph,
Hygrophoraceae).
Cantharellus Adans.ex Fr. 1821, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 300
species estimated, see Buyck et al. 2014, Buyck 2016, type
species C. cibarius Fr., six subgenera: Afrocantharellus
Eyssart. & Buyck, Cantharellus Adans. ex Fr., Cinnabarinus Buyck & V. Hofst., Parvocantharellus Eyssart. &
Buyck, Pseudocantharellus Eyssart. & Buyck, Rubrinus
Eyssart. & Buyck, (the 7th subgenus has been suggested for
neotropical species, i.e. C. guyanensis Mont. (see Buyck
et al. 2016a), c. 15 sections, ectomycorrhizal, terrestrial,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), multiple
123
176
commercially important edible species, see Buyck 1994
(Africa), Pilz et al. 2003, Buyck 2008 (Madagascar), Arora
and Dunham 2008 (North America), Shao et al. 2011,
sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2006 (cantharelloid clade), Buyck et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Africa),
Buyck et al. 2014 (world multigene phylogeny), Buyck
et al. 2015 (phylogeny, Madagascar), De Kesel et al. 2016
(multigene phylogeny, new section, Africa); Olariaga et al.
2015c (phylogeny, Europe), Buyck et al. 2016c (phylogeny, America), epitypifications and new species, for
Asia, see Eyssartier et al. 2009, Kumari et al. 2011, 2013c,
Tian et al. 2012, Das et al. 2015c, Suhara and Kurogi 2015,
Shao et al. 2014, 2016a, b, Antonı́n et al. 2017a; for Africa,
see Tibuhwa et al. 2008, De Kesel and Buyck 2011, Buyck
2012, 2014, Buyck et al. 2016a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 2017, 2018,
2019; for Madagascar, see Ariyawansa et al. 2015, Buyck
et al. 2015, for Europe, see Olariaga et al. 2015c; for North
America, see Buyck and Hofstetter 2011, Buyck et al.
2010b, 2011, 2016d, e, Thorn et al. 2017; for South
America, see Wartchow et al. 2012a, b, Pinheiro and
Warchow 2013, Henkel et al. 2014b, Nascimento et al.
2014; for New Caledonia, see Buyck 2014, Buyck et al.
2016d.
Cantharocybe H.E. Bigelow & A.H. Sm. 1973, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species C. gruberi (A.H. Sm.)
H.E. Bigelow & A.H. Sm., on soil, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Ovrebo et al. 2011 (phylogeny, morphology, Belize),
Kumar and Manimohan 2013 (new combination, phylogeny), Hosen et al. 2016b (phylogeny, Bangladesh), new
combination see Kumar and Manimohan 2013 (India).
Capillosclerotium Prameela & Deeba 2013, Corticiaceae,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. indicum Prameela & Deeba,
causing the stem rot of cluster bean, India, sequence data
available, see Devi et al. 2013 (phylogeny).
Capitulocladosporium L.Y. Sun, X. Sun & L.D. Guo 2017,
incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Ustilaginomycetes, one
species, type species C. clinodiplosidis L.Y. Sun, X. Sun &
L.D. Guo, China, host midge (genus Clinodiplosis), cultures available, sequence data available, see Sun et al. 2018
(taxonomy).
Carcinomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1982, Carcinomycetaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, three species, type species C. effibulatus
(Ginns & Sunhede) Oberw. & Bandoni, yeast, mycoparasite, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Caripia Kuntze 1898, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species C. montagnei (Berk.) Kuntze, America, see Ginns
2011a (USA, morphology), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al.
2002 (phylogeny), Mata et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Carlosrosaea A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Trimorphomycetaceae,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
three species, type species C. vrieseae (M.F. Landell, L.R.
Brandão, S.V. Safar, F.C. Gomes, C.R. Félix, A.R. Santos,
D.M. Pagani, J.P. Ramos, L. Broetto, T. Mott, M.H.
Vainstein, P. Valente & C.A. Rosa) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z.
Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, Europe,
Brazil, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al.
2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny), new spp. see Felix et al.
2017 (Brazil).
Carolinigaster M.E. Sm. & S. Cruz 2018, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. bonitoi M.E. Sm. & S. Cruz,
basidioma hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal, USA, sequence
data available, see Crous et al. 2018a (taxonomy).
Castellanea T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. pakaraimophila T.W. Henkel &
M.E. Sm., sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal, South America,
sequence data available, see Smith et al. 2015 (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Castoreum Cooke & Massee 1887, Mesophelliaceae,
Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species C. radicatum Cooke & Massee,
Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Truong et al. 2017b (DNA-barcoding).
Catathelasma Lovejoy 1910, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. evanescens Lovejoy, North temperate, see
Zhang et al. 2009 (biochemical analysis), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo
et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics,
phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Dentinger et al.
2011 (DNA barcode), Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2017 (phylogeny, new family).
Catatrama Franco-Mol. 1991, Amanitaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. costaricensis Franco-Mol., India, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Yang et al. 2018b
(phylogeny).
Catilla Pat. 1915, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species C. pandani (Pat.) Pat., Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Caudicicola Miettinen, M. Kulju & Kotir. 2017, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. gracilis Miettinen,
M. Kulju & Kotir., resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, Finland, on stumps and roots of Picea
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
abies and Pinus sylvestris, sequence data available, see
Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales), Kotiranta et al.
2017 (new genus, new sp., morphology).
Caulorhiza Lennox 1979, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species C. umbonata (Peck) Lennox, USA, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
Celatogloea P. Roberts 2005, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species C. simplicibasidium (Lindsey & Gilb.) P. Roberts,
USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Cellypha Donk 1959, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species C. goldbachii (Weinm.) Donk, worldwide,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Cenangiomyces Dyko & B. Sutton 1979, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species
C. luteus Dyko & B. Sutton, British Isles, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Centrolepidosporium R.G. Shivas & Vánky 2007, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species,
type species C. sclerodermum R.G. Shivas & Vánky, plant
parasite on Centrolepis exserta (Centrolepidaceae), Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Cephaloscypha Agerer 1975, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. mairei (Pilát) Agerer, saprophytic, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Ceraceomyces Jülich 1972, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16
species, type species C. tessulatus (Cooke) Jülich, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, new spp. see Dhingra and Singh 2008b
(India), Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Chikowski
et al. 2017 (Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil).
Ceraceopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. verruculosa Hjortstam &
Ryvarden, Venezuela, sequence data unavailable, see
Hjortstam et al. 2007 (taxonomy).
Ceraceopsora Kakish., T. Sato & S. Sato 1984, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species C. elaeagni Kakish., T. Sato & S. Sato, biotrophic
on Elaeagnaceae, (Ranunculaceae alternate host), terrestrial, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Ceraceosorus B.K. Bakshi 1976, Ceraceosoraceae, Ceraceosorales, Exobasidiomycetes, three species, type species C. bombacis (B.K. Bakshi) B.K. Bakshi, plant
177
parasites (leaves) on Bombax spp. (Malvaceae), India,
West Africa, Guam, saprobic yeast states on plants, cultures available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015c, Kijpornyongpan and Aime 2016, Piatek et al. 2016, Kijpornyongpan et al. 2018 (smut pathogenic ancestry of the
fungal clade Ustilaginomycotina, genome).
Cerarioporia F. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Jing Si 2016, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. cystidiata F. Wu,
L.W. Zhou & J. Si, wood-rotting, China, sequence data
available, see Wu et al. 2016c (taxonomy, China).
Ceratellopsis Konrad & Maubl. 1937, Gomphaceae,
Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
nine species, type species C. queletii (Pat.) Konrad &
Maubl., wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers 1935, Ceratobasidiaceae,
Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Ceratorhiza, c. 19 species, type species C. calosporum D.P.
Rogers, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Samuels et al. 2012 (Southeast
Asia, Melanesia, taxonomy), Oberwinkler et al. 2013a
(only recognized one species in the genus, transferring the
others to Rhizoctonia), Zhou et al. 2017 (China, pathogenic), new spp. see Diederich et al. 2014 (Europe).
Ceratocoma Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1991, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species C. jacksoniae (Henn. ex McAlpine) Buriticá & J.F.
Hennen, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, Australia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Ceratoporia Ryvarden & de Meijer 2002, Ceratobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. perplexa Ryvarden
& de Meijer, saprobic, Brazil, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Ceratorhiza R.T. Moore 1987, Ceratobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual Ceratobasidium/
Rhizoctonia, seven species, type species C. goodyerae-repentis (Costantin & L.M. Dufour) R.T. Moore, pathogenetic, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Hu et al. 2010 (pathogenicity),
Amirmijani et al. 2012 (Iran), Oberwinkler et al. 2013a
(considered as a synonym of Rhizoctonia).
Ceratosebacina P. Roberts 1993, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species C. longispora (Hauerslev) P. Roberts,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001
(phylogeny).
Cercopemyces T.J. Baroni, Kropp & V.S. Evenson 2014,
incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
123
178
unknown, three species, type species C. crocodilinus T.J.
Baroni, Kropp & V.S. Evenson, USA, sequence data
available, see Baroni et al. 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Cericium Hjortstam 1995, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. luteoincrustatum (Hjortstam & Ryvarden)
Hjortstam, south America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cerinomyces G.W. Martin 1949, Cerinomycetaceae,
Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown,
13 species, type species C. pallidus G.W. Martin, wooddecaying, widespread (temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Shirouzu
et al. 2013b (phylogeny, several species with clamp connections and mainly 0–1-septate basidiospores are in
Cerinomycetaceae clade), new combination see Malysheva
2009.
Cerinosterus R.T. Moore 1987, Dacrymycetaceae,
Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, sexual morph Femsjonia
Fr., one species, type species C. luteoalbus (de Hoog) R.T.
Moore, wood-decaying, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Lim et al.
2005 (fungal diversity).
Cerioporus Quél. 1886, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species,
type species C. squamosus (Huds.) Quél., polyporoid
basidiomas, wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan, see
Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016 (genus re-establishing,
phylogeny), Zmitrovich et al. 2017 [C. rangiferinus (Bolton) Zmitr. et al. re-habilitation, phylogeny].
Ceriporia Donk 1933, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type
species C. viridans (Berk. & Broome) Donk, basidioma
resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot,
cosmopolitan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Læssøe and Ryvarden 2010a (morphology, Ecuador), Mata and Ryvarden 2010 (morphology,
Costa Rica), Jia and Cui 2011 (morphology, China),
Gomes-Silva et al. 2012b (morphology, Brazil), Jia et al.
2014 (phylogeny, China), Ryvarden 2014 (morphology,
tropical America), Soares et al. 2015 (morphology, Brazil,
Neotropics), Miettinen et al. 2016a (phylogeny, France,
Indonesia, Russia, USA), Spirin et al. 2016b (phylogeny,
C. purpura group, Europe, North America), Yuan et al.
2017c (phylogeny, tropical China), Ryvarden 2018a
(morphology, Seychelles), new combinations see Ryvarden
2015c (morphology), Ryvarden et al. 2017 (morphology),
needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see
Jia et al. 2014, Miettinen et al. 2016a.
Ceriporiopsis Domański 1963, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species
(needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Zhao and Cui 2014, Justo et al. 2017), type species
C. gilvescens (Bres.) Domański, resupinate basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Miettinen and Rajchenberg 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Læssøe and Ryvarden 2010b (morphology, Ecuador), Mata and Ryvarden 2010 (morphology,
Costa Rica), Vlasák et al. 2012 (phylogeny, USA), Cui
2013b (morphology, China), Zhao and Cui 2014 (phylogeny, China), Zhao et al. 2015c (phylogeny, China),
Gomes-Silva et al. 2016 (morphology, Brazil), Ryvarden
2016b (morphology, tropical America), Spirin and Ryvarden 2016 (morphology, Mexico), Ryvarden 2016b, 2018
(morphology, Namibia, Burundi, Ethiopia, Mozambique),
Zhao and Wu 2017 (phylogeny, China), new combination
see Ryvarden 2015c (morphology, type study, India).
Ceropsora B.K. Bakshi & Suj. Singh 1960, Coleosporiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species C. piceae (Barclay) B.K. Bakshi & Suj. Singh,
biotrophic on Pinaceae, terrestrial, India, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cerotelium Arthur 1906 (= Catenulopsora Mundk. 1943),
Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 27 species,
type species C. canavaliae Arthur, biotrophic on Aristolochiaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Papaveraceae, Urticaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics and subtropics,
fig rust (C. fici (Castagne) Arthur), cotton rust (C. desmium
(Berk. & Broome) Arthur), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Latinovic et al. 2015 (pathogen, Montenegro),
sequence data available, new spp. see Yepes and de Carvalho 2009, Mohanan 2010.
Cerradoa J.F. Hennen & Y. Ono 1978, incertae sedis,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C.
palmaea J.F. Hennen & Y. Ono (current name: Edythea
palmaea (J.F. Hennen & Y. Ono) Cummins & Y. Hirats.),
sequence data unavailable.
Cerrena Gray 1821, Cerrenaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species, type
species C. cinerea (Pers.) Gray (current name: C. unicolor
(Bull.) Murrill), hymenophore poroid to daedaloid or irpicoid, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Zmitrovich and Malysheva 2013 (phylogeny), Justo et al.
2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales), new sp. see Lee and Lim
2010 (phylogeny, South Korea), new combinations see
Yuan 2014 (phylogeny).
Chaconia Juel 1897, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales (= Bitzea
Mains 1939, = Desmotelium Syd. 1937), Pucciniomycetes,
twelve species, type species C. alutacea Juel, biotrophic on
Bignoniaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae,
Heliconiaceae, Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, terrestrial, India, South America (Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, Venezuela), Thailand, West Africa, sequence data
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
unavailable, see Berndt 2008b (C. hennenii Berndt, holomorph species for Uredo maclurae and Uredo celtidis),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), new spp. see Berndt and
Beenken 2013 (notes, key).
Chaetocalathus Singer 1943, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species C. craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer,
saprophytic, worldwide, see Takahashi and Degawa 2011
(Japan), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe), Antonı́n
2012 (morphology, tropical Africa), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Bodensteiner et al.
2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes), Kerekes and Desjardin 2009 (monograph, Crinipellis, Moniliophthora, Southeast Asia).
Chaetodermella Rauschert 1988, Gloeophyllaceae,
Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. luna (Romell ex D.P. Rogers
& H.S. Jacks.) Rauschert, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available see Sjökvist
et al. 2012 (phylogeny).
Chaetospermum Sacc. 1892, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual known, four species, type species
C. tubercularioides Sacc., worldwide, see Roberts 2011
(‘E. rolleyi’, morphology), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Riess et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (taxonomy, phylogeny,
Sebacinales).
Chaetotyphula Corner 1950, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species C. hyalina (Jungh.) Corner, tropical, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Dentinger and McLaughlin 2006 (phylogeny).
Chalciporus Bataille 1908 (= Rubinoboletus Pilát & Dermek 1969), Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 30 species, type species C.
piperatus (Bull.) Bataille, stipitate-pileate, parasitic? (at
least the type species is mycoparasitic see Nuhn et al.
2013), worldwide, some species edible (C. rubritubifer
(Kauffman) Singer) see Bessette et al. 2017 (Eastern North
America), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, new species see Degreef and De Kesel 2008
(Cameroon), Wu et al. 2016f (China), Zhang et al. 2017c
(China).
Chamaemyces Battarra ex Earle 1909, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. alphitophyllus (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Earle, agaricoid, saprotrophic, North temperate, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Vellinga 2004 (phylogeny), Walther et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Saar et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Chamonixia Rolland 1899, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
179
species C. caespitosa Rolland, sequestrate, worldwide, see
Mleczko et al. 2009 (new record, central Europe), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Binder and Hibbett 2006 (phylogeny, Boletales), Orihara
et al. 2016a (new record, Japan).
Chardoniella F. Kern 1939, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species C. gynoxidis F.
Kern, biotrophic on Asteraceae, terrestrial, South America
(Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Zuluaga
et al. 2011 (Colombian Andean region, Uredinales).
Cheimonophyllum Singer 1955, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. candidissimum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Singer, worldwide, see Blanco-Dios 2014b (morphology,
keys), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Chernovia A.M. Yurkov & Begerow 2016, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Wallemiomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. houtui J. Federici, A.M.
Yurkov & D. Begerow, yeast, soil, Germany, sequence and
cultures available, see Yurkov et al. 2016 (new spp.,
Germany).
Chionosphaera D.E. Cox 1976 (= Fibulostilbum Seifert &
Oberw. 1992), Chionosphaeraceae, Agaricostilbales,
Agaricostilbomycetes, yeast stage known for C. apobasidialis and C. cuniculicola, six species, type species C.
apobasidialis D.E. Cox, presumably mycophilic on ascomycetes but nature of the association is unclear, on bark of
deciduous wood, in beetle galleries in dead wood, on
lichens, on ascocarps of Phylacia poculiformis, Europe and
North America, cultures and sequence data available, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Wang et al.
2015e(phylogeny).
Chiua Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. virens (W.F. Chiu) Yan C. Li & Zhu L.
Yang, stipitate-pileate, China, sequence data available, see
Wu et al. 2016f (taxonomy, China).
Chlamydopus Speg. 1898, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. clavatus Speg. (current name: C. meyenianus (Klotzsch) Lloyd), desert areas, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Martı́n et al.
2000 (phylogeny).
Chlorogaster Læssøe & Jalink 2004, Sclerodermataceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. dipterocarpi Læssøe & Jalink,
Sabah, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Chlorolepiota Sathe & S.D. Deshp. 1979, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species C. mahabaleshwarensis Sathe &
S.D. Deshp., India, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
123
180
Kumari et al. 2013c (morphology, India), sequence data
available, see Atri et al. 2014 (new spp., India).
Chlorophyllum Massee 1898, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 19 species, type
species C. esculentum Massee, agaricoid, sequestrate,
worldwide, see Ge and Yang 2006 (China, key), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Vellinga 2006 (United Kingdom, key), Crous et al. 2015a, b
(morphology, phylogeny), Ge et al. 2018 (phylogeny, new
spp., key).
Chondrogaster Maire 1926, Mesophelliaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. pachysporus Maire, Mauritania
Brazil, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Lupatini et al. 2008 (mycorrhizal morphotyping and molecular characterization),
Hosaka et al. 2008 (phylogeography).
Chondrostereum Pouzar 1959, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar, worldwide,
wood decaying (C. purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar), see Lygis
et al. 2004 (pathogen), Vartiamäki 2009 (silvicide use),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Larsson et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid
homobasidiomycetes).
Chromocyphella De Toni & Levi 1888, Chromocyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species C. crouanii Pat. &
Doass., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Petersen et al. 2010 (phylogeny, Crepidotaceae), Moreno et al. 2017b (new spp.,
phylogeny).
Chromosera Redhead, Ammirati & Norvell 1995, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species C. cyanophylla (Fr.)
Redhead, Ammirati & Norvell, three subgenera: Chromosera Redhead, Ammirati & Norvell 1995, Oreocybe
(Boertm.) Vizzini, Lodge & Padamsee 2013, Subomphalia
Vizzini, Lodge & Padamsee 2013, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Holec et al. 2015 (Europe),
sequence data available, see Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny,
monograph, Hygrophoraceae).
Chroogomphus (Singer) O.K. Mill. 1964, Gomphidiaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 23
species, type species C. rutilus (Schaeff.) O.K. Mill.,
ectomycorrhizal, widespread (north temperate), some species edible (C. confusus Yan C. Li et Zhu L. Yang), see Dai
et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms, China), some medicinal
use (C. rutilus (Schaeff.: Fr.) O.K. Miller), see Dai and
Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Feng et al. 2014 (compounds), sequence
data available, see Li et al. 2009b (phylogeny, new spp.),
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Martı́n et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Scambler et al. 2018
(monograph, new sp., typification, Europe).
Chrysella Syd. 1926, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C. mikaniae Syd.,
biotrophic on Asteraceae, terrestrial, Central America
(Costa Rica), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Chrysocelis Lagerh. & Dietel, in Mayor 1914, (= Stomatisora J.M. Yen 1971), Mikronegeriaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species C. lupini
Lagerh. & Dietel, biotrophic on Acanthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Zingiberaceae, terrestrial, Central America (Costa Rica), South America
(Colombia, Ecuador), India, Japan, Philippines, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Zuluaga et al. 2011 (Colombian Andean region,
Uredinales).
Chrysoconia McCabe & G.A. Escobar 1979, Coniophoraceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. orthospora McCabe
& G.A. Escobar, Réunion, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Chrysocyclus Syd. 1925 (= Holwayella H.S. Jacks. 1926),
Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species,
type species C. cestri (Dietel & Henn.) Syd., biotrophic on
Asteraceae, Solanaceae, terrestrial, Central and South
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Zuluaga et al. 2011 (Colombian Andean
region, Uredinales).
Chrysomphalina Clémençon 1982, Hygrophoraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species C. chrysophylla (Fr.) Clémençon,
saprotrophic, white rot, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph,
Hygrophoraceae), sequence data available, see Matheny
and Bougher 2006 (phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae).
Chrysomyxa Unger 1840 (= Barclayella Dietel
1890, = Coleosporium subgen. Melampsoropsis J. Schröt.,
in Cohn 1879, = Melampsoropsis (J. Schröt.) Sacc.
1888, = Melampsoropsis (J. Schröt.) Arthur 1906, = Stilbechrysomyxa M.M. Chen 1984, ? = Hiratsukaia Hara
1948), Coleosporiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 38
species, type species C. abietis (Wallr.) Unger, biotrophic
on Aquifoliaceae, Ericaceae, Pinaceae (alternate host),
terrestrial, worldwide, cause witches’ brooms and needle
and cone diseases mainly on Picea, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Kaitera et al.
2010 (phylogeny, Finland), Feau et al. 2011 (phylogeny,
DNA barcoding), new spp. see Cao et al. 2016 (China).
Chrysopsora Lagerh. 1891 [1892], Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C.
gynoxidis Lagerh. 1891 [1892] (current name: Psora
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
testacea Hoffm.), biotrophic on Asteraceae (Gynoxys),
terrestrial, Ecuador, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Chrysozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Chrysozymaceae, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. griseoflava (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, on plant,
Asia (China, Japan), sequence data available, see Wang
et al. 2015e (taxonomy).
Cibaomyces Zhu L. Yang, Y.J. Hao & J. Qin 2014,
Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species C. glutinis Zhu
L. Yang, Y.J. Hao & J. Qin, East Asia, Europe, sequence
data available, see Hao et al. 2014 (monograph), Moreau
et al. 2015b (Europe).
Cilicia Fr. 1825, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. aeruginosa Fr., Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cinereomyces Jülich 1982, Gelatoporiaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. lindbladii (Berk.) Jülich, basidiomas resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Miettinen and Rajchenberg
2012 (phylogeny), Miettinen 2012 (new combination,
morphology), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Cinereomycetella Zmitr. 2018, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, one
species, type species C. overholtsii (Pilát) Zmitr., resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white
rot, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Cintractia Cornu 1883, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, 13 species, type species C. axicola
(Berk.) Cornu, plant parasites (floral axis, ovaries) on
Cyperaceae (not Carex spp.), widespread in tropics and
subtropics, cultures available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Piepenbring et al.
1999, Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Cintractiella Boedijn 1937, Cintractiellaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species C.
lamii Boedijn, plant parasites (galls, witches’ brooms) on
Cyperaceae (genera Hypolytrum, Diplasia), South America, Indonesia, cultures unavailable, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Cionothrix Arthur 1907, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species C. praelonga
(G. Winter) Arthur, biotrophic on Asteraceae, terrestrial,
tropical Central and South America, Cuba, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, see
Berndt 2017 (new spp., morphology, emendation).
181
Circulocolumella S. Ito & S. Imai 1957, Hysterangiaceae,
Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. hahashimensis (S. Ito & S.
Imai) S. Ito & S. Imai, Bonin island, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Citripora Miettinen 2016, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. bannaensis Miettinen, basidioma resupinate
to piletate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (Uganda, China), sequence data unavailable,
see Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (taxonomy, China), Justo
et al. 2017 (taxonomy, Polyporales), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Clarkeinda Kuntze 1891, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species C. pedilia (Berk. & Broome) Kuntze, South Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Vellinga et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Li et al.
2016b (morphology, phylogeny).
Classicula R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Marvanová
2003, Classiculaceae, Classiculales, Classiculomycetes,
recommended for protection over Naiadella Marvanová &
Bandoni 1987 see Aime et al. 2018a, asexual morph
described as Naiadella fluitans, two species, type species
C. fluitans R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Marvanová,
(self)mycoparasitic, in aquatic habitats associated with leaf
litter, submerged plants, worldwide, see Aime et al. 2018b
(nomenclature), cultues and sequence data available, see
Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Aime et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see Qiao
et al. 2018 (China).
Clathrogaster Petri 1900, Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. vulvarius Petri, Borneo, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Clathrus P. Micheli ex L. 1753, Phallaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species C. ruber P. Micheli ex Pers., terrestrial,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Giachini et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a (phylogeny), new
spp. see Fazolino et al. 2010 (Brazil), Lécuru et al. 2013
(Caribbean), Pietras et al. 2016 (Poland).
Claustula K.M. Curtis 1926, Claustulaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. fischeri K.M. Curtis, terrestrial, New
Zealand, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Clavaria Vaill. ex L. 1753, Clavariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 32 species, type
species C. fragilis Holmsk., worldwide, saprobic, mycorrhizal, some species edible (C. vermicularis Sw.), see Dai
et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013
123
182
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Kautmanová
et al. 2012b (Europe, phylogeny), Birkebak et al.
2013, 2016 (Clavariaceae, phylogeny, new genus), Olariaga et al. 2015b (phylogeny), new spp., see Furtado et al.
2016 (Brazil, new records).
Clavariachaete Corner 1950, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species C. rubiginosa (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis ex Cooke) Corner, South America (tropical, Brazil
and Venezuela), basidioma coralloid (like-Ramaria),
sequence data unavailable, see Parmasto et al. 2010
(morphology), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Clavariadelphus Donk 1933, Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type species C. pistillaris (L.) Donk, widespread
(temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Durall et al. 2006, new spp.
see Hanif et al. 2014 (Himalaya, Pakistan).
Clavicorona Doty 1947, Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species C. taxophila (Thom) Doty, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Birkebak et al. 2013 (phylogeny).
Clavogaster Henn. 1896, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. novozelandicus Henn., New Zealand, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Clavomphalia E. Horak 1987, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. yunnanensis E. Horak, China, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Clavulicium Boidin 1957, incertae sedis, Cantharelllales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species C. macounii (Burd.) Parmasto (= C. pilatii
(Boidin) Boidin, see Martelli 2016), widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Sjökvist et al. 2014 (phylogenetic affinities), erroneously
attributed spp. see Singh et al. 2012 (India).
Clavulina J. Schröt. 1888, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 75 species,
type species C. cristata (Holmsk.) J. Schröt., some species
edible (C. cinerea (Bull.) J. Schröt.), see Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Smith et al. 2011
(ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity), new spp. see Henkel
et al. 2011 (Guiana Shield), Uehling et al. 2012a, b (Guiana
Shield), Felipe 2012 (Brazil), He et al. 2016 (southwestern
China), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (notes).
Clavulinopsis Overeem 1923, Clavariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 34 species, type
species C. sulcata Overeem, worldwide, terrestrial, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Olariaga and Salcedo
2013 (new combination), sequence data available, see
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Birkebak et al. 2013, 2016 (Clavariaceae, phylogeny, new
genus), new spp. see Hyde et al. 2016 (Brazil).
Cleistocybe Ammirati, A.D. Parker & Matheny 2007,
Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, five species, type species C. vernalis
Ammirati, A.D. Parker & Matheny, basidioma clitocyboid,
western North America, sequence data available, see
Ammirati et al. 2007 (monograph), new spp. see Wu et al.
2018b (China).
Cleptomyces Arthur 1918, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C. lagerheimianus (Dietel) Arthur 1918, biotrophic on Verbenaceae, terrestrial, South America, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Climacocystis Kotl. & Pouzar 1958, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
basidioma pileate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Song et al. 2014a (new
sp., phylogeny, China), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Climacodon P. Karst. 1881, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species C. septentrionalis (Fr.) P. Karst., basidioma
pileate, hymenophore hydnoid, wood-rotting, white rot,
some species tree pathogen, see Koski-Kotiranta and Niemelä 1987 (distribution, North Europe, C. septentrionalis),
widespread, some species edible, see Dai et al. 2010a, b
(edible mushrooms, China, C. septentrionalis), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Jia et al. 2015 (C. septentrionalis,
antioxidant activity, compounds), sequence data available,
see Yuan and Cao 2016 (hydnaceous fungi, China), Moreno et al. 2017b (phylogeny, type study), Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales).
Clinoconidium Pat. 1898, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, six species, type species C. farinosum Pat. ex Sacc., plant parasites (leaves, fruits) on
Lauraceae, Central and South America, East Asia, Canary
Islands, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2002, 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny), Jiang and Kirschner 2016 (taxonomy, phylogeny), Kakishima et al. 2017b, c (morphology, new
name).
Clintamra Cordas & Durán 1977, Clintamraceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species C.
nolinae (G.P. Clinton) Cordas & Durán, plant parasite
(leaves, flowers) on Nolina microcarpa (Asparagaceae),
Mexico, USA, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Clitocella Kluting, T.J. Baroni & Bergemann 2014,
Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, six species, type species C. popinalis (Fr.)
Kluting, T.J. Baroni & Bergemann, on soil or rotten wood,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Kluting 2013
(taxonomy), Vizzini et al. 2016d (new combination, phylogeny), dos Santos Silva-Filho et al. 2018 (new sp., new
combination, Brazil).
Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude 1857, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 300 species,
type species C. nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm., worldwide,
some species edible (C. robusta Peck), see Hall et al. 2003
(edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Walther et al. 2005 (conidiogenesis study),
Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode), Alvarado et al.
2015 (phylogeny), new spp. see Seok et al. 2009 (Korea,
doubtful generic assignment), Cooper 2014b (New Zealand), Musumeci and Contu 2014a (France), Specht 2014
(Germany), Specht et al. 2014 (Germany), Musumeci and
Contu 2015 (France), Lüderitz et al. 2016 (Germany).
Clitocybula (Singer) Singer ex Métrod 1952, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 25 species, type species C. lacerata (Scop.)
Métrod, worldwide, lignicolous, wood-rotting, see Barrasa
et al. 2006 (brown-rot, Spain), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Malysheva et al.
2011, Antonı́n et al. 2019 (new combination, phylogeny),
new spp. see Latha et al. 2015b (India, phylogeny), Dutta
et al. 2018 (India, phylogeny).
Clitolyophyllum E. Sesli, Vizzini & Contu 2016,
Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species C. akcaabatense
E. Sesli, Vizzini & Contu, Turkey, on the bark of Picea
orientalis, sequence data available, see Sesli et al. 2016
(taxonomy).
Clitopaxillus G. Moreno, Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado
2018, Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species C.
alexandri (Gillet) G. Moreno, Vizzini, Consiglio & P.
Alvarado, sequence data available, see Alvarado et al.
2018b (genus accepted, phylogeny).
Clitopilopsis Maire 1937, Entolomataceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two speceis,
type species C. hirneola (Fr.) Kühner, known only in the
northern hemisphere, saprobes, sequence data available,
see Kluting et al. 2014 (phylogeny, new combination).
Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. 1871, Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, c. 140 species, type species C. prunulus (Scop.)
P. Kumm., saprophytic, worldwide, some species edible
(C. prunulus (Scop.) P. Kumm.), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Horak 2008 (New Zealand, monograph),
183
Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), Noordeloos
and Gates 2012b (Tasmania, Australia, morphology,
monograph), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Co-David et al. 2009 (new combination,
phylogeny), Cooper 2014b (phylogeny), Kluting et al. 2014
(phylogeny), Morgado et al. 2016a (phylogeny, new sp.),
new spp. see Roux et al. 2010 (France), Vizzini et al. 2011e
(Switzerland), Crous et al. 2012 (Australia), Blanco-Dios
2013a (Spain), Deng et al. 2013a, b (China), Jatuwong
et al. 2017 (Thailand), Wang et al. 2017a (China), Raj and
Manimohan 2018 (India, taxonomy).
Coccidiodictyon Oberw. 1989, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C.
inconspicuum Oberw., Spain, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Coccobotrys Boud. & Pat. 1900, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Leucoagaricus Locq. ex
Singer 1948, two species, type species C. xylophilus (Fr.)
Boud. & Pat., Europe, Chile, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Colacogloea Oberw. & Bandoni 1991, Colacogloeaceaea,
incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, 13 species, type species C. peniophorae
Oberw. & Bandoni, yeast, gelatinous basidiocarps, mycoparasite, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy),
cultures and sequence data available, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Wang et al. 2015e (emendation, reclassification), Yurkov et al. 2016 (new spp.).
Colacosiphon R. Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw. 2001,
Cryptomycocolacaceae, Cryptomycocolacales, Cryptomycocolacomycetes, presumably anamorphic (the authors
indicated that the interpretation of the sporogenous cells is
ambiguous), one species, type species C. filiformis R.
Kirschner, R. Bauer & Oberw., mycoparasitic on ascomycetes, in barkbeetles in coniferous wood, Germany, see
Kirschner et al. 2001 (morphology), sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006
(phylogeny), Aime et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Coleopuccinia Pat. 1889 (= Coleoma Clem. 1909), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species C. sinensis Pat., biotrophic on Rosaceae, terrestrial,
China, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Cao et al. 2018 (not the synonym of
Gymnosporangium).
Coleopucciniella Hara ex Hirats. 1937 (= Coleopucciniella
Hara 1936), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes,
two species, type species C. simplex (Dietel) Hara ex
Hirats., biotrophic on Rosaceae, terrestrial, China, Japan,
see Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003 (synonym of Gymnosporangium), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Coleosporium Lév. 1847 (= Erannium Bonord.
1860, = Stichopsora Dietel 1899 [1900], = Synomyces
123
184
Arthur 1924), Coleosporiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 125 species, lectotype species C. campanulae
(F. Strauss) Tul., biotrophic on numerous hosts including
Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Orobanchaceae, Ranunculaceae, Pinaceae (alternate hosts), terrestrial, Asia, Central
America, North America South America, Europe, New
Zealand, see Baiswar et al. 2008 (C. plumeriae on
Plumeria alba, India), Holcomb and Aime 2010 (C.
plumeriae on Plumeria spp., Louisiana, Malaysia), Wang
et al. 2011 (rust disease, China, Vietnam), Su et al. 2012
(disease outbreak), Helfer 2013 (description of C. tussilaginis formae speciales, Europe), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Chappell 2010
(Coevolution, Ipomoea-Coleosporium), Dixon et al. 2010
(phylogeny, rust fungi on sugarcane), Chappell and
Rausher 2011 (genetics, C. ipomoeae), see Back et al. 2014
(C. asterum on Solidago virgaurea var. gigantea, Ulleungdo), Beenken et al. 2017 (phylogeny), new spp. see You
et al. 2010 (China).
Collybia (Fr.) Staude 1857, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species C. tuberosa (Bull.) P. Kumm., Australia, most
of the species transferred to Gymnopus and Rhodocollybia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Hughes et al. 2001 (phylogeny), Walther
et al. 2005 (conidiogenesis Agaricales), Antonı́n and
Noordeloos 2010 (Europe), Dentinger et al. 2011 (DNA
barcode).
Colospora Miettinen & Spirin 2015, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. andalasii Miettinen & Spirin,
basidioma corticioid, resupinate, hymenophore spiny,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Ariyawansa et al. 2015 (taxonomy, phylogeny,
Indonesia).
Coltricia Gray 1821, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 40 species, type species C. perennis (L.) Murrill, basidioma
stipitate, hymenophore poroid, ectomycorrhizal, soil and
wood-rotting, see Tedersoo et al. 2007 (ectomycorrhizas of
Coltricia, Seychelles), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
widespread, sequence data available, new spp. see Baltazar
et al. 2010 (Brazil), Dai 2010b, 2012b (China), Baltazar
and Silveira 2012 (India), Dai and Li 2012 (type study,
South East Asia), Decock 2013 (São Tomé), Zhou and
Tedersoo 2013 (Australia), Bian et al. 2016a (China), Bian
and Dai 2017 (China).
Coltriciella Murrill 1904, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species C. dependens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Murrill, basidioma resupinate to stipitate, soil and woodrotting, ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Dai et al. 2011, 2014a (China), Valenzuela et al. 2011
(Mexico), Dai 2012 (China), Bian and Dai 2017 (China).
Columnodontia Jülich 1979, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. resupinata Jülich, basidioma resupinate,
hymenophore hydnoid, wood-rotting, Southeast Asia,
Australasia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Colus Cavalier & Séchier 1835, Phallaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. hirudinosus Cavalier & Séchier, terrestrial,
saprobic, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Harrower et al. 2011
(phylogeny).
Conchomyces Overeem 1927, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. verrucisporus Overeem, Indonesia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
Confertextum Priyanka & Dhingra 2014, Stereaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species C. macrosporum Priyanka & Dhingra,
Australia, sequence data unavailable, see Dhingra 2014
(taxonomy).
Conferticium Hallenb. 1980, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species C. insidiosum (Bourdot & Galzin) Hallenb.,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vu et al. 2019 (DNA barcodes).
Conidiosporomyces Vánky 1992, Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, three species, type species C. ayresii
(Berk.) Vánky & R. Bauer, plant parasites (ovaries) on
genera Megathyrsus, Panicum and Setaria (Poaceae),
widespread in tropics and subtropics, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c,
Jiang and Kirschner 2016.
Coniferiporia L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai 2016, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species C. qilianensis
(L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, woodrotting, forest pathogen, sequence data available, see Zhou
et al. 2016d (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Coniodictyum Har. & Pat., 1909, Cryptobasidiaceae,
Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, plant parasite (leaves, branches, fruits) on Zyzyphus mucronatum
(Rhamnaceae), Southern Africa, cultures available,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2002, Maier
et al. 2006, Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Coniolepiota Vellinga 2011, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. spongodes (Berk. & Broome) Vellinga,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
agaricoid, south east Asia, terrestrial, saprotrophic,
sequence data available, see Vellinga et al. 2011 (genus
introduced), Hosen and Yang 2013 (Bangladesh, China).
Coniophora DC. 1815, Coniophoraceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species C. membranacea DC., saprobic, widespread, some
species pathogenic (brown-rot fungus C. puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst.), see Irbe et al. 2011 (pathogen), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Skrede et al. 2012 (cryptic species, genome), Rhoden et al.
2013 (ecology).
Coniophoropsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1986, Coniophoraceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species C. obscura Hjortstam
& Ryvarden, Argentina, Vietnam, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Zhao et al.
2018b (new spp., Vietnam, phylogeny).
Connopus R.H. Petersen 2010, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species C. acervatus K.W. Hughes, Mather &
R.H. Petersen, on wood, Europe, North America, basidioma collybioid or mycenoid, sequence data available, see
Hughes et al. 2010 (taxonomy).
Conocybe Fayod 1889, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 221 species, type
species C. tenera (Schaeff.) Fayod, saprotrophic, dung
fungi, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Amandeep et al. 2015a (India), sequence data available,
see Hallen et al. 2003 (phylogeny, toxicity), Hausknecht
et al. 2009 (monograph, morphology, Europe), Tóth et al.
2013 (phylogeny), Wang and Tzean 2015 (China, phylogeny), new spp. see Gubitz 2008 (Germany), Hausknecht
et al. 2009 (temperate Asia), Tkalcec et al. 2009 (Croatia),
Hausknecht and Krisai-Greilhuber 2010 (Austria), Hausknecht et al. 2011 (Norway), Watling et al. 2011 (Turkey),
Malysheva 2012, 2013, 2017a, b (Russia), Liu and Bau
2018 (China).
Conohypha Jülich 1975, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. albocremea (Höhn. & Litsch.) Jülich,
basidioma resupinate, wood-rotting, Europe, USA,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Contumyces Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys & Lutzoni
2002, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species C.
rosellus (M.M. Moser) Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys &
Lutzoni, Europe, sequence data available, see Lutzoni et al.
2002 (phylogeny), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004 (Europe).
Coprinellus P. Karst. 1879, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Hormographiella Guarro
& Gené, 70 species, type species C. deliquescens (Bull.) P.
Karst., saprobic, worldwide, ink caps, some species cause
185
white rot (C. disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange), can be
pathogenic for human (Hormographiella aspergillata
Guarro, Gené & De Vroey), or mycorrhizal (Yagame et al.
2013, phylogeny, symbiotic ability), see Uljé 2005 (morphology, monograph, Coprinus s. l.), Singh et al. 2009
(biochemical), Schafer 2010 (key to sections), Nagy et al.
2010b (phylogeny, evolution, Psathyrellaceae), Nagy et al.
2011 (phylogeny, evolution, Psathyrellaceae), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nagy
et al. 2012a, b (phylogeny, morphology, evolution, new
spp.), Örstadius et al. 2015 (phylogeny, Psathyrellaceae,
new sp.), new spp. see Házi et al. 2010 (Sweden), Gomes
and Wartchow 2014, 2018 (Brazil), Huang and Bau 2018
(China), Hussain et al. 2018b (Pakistan).
Coprinopsis P. Karst. 1881, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Rhacophyllus Berk. &
Broome 1871 (see Redhead et al. 2000), c. 150 species,
type species C. friesii (Quél.) P. Karst., sapbrobic, worldwide, ink caps, see Uljé 2005 (morphology, monograph,
Coprinus s. l.), Schafer 2010 (key to sections), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nagy
et al. 2010b, 2011 (phylogeny, evolution, Psathyrellaceae),
Stajich et al. 2010 (genome), Örstadius et al. 2015 (phylogeny, Psathyrellaceae, new sp.), new spp. see Fukiharu
et al. 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 (New Zealand, China, Japan),
Raut et al. 2011 (Canada), Nagy et al. 2013 (Hungary,
phylogeny), Desjardin and Perry 2016 (Republic of São
Tomé and Prı́ncipe), Crous et al. 2017a (Spain), Gierczyk
et al. 2017 (Poland), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (Croatia),
Crous et al. 2018b (Croatia), Hyde et al. 2019 (Libya).
Coprinus Pers. 1797, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 17 species, type
species C. comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers., saprobic, worldwide,
ink caps, some species edible (C. comatus (O.F. Müll.)
Pers.), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Ko
et al. 2001 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics,
phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), new spp. see Crous
et al. 2016a (Spain, phylogeny), Phookamsak et al. 2019
(Saudi Arabia, phylogeny).
Cora Fr. 1825, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 189 species, type
species C. pavonia (Sw.) Fr. see Lücking et al. 2013
(nomenclatural discussion), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), lichen-forming, Neotropic, Asia, see Lücking
et al. 2017 (new species, phylogeny, sequence data,
worldwide).
Coralloderma D.A. Reid 1965, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. acroleucum (Pat.) D.A. Reid, wood-rotting,
Asia, Australia, sequence data unavailable, see Welden
2010 (new combination, morphology, Neotropics), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
123
186
Corallofungus Kobayasi 1983, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. hatakeyamanus Kobayasi, Japan, in need of
modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Corella Vain. 1890, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. brasiliensis Vainio, lichen-forming, Neotropic,
see Lücking et al. 2013 (key for species), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Lücking
et al. 2017 (phylogeny).
Corbulopsora Cummins 1940, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species C. clemensiae
Cummins, biotrophic on Asteraceae, terrestrial, India, New
Guinea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Corditubera Henn. 1897, incertae sedis, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species C. staudtii Henn., Africa (tropical), see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Smith
and Schmull 2011 (tropical Asia, tropical truffles, review).
Cordochaete Sanyal, Samita, Dhingra & Avneet P. Singh
2013, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species C. cystidiata
S.K. Sanyal, Samita, Dhingra & Avneet P. Singh, corticioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, India, sequence data unavailable,
see Sanyal et al. 2013 (India, morphology).
Coriolopsis Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 19 species,
type species C. occidentalis (Klotzsch) Murrill, worldwide,
sequence data available, see Nogueira-Melo et al. 2012
(Brazil), Hattori and Sotome 2013 (new combinations), Cui
et al. 2019 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Corneriella Sánchez-Garcı́a 2014, Tricholomataceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species C. bambusarum (Desjardin &
Hemmes) Sánchez-Garcı́a, Hawaii, Malaysia, India,
sequence data available, see Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014
(monograph, phylogeny), new spp. see Raj et al. 2015
(India).
Corneroboletus N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. Yang 2012, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. indecorus (Massee)
N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, southeastern
Asian, sequence data available, see Zeng et al. 2012
(monograph), Included in Hemileccinum by Wu et al.
2016f.
Corneromyces Ginns 1976, incertae sedis, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. kinabalui Ginns, Sabah, saprobes, terrestrial, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Corneroporus T. Hatt. 2001, Bankeraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. subcitrinus (Corner) T. Hatt., Asia, on soil,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Coronicium J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1975, Pterulaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species C. gemmiferum (Bourdot & Galzin) J.
Erikss. & Ryvarden, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes).
Corticirama Pilát 1957, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. petrakii Pilát, saprobes, clavarioid, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Corticium Pers. 1794, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 25 species, type
species C. roseum Pers., wood-rotting, widespread, C. silviae is lichenicolous on Thamnolia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Diederich et al. 2018b (lichenicolous),
sequence data available, see Vu et al. 2019 (DNA
barcodes).
Corticomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López 1989, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph
Agaricomyces, one species, type species C. xenasmatoides
A.I. Romero & S.E. López, Argentina, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray 1821, Cortinariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 2250 species,
type species C. violaceus (L.) Gray, seven subgenera:
Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray, Dermocybe (Fr.) Trog, Leprocybe
MM Moser., Myxacium (Fr.) Trog, Phlegmacium (Fr.)
Trog, Sericeocybe Rob. Henry, Telamonia (Fr.) Wünsche,
ectomycorrhizal, terrestrial, worldwide, some species poisonous (C. gentilis (Fr.) Fr., C. orellanus Fr. and C.
speciosissimus Kühner & Romagn), see Michelot and
Tebbett 1990, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Ortega et al. 2008 (section: Calochroi,
Europe), Garnica et al. 2009 (section: Calochroi, phylogeny), Niskanen et al. 2009, 2011 (section: Brunnei,
section: Armillati, Europe), Suárez-Santiago et al. 2009
(section: Hydrocybe, Europe), Garnica et al. 2011 (section:
Calochroi, phylogeny), Harrower et al. 2011 (Canada),
Niskanen et al. 2013a (section: Bovini), Liimatainen et al.
2014 (subgenus: Phlegmacium), Stensrud et al. 2014
(North European), Cripps et al. 2015 (subgenus Phlegmacium, western North America), Harrower et al. 2015
(section: Cortinarius, phylogeny), new spp. see Gasparini
and Soop 2008 (Oceania), Niskanen et al. 2012, 2013a, b
(Europe, North America), Bojantchev 2013 (USA), Stefani
et al. 2014 (subgenus: Dermocybe, Australia), FernándezBrime et al. 2014 (subgenus: Phlegmacium, Europe),
Brandrud et al. 2015 (Norway), Liimatainen et al. 2015
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(section: Disjungendi, cryptic species), Dima et al. 2016
(northern Europe).
Costatisporus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. cyanescens T.W. Henkel & M.E.
Sm., sequestrate, Guyana, sequence data available, see
Smith et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Cotylidia P. Karst. 1881, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type species C. undulata (Fr.) P. Karst., basidioma
stipitate, confluent, hymenophore smooth, soil and woodrotting, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Sjökvist et al. 2012
(phylogeny).
Crassisporium Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini 2014,
Crassisporiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species C. funariophilum (M.M. Moser) Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Matheny et al.
2015 (taxonomy), Vizzini et al. 2019 (phylogeny and
taxonomy).
Craterellus Pers. 1825, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 80 species, type
species C. cornucopioides (L.) Pers., no infrageneric subdivision proposed, see Hembrom et al. 2017a, ectomycorrhizal, terrestrial, worldwide, commercially important
edible species, see Boa 2004, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Dahlman et al.
2000 (genus delimitation), Wilson et al. 2012a, Henkel
et al. 2014b (Guyana), new spp. see Kumari et al. 2012,
Olariaga et al. 2009 (typification Pseudocraterellus),
Buyck et al. 2010b (USA, new recombinations), Henkel
et al. 2014b (Guyana), Sá et al. 2014 (Brazil), Das et al.
2017c (India), Hembrom et al. 2017a (India, synonymy
Pterygellus).
Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude 1857, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 200 species,
type species C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, worldwide,
basidioma pileate, hymenophore lamellate, saprotrophic,
mostly wood-rotting, only some species on soil, one species biotrophic on fruitbodies of Craterellus lutescens (Fr.)
Fr., see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Petersen et al. 2010 (phylogeny), new spp.
see Bandala et al. 2008a, b (Mexico, Spain), Consiglio
et al. 2008 (monograph, Europe, new sp.), Hausknecht and
Krisai-Greilhuber 2009 (Austria, monograph, morphology), Capelari 2011 (Brazil), Kasuya and Kobayashi 2011
(Japan, type studies, morphology), Yang and Bau 2014
(China), Desjardin and Perry 2016 (São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Africa), Ge et al. 2017 (China), Guzmán-Dávalos
et al. 2017 (India, Thailand, phylogeny, morphology),
Horak 2018 (monograph, New Zealand, new sp.), Kumar
et al. 2018a, 2018b (India, phylogeny).
187
Cribbea A.H. Sm. & D.A. Reid 1962, Physalacriaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species C. gloriosa (D.A. Reid) A.H. Sm. &
D.A. Reid, worldwide, basidiomas sequestrate, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Lebel and Catcheside 2009 (phylogeny, Australia).
Crinipellis Pat. 1889, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 65 species, type
species C. stipitaria (Fr.) Pat., saprophytic and parasitic,
worldwide, see Takahashi 2011 (Japan), Antonı́n 2012
(tropical Africa, monograph), Bandala et al. 2012b (Mexico), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Kerekes and Desjardin 2009 (monograph,
Southeast Asia), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe),
Antonı́n et al. 2014b (Korea, phylogeny), new spp. see
Antonı́n and De Kesel 2012 (Benin), Antonı́n et al. 2015a
(Italy), Xia et al. 2015 (China), Crous et al. 2016b (India).
Cristinia Parmasto 1968, Stephanosporaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species C. helvetica (Pers.) Parmasto, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny, Agaricomycetidae),
Lebel et al. 2015 (biodiversity of Stephanospora).
Crocinoboletus N.K. Zeng, Zhu L. Yang & G. Wu 2014,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species C. rufoaureus (Massee)
N.K. Zeng, Zhu L. Yang & G. Wu, stipitate-pileate, Japan,
subtropical and tropical China, Singapore, Malaysia, possibly Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia, see
Zeng et al. 2014 (morphology study), sequence data
available, see Wu et al. 2014b (phylongeny).
Cronartium Fr. 1815, Cronartiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 34 species, type species C. asclepiadeum
(Willd.) Fr., biotrophic on Asclepiadaceae, Pinanceae (alternate host), causal agent of fusiform rust disease in pines,
see Zhang et al. 2010c (blister rust, China), Kaitera et al.
2012 (alternate host ranges), terrestrial, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Anderson et al. 2010 (Genome size, C. quercuum f. sp.
fusiforme), Samils et al. 2011 (new genetic markers,
Cronartium flaccidum, Peridermium pini), Liu and Hambleton 2013 (transcriptome analysis, Pinus monticola, host
resistance, C. ribicola).
Crossopsora Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 [1918], Phakopsoraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 16 species, type species C.
ziziphi (Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. Butler) Syd. & P. Syd., biotrophic on Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae,
Bixaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae,
Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in
tropics, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. 1844, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
123
188
species, type species C. vulgare Tul. & C. Tul., worldwide,
bird’s nests fungi, saprotrophic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see da Vu et al. 2019
(DNA barcodes).
Cruciger R. Kirschner & Oberw. 1999, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. lignatilis R. Kirschner & Oberw.,
Germany, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Crucispora E. Horak 1971, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, C.
naucorioides E. Horak, New Zealand, Asia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cruentomycena R.H. Petersen, Kovalenko & O.V. Morozova 2008, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species C.
viscidocruenta (Cleland) R.H. Petersen & Kovalenko,
Austrialia, Europe, America, on fallen twigs and associated
leaf fragments, basidioma mycenoid, sequence data available, see Petersen et al. 2008 (monograph), new spp. see
Takahashi et al. 2016 (Japan).
Crustoderma Parmasto 1968, Sparassidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species C. dryinum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Parmasto,
basidioma resupinate, hymenophore smooth, wood-rotting,
causal agent of brown rot [C. dryinum (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Parmasto], widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al.
2013 (phylogeny, antrodia clade), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Crustodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005, Meruliaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species C. chrysocreas (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, basidioma resupinate,
hymenophore smooth, tuberculate or odontioid, wood-rotting, widespread, sequence data available, see Binder et al.
2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Crustomyces Jülich 1978, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species C. subabruptus (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich,
basidioma resupinate, wood-rotting, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Rosenthal et al. 2017 (ecology, corticioid fungi in North
American pinaceous forests).
Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901 (=Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung
1976), Cryptococcaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes,
sexual and asexual morphs known, tewlve species, type
species C. neoformans (San Felice) Vuill., yeast, pathogenic to mammals, pathogen in humans, widespread, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Hagen et al. 2017
(nomenclature review), cultures and sequence data available, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Hagen et al.
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
2015 (taxonomy), Liu et al. 2015b (emendation, taxonomy
and phylogeny), Passer et al. 2019 (new species, genomic
analyses).
Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin 2014
(= Marasmius sect. Hygrometrici Kühner fide Jenkinson
et al. 2014), Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type species Marasmius hygrometricus (V. Brig.) Sacc. (current name Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Roum.) T.S. Jenkinson &
Desjardin), worldwide, sequence data available, see
Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe, as Marasmius
sect. Hygrometrici), Jenkinson et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Cryptomphalina R. Heim 1966, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species C. sulcata R. Heim, wood-rotting,
Thailand, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Cryptomycocolax Oberw. & R. Bauer 1990, Cryptomycocolacaceae,
Cryptomycocolacales,
Cryptomycocolacomycetes, yeast stage observed from budding meiospores,
one species, type species, C. abnormis Oberw. & R. Bauer,
mycoparasitic on ascomycetes, Costa Rica, sequence data
available, see Bauer et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Aime et al.
2014 (phylogeny).
Cryptoporus (Peck) Shear 1902, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species C. volvatus (Peck) Shear, basidioma
piletae, hymenophore poroid with volva-like structure,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (Asia and North
America), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Hibbett and Binder 2002 (phylogeny).
Cryptotrichosporon Okoli & Boekhout 2007, Tetragoniomycetaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, five species, type species C. anacardii
Okoli & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Liu et al. 2015a (taxonomy and phylogeny), Pontes
et al. 2017, Kaewwichian et al. 2018 (new spp.).
Cumminsiella Arthur 1933, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, eight species, type species C. sanguinea
(Peck) Arthur, biotrophic on Berberidaceae (Berberis,
Mahonia), terrestrial, North and South America (C.
mirabilissima introduced to other areas), Mahoni rust [C.
mirabilissima (Peck) Nannf.], see Ruske and Dörfelt 2010
(history of the Mahonia rust), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Van Der Merwe
et al. 2008 (phylogeny, Puccinia/Uromyces rust).
Cumminsina Petr. 1955, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C. clavispora Petr.,
biotrophic on Tiliaceae (Grewia), terrestrial, Angola,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Cunninghammyces Stalpers 1985, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species C. umbonatus (G. Cunn.) Stalpers, New
Zealand, Réunion, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cuphophyllus (Donk) Bon 1985, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 25
species, type species C. pratensis (Fr.) Bon, four sections:
section Fornicati, section Adonidum, section Cuphophyllus, section Virginei, Waxcaps, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Dentinger et al. 2011 (DNA barcode), Osmundson et al. 2013
(DNA barcode), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph,
Hygrophoraceae), new spp. see Crous et al. 2017b (Ecuador, South America).
Cupreoboletus Simonini, Gelardi & Vizzini 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. poikilochromus
(Pöder, Cetto & Zuccherelli) Simonini, Gelardi & Vizzini,
in warm regions bordering the Mediterranean basin, associated with members of Fagaceae (Quercus), sequence data
available, see Gelardi et al. 2015a (taxonomy).
Curvibasidium Samp. & Golubev 2004, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs unknown, three species, type species C. cygneicollum J.P. Samp., yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Sampaio et al. 2004 (description), Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Wang et al.
2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny), new spp. see Bourret
et al. 2012 (on wine grapes, Washington state).
Cutaneotrichosporon X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species C. cutaneum (Beurm., Gougerot & Vaucher bis)
X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, on
wood, human skin, worldwide, cultures and sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny),
Takashima et al. 2018 (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Cyanoboletus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species C. pulverulentus
(Opat.) Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, Asia, North America, some species edible (C. pulverulentus edible), see Bessette et al.
2017, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2016e (phylogeny, new combination and new spp., Asia), new spp. see
Li et al. 2016b (Asia).
Cyanodontia Hjortstam 1987, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. spathulata Hjortstam, resupinate basidioma, hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, East Africa
(Tanzania), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
189
Cyanosporus McGinty 1909, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. caesius (Schrad.) McGinty, wood-rotting,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Cystidiopostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species C. hibernica (Berk. &
Broome) B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai, Europe, China,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Shen et al. 2019
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Cyanotrama Ghobad-Nejhad & Y.C. Dai 2010, incertae
sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. rimosa GhobadNejhad & Y.C. Dai, growth on conifers, especially Juniperus, sequence data available, new spp. see GhobadNejhad and Dai 2010 (Asia).
Cyathus Haller 1768, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 59 species, type
species C. striatus (Huds.) Willd., worldwide, saprotrophic,
terrestrial, wood-rotting, bird’s nest fungi, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Zhao
et al. 2007 (phylogeny), new spp. see Trierveiler-Pereira
et al. 2009 (Brazil), da Cruz and Baseia 2014 (Brazil),
Poinar 2014 (fossil), Das et al. 2015b (India), Martin et al.
2015 (Cape Verde Archipelago), Crous et al. 2016b
(Spain), Hyde et al. 2016 (Thailand), Sharma 2016 (India),
da Silva et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Crous et al. 2017a, b
(Brazil), Góis et al. 2018 (Costa Rica).
Cyclocybe Velen. 1939, Tubariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species C. erebia (Fr.) Vizzini & Matheny, worldwide,
sequence data available, see Vizzini et al. 2014a (new
combination).
Cylindrobasidium Jülich 1974, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species C. evolvens (Fr.) Jülich, worldwide,
wood decaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence available, see Floudas et al. 2015 (genome), new
spp. see Dhingra 2014 (Himalaya).
Cylindrosporus L.W. Zhou 2015, Hymenochaetaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. flavidus L.W. Zhou,
basidioma pilete-sessile, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot, sequence data available, see Zhou 2015b
(gen. et comb. nov., segregated from Onnia).
Cymatella Pat. 1899, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species C. minima Pat., Antilles, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cymatellopsis Parmasto 1985, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
123
190
type species C. ilmiana Parmasto, East Africa, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cymatoderma Jungh. 1840, Panaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species C. elegans Jungh., basidioma stipitate,
hymenophore venous, wood-rotting, widespread (pantropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Sjökvist et al. 2012 (phylogeny, stipitate
stereoid fungi), Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny, polypores), genus in need of revision.
Cynema Maas Geest. & E. Horak 1995, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species C. alutacea Maas Geest. & E. Horak,
Papua New Guinea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cyphella Fr. 1822, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. digitalis (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2005 (phylogeny).
Cyphellocalathus Agerer 1981, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. cecropiae (Singer) Agerer, Bolivia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Cyphellostereum D.A. Reid 1965, Hygrophoraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine
species, type species C. pusiolum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
D.A. Reid [current name: Cotylidia pusiola (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) A.L. Welden], lichenized, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Dal-Forno 2015 (basidiolichen), new spp. see Ryvarden
2010 (America), Yánez et al. 2012 (Galapagos), Lücking
et al. 2013, Lücking and Timdal 2016 (new combination,
tropical Africa, Indian Ocean), Dal Forno et al. 2017
(Galapagos).
Cyphobasidium Millanes, Diederich & Wedin 2016, incertae sedis, Erythrobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species C.
hypogymniicola (Diederich & Ahti) Millanes, Diederich &
Wedin, lichenicolous (growing on Hypogymnia and Usnea), gall-inducing, sequence data available, see Millanes
et al. 2016 (new genus, Cystobasidiomycetes).
Cyptotrama Singer 1960, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species C. macrobasidia Singer, four sections, sect. Cyptotrama, sect. Depauperata, sect. Xerulina and sect. Aporpotrama, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Qin and Yang 2016 (monograph, Asia), new spp. see Moreau et al. 2015b (Spain).
Cyrenella Goch. 1981, incertae sedis, Erythrobasidiales,
Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph unknown, dikaryotic
with teliospores, one species, type species C. elegans
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Goch., aquatic, on submerged fungus, yeast, USA, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures and sequence data available, see Wang
et al. 2015d, e (phylogenetic classification of yeasts,
Pucciniomycotina).
Cystidiodontia Hjortstam 1983, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species C. artocreas (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex
Cooke) Hjortstam, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data availale, see Larsson 2007b
(phylogeny, corticioid fungi).
Cystoagaricus Singer 1947, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species C. strobilomyces (Murrill) Singer, subtropical
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Örstadius et al. 2015 (phylogeny, new
combination).
Cystobasidiopsis R. Bauer, B. Metzler, Begerow & Oberw.
2009, Chionosphaeraceae, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, three species, type species C. nirenbergiae R. Bauer, B. Metzler,
Begerow & Oberw., plant material, soil, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Bauer et al. 2009
(integrative taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015d, e (emended,
phylogeny).
Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff 1924, Cystobasidiaceae,
Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, c. 20 species, type species C. lasioboli
(Lagerh.) Neuhoff [current name: C. fimetarium (Schumach.) P. Roberts], yeast, lichenicolous, worldwide, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures and sequence data available, see Sampaio and Oberwinkler 2011 (taxonomy), new spp. see
Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy and phylogeny), Yurkov
et al. 2015 (emendation, taxonomy, phylogeny, new spp.),
Tsuji et al. 2017 (East Ongul Island, East Antarctica),
Chang et al. 2018 (China), Turchetti et al. 2018 (Arctic
region), Fotedar et al. 2019b (Arabian Gulf).
Cystoderma Fayod 1889, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 36 species,
type species C. amianthinum (Scop.) Fayod, worldwide,
saprotrophic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Saar et al. 2009 (phylogeny),
Saar 2012 (monograph), new spp. see Blanco-Dios 2014a
(Spain).
Cystodermella Harmaja 2002, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species C. granulosa (Batsch) Harmaja, worldwide,
saprotrophic, basidioma collybioid, sequence data available, see Saar et al. 2009, 2012, 2016 (phylogeny, taxonomy, type study).
Cystofilobasidium Oberw. & Bandoni 1983, Cystofilobasidiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
and asexual morphs known, eight species, type species C.
bisporidii (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni, yeast, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al.
2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny), Pontes et al. 2016 (new
spp., Mediterranean forest).
Cystogloea P. Roberts 2006, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species C. oelandica P. Roberts, Sweden, basidioma
auricularioid, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2008.
Cystogomphus Singer 1942, Gomphidiaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. humblotii Singer, France (introduced),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Cystolepiota Singer 1952(= Pulverolepiota Bon 1993),
Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, c. twelve species, type species C. constricta
Singer, three sections: sect. Cystolepiota Singer, sect. Pulverolepiota (M. Bon) Vellinga, sect. Pseudoamyloideae
Singer and Clémençon, worldwide, saprotrophic, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore
ultrastructure), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode),
new spp. see Kumar and Manimohan 2009b (India),
Paraı́so et al. 2016 (Europe), Xu et al. 2016b (China).
Cystomyces Syd. 1926, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species C. costaricensis
Syd., biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, Costa Rica,
sequence data unavailable, see Cannon 2009 (description),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Cystopsora E.J. Butler 1910, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species,
type species C. oleae E.J. Butler [current name:
Zaghouania oleae (E.J. Butler) Cummins], India, Indonesia, biotrophic on Antidesma, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see McTaggart et al.
2016a (evolution, host jumps, rust fungi diversity,
Pucciniales).
Cystostereum Pouzar 1959, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species C. murrayi (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pouzar,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson 2007b (phylogeny, corticioid
fungi).
Cytidia Quél. 1888, Vuilleminiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species C. salicina (Fr.) Burt, wood-rotting, widespread
(North Temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010
(phylogeny).
191
Cytidiella Pouzar 1954, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species C. albomellea (Bondartsev) Parmasto, resupinate,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Cyttarophyllopsis R. Heim 1968, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species C. cordispora R. Heim, India, basidioma
gasteroid, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Dacrymyces Nees 1816, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type species D. stillatus Nees, wood-rotting,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Shirouzu et al. 2007, new spp.
see Shirouzu et al. 2009, 2013b (Japan, New Zealand).
Dacryobolus Fr. 1849, Dacryobolaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unkonwn, seven species,
type species D. sudans (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., basidioma
membranaceous to coriaceous, hymenophore smooth,
odontioid or tuberculate, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data avaiable, see Binder et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Larsson
2007a (phylogeny, corticioid fungi), Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see Yuan et al. 2016a
(phylogeny, China).
Dacryonaema
Nannf.
1947,
Dacrymycetaceae,
Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species D. rufum (Fr.) Nannf., wooddecaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Dacryopinax G.W. Martin 1948, Dacrymycetaceae,
Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown,
24 species, type species D. elegans (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
G.W. Martin, wood-decaying, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Floudas et al. 2012 (genome), new spp. see Shirouzu et.al. 2009
(Japan), McLaughlin et al. 2016 (Costa Rica).
Dacryoscyphus R. Kirschner & Zhu L. Yang 2005,
Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, one
species, type species D. chrysochilus R. Kirschner & Zhu
L. Yang, wood-decaying, China, sequence data available,
see Kirschner and Yang 2005 (taxonomy).
Dactylosporina (Clémençon) Dörfelt 1985, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species D. steffenii (Rick)
Dörfelt, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Qin et al. 2014a (phylogeny),
new spp. see Ushijima et al. 2015 (Japan).
Daedalea Pers. 1801, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve species,
type species D. quercina (L.) Pers., basidioma pileate,
hymenophore poroid to daedaleoid, wood-rotting, brown
123
192
rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), Nagy et al. 2015 (genome, D. quercina), new
spp. see Lindner et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Belize), Drechsler-Santos et al. 2012a (morphology, Brazil), Li and Cui
2013a (phylogeny, China), Han et al. 2015, 2016a (phylogeny, North and Central America, China).
Daedaleopsis J. Schröt. 1888, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species D. confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt., basidioma
pileate, hymenophore poroid to lamellate, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread (Northern Hemisphere), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Zmitrovich and Malysheva 2013 (new combination, phylogeny), Koukol et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Li et al. 2016c
(new sp., phylogeny, tropical China).
Dasturella Mundk. & Khesw. 1943, Phakopsoraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species
D. divina (Syd.) Mundk. & Khesw. [current name:
Kweilingia divina (Syd.) Buriticá], biotrophic on Poaceae,
Rubiaceae (alternate host), Sapindaceae, terrestrial, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Mishra et al. 2015
(species on bamboo, India), sequence data available, see
Wingßeld et al. 2004 (phylogeny).
Dasyspora Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1854 [1853] (= Sartvellia
Berk. 1857, nom. illeg.), Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 13 species, type species D. foveolata
Berk. & M.A. Curtis [current name: D. gregaria (Kunze)
Henn.], asexual morph aecidium-like, biotrophic on
Annonaceae, terrestrial, Central America, northern South
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Beenken et al. 2012 (monograph, new
spp.), Beenken and Wood 2015 (description, key, morphology, phylogeny).
Datronia Donk 1966, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species, type
species D. mollis (Sommerf.) Donk, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Li et al.
2014b (phylogeny), new spp. see Ryvarden 2014 (morphology, tropical America), Kaur et al. 2015b (morphology, India), new combinations see Hattori and Sotome
2013 (morphology, type study, Malaysia), Ryvarden 2015d
(morphology, Neotropics).
Datroniella B.K. Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai 2014, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species D. scutellata (Schwein.)
B.K. Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Li et al. 2014b (taxonomy, new combination,
phylogeny, China), de Lira et al. 2016 (new sp., phylogeny,
Brazil).
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Decapitatus Redhead & Seifert 2000, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Mycena (Pers.)
Roussel 1806, one species, type species D. flavidus
(Cooke) Redhead & Seifert, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Deconica (W.G. Sm.) P. Karst. 1879, Strophariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 44
species, type species D. montana (Pers. : Fr.) P.D. Orton,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Noordeloos 2009
(new combinations), Noordeloos 2011 (Europe, monograph), Guzmán et al. 2012 (Thailand, new combination),
Ramı́rez-Cruz et al. 2012, 2013a, b (new combinations,
type studies, new combinations, phylogeny), da Silva et al.
2013b, 2014, 2016 (Brazil, new combination, taxonomy,
culthure studies), Matheny et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Deflexula Corner 1950, Pterulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. eleven species,
type species D. fascicularis (Bres. & Pat.) Corner, worldwide, sequence data available, see Munkacsi et al. 2004
(coevolution, coral mushrooms), Dentinger et al. 2009 (antfungus mutualism).
Deigloria Agerer 1980, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species D. pulchella Agerer, neotropics, cupulate basidiomas, on fern or stems of herbs, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Delentaria Corner 1970, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species D. decurva Corner, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Delicatula Fayod 1889, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. three species, type
species D. integrella (Pers.) Fayod, temperate, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Antonı́n 2003 (revision of
species described by J. Velenovský; 42 species), Antonı́n
and Noordeloos 2004 (Europe), sequence data available,
see Saar et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Kim et al. 2015 (Korea).
Dendrocollybia R.H. Petersen & Redhead 2001, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Tilachlidiopsis Keissl. 1924, one species, type species D. racemosa (Pers.) R.H. Petersen & Redhead, Australia,
mycosaprobic, sequence data available, see Hughes et al.
2001, Machnicki et al. 2006 (growth on Russula crassotunicata Singer), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe).
Dendrocorticium M.J. Larsen & Gilb. 1974, Punctulariaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, nine species, type species D. polygonioides (P.
Karst.) M.J. Larsen & Gilb., wood-rotting, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010, Ghobad-Nejhad and
Duhem 2014 (phylogeny).
Dendrogloeon Spirin & Miettinen 2015, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
one species, type species D. helenae Spirin, Ryvarden &
Miettinen, sequence data available, see Spirin et al. 2015a
(St. Helena).
Dendrominia Ghobad-Nejhad & Duhem 2013, Dendrominiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species D. maculata (H.S.
Jacks. & P.A. Lemke) Ghobad-Nejhad & Duhem, woodrotting, North America and Europe, sequence data available, new spp. see Ghobad-Nejhad and Duhem 2014
(France), Nakasone (North American), Ariyawansa et al.
2015 (phylogeny).
Dendrophlebia Dhingra & Priyanka 2011, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unkonwn,
one species, type species D. crassispora Dhingra &
Priyanka, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, India,
sequence data unavailable, see Dhingra and Priyanka 2011
(new genus, new sp., morphology).
Dendrophora (Parmasto) Chamuris 1987, Peniophoraceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species D. versiformis (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Chamuris, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hestmark et al.
2011 (evolutionary radiation).
Dendrosporomyces Nawawi, J. Webster & R.A. Davey
1977, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one
species, type species D. prolifer Nawawi, J. Webster &
R.A. Davey, Malaysia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Dendrothele Höhn. & Litsch. 1907, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 58 species, type species D. papillosa Höhn. & Litsch., woodrotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, new spp. see Hjortstam et al. 2009
(Australia), Nakasone 2009 (North America), Pouzar and
Kotlaba 2010 (Czech), Gorjón et al. 2011a (Argentina),
Nakasone and Burdsall 2011 (New Zealand), Rodrigues
and Guerrero 2013 (Brazil).
Dennisiomyces Singer 1955, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species D. glabrescentipes Singer, South
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014
(phylogeny).
Dentipellicula Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou 2013, Hericiaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species D. taiwaniana (Sheng H. Wu)
Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou, South Africa, China, sequence data
available, see Zhou and Dai 2013a (wood-rotting hydnoid
species in Russulales), new spp. see Chen et al. 2015b
(China).
Dentipellis Donk 1962, Hericiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species, type
193
species D. fragilis (Pers.) Donk, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Zhou
and Dai 2013a (wood-inhabiting hydnoid species in Russulales), new spp. see Shen and Wang 2017 (China).
Dentipellopsis Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou 2013, incertae sedis,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species D. dacrydicola Y.C. Dai & L.W.
Zhou, sequence data available, see Zhou and Dai 2013a
(wood-inhabiting hydnoid species in Russulales).
Dentiporus Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species D. albidoides (A. David & Dequatre) Audet,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Audet 2017a
(new genus).
Dentipratulum Domański 1965, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species D. bialoviesense Domański, Europe,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny, russuloid basidiomycetes), new spp. see Karasiński and Pia˛tek
2017 (morphology).
Dentocorticium (Parmasto) M.J. Larsen & Gilb. 1974,
Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species D. ussuricum
(Parmasto) M.J. Larsen & Gilb., varied hymenophore
surface (odontoid, tuberculate, spinose, poroid, daedaleoid), wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al.
2002 (phylogeny), Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny,
Phanerochaete), Liu et al. 2018a (new combinations,
phylogeny, type study).
Dermatosorus Sawada ex L. Ling 1949, Anthracoideaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, six species, type species
D. eleocharidis Sawada ex L. Ling, plant parasites (ovaries) on Cyperaceae, Africa, South America, East Asia,
South Asia, Australia, cultures unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Wang
et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Dermoloma J.E. Lange ex Herink 1958, Tricholomataceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
25 species, type species D. cuneifolium (Fr.) Singer,
worldwide, saprotophic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Kropp 2008 (phylogeny, Belize), Sánchez-Garcı́a and Matheny 2017 (evolution, phylogeny), new spp. see Contu et al. 2008 (Italy,
monograph, morphology), Raj et al. 2014b (India).
Derxomyces F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008, Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, 24 species, type species D. mrakii (Hamam. &
Nakase) F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang, yeast, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang and Bai 2008,
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
123
194
Desarmillaria (Herink) R. A. Koch & Aime 2017,
Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unkown, two species, type species D. tabescens
(Scop.) R.A. Koch & Aime, saprotrophic to parasitic,
known only from the northern hemisphere, sequence data
available, see Koch et al. 2017 (evolution, taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Descolea Singer 1952 (= Descomyces Bougher & Castellano 1993; = Timgrovea G. Cunn.), Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15
species, type species D. antarctica Singer, worldwide,
ectomycorrhizal, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Matheny and Bougher 2006
(phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), Tóth et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
Bolbitiaceae), Kuhar et al. 2017 (phylogeny, sequestrate
taxa), new spp. see Khan et al. 2017 (Pakistan).
Desmella Syd. & P. Syd. (1919) [1918], incertae sedis,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species D.
aneimiae Syd. & P. Syd., biotrophic on Nephrolepidaceae,
Polypodiaceae, Schizaeaceae, terrestrial, Australia, Brazil,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see McTaggart et al. 2014 (first record of fern
rust in Australia, phylogeny).
Desmellopsis J.M. Yen 1969, incertae sedis, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species D. aframomicola J.M. Yen, biotrophic on Zingiberaceae (Aframomum),
terrestrial, Africa (Gabon), see Cummins and Hiratsuka
2003 (treated as a synonym of Puccinia), sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Desmosorus Ritschel, Oberw. & Berndt 2005, incertae
sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species D. oncidii Ritschel, Oberw. & Berndt, biotrophic
on Orchidaceae, terrestrial, Central and South America,
Europe (introduced), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Destuntzia Fogel & Trappe 1985, Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species D. rubra (Harkn.) Fogel & Trappe, N.
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available.
Deviodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2009,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, one species, type species D.
pilaecystidiata (S. Lundell) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, woodrotting, sequence data unavailable, see Hjortstam et al.
2009 (taxonomy).
Dextrinocystidium Sheng H. Wu 1996, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species D. sacratum (G. Cunn.) Sheng H. Wu,
New Zealand, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
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Dextrinocystis Gilb. & M. Blackw. 1988, Hydnodontaceae,
Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species D. capitata (D.P. Rogers &
Boquiren) Gilb. & M. Blackw., wood-decaying, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Dextrinodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species D. molliuscula Hjortstam & Ryvarden, wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Dextrinoporus H.S. Yuan 2018, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species D. aquaticus H.S. Yuan, tyromycetoid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, see Yuan and Qin 2018
(taxonomy).
Diabole Arthur 1922, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species D. cubensis (Arthur &
J.R. Johnst.) Arthur, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial,
Central America (Cuba, Brazil, El Salvador, Mexico), used
as biological control agent [D. cubensis (Arthur & J.R.
Johnst.) Arthur], see Burrows et al. 2012 (classical biological control agent, Australia), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data unavailable.
Diabolidium Berndt 1995, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species D. calliandrae
Berndt, biotrophic on Fabaceae (Calliandra), terrestrial,
South America (Venezuela), sequence data unavailable,
see Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003 (treated as a synonym of
Allotelium), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Diacanthodes Singer 1945, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Bornetina L. Mangin &
Viala 1903, three species, type species D. philippinensis
(Pat.) Singer [current name: D. novoguineensis (Henn.) O.
Fidalgo], poroid hymenophore, terrestrial, widespread
(pantropical), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Diaphanopellis P.E. Crane 2005, Coleosporiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species D.
forrestii P.E. Crane, biotrophic on Ericaceae (Rhododendron), terrestrial, China, India, Nepal, sequence data
available, see Cao et al. 2017b (new spp., phylogeny).
Dicellomyces L.S. Olive 1945, Brachybasidiaceae,
Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, four species, type species D. gloeosporus L.S. Olive, plant parasites (leaves) on
Cyperaceae and Poaceae, India, Namibia, cultures
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2002, Wang
et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Dichantharellus Corner 1966, incertae sedis, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species D. malayanus Corner, Malaysia, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Dicheirinia Arthur 1907, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 14 species, type species D. binata (Berk.)
Arthur, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, Central and
South America, Canary Islands, Madeira, Mauritius, New
Caledonia, see de Carvalho and Hennen 2008, Beenken
and Berndt 2010 (new species, new combination),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Dichochaete Parmasto 2001, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species D. setosa (Sw.) Parmasto, woodrotting, widespread, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Dichomitus D.A. Reid 1965, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species D. squalens (P. Karst.) D.A. Reid, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence
data available, see Li and Cui 2013b (phylogeny), Floudas
et al. 2012 (genome, D. squalens), new spp. see Ainsworth
and Ryvarden 2008 (morphology, Europe), Læssøe and
Ryvarden 2010a (morphology, Ecuador), Gomes-Silva
et al. 2012b (morphology, Brazil), Ryvarden 2012d (morphology, Costa Rica), Li and Cui 2013c (morphology,
China), Yuan 2013b (morphology, China, monograph).
Dichopleuropus D.A. Reid 1965, incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species D. spathulatus D.A. Reid, Malaysia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Dichostereum Pilát 1926, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph, eleven species, type species D. durum (Bourdot & Galzin) Pilát, worldwide,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Dictyocephalos Underw. ex V.S. White 1901, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species D. attenuatus (Peck) Long & Plunkett, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Martin et al. 2000
(phylogeny).
Dictyonema C. Agardh ex Kunth 1822, Hygrophoraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 28
species, type species D. excentricum C. Agardh [current
name D. thelephora (Spreng.) Zahlbr.], worldwide, lichenized, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Lawrey et al. 2009 (phylogeny), DalForno et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Lücking et al. 2013, 2016
(key, classification), new spp. see Schmull et al. 2014
(Ecuadorian Amazon region).
Dictyotremella Kobayasi 1971, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species D. novoguineensis Kobayasi, wood-decaying,
195
Oceania, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data unavailable
Didymopsora Dietel 1899, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species D. solani-argentei (Henn.) Dietel, biotrophic on Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Solanaceae, Tiliaceae, terrestrial, South
America, Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Didymopsorella Thirum. 1950 (= Gymnopuccinia K.
Ramakr. 1951), Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species D. toddaliae (Petch)
Thirum., biotrophic on Rutaceae (Toddalia), terrestrial,
Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Dietelia Henn. 1897 (= Endophylloides Whetzel & Olive
1917; = Jacksonia J.C. Lindq. 1970; = Jacksoniella J.C.
Lindq.
1972; = Jacksoniella
Kamat
&
Sathe
1972; = Thirumalachariella Sathe 1975 [1974]), Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 13 species, type
species D. verruciformis (Henn.) Henn., biotrophic on
Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae,
terrestrial, south and central America, Africa (South Africa,
Uganda), see Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003 (D. codiaei
introduced to Europe), see Berndt and Wood 2012 (new
combination), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Aime 2006 (phylogeny), Van der
Merwe et al. 2007 (phylogeny).
Digitatispora Doguet 1962, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species D. marina Doguet, marine fungi, Europe, North
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Rämä et al. 2014 (marine fungi, Norway, morphology).
Dimennazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Naemateliaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type species D. cisti-albidi (Á. Fonseca, J. Inácio & Spenc.-Mart.)
A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout, yeast, plant material, Europe, cultures and
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy
and phylogeny).
Diorchidiella J.C. Lindq. 1957, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species D.
australis (Speg.) J.C. Lindq., biotrophic on Fabaceae (Mimosa), terrestrial, South America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Diorchidium Kalchbr. 1882 (= Diphragmium Boedijn
(1960) [1959]), Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 20 species, type species D. woodii Kalchbr. &
Cooke, biotrophic on Annonaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae,
Rubiaceae, terrestrial, Africa, South America, Sri Lanka,
Pakistan, China, Japan, Indonesia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Beenken
123
196
and Wood 2015 (phylogeny, new genera on Annonaceae,
Pucciniales).
Dioszegia Zsolt 1957, Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, 18 species, type
species D. hungarica Zsolt, yeast, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny),
Yurkov et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Trochine et al. 2017 (new
spp.).
Diplocystis Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868, Diplocystidiaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species D. wrightii Berk. & M.A. Curtis,
West Indies, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Phosri et al. 2014 (Thailand,
phylogeny).
Diplomitoporus Domański 1970, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 25
species, type species D. flavescens (Bres.) Domański,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Miettinen and Larsson 2011 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich and
Malysheva 2013 (phylogeny), new spp. see Hjortstam and
Ryvarden 2009a (morphology, Seychelles), Ryvarden and
Iturriaga 2011 (morphology, Venezuela), Baltazar et al.
2014a (morphology, Brazil), Ryvarden 2018b (morphology, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe), new combinations see Ryvarden 2012c, 2015c (morphology, type
study, Tanzania).
Dipyxis Cummins & J.W. Baxter 1967, Uropyxidaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species D.
mexicana Cummins & J.W. Baxter, biotrophic on
Bignoniaceae, terrestrial, Central and South America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Dirkmeia F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Begerow & Boekhout
2015, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes,
one species, type species D. churashimaensis (T. Morita,
Y. Ogura, M. Takash., N. Hirose, Fukuoka, Imura, Y.
Kondo & Kitamoto) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Begerow &
Boekhout, known only from saprobic yeast morph, plant
material, Japan, cultures available, sequence data available,
see Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Disciseda Czern. 1845, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species D. collabescens Czern., worldwide, basidioma
gasteroid, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), see da
Silva and Baseia 2014 (morphology, Brazil), sequence data
available, see Larsson and Jeppson 2008 (phylogeny, north
Europe), Bates et al. 2009 (phylogeny, key).
Disporotrichum Stalpers 1984, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, one species, type species D. dimorphosporum (Arx) Stalpers, Netherlands, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Ditangium P. Karst. 1867, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, three species,
type species D. insigne P. Karst., North and South America, Russia, Europe, saprobic, on rotten wood, sequence
data available, see Malysheva et al. 2019 (taxonomy,
phylogeny, genus accepted against Craterocolla).
Ditiola Fr. 1822, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales,
Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten species,
type species D. radicata (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., woodrotting, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Shirouzu et al. 2013a (phylogeny,
Dacrymycetes).
Doassansia Cornu 1883, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, twelve species, plant parasites (leaves,
stems, petioles) of dicots and monocots, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015c
(phylogeny).
Doassansiopsis (Setch.) Dietel 1897, Doassansiopsidaceae,
Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, 14 species, plant parasites (leaves, ovaries, petioles, stems) on Alismataceae,
Limnocharitaceae, Menianthaceae, Nymphaceae, Potamogetonaceae, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Doassinga Vánky, R. Bauer & Begerow 1998, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species,
type species D. callitrichis (Liro) Vánky, R. Bauer &
Begerow, plant parasitic on Callitriche spp. (Callitrichaceae), Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Donkia Pilát 1937, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species D. pulcherrima (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pilát,
hydnoid
hymenophore,
wood-rotting,
widespread,
sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), Moreno et al. 2017b (phylogeny, type study),
Papp et al. 2017a (phylogeny, Central Europe), Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy).
Donkioporia Kotl. & Pouzar 1973, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species D. expansa (Desm.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread
(North America and Europe), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data
available, see Vlasák et al. 2010 (new combination, phylogeny, Central Europe), Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011
(phylogeny).
Donkioporiella L.W. Zhou 2016, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species D. mellea L.W. Zhou, wood-rotting,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
China, sequence data available, see Qin et al. 2016 (taxonomy, China).
Drepanoconis J. Schröt. & Henn. 1896, Cryptobasidiaceae,
Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, three species, type
species D. brasiliensis J. Schröt. & Henn., species plant
parasitic (leaves, fruits) on Lauraceae, Central and South
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2002, 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Ductifera Lloyd 1917, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. eleven species, type species D. millei Lloyd, widespread, sequence
data available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001 (phylogeny, Auriculariales).
Duportella Pat. 1915, Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species D. velutina Pat., worldwide, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Spirin
and Kout 2015 (new spp. North East Asia, morphology).
Durianella Desjardin, A.W. Wilson & Manfr. Binder 2008,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species D. echinulata (Corner
& Hawker) Desjardin, A.W. Wilson & Manfr. Binder,
gastroid, known only from Malaysia, sequence data available, see Desjardin et al. 2008b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Earliella Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species E. scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, basidioma
effused-reflexed to resupinate, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, white rot, widespread (tropical), see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), medicinal use, see Zmitrovich
2018b (mini-review), sequence data available, see Justo
and Hibbett 2011 (phylogeny).
Eballistra R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler & Oberw. 2001,
Eballistraceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes,
four species, type species E. oryzae (Syd. & P. Syd.) R.
Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler & Oberw., plant parasites
(leaves, stems) on Poaceae, widespread in Southern
Hemisphere, cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Bauer et al. 2001b, Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al.
2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Echinochaete D.A. Reid 1963, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species E. megalopora (Bres.) D.A. Reid [current
name: E. brachypora (Mont.) Ryvarden], basidioma laterally stipitate, with short stipite, hymenophore poroid, element setoids with lateral spines, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Sotome et al. 2009 (new
sp., phylogeny, Asia, Japan).
Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) Bon 1991, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph not known, c.
15 species, type species E. asperum (Pers.) Bon,
197
worldwide, sequence data available, see Vu et al. 2019
(DNA barcodes), in need of revision.
Echinodontiellum S.H. He & Nakasone 2017, Echinodontiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species E. japonicum (Imazeki)
S.H. He & Nakasone, wood-rotting, causing a white rot on
living Quercus in Japan and China, sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2017e (taxonomy).
Echinodontium Ellis & Everh. 1900, Echinodontiaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species E. tinctorium (Ellis & Everh.) Ellis &
Everh., America, Japan, Europe, basidioma ungulate to
effuse-refflexed, hymenophore dentate to daedaleoid or
poroid, white rot, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2017e (phylogeny).
Echinophallus Henn. 1898, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species E. lauterbachii (Henn.) Henn., terrestrial, East
Indies, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Echinoporia Ryvarden 1980, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, anamorph Echinodia, three
species, type species E. hydnophora (Berk. & Broome)
Ryvarden, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, see MotatoVasquez et al. 2015 (new records, geographic distribution),
new spp. see Coelho 2008 (Brazil).
Edythea H.S. Jacks. 1931, incertae sedis, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species E. quitensis
(Lagerh.) H.S. Jacks. & Holw., biotrophic on Arecaceae,
Berberidaceae, terrestrial, South America, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Ordoñez and Barnes 2017 (E. quitensis, Ecuador).
Effuseotrichosporon A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species E. vanderwaltii (Motaung,
Albertyn, Kock, C.F. Lee, S.O. Suh, M. Blackw. & C.H.
Pohl) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout, yeast, soil, South Africa, cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Efibula Sheng H. Wu 1990, Irpicaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species, type
species E. tropica Sheng H. Wu, resupinate corticioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence
data available, see Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (new spp.,
phylogeny, Phanerochaete s. l, USA).
Efibulella Zmitr. 2018, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species E. deflectens (P. Karst.) Zmitr., grandinioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, see Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
123
198
Efibulobasidium K. Wells 1975, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph known, one species,
type species E. albescens (Sacc. & Malbr.) K. Wells,
worldwide, saprobic, sequence data available, see Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (taxonomy, phylogeny, Sebacinales),
Kirschner et al. 2017 (Chaetospermum camelliae with
Efibulobasidium teleomorph from Panama).
Eichleriella Bres. 1903, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 14 species,
type species E. incarnata Bres., widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Malysheva and Spirin 2017 (phylogeny, new spp.).
Elaphocephala Pouzar 1983, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species E. iocularis Pouzar, Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Elaphroporia Z.Q. Wu & C.L. Zhao 2018, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species E. ailaoshanensis Z.Q.
Wu & C.L. Zhao, China, sequence data unavailable, see
Wu et al. 2018d (genus accepted, China).
Elateraecium Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil 1966 (= Hiratsukamyces Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil 1975 fide Art.
59.1), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, sexual
morph previously known in Hiratsukamyces Thirum., F.
Kern & B.V. Patil 1975, three species, type species E.
salaciicola Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil, India, south
Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Ellula Nag Raj 1980, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, one species, type species E. guaduae
(Viégas) Nag Raj, Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Elmerina Bres. 1912, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species E. cladophora (Berk.) Bres., widespread (esp.
tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Brazee et al. 2012b (phylogeny, ecology), Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species, poroid Auriculariales, phylogeny), new spp. see Zhou and Dai 2013b
(China, phylogeny), Wu et al. 2015a (central China).
Emmia Zmitr., Spirin & Malysheva 2006, Irpicaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species E. latemarginata (Durieu &
Mont.) Zmitr., Spirin & Malysheva, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot (E. latemarginata (Durieu &
Mont.) Zmitr., Spirin & Malysheva), see El-Gharabawy
et al. 2016 (wood decay, Polyporales), widespread,
sequence data available, see Zmitrovich and Malysheva
2014 (phylogeny), Miettinen et al. 2016b (phylogeny,
Phanerochaetaceae), Wu et al. 2017a (new combination,
China), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Endoclathrus B. Liu, Yin H. Liu & Z.J. Gu 2000, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
unknown, one species, type species E. panzhihuaensis B.
Liu, Yin H. Liu & Z.J. Gu, terrestrial, China, sequence data
unavailable.
Endocronartium Y. Hirats. 1969, Cronartiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species E.
harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hirats., biotrophic on Pinaceae
(Pinus), terrestrial, North America, Japan, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Jitjak
and Sanoamuang 2017 (phylogeny).
Endogonopsis R. Heim 1966, Diplocystidiaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species E. sacramentarium R. Heim, Asia, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Endolepiotula Singer 1963, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species E. ruizlealii Singer, Argentina, basidioma
gasteroid, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Endopandanicola Tibpromma & K.D. Hyde 2018, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
known, one species, type species E. thailandica Tibpromma & K.D. Hyde, Thailand, sequence data available,
see Tibpromma et al. 2018 (taxonomy).
Endoperplexa P. Roberts 1993, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species E. dartmorica P. Roberts, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp.
see Roberts 2008a, b (British Virgin Islands, Belize).
Endophallus M. Zang & R.H. Petersen 1989, Phallaceae,
Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species E. yunnanensis M. Zang & R.H.
Petersen, terrestrial, China, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Endophyllum Lév. 1826 [1825], Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 43 species, type species E. persoonii
Lév, biotrophic on various families including Asteraceae,
Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiceae, Malvaceae,
terrestrial, circumglobal especially in tropics, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Crous 2005 (South Africa), new spp. see Berndt and Wood
2012 (new combination).
Endoraecium Hodges & D.E. Gardner 1984, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 22 species, type
species E. acaciae Hodges & D.E. Gardner, biotrophic on
Acacia (Fabaceae), terrestrial, Australia, South-East Asia
(China), Hawaii, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, new spp. see Berndt 2011 (new
combination), McTaggart et al. 2015 (key to Australian
species, molecular phylogeny).
Entocybe T.J. Baroni, V. Hofst. & Largent 2011, Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, ten species, type species E. trachyospora (Largent) Largent, T.J. Baroni & V. Hofstetter, worldwide,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequence data available, see Baroni et al. 2011 (phylogeny), new spp. see Baroni and Lamoureux 2013
(Canada), Bergemann et al. 2013 (new combination).
Entoloma Fr. ex P. Kumm. 1871, Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 1800
species, type species E. sinuatum (Bull.) P. Kumm.,
worldwide, mostly saprotrophic, minority of species mycorrhizal or weakly parasitic see Tedersoo et al. 2010, some
species edible (E. lividoalbum (Kühner & Romagn.)
Kubička), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Horak
2008 (New Zealand, monograph), Noordeloos 2008 (North
America, type studies, morphology), Noordeloos and Gates
2012a (Tasmania, Australia, morphology, monograph),
Maity et al. 2014, 2015 (compounds), Dovana et al. 2016
(E. ochreoprunuloides, Italy), Mešić et al. 2016 (new
names, new combinations), sequence data available, see
Co-David et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Baroni and Matheny
2011 (phylogeny), Baroni et al. 2011 (phylogeny),
Kinoshita et al. 2012 (sequestrate species, phylogeny), He
et al. 2013a, 2013b (China, phylogeny, type study), Morgado et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Vila et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
morphology), Morozova et al. 2014a (phylogeny),
Kokkonen 2015 (phylogeny), Kondo et al. 2017 (E. rhodopolium-related species, Japan, PCR-RFLP), new spp. see
Largent et al. 2008 (Guyana, South America), Noordeloos
and Polemis 2008 (Greece), Contu et al. 2009 (Italy),
Eyssartier and Noordeloos 2009 (France), Gates et al. 2009
(Tasmania), Horak and Cheype 2009 (French Guiana,
South America), Li and Li 2009 (China), Li et al. 2009a
(China), Noordeloos and Hausknecht 2009 (Austria), Vila
and Caballero 2009 (Spain), Aime et al. 2010 (Australia, as
Calliderma, Paraeccilia and Trichopilus), Blanco-Dios
2010 (Spain), Eyssartier et al. 2010 (New Caledonia),
Henkel et al. 2010b (Guyana, South America, as Alboleptonia), Jordal and Noordeloos 2010 (Norway), Noordeloos
and Morozova 2010 (Russia), Noordeloos et al. 2010, 2017
(Netherlands, Norway), Van Waveren and Llistosella 2010
(Spain), Eyssartier et al. 2011b (New Caledonia), He et al.
2011b
(China),
Largent
et
al.
2011a, b, 2013a, b, 2015, 2016 (Australia, as Claudopus, as
Pouzarella, as Leptonia, as Inocephalus), Senthilarasu
et al. 2010a (India), Takahashi 2011 (Japan, as Clitopilus),
Wölfel and Hampe 2011 (Germany), Blanco-Dios 2012
(Spain), Caballero et al. 2012 (Spain), He et al. 2012
(China), Morozova et al. 2012 (Vietnam), Pradeep et al.
2012b (India), Raj and Manimohan 2012, 2017 (India),
Wölfel et al. 2012 (Germany), Blanco-Dios 2013a (Spain),
Coimbra et al. 2013a (Brazil), Illice and Todeschini 2013
(Italy), Qi et al. 2013 (China), Ribes and Vila 2013 (Spain),
Vila et al. 2013 (Spain), Wang and Bau 2013 (China),
Battistin et al. 2014 (China), Eyssartier and Buyck 2014
(Madagascar), Henkel et al. 2014a (Guyana, South America, as Nolanea), Morozova et al. 2014a (Russia), Raj et al.
199
2014b (India), Weholt et al. 2014 (Norway), Ariyawansa
et al. 2015 (Italy), Catcheside et al. 2015 (Australia), Crous
et al. 2015a, 2016b, 2017b, 2018a (Vietnam, China, Russia,
Ecuador), Deng et al. 2015b (China), He et al. 2015a, b, c
(China), Karstedt and Capelari 2015 (Brazil), Raj and
Manimohan 2016 (India), Blanco-Dios 2016 (Spain), Largent and Bergemann 2016 (USA, as Pouzarella), Lüderitz
et al. 2016 (Germany), Montañez et al. 2016 (Mexico),
Noordeloos and Hausknecht 2016 (Seychelles, La Réunion,
Mauritius), Pradeep et al. 2016a (India), Vidal et al. 2016
(Spain), Blanco-Dios 2017 (Spain, new names and combinations), Ediriweera et al. 2017 (China), He et al. 2017c
(China), Karstedt and Capelari 2017 (Brazil), Tibpromma
et al. 2017 (India), Ainsworth et al. 2018 (UK), Morozova
et al. 2018 (Russia, Vietnam).
Entomocorticium H.S. Whitney, Bandoni & Oberw. 1987,
Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species E. dendroctoni
H.S. Whitney, Canada, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Sakayaroj et al. 2010
(phylogeny, Thailand).
Entyloma de Bary 1874, Entylomataceae, Entylomatales,
Exobasidiomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 163 species,
type species E. microsporum J. Schröt., plant parasites on
dicots, widespread, saprobic yeast states, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2002, Begerow et al. 2014,
Boekhout et al. 2006, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Entylomaster Vánky & R.G. Shivas 2006, Doassansiaceae,
Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type species E. typhonii Vánky & R.G. Shivas, plant parasites on
Araceae, Europe, Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence
data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Eocronartium G.F. Atk. 1902, Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species E.
typhuloides G.F. Atk. [current name: E. muscicola (Pers.)
Fitzp.], biotrophic on Musci, Europe, North America, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
cultures available, see Henk and Vilgalys 2007 (insect
symbiosis origin, phylogeny).
Eonema Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey 2009, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species E. pyriforme (M.P.
Christ.) Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey, sequence data
available, see Lawrey et al. 2009 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Epicnaphus Singer 1960, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species E. phalaropus Singer, saprophytic, South
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Episphaeria Donk 1962, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species E. fraxinicola (Berk. & Broome) Donk,
123
200
Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Epithele (Pat.) Pat. 1900, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species E. typhae (Pers.) Pat., resupinate basidioma,
odontioid hymenophore (formed by sterile hyphal pegs),
wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy),
new spp. see Wang et al. 2010a (morphology, China,
Vietnam), Nakasone 2013 (new combination, morphology,
Belize, Reunion, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela).
Epithelopsis Jülich 1976, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species E. fulva (G. Cunn.) Jülich, resupinate basidioma, odontioid hymenophore (formed by sterile hyphal
pegs), wood-rotting, widespread (Australia, India, New
Zealand), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Erastia Niemelä & Kinnunen 2005, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species E. salmonicolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Niemelä & Kinnunen, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, widespread (Asia, Europe, USA and Cuba),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008, Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy).
Eriocaulago Vánky 2005, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species E. eriocauli
(Massee) Vánky, species parasite (ovaries) on plant Eriocaulaceae, Angola, India, Madagascar, Thailand, USA,
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Eriocortex Vánky & R.G. Shivas 2013, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Ustilaginomycetes, aexual morph unknown,
one species, type species E. eriocauli R.G. Shivas, Vánky,
M.D. Barrett & M. Lutz, Australia, plant parasites (ovaries)
on Eriocaulaceae, Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence
data available, see Vánky et al. 2013, Nasr et al. 2014a
(taxonomy).
Eriocybe Vellinga 2011, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species E. chionea Vellinga, agaricoid, saprotrophic,
Thailand, sequence data available, see Vellinga et al. 2011
(genus introduced).
Eriomoeszia Vánky 2005, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species E. eriocauli
(G.P. Clinton) Vánky, plant parasite (ovaries) on Eriocaulon spp. (Eriocaulaceae), India, USA, cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Eriosporium Vánky 2005, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, two species, plant parasites (ovaries) on
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Eriocaulaceae, Angola, cultures unavailable, sequence data
unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Erratomyces M. Piepenbr. & R. Bauer 1997, Erratomycetaceae, Tilletiales, Exobasidiomycetes, five species, type
species E. patelii (Pavgi & Thirum.) M. Piepenbr. & R.
Bauer, plant parasites (leaves) on Fabaceae, Africa, South
America, North America, India, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Ertzia B.P. Hodk. & Lücking 2014, Lepidostromataceae,
Lepidostromatales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species E. akagerae (Eb.
Fisch., Ertz, Killmann & Sérus.) B.P. Hodk. & Lücking,
tropical Africa, lichenized, sequence data available, see
Hodkinson et al. 2014 (monograph), Liu et al. 2017a
(phylogeny).
Erythricium J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1970 (= Marchandiobasidium Diederich & Schultheis 2003), Corticiaceae,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph known (bulbils, Marchandiobasidium Diederich & Schultheis fide
Hawksworth and Henrici 2015), six species, type species E.
laetum (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam, wood-rotting and
lichenicolous, widespread, see Diederich et al. 2003 (taxonomy of asexual morph), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Ghobad-Nejhad
and Hallenberg 2011 (Iran), Hawksworth and Henrici 2015
(new combination).
Erythrobasidium Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag. 1988, Erythrobasidiaceae, Erythrobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes,
sexual and asexual morphs known, three species, E.
hasegawianum Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag., yeast, plant
material, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy),
cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al.
2015d, e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Erythromyces Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1990, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species E. crocicreas
(Berk. & Broome) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, wood-rotting,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Yuan and Wan 2012
(phylogeny).
Erythrophylloporus Ming Zhang & T.H. Li 2018, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species E. cinnabarinus Ming
Zhang & T.H. Li, China, terrestrial, stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, sequence data available, see
Zhang and Li 2018 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Esalque J.F. Hennen, Figueiredo & A.A. Carvalho 2000,
Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species,
type species E. holwayi (H.S. Jacks.) J.F. Hennen, Figueiredo & A.A. Carvalho, biotrophic on Caesalpinia
(Fabaceae), terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Exidia Fr. 1822, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 26 species, type
species E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr., widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species, poroid Auriculariales,
phylogeny), new spp. see Roberts 2009 (British Isles).
Exidiopsis (Bref.) Möller 1895, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 30
species, type species E. effusa Bref., widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species, poroid Auriculariales,
phylogeny), Malysheva and Spirin 2017 (phylogeny).
Exobasidium Woronin 1867, Exobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, type species E. vaccinii (Fuckel)
Woronin, 51 species, plant parasites (leaves, stems) on
Ericales, widespread in Europe, South America, East Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures available,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014,
Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Exoteliospora R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky 1999, Melanotaeniaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species,
type species E. osmundae (Peck) R. Bauer, Oberw. &
Vánky, plant parasite (leaves) on Osmunda (Osmundaceae), North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable,
see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Faerberia Pouzar 1981, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species F. carbonaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar,
cantharelloid basidioma, terrestrial (post-fire), Europe,
North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Thorn et al. 2000 (phylogeny,
Pleurotaceae).
Farysia Racib. 1909, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, (= Elateromyces Bubák, Arch. Prı́rodov. Výzk. 1912; = Farysizyma A. Fonseca 2008), 23
species, type species F. javanica Racib., plant parasites
(flowers) on genera Carex and Uncinia (Cyperaceae),
Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Australia, saprobic yeast
states on plants, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures available, sequence data available, see Inácio et al.
2008, Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Farysporium Vánky 1999, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species F. endotrichum (Berk.) Vánky, plant
parasite (flowers) on Gahnia spp. (Cyperaceae), Australasia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy).
Favillea Fr. 1849, Sclerodermataceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
201
species F. argillacea Fr., Australia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. 1892, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 54 species,
type species F. gaillardii (Pat.) Pat., tropics and subtropics,
see Vizzini et al. 2009 (species distribution), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Chepkirui et al. 2016 (compounds),
sequence data available, see Gillen et al. 2013 (Ecuador,
Panama, key), Capelari et al. 2014 (Brazil, phylogeny),
new spp. see Takahashi 2011 (Japan), Magnago et al.
2013a (Brazil), Pérez-Ramı́rez et al. 2014 (Mexico).
Favolus P. Beauv. 1805, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species F. daedaleus (Link) Fr. [current name:
F. brasiliensis (Fr.) Fr.], poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (mainly in tropics), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), some species edible (F. brasiliensis), see Sanuma
et al. 2016 (edible mushrooms, Brazil), sequence data
available, see Sotome et al. 2013 (phylogeny, emendation
of genus, key), Dai et al. 2014b (phylogeny, China), Zhou
et al. 2016b (phylogeny, China), Papp and Dima 2017
(phylogeny, Central Europe), new spp. see Tibpromma
et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Korea), Zhou and Cui 2017 (phylogeny, China).
Fayodia Kühner 1930, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten species, type
species F. bisphaerigera (J.E. Lange) Singer, North temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Antonı́n 2004
(type studies), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004 (European
taxa), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002
(phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure).
Fellomyces Y. Yamada & Banno 1984, Cuniculitremaceae,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
four species, type species F. polyborus (D.B. Scott & Van
der Walt) Y. Yamada & I. Banno, yeast, widespread, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Fellozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Chrysozymaceae, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species F. inositophila (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, plant
material, Japan, cultures and sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Femsjonia Fr. 1849, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales,
Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species F. luteoalba Fr. [current name: Ditiola peziziformis (Lév.) D.A. Reid], wood-rotting, sequence data
available, new spp. see Shirouzu et al. 2017 (Japan), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (China).
123
202
Fereydounia S. Nasr, M.R. Soudi, H.D.T. Nguyen, M.
Lutz & Pia˛tek 2014, Fereydouniaceae, Urocystidales,
Ustilaginomycetes, one species, known only from saprobic
states, plant material, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Nasr et al. 2014a (description), Wang et al.
2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Fevansia Trappe & Castellano 2000, Rhizopogonaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species F. aurantiaca Trappe & Castellano,
ectomycorrhizal, North America, sequence data available.
Fibricium J. Erikss. 1958, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species F. greschikii (Bres.) J. Erikss., woodrotting, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2007 (phylogeny).
Fibrodontia Parmasto 1968, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six
species, type species F. gossypina Parmasto, wood-rotting,
sequence data available, new sp. and new comb. see
Yurchenko and Wu 2014c (China), Baltazar et al. 2016
(taxonomy).
Fibroporia Parmasto 1968, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten species,
type species F. vaillantii (DC.) Parmasto, basidioma
resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread, sequence data available, see Chen et al. 2017d
(new spp., phylogeny, China), new spp. see Bernicchia
et al. 2012 (new combination, phylogeny, Antrodia s. l,
Czech Republic), Chen et al. 2015e (phylogeny, China).
Fibulobasidium Bandoni 1979, Sirobasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known,
three species, type species F. inconspicuum Bandoni, yeast,
insect, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy),
cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Fibulochlamys A.I. Romero & Cabral 1989, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, two species, type species F.
ferruginosa A.I. Romero & Cabral, Argentina, Chile, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Madrid et al. 2010 (new sp.).
Fibulocoela Nag Raj 1978, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, one species, type species F. indica Nag
Raj, India, Cuba, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Fibulosebacea K. Wells & Raitv. 1987, Auriculariaceae,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species F. strigosa (Bourdot & Galzin) K.
Wells & Raitv., Europe, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Fibulotaeniella Marvanová & Bärl. 1988, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, hyphomycetous, one species, type species F. canadensis Marvanová & Bärl.,
Canada, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
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Filobasidium L.S. Olive 1968, Filobasidiaceae, Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs
known, nine species, type species F. floriforme L.S. Olive,
yeast, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy),
cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(emendation, taxonomy and phylogeny).
Fissolimbus E. Horak 1979, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species F. fallaciosus E. Horak, Papua New Guinea,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Fistulina Bull. 1791, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Confistulina Stalpers, nine
species, type species F. hepatica (Schaeff.) With., worldwide, basidioma pileate-stipitate, hymenophore tubular,
with separate tubes, wood decaying, brown rot, beefsteak
fungus, some species edible (F. hepatica (Schaeff.) With.),
see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Bodensteiner et al.
2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes),
Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007
(agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Floudas
et al. 2015 (genome), new spp, see Song et al. 2015
(China).
Fistulinella Henn. 1901, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 25 species, type
species F. staudtii Henn., stipitate-pileate, presumably
ectomycorrhizal, pantropical and South temperate zone of
Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, new spp. see Fulgenzi et al. 2010 (Guyana),
Magnago et al. 2017a (Brazil), new combinations see
Horak et al. 2011, genus in need of revision.
Flabellimycena Redhead 1984, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species F. flava (Singer) Redhead, South America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Flabellophora G. Cunn. 1965, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species, type species F. superposita (Berk.) G. Cunn., poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (pantropical),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Flagelloscypha Donk 1951, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 25 species, type
species F. minutissima (Burt) Donk, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid
homobasidiomycetes).
Flamingomyces R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky &
Oberw. 2007, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species F. ruppiae (Feldmann)
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky & Oberw., plant parasite
(leaves, rhizome) on Ruppia maritima (Ruppiaceae), Europe, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Flaminia Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902, incertae sedis, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species F. amylospora
(Rehm) Sacc. & P. Syd., on Xanthoxylon, Brazil, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Flammeopellis Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao 2014,
Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species F. bambusicola
Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, China, poroid hymenophore, bambusicolous, white rot, sequence data available,
see Zhao et al. 2014b (taxonomy, phylogeny, China).
Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Hymenogastraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
ten species, type species F. flavida (Fr.) P. Kumm., see
Redhead 2013b (nomenclature), sequence data available,
see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Matheny et al. 2006
(phylogeny)
Flammulaster Earle 1909, Tubariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species F. carpophilus (Fr.) Earle ex Vellinga, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Gulden
et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Matheny 2005 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Matheny et al. 2015 (phylogeny, clustering into
Tubariaceae), Horak 2018 (monograph, New Zealand).
Flammulina P. Karst. 1891, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species F. velutipes (Curtis) Singer, worldwide, some
species edible, enokitake (F. velutipes (Curtis) Singer), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Smiderle et al. 2008
(nutritional values), Yang et al. 2012a (compounds), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Matheny and Bougher 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see Ge
et al. 2008b, 2015a (China, phylogeny).
Flavidoporia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species F. pulvinascens (Pilát) Audet, wood-rotting,
see Audet 2017d (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013 (antrodia clade of Polyporales,
phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2016b (phylogeny, Antrodia s. s.).
Flaviporus Murrill 1905, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species F. brownii (Humb.) Donk, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, widespread (tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Miettinen
et al. 2012 (phylogeny), see Wu et al. 2017a (new combination, phylogeny).
Flavodon Ryvarden 1973, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
203
species F. flavus (Klotzsch) Ryvarden, varied hymenophore (poroid, hydnoid to irpicoid), wood-rotting, white
rot, mycosymbiont of ambrosia beetles, see Kasson et al.
2016 (symbiosys, F. ambrosius D.R. Simmons, You Li,
C.C. Bateman & J. Hulcr), sequence data available, see
Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), see Simmons et al. 2016
(new sp., phylogeny, USA), Wu et al. 2017a (new combination, phylogeny).
Floccularia Pouzar 1957, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species F. luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar, worldwide, some species edible (F. luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar), see Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Li et al. 2010b (nutritional components), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
Floromyces Vánky, M. Lutz & R. Bauer 2008,
Floromycetaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, one
species, type species F. anemarrhenae (C.H. Chow & Chi
C. Chang) Vánky, M. Lutz & R. Bauer, plant parasite
(flowers) on Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Asparagaceae),
China, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Fomes (Fr.) Fr. 1849, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species F. fomentarius (L.) Fr., perennial basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), medicinal use, see
Grienke et al. 2014, Gáper et al. 2016 (review, F. fomentarius), ethnomycological use, see Papp et al. 2017a
(Transylvania, Europe, F. fomentarius), sequence data
available, see Judova et al. 2012 (phylogeny, Europe),
McCormick et al. 2013 (phylogeny, culture study, USA).
Fomitella Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species F. supina (Sw.) Murrill, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (tropical, subtropical),
sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny,
Polyporales), see Hattori and Sotome 2013 (new combination, morphology, type study, Malaysia).
Fomitiporella Murrill 1907, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species Poria umbrinella Bres., basidioma
resupinate, hymenophore poroid, wood-decaying, white
rot, widespread, sequence data available, new spp. see
Zhou 2014c (genus accepted), Ji et al. 2017c, 2018 (species
diversity, phylogeny, China).
Fomitiporia Murrill 1907, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 46
species, type species F. langloisii Murrill, basidioma
resupinate to pileate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, F. ellipsoidea has the largest fruiting
body among the fungi, see Dai and Cui 2011, possibly
123
204
medicinal use, see Liu et al. 2017b (antioxidant, HIV
protease inhibiting and HIV integrase inhibiting activities),
inclusion of some pathogenic wood-decaying species (F.
capensis M. Fisch., M. Cloete, L. Mostert & F. Halleen, F.
hartigii (Allesch. & Schnabl) Fiasson & Niemelä), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Cloete et al. 2014 (associated
with esca on grapevine in South Africa), sequence data
available, new spp. see Amalfi et al. 2010 (Africa), Vlasák
and Kout 2011 (USA, new combinations, Pileate Fomitiporia species), Amalfi et al. 2012 (Southern USA and
Northern Mexico), Raymundo et al. 2012 (México), Zhou
and Xue 2012 (China), Amalfi and Decock 2013, 2014
(South America), Cloete et al. 2014 (South Africa), de
Campos Santana 2014 (Brazil), Chen and Cui 2017
(China), Liu et al. 2018b (China).
Fomitopsis P. Karst. 1881, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species F. pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), some species medicinal use, see
Grienke et al. 2014, Pleszczyńska et al. 2017 (review,
F. betulina, F. pinicola), sequence data available, see Han
et al. 2016a (phylogeny, morphology), Floudas et al. 2012
(genome, F. pinicola), Hong et al. 2017 (genome,
F. palustris (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden), new
spp. Zhou and Wei 2012 (phylogeny, China), Li et al.
2013b (phylogeny, China), Han et al. 2014 (phylogeny,
China), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Brazil), new
combination, see Hattori and Sotome 2013 (morphology,
type study, Indonesia).
Fonsecazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Bulleraceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, three species, type
species F. mujuensis (K.S. Shin & Y.H. Park) X.Z. Liu,
F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide,
cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Foraminispora Robledo, Costa-Rezende & DrechslerSantos 2017, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, one species, type species F. rugosa (Berk.) Costa-Rezende, Drechsler-Santos & Robledo,
poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-rotting, tropical
(South America), sequence data available, see CostaRezende et al. 2017 (taxonomy, Amauroderma s. l., new
combination, phylogeny).
Fragifomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species F. niveomarginatus
(L.W. Zhou & Y.L. Wei) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, China,
sequence data available, see Zhou and Wei 2012 (Fomitopsis niveomarginata, phylogeny, China), Han et al. 2016a
(new genus, new combination, phylogeny, morphology).
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Fragiliporia Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao 2015,
Fragiliporiaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species F. fragilis Y.C.
Dai, B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, resupinate basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, China, sequence
data available, see Zhao et al. 2015a (new family, new
genus, new sp., phylogeny, China).
Frantisekia Spirin & Zmitr. 2007, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species F. fissiliformis (Pilát) Spirin & Zmitr.,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread
(Northern Hemisphere), see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy),
sequence data available, see Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny, F. mentschulensis), new sp. see Yuan 2014 (phylogeny, Antrodiella, China).
Franzpetrakia Thirum. & Pavgi 1957, Ustilaginaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, three species, type species F. microstegii Thirum. & Pavgi, plant parasite (flowers) on Poaceae, East Asia, South Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Fulvifomes Murrill 1914, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 33
species, type species F. robiniae (Murrill) Murrill, basidioma pileate to ungulate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see
Salvador-Montoya et al. 2018 (delimitation of F. robiniae,
new sp.), new spp. see Baltazar and Gibertoni 2010 (new
combinations), Dai 2010b (China), Zhou and Zhang 2012
(Cambodia), Zhou 2014b (China), Hattori et al. 2014
(Thailand), Zhou 2015b (Thailand), Ji et al. 2017b
(America).
Fulvisporium Vánky 1997, Ustilentylomataceae, Microbotryales, Microbotryomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species F. restifaciens (D.E. Shaw)
Vánky, on Poaceae, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available.
Funalia Pat. 1900, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten species, type
species F. mons-veneris (Jungh.) Pat., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, industrial use,
see Daâssi et al. 2014 (biodegradation, F. gallica (Fr.)
Bondartsev & Singer), Zmitrovich et al. 2018c (F. trogii
(Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer, mini-review), sequence data
available, see, Li et al. 2016c (new sp., phylogeny, China),
new combinations, see Dai and Yuan 2010 (type study,
morphology, China), Zmitrovich and Malysheva 2013
(phylogeny, morphology).
Furtadoa Costa-Rezende, Robledo & Drechsler-Santos
2017, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species F. biseptata
Costa-Rezende, Drechsler-Santos & Reck, poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-rotting, growing on the ground
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
or on decayed angiosperm wood, white rot, tropical (South
America), sequence data available, see Costa-Rezende
et al. 2017 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Fuscoporia Murrill 1907, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 62
species, type species F. ferruginosa (Schrad.) Murrill,
basidioma resupinate to pileate, hymenophore poroid,
wood-rotting, white rot, see Pires et al. 2015 (Brazilian
Atlantic Rainforest), sequence data available, see Baltazar
and Gibertoni 2010 (new combination), Raymundo et al.
2012, 2013a, b (morphology, new species, new combinations taxonomy, Sonoran desert, Mexico).
Fuscopostia B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai 2019, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species F. fragilis (Fr.) B.K.
Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai, worldwide, wood-rotting,
sequence data available, see Shen et al. 2019 (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Galerella Earle 1909, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
species G. plicatella (Peck) Singer, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Tóth et al. 2013 (phylogeny), new spp. see Tkalčec et al.
2011 (tropical Africa, morphology), Bandala and Montoya
2015 (Mexico, morphology).
Galerina Earle 1909, Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 250 species,
type species G. vittiformis (Fr.) Singer, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode), Jang et al.
2015b (phylogeny), Riley et al. 2014 (genome), new spp.
see Latha et al. 2015a (India).
Galeropsis Velen. 1930, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species, type
species G. desertorum Velen. & Dvořák, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Tóth et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Bolbitiaceae).
Gallacea Lloyd 1905, Gallaceaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species G. scleroderma (Cooke) Lloyd, Australia, New
Zealand, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Giachini et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Gallowaya Arthur 1906, Coleosporiaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species G. pini Arthur
(current name: G. pinicola Arthur), pycniospores and teliiospores microcyclic, North America, Siberia, G. crowellii
on Pinus, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Galzinia Bourdot 1922, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species, type
species G. pedicellata Bourdot, wood-rotting, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data from
type not available, but from G. incrustans available, see
205
Hibbett and Binder 2002 (evolution), Sjökvist et al. 2012
(evolution).
Gambleola Massee 1898, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. cornuta Massee, on Berberis, India, Nepal,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Gamundia Raithelh. 1979, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. seven species, type species G. pseudoclusilis (Joss. & Konrad) Raithelh., Europe, South America, see Antonı́n and
Noordeloos 2004 (European taxa), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al.
2002 (phylogeny), Musumeci et al. 2010 (new sp., France).
Ganoderma P. Karst. 1881, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 180 species,
type species G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., basidioma
pileate, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), some species pathogen
of horticultural plants or pulpwood plantations, see Wasser
et al. 2006 (G. lucidum-complex), Mercière et al. 2015 (oil
palm, basal stem rot disease, G. boninense Pat.), Page et al.
2018 (fungal mating systems, G. philippii, G. mastoporum
and G. australe, Indonesia), Papp 2019 (review, taxonomy,
global diversity), cosmopolitan, several species medicinal
use, see Baby et al. 2015 (review, metabolites, biological
activities), Lindequist et al. 2015 (review, G. pfeifferi,
Europe), Richter et al. 2015 (review, chemotaxonomy),
Hapuarachchi et al. 2017 (review, medicinal properties,
clinical evidence), Papp et al. 2017b (review, G. lucidum
complex, nomenclature, phylogeny), sequence data available, see Chen et al. 2012b (genome, G. lingzhi Sheng H.
Wu, Y. Cao & Y.C. Dai, as G. lucidum, see Papp et al.
2017b), Zhou et al. 2015 (phylogeny, G. lucidum complex,
northern hemisphere), Kües et al. 2015 (review, genomics,
Ganoderma spp.), Jargalmaa et al. 2017 (Korean Ganoderma and database sequence validation), new spp. see
Torres-Torres et al. 2008 (morphology, Mexico), DouanlaMeli and Langer 2009c (phylogeny, Cameroon), Welti and
Courtecuisse 2010 (morphology, Martinique), Kinge and
Mih 2011 (phylogeny, Cameroon), Cao et al. 2012 (phylogeny, China), Cao and Yuan 2013 (phylogeny, China),
Crous et al. 2014b, 2015b, 2016a, 2017a, b (phylogeny,
South Africa, Ecuador, Ghana, India), Coetzee et al. 2015
(phylogeny, South Africa), Li et al. 2015c (phylogeny,
China), Xing et al. 2016, 2018 (phylogeny, South Africa,
China), Hapuarachchi et al. 2018a, b, 2019 (phylogeny,
China, Laos), Tchoumi et al. 2018 (phylogeny, South
Africa), new combination, see Papp 2016 (nomenclature,
East Asia).
Gasterella Zeller & L.B. Walker 1935, Gasterellaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. luteophila Zeller & L.B. Walker,
123
206
USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Gasterellopsis Routien 1940, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. silvicola Routien, USA, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gasteroagaricoides D.A. Reid 1986, Psathyrellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. ralstoniae D.A. Reid, Australia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Gastroboletus Lohwag 1926, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species G. boedijnii Lohwag, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Dentinger et al. 2010 (section Boletus,
phylogeny), new spp. see Wang et al. 2014b (morphology,
China).
Gastroleccinum Thiers 1989, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. scabrosum (Mazzer & A.H. Sm.) Thiers,
sequestrate, North America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gastropila Homrich & J.E. Wright 1973, Lycoperdaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species G. fragilis (Lév.) Homrich & J.E.
Wright, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Cortez
et al. 2012 (Brazil, key), Rebriev and Assyov 2012 (Europe, Asia), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gastrosporium Mattir. 1903, Gastrosporiaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species G. simplex Mattir., ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Tomaszewska et al. 2015 (ecology), sequence data available, see
Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a (phylogeny).
Gautieria Vittad. 1831, Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 37 species, type
species G. morchelliformis Vittad., terrestrial and ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Bau and
Liu 2013 (China).
Geasteroides Long 1917, Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species G. texensis Long, USA, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Geastrum Pers. 1794, Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 130 species, type
species G. pectinatum Pers., widespread, earthstars, terrestrial, 14 sections, sect. Campestria J.C.Zamora,
sect. Corollina J.C.Zamora, sect. Elegantia J.C.Zamora,
sect. Exareolata De Toni, sect. Fimbriata De Toni,
sect. Fornicata De Toni, sect. Geastrum Pers., sect. Hariotia J.C.Zamora, sect. Hieronymia J.C.Zamora,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sect. Myceliostroma (Henn.) P.Ponce de León, sect. Papillata De Toni, sect. Pseudolimbata J.C.Zamora, sect. Schmidelia J.C.Zamora, sect. Trichaster (Czern.) P. Ponce de
León, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zamora et al.
2014b (systematics, Geastrum), some species medicinal
use (G. fimbriatum Fr.), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal
mushrooms, China), sequence data available, see Zamora
et al. 2014b, 2015 (section Schmidelia, Geastrum), new
spp. see Hemmes and Desjardin 2011 (Hawaii), da Silva
et al. 2013a (Brazil), Kuhar et al. 2013 (Argentina), Sousa
et al. 2015 (Brazil), Zamora et al. 2015 (Australia), Crous
et al. 2016b, 2017b, 2018b.
Geesterania Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb. 2018,
Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species G. carneola (Bres.)
Westphalen & Rajchenb, resupinate porioid basidioma,
wood-rotting, white rot, see Westphalen et al. 2018
(taxonomy).
Gelacantha V. Malysheva & Spirin 2019, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species G. pura V. Malysheva & Spirin,
Europe (Russian Caucasus), saprobic, on fallen log of
Abies, sequence data available, see Spirin et al. 2019b
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Gelatoporia Niemelä 1985, Gelatoporiaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species G. subvermispora (Pilát) Niemelä, resupinate
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (north temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Miettinen and
Rajchenberg 2012 (phylogeny), Fernandez-Fueyo et al.
2012 (genome, as Ceriporiopsis subvermispora).
Gelidatrema A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Phaeotremellaceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. spencermartinsiae (C. Garcı́a, Brizzio,
Boekhout, Theelen, Libkind & van Broock) A.M. Yurkov,
X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast,
Europe, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al.
2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Geliporus Yuan Yuan, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He 2017,
Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species G. exilisporus
(Y.C. Dai & Niemelä) Yuan Yuan, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He,
wood-rotting, white rot, sequence data available, see Yuan
et al. 2017b (Phanerochaetaceae, taxonomy, China).
Gelopellis Zeller 1939, Claustulaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species G. macrospora Zeller, South America, Japan,
Sustralia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data avaialble, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny, gomphoid-phalloid fungi).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Geminago Vánky & R. Bauer 1996, Geminaginaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species
G. nonveilleri (Zambett. & Foko) Vánky & R. Bauer, plant
parasite (flowers) on Triplochiton scleroxylon (Malvaceae),
Africa, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy).
Geminibasidium H.D.T. Nguyen, N.L. Nick. & Seifert
2013, Geminibasidiaceae, Geminibasidiales, Wallemiomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species, G. donsium H.D.T. Nguyen, N.L. Nickerson &
Seifert, Canada, sequence data available, see Nguyen et al.
2013a (taxonomy).
Genolevuria X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, Bulleraceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual
morph unknown, four species, type species G. amylolytica
(Á. Fonseca, J. Inácio & Spenc.-Mart.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout, worldwide, yeast, cultures and
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy
and phylogeny).
Georgefischeria Thirum. & Naras. 1963, Georgefischeriaceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, four species, type species G. riveae Thirum. & Naras., plant
parasites (leaves, stems) on Convolvulaceae, India, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, see Bauer et al. 2001b, Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Geotrichopsis Tzean & Estey 1991, incertae sedis, incertae
sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species G.
mycoparasitica Tzean & Estey, Canada, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gerhardtia Bon 1994, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. seven species, type
species G. incarnatobrunnea (Ew. Gerhardt) Bon,
sequence data available, see Mešić and Tkalčec 2009
(morphology, type study), Vizzini et al. 2015a (new
emendation), Matheny et al. 2017a (new combination),
new spp. see Cooper 2014b (New Zealand), Li et al. 2017b
(China).
Gerronema Singer 1951, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 58 species, type
species G. melanomphax Singer, lignicolous, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Antonı́n
et al. 2008 (Korea), new spp. see Cooper 2014b (New
Zealand), Latha et al. 2018b (India).
Gerwasia Racib. 1909, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, (= Mainsia H.S. Jacks. 1931), 19 species,
type species G. rubi Racib., asexual morphs Campanulospora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá, Morispora
Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá, Scutelliformis
Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá, biotrophic on
Rosaceae (Rubus, Rosa) terrestrial, Central and South
207
America, Asia, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see McTaggart et al.
2016a (Evolution, phylogeny).
Giacomia Vizzini & Contu 2012, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species G. mirabilis (Bres.) Vizzini & Contu,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Vizzini et al.
2012b (new genus).
Gilbertsonia Parmasto 2001, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. angulopora (M.J. Larsen & Lombard)
Parmasto, resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, brown rot, USA, sequence data available, see
Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013 (phylogeny, antrodia clade).
Ginnsia Sheng H. Wu & Hallenb. 2010, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species G. viticola (Schwein.)
Sheng H.Wu & Hallenb., wood-rotting, widespread,
sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2010a (new combination, Phanerochaete).
Giulia Tassi 1904, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species G. tenuis (Sacc.) Tassi ex Sacc. & D. Sacc., Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Rungjindamai et al. 2008 (phylogeny).
Gjaerumia R. Bauer, M. Lutz & Oberw. 2005, Gjaerumiaceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, three species, type species G. ossifragi (Rostr.) R. Bauer, M. Lutz &
Oberw., plant parasite (leaves) on Asparagaceae, Melanthiaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae, Denmark, Italy, Kazakhstan,
saprobic yeast states, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Glabrocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve
species, type species G. palmarum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
W.B. Cooke, saprophytic, worldwide, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Glaciozyma Turchetti, Connell, Thomas-Hall & Boekhout
2011, Camptobasidiaceae, Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, four species,
type species G. antarctica (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter &
Phaff) Turchetti, Connell, Thomas-Hall & Boekhout, yeast,
psychrophilic, worldwide, cultures and sequence data
available, see Turchetti et al. 2011 (genus introduced,
taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Gliophorus Herink 1958, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 17 species,
type species G. psittacinus (Schaeff.) Herink, worldwide,
waxcap mushrooms, sequence data available, see Lodge
et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), new
spp. see Ainsworth et al. 2013 (Britain).
123
208
Globifomes Murrill 1904, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. graveolens (Schwein.) Murrill, basidioma
consist of overlapping stipe-less caps, poroid hymenophore, wood-inhabiting, white rot, North America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Globosomyces Jülich 1980, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. aggregatus Jülich, basidioma aggregate,
Borneo, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Globuliciopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species G. fuegiana Hjortstam &
Ryvarden, basidioma resupinate, corticioid, wood-rotting,
Central and South America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Globulicium Hjortstam 1973, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species G. hiemale (Laurila) Hjortstam,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Larsson 2007b (phylogeny).
Globulisebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess 2014,
Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species G. rolleyi (L.S.
Olive) Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess, sequence data available, see Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Kirschner et al. 2017 (China).
Gloeoasterostroma Rick 1938, incertae sedis, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. sordidum Rick, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Gloeocantharellus Singer 1945, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve species,
type species G. purpurascens (Hesler) Singer, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, new spp. see Deng and Li 2008 (China, morphology), Linhares et al. 2016 (Brazil), Wartchow et al.
2017 (Brazil, morphology), new combinations see Giachini
and Castellano 2011 (taxonomic classification for species
in Gomphus s. l.).
Gloeocorticium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1986, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species G. cinerascens Hjortstam & Ryvarden, Argentina, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gloeocystidiellum Donk 1931, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species G. porosum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Donk,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
data available, see Gorjón and Hallenberg 2013 (taxonomy), new spp. see Telleria et al. 2012b (Spain).
Gloeocystidiopsis Jülich 1982, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. flammea (Boidin) Jülich, resupinate,
sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Gloeodontia Boidin 1966, incertae sedis, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species G. discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Zhou and Dai 2013a (taxonomy, phylogeny, hydnoid Russulales), new spp. see Telleria et al.
2008b (Spain).
Gloeohypochnicium (Parmasto) Hjortstam 1987, incertae
sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species G. analogum (Bourdot
& Galzin) Hjortstam, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Fukami
et al. 2010 (biodiversity).
Gloeomucro R.H. Petersen 1980, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type species G. nodosus (Linder) R.H. Petersen,
widespread, genus in need of modern interpretation,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Gloeomyces Sheng H. Wu 1996, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species G. graminicola Sheng H. Wu, China, Japan,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Gloeopeniophorella Rick 1934, Russulaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species G. rubroflava Rick, sequence data available, see
Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny, russuloid
basidiomycetes).
Gloeophyllum P. Karst. 1882, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species G. sepiarium (Wulfen) P. Karst.,
basidioma resupinate to pilete, hymenophore poroid to
lamellate, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread, sequence
data available, see Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Floudas et al. 2012 (phylogeny).
Gloeoporellus Zmitr. 2018, Incrustoporiaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, one species, type species G. merulinus (Berk.)
Zmitr., resupinate porioid basidioma, wood-rotting, white
rot, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Gloeoporus Mont. 1842, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species G. conchoides Mont. [current name: G. thelephoroides (Hook.) G. Cunn.], poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data
available, new spp. see Mata and Ryvarden 2010 (morphology, Costa Rica), Yuan et al. 2016b (phylogeny,
tropical China), Jung et al. 2018 (phylogeny, Uganda,
Korea).
Gloeosoma Bres. 1920, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species G. vitellinum (Lév.) Bres., cupulate, sequence data
available, see Wu et al. 2001 (phylogeny).
Gloeostereum S. Ito & S. Imai 1933, Cyphellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. incarnatum S. Ito & S. Imai, Japan,
Korea, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Jang et al. 2015a (Korea), Jang et al. 2016
(Korea).
Gloeosynnema Seifert & G. Okada 1988, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, two species, type species
G. ochroleucum (Penz. & Sacc.) Seifert & G. Okada,
Indonesia, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Gloiocephala Massee 1892, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species G. epiphylla Massee, worldwide, saprotrophic,
see Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe, monograph),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see Tkalčec
and Mešić 2008 (Croatia), Adamčı́k et al. 2015 (China).
Gloiodon P. Karst. 1879, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species G. strigosus (Sw.) P. Karst., Europe, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny, russuloid
basidiomycetes).
Gloiothele Bres. 1920, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. twelve species, type species G. lamellosa (Henn.) Bres., see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny, russuloid
basidiomycetes).
Gloioxanthomyces Lodge, Vizzini, Ercole & Boertm.
2013, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species G. vitellinus
(Fr.) Lodge, Vizzini, Ercole & Boertm., North America,
Newfoundland, Europe, sequence data available, see Lodge
et al. 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Glomerogloea Doweld 2013, Platygloeaceae, Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species G.
empetri (D.M. Hend.) Doweld, sequence data unavailable.
Glomerulomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López 1989, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type
species G. fibulosus A.I. Romero & S.E. López, Argentina,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
209
Glomopsis D.M. Hend. 1961, Platygloeaceae, Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species G.
corni (Peck) D.M. Hend., USA, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Glutinoagger Sivan. & Watling 1980, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species G.
fibulatus Sivan. & Watling, Seychelles, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Glyptoderma R. Heim & Perr.-Bertr. 1971, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. coelatum (Pat. ex R. Heim) R.
Heim & Perr.-Bertr., tropical America, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Goffeauzyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Filobasidiaceae, Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, six species, type
species G. gastrica (Reiersöl & di Menna) X.Z. Liu, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, acid environments,
soils, psychrophilic, widespread, cultures and sequence
data available, cultures are available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Golubevia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow & Boekhout
2015, Golubeviaceae, Golubeviales, Exobasidiomycetes,
one species, type species G. pallescens (Gokhale) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow & Boekhout, known only from
saprobic states, cultures available, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2000, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Gomphidius Fr. 1836, Gomphidiaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr., widespread, some
species edible (G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr.), see Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), some medicinal use (G.
rutilus (Schaeff.) S. Lundell), see Gao et al. 2013b
(medicinal study), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Li et al. 2009b (phylogeny),
Yu 2015 (ecology), Větrovský et al. 2016 (phylogeny),
Pérez-Izquierdo et al. 2017 (phylogeny), new spp. see Qi
et al. 2017 (Northeast China).
Gomphogaster O.K. Mill. 1973, Gomphidiaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species G. leucosarx (A.H. Sm. & Singer) O.K.
Mill., USA, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Gomphus Pers. 1797, Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species, type
species G. clavatus (Pers.) Gray, widespread, few species
are mycorrhizal, see Giachini and Castellano 2011 (taxonomic classification for species in Gomphus s. l.), some
species edible (G. clavatus (Pers.) Gray), see Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), Makropoulou et al.
2012 (antioxidant and cytotoxic activity), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see
123
210
Villegas et al. 2010 (Mexico), Petersen et al. 2014b (North
America).
Goplana Racib. 1900, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 13 species, type species G. micheliae Racib.,
biotrophic on Asteraceae, Dioscoreaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Grossulariaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Meliosmaceae,
Rubiaceae, Vitaceae, terrestrial, worldwide, see Hernández
and Cline 2010 (replaced Goplana dioscoreae Cummins,
nom. illeg. with Goplana dioscoreae-alatae), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable.
Gramincola Velen. 1947, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. gracilis Velen., sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Grammatus H.S. Yuan & Decock 2018, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species G. labyrinthinus H.S. Yuan &
Decock, wood-inhabiting, southern, tropical China, basidiomas resupinate, subporoid hymenophore, sequence data
available, see Yuan et al. 2018 (phylogeny, taxonomy,
China).
Grammothele Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
20 species, type species G. lineata Berk. & M.A. Curtis,
resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
some species known as endophytes, widespread (tropical),
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy), medicinal use, see Das et al. 2017a (compound, paclitaxel, G. lineata), sequence data available, see
Zhou and Dai 2012a (phylogeny), Das et al. 2017a (draft
genome, G. lineata), new spp. see Zhou and Dai 2012a
(phylogeny, China), Karasiński 2015 (morphology, Bolivia), Ryvarden 2015a (morphology, Brazil, USA, Venezuela), Wu et al. 2016d (phylogeny, China), new
combination, see Li and Cui 2013b (phylogeny).
Grammothelopsis Jülich 1982, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species G. macrospora (Ryvarden) Jülich, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (Africa, South
America, China), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data avaiable, see
Li and Cui 2013b (phylogeny, Megasporoporia), new spp.
see Dai et al. 2011 (China), Zhao and Cui 2012 (China,
morphology).
Granulobasidium Jülich 1979, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. vellereum (Ellis & Cragin) Jülich, North
America, wood-decaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Nord et al. 2013, 2014 (compounds), sequence
data available, see Larsson 2007b (phylogeny).
Graphiola Poit. 1824, Graphiolaceae, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, twelve species, type species G.
phoenicis (Moug. ex Fr.) Poit., plant parasites (leaves) on
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Arecaceae, widespread in tropics and subtropics, cultures
available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014, Wang et al.
2015c (phylogeny), new spp. see Nasr et al. 2019.
Grifola Gray 1821, Grifolaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species G. frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, compound basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), some species edible, see
Montoya et al. 2012b (cultivation, G. frondosa), some
species medicinal use (G. frondosa, G. gargal Singer,
G. sordulenta (Mont.) Singer), see Zhuang and Wasser
2004 (G. frondosa, review), Postemsky and Curvetto 2016
(Grifola spp., Argentina), sequence data available, see
Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales), Justo et al.
2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Griseoporia Ginns 1984, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species G. carbonaria (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ginns,
sequence data available, new spp. see He et al. 2014
(phylogeny, taxonomy, genus accepted).
Guepinia Fr. 1825, incertae sedis Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species G. helvelloides (DC.) Fr., terricolous, probably
saprotrophic, sequence data available, Mattock 2006
(United Kingdom).
Guepiniopsis Pat. 1883, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type species G. tortus Pat., wood-decaying,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001,
new spp. see Delivorias et al. 2012 (Greece).
Gummiglobus Trappe, Castellano & Amar. 1996,
Mesophelliaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species G. joyceae
Trappe, Castellano & Amar, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka
et al. 2006 (phylogeny, gomphoid-phalloid fungi).
Gummivena Trappe & Bougher 2002, Mesophelliaceae,
Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species G. potorooi Trappe & Bougher,
Australia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Guyanagarika Sánchez-Garcı́a, T.W. Henkel & Aime
2016, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type species G.
aurantia Sánchez-Garcı́a, T.W. Henkel & Aime, associate
with species of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree genus
Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae), Pakaraima
Mountains of Guyana in the central Guiana Shield,
sequence data available, see Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2016
(monograph, new genus).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Guyanagaster T.W. Henkel, M.E. Sm. & Aime 2010,
Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species G. necrorhizus
T.W. Henkel, Aime & M.E. Sm., Guyana, basidioma
sequestrate, wood-decaying, sequence data available, see
Henkel et al. 2010a (monograph), Moreau et al. 2015b
(phylogeny), Koch et al. 2017 (phylogeny, biogeography).
Guyanaporus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. albipodus T.W. Henkel & Husbands, stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, South
America, sequence data available, see Henkel et al. 2016
(taxonomy).
Gymnoconia Lagerh. 1894 (= Arthuriomyces Cummins &
Y. Hirats. 1983, = Kunkelia Arthur 1917), Phragmidiaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species G.
interstitialis (Schltdl.) Lagerh., biotrophic on Rosaceae,
terrestrial, North America, Europe, Asia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
McLaughlin et al. 2017 (phylogeny).
Gymnoderma Humb. 1793, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species G. sinuatum Humb., Europe, woodrotting, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available.
Gymnogaster J.W. Cribb 1956, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. boletoides J.W. Cribb, Australia, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Halling et al. 2012b (Boletus, phylogeny), Wu et al. 2016f
(Boletus, phylogeny, China).
Gymnoglossum Massee 1891, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species G. stipitatum Massee, Australia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gymnopanella Sand.-Leiva, J.V. McDonald & Thorn
2016, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species G. nothofagi
P. Sandoval-Leiva, J.V. McDonald & Thorn, Chilean
Nothofagus forest, lignicolous, saprotrophic, sequence data
available, see Sandoval-Leiva et al. 2016 (new genus,
gymnopoid fungi, Omphalotaceae, Chile).
Gymnopaxillus E. Horak 1966, Serpulaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species G. morchelliformis E. Horak, South America
(temperate), Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Truong et al. 2017b
(DNA-barcoding).
Gymnopilus P. Karst. 1879, Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 200
species, type species G. liquiritiae (Pers.) P. Karst.,
worldwide, Lee et al. 2008a (compounds), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Guzmán-
211
Dávalos et al. 2008 (phylogeny), Holec et al. 2016 (Europe), new spp. see Guzmán-Dávalos et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Silva-Junior and Wartchow 2015 (Brazil).
Gymnopus (Pers.) Roussel (1806), Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 325
species, type species G. fusipes (Bull.) Gray, worldwide,
mostly saprotrophic, some species parasitic (G. fusipes),
some species edible (G. nubicola Halling), see Mata and
Ovrebo 2009 (Costa Rica, Panama), Antonı́n and
Noordeloos 2010 (Europe, monograph), Thongbai et al.
2013 (antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity), Tkalčec and
Mešić 2013 (type studies, new combinations), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Gamboa Trujillo et al. 2014 (using
of G. nubicola as food), Dutta et al. 2015c (phylogeny,
morphology, India), Ványolós et al. 2016 (compounds),
sequence data available, see Wilson and Desjardin 2005
(phylogeny), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe),
Noordeloos and Gates 2012b (key, Europe), Antonı́n et al.
2013, 2014a (Europe, Korea), new spp. see Antonı́n and
Legon 2008 (England), Mešić et al. 2011 (China), Cooper
and Leonard 2013 (New Zealand), Petersen et al. 2014b, c
(North America), Coimbra et al. 2015 (Brazil), Vizzini
et al. 2015c (Turkey), Deng et al. 2016 (China), Petersen
and Hughes 2016 (phylogeny, new section), Desjardin and
Perry 2017 (Republic of São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Africa),
Ryoo et al 2016 (Republic of Korea), Terashima et al. 2016
(Japan), César et al. 2018 (Mexico), new combinations see
Desjardin and Perry 2017 (West Africa).
Gymnosporangium R. Hedw. ex DC. 1805 (= Ceratitium
Rabenh. 1851 = Ceratitium Ces. 1879, = Ciglides Chevall.
1826, = Gymnotelium Syd. 1921, = Podisoma Link 1809),
Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 64 species,
type species G. fuscum DC. [current name: G. sabinae
(Dicks.) G. Winter 1884], asexual morph Roestelia pro
parte, biotrophic on Cupressaceae, Rosaceae (alternate
hosts), Hydrangeaceae, Myricaceae, terrestrial, north temperate areas including Asia, Europe, North America, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
new spp. see Yun et al. 2009 (lectotype specimens,
molecular analysis, key to species in Korea), Cao et al
2016, 2017a (phylogeny, China), Shen et al. 2018c (phylogeny, China).
Gyrodon Opat. 1836, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species G. sistotremoides Opat., widespread, some species
edible (G. lividus (Bull.) Fr.), see Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Kennedy et al. 2011 (ecology),
Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcoding), Roy et al. 2013
(ecology), Wu et al. 2014b (phylogeny).
Gyrodontium Pat. 1900, Coniophoraceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species G. henningsii (Bres.) Pat., widespread, see
123
212
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Carlier et al. 2004
(phylogeny, Etiopia), Valenzuela et al. 2013b (new
records, Mexico).
Gyroflexus Raithelh. 1981, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species G. brevibasidiatus (Singer) Raithelh.,
wood-rotting, widespread, sequence data available, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Larsson et al. 2006
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Gyrophanopsis Jülich 1979, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species G. zealandica (G. Cunn.) Jülich, corticioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, widespread, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Gyroporus Quél. 1886, Gyroporaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 24 species, type
species G. cyanescens (Bull.) Quél., poroid, ectomycorrhizal, widespread, some species edible (G. cyanescens
(Bull.) Quél.), see Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), some medicinal use (G. castaneus (Bull.: Fr.)
Quél), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms,
China), Davoodian and Halling 2013 (taxonomy), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, new
spp. see Das et al. 2017b (Indian Himalaya), Davoodian
2018 (monograph, phylogeny).
Haasiella Kotl. & Pouzar 1966, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species H. splendidissima Kotl. & Pouzar,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vizzini et al. 2012c (monograph, phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph,
Hygrophoraceae).
Haddowia Steyaert 1972, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species H. longipes (Lév.) Steyaert, stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread (pantropical), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, see CostaRezende et al. 2017 (phylogeny, systematics).
Haglerozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species H. chiarellii (Pagnocca, Legaspe, A. Rodrigues &
Ruivo) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout, yeast, insect, Brazil, cultures and sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Hallenbergia Dhingra & Priyanka 2011, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. singularis Dhingra &
Priyanka, basidioma corticioid, Bhutan, sequence data
unavailable, see Dhingra 2012b (monograph).
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Hallingea Castellano 1996, Gallaceaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species H. purpurea (Zeller & C.W. Dodge) Castellano, America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006, 2008
(phylogeny, phylogeography).
Haloaleurodiscus N. Maek., Suhara & K. Kinjo 2005,
incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species H. mangrovei N.
Maek., Suhara & K. Kinjo, wood-decaying, Asia, sequence
data available, see Maekawa et al. 2005 (phylogeny).
Halobasidium Z. Guo, Y.R. Wang, Q.C. Hou, W.C. Li,
H.J. Zhao, Z.H. Sun & Z.D. Zhang 2019, Cystobasidiaceae,
Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, one species, type species H. xiangyangense Z.
Guo, Y.R. Wang, Q.C. Hou, W.C. Li, H.J. Zhao, Z.H. Sun
& Z.D. Zhang, yeast, salty sause, China, sequence data
available, see Guo et al. 2019 (taxonomy).
Halocyphina Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. 1965, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species H. villosa Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., USA,
marine, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Yamaguchi et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Hamamotoa Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Chrysozymaceae, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species,
type species H. singularis (Phaff & Carmo Souza) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, worldwide,
yeast, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al.
2015e (phylogeny), new spp. see Yurkov et al. 2016.
Hamaspora Körn. 1877 (= Hamasporella Höhn. 1912),
Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 15 species,
type species H. longissima (Thüm.) Körn., biotrophic on
Rubus (Rosaceae), terrestrial, Africa, Asia, Australasia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see McTaggart et al. 2016a (phylogeny, evolution).
Hannaella F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008, Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, eleven species, type species H. sinensis (M.X.
Li) F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang, worldwide, yeast, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang and Bai 2008 (taxonomy and phylogeny), Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Hapalophragmium Syd. & P. Syd. 1901, (= Hapalophragmiopsis Thirum. 1950; = Triactella Syd. 1921),
Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 18 species,
type species H. derridis Syd. & P. Syd., biotrophic on
Fabaceae, terrestrial, Africa, Asia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Hapalopilus P. Karst. 1881, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven
species, type species H. nidulans (Fr.) P. Karst. [current
name: H. rutilans (Pers.) Murrill], poroid hymenophore,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), some
species poisonous, see Villa et al. 2013 (polyporic acid,
report, H. rutilans), sequence data available, see Ryvarden
and Melo 2014 (new combination, morphology), Miettinen
et al. 2016a (new sp., new combinations, phylogeny,
morphology).
Haploporus Bondartsev & Singer 1944, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species H. odorus (Sommerf.) Bondartsev &
Singer, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), ethnomycological use, see Blanchette 1997 (North America,
H. odorus), sequence data available, see Shen et al. 2016
(new spp., phylogeny, monograph, China).
Harmajaea Dima, P. Alvarado & Kekki 2018, Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species H. harperi (Murrill)
Dima & P. Alvarado, North America and North Europe, on
thick forest litter, saprotrophic, sequence data available,
see Alvarado et al. 2018b (taxonomy).
Harrya Halling, Nuhn & Osmundson 2012, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six
species, type species H. chromapes (Frost) Halling, Nuhn,
Osmundson & Manfr. Binder, stipitate-pileate, North
America, China, sequence data available, see Halling et al.
2012b (monograph), new spp. see Wu et al. 2016f (China).
Hasegawazyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, Erythrobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species H. lactosa (Hasegawa) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, cultures and sequence data
available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Hastodontia (Parmasto) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2009,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species H.
halonata (J. Erikss. & Hjortstam) Hjortstam & Ryvarden,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Hjortstam and
Ryvarden 2009c, Riebesehl and Langer 2017 (Hyphodontia
s.l., phylogeny), Yurchenko et al. 2017.
Hauerslevia P. Roberts 1998, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species H. pulverulenta (Hauerslev) P. Roberts,
Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Hymenogastraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
190 species, type species H. fastibile (Pers.) P. Kumm.,
worldwide, poison pie (H. crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quél.),
see Hall et al. 2003 (poisonous mushrooms), ectomycorrhizal, see Eberhardt et al. 2009 (species associated with
Cistus), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
213
available, Eberhardt et al. 2013, 2015a, b, 2016 (Europe,
section Theobromina, section Denudata), Rees et al. 2013
(phylogeny), Grilli et al. 2016 (Europe, sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes), new spp. see Eberhardt and
Beker 2010 (Europe), Beker et al. 2016 (Europe), Moreno
et al. 2017a (Europe).
Heimiomyces Singer 1942, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. seven species, type species H. rheicolor (Berk.) Singer [current
name: Xeromphalina tenuipes (Schwein.) A.H. Sm.],
sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Cooper 2014c (new combination).
Heimioporus E. Horak 2004, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species H. retisporus (Pat. & C.F. Baker) E. Horak, stipitate-pileate, sequence data available, phylogeny and new
spp. see Halling et al. 2015 (Australia).
Heinemannomyces Watling 1999, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species H. splendidissima Watling, Peninsular
Malaysia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vellinga et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Zhao
et al. 2016f (phylogeny).
Helicobasidium Pat. 1885, Helicobasidiaceae, Helicobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, c. six species, type species H.
purpureum (Tul.) Pat. 1885, worldwide, pathogenic, see
Soni and Verma 2010 (root rot, India), Hong et al. 2011
(violet root rot, Korea), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Lutz et al. 2004 (phylogeny).
Heitmania X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & T.
Boekhout 2018, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, three species, type species H. litseae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & T. Boekhout, three species, yeast, plant material,
China, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al.
2017f (description, phylogeny).
Helicogloea Pat. 1892, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales,
Atractiellomycetes, asexual morph known, 25 species, type
species H. lagerheimii Pat., presumable saprobic, on
decaying plant remnants, on (decaying) fungi, worldwide,
sequence data available, see Bauer et al. 2006 (phylogeny),
see Aime et al. 2018c (phylogeny, taxonomy), new spp. see
Schoutteten et al. 2018 (Belgium), Spirin et al. 2018c
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Helicomyxa R. Kirschner & Chee J. Chen 2004, Hyaloriaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph, one
species, type species H. everhartioides R. Kirschner &
Chee J. Chen, China, wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Kirschner and Chen 2004 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Heliocybe Redhead & Ginns 1985, Gloeophyllaceae,
Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexaul morph unknown,
one species, type species H. sulcata (Berk.) Redhead &
Ginns, brown rot, wood-rotting, sequence data available,
123
214
see Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Gloeophyllales, brown rot Agaricomycotina), new spp. see Zhang
et al. 2018 (China).
Heliogaster Orihara & K. Iwase 2010, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species H. columellifer (Kobayasi) Orihara & K.
Iwase, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal, Asia, sequence data
available, see Orihara et al. 2010 (taxonomy).
Helvellosebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess 2014,
Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species H. helvelloides
(Schwein.) Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess, worldwide, ectomycorrhizal, sequence data available, see Oberwinkler
et al. 2014 (new combination, phylogeny).
Hemigaster Juel 1895, Hemigasteraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species H. candidus Juel, Sweden, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Hemileccinum Šutara 2008, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species H. impolitum (Fr.) Šutara, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, Europe, North America, Asia, sequence data
available, see Halling et al. 2015 (new combination), Wu
et al. 2016f (phylogeny, new combination and new sp.,
Asia).
Hemileia Berk. & Broome 1869 (= Hemileiopsis Racib.
1900, = Wardia J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen, in Cummins
& Hiratsuka 2003 [nom. inval.]), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph previously
known in Wardia J.F. Hennen & M.M. Hennen, c. 55
species, type species H. vastatrix Berk. & Broome, biotrophic on Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Rubiaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics,
especially Africa and Asia, see Mohanan 2010 (new species), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Judith and Rossman 2014 (new combinations based on one fungus, one
name concept), sequence data available, see Carvalho et al.
2011 (genetic diversity, coffee rust).
Hemimycena Singer 1938, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species,
type species H. lactea (Pers.) Singer, worldwide, see
Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004 (Europe), Læssøe and
Elborne 2012 (key), Malysheva and Morozova 2009
(European Russia, notes), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002
(phylogeny), Walther et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Matheny
et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA
barcode), new spp. see Niveiro et al. 2014a (Atlantic Forest), Lehmann and Lüderitz 2018 (Germany).
Hemistropharia Jacobsson & E. Larss. 2007, Tubariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species H. albocrenulata (Peck) Jacobsson &
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
E. Larss., sequence data available, see Jacobsson and
Larsson 2007 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Hennenia Buriticá 1995, incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species H. ditelia Buriticá,
biotrophic on Annonaceae (Annona), terrestrial, Colombia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Henningsia Möller 1895, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species H. brasiliensis (Speg.) Speg., merulioid to
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (Neotropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
unavailable, new spp. see Gibertoni and Ryvarden 2014
(morphology).
Henningsomyces Kuntze 1898, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 21 species,
type species H. candidus (Pers.) Kuntze, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid
homobasidiomycetes), Wei and Qin 2009 (cyphelloid
fungi, China).
Hericium Pers. 1794, Hericiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 23 species, type
species H. coralloides (Scop.) Pers., wood-decaying,
worldwide, some species edible (H. alpestre Pers.), some
species of medicinal use (H. coralloides (Scop.: Fr.) Pers.),
see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China),
Mori et al. 2008b (natural products), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Khan et al. 2013 (H. erinaceus
(Bull.) Pers.), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003, Park et al.
2004, Miller et al. 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see Das
et al. 2011, 2013b (Sikkim Himalaya, India), Hallenberg
et al. 2013 (southern South America).
Herpobasidium Lind 1908, Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales,
Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species H. filicinum
(Rostr.) Lind, worldwide, sequence data availabnle, see
Maier et al. 2003 (phylogeny), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Hermanssonia Zmitr. 2018, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, one
species, type species H. centrifuga (P. Karst.) Zmitr.,
phlebioid basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Heteroacanthella Oberw. 1990 (= Acanthellorhiza P.
Roberts 1999 fide Art. 59.1), incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph previously known in
Acanthellorhiza P. Roberts 1999, three species, type species H. variabilis Oberw. & Langer, China, USA, British
Isles, lichenicolous basidiomycete (H. ellipsospora), see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
new spp. see Zamora and Pérez-Ortega 2014 (Spain).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Heterobasidion Bref. 1888, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species H. annosum (Fr.) Bref., worldwide, wood-decaying, some species cause root rot, see Vainio et al. 2011
(host diversity), Garbelotto and Gonthier 2013 (pathogenic), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Dalman et al. 2010 (evolutionary history, H.
annosum s. l.), Olson et al. 2012 (genome), Chen et al.
2015d (monograph), new spp. see Dai and Korhonen 2009
(derived from the H. insulare complex), Tokuda et al. 2009
(East Asia), Otrosina and Garbelotto 2010 (North America), Chen et al. 2014 (eastern Himalayas).
Heterocephalacria Berthier 1980, Filobasidiaceae,
Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morph
known, eight species, type species H. solida Berthier,
yeast, mycoparasite, worldwide, cultures and sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Heterochaete Pat. 1892, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species H. andina Pat. & Lagerh., widespread (esp.
tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Sotome et al. 2014 (Asian species,
poroid Auriculariales, phylogeny), Bandara et al. 2017
(Thailand, phylogeny).
Heterodoassansia Vánky 1993, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, eight species, type species H.
morotiana (Zundel) Vánky, plant parasites (leaves, petioles
and stems) on various aquatic or paludal mono- and dicots,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Heteromycophaga P. Roberts 1997, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two
species, type species H. glandulosae P. Roberts, Great
Britain, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Heteroradulum Lloyd ex Spirin & Malysheva 2017,
Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexul
morph unknown, seven species, type species H. kmetii
(Bres.) Spirin & Malysheva, wood-rotting, on dry branches
and logs of deciduous trees, sequence data available, see
Malysheva and Spirin 2017 (stereoid fungi, Auriculariales,
phylogeny).
Heterorepetobasidium Chee J. Chen & Oberw. 2002, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species H. subglobosum
Chee J. Chen & Oberw., China, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Heteroscypha Oberw. & Agerer 1979, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. applanata (P.H.B. Talbot)
Oberw. & Agerer, S. Africa, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
215
Heterotextus Lloyd 1922, Dacrymycetaceae, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species,
type species H. flavus Lloyd, wood-decaying, sequence
data available, see Shirouzu et al. 2017 (phylogeny).
Heterotolyposporium Vánky 1997, Anthracoideaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species
H. lepidospermatis Vánky, plant parasites (various plant
parts) on genera Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) and Juncus
(Juncaceae), Southern Africa, Australasia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a
(taxonomy).
Hexagonia Fr. 1835, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species H. hirta (P. Beauv.) Fr., poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (esp. tropical), see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new sp. see Härkönen et al. 2015
(morphology, Zambia).
Hiatulopsis Singer & Grinling 1967, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species H. amara (Beeli) Singer & Grinling,
Brazil, Congo, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Hirticlavula J.H. Petersen & Læssøe 2014, Clavariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species H. elegans J.H. Petersen & Læssøe,
Denmark, Norway, clavarioid, sequence data available, see
Petersen et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Hispidaedalea Y.C. Dai & S.H. He 2014, Gloeophyllaceae,
Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. imponens (Ces.) Y.C. Dai &
S.H. He, wood-decaying, China, sequence data available,
see He et al. 2014 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Hispidocalyptella E. Horak & Desjardin 1994, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species H. australis E. Horak
& Desjardin, saprophytic, Australia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Hobsonia Berk. ex Massee 1891, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales, Atractiellomycetes, possibly synonym of Helicogloea, only known as hyphomecetous asexual morph,
sexual morph unknown, two species, type species H. mirabilis (Peck) Linder, presumably saprobic, on plant material, wide spread (mainly tropical but recent discoveries in
Europe), sequence data available, see Sikaroodi et al. 2001
(phylogeny, lichenicolous fungi), Kirschner 2004 (phylogeny), Aime et al. 2018c (phylogeny).
Hodophilus R. Heim 1958, Clavariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species H. foetens (W. Phillips) Birkebak & Adamcı́k,
wordwide, sequence data avaialble, new spp., new
123
216
combination see Birkebak et al. 2016 (Clavariaceae, phylogeny, new genus), Adamčı́k et al. 2016a, 2017a, b (North
America, Hodophilus with naphthalene odours, Europe, H.
foetens complex).
Hoehnelogaster Lohwag 1926, Paxillaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species H. microsporus Lohwag, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Hohenbuehelia Schulzer 1866 (= Nematoctonus Drechsler
1941), Pleurotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph was previously known in Nematoctonus Drechsler,
c. 50 species, type species H. petaloides (Bull.) Schulzer,
worldwide, some species edible, mukitake, H. serotina
(Pers.) Singer [current name Sarcomyxa serotina (Pers.) P.
Karst.], see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Henrici
2009 (Britain), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Koziak et al. 2007 (phylogeny), new
spp. see Liu and Bau 2009 (China).
Holocotylon Lloyd 1906, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species H. brandegeeanum Lloyd, subtropical America, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Bates et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Holtermannia Sacc. & Traverso 1910, Holtermanniaceae,
Holtermanniales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, eight species, type species H. pinguis
(Holterm.) Sacc. & Traverso, gelatinous fruiting bodies,
yeast, southeast Asia, Brazil, see Kurtzman et al. 2011
(taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see
Wuczkowski et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Kurtzman and
Boekhout 2017 (overview).
Holtermanniella Libkind, Wuczk., Turchetti & Boekhout
2011, Holtermanniaceae, Holtermanniales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, five species, type species H. takashimae Wuczkowski, Passoth, Andersson,
Turchetti, Prillinger, Boekhout, yeast, soil, widespread,
cultures and sequence data available, see Wuczkowski
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Liu et al. 2015b (phylogeny).
Homophron (Britzelm.) Örstadius & E. Larss. 2015,
Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species H. spadiceum
(P. Kumm.) Örstadius & E. Larss., in Örstadius, Ryberg &
Larsson, worldwide, sequence data available, see Örstadius
et al. 2015 (phylogeny, Psathyrellaceae, psathyrelloid
species).
Horakiella Castellano & Trappe 1992, Sclerodermataceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species H. clelandii (Rodway) Castellano &
Trappe, Australia, basidiomas sequestrate, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, new
spp. see Trappe et al. 2010 (Australian outback, African
Kalahari).
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Hormographiella Guarro & Gené 1992, Psathyrellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Coprinellus P.
Karst. 1879, three species, type species H. aspergillata
Guarro, Gené & De Vroey, worldwide, some species
pathogenic (H. aspergillata Guarro, Gené & De Vroey),
see Conen et al. 2011 (human pathogen), Suarez et al. 2011
(human pathogen), sequence data available, see Irinyi et al.
2015 (DNA barcode, human pathogen).
Hormomyces Bonord. 1851, Tremellaceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, six species, type
species H. aurantiacus Bonord., worldwide, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Hornodermoporus Teixeira 1993, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species H. martius (Berk.) Teixeira, perennial
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (pantropical), see Vizzini 2015 (taxonomy),
sequence data available, see Zhao and Cui 2013c (phylogeny, Perenniporia s. l.), Zhao et al. 2015b (phylogeny,
Abundisporus).
Hortiboletus Simonini, Vizzini & Gelardi 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species H. rubellus
(Krombh.) Simonini, Vizzini & Gelardi, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, North America, Asia, sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2016f (phylogeny, new
combination and new spp., Asia), new sp. see Das et al.
2016 (Asia).
Hourangia Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. Yang 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species H. cheoi (W.F. Chiu) Xue T. Zhu &
Zhu L. Yang, China, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal,
Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, sequence data available, see
Wu et al. 2014b (phylogeny), Zhu et al. 2015 (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Humidicutis (Singer) Singer 1959, Hygrophoraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
twelve species, type species H. marginata (Peck) Singer,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Matheny and Bougher 2006 (phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy,
Hygrophoraceae), Lavorato et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Humphreya Steyaert 1972, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species H. lloydii (Pat. & Har.) Steyaert, stipitate
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, terrestrial, white rot,
widespread (pantropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data unavailable, see Costa-Rezende
et al. 2017 (phylogeny, systematics).
Hyalodon Malysheva & Spirin 2018, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species H. piceicola (Kühner ex Bourdot)
Malysheva & Spirin., East Asia and Europe, wood-rotting,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequence date available, see Malysheva et al. 2018
(taxonomy).
Hyalopsora Magnus 1902, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 21 species, type species H. aspidiotus
(Peck) Magnus, biotrophic on Pinaceae (alternate hosts),
Polypodiaceae, terrestrial, see Berndt 2008b (new name),
Saba et al. 2012 (new name), sequence data available, see
Padamsee and Mckenzie 2014 (phylogeny).
Hyalopycnis Höhn. 1918, Heterogastridiaceae, Heterogastridiales, Microbotryomycetes, asexual morph known,
one species, type species H. pycnidioideum Oberw. & R.
Bauer, mycoparasitic, isolated from other fungi and
decaying plant material, distribution north temperate, see
Aime et al. 2018b (competing names), sequence data
available, see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al.
2006 (phylogeny, simple-septate basidiomycetes), Aime
et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Hyaloria Möller 1895, Hyaloriaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species H. pilacre Möller, wood-decaying, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001 (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Hybogaster Singer 1964, Hybogasteraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species H. giganteus Singer, terrestrial, Europe, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
unavailable.
Hydnangium Wallr. 1839, Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species H. carneum Wallr., worldwide, sequence data
available, new spp. see Cooper 2014b (New Zealand).
Hydnellum P. Karst. 1879, Bankeraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 39 species, type
species H. suaveolens (Scop.) P. Karst., worldwide, terrestrial and ectomycorrhizal, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Baird et al. 2013a
(phylogeny).
Hydnochaete Bres. 1896, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. badia Bres., wood-rotting,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, new spp. see Dai and Li 2010
(China), considered as a synonym of Hymenochaete Lév in
Baltazar et al. 2014b (phylogeny and taxonomy).
Hydnocristella R.H. Petersen 1971, Lentariaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species H. himantia (Schwein.) R.H. Petersen,
wood-decaying, North Americal, China, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Jang
et al. 2016, new spp. see Chen et al. 2015c (China).
Hydnodon Banker 1913, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
217
type species H. thelephorus (Lév.) Banker, wood-decaying,
Europe, sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2011
(phylogeny).
Hydnomerulius Jarosch & Besl 2001, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species H. pinastri (Fr.) Jarosch & Besl,
sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Nuhn et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Boletineae).
Hydnophanerochaete Sheng H. Wu & C.C. Chen 2018,
Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, one species,
type species H. odontoidea (Sheng H. Wu) Sheng H. Wu &
C.C. Chen, see Chen et al. 2018 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Hydnophlebia Parmasto 1967, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species H. chrysorhiza (Torr.) Parmasto, resupinate
basidioma, hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Floudas
and Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny, Phanerochaete, part of the
phlebia clade), Yuan et al. 2017b (phylogeny), new spp.
see Telleria et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Macaronesian Islands,
monograph).
Hydnopolyporus D.A. Reid 1962, Irpicaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species H. fimbriatus (Cooke) D.A. Reid, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (tropical), edible species
(H. fimbriatus), see Sanuma et al. 2016 (edible mushrooms,
Brazil), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Sjökvist
et al. 2012 (phylogeny, stipitate stereoid fungi).
Hydnum L. 1753, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 49 species, type
species H. repandum L., ectomycorrhizal, widespread,
some species edible (H. repandum L.), see Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Feng et al. 2016
(phylogeny), Pérez-Izquierdo et al. 2017 (phylogenetic
marker), new spp. see Olariaga et al. 2012 (Iberian
Peninsula), Vizzini et al. 2013c (Italy), Yanaga et al. 2015
(Japan), Buyck et al. 2017 (USA), Niskanen et al. 2018
(North America, Europe), Wang et al. 2018e (India).
Hydrophana V. Malysheva & Spirin 2019, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. sphaerospora (Bourdot &
Galzin) V. Malysheva & Spirin, Europe (Denmark, France,
Norway), saprobic, on fallen logs and twigs of deciduous
trees in moist places, sequence data available, see Spirin
et al. 2019b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Hydropus Kühner ex Singer 1948, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 100
species, type species H. fuliginarius (Batsch) Singer,
worldwide, saprophytic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Matheny et al. 2006
123
218
(phylogeny), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode), see
Kluthe et al. 2016 (Kenya), Antonı́n et al. 2019 (phylogeny), new spp. see Gminder 2013 (Germany), Pinheiro
et al. 2013 (Brazil)
Hygroaster Singer 1955, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species H. nodulisporus (Dennis) Singer, tropical
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy, Hygrophoraceae), new spp. see Vrinda et al. 2012
(India).
Hygrocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 120
species, type species H. conica (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., two
subgenera, Hygrocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. and Pseudohygrocybe Bon, seven sections, worldwide, ectomycorrhizal,
waxcap, Vrinda et al. 2009 (India), Ronikier and Borgen
2010 (Poland), Halbwachs et al. 2013 (habitats), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Babos
et al. 2011 (phylogeny, taxonomy), Lodge et al. 2014
(phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), new spp. see
Læssøe and Boertmann 2008 (Ecuador), Senthilarasu et al.
2010b (India), Wang et al. 2013a, 2015a (China), Vizzini
et al. 2015b (Brazil).
Hygrophorocybe Vizzini & Contu 2014, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species H. nivea (Velen.) Vizzini & Contu, on
litter, usually in conifer woods, sequence data unavailable,
see Vizzini and Contu 2014.
Hygrophoropsis (J. Schröt.) Maire ex Martin-Sans 1929,
Hygrophoropsidaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, 16 species, type species H. aurantiaca
(Wulfen) Maire, widespread, some species edible (H.
aurantiaca (Wulfen) Maire), see Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Holec and Kolařı́k 2013a
(Czech Republic, phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Větrovský et al. 2016 (ecology), Truong et al.
2017b (diversity).
Hygrophorus Fr. 1836, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 200 species,
type species H. eburneus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr., three subgenera:
Hygrophorus [autonym] 1849, Colorati (Bataille) E. Larss.
2014, Camarophylli Fr. 1849 emend. 2014, nine sections,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, some species edible (H.
eburneus (Bull.) Fr.), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Ouzouni et al. 2009 (compounds), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Dentinger et al. 2011 (DNA
barcode), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zhu et al. 2013
(compounds), sequence data available, see Lodge et al.
2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), new spp.
see Larsson et al. 2014a (Finland), Endo et al. 2018 (Japan), Huang et al. 2018 (China), Larsson et al. 2018b
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(North Europe, phylogeny, new species), Pierre-Arthur
et al. 2018 (Europe, North America, phylogeny, new sp.),
Sesli et al. 2018a (Turkey).
Hymenagaricus Heinem. 1981, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species H. hymenopileus (Heinem.) Heinem., tropical
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Zhao
et al. 2010 (phylogeny), new spp. see Ge et al. 2008a
(China), Mwanga and Tibuhwa 2014 (Tanzania).
Hymenoboletus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species H. luteopurpureus Y.C. Li & Zhu L.
Yang, stipitate-pileate, China, sequence data available, see
Wu et al. 2016f (monograph, boletes).
Hymenochaete Lév. 1846, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
149 species, type species H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lév.,
basidioma resupinate, pileate or stipitate, hymenophore
smooth, rugose, raduloide to hydnoide, wood-rotting, white
rot, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see He and Dai 2012 (taxonomy, phylogeny,
China, Hymenochaetaceae), Parmasto 2013, Parmasto
et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see He and Li 2011
(China), Gomes-Silva et al. 2012a (new combination, key,
Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest, Brazil), Pan and Zhou
2016 (Thailand), He et al. 2017b (China), Nie et al. 2017
(on bamboos, east Asia), new spp. Contreras-Pacheco et al.
2018 (morphology, Mexico).
Hymenochaetopsis S.H. He & Jiao Yang 2016 (= Pseudochaete T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2002), Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 16 species, type species H. tabacina (Sowerby)
S.H. He & Jiao Yang, be proposed to replace Pseudochaete, wood-rotting, white rot, sequence data available,
see He and Li 2013b (new spp., China, as Pseudochaete),
Yang et al. 2016b (phylogeny, new spp., China).
Hymenogaster Vittad. 1831, Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 170
species, type species H. citrinus Vittad., false truffles,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Stielow et al. 2011
(monograph).
Hymenogloea Pat. 1900, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species H. riofrioi (Pat.) Pat., saprophytic, tropical
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
Recognized as a synonym of Marasmius (Desjardin
unpubl. data)
Hymenogramme Mont. & Berk. 1844, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species H. javensis Mont. & Berk.,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
resupinate basidioma, hymenophore consisting of long
anastomosing sterile ridges, wood-rotting, Southeast Asia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Hymenopellis R.H. Petersen 2010, Physalacriaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
50 species, type species H. radicata (Relhan) R.H. Petersen, worldwide, sequence data available, see Petersen and
Hughes 2010 (taxonomy).
Hymenoporus Tkalčec, Mešić & Chun Y. Deng 2015,
Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, aseuxal
morph unknown, one species, type species H. paradoxus
Tkalčec, Mešić & Chun Y. Deng, saprobic, poroid hymenophore adnate to a free collarium, China, sequence data
available, see Tkalčec et al. 2015 (monograph).
Hyphoderma Wallr. 1833, Hyphodermataceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20
species (genus shown to be polyphyletic, see Justo et al.
2017), type species H. setigerum (Fr.) Donk, basidioma
corticioid, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al.
2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see Dhingra et al.
2009 (morphology, India), Hjortstam et al. 2009 (morphology, corticioid fungi, Kimberley region, Western
Australia), Singh et al. 2010b (morphology, India), Dhingra
2012a (morphology, India), Tellerı́a et al. 2012a (new
combination, phylogeny, Canary Island), Yurchenko and
Wu 2014b, c (morphology, China), Kaur et al. 2015c
(morphology, India), new combinations see Nakasone 2008
(type study, H. crustulinum), Baltazar et al. 2016 (type
study, H. cinereoalbum, H. molliusculum).
Hyphodermella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species H. corrugata (Fr.) J.
Erikss. & Ryvarden, worldwide, white-rot corticioid fungus, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Telleria et al. 2010a (morphology, phylogeny, Western Mediterranean area), new spp. see Duhem
and Buyck 2011d (morphology, France), Zhao et al. 2017a
(phyogeny, China).
Hyphodontia J. Erikss. 1958, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 86
species, type species H. pallidula (Bres.) J. Erikss., woodrotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Yurchenko and Wu 2016 (key), sequence data available,
new spp. see Yurchenko and Wu 2014a (China), Riebesehl
et al. 2015 (La Réunion), Chen et al. 2016d, 2017a (China),
Wang and Chen 2017 (China).
Hyphodontiastra Hjortstam 1999, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species H. virgicola Hjortstam & Melo,
corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
219
Hyphodontiella Å. Strid 1975, Clavariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species H. multiseptata A. Strid, Nordic, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Larsson 2007b (phylogeny).
Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 45
species, type species H. fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm.,
saprotroph, worldwide, see Cortez and Silveira 2007
(Brazil), Antonı́n et al. 2009 (central Europa, new sp.),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Ramı́rez-Cruz et al. 2013a (phylogeny), Matheny et al.
2015 (phylogeny).
Hyphoradulum Pouzar 1987, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species H. conspicuum Pouzar [current name Pseudolagarobasidium conspicuum (Pouzar) Nakasone], Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Hypochnella J. Schröt. 1888, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species H. violacea Auersw. ex J. Schröt., Europe, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, new spp. see Coelho et al. 2010 (Brazil and
Argentina).
Hypochniciellum Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species H. ovoideum (Jülich)
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al.
2010 (phylogeny).
Hypochnicium J. Erikss. 1958, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 30 species
(needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see
Justo et al. 2017), type species H. bombycinum (Sommerf.)
J. Erikss., corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales),
new spp. see Tellerı́a et al. 2010b (re-evaluation, phylogeny, Bioko, Spain), Crous et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
Chile), Gorjón and Hallenberg 2013 (morphology, Chile),
Jang et al. 2013b (phylogeny, East Asia), Adamčı́k et al.
2015 (phylogeny, China), new combinations see Gorjón
and Greslebin 2012 (type study, morphology, New
Zealand).
Hypsizygus Singer 1947, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species H. tessulatus (Bull.) Singer, worldwide, some
species edible, shimeji (H. marmoreus (Peck) H.
E. Bigelow), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai
et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), some medical
use, Bunashimeji (H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow), see
Mori et al. 2008a (medical study), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
123
220
accepted), sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2009
(species genetic study), Qiu et al. 2014 (species genetic
study), Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae),
Bellanger et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Hysterangium Vittad. 1831, Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 54
species, type species H. clathroides Vittad., worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available
see Hosaka et al. 2008 (biogeography), Brock et al. 2009
(DNA barcoding), Giachini et al. 2010 (phylogeny),
Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcoding), Smith et al. 2013
(phylogeny), new spp. see Guevara-Guerrero et al. 2008
(Mexico), Elliott et al. 2015 (Australia), Voglmayr and
Clémençon 2016 (North America and Europe).
Ileodictyon Tul. & C. Tul. 1844, Phallaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species I. cibarium Tul. & C. Tul, terrestrial, widespread (esp. southern hemisphere), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka
et al. 2006 (phylogeny, gomphoid-phalloid fungi), Giachini
et al. 2010 (phylogeny Gomphales).
Imleria Vizzini 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species I. badia (Fr.) Vizzini, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, Europe, North America, Asia, I. badia widely consumed, see Boa 2004, Bessette et al. 2017 (Eastern North
America), sequence data available, see Nuhn et al. 2013,
Wu et al. 2014b, 2016f (phylogeny), new spp. and combinations see Zhu et al. 2014 (Asia).
Imperator G. Koller, Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa, Loizides,
G. Marques, P.-A. Moreau, J.A. Muñoz, Oppicelli, Puddu
& F. Richard 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species I.
torosus (Fr.) Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa, Courtec., G. Koller, Loizides, G. Marques, J.A. Muñoz, N. Oppicelli, D.
Puddu, F. Rich. & P.-A. Moreau, sequence data avaiblable,
see Assyov et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Incrustocalyptella Agerer 1983, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species I. columbiana Agerer, Colombia, Papua New
Guinea, Hawaiian, USA, Thailand, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Incrustoporia Domański 1963, Incrustoporiaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species I. stellae (Pilát) Domański, the generic limit of Incrustoporia is not currently settled, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, sequence data available, see
Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales), new combinations see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Indoporus A. Parihar, K. Das, Hembrom & Vizzini 2018,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species I. shoreae A. Parihar,
K. Das, Hembrom & Vizzini, epigeous, ectomycorrhizal
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with dipterocarps, tropical India, sequence data available,
see Parihar et al. 2018b (taxonomy).
Inflatostereum D.A. Reid 1965, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species I. glabrum (Pat.) D.A. Reid, stipitate
stereoid basidioma, smooth hymenophore, wood-rotting,
widespread (America, Asia), sequence data unavailable,
see Sjökvist et al. 2012 (phylogeny, stipitate stereoid
fungi), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Infundibulicybe Harmaja 2003, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 22 species, type
species I. geotropa (Bull.) Harmaja, worldwide, some
species edible (I. gibba (Pers.) Kumm and I. catinus (Fr.)
Harmaja), see Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), sequence data available, new spp. see Vizzini et al.
2011d (Italy), Zhao et al. 2016e (China).
Ingoldiella D.E. Shaw 1972, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Sistotrema Fr. 1821, three
species, type species I. hamata D.E. Shaw, Australia, some
species with antibacterial activity (I. hamata), see Sridhar
2012, sequence data unavailable.
Ingoldiomyces Vánky 1996, Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species I. hyalosporus (Massee) Vánky, plant parasite (leaves) on genera
Nassella, Piptochaetium and Stipa (Poaceae), South
America, North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Inocutis Fiasson & Niemelä 1984, Hymenochaetaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, nine species, type species I. rheades (Pers.)
Fiasson & Niemelä, basidioma pielate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, white rot, worldwide, see Ghobad-Nejhad and Kotiranta 2008 (Iran, key), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Brazee 2015
(Northen North America), new spp. see Valenzuela et al.
2013a (México).
Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. 1863, Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 1000 species, type
species I. relicina (Fr.) Quél., ectomycorrhizal, worldwide,
see Zhao et al. 2009 (toxic compounds), Lurie et al. 2009
(poisoning case overview), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Ryberg et al. 2008 (DNA
barcoding, phylogeny), Larsson et al. 2009b (monograph,
section Rimosae), Matheny et al. 2009 (biogeography),
Cripps et al. 2010 (Rocky Mountains, subgenus Mallocybe), Ferrari 2010 (Europe, monograph, morphology, new
sp.), Matheny and Bougher 2010 (Australia, type study),
Petersen et al. 2010 (Crepidotaceae, phylogeny, taxonomy), Ryberg et al. 2010 (Inocybaceae, evolution, morphology, ecology), Ferrari et al. 2014 (Europe, monograph,
morphology, new sp.), Larsson et al. 2014b (phylogeny,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
morphology, new combination, epitype designation),
Horak et al. 2015 (Thailand, Malaysia, monograph), Latha
and Manimohan 2017 (India), Ludwig 2017 (Europe,
monograph, new spp.), Matheny and Bougher 2017, 2018
(monograph, Australia, new spp., keys), Horak 2018
(monograph, New Zealand, new spp.), new spp. see
Marchetti and Franchi 2008 (Italy), Esteve-Raventós and
Moreno 2009 (Spain), Jacobsson and Larsson 2009
(Fennoscandia), Kobayashi 2009 (Japan), Kropp and
Albee-Scott 2010 (Samoan Archipelago), Kropp et al. 2010
(North America, phylogeny), Kobayashi and Onishi 2010
(Japan), Esteve-Raventos et al. 2011 (Europe), Bidaud
et al. 2012 (France), Bougher et al. 2012 (Australia),
Kokkonen and Vauras 2012 (phylogeny, Finland), Vauras
and Larsson 2012 (Finland, Sweden), Braaten et al. 2013
(Australia, USA), Corriol and Guinberteau 2013 (France),
Fan and Bau 2013 (China), Kropp et al. 2013 (USA),
Matheny et al. 2013 (USA), Crous et al. 2014a (Spain),
Esteve-Raventós 2014 (Spain), Fan and Bau 2014a, b
(China), Wartchow et al. 2014 (Brazil), Ariyawansa et al.
2015 (Fennoscandia), Esteve-Raventós et al. 2015
(Southern Europe), Latha and Manimohan 2015 (India),
Bizio et al. 2016 (Croatia), Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016
(Spain), Franchi et al. 2016a, b (Italy), Jabeen et al. 2016
(Pakistan), Latha and Manimohan 2016a, b (India), Pradeep et al. 2016b (India), Vauras and Larsson 2016b
(Fennoscandia, Estonia), Vauras and Larsson 2016a
(Fennoscandia), Bandini et al. 2017 (Germany), Carteret
and Reumaux 2017 (France), Crous et al. 2017a (Spain),
Farooqi et al. 2017 (Pakistan), La Rosa et al. 2017 (Italy),
Larsson et al. 2017, 2018a (Europe), Tibpromma et al.
2017 (India), Bandini et al. 2019 (Europe), Bau and Fan
2018 (China), Bizio and Castellan 2018 (Italy), EsteveRaventós et al. 2018 (Europe, phylogeny, new spp.),
Matheny and Swenie 2018 (North America, phylogeny,
new spp.), Naseer et al. 2018 (Pakistan), Ullah et al. 2018
(Pakistan), Wartchow and Sá 2018 (Brazil).
Inonotopsis Parmasto 1973, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species I. subiculosa (Peck) Parmasto,
wood-rotting, widespread, sequence data available, see Dai
2010b (phylogeny, Hymenochaetaceae, China).
Inonotus P. Karst. 1879, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
120 species, type species I. hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst.,
wood-rotting, widespread, some species can be medicinal
use, Chaga mushroom (I. obliquus), see Youn et al. 2008,
Chen et al. 2010 (anti-tumor activities), Balandaykin and
Zmitrovich 2015 (medicinal properties), key see GhobadNejhad and Kotiranta 2008 (Iran), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Tian et al. 2013 (I.
linteus complex), Zhou et al. 2016e (I. linteus complex),
new spp. see Baltazar and Gibertoni 2010 (new
221
combination), Cui et al. 2011c (China), Ginns 2011b
(North American), Abrahao and Gugliotta 2012 (Brazil),
Zhou and Qin 2012a (China), Valenzuela et al. 2013a
(morphology, Mexico), Tian et al. 2013 (China), GomesSilva et al. 2013 (Brazil), Zhou and Wang 2015 (China),
Bian et al. 2016c (China).
Insolibasidium Oberw. & Bandoni 1984, Platygloeaceae,
Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, North
America, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Matheny et al. 2007b (DNA
sequences).
Intextomyces J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
four species, type species I. contiguus (P. Karst.) J. Erikss.
& Ryvarden, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Intrapes J.F. Hennen & Figueiredo 1979, incertae sedis,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species I.
paliformis J.F. Hennen & Figueiredo, biotrophic on
Chrysobalanaceae (Couepia), terrestrial, Brazil, sequence
data unavailable, see Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003
(question whether or not it is a rust), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Ionosporus O. Khmelnitsky 2019, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species I. longipes (Massee) O. Khmelnitsky,
Davoodian, Raspé, S. Lee & Halling, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal with Dipterocarpaceae and Myrtaceae,
Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, DNA sequence data
available, see Khmelnitsky et al. 2019 (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Irpex Fr. 1825, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. ten species, type species
I. lacteus (Fr.) Fr., wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), biotechnological application, see
Novotný et al. 2000, 2009 (review, biodegradation, I. lacteus), Garcı́a-Torreiro et al. 2016 (bioethanol production,
I. lacteus), sequence data available, see Miettinen et al.
2016a (phylogeny, Phanerochaetaceae), Yao et al. 2017
(genome, I. lacteus, China), new sp. see Lee et al. 2008b
(morphology, South Korea).
Irpiciporus Murrill 1905, Cerrenaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species I. mollis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill [current name: I. pachyodon (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar], irpicoid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny, Phanerochaete).
Irpicochaete Rick 1940, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species I. nodulosa Rick, irpicoid basidioma, woodrotting, Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2008.
123
222
Irpicodon Pouzar 1966, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species I. pendulus (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Niemelä et al. 2007 (phylogeny).
Ischnoderma P. Karst. 1879, Ischodermataceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type species I. resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Itajahya Möller 1895, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species I. galericulata Möller, worldwide (tropical, subtropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Cabral et al. 2012 (reassessed), Marincowitz et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Itersonilia Derx 1948, Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual reproduction not observed,
dikaryotic hyphae occasionally produced, asexual morphs,
three species, type species I. perplexans Derx, plant parasite, yeast, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al.
2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny), Kachalkin et al. 2019
(new spp.).
Jaapia Bres. 1911, Jaapiaceae, Jaapiales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species J.
argillacea Bres., wood-saprobic, basidiomas corticioid, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny, new orders), Telleria
et al. 2015 (monograph).
Jaculispora H.J. Huds. & Ingold 1960, Classiculaceae,
Classiculales, Classiculomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species J. submersa H.J. Huds. & Ingold,
presumably mycoparasitic, in aquatic habitats, Jamaica,
sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny),
Bauer et al. 2006 (phylogeny, simple-septate basidiomycetes), Aime et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Jahnoporus Nuss 1980, Daryobolaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type specie J. hirtus (Cooke) Nuss, on soil, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Spirin et al. 2015c (phylogeny, new spp.).
Jamesdicksonia Thirum., Pavgi & Payak 1961, Georgefischeriaceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, 20
species, type species J. obesa (Syd. & P. Syd.) Thirum.,
Pavgi & Payak, plant parasites (leaves, stems) on Cyperaceae and Poaceae, widespread, saprobic yeast states on
plants, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
available, sequence data available, see Bauer et al. 2001b,
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Jaminaea Sipiczki & Kajdacsi ex T. Kij. & Aime 2017,
incertae sedis, Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, four
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species, type species J. angkorensis Sipiczki & Kajdacsi ex
Kijporn. & Aime, known only from saprobic states, plant
material, widespread, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(phylogenetic classification of yeasts, Ustilaginomycotina),
Kijpornyongpan and Aime 2017 (validation), new spp. see
Nasr et al. 2017 (Iran).
Janauaria Singer 1986, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species J. amazonica Singer, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Japonogaster Kobayasi 1989, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species J. oohashianus Kobayasi, Japan, a monstrosity
of Lycoperdon, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Jianyunia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species J. sakaguchii (Sugita, M. Takash., Hamam. &
Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout,
yeast, plant material, Japan, cultures and sequence data
available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Jimtrappea T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. & Aime 2015,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species C. guyanensis T.W.
Henkel, M.E. Sm. & Aime, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal,
South America, sequence data available, see Smith et al.
2015 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Joerstadia Gjaerum & Cummins 1982, Phragmidiaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species J.
alchemillae (Bacc.) Gjaerum & Cummins, asexual morph
unknown, biotrophic on Alchemilla (Rosaceae), terrestrial,
East Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Jola Möller 1895, Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species J. hookeriarum Möller, worldwide, sequence data available, see Henk and
Vilgalys 2007 (phylogeny), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Johncouchia S. Hughes & Cavalc. 1983, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species J. mangiferae (Bat.) S. Hughes & Cavalc., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Junghuhnia Corda 1842, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 35 species,
type species J. crustacea (Jungh.) Ryvarden, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Yuan
and Dai 2008b, c (morphology, China), Ryvarden and
Iturriaga 2010 (morphology, Venezuela), Yuan 2011
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(morphology, tropical China), Yuan and Dai 2012 (morphology, China), Yuan et al. 2012 (morphology, China),
Ryvarden 2018a (morphology, Tanzania), new combinations, see Ryvarden 2014 (morphology, tropical America),
Ryvarden 2015d (morphology).
Kalmanozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Begerow & Boekhout 2015, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes,
three species, type species K. brasiliensis (J.V.C. Oliveira,
T.A. Borges, R.A.C. Santos, L.F.D. Freitas, C.A. Rosa,
G.H. Goldman & D.M. Riano-Pachon) Q.M. Wang, F.Y.
Bai, Begerow & Boekhout, known only from saprobic
states, widespread, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Kauffmania Örstadius & E. Larss. 2015, Psathyrellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species K. larga (Kauffman) Örstadius & E.
Larss., Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway,
Sweden, North America, sequence data available, see
Örstadius et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Kavinia Pilát 1938, Lentariaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species K. sajanensis (Pilát) Pilát, wood-decaying, southern India, Reunion Island in the pacific, Marie Galante
Island in the Caribe, America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogenetic), new spp. see Robledo and Urcelay 2017
(South America).
Kernella Thirum. 1949 (= Kernia Thirum. 1946), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species (&
one variety), type species K. lauricola (Thirum.) Thirum.,
biotrophic on Lauraceae, terrestrial, China, India, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Kernkampella Rajendren 1970, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eight species, type species K.
breyniae-patentis (Mundk. & Thirum.) Rajendren, biotrophic on Euphorbiaceae, terrestrial, Costa Rica, Nigeria,
China, India, Japan, sequence data available, see McTaggart et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Kimuromyces Dianese, L.T.P. Santos, R.B. Medeiros &
Furlan. 1995, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species K. cerradensis Dianese, L.T.P. Santos, R.B. Medeiros & Furlan., asexual
morph Calidion-type, biotrophic on Astronium (Anacardiaceae), terrestrial, Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Kjeldsenia W. Colgan, Castellano & Bougher 1995,
Claustulaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species K. aureispora W.
Colgan, Castellano & Bougher, terrestrial, America, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny gomphoid-phalloid
fungi).
223
Kobayasia S. Imai & A. Kawam. 1958, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species K. nipponica (Kobayasi) S. Imai & A.
Kawam, terrestrial, Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006
(phylogeny, gomphoid-phalloid fungi).
Kockovaella Nakase, I. Banno & Y. Yamada 1991, Cuniculitremaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual
morph unknown, 19 species, type species K. thailandica
Nakase, I. Banno & Y. Yamada, yeast, widespread, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Kombocles Castellano, T.W. Henkel & Dentinger 2016,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species K. bakaiana Castellano, T.W. Henkel & Dentinger, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal, Africa, sequence data available, see Castellano et al.
2016 (taxonomy).
Kondoa Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & I. Banno 1989, Kondoacea, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual and
asexual morphs known, ten species, type species K. malvinella (Fell & I.L. Hunter) Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & I.
Banno, yeast, plant material, worldwide, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy and phylogeny),
new spp. see Liu et al. 2018d, Fotedar et al. 2019.
Kordyana Racib. 1900, Brachybasidiaceae, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, eight species, type species K. tradescantiae (Pat.) Racib., plant parasites (leaves) on Commelinaceae, Southeast Asia, South America, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014, Wang et al.
2015c
(phylogenetic
classification
of
yeasts,
Pucciniomycotina).
Korupella Hjortstam & P. Roberts 2000, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species K. denticulata P. Roberts &
Hjortstam, Cameroon, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Krasilnikovozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, three species, type species K. huempii (C. Ramı́rez & A.
E. González) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogney),
Kachalkin et al. 2019 (new spp.).
Kriegeria Bres. 1891 (= Xenogloea Syd. & P. Syd.
1919, = Zymoxenogloea D.J. McLaughlin & Doublés
1992), Kriegeriaceae, Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes,
sexual and asexual morphs known, one species, type species K. eriophori Bres., yeast, plant parasite (Cyperaceae),
123
224
worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures
and sequence data available, see Toome et al. 2013, Wang
et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Krieglsteinera Pouzar 1987, Heterogastridiaceae, Heterogastridiales, Microbotryomycetes, one species, type species
K. lasiosphaeriae Pouzar, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Kryptastrina Oberw. 1990, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Pucciniomycotina, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species K. inclusa Oberw., Colombia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Kuehneola Magnus 1898 (= Spirechina Arthur 1907),
Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 22 species,
type species K. albida (J.G. Kühn) Magnus, asexual morph,
biotrophic on Anacardiaceae, Celastraceae, Malvaceae,
Rosaceae, Verbenaceae, Vitaceae, terrestrial, widespread,
new spp. see Ono 2013a, 2015a.
Kuntzeomyces Henn. ex Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species,
type species K. ustilaginoideus (Henn.) Sacc., parasite
(flowers) on Rhynchospora spp. (Cyperaceae), South
America, cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Begerow et al. 2014
(taxonomy).
Kurtia Karasiński 2014, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species K. argillacea (Bres.) Karasiński, ericoid
mycorrhizal fungus, temperate, boreal forests of Europe,
Asia and Northern America, sequence data available, see
Kolařı́k and Vohnı́k 2018 (phylogeny, monograph).
Kurtzmanomyces Y. Yamada, Itoh, H. Kawas., I. Banno &
Nakase 1989, Chionosphaeraceae, Agaricostilbales,
Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species, type species K. nectairei (Rodr. Mir.) Y. Yamada,
Itoh, H. Kawas., I. Banno & Nakase, yeast, worldwide, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Kusaghiporia J. Hussein, S. Tibell & Tibuhwa 2018,
Laetiporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species K. usambarensis
J. Hussein, S. Tibell & Tibuhwa, wood-rotting, brown rot,
Tanzania, sequence data available, see Hussein et al. 2018
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Kweilingia Teng 1940 (= Dasturella Mundk. & Khesw.
1943, Tunicopsora Suj. Singh & P.C. Pandey 1971),
Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species K. bambusae (Teng) Teng, asexual
morph, biotrophic on Poaceae, Costaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics, sequence data available, see Aime
et al. 2018a (evolution, phylogeny).
Kwoniella Statzell-Tallman & Fell 2008, Cryptococcaceae,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
known, 14 species, type species K. mangroviensis StatzellTallman, Belloch & Fell, yeast, plant material, worldwide,
see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (emendation,
taxonomy and phylogeny), Kachalkin et al. 2019 (phylogeny and new spp.)
Laccaria Berk. & Broome 1883, Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 85
species, type species L. laccata (Scop.) Cooke, worldwide,
ectomycorrhizal, some species edible (L. amethystina
Cooke), see Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Melgar et al. 2014
(edible mushrooms), Sheedy et al. 2015 (population
genetic structure), sequence data available, see Martin et al.
2008 (genome), Sheedy et al. 2013 (Australia, phylogeny),
Wilson et al. 2017 (evolution), new spp. see Wilson et al.
2013 (China), Popa et al. 2014, 2016 (China, Panama),
Montoya et al. 2015 (Mexico), Luo et al. 2016 (China),
Cho et al. 2018 (South Korea).
Laccariopsis Vizzini 2013, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species L. mediterraneus (Pacioni & Lalli) Vizzini,
worldwide, terrestrial, gregarious, sequence data available,
see Vizzini et al. 2013a (taxonomy).
Laccocephalum McAlpine & Tepper 1895, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species L. basilapidoides McAlpine &
Tepper, stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, terrestrial, brown rot, sclerotium-forming, some species edible,
medicinal use, see Zhou et al. 2010 (anthelmintic activity,
L. mylittae (Cooke & Massee) Núñez & Ryvarden), Australia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Lachnella Fr. 1836, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, six species, type species L.
alboviolascens (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes), Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Garnica
et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore
ultrastructure).
Lachnocladium Lév. 1846, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species L. brasiliense (Lév.) Pat., worldwide, wooddecaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny).
Lacrymaria Pat. 1887, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species L. lacrymabunda (Bull.) Pat., worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Walther et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Matheny et al. 2006
(phylogeny), Larsson and Örstadius 2008 (phylogeny),
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Padamsee et al. 2008 (phylogeny), Nagy et al. 2009, 2010b
(phylogeny), Dentinger et al. 2011 (DNA barcode).
Lactarius Pers. 1797, Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, agaricoid to secotioid-gasteroid, c. 450 species accepted, c. 1000 species
estimated, conserved type species L. torminosus (Schaeff.)
Pers., three large subgenera, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide
but with main distribution in boreal and temperate regions,
some poisonous, also some commercially important edible
species (Wang 2000; Wang and Liu 2002; Wang et al.
2015h), sequence data available, see Eberhardt and Verbeken 2004, Nuytinck and Verbeken 2007, Nuytinck et al.
2007, Geml et al. 2009, He et al. 2011a, Stubbe and Verbeken 2012, Verbeken et al. 2014, Wisitrassameewong
et al. 2016, Vidal et al. 2019 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Montoya et al. 2012a (Neotropics), Stubbe et al. 2012b
(Australia), Verbeken et al. 2014 (Asia), Nuytinck and
Ammirati 2014 (North America), Lee et al. 2015 (South
Korea), Liu et al. 2015a (Asia), Wisitrassameewong et al.
2014a, b, 2015, 2016 (Asia), Wang et al. 2015h (Asia),
Wang 2016, 2017, 2018 (Asia), Buyck et al. 2017 (Asia),
Das et al. 2017c (Asia), Nuytinck et al. 2017 (North
America), Shi et al. 2018 (Asia), Wang et al. 2018c, 2018e
(Asia), Lee et al. 2019 (Asia), Uniyal et al. 2018 (Asia),
Paloi and Acharya 2019 (Asia), other literature see Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998 (Europe), Basso 1999 (Europe),
Verbeken et al. 2018 (Europe), Buyck et al. 2008a (phylogeny), Geml et al. 2009 (Alaska, boreal and arctic spp.),
Buyck et al. 2010 (nomenclature), Verbeken and Walleyn
2010 (Africa, monograph), Nuytinck et al. 2010 (Europe
and North America), Verbeken et al. 2010 (Australasia),
Rochet et al. 2011 (Europe), Geml et al. 2012b (Arctic,
phylogeny, biogeography), Stubbe and Verbeken 2012
(taxonomy), Garay-Serrano et al. 2012 (Neotropics), Verbeken and Nuytinck 2013 (taxonomy), Lee et al. 2018
(Asia, new records), Looney et al. 2018 (genomes), Li et al.
2019c (mitochondrial genomes).
Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel 1806 (= Pleurogala Redhead &
Norvell 1993), Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, 207 species accepted, 530 species
estimated, type species L. volemus (Fr.:Fr.) Kuntze, four
subgenera, 19 sections (De Crop et al. 2017), agaricoid,
some pleurotoid, ectomycorrhizal with angiosperms and
gymnosperms, worldwide (main distribution in the tropics),
some species edible, commercially important edible species see Boa 2004, Lincoff 2010, Sharp 2011, 2014,
Njouonkou et al. 2016, sequence data available, see Buyck
et al. 2008, De Crop et al. 2017 (multigene phylogenies),
new spp. see Van de Putte et al. 2009 (Afrotropics), Van de
Putte et al. 2010 (Aisa), Wang et al. 2012, 2015 (Asia), De
Crop et al. 2012, 2016 (Afrotropics), Miller et al. 2012
(America), Van de Putte et al. 2012 (Asia), Stubbe et al.
2012a (Asia), Morozova et al. 2013 (Asia), Sá et al. 2013,
225
Sá and Wartchow 2013 (America), Wartchow et al. 2013
(Neotropics), Maba et al. 2014, 2015a, b (West Africa),
Verbeken et al. 2014 (Asia), Latha et al. 2016c (Asia), Li
et al. 2016b (Asia), Uniyal et al. 2016 (Asia),Van de Putte
et al. 2016 (Western Palearctic), Zhang et al. 2016 (Asia),
Delgat et al. 2017 (Afrotropics), Song et al. 2017, 2018d
(Asia), Das et al. 2017d (Asia), Hyde et al. 2017b (Asia),
Crous et al. 2017b (Neotropics), De Lange et al. 2018
(Afrotropics), De Crop et al. 2018 (Asia, pleurotoid), Liu
et al. 2018 (Asia), De Crop et al. 2019 (Afrotropics),
Dierickx et al. 2019 (Asia and Australasia), Phookamsak
et al. 2019 (Asia), other literature see Buyck et al. 2010
(nomenclature), Verbeken and Walleyn 2010 (Afrotropics,
monograph), Verbeken et al. 2011, 2012 (recombinations),
Stubbe et al. 2012a (recombinations), Verbeken and
Nuytinck 2013 (taxonomy), De Crop et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Lee et al. 2018 (Asia, new records).
Lactocollybia Singer 1939, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species L. lacrimosa (R. Heim) Singer, Saprobic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. (genus accepted), sequence data
available, new spp. see Hosen et al. 2016a (China).
Laeticutis Audet 2010, incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species L. cristata (Schaeff.) Audet, wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data available, see Audet 2010 (taxonomy).
Laetifomes T. Hatt. 2001, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species L. flammans (Corner) T. Hatt., perennial
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, Solomon
Islands, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Laetiporus Murrill 1904, Laetiporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species L. speciosus Battarra ex Murrill [current name:
L. sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill], poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), some species edible, medicinal use, see Grienke
et al. 2014 (review, L. sulphureus), sequence data available, see Nagy et al. 2015 (genome, L. sulphureus), Song
and Cui 2017 (phylogeny, historical biogeography), new
spp. see Tomsovský and Jankovský 2008 (phylogeny,
Europe), Ota et al. 2009 (phylogeny, Japan), Banik et al.
2012 (phylogeny, Caribean basin), Song et al. 2014b
(phylogeny, China), Pires et al. 2016 (phylogeny, Brazil),
Song et al. 2018b (phylogeny, China).
Laetisaria Burds. 1979, (= Limonomyces Stalpers & Loer.
1982), Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph known (bulbil-forming), seven species, type species
L. fuciformis (Berk.) Burds., grass parasite, lichenicolous,
or lignicolous, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Diederich
et al. 2011 (Luxembourg), Diederich et al. 2018a
(phylogeny).
123
226
Lagarobasidium Jülich 1974, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species L. pruinosum (Bres.) Jülich,
wood-rotting and lichenicolous, Europe, sequence data
available, new spp. see Dueñas et al. 2009 (Azores
Islands).
Lamelloclavaria Birkebak & Adamčı́k 2016, Clavariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. petersenii Adamčı́k & Birkebak,
Finland, sequence data available, see Birkebak et al. 2016
(Clavariaceae, phylogeny, taxonomy).
Lamelloporus Ryvarden 1987, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species L. americanus Ryvarden, hymenophore
concentrically lamellate, wood-rotting, neotropical, see
Salvador-Montoya et al. 2012 (morphology, distribution,
new record, Peru), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny).
Langdonia McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, eight species,
type species L. fraseriana (Syd.) McTaggart & R.G. Shivas, parasite (ovaries) on Aristida and Stipagrostis (Poaceae), Australia, Bolivia, Thailand, saprobic yeast states on
plants, cultures available, sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Lanmaoa G. Wu, Zhu L. Yang & Halling 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species L. asiatica G. Wu &
Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, North
America, Asia, Central America, some species edible (L.
asiatica G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang), sequence data available,
see Wu et al. 2016e, f (new genus, Boletaceae, phylogeny),
new sp. see Chai et al. 2018 (China).
Laricifomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1957, Fomitopsidaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species L. officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. &
Pouzar, perennial basidioma, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread (North America, Eurasia),
ethnomycological use, see Blanchette et al. 1992 (spirit
figures, North America), medicinal use, see Grienke et al.
2014 (review), sequence data available, see Han et al.
2016a (phylogeny, Fomitopsis s. l.).
Larssoniporia Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui 2015,
Echinodontiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species L. tropicalis
(Cooke) Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui, wood-decaying,
Asia, sequence data available, see Chen et al. 2016b
(phylogeny).
Laternea Turpin 1822, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species L. triscapa Turpin, America, see Kirk et al. 2013
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka
et al. 2006 (phylogeny, gomphoid-phalloid fungi).
Laurilia Pouzar 1959, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species L. sulcata (Burt) Pouzar, wood-decaying,
Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny).
Lauriliella Nakasone & S.H. He 2017, Bondarzewiaceae,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species L. taxodii (Lentz & H.H. McKay)
S.H. He & Nakasone, wood-rotting, associated with white
stringy rot to brown powdery rot in pockets, often associated with living trees of Cupressaceae, sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2017e (phylogeny,
Echinodontium).
Laurobasidium Jülich 1982, Laurobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, plant parasites
(stem, trunk) on Laurus and Cinnamomum (Lauraceae),
Canary Islands, Madeira and Thailand, cultures unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014 (taxonomy),
Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny), Kakishima
et al. 2017a (new combination), Somrithipol et al. 2018
(phylogeny, new family).
Lawreymyces Lücking & Moncada 2017, Corticiaceae,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
seven species, type species L. palicei Lücking & Moncada,
lichenicolous, occurring on lichens of the family Verrucariaceae, known specifically from the genera Agonimia
and Normandina, sequence data available, see Lücking and
Moncada 2017 (taxonomy, voucherless fungi, phylogeny).
Lawrynomyces Karasiński 2013, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species L. capitatus (J. Eriksson & Å.
Strid) Karasiński, is introduced to accommodate Hyphoderma capitatum, wood-rotting, growing on decayed
coniferous wood, Europe, see Karasinski 2013 (taxonomy),
sequence data unavailable.
Laxitextum Lentz 1956, Hericiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species L. bicolor (Pers.) Lentz, wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Mudalungu
et al. 2016 (natural products), sequence data available, see
Larsson and Hallenberg 2001 (Gloeocystidiellum porosumclavuligerum complex), Larsson et al. 2004 (phylogeny,
corticioid homobasidiomycetes).
Lecanocybe Desjardin & E. Horak 1999, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. lateralis Desjardin & E. Horak, on
senescent leaves of yellow ginger or banana, Java, Hawaii,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Leccinellum Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder 2003, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17
species, type species L. nigrescens (Singer) Bresinsky &
Manfr. Binder, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide (north temperate, except Australia), sequence data
available, see Nuhn et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Boletineae),
new spp. see Kuo et al. 2013 (North America), Li et al.
2016a (China), Wu et al. 2016f (China).
Leccinum Gray 1821, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 130 species, type
species L. aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, some species edible, see Boa
2004 (edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Bessette et al. 2017 (Eastern North America),
sequence data available, new spp. see Li et al. 2016b (India), new combinations see Horak 2011.
Leifiporia Y.C. Dai, F. Wu & C.L. Zhao 2016, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species L. rhizomorpha Y.C.
Dai, F. Wu & C.L. Zhao, wood-rotting, sequence data
available, see Zhao et al. 2016a (new genus, new species,
new combinations), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Lentaria Corner 1950, Lentariaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 19 species, type
species L. surculus (Berk.) Corner, lignicolous, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Garnica et al. 2007, new spp. see Liu
et al. 2017d (China, monograph, key).
Lentinellus P. Karst. 1879, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 30 species,
type species L. cochleatus (Pers.) P. Karst., wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003
(phylogeny), new spp. see Liu and Bau 2011a, 2011b
(Chinese records).
Lentinula Earle 1909, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
species L. boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Pegler, worldwide,
wood-decaying, some species edible, shiitake mushroom
(L. edodes (Berk.) Pegler), see Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese
edible mushrooms), Zmitrovich 2010, Zmitrovich and
Kovalenko 2016 (medicinal, phylogeny), Sanuma et al.
2016 (edible mushrooms, Brazil), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Capelari et al.
2010a (Brazil), Grand et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Avin et al.
2012 (phylogeny, edible mushrooms), Sharma et al. 2015
(India, monograph), Chen et al. 2016f (genome), Xiang
et al. 2016 (China, population genetic diversity), Yang
et al. 2017a (mitochondrial genome).
Lentinus Fr. 1825, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 55 species, type
species L. crinitus (L.) Fr., stipitate basidioma, lamellate or
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread
227
(esp. subtropical), some species edible (L. cyathiformis
(Schaeff.) Bres.), see Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), Sanuma et al. 2016 (edible mushrooms, Brazil),
some species medicinal use (L. lepideus (Fr.) Fr.), see Dai
and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Bisen et al.
2010 (pharmacological activities), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Krüger et al. 2008
(‘Polyporellus’ group, phylogeny), Grand et al. 2011
(phylogeny), Seelan et al. 2015 (phylogeny), Sharma et al.
2015 (India, phylogeny), Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016
(phylogeny), new spp. see Zmitrovich 2010 (new combination), Karunarathna et al. 2012 (Thailand), Senthilarasu
and Singh 2013b (India), Njouonkou et al. 2013 (Africa),
new combinations, see Zmitrovich 2010 (nomenclature),
Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016 (phylogeny).
Lentoporia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species L. carbonica (Overh.) Audet, wood-rotting,
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(phylogeny).
Lenzitopsis Malençon & Bertault 1963, Thelephoraceae,
Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species L. oxycedri Malençon & Bertault,
worldwide, wood decaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Zhou and Kõljalg
2013 (phylogeny, new sp.).
Lepidomyces Jülich, 1979, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species L. subcalceus (Litsch.) Jülich, sequence data
unavailable, see Larsson 2007b (taxonomy).
Lepidostroma Mägd. & S. Winkl. 1967, Lepidostromataceae, Lepidostromatales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species L. terricolens Mägd. &
S. Winkl. [current name: L. calocerum (G.W.Martin)
Oberw.], tropics of Africa and the Americas, lichenized,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Hodkinson et al. 2012, 2014 (new order, new
spp., phylogeny), Liu et al. 2017a (phylogeny).
Lepiota (Pers.) Gray 1821 (= Amogaster Castellano 1995
fide Ge and Smith 2013; = Cryptolepiota Kropp & Trappe
2012; = Cribrospora Pacioni & P. Fantini 2000 fide Vidal
et al. 2015), Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 450 species, type species L.
clypeolaria (Bull.) P. Kumm., agaricoid, sequestrate,
worldwide, terrestrial and saprotrophic, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, Liang et al.
2009
(L.
cristata),
Sysouphanthong
et
al.
2011, 2012, 2013a (East Asia), Lebel and Vellinga 2013
(Australia, sequestrate taxa), Vidal et al. 2015 (Europe,
sequestrate taxa), Liang 2016 (China, phylogeny), new spp.
see Arun Kumar and Manimohan 2009b (India), Vellinga
2010a (USA), Liang and Yang 2011 (China), Vidal et al.
2015 (Europe, sequestrate spp.), Liang et al. 2012 (China),
123
228
Liang and Yang 2013 (China), Kumari et al. 2013c (India),
Vizzini et al. 2014 (Italy), Caballero et al. 2015 (Spain),
Justo et al. 2015a (Dominican Republic), Qasim et al.
2015a, 2016 (Pakistan).
Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm. 1870, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species,
type species L. panaeola (Fr.) P. Karst., worldwide, some
species edible, wood blewit (L. nuda (Bull.) Cooke), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Stott et al. 2005
(phylogeny), Alvarado et al. 2015 (phylogeny), Thongbai
et al. 2017b (Thailand, cultivation).
Lepistella T.J. Baroni & Ovrebo 2007, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. ocula T.J. Baroni & Ovrebo, Costa
Rica, sequence data unavailable, see Ovrebo and Baroni
2007 (taxonomy).
Leptocorticium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2002, incertae
sedis, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, eight species, type species L. cyatheae (S. Ito &
S. Imai) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, sequence data available
for L. tenellum only, new spp. see Gorjón and Saitta 2014
(Italy), Sanyal and Dhingra 2015 (India), Li et al. 2016b
(sequence data).
Leptoporus Quél. 1886, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species L. mollis (Pers.) Quél., basidioma resupinate to
pileate, hymenophore poroid, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread (north temperate), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data
available, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Leptosporomyces Jülich 1972, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species L. galzinii (Bourdot) Jülich, widespread (north
temperate), see Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Leratiomyces Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder ex Bridge,
Spooner, Beever & D.C. Park 2008, Strophariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species L. similis (Pat. ex Sacc. & Trotter)
Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder ex Redhead & McNeill,
sequence data available, see Bridge et al. 2008 (new
combination, monograph), Borovička et al. 2015
(phylogeny).
Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer 1948 (= Sericeomyces
Heinem. 1978), Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph Attamyces Kreisel 1972, c. 135 species, type
species L. rubrotinctus (Peck) Singer, agaricoid, terrestrial
and saprotrophic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Cabrera 2015 (Brazil), sequence data available,
Vellinga 2010b (California, USA, section Piloselli), new
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
spp. see Arun Kumar and Manimohan 2009a (India), Liang
et al. 2010 (China), Muñoz et al. 2012 (Spain), Malysheva
et al. 2013 (Russia), Yuan et al. 2014 (South China), Ge
et al. 2015b (Asia), Justo et al. 2015b (Dominican
Republic), Qasim et al. 2015b (Pakistan), Yu et al. 2016
(China), Dovana et al. 2017 (Italy), Hussain et al. 2018a
(Pakistan), new combinations, see Ruiz and MolinariNovoa 2016 (anamorphic Agaricaceae, nomenclature),
Yang and Ge 2017 (China), Hussain et al. 2018c (Pakistan), Sysouphanthong et al 2018 (Laos)
Leucocalocybe X.D. Yu & Y.J. Yao 2011, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. mongolica X.D. Yu & Y.J. Yao,
China, Mongolia, saprotrophic, edible, sequence data
available, see Yu et al. 2011 (taxonomy).
Leucocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw. 1999,
Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, four
species, type species L. scleriae (DC.) M. Piepenbr.,
Begerow & Oberw., plant parasites (pedunculi of inflorescence, internodes) of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae),
Africa, North America, South America, South Asia, West
Indies, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Piepenbring et al.
1999, Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Leucocoprinus Pat. 1888, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species,
type species L. cepistipes (Sowerby) Pat., worldwide, terrestrial, saprotrophic, see Birkebak 2010 (USA), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Arun
Kumar and Manimohan 2009a (India), Vellinga et al. 2011
(phylogeny).
Leucocortinarius (J.E. Lange) Singer 1945, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein.) Singer,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007
(agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure).
Leucocybe Vizzini, P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Consiglio
2015, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, tree species, type species L. candicans
(Pers.) Vizzini, P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Consiglio,
Europe, North America, sequence data available, see
Alvarado et al. 2015 (taxonomy), Das et al. 2017d (new
combination).
Leucogaster R. Hesse 1882, Albatrellaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species L. liosporus R. Hesse, terrestrial, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcoding).
Leucogyrophana Pouzar 1958, Hygrophoropsidaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13
species, type species L. mollusca (Fr.) Pouzar, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
available, see Larsson 2007a (phylogeny, corticioid fungi),
Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Leucoinocybe Singer ex Antonı́n, Borovička, Holec &
Kolařı́k 2019, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, three species, type species L.
lenta (Maire) Antonı́n, Borovička, Holec & Kolařı́k, Europe, sequence data available, see Antonı́n et al. 2019
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Leucopaxillus Boursier 1925, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 16
species, type species L. paradoxus (Costantin & L.M.
Dufour) Boursier, temperate, subtropical, some species
edible, giant clitocybe (L. giganteus (Sowerby) Singer), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Ren et al. 2008
(medical use), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Vizzini et al. 2012b (phylogeny), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode), Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014
(phylogeny), Sánchez-Garcı́a and Matheny 2017 (evolution), new spp., see Buda et al. 2012 (Sicilia).
Leucophellinus Bondartsev & Singer 1944, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species L. irpicoides (Bondartsev ex Pilát) Bondartsev & Singer, wood-rotting, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Wu et al. 2017a (phylogeny).
Leucophleps Harkn. 1899, Albatrellaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species L. magnata Harkn., terrestrial, North America,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Albee-Scott 2007 (phylogeny).
Leucopholiota (Romagn.) O.K. Mill., T.J. Volk & Bessette
1996, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species L. decorosa
(Peck) O.K. Mill., T.J. Volk & Bessette, USA, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available see
Vellinga 2004 (phylogeny), Harmaja 2013 (new combination, synonymization of Amylolepiota Harmaja).
Leucosporidium Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff 1970,
Leucosporidiaceae,
Leucosporidiales,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, eleven species, type species L. scottii Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter &
Phaff, yeast, psychrophilic, worldwide, Kurtzman et al.
2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see
Sampaio et al. 2003, Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Leucotelium Tranzschel 1935, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species L.
cerasi (Bérenger) Tranzschel, Eurasia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Libkindia Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. & Baldrian
2017, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes,
sexual morph unknown, one species, type species L.
229
masarykiana Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. & Baldrian,
yeast, isolated from temperate forest soils, Europe, cultures
and sequence data available, see Mašı́nová et al. 2017 (new
genus, new spp.).
Lichenomphalia Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
2002, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type species L. hudsoniana (H.S. Jenn.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, arctic-alpine, lichenised, sequence data available,
see Geml et al. 2012a (biogeography), new spp. see Barrasa
et al. 2009 (new combination), Kantvilas and Jarman 2012
(Tasmania), Sandoval-Leiva et al. 2017 (Chilean Altiplano), Shiryaev et al. 2018 (biogeography).
Licrostroma P.A. Lemke 1964, Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph known, one species,
type species L. subgiganteum (Berk.) P.A. Lemke, woodrotting, sequence data available, see Giraldo et al. 2017
(taxonomy).
Ligiella J.A. Sáenz 1980, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species L. rodrigueziana J.A. Sáenz, Costa Rica, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Lignomphalia Antonı́n, Borovička, Holec & Kolařı́k 2019,
incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species L. lignicola (Lj.N.
Vassiljeva) Antonı́n, Borovička, Holec & Kolařı́k, Europe,
sequence data available, see Antonı́n et al. 2019 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Lignomyces R.H. Petersen & Zmitr. 2015, Pleurotaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. vetlinianus (Domański) R.H.
Petersen & Zmitr., Russia, basidioma pleurotoid, sequence
data available, see Petersen et al. 2015 (taxonomy, Resupinatus-clade).
Lignosus Lloyd ex Torrend 1920, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species L. sacer (Afzel. ex Fr.) Torrend,
stipitate basidioma, terrestrial, widespread (paleotropical),
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy), some species medicinal use, see Nallathamby
et al. 2018 (bioactive activities, L. rhinocerus (Cooke)
Ryvarden), sequence data available, see Cui et al. 2011a
(phylogeny, new sp., China), Yap et al. 2014 (genome,
L. rhinocerus), new spp. see Tan et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
Malaysia).
Lilaceophlebia (Parmasto) Spirin & Zmitr. 2004, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species L. livida (Pers.) Spirin
& Zmitr., resupinate phlebioid basidioma, wood-inhabiting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see
Ghobad-Nejhad and Hallenberg 2012 (phylogeny), Justo
et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
123
230
Limacella Earle 1909, Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species, type
species L. delicata (Fr.) H.V. Sm., worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Zhang et al. 2004
(Eastern Asian), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), Cui et al. 2018 (phylogeny),
new spp. see Kumari et al. 2013c (India).
Limacellopsis Zhu L. Yang, Q. Cai & Y.Y. Cui 2018,
Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species L. guttata (Pers.)Zhu.
L. Yang, Q. Cai & Y.Y. Cui, Europe, China, see Cui et al.
2018 (phylogeny), Yang et al. 2018b (genus accepted).
Limnoperdon G.A. Escobar 1976, Limnoperdaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. incarnatum G.A. Escobar, USA,
Japan, South America, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2006
(phylogeny).
Lindtneria Pilát 1938, Stephanosporaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species L. trachyspora (Bourdot & Galzin) Pilát,
worldwide, sequence data available, new spp. see Liu et al.
2016a (China).
Lipocystis Cummins 1937, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species L. caesalpiniae
(Arthur) Cummins, biotrophic on Oleaceae (Fraxinus),
terrestrial, Russia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Litschauerella Oberw. 1965, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species L. abietis (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw.
ex Jülich, wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Lobulicium K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1982, Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. occultum K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam,
saprobes, terrestrial, Europe, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Lopharia Kalchbr. & MacOwan 1881, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
seven species, type species L. lirellosa Kalchbr. &
MacOwan [current name: L. mirabilis (Berk. & Broome)
Pat.], corticioid or stereoid basidioma, smooth hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy),
some species can be used as water-cleaning agent, see
Wang et al. 2010b (inhibit growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in water, L. spadicea (Pers.) Boidin), sequence data
available, see Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales),
Liu et al. 2018a (new spp., phylogeny, China, monograph).
Loreleia Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys & Lutzoni 2002,
incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
morph unknown, three species, type species L. postii (Fr.)
Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys & Lutzoni, Europe, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Loweomyces (Kotl. & Pouzar) Jülich 1982, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species L. fractipes (Berk. &
M.A. Curtis) Jülich, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Westphalen et al. 2016a (new spp., phylogeny,
monograph, Brazil).
Luellia K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1974, Hydnodontaceae,
Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species L. recondita (H.S. Jacks.) K.H.
Larss. & Hjortstam, wood-decaying, Europe, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available.
Lulesia Singer 1970, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species L. densifolia (Singer) Singer, tropical, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Luteoporia F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He 2016, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species L. albomarginata F.
Wu, Jia J. Chen & S.H. He, wood-rotting, causing a white
rot, China, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2016b
(taxonomy, China), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Lutypha Khurana, K.S. Thind & Berthier 1977, Typhulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species L. sclerotiophila
Khurana, K.S. Thind & Berthier, India, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Lycogalopsis E. Fisch. 1886, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species L. solmsii E. Fisch., tropical, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Demoulin et al. 2013 (phylogeny).
Lycoperdon Pers. 1794 (= Vascellum F. Šmarda 1958),
Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, c. 55 species, type species L. perlatum
Pers., worldwide, puffball, some species edible, gemstudded puffball (L. perlatum Pers.), see Hall et al. 2003
(edible mushrooms), Colak et al. 2009 (compounds), Dai
et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson and
Jeppson 2008 (phylogeny), Vellinga et al. 2011 (phylogeny), new spp. see Cortez et al. 2011 (Brazil), Jeppson
et al. 2012 (Europe), Kim et al. 2016 (Korea).
Lycoperdopsis Henn. 1900, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species L. arcyrioides Henn. & E. Nyman, tropical,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Lyoathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004, Atheliaceae,
Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. laxa (Burt) Hjortstam & Ryvarden,
Canada, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Lyophyllopsis Sathe & J.T. Daniel 1981, Lyophyllaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species L. keralensis Sathe & J.T. Daniel,
India, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Lyophyllum P. Karst. 1881, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species,
type species L. leucophaeatum (P. Karst.) P. Karst.,
worldwide, some species edible, honshimeji (L. shimeji
(Kawam.) Hongo), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms),
Zhang et al. 2010b (compounds), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Bellanger et al.
2015 (phylogeny), new spp. see Dähncke et al. 2010 (Canary Islands, Spain), Vizzini and Contu 2010 (Canary
Islands, Spain), Wang et al. 2013b (China), Cooper 2014b
(New Zealand), Lavorato and Contu 2015 (Italy), Sesli
et al. 2015 (Turkey).
Lysurus Fr. 1823, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 30 species, type species L.
mokusin (L.) Fr, terrestrial, widespread (esp. tropical), see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see Gogoi
and Parkash 2015 (India), new combination, see Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a.
Macabuna Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994, Phakopsoraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual genus, seven species, type species M. ziziphi (Pat.) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen,
biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Salicaceae, Vochysiaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, Luxembourg, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam, sequence data unavailable, see Cummins
and Hiratsuka 2003 (synonym of Calidion), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Macalpinomyces Langdon & Full. 1977, Ustilaginaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 41 species, type species
M. eriachnes (Thüm.) Langdon & Full., plant parasites
(ovaries) on Poaceae, widespread in Australia, South Asia,
Africa, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Maccagnia Mattir. 1922, Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. carnica Mattir., Italy, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Mackintoshia Pacioni & Sharp 2000, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species M. persica Pacioni & C. Sharp,
sequestrate, Africa, sequence data available, see Smith
et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
231
Macrocybe Pegler & Lodge 1998, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species M. titans (H.E. Bigelow & Kimbr.)
Pegler, Lodge & Nakasone, tropics, some species edible
(M. gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 1998), see Dai et al.
2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Wiejak et al. 2014 (bioconcentration), Razaq
et al. 2016 (Asian, M. gigantea), sequence data available,
see Razaq et al. 2016 (Asian, M. gigantea), Sánchez-Garcı́a
et al. 2016 (M. titans in Biannulariaceae, phylogeny, new
family)
Macrocystidia Joss. 1934, Macrocystidiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species M. cucumis (Pers.) Joss., saprophytic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Walther
et al. 2005 (phylogeny), Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny),
Dentinger et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Macrohyporia I. Johans. & Ryvarden 1979, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species M. dictyopora (Sacc.) I. Johans.
& Ryvarden, resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, widespread (tropical), sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Macrolepiota Singer 1948, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species M. procera (Scop.) Singer, saprotrophic and
terrestrial, agaricoid, sequestrate, worldwide, some species
edible, parasol mushroom (M. procera (Scop.) Singer), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Falandysz et al. 2008
(mineral constituents), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vellinga 2004 (Australia, monograph),
Ge et al. 2010 (China, monograph), Barseghyan et al. 2012
(phylogeny, Israel), Lebel and Syme 2012 (Australia,
sequestrate species), new spp. see Ge et al. 2012 (China),
Perez et al. 2018 (Brazil).
Macrometrula Donk & Singer 1948, Psathyrellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species M. rubriceps (Cooke & Massee) Donk
& Singer, British Isles, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Macrotyphula R.H. Petersen 1972, Typhulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species M. fistulosa (Holmsk.) R.H. Petersen
[current name: Typhula fistulosa (Holmsk.) Olariaga],
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes), Dentinger and McLaughlin
2006 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), new combinations see Olariaga and Salcedo 2013 (clavarioid fungi).
123
232
Macruropyxis Azbukina 1972, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species M.
fraxini (Kom.) Azbukina, biotrophic on Fabaceae (Mimosa), terrestrial, West Indies, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Martin et al. 2017
(phylogeny, new spp., South Africa).
Maireina W.B. Cooke 1961, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 18 species, type
species M. monacha (Speg.) W.B. Cooke [current name:
Merismodes bresadolae (Grélet) Singer], worldwide,
basidioma cyphelloid, sequence data unavailable, new spp.
see Bodensteiner 2007 (key).
Malajczukia Trappe & Castellano 1992, Mesophelliaceae,
Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
eight species, type species M. viridigleba Trappe &
Castellano, Australia, New Zealand, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka
et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Malassezia Baillon 1889, Malasseziaceae, Malasseziales,
Malasseziomycetes, sexual morph unknown, 18wa species,
type species M. furfur (C.P. Robin) Baill., saprobic, lipophilic, animal skin, some species pathogenic, see Velegraki
et al. 2015, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures available,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2000, Wang
et al. 2014a, 2015c, Wu et al. 2015f (phylogeny, genome).
Manuripia Singer 1960, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. bifida Singer, Bolivia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Marasmiellus Murrill 1915, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 260 species,
type species M. juniperinus Murrill, saprobic, few parasitic
on economically important plants (M. cocophilus Pegler,
on root of Cocos nucifera causing bole rot, Pegler 1977),
Nemergut et al. 2000 (bioremediation), worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Dutta et al. 2015a (phylogeny), new spp. see Noordeloos and Antonı́n 2008 (Europe), Kerekes and Desjardin
2009 (monograph, Crinipellis, Moniliophthora, Southeast
Asia), Antonı́n et al. 2010c (Korea), Antonı́n and
Noordeloos 2010 (Europe), Capelari et al. 2010b (Brazil),
Desjardin and Hemmes 2011 (Hawaii), Perez-De-Gregorio
et al. 2011 (Mediterranean), Mešić et al. 2012 (Croatia),
Retnowati 2012 (Java and Bali), Blanco-Dios 2015 (Spain),
Dutta et al. 2015c (India), Terashima et al. 2016 (Japan),
Retnowati 2018 (Java, Bali), Sesli et al. 2018b (Turkey).
Marasmius Fr. 1836, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 600 species, type
species M. rotula (Scop.) Fr., mostly saprophytic, few
parasitic (M. palmivorus Sharples, bunch rot of oil palm,
postharvest disease of coconut seedlings, on living Lagerstroemia speciosa tree, see Pong et al. 2012, Almaliky et al.
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
2013, Dutta and Acharya 2018), worldwide, some species
edible, fairy ring mushroom (M. oreades (Bolton) Fr.), see
Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms), Mešić and Tkalčec 2010 (new
names), Gröbe et al. 2011 (compounds), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Puccinelli
and Capelari 2009 (Brazil, section Sicci), Wannathes 2009
(Northern Thailand, monograph), Antonı́n et al. 2010b
(Korea, section Globulares), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010
(Europe), Noordeloos 2012a (key, Europe), Antonı́n et al.
2012b, c (Korea, section Sicci, section Hygrometrici),
Antonı́n 2013 (tropical Africa), Shay et al. 2017 (Madagascar), new spp. see Işıloğlu et al. 2009 (Turkey), Wannathes et al. 2009 (Northern Thailand), Antonı́n et al.
2010a, b (Korea), Deng and Li 2011 (China), Deng et al.
2011 (China), Papinutti and Lechner 2011 (Argentina), de
Oliveira and Capelari 2012 (Brazil), Deng et al. 2012
(China), Yang et al. 2013a (China), de Oliveira et al. 2014
(Brazil), Dutta et al. 2014 (India), Kiyashko et al. 2014
(Russia), Deng at al. 2015a (China), Dutta et al. 2015a
(India), Wang and Tzean 2015 (China), Farook and Manimohan 2015 (India), de Oliveira and Capelari 2016
(Brazil), Komura et al. 2016 (central Amazonia), Magnago
et al. 2016 (Brazil), Deng et al. 2017 (China), Liang et al.
2017a (China), Shay et al. 2017 (Madagascar), Tibpromma
et al. 2017 (India), Niveiro et al. 2018 (Argentina),
Sharafudheen and Manimohan 2018 (India), Wang et al.
2018e (India).
Maravalia Arthur 1922, Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, (= Acervulopsora Thirum. 1945, = Angusia
G.F. Laundon 1964, = Argomycetella Syd. 1922, = Scopella Mains 1939, = Scopellopsis T.S. Ramakr. & K.
Ramakr. 1947), 41 species, type species M. pallida Arthur
& Thaxt. ex Arthur, biotrophic on Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae,
Periplocaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, Verbenaceae, Zingiberaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics and subtropics, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see McTaggart et al. 2016a (phylogeny),
new spp. see McTaggart et al. 2008 (key to species on
Fabaceae), de Carvalho and Hennen 2009 (key to species).
Marchandiomyces Diederich & D. Hawksw. 1990, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph previously known in Marchandiomphalina Diederich, Manfr.
Binder & Lawrey 2007, three species, type species M.
corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw., lichenicolous, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available see Lawrey et al. 2008 (new spp.,
phylogeny), Diederich et al. 2018a (exclusion of some
species).
Marthanella States & Fogel 1999, incertae sedis, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species M. nidulosa States & Fogel, USA,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Masseeëlla Dietel 1895 (= Kamatomyces Sathe 1966), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, six species,
type species M. capparis (Hobson bis ex Cooke) Dietel,
biotrophic on Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae, terrestrial,
Ethiopia, India, Philippines, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see McTaggart et al.
2016a (phylogeny, evolution).
Matula Massee 1888, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
specie M. poroniiforme (Berk. & Broome) Massee, wooddecaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Mayamontana Castellano, Trappe & Lodge 2007,
Stephanosporaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type specie M. coccolobae
Castellano, Trappe & Lodge, wood-decaying, North
America, sequence data available, see Lebel et al. 2015
(phylogeny).
Megacollybia Kotl. & Pouzar 1972, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine
species, type species M. platyphylla (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
saprophytic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hughes et al. 2007
(monograph), new spp. see Coimbra et al. 2013b (Brazil),
Antonı́n et al. 2019 (phylogeny).
Megalocystidium Jülich 1978, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species M. leucoxanthum (Bres.) Jülich, wood-decaying, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003
(phylogeny).
Megasporia B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li 2013, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, ten species, type species M. hexagonoides
(Speg.) B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li, resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (subtropical, tropical), sequence data available,
see Li and Cui 2013b (new spp., new combinations, phylogeny, China), Yuan et al. 2017d (new spp. phylogeny,
monograph, China).
Megasporoporia Ryvarden & J.E. Wright 1982, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species M. setulosa (Henn.)
Rajchenb., resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Li and Cui
2013b (new spp., phylogeny, monograph, China).
Megasporoporiella B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li 2013,
Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, five species, type species M. cavernulosa
(Berk.) B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Hai J. Li, resupinate
233
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread (temperate region), sequence data available,
see Li and Cui 2013b (new spp., new combinations, phylogeny, monograph, China).
Mehtamyces Mundk. & Thirum. 1945, incertae sedis,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species M.
stereospermi (Mundk.) Mundk. & Thirum., biotrophic on
Bignoniaceae, terrestrial, India, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Meiorganum R. Heim 1966, Paxillaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species M. neocaledonicum R. Heim, Malaysia, New
Caledonia, America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Meira Boekhout, Scorzetti, Gerson & Sztejnb. 2003,
Brachybasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes,
four species, type species M. geulakonigii Boekhout,
Scorzetti, Gerson & Sztejnb., known only from saprobic
states, anamorphic genus, widespread, epiphytes and
endophytes, biocontrol of citrus mites, see Gerson et al.
2008 (biological control), Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures available, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c, new spp. see Rush
and Aime 2013 (USA), Limtong et al. 2017 (Thailand).
Melampsora Castagne 1843, (= Chnoopsora Dietel
1906; = Mesopsora Dietel 1922; = Necium Arthur
1907; = Podocystis Fr. 1849; = Podosporium Lév. 1847),
Melampsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 100
species, type species M. euphorbiae (Ficinus & C. Schub.)
Castagne, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, new spp. see Damadi et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Toome and Aime 2015 (phylogeny), Zhao et al.
2015e, f (phylogeny), Ali et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Zhao
et al. 2017b (M. epitea complex, phylogeny).
Melampsorella J. Schröt. 1874, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species M.
caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. Schröt., biotrophic on Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Pinaceae (alternate host), terrestrial, Europe, North America, Japan, Korea, Russia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Maier et al. 2003 (phylogeny).
Melampsoridium Kleb. 1899, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eleven species, type species M.
betulinum (Pers.) Kleb., biotrophic on Betulaceae, Magnoliaceae, Pinaceae (alternate host), terrestrial, Central and
North America, Europe, Asia, New Zealand (introduced),
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Aime et al. 2018a (phylogeny, evolution
between host, Pucciniales).
Melaniella R. Bauer, Vánky, Begerow & Oberw. 1999,
Melaniellaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two
species, type species M. oreophila (Syd.) R. Bauer, Vánky,
123
234
Begerow & Oberw., plant parasites (leaves, stems) on
Selaginellaceae, Indo-Pacific, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Melanoderma B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai 2011, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species M. microcarpum B.K. Cui & Y.C.
Dai, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, China,
sequence data available, see Cui et al. 2011b (taxonomy,
phylogeny, China), Yuan and Kan 2015 (new sp., phylogeny, tropical China).
Melanogaster Corda 1831, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 26 species, type
species M. tuberiformis Corda, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Moreau et al. 2013 (Europe, taxonomy), Truong et al. 2017b
(diversity).
Melanoleuca Pat. 1897, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species,
type species M. polioleuca (Fr.) Kühner & Maire, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Vizzini et al. 2012e (Europe), new spp. see
Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2013 (Mexico), Antonı́n et al.
2014b, 2015b, 2017b (Hungary, Europe, Korea), Yu et al.
2014 (China), Nawaz et al. 2017 (Pakistan).
Melanomphalia M.P. Christ. 1936, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species M. nigrescens M.P. Christ., Europe, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Guzmán-Dávalos et al. 2017 (M. argipoda is the
basionym of Crepidotus argipodus).
Melanophyllum Velen. 1921, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species M. haematospermum (Bull.) Kreisel, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Vellinga
2003 (phylogeny), Vellinga 2004 (phylogeny), Vellinga
et al. 2011 (phylogeny).
Melanopsichium Beck 1894, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species M. austroamericanum (Speg.) Beck, plant parasites (galls, various
parts) on Polygonaceae, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Melanotaenium de Bary 1874, Melanotaeniaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, nine species, type species M.
endogenum (Unger) de Bary, plant parasite (leaves, roots,
stems) on dicots, North America, South America, Northern
Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Melanotus Pat. 1900, Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 33 species, type
species M. bambusinus (Pat.) Pat., most species transferred
to Deconica (W.G. Sm.) P. Karst., saprotrophic on wood
and herbs, sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al.
2002 (phylogeny), recognized as Deconica sect. Melanotus
(Pat.) Noordel., see Noordeloos 2011.
Melanoxa M. Lutz, Vánky & R. Bauer 2013, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species,
type species M. oxalidis (Dietz & G.W. Fisch.) M. Lutz,
Vánky & R. Bauer, plant parasites (vegetative parts) on
Oxalidaceae, North America, cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, Lutz et al. 2012, Begerow et al.
2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Melanustilospora Denchev 2003, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species M.
ari (Cooke) Denchev, plant parasites (leaves) on Araceae,
Europe, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Melzericium Hauerslev 1975, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species M. udicola (Bourdot) Hauerslev, widespread,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Melzerodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980, incertae sedis,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species M. aculeata Hjortstam &
Ryvarden, wood-decaying, Tanzania, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Membranomyces Jülich 1975, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. spurius (Bourdot) Jülich, ectomycorrhizal,
Asia, Middle East, Europe, Canada, USA, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2006 (phylogeny, cantharelloid clade), Larsson
2007b (phylogeny, corticioid fungi), Argüelles-Moyao
et al. 2017 (ecology).
Mensularia Lázaro Ibiza 1916, Hymenochaetaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species M. radiata (Sowerby)
Lázaro Ibiza [current name: Xanthoporia radiata
(Sowerby) Ţura, Zmitr., Wasser, Raats & Nevo], woodrotting, widespread, sequence data available, new spp. see
Zhou 2014a (China), Wu et el. 2015b (China).
Meottomyces Vizzini 2008, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species M. dissimulans (Berk. & Broome) Vizzini,
Northern hemisphere, saprotrophic, sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (phylogeny), Vizzini 2008
(taxonomy), Halama and Rutkowski 2016 (new record,
Poland).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Meredithblackwellia Toome & Aime 2013, Kriegeriaceae,
Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species M. eburnea Toome & Aime,
yeast, plant material (fern), South America (Guyana),
cultures and sequence data available, see Toome et al.
2013, Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Meripilus P. Karst. 1882, Meripilaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species M. giganteus (Pers.) P. Karst., basidioma
composed of numerous pilei from a short stipe or base,
poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Merismodes Earle 1909, Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species M. fasciculata (Schwein.) Donk, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny, cyphelloid
homobasidiomycetes).
Merulicium J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1976, Pterulaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species M. fusisporum (Romell) J. Erikss. &
Ryvarden, Nordic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson 2007b (phylogeny).
Meruliophana Duhem & Buyck 2011, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species M. mahorensis Duhem & Buyck,
resupinate meruloid basidioma, wood-rotting, Mayotte
(France, Comoro Islands, Indian Ocean), sequence data
unavailable, see Duhem and Buyck 2011c (taxonomy,
Mayotte).
Meruliopsis Bondartsev 1959, Irpicaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species M. taxicola (Pers.) Bondartsev, resupinate
basidioma, merulioid or poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2013
(phylogeny, Polyporales), Jung et al. 2018 (phylogeny, new
combination, Gloeoporus s. l.).
Merulius Fr. 1821, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 150 species, type
species M. tremellosus Schrad., the generic limit of Merulius is not currently settled, see Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales), merulioid basidioma, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Binder
et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Mesophellia Berk. 1857, Mesophelliaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species,
type species M. arenaria Berk., Australia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006, 2008 (phylogeny, phylogeography).
235
Mesophelliopsis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1957, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species M. pernambucensis Bat. & A.F. Vital,
Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Metabourdotia L.S. Olive 1957, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species M. tahitiensis L.S. Olive, Tahiti,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Metraria (Cooke) Cooke & Massee 1891, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species M. insignis Sacc., Australia, Nigeria,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Metrodia Raithelh. 1971, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species M. collybioides Raithelh., Argentina, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Metulocyphella Agerer 1983, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species M. lanceolata Agerer, saprophytic, South
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Metulodontia Parmasto 1968, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. nivea (P. Karst.) Parmasto, wood-rotting,
white rot, sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson
2003 (phylogeny, russuloid basidiomycetes).
Metuloidea G. Cunn. 1965, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species M. tawa (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn., poroid or
hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (new combinations, phylogeny, revision,
monograph, genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Microbotryozyma S.O. Suh, D.A. Maslov, R.E. Molestina
& J.J. Zhou 2012, Ustilentylomataceae, Microbotryales,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. collariae S.O. Suh, D.A. Maslov, R.E.
Molestina & J.J. Zhou, insect, Costa Rica, cultures and
sequence data available, see Suh et al. 2012 (taxonomy),
Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Microbotryum Lév. 1847, Microbotryaceae, Microbotryales, Microbotryomycetes, c. 100 species, type species M. violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw., worldwide,
pathogenic, see Hood et al. 2010 (pathogenic on
Caryophyllaceae), Schäfer et al. 2010 (life cycle on Silene
latifolia), Badouin et al. 2015 (mating-type chromosomes,
M. lychnidis-dioicae), sequence data available, see Kemler
et al. 2009 (phylogeny), new spp., see He and Guo 2008
123
236
(China), Pia˛tek et al. 2012, 2013a (Europe), Ziegler et al.
2018 (Germany).
Microporellus Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species M. dealbatus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill,
stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
widespread (pantropical), sequence data unavailable, new
spp. see Decock 2007 (new combination, morphology,
Gabon), Medeiros and Ryvarden 2011 (morphology, south
America), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Microporus P. Beauv. 1805, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 13 species,
type species M. perula P. Beauv. (= M. xanthopus (Fr.)
Kuntze, fide Li et al. 2014c), stipitate basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (paleotropical),
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy), sequence data available, new combinations
see Hattori and Sotome 2013 (morphology, type study,
Malaysia, Singapore).
Micropsalliota Höhn. 1914 (= Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas
1999), Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, c. 70 species, type species M. pseudovolvulata Höhn., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2010
(Northern Thailand, monograph), Parra et al. 2016 (phylogeny), new spp. see Wei et al. 2015 (China), Chen et al.
2016c (Thailand), Terashima et al. 2016 (Japan).
Microsebacina P. Roberts 1993, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species M. fugacissima (Bourdot & Galzin) P.
Roberts, Tahiti, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Microsporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Microsporomycetaceae, incertae sedis,
Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species, type species M. magnisporus (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L.
Lee, Sugita, Jindam. & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015d, e (taxonomy, phylogeny), Bai et al. 2016 (new spp., China).
Microstella K. Ando & Tubaki 1984, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, sexual morph Basidiomycota,
one species, type species M. pluvioriens K. Ando &
Tubaki, Japan, aquatic, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Microstroma Niessl 1861, Microstromataceae, Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, 16 species, type species M.
album (Desm.) Sacc., plant parasites (leaves) mainly on
Fagales, widespread, saprobic yeast states, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c,
Kijpornyongpan and Aime 2016.
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Mikronegeria Dietel, in Dietel & Neger 1899 [1900],
Mikronegeriaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three
species, type species M. fagi Dietel & Neger, biotrophic on
Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae (alternate
hosts), Fagaceae, Onagraceae, terrestrial, South America
(Argentina, Chile), New Zealand, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Padamsee
and McKenzie 2017 (phylogeny, new combination, New
Zealand).
Milesia F.B. White 1878 [1877–1878], Pucciniastraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 20 species, type species
M. polypodii F.B. White, biotrophic on Polypodiaceae,
other families as asexual morph of various rust genera
(Cronartium, Hyalopsora, Melampsorella, Melampsoridium, Milesina, Naoidemyces, Pucciniastrum, Thekopsora,
Uredinopsis), terrestrial, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Maier et al.
2003 (phylogeny), new spp. see Berndt 2008a (new
records), McKenzie 2008, Yepes and de Carvalho 2009
(new species as asexual morph of Phakopsora sennae),
Afshan et al. 2010a.
Milesina Magnus 1909, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, c. 65 species, type species M. kriegeriana (Magnus) Magnus, biotrophic on Pinaceae (alternate
host), Polypodiaceae, terrestrial, North, South (Ecuador)
and Central America, Europe, southern Africa, Asia, New
Zealand, see Berndt 2008a (new names, new records), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
McTaggart et al. 2014 (phylogeny, rust on ferns).
Mimema H.S. Jacks. 1931, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species M. holwayi
H.S. Jacks., biotrophic on Fabaceae (Mimosa), terrestrial,
South America (Brazil), sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Minimedusa Weresub & P.M. LeClair 1971, incertae
sedis, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, three species, type
species M. polyspora (Hotson) Weresub & P.M. LeClair,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Lawrey et al. 2007 (lichen-associated
homobasidiomycetes, phylogeny).
Minostroscyta Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2001, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species M. discoidalis Hjortstam &
Ryvarden, Colombia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Mixia C.L. Kramer 1959, Mixiaceae, Mixiales, Mixiomycetes, presumably anamorphic (interpretation of
sporogenous cells and spores remains ambiguous), yeast
stage known, one species, type species M. osmundae
(Nishida) C.L. Kramer, intracellular phytoparasite on Osmunda and Osmundastrum ferns, China, Japan and USA,
see Sugiyama and Katumoto 2008 (genus accepted),
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Sugiyama et al. 2018
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(review), sequence data available, see Aime et al. 2006
(phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006 (phylogeny, simple-septate
basidiomycetes), Nishida et al. 2011 (genome sequencing),
Toome et al. 2014 (genome sequencing), Aime et al. 2014
(phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015d, e (phylogeny, yeast),
Sugiyama et al. 2018 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Miyagia Miyabe ex Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 (= Peristemma
Syd. 1921), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes,
three species, type species M. anaphalidis Miyabe, biotrophic, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Padamsee and
McKenzie 2017 (phylogeny, new combination, New
Zealand).
Moesziomyces Vánky 1977, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, seven species, type species M. bullatus
(J. Schröt.) Vánky, plant parasites (ovaries) on Poaceae,
widespread, saprobic yeast states on plants, cultures
available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Mollicarpus Ginns 1984, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. cognatus (Berk.) Ginns, pileate basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, southeast Asia,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Moniliella Stolk & Dakin 1966, Moniliellaceae,
Moniliellales, Moniliellomycetes, 15 species, type species
M. acetoabutans Stolk & Dakin, known only from saprobic
states, osmotolerant, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011
(taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), erythritolproducing, see Lin et al. 2010 (production of erythritol),
Kobayashi et al. 2015 (production of erythritol), sequence
data availbale, cultures available, see Rosa et al. 2009
(phylogeny, new spp.), new spp see Thanh et al.
2012, 2013, 2018 (Vietnam), Wang et al. 2014a, 2015c
(phylogeny).
Moniliophthora H.C. Evans, Stalpers, Samson & Benny
1978, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, seven species, type species M. roreri
(Cif.) H.C. Evans, Stalpers, Samson & Benny, worldwide,
pathogen causes Witches’ broom disease, see Kerekes and
Desjardin 2009 (monograph, Crinipellis, Moniliophthora,
southeast Asia), Marelli et al. 2009 (infection biology),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Mondego et al. 2008 (genome), Barbosa et al. 2018
(Genome sequence and effectorome), new spp. see Kropp
and Albee-Scott 2012 (Samoan Islands).
Monosporidium Barclay 1888 [1887] (= Kulkarniella
Gokhale & Patel 1952 [1951]), Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species M.
euphorbiae Barclay ex Sacc. 1891, biotrophic on Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Rubiaceae, terrestrial, India, see
237
Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003 (synonym of Endophyllum),
sequence data unavailable, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Montagnea Fr. 1836, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species M. arenaria (DC.) Zeller, secotioid, subtropical try
areas, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
Moreaua Liou & H.C. Cheng 1949, Anthracoideaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 39 species, type species
M. kungii Liou & H.C. Cheng, plant parasite (surface of
inner floral organs) on Cyperaceae, widespread (especially
Australia), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Morganella Zeller 1948, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species M. mexicana Zeller, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Alfredo et al. 2017 (Brazil),
sequence data available, gasteroid, see Larsson and Jeppson 2008 (phylogeny), new spp. see Alfredo et al. 2012a
(Brazil), Alves and Cortez 2013b (Brazil), Alfredo et al.
2014b (Brazil), Alves et al. 2017 (Brazil).
Morispora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá 2007,
Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, sexual
morph Gerwasia Racib. 1909, one species, type species M.
tenella (H.S. Jacks. & Holw.) Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card.
& Buriticá, biotrophic on Rosaceae (Rubus), terrestrial,
South America (Ecuador), sequence data unavailable, see
Salazar-Yepes et al. 2007 (taxonomy, morphology).
Mrakia Y. Yamada & Komag. 1987, Mrakiaceae,
Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, twelve species, type species M. frigida
(Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag.,
yeast, psychrophilic, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011
(taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu
et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny), Tsuji et al. 2018, 2019
(new spp.).
Mucidula Pat. 1887, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species M. mucida (Schrad.) Pat., sequence data available,
see Petersen and Hughes 2010 (phylogeny), Schoch et al.
2014 (molecular sequences for reference specimens).
Mucilopilus Wolfe 1979, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species Fistulinella viscida (McNabb) Singer, stipitatepileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, tropical to subtropical, sequence data available, M. castaneiceps does not form
a monophyletic group with some Fistulinella spp., see Wu
et al. 2016f (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Mucronella Fr. 1874, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
species M. calva (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., worldwide, see
123
238
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Larsson et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes), Dentinger and McLaughlin 2006 (phylogeny, Clavariaceae).
Multiclavula R.H. Petersen 1967, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type species M. corynoides (Peck) R.H. Petersen,
saprobes, lichenized, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nelsen
et al. 2007 (North America, phylogeny).
Multifurca Buyck & V. Hofst. 2008, Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten
species, type species M. ochricompacta (Bills & O.K.
Mill.) Buyck & V. Hofst., two subgenera (subg. Furcata
for lactarioid species, subg. Multifurca for russuloid species), agaricoid, presumed ectomycorrhizal, terrestrial,
worldwide (unknown from Africa and South America),
amphi-pacific distribution with strong preference for the
(sub)tropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Wang and
Liu 2010 (new record, morphology, China), sequence data
available, see Buyck et al. 2008 (phylogeny), Wang et al.
2018d (biogeography, new subgenus), Das et al. 2018
(epitypification), new spp. see Lebel et al. 2013 (Australia).
Mundkurella Thirum. 1944, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, five species, type species M.
heptapleuri Thirum., plant parasites (leaves, petioles,
stems, leaves) on Araliaceae, North America, Asia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang
et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Muribasidiospora Kamat & Rajendren 1968, Exobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, three species,
type species M. indica Kamat & Rajendren, plant parasites
on Anacardiaceae and Ulmaceae, India, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2001, 2002, 2014, Wang et al.
2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Murinicarpus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai 2019, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph uknown, two
species, type species M. subadustus (Z.S. Bi & G.Y.
Zheng) B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, China, sequence data
available, see Cui et al. 2019 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Muscinupta Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey 2009, incertae
sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species M. laevis (Fr.) Redhead, Lücking & Lawrey, see Lawrey et al. 2009 (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2006
(phylogeny).
Musumecia Vizzini & Contu 2011, Pseudoclitocybaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species M. bettlachensis Vizzini & Contu,
France, Italy, China, sequence data available, see Vizzini
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
et al. 2011a (genus introduced), new spp. see Musumeci
2014 (Europe), Li et al. 2016b (China, Italy).
Mutinus Fr. 1849, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, 21 species, type species M.
caninus (Huds.) Fr, terrestrial, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Giachini et al. 2010 (phylogeny, Gomphales), Degreef et al.
2013 (São Tomé), Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a (Phallales, phylogeny), new spp. see da Silva et al. 2015 (Brazil), Crous et al. 2017b (Brazil).
Mycaureola Maire & Chemin 1922, Physalacriaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species M. dilseae Maire & Chemin, marine,
pathogen of the red alga, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2006
(evolution, phylogeny).
Mycena (Pers.) Roussel 1806 (= Decapitatus Redhead &
Seifert 2000 fide Art. 59.1), Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph previously known in Decapitatus Redhead & Seifert 2000, c. 600 species, type
species M. galericulata (Scop.) Gray, saprotrophic,
pathogenic, orchid mycorrhizae, worldwide, many species
bioluminescent, see Desjardin et al. 2008a (bioluminescent
fungus), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Robich 2016
(Europe), sequence data available, see Harder et al. 2010
(Northern Europe, section Calodontes), Jaeger and Spiteller 2010 (compounds), Harder et al. 2013 (species
complex), Park and Lee 2013 (symbiotic, Gastrodia elata),
new spp. see Robich and Hausknecht 2008 (Austria),
Aronsen 2009 (Norway), Boonpratuang 2009 (Thailand),
Robich 2009 (Switzerland), Esteve-Raventos and Barrasa
2009 (Spain), Robich and Hausknecht 2009 (Mauritius),
Desjardin et al. 2010 (Brazil, Malaysia, Puerto Rico),
Aravindakshan and Manimohan 2011, 2012 (India, section
Polyadelphia), Aronsen and Perry 2012 (Norway), Niveiro
et al. 2012 (Argentina), Zamora and Català 2013 (Spain),
Aravindakshan and Manimohan 2013a, b, c, 2014 (new
section, section Galactopoda, section Exornatae, section
Longisetae), Chew et al. 2014 (Malaysia, bioluminescent
taxa), Shih et al. 2014 (China), Seok et al. 2015 (Korea),
Perry and Desjardin 2016 (California, USA), Desjardin
et al. 2016 (Brazil), Robich 2016 (Europe), Takahashi et al.
2016 (Japan), Miersch and Wilhelm 2017 (France), Wei
and Kirschner 2019 (China).
Mycenastrum Desv. 1842, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species, type
species M. corium (Guers.) Desv., gasteroid, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson and Jeppson 2008 (phylogeny), new
spp. see Gurgel et al. 2017 (Brazil).
Mycenella (J.E. Lange) Singer 1938, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten
species, type species M. cyatheae (Singer) Singer,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA
barcode).
Mycetinis Earle 1909, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species M. alliaceus (Jacq.) Earle ex A.W. Wilson &
Desjardin, basidiomas of garlic smelling, saprophytic,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Petersen and Hughes 2017 (taxonomy).
Mycoacia Donk 1931, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 16 species, type
species M. fuscoatra (Fr.) Donk, resupinate basidioma,
hydnoid hymenophore, wood-inhabiting, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Moreno et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Meruliaceae), Sjökvist
et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new sp. see Yuan and Wan 2013
(morphology, China).
Mycoaciella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden 1978, Meruliaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species M. bispora (Stalpers) J. Erikss. &
Ryvarden, resupinate basidioma, hydnoid hymenophore,
wood-inhabiting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogeny, corticioid fungi), new combination see Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009b (morphology).
Mycoalvimia Singer 1981, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. theobromicola Singer, Brazil, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accetped).
Mycoamaranthus Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk 1992,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species M. auriorbis Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk, sequestrate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, Australia, Africa, Southeast Asia, some
species edible (M. cambodgensis), see Lumyong et al.
2003, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Smith et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Mycocalia J.T. Palmer 1961, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species M. denudata (Fr. & Nordholm) J.T. Palmer,
worldwide, bird’s nests fungi, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Matheny et al. 2015
(taxonomy, dark-spored, phylogeny), new spp. see Crous
et al. 2018b (morphology, phylogeny, Brazil).
Mycocryptococcus Pollacci & Nann. 1927, Tremellaceae,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species M. copellii Pollacci & Nann.,
yeast, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2008.
Mycogloea L.S. Olive 1950, incertae sedis, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, seven species, type species M.
carnosa L.S. Olive, yeast stage described as
239
Kurtzmanomyces, mycoparasitic (mostly on Ascomycota),
North America, Japan, Thailand, sequence data available,
the genus is most likely polyphyletic, see Bauer et al. 2009
(phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015d, e (phylogeny, yeast).
Mycoleptodonoides Nikol. 1952, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type species M. vassiljevae Nikol., hydnoid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (Asia), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), some species edible (M.
aitchisonii (Berk.) Maas Geest.), see Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Choi et al. 2016b (compounds), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see Yuan and Dai
2009a (morphology, China), Das et al. 2013b (phylogeny,
morphology, India).
Mycolevis A.H. Sm. 1965, Albatrellaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. siccigleba A.H. Sm., terrestrial, North
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Mycopan Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2013, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species M. scabripes (Murrill)
Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, basidioma mycenoid,
sordid, on plant debris, sequence data unavailable, see
Redhead 2013a (taxonomy).
Mycorrhaphium Maas Geest. 1962, Steccherinaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six
species, type species M. adustum (Schwein.) Maas Geest.,
hydnoid hymenophore, terrestrial, widespread (USA, Europe, Africa, China), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Tervonen et al. 2015 (redescription of M. pusillum),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), Yuan 2014 (phylogeny,
Antrodiella, China), new sp. see Yuan and Dai 2009b
(morphology, China).
Mycorrhaphoides Hembrom, K. Das & Hallenb. 2017,
incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species M. stalpersii
Hembrom, Nilsson, A. Parihar, K. Das, A. Baghela & S.K.
Singh, wood-rotting, India, sequence data available, see
Hembrom et al. 2017b (taxonomy, China).
Mycosarcoma Bref. 1912, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, five species, type species M. maydis,
plant parasite (flowers) on Poaceae, widespread, saprotrophic yeast on plants, cultures available, sequence data
available, see McTaggart et al. 2016c (taxonomy).
Mycospongia Velen. 1939, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. juniperi Velen., sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Mycostigma Jülich 1976, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
123
240
species M. aegeritoides (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Mycostilla Spirin & V. Malysheva 2018, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, monotypic, type species
M. vermiformis (Berk. & Broome) Spirin & V. Malysheva
(previously Dacrymyces vermiformis), temperate European
forests, sequence data available, see Spirin et al. 2019a
(genus introduced, phylogeny).
Mycosyrinx Beck 1894, Mycosyringaceae, Urocystidales,
Ustilaginomycetes, asexual morph unkown, four species,
type species M. cissi (DC.) Beck, plant parasites (branches)
on Cissus spp. (Vitaceae), America, Asia, Africa, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a
(taxonomy).
Mycothele Jülich 1976, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. disciformis (G. Cunn.) Jülich, New Zealand, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accetped).
Mylittopsis Pat. 1895, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. langloisii Pat., USA, Malaysia, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Myochromella V. Hofst., Clémençon, Moncalvo & Redhead 2015, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species M.
inolens (Fr.) V. Hofstetter, Clémençon, Moncalvo &
Redhead, worldwide, basidioma agarioid, solitary, gregarious or occasionally paired (notcaespitose), sequence data
available, see Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae), Bellanger et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Myriococcum Fr. 1823, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, one species, type species M. praecox Fr.,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Koukol 2016 (phylogeny).
Myriostoma Desv. 1809, Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species M. anglicum Desv. [current name: M. coliforme
(Dicks.) Corda], widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Sousa
et al. 2017 (hidden species within M. coliforme).
Myriothele Nakasone 2013, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species M. philippiae (Boidin & Gilles) Nakasone,
hydnoid hymenophore, see Nakasone et al. 2013 (morphology), wood-rotting, Réunion, sequence data available,
see Wu et al. 2007 (phylogeny), Nakasone 2013 (new
genus, new combination, morphology, Epithele), Justo
et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Mythicomyces Redhead & A.H. Sm. 1986, Mythicomycetaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
unknown, one species, type species M. corneipes (Fr.)
Redhead & A.H. Sm., North temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Matheny
et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Vizzini et al. 2019 (phylogeny).
Myxariellum Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species M. concinnum Spirin & V.
Malysheva, North America (United States, Washington);
on rotten wood of Thuja, sequence data available, see
Spirin et al. 2019b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Myxarium Wallr. 1833, Hyaloriaceae, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species M. nucleatum Wallr., wood-decaying, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001 (taxonomy and
phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2018a, 2019b (taxonomy, phylogeny, new spp.)
Myxomphalia Hora 1960, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. two species,
type species M. maura (Fr.) Hora, North temperate, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Antonı́n 1999 (type revision), Moncalvo et al. 2002
(phylogeny), Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004 (Europe).
Naematelia Fr. 1818, Naemateliaceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, four
species, type species N. encephala (Pers.) Fr., mycoparasitic, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Naganishia S. Goto 1963, Filobasidiaceae, Filobasidiales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species N. globosa Goto, yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy
and phylogeny), new spp. see Fotedar et al. 2018 (Qatar).
Naiadolina Redhead, Labbé & Ginns 2013, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species N. flavomerulina
(Redhead) Redhead, H. Labbé & Ginns, worldwide,
sequence data available, see Redhead and Ginns 2013
(taxonomy), Hao et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Nannfeldtiomyces Vánky 1981, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species N. sparganii (Lagerh.) Vánky,
plant parasites on leaves of Sparganiaceae, Asia, Europe,
North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Nanstelocephala Oberw. & R.H. Petersen 1990, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species N. physalacrioides
Oberw. & R.H. Petersen, USA, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Naohidea Oberw. 1990, Naohideaceae, Naohideales,
Cystobasidiomycetes, yeast stage known, one species, type
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species N. sebacea (Berk. & Broome) Oberw., gelatinous
basidiocarps, mycoparasitic, Asia, Europe and North
America, see Pia˛tek 2002 (notes on distribution, Poland),
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer
et al. 2006 (phylogeny, simple-septate basidiomycetes),
Aime et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015e (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Naohidemyces S. Sato, Katsuya & Y. Hirats. 1993, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species,
type species N. vaccinii (Jørst.) S. Sato, Katsuya & Y.
Hirats. ex Vanderweyen & Fraiture, biotrophic on Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and Tsuga (Pinaceae, alternate host),
terrestrial, see Vanderweyen and Fraiture 2009 (validated
N. vaccinii), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Aime 2006 (phylogeny).
Narasimhania Thirum. & Pavgi 1952, Doassansiaceae,
Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species N. alismatis Pavgi & Thirum., plant parasites on leaves
of Alismataceae, Africa, South America, South Asia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Naucoria (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871 (= Alnicola Kühner 1926),
Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, 30 species, type species N. escharioides
(Fr.) P. Kumm., worldwide, see Henrici 2008 (Britain,
keys), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Garnica
et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Larsson et al. 2009b (phylogeny).
Navisporus Ryvarden 1980, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species N. floccosus (Bres.) Ryvarden, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (pantropical), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Vlasák et al. 2012 (USA), new spp. see Ryvarden 2018a
(morphology, Cameroon, Central African Republic).
Necator Massee 1898, Corticiaceae, Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Erythricium, one species, type
species N. decretus Massee, Southeast Asia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Neoalbatrellus Audet 2010, incertae sedis, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species N. caeruleoporus (Peck) Audet, poroid
hymenophore, wood-decaying, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, on soil, see Audet 2010 (taxonomy), sequence data
available, see Audet and Luther 2016 (new sp., phylogeny,
North America), Chen et al. 2017e (new sp., phylogeny,
China).
Neoaleurodiscus Sheng H. Wu 2010, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species N. fujii Sheng H. Wu 2010, wood-rotting,
241
Japan, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2010b (genus
introduced).
Neoalpova Vizzini 2014, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species N. rubescens (Vittad.) Vizzini, sequence data
unavailable, see Vizzini 2014a (taxonomy).
Neoantrodia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species N. serialis (Fr.) Audet, wood-rotting, sequence data
available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013 (antrodia clade of
Polyporales, phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2016a (phylogeny,
Antrodia s. s.), Han et al. 2016a (brown-rot fungi, phylogeny, new genera, Fomitopsis).
Neoantrodiella Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui, Jia J. Chen & H.S.
Yuan 2015, Neoantrodiellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species N. gypsea (Yasuda) Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui, Jia J. Chen
& H.S. Yuan, sequence data available, see Ariyawansa
et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Neoboletus Gelardi, Simonini & Vizzini 2014, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species, type species N. luridiformis (Rostk.) Gelardi,
Simonini & Vizzini, mostly stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, both edible (N. erythropus, Boa 2004) and poisonous species(N. venenatus, Matsuura et al. 2007),
Europe, North America, Asia, sequence data available, see
Wu et al. 2014b (phylogeny).
Neoburgoa Diederich, E. Zimm. & Lawrey 2016, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, only asexual
morph known (bulbil-forming), one species, type species
N. freyi Diederich, Zimmermann & Lawrey, lichenicolous,
widespread in the Alps, Russia, see Zhurbenko and PinoBodas 2017 (revision, lichenicolous fungi growing on
Cladonia), sequence data available, see Lawrey et al. 2016
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Neocampanella Nakasone, Hibbett & Goranova 2009,
Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species N. blastanos
(Boidin & Gilles) Nakasone, Hibbett & Goranova, lignicolous, Central African Republic, China, Mauritius, USA,
basidioma corticioid, sequence data available, see Nakasone et al. 2009 (taxonomy).
Neoclitocybe Singer 1962, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species N. byssiseda (Bres.) Singer, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, new spp. see Sá et al. 2016 (Brazil).
Neodatronia B.K. Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai 2014, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species N. gaoligongensis B.K.
Cui, Hai J. Li & Y.C. Dai, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, China, sequence data available, see Li et al. 2014b
(phylogeny, monograph, China).
123
242
Neodictyopus Palacio, Robledo, Reck & Drechsler-Santos
2017, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, three species, type species N. atlanticae
Palacio, Robledo & Drechsler-Santos, sequence data
available Palacio et al. 2017 (taxonomy).
Neofavolus Sotome & T. Hatt. 2013, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species N. alveolaris (DC.) Sotome & T.
Hatt., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread
(temperate), sequence data available, see Sotome et al.
2013 (new sp., new combinations, phylogeny), Seelan et al.
2015 (new combination, phylogeny), Zmitrovich and
Kovalenko 2016 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Neofomitella Y.C. Dai, Hai J. Li & Vlasák 2014, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species N. rhodophaea (Lév.)
Y.C. Dai, Hai J. Li & Vlasák, pileate basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (Asia), sequence
data available, see Li et al. 2014c (taxonomy, phylogeny,
China).
Neohygrocybe Herink 1958, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species N. ovina (Bull.) Herink, worldwide, two sections: sect. Neohygrocybe Herink 1958 and sect. Tristes
(Bataille) Lodge & Padamsee 2013, worldwide, sequence
data available, see Babos et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Lodge
et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae).
Neolentinus Redhead & Ginns 1985, Gloeophyllaceae,
Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
14 species, type species N. kauffmanii (A.H. Sm.) Redhead
& Ginns, wood-rotting, widespread, brown rot (N. lepideus), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), some species
edible (N. lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns), see Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), Jang et al. 2010 (cultivation), some species medicinal use (N. adhaerens (Alb. &
Schwein.) Redhead & Ginns), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), sequence data available,
see Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Nagy et al.
2015 (evolution, genome), Zmitrovich and Kovalenko
2016 (phylogeny, new combinations), Vlasenko et al. 2017
(Novosibirsk, new record).
Neolentiporus Rajchenb. 1995, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species N. maculatissimus (Lloyd) Rajchenb.,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread
(South America, Australia), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Pildain and
Rajchenberg 2013 (phylogeny, Postia s. l., Argentina).
Neolysurus O.K. Mill., Ovrebo & Burk 1991, Phallaceae,
Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species N. arcipulvinus O.K. Mill., Ovrebo &
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Burk, terrestrial, Costa Rica, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accetped).
Neomensularia F. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai 2016,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, four species, type species N.
duplicata F. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, wood-rotting,
sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2016a (taxonomy),
new spp. see Ji and Wu 2017b (China).
Neonothopanus R.H. Petersen & Krisai 1999, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species N. nambi (Speg.) R.H.
Petersen & Krisai, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
some species bioluminescent (N. nambi (Speg.) R.H.
Petersen & Krisai), on tree base, Australia, South America,
Central America, Malaysia, sequence data available, see
Chew et al. 2015 (Malaysia, phylogeny, bioluminescent
fungi), new combinations, see Capelari et al. 2011,
Neopaxillus Singer 1948, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species N. echinospermus (Speg.) Singer, America, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Watling and Aime 2013
(monograph), sequence data available, new spp. see Vizzini et al. 2012a (Dominican Republic).
Neosecotium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960, Agaricaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species N. macrosporum (Lloyd) Singer &
A.H. Sm., America, Africa, sequence data unavailable, see
Lizárraga et al. 2012 (Brazil), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Neotremella Lowy 1979, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species N. guzmanii Lowy, wood-decaying, North
America, Mexico, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Neotyphula Wakef. 1934, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species N. guianensis Wakef., Guyana,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Neovossia Körn. 1879, Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species N. moliniae (Thüm.)
Körn., plant parasite (ovaries) on Poaceae, Europa, Asia,
North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Newinia Thaung 1973, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species N. heterophragmatis Thaung, biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, terrestrial,
Nigeria, Myanmar, Thailand, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accetped).
Nia R.T. Moore & Meyers 1961, Niaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species N. vibrissa R.T. Moore & Meyers, worldwide,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
marine, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Binder et al. 2001 (N. vibrissa, phylogeny), Yamaguchi et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Nidula V.S. White 1902, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species N. candida (Peck) V.S. White, worldwide, bird’s
nests fungi, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Zhao et al. 2017c (phylogeny), new spp.
see Das and Zhao 2013 (India), Poinar 2014 (fossil).
Nidularia Fr. 1817, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species N. deformis (Willd.) Fr., worldwide, bird’s nests
fungi, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Matheny and Griffith 2010 (phylogeny).
Nidulariopsis Greis 1935, Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species N. melanocarpa Greis, Europe, North America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Nielozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes,
sexual morph unknown, two species, type species N.
melastomae (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.)
X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, Asia,
cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Niemelaea Zmitr., Ezhov & Khimich 2015, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species N. consobrina (Bres.)
Zmitr., Ezhov & Khimich, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, widespread, sequence data available, see Tomšovský et al. 2010b (phylogeny, Ceriporiopsis), new
combinations see Zmitrovich et al. 2015 (taxonomy, Russia, China), Papp 2016 (N. balaenae), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Nigroboletus Gelardi, Vizzini, E. Horak, T.H. Li & Ming
Zhang 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, one species, type species N.
roseonigrescens Gelardi, Vizzini, E. Horak, T.H. Li &
Ming Zhang, stipitate-pileate, China, sequence data available, see Gelardi et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Nigrohydnum Ryvarden 1987, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species N. nigrum Ryvarden, pileate basdiome,
hymenophore hydnoid to lamellate, wood-rotting, Brazil,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Robledo and de Mello Gugliotta 2013 (morphology, distribution).
Nigrofomes Murrill 1904, Nigrofomitaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species N. melanoporus (Mont.) Murrill,
wood-rotting, worldwide, sequence data available, see
243
Zhou et al. 2018 (accepted Nigrofomitaceae, phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Nigroporus Murrill 1905, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species N. vinosus (Berk.) Murrill, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (pantropical), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), Binder et al. 2013
(phylogeny, Polyporales).
Niveoporofomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016,
Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species N. spraguei
(Berk. & M.A. Curtis) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai,
widespread (temperate), annual pileate basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, sequence data
available, see Han et al. 2016a (new combination, phylogeny, morphology).
Nochascypha Agerer 1983, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species N. filicina (P. Karst.) Agerer, South America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Nothocastoreum G.W. Beaton 1984, Mesophelliaceae,
Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species N. cretaceum (Lloyd) G.W.
Beaton, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny, phylogeography).
Nothocorticium Gresl. & Rajchenb. 1999, incertae sedis,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species N. patagonicum Gresl. & Rajchenb.,
Argentina, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Notholepista Vizzini & Contu 2012, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species N. subzonalis (Peck) Vizzini & Contu,
worldwide, on the ground, never on wood, sequence data
available, see Vizzini et al. 2012b (taxonomy).
Nothophellinus Rajchenb. & Pildain 2015, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species N. andinopatagonicus
(J.E. Wright & J.R. Deschamps) Rajchenb. & Pildain,
proposed to accommodate Phellinus andinopatagonicus,
wood-rotting, white rot, Argentina, Chile, sequence data
available, see Rajchenberg et al. 2015 (poroid
Hymenochaetaceae).
Nothoravenelia Dietel 1910, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species N. japonica
Dietel, biotrophic on Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae, terrestrial, Malawi, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Nyssopsora Arthur 1906 (= Oplophora Syd. 1921),
Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eleven
123
244
species, type species N. echinata (Lév.) Arthur, biotrophic,
terrestrial on Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Meliaceae, Pittosporaceae, Sapindaceae, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, central America (Panama), see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Baiswar et al. 2014 (identification), new spp. see de Carvalho et al. 2014 (Panama).
Obba Miettinen & Rajchenb. 2012, Gelatoporiaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species O. valdiviana (Rajchenb.) Miettinen & Rajchenb., resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (subtropics to
boreal zone), sequence data available, see Miettinen and
Rajchenberg 2012 (taxonomy, phylogeny), Miettinen et al.
2016b (draft genome, O. rivulosa), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Oberwinkleria Vánky & R. Bauer 1995, Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species O.
anulata Vánky & C. Vánky, plant parasite (ovaries) on
Ortachne spp. (Poaceae), Venezuela, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Oberwinklerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, three species, type species O. yarrowii (Á. Fonseca & Uden) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al.
2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Occultifur Oberw. 1990, Cystobasidiaceae, Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, all species are able to develop a
yeast stage or are only known as yeast (O. brasiliensis and
O. tropicalis), c. nine species (probably an underestimation
as some species were recently discovered as yeast stages
from very different habitats), type species O. internus (L.S.
Olive) Oberw., ecological strategies variable, mycoparasitic, endophytic, epiphytic or soil yeasts, worldwide,
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), sequence data available,
see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006
(phylogeny, simple-septate basidiomycetes), Aime et al.
2014 (phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015e (phylogeny, yeast),
new spp. see Gomes et al. 2015 (Brazil), Kurtzman and
Robnett 2015 (USA), Khunnamwong et al. 2015 (Thailand,
Brazil), Khunnamwong et al. 2017, Šibanc et al. 2018
(Slovenia),
Ochropsora Dietel 1895, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, three species, type species O. sorbi
Dietel, biotrophic on Ranunculaceae (alternate host),
Araliaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Rosaceae, terrestrial, Europe,
Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Van der Merwe et al. 2007 (phylogeny).
Octaviania Vittad. 1831, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species, type
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species O. asterosperma Vittad., basidiomas sequestrate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Orihara et al. 2012b
(phylogeny, new spp., Japan), Choeyklin et al. 2012
(Thailand), Cabero et al. 2013 (Spain).
Odonticium Parmasto 1968, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species O. romellii (S. Lundell) Parmasto, worldwide,
sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny).
Odontiochaete Rick 1940, incertae sedis, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes. asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species O. alba Rick, Host-Substratum Brazilwood,
genus in need of modern interpretation, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Odontiopsis Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1980, Schizoporaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species O. hyphodontina
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, wood-rotting, widespread,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Odontoefibula C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu 2018, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, one species,
type species O. orientalis C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu, see
Chen et al. 2018 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Odoria V. Papp & Dima 2017, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species O. alborubescens (Bourdot & Galzin) V. Papp
& Dima, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
Europe, sequence data available, see Papp and Dima 2018
(new genus, new combination, phylogeny, type study),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Ofella Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species O. glaira (Lloyd) Spirin & V.
Malysheva, Europe (Estonia, Finland, Norway, Sweden),
on strongly rotten wood of conifers (Picea, Pinus),
sequence data available, see Spirin et al. 2019b (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Oligoporus Bref. 1888, Dacryobolaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species,
type species O. farinosus Bref. [current name: O. rennyi
(Berk. & Broome) Donk], poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread, sequence data available, see
Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see
Ryvarden 2018a (new combination, morphology, Ethiopia,
Malawi), new combinations, see Kotiranta et al. 2009
(nomenclature), Ryvarden and Melo 2014 (morphology),
Vlasák et al. 2016 (morphology, Costa Rica), Huckfeldt
and Schmidt 2017 (building-rot, Germany), Ryvarden et al.
2017 (morphology).
Olivea Arthur 1917 (= Tegillum Mains 1940), Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eight species, type
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species O. capituliformis (Henn.) Arthur, biotrophic, terrestrial on Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Sapotaceae, Verbenaceae, circumglobal in tropical regions, sequence data
available, see Aime 2006 (phylogeny).
Oliveonia Donk 1958, Oliveoniaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Oliveorhiza P. Roberts
1993, five species, type species O. fibrillosa (Burt) Donk,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available.
Omphaliaster Lamoure 1971, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species O. borealis (M. Lange & Skifte) Lamoure,
North temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002
(phylogeny).
Omphalina Quél. 1886, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type
species O. pyxidata (Bull.) Quél., worldwide, some species
lichen-forming, see Palice et al. 2005 (O. foliacea), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moreno et al. 2007 (O. giovanellae), Hartley et al. 2009
(phylogeny), Vizzini et al. 2012d (Italy), Osmundson et al.
2013 (DNA barcode), Zvyagina et al. 2015 (O. discorosea).
Omphalotus Fayod 1889 (= Lampteromyces Singer 1947),
Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, six species, type species O. olearius
(DC.) Singer, worldwide, some species bioluminescent,
Jack o’Lantern mushroom (O. olearius (DC.) Singer), on
wood, see Desjardin et al. 2008a (bioluminescent fungus),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
Wawrzyn et al. 2012 (genome), see Yang and Feng 2013
(China).
Onnia P. Karst. 1889, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species O. circinata (Fr.) P. Karst., woodrotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Zhou 2015b (Cylindrosporus
flavidus gen. et comb. nov. segregated from Onnia), new
spp. see Ji et al. 2017d (global diverisity, phylogeny, species on gymnosperms).
Orphanomyces Savile 1974, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, three species, type species O.
arcticus (Rostr.) Savile, plant parasites (leaves) on Carex
spp. (Cyperaceae), Europe, Asia, North America, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Osmoporus Singer 1944, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species O. odoratus (Wulfen) Singer, wood-decaying,
sequence data available, new combination see He et al.
2014.
245
Ossicaulis Redhead & Ginns 1985, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species O. lignatilis (Pers.) Redhead & Ginns,
North temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Holec and Kolařı́k 2013b (O. lachnopus), Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae).
Osteina Donk 1966, Dacryobolaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species O. obducta (Berk.) Donk, poroid basidioma, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread (Northern Hemisphere),
sequence data available, see Cui et al. 2014 (phylogeny,
distribution), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Osteomorpha G. Arnaud ex Watling & W.B. Kendr. 1979,
Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, possibly
asexual morph of Trechispora P. Karst. 1890, see Melnik
2011 (new record, Russia), one species, type species O.
fragilis G. Arnaud ex Watling & W.B. Kendr., saprobes,
terrestrial, genus in need of modern interpretation,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Oudemansiella Speg. 1881, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species O. platensis (Speg.) Speg., four sections:
sect. Dactylosporina (Clémençon) Pegler & T.W.K.Young,
sect. Mucidula (Pat.) Zhu L. Yang, Li F. Zhang, G.M.
Muell., G. Kost & Rexer, sect. Oudemansiella and
sect. Radicatae Clémençon, worldwide, some species edible (O. canarii (Jungh.) Höhn.), see Dai et al. 2010b
(Chinese edible mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Xu et al. 2016a (cultivation), sequence data
available, see Liu et al. 2009 (Thailand), Yang et al. 2009
(systematic arrangement), Petersen and Hughes 2010
(monograph), Wartchow 2014 (new combination).
Oxychaete Miettinen 2016, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species O. cervinogilva (Jungh.) Miettinen,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Miettinen et al.
2016a (polypores, Phanerochaetaceae), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk 1933, Oxyporaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 18 species, type species O. populinus (Schumach.) Donk, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Zmitrovich and
Malysheva 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see Cui and Dai
2009 (China), Ryvarden and Iturriaga 2010 (Neotropical
polypores), Hofm anad Ryvarden 2012 (Panama).
Pachnocybe Berk. 1836, Pachnocybaceae, Pachnocybales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species P. ferruginea
Berk., Europe, in wood, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Henk and Vilgalys
2007 (phylogeny), Vu et al. 2019 (DNA sequences).
123
246
Pachykytospora Kotl. & Pouzar 1963, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
four species, type species P. tuberculosa (Fr.) Kotl. &
Pouzar, the genus was treated as a synonym of Haploporus
Bondartsev & Singer 1944 fide Shen et al. 2016, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales).
Pachylepyrium Singer 1958, Tubariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. fulvidula (Singer) Singer (clustered in
Tubariaceae according to Matheny et al. 2015), North
temperate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Matheny et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Pagidospora Drechsler 1960, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. amoebophila Drechsler, USA, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Palaeocephala Singer 1962, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. cymatelloides (Dennis & D.A. Reid) Singer,
Sierra Leone, sequence data unavailable, see Antonı́n 2007
(Africa, monograph), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Panaeolina Maire 1933, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. foenisecii (Pers.) Maire, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Panaeolopsis Singer 1969, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species P. sanmartiniana Singer, worldwide, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél. 1872, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species P. papilionaceus (Bull.) Quél., asexual morph
unknown, worldwide, saprotrophic, on soil or dung, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Dulay et al. 2015
(compounds), sequence data available, see Walther et al.
2005 (phylogeny), Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA baorcode), new
spp. see Hausknecht and Krisai-Greilhuber 2009 (Austria,
morphology), Kaur et al. 2014a (India).
Panellus P. Karst. 1879, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 55 species, type
species P. stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst., some species bioluminescent (P. luminescens (Corner) Corner, Gdns’ Bull., P.
stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. 1879), edible Mukitake (P.
serotinus (Pers.) Kühner), see Desjardin et al. 2008a (bioluminescent fungus), Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), Inoue et al. 2013 (medicinal study), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Cortés-Pérez et al. 2017 (Mexico),
sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics,
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Osmundson et al.
2013 (DNA barcode), new spp. see Chew et al. 2015
(Malaysia, phylogeny, bioluminescent fungi).
Panus Fr. 1838, Panaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species, type species P.
conchatus (Bull.) Fr, wood-rotting, widespread, some
species medicinal use (P. conchatus (Bull.) Fr.), see Dai
and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Sanuma et al. 2016 (edible mushrooms, Brazil), sequence data available, see Vargas-Isla
et al. 2015 (mating studies, morphology, phylogeny), new
spp. see Drechsler-Santos et al. 2012b (Brazil), Njouonkou
et al. 2013 (Cameroon), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (Thailand),
Zmitrovich et al. 2018a (Russia).
Papiliotrema J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Bauer 2002,
Rhynchogastremaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes,
sexual and asexual morphs known, 30 species, type species
P. bandonii J.P. Samp., Gadanho, M. Weiss & R. Bauer,
yeast, mycoparasite, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011
(taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu
et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny), new spp. see Into
et al. 2018 (Thailand, French Guiana), Yurkov and
Kurtzman 2019 (USA).
Pappia Zmitr. 2018, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph chlamydosporic, one species,
type species P. fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Zmitr.,
tyromycetoid basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Papyrodiscus D.A. Reid 1979, incertae sedis, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. ferrugineus D.A. Reid, Papua New Guinea,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Paragymnopus J.S. Oliveira 2019, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species P. perforans (Hoffm.) J.S. Oliveira,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Oliveira et al.
2019 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Paragyrodon (Singer) Singer 1942, Paxillaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. sphaerosporus (Peck) Singer, North
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Parahaplotrichum W.A. Baker & Partr. 2001, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. idahoense W.A.
Baker & Partr., North America, wood-decaying, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Parajaminaea T. Kij. & Aime 2017, incertae sedis,
Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type
species P. albiziae (Syd. & P. Syd.) Kijporn. & Aime, plant
parasite (leaves) on Albizia (Fabaceae), Africa, saprobic
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
yeast state vectored by birds, cultures available, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c
(phylogenetic classification of yeasts, Ustilaginomycotina),
Kijpornyongpan and Aime 2017 (description).
Paralepistopsis Vizzini 2012, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. amoenolens (Malençon) Vizzini, two species, type species P. amoenolens (Malençon) Vizzini,
North Africa (Morocco), Southern and Southwestern Europe, Asia (Japan and South Korea), sequence data available, see Vizzini and Ercole 2012 (taxonomy).
Paraphelaria Corner 1966, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Pucciniomycotina, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. amboinensis (Lév.) Corner, Java, South
Pacific, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Parapterulicium Corner 1952, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species P. subarbusculum Corner, Brazil, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple 2001, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, c. 27 species, type species P. plicatilis (Curtis)
Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple, worldwide, saprobic, coprinoid, sequence data available, see Uljé 2005 (morphology,
monograph, Coprinus s. l.), Nagy et al. 2010a (type studies,
nomenclature), Schafer 2010 (key to sections), sequence
data available, see Nagy et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Nagy
et al. 2011 (phylogeny, evolution, Psathyrellaceae), Szarkándi et al. 2017 (phylogeny, morphology, new sp.), new
spp. see Schafer 2014 (UK), Hussain et al. 2017 (Pakistan),
Ganga and Manimohan 2018 (India), Hussain et al. 2018c
(Pakistan).
Parastereopsis Corner 1976, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. borneensis Corner, tubaeform basidioma,
genus in need of modern interpretation, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Paratrichaptum Corner 1987, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. accuratum Corner, Sumatra,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Paratritirachium Beguin, Pyck & Detandt 2012, Tritirachiaceae, Tritirachiales, Tritirachiomycetes, asexual
morph known, two species, type species P. cylindroconium
(de Hoog) Beguin, Pyck & Detandt, sequence data available, see Nguyen et al. 2013b (taxonomy), new sp. see
Nguyen et al. 2014 (Canada).
Paraxerula R.H. Petersen 2010, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species P. americana (Dörfelt) R.H. Petersen,
Europe, East Asia, North America, sequence data
247
available, see Petersen and Hughes 2010 (monograph), new
spp. see Qin et al. 2014a (China).
Parvixerocomus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, aseuxal morph unknown, two
species, type species P. pseudoaokii G. Wu, Kuan Zhao &
Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, China, Japan, see sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2014b, 2016e (phylogeny,
morphology).
Parvobasidium Jülich 1975, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species P. cretatum (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich, woodrotting, widespread, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Parvodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2004, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species P. luteocystidia
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, wood-rotting, sequence data
unavailable, new spp. see Baltazar et al. 2016 (type studies,
morphology).
Parvulago R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky & Oberw.
2007, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes,
one species, type species P. marina (Durieu) R. Bauer, M.
Lutz, Pia˛tek, Vánky & Oberw., plant parasite (base of
culms, basal leaves) on Eleocharis parvulus (Cyperaceae),
Europe, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Pascua Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi,
Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita 2019, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. guehoae (Middelhoven,
Scorzettii & Fell) Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi, Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita, yeast, soil, Europe,
sequence data available, see Takashima et al. 2019 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pattersoniomyces Pia˛tek, M. Lutz & C.A. Rosa 2017,
Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species P. tillandsiae (F. Patt. ex G.P. Clinton)
Pia˛tek, M. Lutz, M.F. Landell & C.A. Rosa, plant parasite
(inflorescences) on Poaceae, widespread, saprobic yeast on
plant surfaces, cultures available, sequence data available,
see Piatek et al. 2017 (taxonomy).
Paulisebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess 2014, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. allantoidea (R.
Kirschner & Oberw.) Oberw., Garnica K. Riess & R.
Kirschner, worldwide, sequence data available, see Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Paullicorticium J. Erikss. 1958, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species P. pearsonii (Bourdot) J. Erikss., see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Hibbett and Binder 2002 (phylogenetic placement).
123
248
Paxillogaster E. Horak 1966, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. luteus E. Horak, South America, basidioma
sequestrate, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Paxillus Fr. 1836, Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, 19 species, type species P.
involutus (Batsch) Fr., ectomycorrhizal, widespread, some
species edible (P. involutus (Batsch) Fr.), see Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), some medicinal use (P.
involutus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr.), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hedh et al. 2008 (P.
involutus), Nieto and Carbone 2009 (ecology), Vellinga
et al. 2012 (P. albidulus, P. ammoniavirescens, and P.
validus revisited), Jiménez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castill 2015
(phylogeny, taxonomy), new spp. see Gelardi et al. 2014b
(south-western China), Jargeat et al. 2014, 2016 (Europe,
North Africa).
Peglerochaete Sarwal & Locq. 1983, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. setiger Sarwal & Locq., Sikkim,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Pegleromyces Singer 1981, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. collybioides Singer, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pellidiscus Donk 1959, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species P. pallidus (Berk. & Broome) Donk [current name:
Crepidotus pallidus (Berk. & Broome) Knudsen], Europe,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny,
cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes).
Peniophora Cooke 1879, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species,
type species P. quercina (Pers.) Cooke, worldwide, wooddecaying, white rot (P. cinerea (Pers.) Cooke), see Okamoto et al. 2010 (ethanol production), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nagy et al.
2015 (genome, evolution).
Peniophorella P. Karst. 1889, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
25 species, type species P. pubera (Fr.) P. Karst., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Hallenberg et al. 2007 (P. praetermissa
species complex), Larsson 2007a (phylogeny), new spp.
see Duhem and Buyck 2011b (France).
Perenniporia Murrill 1942, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 100 species,
type species P. medulla-panis (Jacq.) Donk, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan, see
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Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Robledo et al. 2009
(phylogeny), new spp. see Xiong and Cui 2008 (morphology, China), Choeyklin et al. 2009 (morphology, Thailand), Dai 2010a (morphology, Northeast China), De Jesus
and Ryvarden 2010 (morphology, Brazil), Dai et al. 2011
(morphology, China), Decock and Ryvarden 2011 (new
combination, morphology, Neotropics), Decock et al. 2011
(morphology, Cameroon), Cui and Zhao 2012 (phylogeny,
China), Decock and Bitew 2012 (morphology, Ethiopia),
Zhao and Cui 2012, 2013b (phylogeny, southern China),
Decock and Ryvarden 2013, 2015 (morphology, Costa
Rica, Zimbabwe), Zhao et al. 2013a, 2014a (phylogeny,
China), Jang et al. 2015a (morphology, South Korea),
Decock 2016 (morphology, Neotropics), Gomes-Silva
et al. 2016 (morphology, Brazil), Spirin and Ryvarden
2016 (morphology, Mexico), Crous et al. 2017a (phylogeny, Brazil), Huang et al. 2017 (phylogeny, southern
China), Ji et al. 2017a (phylogeny, Thailand), Liu et al.
2018c (morphology, southern China), Ryvarden 2018a
(morphology, Cameroon, Mozambique), Shen et al. 2018b
(new species, USA), new combination, see Hattori and
Sotome 2013 (morphology, type study, Malaysia).
Perenniporiella Decock & Ryvarden 2003, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species P. neofulva (Lloyd) Decock &
Ryvarden, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
Central and South America, sequence data available, see
Robledo et al. 2009 (new sp., phylogeny, Neotropics),
Decock et al. 2010 (new combination, phylogeny, Mexico,
Southeastern USA).
Perenniporiopsis C.L. Zhao 2017, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. minutissima (Yasuda) C.L. Zhao,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, temperate
east Asia, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2017b
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pericladium Pass. 1875, Pericladiaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, three species, type species P. grewiae
Pass., plant parasites (galls on stems) on Tiliacea, South
Africa, South Asia, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Peridermium (Link) J.C. Schmidt & Kunze 1817 (= Hypodermium subgen. Peridermium Link 1816, = Peridermium (Link) Wallr. 1833), Cronartiaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph of Chrysomyxa Unger
1840, Coleosporium Lév. 1847, Cronartium Fr. 1815,
Hyalopsora Magnus 1902, Melampsorella J. Schröt. 1874,
Milesina Magnus 1909, Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth 1861,
Thekopsora Magnus 1875, c. 50 species, type species P.
elatinum Kunze & J.C. Schmidt (cons. type), biotrophic on
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
gymnosperms especially Pinaceae, terrestrial, North
America, Mexico, Argentina, Russia, China, India, Japan,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Vogler and Bruns 1998 (phylogeny).
Peridiopsora Kamat & Sathe 1969, Pucciniastraceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species P.
adelocaryi Kamat & Sathe, biotrophic on Boraginaceae,
Moraceae, terrestrial, India, sequence data unavailable, see
Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003 (synonym of Milesia), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Perplexostereum Ryvarden & Tutka 2014, incertae sedis,
Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. endocrocinum (Berk.) Ryvarden &
Tutka, wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data available,
see Liu et al. 2017e (Echinodontium, phylogeny).
Peyronelina P.J. Fisher, J. Webster & D.F. Kane 1976,
Niaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
Glyphium Nitschke ex F. Lehm. 1886, one species, type
species P. glomerulata P.J. Fisher, J. Webster & D.F. Kane,
America, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Yamaguchi et al. 2009
(taxonomy).
Phacellula Syd. 1927, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species P. gouaniae
Syd., parasite (leaves) on Gouania spp. (Rhamnaceae),
Costa Rica, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Seifert and
Bandoni 2001 (revision).
Phaeoaphelaria Corner 1953, Aphelariaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. australiensis Corner, saprobes, on
wood, Australia, terrestrial, North America and Europe,
genus in need of modern interpretation, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeoclavulina Brinkmann 1897, Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 41 species, type species P. macrospora Brinkmann, widespread,
some species are ectomycorrizal (P. abietina with Pinus,
Betula and Pseudotsuga), see González-Ávila et al. 2013
(species diversity, ecological patterns, Mexico), sequence
data available, see Giachini et al. 2010 (systemics study),
Maneevun et al. 2012 (Thailand).
Phaeocollybia R. Heim 1931, Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 80
species, type species P. lugubris (Fr.) R. Heim, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Norvell and Exeter
2007 (western North America), sequence data available,
new spp. see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny, including in
the Hymenogastraceae clade), Halling and Horak 2008
(Costa Rica), Wei et al. 2010 (China), Coimbra et al. 2012
(Brazil), Khan et al. 2016 (Pakistan), Horak 2018 (monograph, New Zealand).
249
Phaeodepas D.A. Reid 1961, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. dennisii D.A. Reid, Venezuela, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeolepiota Maire ex Konrad & Maubl. 1928, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. aurea (Matt.) Maire,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), Saar et al. 2009 (phylogeny,
Cystoderma, Cystodermella).
Phaeolus (Pat.) Pat. 1900, Laetiporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species P. schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., poroid hymenophore,
terrestrial or wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013 (phylogeny, antrodia clade), Song
and Cui 2017 (phylogeny), new sp. see De Jesus and
Ryvarden 2010 (morphology, Brazil), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Phaeomarasmius Scherff. 1897, Tubariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species P. excentricus Scherff., worldwide, saprotrophic, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny,
basidiospore ultrastructure), Matheny et al. 2007a, b
(phylogeny), Petersen et al. 2010 (phylogeny, accepted in
Tubariaceae), Kim et al. 2015 (Korea), Horak 2018
(monograph, New Zealand, new sp.).
Phaeomycena R. Heim ex Singer & Digilio 1952, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species P. aureophylla R.
Heim, Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeophlebiopsis Floudas & Hibbett 2015, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, three species,
asexual morph unknown, type species P. caribbeana D.
Floudas & Hibbett, resupinate basidioma, smooth hymenophore, wood-rotting, USA, sequence data available, see
Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (taxonomy, USA), Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy, new combinations).
Phaeopholiota Locq. & Sarwal 1983, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. crinipellis Locq. & Sarwal, Sikkim,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Phaeoporotheleum (W.B. Cooke) W.B. Cooke 1961,
Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species P. revivescens (Berk.
& M.A. Curtis) W.B. Cooke, Cuba, Argentina, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeoradulum Pat. 1900, incertae sedis, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
123
250
type species P. guadelupense Pat., West Indies, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeosolenia Speg. 1902, Chromocyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species P. platensis Speg., South America,
Brazil, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny,
cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes), Sulzbacher et al. 2009
(Southern Brazil), Petersen et al. 2010 (phylogeny,
Crepidotaceae).
Phaeotrametes Lloyd ex J.E. Wright 1966, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. decipiens (Berk.) J.E. Wright,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread (Southern
Hemisphere), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Phaeotremella Rea 1912, Phaeotremellaceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, eleven species, type species P. frondosa (Fr.) Spirin & V.
Malysheva (= P. pseudofoliacea Rea), yeast, mycoparasite,
worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu
et al. 2015b, Spirin et al. 2018b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Phaffia M.W. Mill., Yoney. & Soneda 1976, Mrakiaceae,
Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, one species, type species P. rhodozyma
M.W. Mill., Yoney. & Soneda, yeast, widespread, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Phakopsora Dietel 1895, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, (= Physopella Arthur 1905, = Bubakia
Arthur 1906, = Angiopsora Mains 1934, = Stakmania
Kamat & Sathe 1968, = Malupa Y. Ono, Buriticá & J.F.
Hennen 1992, = Batistopsora Dianese, R.B. Medeiros &
L.T.P. Santos 1993, = Uredostilbe Buriticá & J.F. Hennen
1994, = Uredendo Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994 [nom.
inval.]), 116 species, type species P. punctiformis (Barclay
& Dietel) Dietel, asexual morphs Malupa, Uredendo,
Uredostilbe, biotrophic on c. 30 families including Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Berndt et al. 2008 (new sp., Cameroon, South Africa,
Brazil), Yepes and de Carvalho 2009 (new spp., Brazil),
Berndt and Wood 2012, Ono et al. 2012 (Japan), Pota et al.
2013 (Japan), Beenken 2014 (on Annona), Ono 2016 (Japan), Maier et al. 2016 (new combinations, new species,
Eastern and Southern Africa).
Phallobata G. Cunn. 1926, Trappeaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. alba G. Cunn., Australia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
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Phallogaster Morgan 1893, Phallogastraceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. saccatus Morgan, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Hosaka et al. 2008 (phylogeography), Osmundson et al.
2013 (DNA barcoding).
Phallus Junius ex L. 1753, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 34 species, type
species P. impudicus L., worldwide, stinkhorn, some species edible (P. fragrans M. Zang), see Hemmes and Desjardin 2009 (morphology, Hawaiian islands), Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), Dutta et al. 2012 (India), Hosaka 2012 (Thailand), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Magnago et al. 2013b (Phallales, tropical
Atlantic Forest of Brazil), sequence data availale, see
Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2014a (phylogeny, Phallales), new
spp. see Calonge et al. 2008 (Madeira, Portugal), Moreno
et al. 2009 (Pakistan), Desjardin and Perry 2009 (São
Tomé, Africa), Li et al. 2014d, 2016d (China), Rebriev
et al. 2014 (Vietnam), Adamčı́k et al. 2015 (China),
Medeiros et al. 2017 (Brazil), Song et al. 2018a (China) .
Phanerina Miettinen 2016, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. mellea (Berk. & Broome) Miettinen,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Miettinen et al.
2016b (Polypores, Phanerochaetaceae), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Phanerochaete P. Karst. 1889, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 80
species, type species P. velutina (Fr.) P. Karst, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Spirin et al. 2017b (generic
type, nomenclature, taxonomy), resupinate basidioma,
varied hymenophore (smooth, hydnoid or poroid), woodrotting, white rot, widespread, biotechnological application, see Syed and Yadav 2012 (bioremediation,
P. chrysosporium), Mori et al. 2017 (bioremediation,
neonicotinoid insecticide, P. sordida), sequence data
available, Martinez et al. 2004 (genome, P. chrysosporium), Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (new spp., phylogeny,
Finland, USA), new spp. see Nakasone 2008 (morphology,
new combination, type study, Germany), Hjortstam et al.
2009 (morphology, new combination, Australia, monograph), see Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2015 (new spp., phylogeny, China), Volobuev et al. 2015 (new spp., new
combination, phylogeny, Russia), Liu and He 2016a
(phylogeny, China), Sadlikova and Kout 2017 (phylogeny,
Thailand), new combination see Melo et al. 2012 (morphology, type study, Madeira), Miettinen et al. 2016a
(phylogeny, Phanerochaetaceae).
Phanerodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010, incertae
sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, four species, type species P. dentata Hjortstam
& Ryvarden, the genus was treated as a synonym of
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Phanerochaete P. Karst. 1889, see Miettinen et al. 2016a
(phylogeny, Phanerochaetaceae), resupinate basidioma,
smooth to hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot,
tropical, sequence data available, new sp. see Hjortstam
and Ryvarden 2010c (taxonomy, Argentina).
Phaneroites Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2010, incertae sedis,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. subquercinus (Henn.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, resupinate basidioma, hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence
data unavailable, see Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2010c
(taxonomy).
Phellinidium (Kotl.) Fiasson & Niemelä 1984, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, five species, type species P. ferrugineofuscum (P. Karst.) Fiasson & Niemelä, Europe, some species medicinal use (P. lamaënse (Murrill) YC Dai), see Dai
and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Bödeker et al. 2009 (ectomycorrhizal fungi), Zhou et al. 2016d
(monograph), new spp. see Zhou et al. 2014 (America).
Phellinopsis Y.C. Dai 2010, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten
species, type species P. conchata (Pers.) Y.C. Dai, woodrotting, white rot, sequence data available, see Zhou and
Qin 2013b (phylogeny, taxonomy), Zhou 2015a (taxonomy), new spp. see Qin and Zhou 2013 (China),
Rajchenberg et al. 2015 (Argentina), Zhou and Song 2017
(China).
Phellinotus Drechsler-Santos, Robledo & Rajchenb. 2016,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species P.
neoaridus Drechsler-Santos & Robledo, wood-rotting,
white rot, poroid hymenophore, Brazil, Peru, sequence data
avaiable, new spp. see Drechsler-Santos et al. 2016
(Brazil).
Phellinus Quél. 1886, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 202
species, type species P. igniarius (L.) Quél., worldwide,
some species medicinal use (P. baumii Pilát, P. conchatus
(Pers.: Fr.) Quél.), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Vlasak and Kout 2011 (new
combination, USA), de Campos Santana et al. 2016 (phylogeny, new sp.), new spp. see Yombiyeni et al. 2011
(Guineo-Congolian rainforest), Cui and Decock 2013
(China), Bian et al. 2016c (China), Vlasak and Vlasak 2017
(USA), Soares et al. 2018 (Brazil).
Phellodon P. Karst. 1881, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species, type
species P. niger (Fr.) P. Karst., worldwide, terrestrial, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
251
see Ainsworth et al. 2010 (cryptic taxa, European species),
Baird et al. 2013a, b (phylogeny).
Phellopilus Niemelä, T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2001,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P.
nigrolimitatus (Romell) Niemelä, T. Wagner & M. Fisch.,
worldwide, sequence data available.
Phellorinia Berk. 1843, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. herculeana (Pers.) Kreisel, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
Martin et al. 2000 (phylogeny).
Phenoliferia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Kriegeriaceae, Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species, type species P. psychrophenolica (Margesin & J.P. Samp.) Q.M.
Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, psychrophilic, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Phialastrum Sunhede 1989, Geastraceae, Geastrales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. barbatum (Dissing & M. Lange) Sunhede,
Africa (tropical), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Phlebia Fr. 1821, Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species, type
species P. radiata Fr., corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogeny), Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Polyporales),
Sjökvist et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. Duhem 2009
(new combinations, new name, morphology, France),
Bernicchia and Goijon 2010 (morphology, corticioid fungi,
Europe, monograph, Italy), Singh et al. 2010a (morphology, India), Ghobad-Nejhad and Yurchenko 2012 (morphology, Azerbaijan), Duhem 2013 (morphology, France),
Kaur et al. 2017 (India), Shen et al. 2018a (phylogeny,
China), new combinations see Tura et al. 2011 (morphology, monograph, Israel), Gorjón and Greslebin 2012 (type
study, New Zealand), Baltazar et al. 2016 (morphology,
type study), needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see Justo et al. 2017.
Phlebiella P. Karst. 1890, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 20 species, type
species P. vaga (Fr.) P. Karst, wood-rotting, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Ghobad-Nejhad and Kotiranta 2007 (phylogeny), Larsson 2007b (phylogeny).
Phlebiopsis Jülich 1978, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 22 species, type
species P. gigantea (Fr.) Jülich, resupinate basidioma,
smooth or tuberculate hymenophore, wood-rotting, white
rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
123
252
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see
Larsson 2007b (phylogeny), Hori et al. 2014 (genome,
P. gigantea), new spp. see Douanla-Meli and Langer 2009a
(morphology, Cameroon), Dhingra and Kaur 2011 (morphology, India), Kaur et al. 2015a (morphology, India),
new combinations see Wu et al. 2010a (phylogeny,
Phanerochaete s. l.), Floudas and Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny, Phanerochaete s. l.), Miettinen et al. 2016a (phylogeny, Phanerochaetaceae).
Phlebiporia Jia J. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai 2014,
Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, resupinate basidioma, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, China, type species
P. bubalina Jia J. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, sequence
data available, see Chen and Cui 2014b (taxonomy, phylogeny, China), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Phlebogaster Fogel 1980, Claustulaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. laurisylvicola Fogel, terrestrial, Canary
Islands, Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (gomphoidphalloid fungi, phylogeny).
Phlebonema R. Heim 1929, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. chrysotingens R. Heim, Madagascar,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Phlebophyllum R. Heim 1969, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. vitellinum R. Heim & Gilles, Gabon,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Phlebopus (R. Heim) Singer 1936, Boletinellaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type species P. colossus (R. Heim) Singer,
saprotrophs, possibly ectomycorrhizal with exotic trees,
widespread (pantropical), south temperate in Australia,
some species edible (P. marginatus (J. Drumm. ex Berk.)
Watling & N.M. Greg.), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2014b
(phylogeny), new spp. see Pham et al. 2012 (southern
Vietnam), Baroni et al. 2015 (Mexico).
Phleogena Link 1833, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales,
Atractiellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. faginea (Fr.) Link, saprobic, on bark of
decaying deciduous trees (mainly Fagus and Querqus),
worldwide (northern temperate), sequence data available,
see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006
(phylogeny, simple-septate basidiomycetes).
Phloeomana Redhead 2013, Porotheleaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species P. speirea (Fr.) Redhead, worldwide, basidiomas
mycenoid, fuscous, on bark and decayed phloem, sequence
data unavailable, see Redhead 2013a (taxonomy).
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Phlyctibasidium Jülich 1974, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. polyporoideum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Jülich, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Strophariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 157 species,
type species P. squarrosus Batsch, some species edible,
nameko (P. nameko (T. Itô) S. Ito & S. Imai), see Hall et al.
2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), medicinal use (P. adiposa sensu Holec), see
Zhang et al. 2009 (compounds), Noordeloos 2011 (Europe,
monograph), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Siegel
et al. 2015 (P. olivaceophylla, P. nubigena), new spp. see
Cortez 2008 (south America), Matheny and Bougher 2010
(new combination), Tian and Bau 2013 (China). Holec
et al. 2014 (Europe), Holec et al. 2014 (Europe), Niveiro
et al. 2014b (Argentina), Tian et al. 2016 (China).
Pholiotina Fayod 1889, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 56 species, type
species P. blattaria (Fr.) Fayod [current name: Conocybe
blattaria (Fr.) Kühner], worldwide, saprotrophic, sequence
data available, see Hausknecht 2009, Hausknecht et al.
2009 (temperate Asia), Malysheva 2011 (Russia), Kalamees et al. 2013 (checklist, Estonia), Osmundson et al.
2013 (DNA barcode), Tóth et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Bolbitiaceae), new spp. see Crous et al. 2017a (Russia),
Siquier and Salom 2018 (Spain).
Phragmidiella Henn. 1905 (= Santapauella Mundk. &
Thirum. 1945), Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eight species, type species P. markhamiae
Henn., biotrophic on Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Meliaceae, terrestrial, Tanzania, Uganda, Brazil, Caribbean,
India, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Phragmidium Link 1816 (= Aregma Fr. 1815; = Epitea Fr.
1832; = Lecythea Lév. 1847; = Phragmidium A Phragmidiopsis G. Winter 1881 [1884]; = Phragmidiopsis (G.
Winter) Mussat 1901; = Ameris Arthur 1906; = Earlea
Arthur 1906; = Frommea Arthur 1917; = Teloconia Syd.
1921; = Frommeëlla
Cummins
&
Y.
Hirats.
1983; = Trolliomyces Ulbr. 1938), Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph Lecythea Lév.
1847, c. 100 species, type species P. mucronatum (Pers.)
Schltdl., biotrophic on Rosaceae, terrestrial, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Yun et al. 2011 (phylogeny, synonymised with Frommeella), new spp. see Zhuang and Wei 2009a (new
records), Yang et al. 2015b (molecular analysis), Ali et al.
2017 (new combinations).
Phragmopyxis Dietel 1897 (= Tricella Long 1912),
Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species, type species P. deglubens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Dietel, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, USA, Mexico,
Sierra Leone, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Phragmotaenium R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler & Oberw.
2001, Tilletiariaceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, five species, type species P. indicum (Vánky,
M.S. Patil & N.D. Sharma) R. Bauer, Begerow, A. Nagler
& Oberw., plant parasites (leaves, stems) on Ischaemum
(Poaceae), saprobic yeast states, Southeast Asia, North
America, cultures available, sequence data available, see
Bauer et al. 2001b, Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Phragmotelium Syd. 1921, incertae sedis, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, c. ten species, type species P. barnardii
(Plowr. & G. Winter) Syd., Asia, Australia, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phragmoxenidium Oberw. 1990, Phragmoxenidiaceae,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. mycophilum Oberw. & Schneller, on wood, North America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phylloboletellus Singer 1952, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. chloephorus Singer, stipitate-pileate, parasitic? Central and South America, see Binder and Hibbett
2006, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Nuhn et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Farid et al.
2018 (phylogeny).
Phyllobolites Singer 1942, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. miniatus (Rick) Singer, south America (tropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
unavailable.
Phyllogaster Pegler 1969, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. pholiotoides Pegler, Ghana, basidioma
gasteroid, sequence data unavailable, see Giachini and
Castellano 2011 (putative synonym with Gloeocantharellus), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Phylloporia Murrill 1904, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 38
species, type species P. parasitica Murrill, basidioma
resupinate, pileate or stipitate, amplectant, hymenophore
poroid, terrestre, wood rotting, white rot, worldwide, some
species medicinal use (P. ribis (Schumach.: Fr.) Ryvarden),
see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Gafforov et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Valenzuela et al. 2011 (Mexico), Zhou and Dai 2012b
(China), Zhou 2016 (key, China), Decock et al. 2015
(Gabon).
Phylloporopsis Angelini, A. Farid, Gelardi, M.E. Smith,
Costanzo, & Vizzini 2018, Boletaceae, Boletales,
253
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. boletinoides (A.H. Sm. & Thiers) Vizzini,
Angelini, A. Farid, Gelardi, Costanzo & M.E. Sm., stipitate-pileate, North and Central America, Caribbean,
sequence data available, see Farid et al. 2018 (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Phylloporus Quél. 1888, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 90 species, type
species P. pelletieri (Lév.) Quél., stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Neves and Halling
2010 (phylogeny, revision, Neotropics and North America), Neves et al. 2012 (phylogeny, revision, ‘‘old world’’),
Zeng et al. 2013 (monograph, phylogeny, China), new spp.
see Neves et al. 2010 (Guyana, South America), Montoya
and Bandala 2011 (Mexico), Ye et al. 2014 (China), Pradeep et al. 2015 (India), Hosen and Li 2015, Hosen and Li
2017 (Bangladesh), Zhao et al. 2018a (China), Chuankid
et al. 2019 (Asia).
Phyllopta (Fr.) Fr. 1825, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. biparasitica (Fr.) Fr., wood-rotting, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Phyllotopsis E.-J. Gilbert & Donk ex Singer 1936, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species P. nidulans (Pers.)
Singer, worldwide, saprotrophic, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Matheny
et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Phyllozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Spiculogloeaceae, Spiculogloeales,
Spiculogloeomycetes, sexual morphs unknown, seven
species, type species P. subbrunnea (Nakase & M. Suzuki)
Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast,
plant material, worldwide, cultures and sequence data
available, Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Physalacria Peck 1882, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 33 species, type
species P. inflata (Schwein.) Peck, saprotrophic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Dentinger
and McLaughlin 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see Qin and
Yang 2016 (China).
Physisporinus P. Karst. 1889, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 15 species,
type species P. vitreus (Pers.) P. Karst., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence
data available, see Miettinen et al. 2012 (phylogeny), Wu
et al. 2017a (new spp., new combinations, phylogeny,
China).
Physocystidium Singer 1962, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
123
254
type species P. cinnamomeum (Dennis) Singer, Trinidad,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Physodontia Ryvarden & H. Solheim 1977, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. lundellii Ryvarden
& H. Solheim, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Brazee et al. 2014
(disturbance and diversity of wood-rotting fungi).
Physonema Lév. 1847, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species P. pallidum
Bonord., worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Picipes Zmitr. & Kovalenko 2016, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type species P. badius (Pers.) Zmitr. & Kovalenko,
stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, sequence date available, see
Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016 (new genus, new combinations, phylogeny), Zhou et al. 2016b (new spp., new
combinations, phylogeny, China), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Pilatotrama Zmitr. 2018, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, type
species P. ljubarskyi (Pilát) Zmitr., trametoid basidioma,
wood-rotting, white rot, warm regions of Holarctics, see
Justo and Hibbett 2011 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Pileodon P. Roberts & Hjortstam 1998, incertae sedis,
Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species P. megasporus P. Roberts &
Hjortstam, wood-decaying, Brunei, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pileolaria Castagne 1842 (= Discospora Arthur 1907),
Pileolariaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 16 species,
type species P. terebinthi Castagne, biotrophic on Anacardiaceae, terrestrial, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Doungsa-ard et al. 2015
(phylogeny), new spp. see Hüseyin and Selçuk 2016
(Turkey).
Pilocintractia Vánky 2004, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species P.
fimbristylidicola (Pavgi & Mundk.) Vánky, plant parasites
(flowers) on Fimbrystilis (Cyperaceae), India, Thailand,
Australia, Central America, South America, cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy).
Piloderma Jülich 1969, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species P. bicolor (Peck) Jülich, ectomycorrhizal, widespread, see Zmitrovich 2008 (species manual), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Heinonsalo et al. 2015 (ectomycorrhizal evidences), sequence data available, see Nygren
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
et al. 2008 (nitrate reductase-encoding genes, ectomycorrhizal fungi), Tedersoo et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Piloporia Niemelä 1982, Incrustoporiaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. sajanensis (Parmasto) Niemelä, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Miettinen and
Rajchenberg 2012 (phylogeny).
Piptoporellus B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species P. soloniensis
(Dubois) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, grows on angiosperm wood and
causes a brown rot, widespread, sequence data available,
see Han et al. 2016a (new spp., new combination, phylogeny, China).
Pirex Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1985, Phanerochaetaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species, P. concentricus (Cooke & Ellis)
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, resupinate basidioma, odontoid to
hydnoid or subporoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, North
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich
2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Floudas
and Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny).
Piskurozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, Piskurozymaceae, Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes,
twelve species, type species P. cylindrica (A. Fonseca,
Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny), new spp. see
Yurkov et al. 2016, Kachalkin et al. 2019.
Pisolithus Alb. & Schwein. 1805, Sclerodermataceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17
species, type species P. arenarius Alb. & Schwein., ectomycorrhizal, widespread, some species edible and medicinal use (P. arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert), see Dai and Yang
2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Rusevska et al.
2015 (phylogeny), new spp. see Phosri et al. 2012
(Southeast Asia), Martı́n et al. 2013a (Spain), Crous et al.
2016a (Thailand), Lebel et al. 2018 (Australasia).
Planetella Savile 1951, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species P. lironis
Savile, plant parasite (ovaries) on Carex spp. (Cyperaceae),
North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Platycarpa Couch 1949, Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales,
Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species P. polypodii
(Couch) Couch, America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Platygloea J. Schröt. 1887, Platygloeaceae, Platygloeales,
Pucciniomycetes, c. 16 species, type species P. nigricans
(Fr.) J. Schröt., sequence data available, see Schoch et al.
2014 (DNA sequences).
Pleurella E. Horak 1971, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. ardesiaca (G. Stev. & G.M. Taylor) E.
Horak, New Zealand, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, ITS sequence (JQ694106) is
publically available from a collection (PDD 87446) referred to as Pleurella ardesiaca from New Zealand.
Pleurocollybia Singer 1947, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species P. praemultifolia (Murrill) Singer, America, Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Matheny
et al. 2017a (P. cibaria belongs to Lyophyllaceae),
Alvarado et al. 2018b (P. imbricata in Biannulariaceae,
new family), new spp. see Baroni et al. 2008 (Belize),
Sánchez-Garcı́a and Matheny 2017 (phylogeny).
Pleurocybella Singer 1947, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species P. porrigens (Pers.) Singer, on wood, North
temperate, some species edible but suspect (P. porrigens
(Pers.) Singer), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms),
Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible mushrooms), reported as
deadly poisonous in Japan, see Gonmori et al. 2011,
Yamamoto et al. 2014), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics,
phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Suzuki et al. 2013
(Omics data), new spp. see Desjardin and Hemmes 2011
(Hawaiian Islands).
Pleuroflammula Singer 1946, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species P. dussii (Pat.) Singer, America, Asia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Matheny et al. 2006, 2015 (phylogeny), Petersen et al.
2010 (phylogeny), Horak 2018 (monograph, New
Zealand).
Pleuromyces Dima, P.-A. Moreau & V. Papp 2018,
Tubariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. hungaricus V. Papp,
Dima & P.-A. Moreau, saprobic, sequence data available,
see Crous et al. 2018b (phylogeny).
Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871 (= Antromycopsis Pat. &
Trab. 1897 fide Art. 59.1), Pleurotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph previously known in Antromycopsis Pat. & Trab. 1897, 25 species, type species P.
ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., worldwide, some species
edible, oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.),
see Jayakumar et al. 2009 (compounds), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms), Sánchez 2010 (cultivation), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Maftoun et al. 2015 (biodiversity,
255
nutritional values), Sanuma et al. 2016 (edible mushrooms,
Brazil), Zmitrovich and Wasser 2016 (problem of ‘‘P.
sajur-caju’’ name, nomenclature), Castro-Alves et al. 2017
(immunomodulatory effects), sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2008b (mitochondrial genome), Alam et al.
2009 (P. nebrodensis), Estrada et al. 2010 (P. eryngii),
Menolli et al. 2014 (Brazil), Shnyreva and Shnyreva 2015
(phylogeny), Yang et al. 2016c (mitochondrial genome),
new spp. see Zervakis et al. 2014 (new combination),
Takahashi et al. 2016 (Japan), Zhao et al. 2016c
(Bailinggu).
Plicatura Peck 1872, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. nivea (Fr.) P. Karst., North temperate, sequence
data unavailable, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Plicaturopsis D.A. Reid 1964, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species P. crispa (Pers.) D.A. Reid,
worldwide, wood-rotting, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2010
(new order), Kohler et al. 2015 (genome), Zhou et al.
2016a (phylogeny).
Pluteus Fr. 1836, Pluteaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 500 species, type species P.
cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., worldwide, some species
edible, deer mushroom (P. cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
Syn., P. atricapillus (Batsch) Fayod), see Hall et al. 2003
(edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Justo and Castro 2007 (section Pluteus),
Minnis and Sundberg 2010 (section Celluloderma), Justo
et al. 2011a, b (phylogeny), Menolli et al. 2015a, b, c
(Brazil, phylogeny, section Celluloderma, section Hispidoderma), Holec et al. 2018 (P. fenzlii), new spp. see Iliffe
2010, Menolli and Capelari (2010), Menolli et al. 2010
(Brazil), Rodrı́guez et al. 2010 (Mexico), Justo et al. 2012
(Dominican Republic), Pradeep et al. 2012a (India), Crous
et al. 2014b (Russia), Justo et al. 2014 (Holarctic), Menolli
et al. 2014 (Brazil, Africa, India, Spain), Kaur and Singh
2014 (India), Ševčı́ková et al. 2014 (Korea, USA), Ševčı́ková and Borovička 2015 (Czech Republic), Xu et al.
2015a (China), Menolli et al. 2015c (Brazil), Malysheva
et al. 2016 (Russia), Campi et al. 2019 (Paraguay).
Podaxis Desv. 1809, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species P. senegalensis Desv., secotioid, subtropical dry
areas, saprotrophic, see Rohit et al. 2009 (Inda), Muhsin
et al. 2012 (Iraq), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Conlon et al. 2016 (South
Africa, associated with termites, phylogeny), Medina-Ortiz
et al. 2017 (Mexico, ethnomycology).
Podofomes Pouzar 1966, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
123
256
type species P. corrugis (Fr.) Pouzar, stipitate basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, terrestrial or wood-inhabiting, white
rot, widespread (Europa, Asia), sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Podohydnangium G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K. Young
1984, Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. australe
G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K. Young, sequence data
available.
Podoscypha Pat. 1900, Podoscyphaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 36 species, type
species P. surinamensis (Lév.) Pat., wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Sjökvist et al. 2012 (phylogeny), Binder
et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Ryvarden 2015e (new combination), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), genus in need of
revision.
Podoserpula D.A. Reid 1963, Amylocorticiaceae, Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species P. pusio (Berk.) D.A. Reid,
saprobes, terrestrial, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2008, 2013
(genus accepted), P. miranda is thought to be ectomycorrhizal, as it appears to associate with Arillastrum gummiferum, see Ducousso et al. 2009, sequence data
available, see Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Buyck et al. 2012b (New Caledonia).
Pogonoloma (Singer) Sánchez-Garcı́a 2014, Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species P. spinulosum
(Kühner & Romagn.) Sánchez-Garcı́a, worldwide, terrestrial, presumably saprotrophic, sequence data available, see
Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Alvarado et al.
2018b (taxonomy).
Polioma Arthur 1907, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species P. nivea (Holw.)
Arthur, biotrophic on Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, terrestrial,
USA, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Poliomopsis A.W. Ramaley 1987, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species P.
thermopsidis A.W. Ramaley, USA, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Polygaster Fr. 1823, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. sampadarius Fr., sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Polyozellus Murrill 1910, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. multiplex (Underw.) Murrill, North America, terrestrial, blue chanterelle, some species edible (P.
multiplex (Underw.) Murrill), can be medicinal used, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Nagasawa et al. 2014
(anti-angiogenesis compounds), Yang and Song 2015
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(compounds), sequence data available, see Voitk et al.
2017 (P. multiplex, species complex).
Polyporoletus Snell 1936, Albatrellaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species P. sublividus Snell, terrestrial, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Audet 2010 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Polyporopsis Audet 2010, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. mexicana (Laferr. & Gilb.) Audet, woodrotting, sequence data available, see Audet 2010 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Polyporus [P. Micheli ex Adans.] Fr. 1821, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
35 species, type species P. tuberaster (Jacq. ex Pers.) Fr.,
stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting or
rarely terrestrial (sclerotium), widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy),
some species edible or medicinal use, see Bandara et al.
2015b (review, P. umbellatus (Pers.) Fr.), Sanuma et al.
2016 (edible mushrooms, Brazil), sequence data available,
see Zhou et al. 2016b (phylogeny, China), Zmitrovich and
Kovalenko 2016 (phylogeny), Cui et al. 2019 (phylogeny,
China), new spp. see Drechsler-Santos et al. 2008 (morphology, Brazil), Dai et al. 2009c (morphology, central
China), Dai et al. 2014b (phylogeny, new names, Argentina, Mongolia, USA), Xue and Zhou 2014 (phylogeny,
China), Hyde et al. 2016 (phylogeny, China), Runnel and
Ryvarden 2016 (phylogeny, French Guiana), Si and Dai
2016 (morphology, China), Sotome et al. 2016 (phylogeny,
Thailand), Tibpromma et al. 2017 (phylogeny, South
Korea), new combinations, see Hattori and Sotome 2013
(morphology, type study, Malaysia), Nakasone 2015 (new
names, morphology), Ryvarden et al. 2017 (morphology).
Polypus Audet 2010, incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. dispansus (Lloyd) Audet, see Audet 2010 (taxonomy), wood-decaying, worldwide, sequence data
unavailable.
Ponticulomyces R.H. Petersen 2010, Physalacriaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species P. kedrovayae R.H. Petersen, far East
of Russia, China, Japan, sequence data available, see
Petersen and Hughes 2010 (monograph), Ushijima et al.
2012 (Japan).
Poriodontia Parmasto 1982, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. subvinosa Parmasto, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Zhao et al. 2015b (phylogeny).
Porodaedalea Murrill 1905, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14
species, type species P. pini (Brot.) Murrill, worldwide,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequence data available, see Tomšovský et al. 2010a
(European species).
Porodisculus Murrill 1907, Schizophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. pendulus (Schwein.) Schwein., America,
Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, new sp. see Lee and Jung 2008 (East Asia).
Porogramme (Pat.) Pat. 1900, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species P. dussii (Pat.) Pat., widespread (tropical), see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2013
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new sp. see Ryvarden 2018a
(morphology, Mozambique).
Porostereum Pilát 1937, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type
species P. phellodendri Pilát, stereoid basidioma, woodrotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence date available, see Wu et al. 2010a (phylogeny).
Porotenus Viégas 1960, Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, seven species, type species P. concavus
Viégas, biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, terrestrial, Brazil, Guatemala, Costa Rica, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Beenken
et al. 2012 (rust fungi on Annonaceae, Dasyspora).
Porotheleum Fr. 1818, Porotheleaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 16 species,
type species P. fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr., worldwide, woodrotting, sequence data available, see Jang et al. 2016
(Korea).
Porphyrellus E.-J. Gilbert 1931, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species P. porphyrosporus (Fr. & Hök) E.-J. Gilbert,
stipitate-pileate, worldwide, sequence data available, see
Wu et al. 2014b (phylogeny), new spp. see Wu et al. 2016f
(China), new combination see Li and Yang 2011, Cooper
2014a.
Porpoloma Singer 1952, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 13 species,
type species P. sejunctum Singer, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Vizzini et al. 2012b (notes), Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014
(phylogeny), Olariaga et al. 2015b (P. aranzadii), SánchezGarcı́a and Matheny 2017 (phylogeny, Tricholomatineae,
evolution).
Porpolomopsis Bresinsky 2008, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species P. calyptriformis (Berk.) Bresinsky,
USA, Europe, Russia, sequence data available, see Lodge
et al. 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy, Hygrophoraceae).
Porpomyces Jülich 1982, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. mucidus (Pers.) Jülich (Ceriporiopsis
257
mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden), resupinate basidioma,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Porpopycnis R. Kirschner 2012, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. lubae R. Kirschner, Central
America, sequence data available, see Kirschner et al. 2012
(taxonomy).
Portalia V. González, Vánky & Platas 2007, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species,
type species P. uljanishcheviana (Schwarzman) V. González, Vánky & Platas, plant parasite (flowers) on Scirpoides holoschoenus (Cyperaceae), Spain, Kazakhstan,
cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Postia Fr. 1874, Dacryobolaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Ptychogaster Corda 1838, c. 40
species (needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic, see Shen et al. 2019), type species P. lactea (Fr.)
P. Karst., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(phylogeny, antrodia clade), Shen et al. 2019 (taxonomy,
phylogeny), new spp. see Wei and Qin 2010 (morphology,
China), Yuan et al. 2010 (morphology, Northern China),
Hattori et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Malaysia), Cui and Li 2012
(morphology, Northeast China), Shen and Cui 2014 (phylogeny, China), Shen et al. 2014, 2015 (phylogeny, China),
Dämmrich et al. 2017 (morphology, Germany), Yuan et al.
2017a (phylogeny, China), Miettinen et al. 2018 (phylogeny, new combinations, P. caesia complex, Northern
Hemisphere), new combinations, see Papp 2014 (nomenclature, P. caesia complex).
Pouzaroporia Vampola 1992, Podoscyphaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. subrufa (Ellis & Dearn.) Vampola,
wood-rotting, North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, family-level classification, Polyporales).
Prillingera Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi,
Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita 2019, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. fragicola (Takashima, Sugita,
Shinoda & Nakase) Takashima, Manabe, Nishimura, Sriswasdi, Ohkuma, Iwasaki & Sugita, yeast, strawberry,
Japan, sequence data available, see Takashima et al. 2019
(genome, taxonomy, phylogeny).
Proceropycnis M. Villarreal, Arenal, V. Rubio, Begerow,
R. Bauer, R. Kirschner & Oberw. 2006, Hoehnelomycetaceae, Atractiellales, Atractiellomycetes, asexual, teleomorph unknown, two species, type species P. pinicola M.
Villarreal, Arenal, V. Rubio, Begerow, R. Bauer, R.
Kirschner & Oberw., ecological strategy unclear, on wood
123
258
of Pinus spp., in beetle galleries of Pinus spp. and rare
endopytes of Populus trichocarpa roots, distribution Spain,
China, USA, sequence data available, see Oberwinkler
et al. 2006 (integrative taxonomy, phylogeny), new spp.
see Aime et al. 2018c (Oregon, USA).
Proliferobasidium J.L. Cunn. 1976, Brachybasidiaceae,
Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species P. heliconiae J.L. Cunn., plant parasite (leaves) on
Heliconiaceae, Caribbean Basin, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014 (taxonomy).
Prospodium Arthur 1907 (= Coinostelium Syd. 1939;
Nephlyctis Arthur 1907), Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 84 species, type species P. appendiculatum (Kuntze) Arthur, biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, terrestrial, warmer areas of North, South and
Central America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Jitjak and Sanoamuang 2017
(phylogeny), new spp. see Yepes and Céspedes 2008, de
Carvalho and Hennen 2010 (new combinations, key to
species, key to species on Tecoma), Silva et al. 2012 (biological control).
Protoacia Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species P. delicata Spirin & V. Malysheva, Europe (Norway, Russia, Sweden), Asia (Russian
Far East), on strongly rotten wood of conifers, mostly
Picea, sequence data available, see Spirin et al. 2019b
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Protodaedalea Imazeki 1955, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species P. hispida Imazeki [current name:
Elmerina hispida (Imazeki) Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou],
wood-rotting, worldwide, sequence data available, see
Zhou and Dai 2013b (poroid and lamellate genera, Auriculariales, taxonomy, phylogeny), Sotome et al. 2014 (new
combination).
Protodontia Höhn. 1907, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species P. uda Höhn., Africa (Kenya), on fallen
branch of deciduous tree, sequence data available, see
Spirin et al. 2019b (taxonomy, phylogeny, genus accepted).
Protogaster Thaxt. 1934, Protogastraceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. rhizophilus Thaxt., on roots of Viola, USA,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Protogautieria A.H. Sm. 1965, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. lutea A.H. Sm., N. America, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Protoglossum Massee 1891, Cortinariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
type species P. luteum Massee, worldwide, basidioma
sequestrate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Danks et al. 2010 (phylogeny, sequestrate Cortinarius, sub-alpine Australia), Orlovich et al.
2014 (sequestrate Cortinarius, New Zealand, phylogeny).
Protograndinia Rick 1933, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. cinerea Rick, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Protohydnum Möller 1895, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species P. cartilagineum Möller, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Malysheva et al. 2018 (taxonomy).
Protomerulius Möller 1895, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species P. brasiliensis Möller, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Zhou and Dai 2013b (phylogeny, new spp.), Ryvarden
2016a (neotropical polypores, new combination).
Protoradulum Rick 1933, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. ceraceovitreum Rick, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Protostropharia Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2013,
Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, 14 species, type species P. semiglobata
(Batsch) Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys, sequence data
available, see Wang and Tzean 2015 (China).
Protoxerula R.H. Petersen 2010, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. flavo-olivacea R.H. Petersen,
worldwide, sequence data available, see Petersen and
Hughes 2010 (taxonomy).
Protubera Möller 1895, Phallogastraceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species P. maracuja Möller, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accetped), sequence data available, see Giachini et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Trierveiler-Pereira et al.
2014b.
Protuberella S. Imai & A. Kawam. 1958, Phallaceae,
Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. borealis (S. Imai) S. Imai & A.
Kawam, terrestrial, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Psathyloma Soop, J.A. Cooper & Dima 2016,
Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species P. leucocarpum
Soop, J.A. Cooper & Dima, South Pacific (Australia, New
Zealand, South America), basidioma agaricoid, terrestrial,
ectomycorrhizal, sequence data available, see Soop et al.
2016 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. 1872, Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 420 species,
type species P. gracilis Fr. [current name: P. corrugis
(Pers.) Konrad & Maubl.], worldwide, saprotrophic, some
species edible (P. atroumbonata Pegler), some species
medicinal use [P. candolleana (Fr.) Maire], see Ayodele
and Okhuoya 2009 (nutritional), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Al-Habib et al. 2014 (medicinal mushroom),
sequence data available, see Larsson and Örstadius 2008
(Nordic countries), Padamsee et al. 2008 (phylogeny),
Vašutová et al. 2008 (sections Pennatae and Spadiceae),
Örstadius et al. 2015 (phylogeny), Amandeep et al. 2015b
(India), new spp. see Hoashi 2008 (Japan), Frank et al.
2010 (USA), Seok et al. 2010 (Korea), Voto 2011 (Italy),
Kaur et al. 2013b (India), Corriol 2014 (France), Crous
et al. 2015b (Spain), Moreno et al. 2015 (Mexico), Desjardin and Perry 2016 (São Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Africa),
Crous et al. 2017a (Costa Rica), Yan and Bau 2017, 2018b
(China), Broussal et al. 2018 (France, Spain).
Pseudoarmillariella (Singer) Singer 1956, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species P. ectypoides (Peck)
Singer, North and central America, Asia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see Yang et al. 2013b (Asia).
Pseudoauricularia Kobayasi 1982, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. papuana Kobayasi, Papua New
Guinea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Pseudoaustroboletus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2014,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species P. valens (Corner)
Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, China, Japan,
Malaysia, Singapore, sequence data available, see Li et al.
2014g (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pseudobaeospora Singer 1942, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 26
species, type species P. oligophylla (Singer) Singer,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Sánchez-Garcı́a and Matheny 2017
(phylogeny, Tricholomatineae, evolution), new spp. see
Voto 2009 (Italy), Vellinga 2009 (California, USA),
Adamčı́k and Jančovičová 2011 (Slovakia), Arauzo 2011
(Spain), Schwarz 2012 (California, USA), Desjardin et al.
2014 (Hawaii, USA), Voto 2018 (Finland), Voto and Soop
2018 (New Zealand).
Pseudobensingtonia F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenewald & Boekhout 2015, Agaricostilbaceae, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two
species, type species P. ingoldii (Nakase & Itoh.) F.Y. Bai,
Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, widespread,
259
cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Pseudoboletus Šutara 1991, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species P. parasiticus (Bull.) Šutara, north temperate,
stipitate-pileate, reported as parasitic on other Boletales
(Scleroderma, Pisolithus, Astraeus) or ectomycorrhizal, see
Tedersoo et al. 2010, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2015d (phylogeny).
Pseudoclathrus B. Liu & Y.S. Bau 1980, Phallaceae,
Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species P. cylindrosporus B. Liu & Y.S. Bau,
terrestrial, China, sequence data unavailable, see Zou et al.
2008 (China, morphology), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Pseudoclitocybe (Singer) Singer 1956, Pseudoclitocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 16 species, type species P. cyathiformis (Bull.)
Singer, North temperate, South America, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Vizzini et al. 2011a (phylogeny, new genus),
Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny, monograph, Hygrophoraceae), Sánchez-Garcı́a and Matheny 2017 (phylogeny, Tricholomatineae, evolution), Alvarado et al.
2018b (phylogeny, morphology).
Pseudoclitopilus Vizzini & Contu 2012, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species P. rhodoleucus (Sacc.) Vizzini &
Contu, worldwide, basidioma agaricoid, on the ground,
never on wood, sequence data available, see Vizzini et al.
2012b (taxonomy).
Pseudocolus Lloyd 1907, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species P. rothae Lloyd [current name: P. fusiformis (E.
Fisch.) Lloyd], worldwide (tropical, subtropical introduced), see Akata and Doğan 2011 (Turkish), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hibbett and Binder 2002 (phylogeny, homobasidiomycetes).
Pseudodermatosorus Vánky 1999, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type species P.
sagittariae (Vánky & C. Vánky) Vánky, plant parasites
(leaves) on Alismataceae, Africa, South America, South
Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy).
Pseudodoassansia (Setch.) Vánky 1981, Doassansiaceae,
Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type species P. obscura (Setch.) Vánky, plant parasites (leaves) on
Alismataceae, Africa, South America, South Asia, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence
data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
123
260
Pseudofavolus Pat. 1900, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species P. miquelii (Mont.) Pat, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Sotome et al. 2008 (phylogeny,
morphology).
Pseudofibroporia Yuan Y. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai
2017, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species P. citrina Yuan
Y. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, growing on angiosperm wood, white rot,
China, sequence data available, see Chen et al. 2017d
(taxonomy, phylogeny, China).
Pseudofistulina O. Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo 1963, incertae
sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species P. brasiliensis (O.
Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo) O. Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo (current
name: Fistulina brasiliensis O. Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo),
Brazil, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Pseudogelopellis K. Tao & B. Liu 1996, Claustulaceae,
Phallales, Agaricomycetes, aseuxal morph unknown, one
species, type species P. echinoperidium K. Tao & B. Liu,
China, terrestrial, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Pseudogomphus R. Heim 1970, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. fragilissimus R. Heim & Gilles, Gabon,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Pseudogymnopilus Raithelh. 1974, Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. pampeanus (Speg.) Raithelh., South
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Pseudohiatula (Singer) Singer 1938, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
five species, type species P. cyatheae Singer, tropical, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Petersen and Hughes 2010 (phylogeny).
Pseudohydnum P. Karst. 1868, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. gelatinosum (Scop.) P. Karst.,
widespread, edible and medicinal use, see Dai and Yang
2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001 (phylogeny).
Pseudohygrophorus Velen. 1939, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. vesicarius Velen., Europe, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
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Pseudohyphozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, three species, type species P. buffonii (C. Ramı́rez) Q.M. Wang,
F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide,
cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pseudoinonotus T. Wagner & M. Fisch. 2001, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, eight species, type species P. dryadeus
(Pers.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., worldwide, see Dai et al.
2008 (key, China), sequence data available, see Rajchenberg et al. 2015 (phylogeny, new combination),
Pseudolaccaria Vizzini, Contu & Z.W. Ge 2015, Biannulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. pachyphylla (Fr.)
Vizzini & Contu, habit Laccaria-like, sequence data
available, see Lavorato et al. 2015 (revision, Clitocybe
umbrinopurpurascens,
Neohygrophorus,
Pseudoomphalina), Alvarado et al. 2018b (phylogeny).
Pseudolagarobasidium J.C. Jang & T. Chen 1985, Cerrenaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, seven species, type species P. leguminicola J.C.
Jang & T. Chen, resupinate basidioma, wood-rotting, saprobes, facultative pathogens, or endophytic, see Hallenberg
et al. 2008, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Nakasone and
Lindner 2012 (new spp., new combinations, phylogeny,
type study, Australia, Belize, Brazil, Ceylon, Mauritius),
new combination, see Nakasone 2015 (morphology, type
study, Central Europe).
Pseudolasiobolus Agerer 1983, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. minutissimus Agerer, tropical, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pseudolepiota Z.W. Ge 2017, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. zangmui Z.W. Ge, agaricoid, saprotrophic,
tropical China, sequence data available, see Ge and Yang
2017 (phylogeny, taxonomy, China).
Pseudoleucosporidium V. de Garcia, M.A. Coelho, T.
Maia, L.H. Rosa, A.B.M. Vaz, C.A. Rosa, J.P. Samp., P.
Gonç., M.R. Van Broock & Libkind 2015, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph known,
one species, type species L. fasciculatum Babeva &
Lisichk., yeast, from mushroom, Russia, cultures and
sequence data and cultures available, see de Garcı́a et al.
2015 (sexual characteristics of Leucosporidium, new
genus, phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015e (phylogeny).
Pseudomegasporoporia X.H. Ji & F. Wu 2017, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. neriicola X.H. Ji &
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
F. Wu, wood-rotting, east Asia, sequence data available,
see Ji and Wu 2017a (taxonomy).
Pseudomerulius Jülich 1979, Tapinellaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species P. aureus (Fr.) Jülich, widespread, some
species medicinal use (P. aureus (Fr.) Jülich), see Dai and
Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson
et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes),
Binder et al. 2010 (phylogeny), Kotiranta et al. 2011 (new
combinations).
Pseudomicrostroma T. Kij. & Aime 2017, incertae sedis,
Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, three species, type
species P. juglandis (Berenger) Kijporn. & Aime, plant
parasite (leaves) on Juglans spp. (Juglandaceae), widespread, saprobic yeast states on plants, cultures available,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2001, 2014,
Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeney, taxonomy), Kijpornyongpan and Aime 2017 (taxonomy).
Pseudonadsoniella T.O. Kondr. & S.Y. Kondr. 2015,
Meripilaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. brunnea T.O.
Kondr. & S.Y. Kondr., brown yeast, Antarctic, sequence
data and cultures avaibale, see Kondratyuk et al. 2015
(taxonomy).
Pseudoomphalina (Singer) Singer 1956, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
six species, type species P. kalchbrenneri (Bres.) Singer,
North temperate, see Malysheva et al. 2011 (new combination), Knudsen 2012, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Lodge et al. 2014 (phylogeny,
monograph, Hygrophoraceae), Lavorato et al. 2015 (phylogeny, redescription, Clitocybe umbrinopurpurascens,
revision, Neohygrophorus, Pseudoomphalina), SánchezGarcı́a et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Tricholomatineae,
evolution).
Pseudopiptoporus Ryvarden 1980, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species P. devians (Bres.) Ryvarden, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, East Africa, India, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pseudoporpoloma Vizzini & Consiglio 2016, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. pes-caprae (Fr.)
Vizzini & Consiglio, Europe, on soil, in grasslands, probably saprotrophic, sequence data available, see Vizzini
et al. 2016b (phylogeny, morphology).
Pseudostypella McNabb 1969, Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species P. nothofagi McNabb, New Zealand,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
261
Pseudotomentella Svrček 1958, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17
species, type species P. mucidula (P. Karst.) Svrček,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Tedersoo et al.
2010 (phylogeny, evolution).
Pseudotracya Vánky 1999, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species P. otteliae
Vánky, plant parasites (vegetative parts) on Hydrocharitaceae, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Pseudotremella X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, A.M. Yurkov, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Bulleraceae, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, four
species, type species P. moriformis (Berk.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, mycoparasite, on
wood, Europe, cultures and sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pseudotricholoma (Singer) Sánchez-Garcı́a & Matheny
2014, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species P.
umbrosum (A.H. Sm. & M.B. Walters) Sánchez-Garcı́a &
Matheny, northern hemisphere, terrestrial, in woods and
grasslands, probably biotrophic, possibly ectomycorrhizal,
sequence data available, see Sánchez-Garcı́a et al. 2014
(taxonomy), Vizzini et al. 2016b (phylogeny).
Pseudotulasnella Lowy 1964, Tulasnellaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. guatemalensis Lowy, saprobes, woodrotting, Guatemale, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pseudotyphula Corner 1953, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species P. ochracea Corner, on dead wood, Central
Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pseudowrightoporia Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui
2015, Hericiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, ten species, type species P. cylindrospora
(Ryvarden) Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui, wood-decaying, worldwide, sequence data available, see Chen et al.
2016b (phylogeny).
Pseudoxenasma K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam 1976, Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. verrucisporum K.H.
Larss. & Hjortstam, Europe, wood-decaying, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny).
Pseudozyma Bandoni 1985, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, five species, type species P. prolifica
Bandoni (Syn. Mycosarcoma maydis Bref. fide McTaggart
et al. 2016c), known only from saprobic states, widespread,
123
262
five species ‘pro tempore’ are temporarily remained, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2000 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Psiloboletinus Singer 1945, Suillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. lariceti (Singer) Singer, Asia (temperate),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, Hymenogastraceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
326 species, type species P. semilanceata (Fr.) P. Kumm.,
hallucinogenic, see Redhead et al. 2007 (nomenclature),
Borovička 2008 (wood rotting), Guzmán et al. 2008
(Canada), Guzmán 2009 (hallucinogenic mushrooms),
Noordeloos 2009 (new combination), Guzmán et al. 2013a
(Japan), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Ramı́rez-Cruz et al. 2013a, b (type studies,
phylogeny), Borovička et al. 2011, 2015 (P. cyanescens
complex, P. atrobrunnea), da Silva et al. 2014, 2016
(Brazil, taxonomy, cultural characteristics), Froese et al.
2016 (potential ritual use), new spp. see Bau and Sarentoya
2009 (China), Guzmán et al. 2009, Horak et al. 2009
(Malaysia, Thailand), Guzmán and Yang 2010 (Asian).
Takahashi 2011 (Japan), Borovička et al. 2012 (USA),
Guzmán et al. 2012, 2014 (Thailand, Congo), Li et al.
2014g (China), Ma et al. 2014 (China), Wang and Tzean
2015 (China), Gartz and Wiedemann 2015 (Germany),
Takahashi et al. 2016 (Japan), Ma et al. 2016 (China),
Terashima et al. 2016 (Japan).
Ptechetelium Oberw. & Bandoni 1984, Eocronartiaceae,
Platygloeales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species
P. cyatheae (Syd.) Oberw. & Bandoni, Ecuador, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pteridomyces Jülich 1979, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species P. galzinii (Bres.) Jülich, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data unavailable, new spp. see
Gorjón and Hallenberg 2013 (Chile).
Pterula Fr. 1825, Pterulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type species P.
plumosa (Schwein.) Fr., worldwide, clavarioid, sequence
data available, see Dentinger et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Kim
et al. 2015 (Korea), new spp. see Senthilarasu 2013 (India).
Pterulicium Corner 1950, Pterulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species P. xylogenum (Berk. & Broome) Corner, Asia,
bamboo pathogen, see Sandeep 2010 (India), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Dentinger et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Ptychella Roze & Boud. 1879, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
type species P. ochracea Boud., Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Puccinia Pers. 1794 (= Argomyces Arthur 1912, = Argotelium Arthur 1906, = Bullaria DC., in Lamarck & de
Candolle 1805, = Coronotelium Syd. 1921, = Cutomyces
Thüm. 1878, = Dicaeoma Gray 1821, = Eriosporangium
Bertero
ex
Ruschenb.
1831, = Jackya
Bubák
1902, = Leptinia Juel 1897, = Leptopuccinia (G. Winter)
Rostr. 1902, = Lindrothia Syd. 1922, = Linkiella Syd.
1921, = Lysospora Arthur 1906, = Micropuccinia Rostr.
1902, = Persooniella Syd. 1922, = Pleomeris Syd.
1921, = Poliomella Syd. 1922, = Puccinia subgen. Leptopuccinia G. Winter 1881 [1884], = Puccinidia Mayr
1890, = Rostrupia Lagerh. 1889, = Schroeterella Syd.
1922, = Sclerotelium Syd. 1921, = Solenodonta Castagne
1845, = Trailia Syd. 1922), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, c. 3300 species, type species P. graminis
Pers., biotrophic on most families of angiosperms especially common on Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Liliaceae,
Poaceae, worldwide in distribution, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see McKenzie
2008, McTaggart and Shivas 2008, Khalid and Afshan
2009 (new records), Iqbal et al. 2009, Afshan et al.
2009, 2010b, c (new records), Berndt 2009, 2010a, 2013b
(key to species from South Africa on Helichrysum, account
of rust fungi in French Guiana), Liu and Hambleton 2010
(new series, molecular analysis, related to P. striformis),
Liang and Kakishima 2011 (new name), Scholler et al.
2011, Zhuang and Wei 2011, Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012, de
Carvalho and Hennben 2012 (key), Kirbag et al. 2011
(Turkey), Liu and Hambleton 2012, 2013 (molecular
analysis, related to P. graminis, related to P. coronata, P.
coronata Series coronata ser. nov., key), Gjærum and Lye
2014, Okane et al 2014, Abbasi and Aime 2016 (key),
Gautam and Avasthi 2016a, b (checklist), Kumar et al.
2017 (key), Kakishima et al. 2018 (new name).
Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth 1861 (= Calyptospora J.G. Kühn
1869, = Phragmopsora Magnus 1875, = Pomatomyces
Oerst. 1864), Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 50 species, type species P. epilobii (Pers.)
G.H. Otth, biotrophic on many dicotyledonous plants
including Aceraceae, Betulaceae, Ericaceae, Fagaceae,
Onagraceae, Pinaceae (alternate hosts), Rosaceae, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Liang and Kakishima 2011
(new name), Padamsee and Mckenzie 2014 (new species,
new combination, molecular analysis), Ji et al. 2019 (new
spp., China).
Pucciniosira Lagerh. 1892, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes,
(= Aecidiella
Ellis
&
Kelsey
1897, = Didymosira Clem. 1909, = Schizospora Dietel
1895), 17 species, type species P. triumfettae Lagerh.,
biotrophic on Asteraceae, Berberidaceae, Malvaceae,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Solanaceae, terrestrial, America, Philippines, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Zuluaga et al. 2011 (phylogeny, Colombian).
Pucciniostele Tranzschel & K.L. Kom., in Komarov 1899
(= Klastopsora Dietel, 1904; Phragmostele Clem. 1909),
Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species P. clarkiana (Barclay) Tranzschel & K.L.
Kom., biotrophic on Saxifragaceae (Astilbe), terrestrial,
Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea, Philippines), sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Puccorchidium Beenken 2015, in Beenken & Wood, incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species,
type species P. polyalthiae (Petch) Beenken, asexual
morph aecidium-like, biotrophic on Annonaceae, terrestrial, India, South Africa, Sri Lanka, see Beenken and
Wood 2015 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Pulchroboletus Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species P. roseoalbidus
(Alessio & Littini) Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini, stipitatepileate when mature, development secondary angiocarpic,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, sequence data available, see
Gelardi et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Pulveroboletus Murrill 1909, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 38 species, type
species P. ravenelii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill, stipitate-pileate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Kim
et al. 2017 (pharmacological significance), sequence data
available, new spp. see Takahashi 2007 (Japan), Degreef
and De Kesel 2009 (Gabon), Li et al. 2016b (China), Wu
et al. 2016f (China), Raspé et al. 2016 (Thailand), Zeng
et al. 2017 (China, monogarph), Badou (Africa), a number
of species in need of revision.
Punctularia Pat. 1895, Punctulariaceae, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. atropurpurascens (Berk. & Broome) Petch,
wood-decaying, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Knijn and Ferretti
2018 (Italy, phylogeny), Floudas et al. 2012 (genome,
evolution).
Punctulariopsis Ghobad-Nejhad 2010, Punctulariaceae,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species P. subglobispora (Hallenb. & Hjortstam) Ghobad-Nejhad, South America, Africa, sequence
data available, see Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010 (taxonomy
and phylogeny), Ariyawansa et al. 2015 (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Purpureocorticium S.H. Wu 2017, incertae sedis, incertae
sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species P. microsporum S.H. Wu, corticioid, fruit
body effused, adnate, membranaceous, east Asia, sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2018c (taxonomy).
263
Pusillomyces J.S. Oliveira 2019, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species P. manuripioides J.S. Oliveira, Neotropic and Paleoarctic, sequence data available, see Oliveira et al. 2019 (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Pycnoporellus Murrill 1905, Sparassidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species P. fibrillosus (P. Karst.) Murrill [current name:
P. fulgens (Fr.) Donk], poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
brown rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(phylogeny, antrodia clade).
Pycnopulvinus Toome & Aime 2014, Heterogastridiaceae,
Heterogastridiales,
Microbotryomycetes,
presumably
asexual state, asexual morph unknown (no sporogenous
cells were detected by the authors), one species, type
species P. aurantiacus Toome & Aime, ecological strategy
unclear: saprobic / mycoparasitic, on palm leaf litter (in
association with other fungi) in tropical forests, Ecuador
(type locality) and Costa Rica (only from sequence data),
sequence data available, see Toome and Aime 2014
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Pycnovellomyces R.F. Castañeda 1987, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species P.
foliicola R.F. Castañeda, Cuba, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Pyrofomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1964, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species P. demidoffii (Lév.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovih 2018a
(taxonomy), sequence data available, see Vlasák et al. 2018
(new combinations, phylogeny, North America), new sp.
see Cui and Dai 2011 (morphology, China).
Pyrrhoderma Imazeki 1966, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
two species, type species P. sendaiense (Yasuda) Imazeki,
Japan, Argentina, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see He and Dai 2012 (Hymenochaete, phylogeny).
Pyrrhoglossum Singer 1944, Cortinariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twleve species,
type species P. pyrrhum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer,
tropical, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Horak 2018 (monograph, New Zealand), sequence data
unavailable, new spp. see Corriol 2009 (Europe).
Quadrispora Bougher & Castellano 1993, Cortinariaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species Q. oblongispora (G.W. Beaton,
Pegler & T.W.K. Young) Bougher & Castellano, Australia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available.
123
264
Quambalaria J.A. Simpson 2000, Quambalariaceae,
Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, seven species, type
species Q. pitereka (J. Walker & Bertus) J.A. Simpson,
plant parasites on genera Corymbia and Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), anamorphic genus, saprobes on Betula (Betulacea),
or isolated from human skin, South Africa, Austrlia, Europe, cultures available, sequence data available, see de
Beer et al. 2006, Antropova et al. 2014, Begerow et al.
2014, Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny), Bezerra et al. 2018
(new sp., Brazil).
Queiroziella C.R. Félix, J.D.P. Bezerra, R.P. Neves &
Landell 2018, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Cystobasidiomycetes, one species, type species Q. brasiliensis C.R.
Félix, P. Valente & Landell, yeast, colonies pink to salmon,
Brazil, cultures and sequence data available, see Crous
et al. 2018b (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Queletia Fr. 1872, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species Q. mirabilis Fr., secotioid, worldwide, sequence
data unavailable, see Moreno et al. 2012 (Spain), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Křı́ž and Zı́ta 2016 (Czech
Republic).
Raduliporus Spirin & Zmitr. 2006, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species R. aneirinus (Sommerf.) Spirin & Zmitr.,
resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see GómezMontoya et al. 2017a (phylogeny, morphology).
Radulochaete Rick 1940, incertae sedis, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, in
need of modern interpretation, type species R. ceracea
Rick, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Radulodon Ryvarden 1972, Cerrenaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species R. americanus Ryvarden, hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Hallenberg
et al. 2008 (phylogeny), Nakasone and Lindner 2012
(phylogeny), Kotiranta et al. 2017 (phylogeny), new spp.
see Jyoti and Dhingra 2014 (morphology, Himalaya), Kaur
et al. 2014b (morphology, India).
Radulodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2008, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species R. pyriformis Hjortstam &
Ryvarden, sequence data unavailable, see Hjortstam and
Ryvarden 2008a (taxonomy).
Radulomyces M.P. Christ. 1960, Pterulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species R. confluens (Fr.) M.P. Christ., worldwide,
wood decaying, see Gilbertson and Nakasone 2003
(Hawaii), Ghobad-Nejhad and Kotiranta 2007 (R. rickii),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
see Larsson et al. 2004 (phylogeny, corticioid homobasidiomycetes), Zhao et al. 2016b (taxonomy).
Radulomycetopsis Dhingra, Priyanka & J. Kaur 2012, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. cystidiata Dhingra,
Priyanka & J. Kaur, India, sequence data unavailable, see
Dhingra and Kaur 2012 (taxonomy).
Radulotubus Y.C. Dai, S.H. He & C.L. Zhao 2016,
Pterulaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. resupinatus Y.C.
Dai, S.H. He & C.L. Zhao, wood-rotting, poroid, China,
sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2016b (taxonomy).
Ramakrishnania Ramachar & Bhagyan. 1979, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species R. ixorae Ramachar & Bhagyan., biotrophic on
Rubiaceae (Ixora), terrestrial, India, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Ramaria Fr. ex Bonord. 1851, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 230 species,
type species R. botrytis (Pers.) Ricken, widespread, some
species edible (R. flava (Schaef.: Fr.) Quél.), see Gursoy
et al. 2010 (antioxidant activities), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Liu et al. 2013 (anticancer, antioxidant and
antibiotic activities), some species lethal (R. rufescens), see
Huang et al. 2009 (China), sequence data available, see
Nasim et al. 2008 (Pakistan, morphology), Knudson 2012
(Minnesota), new spp. see Cázares et al. 2011 (Central
Mexican oak forests), Hughes et al. 2014b (Arkansas).
Ramaricium J. Erikss. 1954, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species R. occultum J. Erikss., wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Binder et al. 2005.
Ramariopsis (Donk) Corner 1950, Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 48 species, type species R. kunzei (Fr.) Corner, worldwide, see
Kautmanová et al. 2012a, b (Europe, phylogeny), Birkebak
et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Furtado et al. 2016 (Brazil), new spp. see Olariaga and
Salcedo 2013 (new combination), Hyde et al. 2016 (Atlantic rain forest).
Ranadivia Zmitr. 2018, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species R. allantoidea (M.L. Han, B.K. Cui & Y.C.
Dai) Zmitr., corioloid basidioma, wood-rotting, brown rot,
pantropical, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Ravenelia
Berk.
1853
(= Cephalotelium
Syd.
1921, = Cystingophora Arthur 1907, = Cystotelium Syd.
1921, = Dendroecia Arthur 1906, = Haploravenelia Syd.
1921, = Longia
Syd.
1921, = Neoravenelia
Long
1903, = Pleoravenelia Long 1903), Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 250 species, type species R.
glanduliformis Berk. & M.A. Curtis, biotrophic on
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Fabaceae, terrestrial, worldwide in warm climates except
Europe, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Gandhe and Kuvalekar 2007
(phylogeny), Zhao et al. 2016d (evolution), new spp. see
Zhuang and Wei 2009b (China), Yepes and de Carvalho
2014 (Brazil), Hernández et al. 2014 (online database),
Ebinghaus et al. 2018 (South Africa).
Rectipilus Agerer 1973, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species, type
species R. fasciculatus (Pers.) Agerer, cyphelloid, worldwide, sequence data available, see Bodensteiner et al. 2004
(phylogeny, cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), new spp. see Gorjón and de Jesus
2014 (Brazilian Amazon), Lucas and Dentinger 2015
(Great Britain).
Renatobasidium Hauerslev 1993, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species R. notabile Hauerslev, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Repetobasidiellum J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1981, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. fusisporum J. Erikss.
& Hjortstam, saprobes, widespread, northern Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Larsson 2007b (genus incertae sedis in Agaricomycetes), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Repetobasidiopsis Dhingra & Avn.P. Singh 2008, incertae
sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. grandispora Dhingra & Avn.P. Singh, resupinate basidioma, smooth hymenophore, bambusicolous, widespread, sequence data
unavailable available, see Dhingra and Singh 2008a
(nomenclature, validation).
Repetobasidium J. Erikss. 1958, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, twelve
species, type species R. vile (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss.,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny, hymenochaetoid clade).
Resinicium Parmasto 1968, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
eight species, type species R. bicolor (Alb. & Schwein.)
Parmasto, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nakasone 2007 (monograph), Gruhn et al. 2017b (worldwide key, phylogeny,
new species), new spp. see Telleria et al. 2008a (Equatorial
Guinea), Baltazar et al. 2016 (type examination).
Resiniporus Zmitr. 2018, Irpicaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species R. resinascens (Romell) Zmitr., resupinate porioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
265
Resinomycena Redhead & Singer 1981, Mycenaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
ten species, type species R. rhododendri (Peck) Redhead &
Singer, North America, Europe, Japan, see Antonı́n and
Noordeloos 2004 (Europe), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Petersen et al. 2008
(new genus), new spp. see Desjardin et al. 2016 (Brazil),
Takahashi et al. 2016 (Japan).
Resinoporia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species R. crassa (P. Karst.) Audet, wood-rotting,
most species transformed from Antrodia s. s. or Amyloporia s. s., sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al.
2013 (antrodia clade of Polyporales, phylogeny).
Restilago Vánky 2008, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Basidiomycota, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species R. capensis Vánky, sequence data unavailable, see
Vánky 2008 (taxonomy).
Restingomyces Sulzbacher, Grebenc & Baseia 2016,
Trappeaceae, Hysterangiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species R. reticulatus
Sulzbacher, B.T. Goto & Baseia, sequestrate, Brazilian
Atlantic rainforest, sequence data available, see Sulzbacher
et al. 2016b (taxonomy).
Restiosporium Vánky 2000, Websdaneaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 21 species, type species R.
meneyae Vánky, plant parasites (fruits) on Restionaceae,
Australia, cultures unavailable, sequence data available,
see Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy).
Resupinatus Nees ex Gray 1821, Pleurotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 33 species, type
species R. applicatus (Batsch: Fr.) Gray, worldwide,
basidioma cyphelloid, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nogueira-Melo et al.
2011 (America), Gonou-Zagou et al. 2011 (Greece),
McDonald 2015 (systematics, North American collections
of R. poriaeformis need a new name, also see Haelewaters
et al. 2018).
Retiboletus Manfr. Binder & Bresinsky 2002, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
twelve species, type species R. ornatipes Manfr. Binder &
Bresinsky, stipitate-pileate, North America, Asia, some
species edible (R. ornatipes (Peck) Manfr. Binder &
Bresinsky), see Dai et al. 2010b (edible mushrooms,
China), see Gruber et al. 2013 (compounds), sequence data
available, see Zeng et al. 2016 (monograph, China), new
spp. see Wu et al. 2016f (China), Zeng et al. 2016
(monograph, China).
Rhacophyllus Berk. & Broome 1871 (= Zerovaemyces
Gorovij 1977), Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Coprinopsis P. Karst. 1881, one
species, type species R. lilacinus Berk. & Broome,
sequence data unavailable, see Redhead et al. 2000.
123
266
Rhamphospora D.D. Cunn. 1888, Rhamphosporaceae,
Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species R. nymphaeae D.D. Cunn., plant parasites (leaves) on
genera Castalia, Nymphea, Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae),
widespread, India, North America, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Rheubarbariboletus Vizzini, Simonini & Gelardi 2015,
Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species R. armeniacus (Quél.)
Vizzini, Simonini & Gelardi, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, Europe, sequence data available, see Vizzini 2015
(taxonomy).
Rhizochaete Gresl., Nakasone & Rajchenb. 2004, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 13 species, type species R. brunnea Gresl.,
Nakasone & Rajchenb., resupinate basidioma, smooth to
slightly tuberculate hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data
available, see Greslebin et al. 2004 (phylogeny), Nakasone
et al. 2017 (new sp., new combinations, phylogeny, morphology, type study, Belize), new combinations see Chikowski et al. 2016a, b (phylogeny, nomenclature,
validation).
Rhizoctonia DC. 1805, Ceratobasidiaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Thanatephorus Donk 1956,
see Gónzalez et al. 2016, c. 50 species, type species R.
solani J.G. Kühn, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), R. solani is a serious pathogen of plant, see
Zheng et al. 2013 (evolution), Chen et al. 2017c (pathogen), has priority over Thanathephorus see Oberwinkler
et al. 2017, sequence data available, see Zheng et al. 2013
(evolution, rice sheath blight pathogen), Gónzalez et al.
2016 (phylogeny), new spp. and new combinations see
Oberwinkler et al. 2013a (Germany).
Rhizocybe Vizzini, G. Moreno, P. Alvarado & Consiglio
2015, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, four species, type species R. vermicularis
(Fr.) Vizzini, G. Moreno, P. Alvarado & Consiglio, in
coniferous forests of the Northern hemisphere, spring and
summer, basidioma clitocyboid (funnel-shaped or umbilicate), small, with conspicuous rhizomorphs, sequence data
available, see Alvarado et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Rhizomarasmius R.H. Petersen 2000, Physalacriaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five
species, type species R. pyrrhocephalus (Berk.) R.H.
Petersen, Europe, sequence data available, see Ronikier
and Ronikier 2011 (phylogeny), Moreau et al. 2015b
(emendation).
Rhizopogon Fr. 1817, Rhizopogonaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 157 species,
type species R. luteolus Fr., ectomycorrhizal, see Murata
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
et al. 2013b, widespread (north temperate, introduced with
pines in southern hemisphere), some species edible (R.
luteolus Fr. & Nordholm), some species medicinal use (R.
piceus Berk. & M.A. Curtis), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Mujic et al. 2019 (genome,
phylogeny), new spp. see Grubisha et al. 2014 (eastern
North America), Mujic et al. 2014 (Japan), Crous et al.
2015a (Cape Verde Islands), Koizumi and Nara 2016 (Japan), Li et al. 2016e (China).
Rhizoporia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species R. hyalina (Spirin, Miettinen & Kotir.) Audet,
wood-rotting, sequence data available, see Spirin et al.
2013a (phylongeny, Antrodia s. s.).
Rhodactina Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1989, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three
species, type species R. himalayensis Pegler & T.W.K.
Young, basidiomas sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal, tropical
Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Vadthanarat et al. 2018 (phylogeny, new sp.,
Thailand).
Rhodoarrhenia Singer 1964, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species R. pezizoidea (Speg.) Singer, tropical,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Rhodocollybia Singer 1939, Omphalotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 35 species,
type species R. maculata (Alb. & Schwein.) Singer,
worldwide, see Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2010 (Europe),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Garnica et al. 2007 (Agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore
ultrastructure), Keirle et al. 2010, 2012 (Hawaii, R. laulaha), Petersen and Hughes 2016 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Eyssartier et al. 2011a (Europe), Cooper 2014b (New
Zealand, new combinations), Mata et al. 2016 (neotropical), Latha et al. 2018a (India).
Rhodocybe Maire 1926, Entolomataceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species,
type species R. caelata (Fr.) Maire, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Horak 2008 (New Zealand,
monograph), Noordeloos and Gates 2012a (Tasmania,
Australia, morphology, monograph, as Clitopilus s. l.) dos
Santos Silva-Filho et al. 2018 (new records, Brazil),
sequence data available, see Co-David et al. 2009 (phylogeny), Kluting et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp.
Dähncke et al. 2008 (Canary Islands, Spain), Henkel et al.
2010b (Guyana), Noordeloos et al. 2010 (Germany, as
Clitopilus), Contu et al. 2011 (France, as Clitopilus), Kaur
et al. 2013a (India), Crous et al. 2016b (India), Hyde et al.
2016 (India), Vizzini et al. 2016c, d, 2018 (new
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
combination, Turkey, Estonia, Italy), Crous et al. 2017a, b
(India, Italy), Sesli and Vizzini 2017 (Turkey).
Rhodofomes Kotl. & Pouzar 1990, Fomitopsidaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species R. roseus (Alb. & Schwein.)
Vlasák, perennial basidioma, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread, sequence data available, see
Han et al. 2016a (taxonomy, Fomitopsis s. l.).
Rhodofomitopsis B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016,
Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, four species, type species R. feei (Fr.)
B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Han et al. 2016a (new genus, new combinations,
phylogeny, Fomitopsis s. l).
Rhodonia Niemelä 2005, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species R. placenta (Fr.) Niemelä, K.H. Larss. &
Schigel, resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, brown rot, widespread (circumpolar in the boreal
conifer zone), sequence data available, see Martinez et al.
2009 (genome, lignocellulose conversion), Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales).
Rhodosporidiobolus Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew.
& Boekhout 2015, Sporidiobolaceae, Sporidiobolales,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known,
eleven species, type species R. nylandii (M. Takash. &
Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout,
yeast, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny), Urbina and
Aime 2018 (diversity), Masiulionis and Pagnocca 2017,
Turchetti et al. 2018 (new spp.).
Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison 1927, Sporidiobolaceae,
Sporidiobolales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, 15 species, type species R. glutinis (Fresen.) F.C. Harrison, yeast, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al.
2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny), Urbina and
Aime 2018 (diversity).
Rhodophana Kühner 1971, Entolomataceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species R. nitellina (Fr.) Papetti, worldwide, sequence
data available, see Co-David et al. 2009 (phylogeny),
Baroni and Matheny 2011 (phylogeny), Kluting et al. 2014
(phylogeny), Morgado et al. 2016b (phylogeny), new spp.
see Consiglio and Contu 2008 (Italy, as Rhodocybe), Vizzini et al 2011b (Canary Islands, Spain, as Clitopilus), Raj
et al. 2016 (India), Daniels et al. 2017 (Niger, Africa).
Rhodotus Maire 1926, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species R. palmatus (Bull.) Maire, Europe, North
America, China, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2002
267
(phylogeny), Binder et al. 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Tang et al. 2014 (China).
Rhopalogaster J.R. Johnst. 1902, Rhizopogonaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species R. transversarius (Bosc) J.R. Johnst.,
USA, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Hosaka et al. 2006 (phylogeny, gomphoidphalloid fungi).
Rhynchogastrema B. Metzler & Oberw. 1989, Rhynchogastremaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, asexual
and sexual morph known, nine species, type species R.
coronatum B. Metzler & Oberw., yeast, filamentous, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Rickenella Raithelh. 1973, Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten
species, type species R. fibula (Bull.) Raithelh., worldwide,
see Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004 (European taxa), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Pérez-Izquierdo et al. 2017 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Latha et al. 2015a (India).
Rickiopora Westph., Tomšovský & Rajchenb. 2016, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. latemarginata
(Rick) Westph., Tomšovský & Rajchenb., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, Neotropical, sequence
data available, see Westphalen et al. 2016b (taxonomy,
phylogeny, biology, type study).
Riessia Fresen. 1852, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, five species, type species R. semiophora
Fresen., worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Riessiella Jülich 1985, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, two species, type species R. clavata
Jülich, S. E. Asia, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Rigidoporus Murrill 1905, Meripilaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 30 species,
type species R. micromegas (Mont.) Murrill [current name:
R. microporus (Sw.) Overeem fide Wu et al. 2017a], poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), some species plant
pathogens, see Farid et al. 2009 (plantations, Malaysia,
R. microporus), some species medicinal use, see Dai et al.
2009b (medicinal mushrooms, China, R. ulmarius
(Sowerby) Imazeki), sequence data available, see Wu et al.
2017a (phylogeny), new spp. see Læssøe and Ryvarden
2010a (morphology, Ecuador), Ryvarden and Iturriaga
2010 (morphology, Venezuela), Vampola and Vlasák 2012
(phylogeny, Central Europe), Yuan and Dai 2012 (morphology, China), Gomes-Silva et al. 2014 (morphology,
Brazil, Neotropics), Ryvarden 2014 (morphology, tropical
America), Wu et al. 2017a (new combinations, phylogeny,
123
268
morphology, China), Ryvarden 2018a (morphology,
Zambia).
Rigidotubus J. Song, Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui 2018, Cystostereaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. tephroleucus J.
Song, Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui, wood-rotting, white rot, China,
sequence data available, see Song et al. 2018c (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Rimbachia Pat. 1891, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species, type
species R. paradoxa Pat., tropical, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Moncalvo
et al. 2002 (phylogeny), new spp. see Miettinen and Hernawati 2010 (Indonesia).
Riopa D.A. Reid 1969, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Sporotrichum Link 1809,
three species, type species R. davidii D.A. Reid, resupinate
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, sequence data available, see Miettinen et al. 2016a
(new sp., new combination, phylogeny, type study),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Ripartitella Singer 1947, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species R. squamosidisca (Murrill) Singer, tropical,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Capelari and Asai 2009 (Brazil), Saar et al.
2009 (phylogeny), Baroni et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Ripartites P. Karst. 1879, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species R. tricholoma (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst.,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Tolgor
et al. 2013 (China), sequence data available, see Garnica
et al. 2007 (agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA barcode).
Ripexicium Hjortstam 1995, incertae sedis, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species R. spinuliferum (Jülich) Hjortstam, wood-decaying, Solomon Islands, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Robbauera Boekhout, Begerow, Q.M. Wang & F.Y. Bai
2015, Robbaueraceae, Robbauerales, Exobasidiomycetes,
one species, type species R. albescens (Gokhale) Boekhout,
Begerow, Q.M. Wang & F.Y. Bai, known only from
saprobic states, biocontrol agent for powery mildew, possibly mycoparasite, cultures available, sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2000, 2014, Wang et al.
2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Roestelia Rebent. 1804 (= Cancellaria Brongn.
1825, = Centridium Chevall. 1826), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual genus, c. 15 species,
type species R. cancellata Rebent., typically aecial state of
Gymnosporangium, biotrophic mainly on Rosaceae (one
species on Cupressaceae), terrestrial, north temperate areas
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
including Asia, Europe, North America, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Rogersella Liberta & A.J. Navas 1978, Schizoporaceae,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. asperula Liberta &
A.J. Navas, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2006
(phylogeny, hymenochaetoid clade).
Rogersiomyces J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1978, Hydnaceae,
Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, two species, type species
R. okefenokeensis, USA, Asia, hypochnoid basidiomas
over moistening plant debris, see Mel’nik et al. 2015 (as
Hyphobasidiofera, Vietnam), sequence data available, see
Psurtseva et al. 2016 (new species, phylogeny, life cycle).
Romagnesiella Contu, Matheny, P.-A. Moreau, Vizzini &
A. de Haan 2014, Crassisporiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species R. clavus (Romagn.) Contu, Matheny, P.-A. Moreau, Vizzini & A. de Haan, Northern hemisphere, basidioma naucorioid, on unburnt soil or sand among mosses
and grasses, sequence data available, see Matheny et al.
2015 (taxonomy), Vizzini et al. 2019 (phylogeny and
taxonomy).
Roridomyces Rexer 1994, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species,
type species R. roridus (Fr.) Rexer, some species luminescent (R. pruinosoviscidus (Corner) A.L.C. Chew &
Desjardin), see Desjardin et al. 2008a (luminescent fungus), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Chew et al. 2015 (Malaysia, phylogeny,
bioluminescent fungi), Kim et al. 2015 (Korea), new spp.
see Hausknecht and Krisai-Greilhuber 2008 (Italy), Miersch et al. 2010 (new combination).
Roseofavolus T. Hatt. 2003, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species R. eos (Corner) T. Hatt., poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, Southeast Asia, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Roseograndinia Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005, incertae
sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species R. rosea (Henn.)
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, wood-rotting, widespread,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Rossbeevera T. Lebel, Orihara & N. Maek. 2012 [as
‘Rosbeeva’], Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, ten species, type species R.
pachydermis (Zeller & C.W. Dodge) T. Lebel, sequestrate,
ectomycorrhizal, Asia and Australasia, DNA sequence data
available, new spp. see Lebel et al. 2012, Orihara et al.
2012a (China), Orihara et al. 2016b.
Royoungia Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk 1992, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species R. boletoides
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Castellano, Trappe & Malajczuk, sequestrate or stipitatepileate, Australia, China, Malaysia, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Halling
et al. 2012b (phylogeny), new spp. see Wu et al. 2016f
(China).
Rubellofomes B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016,
Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species R. cystidiatus
(B.K. Cui & M.L. Han) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai,
poroid basidioma, wood-rotting, growing on angiosperm,
brown rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Han
et al. 2016a (taxonomy, phylogeny, Fomitopsis s. l.).
Rubroboletus Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang 2014, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, 14 species, type species R. sinicus (W.F. Chiu)
Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, worldwide,
some species edible (R. esculentus Kuan Zhao, Hui M.
Shao & Zhu L. Yang), see Zhao et al. 2017 (new spp.,
China), sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2014c
(monograph), Janda et al. 2017 (morphology study, R.
legaliae).
Rubroporus Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo 2002,
Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species R. carneoporis
Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo, stipitate or pileate
basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting (or on buried root), white rot, Belize, Brazil, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Rugiboletus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2015, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species R. extremiorientalis (Lj.N. Vassiljeva)
G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang, stipitate-pileate, China, Far East
Russia, Korea, Japan, Nepal, Thailand, Central and South
America, sequence data available, see Wu et al.
2014b, 2016e (phylogeny, morphology, Boletaceae).
Rugosomyces Raithelh. 1979, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. twelve species, type species R. onychinus Raithelh. [current name:
Lyophyllum onychinum (Fr.) Kühner & Romagn. ex
Contu], worldwide, sequence data available, see Bellanger
et al. 2015 (phylogeny).
Rugosospora Heinem. 1973, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species R. ochraceobadia (Beeli) Heinem., tropical,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Ruinenia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, Ruineniaceae, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual morph unknown, five species, type
species R. rubra (Nakase, Oakada & Sugiy.) Q.M. Wang,
F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide,
cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
269
Russula Pers. 1796, Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, [ 3000 species estimated, type species R. emetica (L.) Pers., seven subgenera,
subg. Archaea Buyck & V. Hofst., subg. Compactae (Fr.)
Bon, emend. Buyck & V. Hofst., subg. Crassotunicata
Buyck & V. Hofst., subg. Heterophyllidia Romagnesi,
subg. Malodora Buyck & V. Hofst., subg. Brevipes Buyck
& V. Hofst., subg. Russula Buyck & V. Hofst., see Buyck
et al. 2018b (taxonomy, phylogeny), [ 50 sections,worldwide, ectomycorrhizal, often associated with mycoheterotroph plants (particularly orchids), commercially
important edible species particularly in Asia, see Buyck
2008 (Madagascar), Geml et al. 2010, 2012b (boreal
Alaska, phylogeny, Arctic, biogeography), Li et al. 2010a
(China), other taxonomic studies see Adamčı́k and Buyck
2011a, b, 2012, 2014 (type specimens), Buyck and
Adamčı́k 2011a, b, 2013a, b (type specimens), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Li 2014 (morphology), Hongsanan
et al. 2015 (three new subgenera), Kong et al. 2015 (ectomycorrhizal), Das et al. 2017d (three new sections and
one new subsection), Elliott and Trappe 2018 (recombinations), Adamčı́k et al. 2013, 2018 (type specimens),
Adamčı́k and Jančovičová 2012, 2013 (type specimens),
Buyck et al. 2018a (systemics, multigene phylogeny, new
subgenera, ectomycorrhizal anatomy), sequence data
available, see Buyck et al. 2008 (multigene phylogeny), Li
et al. 2010c (population genetics), Cao et al. 2013 (population genetics), Kleine et al. 2013 (population genetics),
Park et al. 2013, 2014b (multigene phylogeny), Guo et al.
2014 (phylogeny), Shimono et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Wang
et al. 2015b (population genetics), Looney et al. 2016
(multigene phylogeny), Bazzicalupo et al. 2017 (multigene
phylogeny, barcode PNW), Caboň et al. 2017 (multigene
phylogeny), Geml et al. 2017 (tropical rainforests, Borneo),
Lee et al. 2017 (Korea, phylogeny, section Foetentinae), Li
et al. 2019a (barcode selection), Vidal et al. 2019 (phylogeny), selected new species per continent, North America
see Adamčı́k et al. 2010, 2015, 2016b, Arora and Nguyen
2014, Liu et al. 2015a, Hyde et al. 2017a; Asia see Kanad
2010,
2013b,
2017d,
Li
et
al.
et
al.
2011a, 2012, 2013a, 2015a, d, 2016b, 2018a, b, 2019b,
Dutta et al. 2015b, Hyde et al. 2016, Zhao et al. 2015g,
Paloi et al. 2016, Sang et al. 2016, Jiang et al. 2018, Buyck
et al. 2017, Jabeen et al. 2017, Zhang et al. 2017a, Lee et al
2017, Song et al. 2018e, Wang et al. 2019; Europe see
Jurkeit et al. 2011, Pidlich-Aigner 2014, Adamčı́k et al.
2016b, Vauras et al. 2016, Melera et al. 2017, Trendel et al.
2018; South America see Cheype and Campo 2012, Miller
et al. 2012; Africa see Buyck 2008, Douanla-Meli and
Langer 2009c, Sanon et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2018e;
Oceania see Kropp 2016, Buyck et al. 2017.
Ryvardenia Rajchenb. 1994, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
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270
type species R. cretacea (Lloyd) Rajchenb., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, Southern Hemisphere
(Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand), see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Pildain
and Rajchenberg 2013 (phylogeny, Postia s. l., Argentina).
Saccosoma Spirin 2018, Phleogenaceae, Atractiellales,
Atractiellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species,
type species S. farinaceum (Höhn.) Spirin & K. Põldmaa,
presumably saprobic, on decaying wood and decaying
herbaceous material, worldwide (Europe, North and South
America, China, St. Helena), sequence data available, new
spp. see Spirin et al. 2018c (taxonomy, phylogeny),
Schoutteten et al. 2018 (taxonomy).
Tow new combinations proposed:
Saccosoma jozefii (Schoutteten & Verbeken) Schoutteten,
comb. nov., MB 828708
Basionym: Helicogloea jozefii Schoutteten & Verbeken
in Cryptogamie Mycologie 39 (3): 312 (2018).
Saccosoma graminicola (Bres.) Schoutteten, comb. nov.,
MB 828707
Basionym: Saccoblastia graminicola Bres. in Annales
Mycologici 1 (2): 112 (1903), non Exobasidium graminicolum Bres. in Krieger, Fung. Saxon. Exsicc., Pilze Sachsen’s: no. 664 (1892)
Sagaranella V. Hofst., Clémençon, Moncalvo & Redhead
2014, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, four species, type species S. tylicolor (Fr.)
V. Hofstetter, Clémençon, Moncalvo & Redhead, worldwide, basidioma mycenoid, sequence data available, see
Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae).
Saitozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, Trimorphomycetaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, four species, type
species S. flava (Golubev & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai,
M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, on soil, worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny).
Sakaguchia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata 1994, Sakaguchiaceae, Sakaguchiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual
and asexual morphs known, five species, type species S.
dacryoidea (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Y. Yamada, K.
Maeda & Mikata, Antarctica, yeast, aquatic, marine, plant,
see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Wang et al.
2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Salmacisia D.R. Huff & A. Chandra 2008, Tilletiaceae,
Tilletiales, Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species S.
buchloeana (Kellerm. & Swingle) D.R. Huff & Amb.
Chandra, plant parasite (ovaries) on Buchloë (Poaceae),
North America, cultures available, sequence data available,
see Chandra and Huff 2008 (description), Begerow et al.
2014, Huff et al. 2017 (genome announcement).
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Sampaiozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species,
type species S. ingeniosa (Di Menna) Q.M. Wang, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures
and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Sanghuangporus Sheng H. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai
2015, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 13 species, type
species S. sanghuang (Sheng H. Wu, T. Hatt. & Y.C. Dai)
Sheng H. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, some species
medicinal use (S. sanghuang (Sheng H. Wu, T. Hatt. &
Y.C. Dai) Sheng H. Wu, L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai), see Lin
et al. 2017 (anti-inflammatory activity), sequence data
available see Zhou et al. 2016e (monograph), Raja et al.
2017 (DNA barcoding), new sp. see Ghobad-Nejhad 2015
(Iran), new combination see Tomšovský 2015.
Saprogaster Fogel & States 2001, incertae sedis, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. pinyonensis Fogel & States, terrestrial,
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Sarcodon Quél. ex P. Karst. 1881, Bankeraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 49
species, type species S. imbricatus (L.) P. Karst, terrestrial,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Grupe
et al. 2015, 2016 (Neotropics).
Sarcodontia Schulzer 1866, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. mali Schulzer [current name: S. crocea
(Schwein.) Kotl.], hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread, see Szczepkowski 2010 (distribution, decay ability), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Tomšovský et al. 2016 (phylogeny), Justo et al. 2017 (phylogeny, Polyporales),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Sarcomyxa P. Karst. 1891, Mycenaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species S. serotina (Pers.) P. Karst., worldwide, some
species edible [S. edulis (Y.C. Dai, Niemelä & G.F. Qin) T.
Saito, Tonouchi & T. Harada], sequence data available, see
Saito et al. 2014 (phylogeny).
Sarcoporia P. Karst. 1894, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species,
type species S. polyspora P. Karst, resupinate to effusedreflexed basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
brown rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Justo
et al. 2017 (phylogeny, classification), new sp. see Vlasák
et al. 2015 (phylogeny, USA, Costa Rica).
Scalarispora Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type
species S. hashiokae (Hirats. f.) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
biotrophic on Vitaceae (Ampelopsis), terrestrial, China,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Sceptrulum K.H. Larss. 2014, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. inflatum (Burt) K.H. Larss., wood-decaying,
Europe, Jamaica, Seychelles, sequence data unavailable,
see Gorjón 2012 (taxonomy), Larsson 2014 (taxonomy).
Schenella T. Macbr. 1911, Geastraceae, Geastrales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species S. simplex T. Macbr., wood-decaying, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Estrada-Torres et al. 2005 (taxonomy).
Schildia Franchi & M. Marchetti 2015, incertae sedis,
Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species S. sancti-luxurii Franchi & M.
Marchetti, Russia, sequence data available, see Franchi and
Marchetti 2015 (taxonomy).
Schinzinia Fayod 1889, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. pustulosa Fayod, East Africa, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Schizonella J. Schröt. 1877, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, five species, type species S.
melanogramma (DC.) J. Schröt., plant parasite (leaves) on
Carex spp. and Kobresia myosuroides (Cyperaceae), North
America, Asia, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Schizophyllum Fr. 1815, Schizophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species S. commune Fr., worldwide, wood-rot, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), could be pathogenic for
human, see Kumar and Min 2011 (compounds), Chowdhary et al. 2013 (pathogen), Saha et al. 2013 (pathogen),
sequence data available, see Ohm et al. 2010 (genome).
Schizopora Velen. 1922, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species S. laciniata Velen. (current name:
Polyporus laciniatus Velen., worldwide, white rot (S.
paradoxa), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Min et al. 2015 (Genome).
Schizostoma Ehrenb. ex Lév. 1846, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. laceratum (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Lév.,
secotioid, subtropical dry areas, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Schroeteriaster Magnus 1896 (= Uromycodes Clem.
1909), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, four
species, type species S. alpinus Magnus, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
271
Scleroderma Pers. 1801, Sclerodermataceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 46 species,
type species S. verrucosum (Bull.) Pers., widespread, some
species edible (S. aurantiacum (L.) Pers.), see Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), some medicinal use (S.
areolatum Ehrenb), see Dai and Yang 2008 (medicinal
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Guzmán et al. 2013b (monograph, new records, Mexico),
sequence data available, new spp. see Alfredo et al. 2012b
(Amazon rainforest), Nouhra et al. 2012 (Argentina),
Kumla et al. 2013 (Thailand), Zhang et al. 2013 (south
China), Baseia et al. 2016 (Brazil), Crous et al. 2016a
(Cape Verde Islands, Brazil).
Sclerogaster R. Hesse 1891, Sclerogastraceae, Geastrales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species S. lanatus R. Hesse, Europe, America, basidioma gasteroid, hypogeous, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hosaka et al.
2006, 2008 (phylogeny), Krakhmalnyi et al. 2014 (Israel),
Alfredo et al. 2015 (S. luteocarneus), new spp. see Sulzbacher et al. 2016a (Brazil).
Sclerotrema Spirin & Malysheva 2017, Auriculariaceae,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species S. griseobrunneum (K. Wells &
Raitv.) Spirin & Malysheva, wood-rotting, on dry branches
and logs of deciduous trees, sequence data available, see
Malysheva and Spirin 2017 (taxonomy, phylogeny, stereoid basidiocarps, Auriculariales).
Scopulodontia Hjortstam 1998, incertae sedis, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species S. loricata Hjortstam & P. Roberts, wooddecaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Scopuloides (Massee) Höhn. & Litsch. 1908, Meruliaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
five species, type species S. hydnoides (Cooke & Massee)
Hjortstam & Ryvarden, resupinate basidioma, odontioid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson 2007a (phylogeny, classification), Wu et al. 2010a
(phylogeny), Kuuskeri et al. 2015 (phylogeny, molecular
systematics, Phlebia).
Scotoderma Jülich 1974, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. viride (Sacc.) Jülich, wood decaying, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Scotomyces Jülich 1978, Ceratobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. fallax (G. Cunn.) Jülich, saprobes,
wood-decaying, widespread but rare see Güngör et al. 2013
(new record in Turkey), Ambrosia 2014 (Italy), genus in
123
272
need of modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Scutelliformis Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá,
2007, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one
species, type species S. bicornus Salazar-Yepes, PardoCard. & Buriticá, anamorph of Gerwasia, biotrophic on
Rosaceae (Rubus), terrestrial, South America (Ecuador),
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Scutiger Paulet 1808, Albatrellaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species, type
species S. tuberosus Paulet, on soil, worldwide, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Scytinopogon Singer 1945, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type species S. pallescens (Bres.) Singer, Europe,
Africa, India, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), see
Acharya 2012 (India), sequence data available, see Larsson
et al. 2011 (phylogeny), new sp. see Desjardin and Perry
2015 (Africa).
Scytinostroma Donk 1956, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 35 species, type
species S. portentosum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Donk,
wood-decaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003
(phylogeny).
Scytinostromella Parmasto 1968, incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species S. heterogenea (Bourdot & Galzin)
Parmasto, worldwide, wood-decaying, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson and
Larsson 2003 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a.
Sebacina Tul. & C. Tul. 1871, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Opadorhiza T.F. Andersen
& R.T. Moore 1996, 17 species, type species S. incrustans
(Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul., mycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Oberwinkler et al. 2013b (Sebacinales, phylogeny), Riess
et al. 2013 (speciation, S. epigaea, S. incrustans), Kühdorf
et al. 2014 (mycorrhizal), Ruibal et al. 2014 (phylogenetic
markers, Australian orchids), Tedersoo et al. 2014 (phylogeny, biogeography), new spp. see Roberts 2008a
(Belize), Oberwinkler et al. 2014, Moyersoen and Weiß
2014 (Southern Venezuela), Wartchow et al. 2015b
(Brazil).
Sebipora Miettinen 2012, Gelatoporiaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. aquosa Miettinen, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, tropical Asia, sequence data
available, see Miettinen and Rajchenberg 2012 (taxonomy,
phylogeny, Indonesia).
Secotium Kunze 1840, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten species, type
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species S. gueinzii Kunze, worldwide, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Sedecula Zeller 1941, Coniophoraceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. pulvinata Zeller, USA, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Trappe et al.
2015 (phylogeny).
Semiomphalina Redhead 1984, Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. leptoglossoides (Corner) Redhead,
Papua New Guinea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Septobasidium Pat. 1892, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 200 species, type species S.
velutinum Pat., worldwide, some species pathogenic, see
Choi et al. 2016a (felt disease of Schisandra chinensis),
sequence data available, see Henk and Vilgalys 2007
(phylogeny), new spp. and new record see Lu and Guo
2009, 2010a, b (China), Lu et al. 2010 (China), Chen and
Guo 2011a, b (China), Lu and Guo 2011 (China), Li and
Guo 2013, 2014 (China), Li et al. 2013c (China).
Serendipita P. Roberts 1993, Serendipitaceae, Sebacinales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eleven species,
type species S. vermifera (Oberw.) P. Roberts, endophyte,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Zuccaro et al. 2011 (endophytic life strategies, genome and transcriptome analyses,
as Piriformospora), Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (phylogeny),
Weiß et al. 2016 (description of Family Serendipitaceae,
phylogeny, ecology), new spp. see new spp. see Basiewicz
et al. 2012 (Australia, as Piriformospora), Riess et al. 2014
(phylogenetic diversity and community structure, Europe,
North America).
Serpula (Pers.) Gray 1821, Serpulaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. eleven species,
type species S. destruens (Pers.) Gray, saprotrophic, see
Skrede et al. 2013, widespread, some species medicinal use
(S. lacrimans (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Karst.), see Dai and Yang
2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), some species the
agent of dry rot timber decay in buildings, see Watkinson
and Eastwood 2012 (S. lacrymans (Wulfen) J. Schröt.),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Kauserud et al. 2007 (S. lacrymans (Wulfen) J. Schröt.,
evolution), Engh 2010 (S. lacrymans, evolution), Carlsen
et al. 2011 (S. himantioides species complex), Binder et al.
2013 (phylogeny), Balasundaram et al. 2015 (DNA
markers).
Serpulomyces (Zmitr.) Zmitr. 2002, Amylocorticiaceae,
Amylocorticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species S. borealis (Romell)
Zmitr. [current name: Ceraceomyces borealis (Romell) J.
Erikss. & Ryvarden], sequence data available, see Binder
et al. 2013 (phylogeny).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Seticyphella Agerer 1983, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species S. tenuispora Agerer, Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Setigeroclavula R.H. Petersen 1988, Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. ascendens R.H. Petersen, New
Zealand, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Setogyroporus Heinem. & Rammeloo 1982, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species S. verus Heinem. & Rammeloo,
stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, tropical
Africa, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Shivasia Vánky, M. Lutz & Pia˛tek 2012, Ustilaginaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species
S. solida (Berk.) Vánky, M. Lutz & Pia˛tek, plant parasite
(flowers) on Schoenus (Cyperaceae), Australasia, cultures
unavailable, sequence data available, see Lutz et al. 2012,
Begerow et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Sidera Miettinen & K.H. Larss. 2011, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, six species, type species S. lenis (P. Karst.)
Miettinen, sequence data available, see Miettinen and
Larsson 2011 (taxonomy).
Sigmogloea Bandoni & J.C. Krug 2000, incertae sedis,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species S. tremelloidea Bandoni & J.C.
Krug, wood-decaying, North America, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Simocybe P. Karst. 1879, Crepidotaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 26 species, type
species S. centunculus (Fr.) P. Karst., worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Garnica et al. 2007
(agarics, phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Horak
2018 (monograph, New Zealand, new sp.), new spp. see
Bandala et al. 2008b (Spain), Horak and Ronikier 2011
(Europe).
Singerina Sathe & S.D. Deshp. 1981, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species S. indica Sathe & S.D. Deshp., India,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Singerocomus T.W. Henkel & M.E. Sm. 2016, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species S. inundabilis (Singer) T.W. Henkel,
stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal,
South
America,
sequence data available, see Henkel et al. 2016 (phylogeny,
taxonomy), new sp. Magnago et al. 2018 (Brazil).
273
Singerocybe Harmaja 1988, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species S. viscida Harmaja, Europe, North America,
Asia, sequence data available, see Qin et al. 2014b
(taxonomy).
Singeromyces M.M. Moser 1966, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. ferrugineus M.M. Moser, morchelliform,
presumably ectomycorrhizal with Nothofagus, South
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Sinohygrocybe C.Q. Wang, Ming Zhang & T.H. Li 2018,
Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species S. tomentosipes
C.Q. Wang, Ming Zhang & T.H. Li, East Asia, sequence
data available, see Wang et al. 2018a (taxonomy).
Sirobasidium Lagerh. & Pat. 1892, incertae sedis,
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs
unknown, eight species, type species S. sanguineum
Lagerh. & Pat., wood decaying, worldwide, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures and sequence data available, see Millanes et al.
2011 (phylogeny), Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Sirotrema Bandoni 1986, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species S. pusilla Bandoni, on fungal ascocarps,
wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures and sequence data available see
Kachalkin et al. 2019 (taxonomy).
Sistotrema Fr. 1821, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Burgoa Goid. 1937, Ingoldiella
D.E. Shaw 1972, c. 55 species, type species S. confluens
Pers., saprotrophic, ectomycorrhizal, see Di Marino et al.
2008, Münzenberger et al. 2012, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), S. brinkmannii was consistently
isolated from bareroot nursery Pinus banksiana Lamb
seedlings (however nature of association remains unclear),
see Potvin et al. 2012 (association with host), sequence
data available, see Moncalvo et al. 2006 (phylogeny),
Larsson 2007b (phylogeny), new spp. see Kotiranta and
Larsson 2013 (Finland), Zhou and Qin 2013a (China),
Crous et al. 2014b (Netherlands), Gruhn et al. 2017a
(Martinique), Kaur et al. 2019 (India).
Sistotremastrum J. Erikss. 1958, Hydnodontaceae,
Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
six species, type species S. suecicum Litsch. ex J. Erikss.,
wood-decaying, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Telleria
et al. 2013b, 2014 (Macaronesian islands, Chile).
Sistotremella Hjortstam 1984, Hydnaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species S. perpusilla Hjortstam, wood-decaying,
123
274
Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar 1958, Incrustoporiaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
40 species, type species S. amorpha (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
generic limits is not settled, see Justo et al. 2017, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Miettinen and Larsson 2011 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Cui and Dai 2008 (morphology, China), Li et al. 2008
(morphology, China), Ryvarden 2009 (morphology, USA),
Dai 2012a (morphology, China), Vlasák et al. 2012 (phylogeny, USA), Zhou and Qin 2012b (morphology, China),
Cui 2013b (morphology, China), Bian et al. 2016b (phylogeny, China), Fan et al. 2017 (phylogeny, China),
Korhonen et al. 2018 (S. nivea species complex), Miettinen
and Niemelä 2018 (temperate), Ryvarden 2018a (morphology, Uganda, Zambia).
Skeletohydnum Jülich 1979, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. nikau (G. Cunn.) Jülich, resupinate basidioma, hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, New Zealand,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Nakasone et al. 2013 (morphology).
Skepperia Berk. 1857, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species S. convoluta Berk., wood-decaying, Europe,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Skepperiella Pilát 1927, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species S. spathularia (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pilát, on
wood, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Skierka Racib. 1900 (= Ctenoderma Syd. & P. Syd. 1919),
Pileolariaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 13 species,
type species S. canarii Racib., biotrophic on Burseraceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Sapindaceae, Vitaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), new spp. see Gautam and Avasthi
2017 (India).
Skvortzovia Bononi & Hjortstam 1987, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species S. furfurella (Bres.)
Bononi & Hjortstam, South America, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data avaialble, see Miettinen
and Larsson 2011 (phylogeny).
Slooffia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes,
sexual morph unknown, four species, type species S. tsugae
(Phaff & Carmo Souza) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and sequence
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny), new sp. see Yurkov et al. 2016.
Smithiogaster J.E. Wright 1975, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. volvoagaricus J.E. Wright, secotioid,
Argentina, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Smithiomyces Singer 1944, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species S. mexicanus (Murrill) Singer, America, green
houses in tropical plants/soil Dominican Republic, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Baroni et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new sp. see Justo et al.
2015a (Dominican Republic).
Solicoccozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Piskurozymaceae, Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, seven species, type
species S. aeria (Saito) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout, yeast, isolated from soil, cultures and sequence
data avalaible, cultures are available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(phylogeny), Yurkov et al. 2016, Yurkov and Kurtzman
2019 (new spp.).
Solioccasus Trappe, Osmundson, Manfr. Binder, Castellano & Halling 2013, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. polychromus Trappe, Osmundson, Manfr. Binder, Castellano & Halling, sequestrate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, Australia and Papua New Guinea, sequence
data available, see Trappe et al. 2013 (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Sorataea Syd. 1930 (= Allopuccinia H.S. Jacks. 1931),
Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eight species, type species S. amiciae Syd., biotrophic on Fabaceae,
terrestrial, Africa (Ivory Coast), South America (Bolivia,
Venezuela), Asia (Indonesia, Philippines), sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Ono
2015b (new combination).
Sparassiella Schwarzman 1964, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. longistipitata Schwarzman, woodrotting, Kazakhstan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Sparassis Fr. 1819, Sparassidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species, type
species S. crispa (Wulfen) Fr., composed basidioma, woodrotting (on roots), brown rot, widespread, some species
medicinal use (S. latifolia Y.C. Dai & Zheng Wang), some
species edible (S. crispa), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Ryoo et al. 2013 (phylogeny),
new spp. see Zhao et al. 2013c (phylogeny, China), Hughes
et al. 2014a (phylogeny, USA).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Sparsitubus L.W. Hsu & J.D. Zhao 1980, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species S. nelumbiformis L.W. Hsu &
J.D. Zhao, cyphelloid basdiome, wood-rotting, East Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy), sequence data available, see Dai et al. 2007
(phylogeny, morphology).
Spathulina Pat. 1900, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. lamellosa (Pat.) Pat, South America, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Spencerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. crocea (Shifrine & Phaff) Q.M. Wang, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, insect, USA, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Sphacelotheca de Bary 1884, Microbotryaceae, Microbotryales, Microbotryomycetes, c. 50 species, type species
S. hydropiperis (Schumach.) de Bary, worldwide, pathogenic, sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e
(phylogeny, taxonomy).
Sphaerobasidioscypha Agerer 1983, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species S. citrispora Agerer (current name:
Flagelloscypha austrofilicis J.A. Cooper), New Zealand,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Sphaerobasidium Oberw. 1965, Hydnodontaceae,
Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species S. minutum (J. Erikss.) Oberw.
ex Jülich, wood decaying, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson
et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Sphaerobolus Tode 1790, Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species S. stellatus Tode, on wood or coprophilous,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Geml et al. 2005 (molecular systematic),
Kohler et al. 2015 (genome, evolution).
Sphaerophragmium Magnus 1891, Sphaerophragmiaceae,
Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 24 species, type species S.
acaciae (Cooke) Magnus, biotrophic on Annonaceae,
Fabaceae, terrestrial, circumglobal in tropics, species on
Annonaceae restricted to Africa and New Guinea, see
Beenken and Berndt 2010 (new species, species on
Annonaceae), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see McTaggart et al. 2015 (phylogeny,
Australia).
Sphagnurus Redhead & V. Hofst. 2014, Lyophyllaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species S. paluster (Peck) Redhead & V.
275
Hofstetter, sequence data available, see Redhead and Hofst
2014 (taxonomy), Bellanger et al. 2015 (phylogeny,
accepted as a monophyletic genus in Lyophyllaceae).
Sphenorchidium Beenken 2015, incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species S.
xylopiae (J.M. Yen & Sulmont) Beenken, asexual morph
aecidium-like, biotrophic on Annonaceae, terrestrial,
Gabon, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, sequence data available,
see Beenken and Wood 2015 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Sphenospora Dietel 1892, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, six species, type species S. pallida (G.
Winter) Dietel, biotrophic on Annonaceae, Dioscoreaceae,
Orchidaceae, Smilacaceae, terrestrial, Africa (Gabon),
tropical America (Brazil, Florida, USA, Guatemala, Peru,
Venezuela), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Aime 2006 (phylogeny),
Beenken and Wood 2015 (phylogeny).
Spiculogloea P. Roberts 1996, Spiculogloeaceae, Spiculogloeales, Spiculogloeomycetes, sexual and asexual
morph known, five species, type species S. occulta P.
Roberts, mycoparasitic (tremelloid haustorial cells) on
crust fungi and heterobasidiomycetes, distribution Europe,
Canada? see Bandoni et al. 2002, sequence data available,
see Aime et al. 2006 (phylogeny), Bauer et al. 2006
(phylogeny), Aime et al. 2014 (phylogeny), Wang et al.
2015e (phylogeny), new spp. see Schoutteten et al. 2018
(Belgium).
Spongiforma Desjardin, Manfr. Binder, Roekring & Flegel
2009, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, two species, type species S. thailandica
Desjardin, Manfr. Binder, Roekring & Flegel, morchelliform astipitate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, tropical Asia,
sequence data available, see Desjardin et al. 2009, 2011
(taxonomy, new spp., Malaysia).
Spongioides Lázaro Ibiza 1916, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. cryptarum (Bull.) Lázaro Ibiza, Europe
(France), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Spongipellis Pat. 1887, incertae sedis, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species
(needs revision since genus shown to be polyphyletic), type
species S. spumeus (Sowerby) Pat., poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Tomšovský
2012 (phylogeny, Europe, S. litschaueri).
Spongiporus Murrill 1905, Dacryobolaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species S. leucospongia (Cooke & Harkn.) Murrill,
poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, widespread,
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(phylogeny, antrodia clade).
Spongispora G. Wu, S.M.L. Lee, E. Horak & Zhu L. Yang
2018, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
123
276
morph unknown, one species, type species S. temasekensis
G. Wu, S.M.L. Lee, E. Horak & Zhu L. Yang, stipitatepileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, Singapore, sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2018a (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Sporisorium Ehrenb. ex Link 1825, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 195 species, type species S.
sorghi Ehrenb. ex Link, plant parasites (flowers) on Poaceae, systemic, widespread, saprobic yeast states on plants,
the genus is not monophyletic, cultures available, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2000, 2014, McTaggart et al. 2012a, b, c,
Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Sporobolomyces Kluyver & C.B. Niel 1924 (= Blastoderma B. Fisch. & Breback 1894; = Aessosporon Van der
Walt 1970; = Sporidiobolus Nyland 1950, see Aime et al.
2018b), Sporidiobolaceae, Sporidiobolales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, eleven species, type species S. roseus Kluyver & C.B. Niel, yeast,
worldwide, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures
and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny), Urbina and Aime 2018 (diversity).
Spumula Mains 1935, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, seven species, type species S. quadrifida
Mains, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, Mexico,
Philippines, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Squamanita Imbach 1946, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species S. schreieri Imbach, worldwide, parasitic, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Redhead et al. 1994, Vizzini and Girlanda 1997,
Matheny and Griffith 2010 (mycoparasitism), Halama 2016
(Poland).
Stagnicola Redhead & A.H. Sm. 1986, Mythicomycetaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species S. perplexa (P.D.
Orton) Redhead & A.H. Sm., North temperate, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny), Vizzini et al. 2019
(phylogeny).
Staheliomyces E. Fisch. 1921, Phallaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. cinctus E. Fisch, saprobic, terrestrial,
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Stalpersia Parmasto 2001, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. orientalis Parmasto, Europe, wood-decaying, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Stanglomyces Raithelh. 1986, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. taxophilus Raithelh., South America,
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Staurophallus Mont. 1845, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. senegalensis Mont., terrestrial, Africa, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Stecchericium D.A. Reid 1963, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species S. seriatum (Lloyd) Maas Geest.,
worldwide, wood-decaying, sequence data unavailable, see
Yuan and Dai 2008a (new record, China), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a.
Steccherinum Gray 1821, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species S. ochraceum (Pers.) Gray, varied basidioma,
hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence data available, see Miettinen et al. 2012
(phylogeny, morphological plasticity), Binder et al. 2013
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see Yuan and Wu 2012
(morphology, China, East Asia), Hyde et al. 2017b (phylogeny, Brazil), Westphalen et al. 2018 (Europe), new
combinations see Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (phylogeny, morphology).
Stegiacantha Maas Geest. 1966, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species S. petaloides (Lloyd) Maas Geest,
hydnoid hymenophore, wood-rotting, Madagascar,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Stegocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw. 1999,
Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, six
species, type species S. luzulae (Sacc.) M. Piepenbr.,
Begerow & Oberw., plant parasite (pedunculi, spikelet) on
Juncaceae, North America, possibly South America, Asia,
Europe, Greenland, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014, Nasr et al. 2014a, Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Stemastrum Raf. 1808, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species S. boscii Raf., sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Stephanophallus MacOwan 1880, Phallaceae, Phallales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species S. woodii MacOwan, terrestrial, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Stephanopus M.M. Moser & E. Horak 1975, Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species S. azureus M.M. Moser
& E. Horak, South America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Stephanospora Pat. 1914, Stephanosporaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species S. caroticolor (Berk.) Pat., worldwide, terrestrial,
basidomes sequestrate, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Lebel et al. 2015 (cryptic
diversity, Australasia, new spp.), new spp. see GuevaraGuerrero et al. 2015 (North America).
Stereophlebia Zmitr. 2018, Meruliaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, one
species, type species S. tuberculata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Zmitr., phlebioid basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot,
widespread, see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Stereopsis D.A. Reid 1965, Stereopsidaceae, Stereopsidales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 15 species, type species S. radicans (Berk.) D.A. Reid, terrestrial,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Sjökvist et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Ryvarden 2012c (Costa Rica),
Sjökvist et al. 2014 (S. globosa, new combination).
Stereostratum Magnus 1899, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species S. corticioides
(Berk. & Broome) H. Magn., biotrophic on Poaceae, terrestrial, China, Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available.
Stereum Hill ex Pers. 1794, Stereaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 40 species,
type species S. hirsutum (Willd.) Pers., worldwide, wooddecaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Floudas et al. 2012 (genome).
Sterigmatomyces Fell 1966, Agaricostilbaceae, Agaricostilbales, Agaricostilbomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs
known, five species, type species S. halophilus Fell, yeast,
small basidiocarps on plants, worldwide, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Sterigmatosporidium G. Kraep. & U. Schulze 1983,
Cuniculitremaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual
and asexul morphs known, one species, type species S.
polymorphum G. Kraep. & U. Schulze, yeast, possibly
mycoparasite, on wood, bark beetle, Europe, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Stilbotulasnella Oberw. & Bandoni 1982, incertae sedis,
Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species S. conidiophora Bandoni &
Oberw., saprobes, Hawaii, genus in need of modern
interpretation, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Stilbum Tode 1790, Chionosphaeraceae, Agaricostilbales,
Agaricostilbomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. ten
species, type species S. vulgare Tode, worldwide, sequence
data and cultures unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy).
277
Stiptophyllum Ryvarden 1973, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species S. erubescens (Berk.) Ryvarden,
stipitate basidioma, lamellate hymenophore, wood-rotting,
brown rot, Neotropical, sequence data unavailable, see de
Campos Santana and Loguercio-Leite 2008 (morphology),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Stollia McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012, Ustilaginaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, five species, type species
S. ewartii (McAlpine) McTaggart & R.G. Shivas, plant
parasites (ovaries) on Andropogoneae (Poaceae), Australia,
South America, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see McTaggart et al. 2012b, Begerow et al. 2014,
Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny).
Strobilomyces Berk. 1851, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 27 species, type
species S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk., stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Han et al. 2018
(biogeography, monograph), Sato et al. 2017 (diversification rate study), new spp. see Sato and Murakami 2009
(Japan), Sato et al. 2011 (Japan), Gelardi et al. 2013b
(China), Antonı́n et al. 2015b (Korea), Ullah et al. 2019
(Pakistan).
Strobilurus Singer 1962, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species S. conigenoides (Ellis) Singer, sarotrophic,
worldwide, see Shiono et al. 2008 (compounds), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Walther et al. 2005 (phylogney), Garnica et al. 2007 (agarics,
phylogeny, basidiospore ultrastructure), Petersen and
Hughes 2010 (phylogeny), Osmundson et al. 2013 (DNA
barcode), Qin and Yang 2016 (phylogeny).
Stromatocyphella W.B. Cooke 1961, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species S. conglobata (Burt) W.B.
Cooke, on wood, North America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. 1872, Strophariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 20 species,
type species S. aeruginosa (Curtis) Quél., saprotrophic,
worldwide, some species edible, see Bridge et al. 2008
(taxonomy), Cortez and da Silveira 2008 (Brazil), Bruhn
et al. 2010 (cultivation), Zhang et al. 2014b (novel lectin),
sequence data available, see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny), new spp. see da Silva et al. 2009 (Brazil),
Senthilarasu and Singh 2013a (India), Tian and Bau 2014
(China).
Stylina Syd. & P. Syd. 1921, Graphiolaceae, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, one species, type species S. disticha
(Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Syd. & P. Syd., plant parasite (leaves) on
Livistona (Arecaceae), China, cultures unavailable,
123
278
sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2002, 2014
(taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Stypella Möller 1895, incertae sedis, Auriculariales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species S. papillata Möller, widespread, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson 2007b (ITS sequence, phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2019a
(taxonomy, phylogeny, S. vermiformis group).
Stypellopsis Spirin & V. Malysheva 2018, incertae sedis,
Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, two species, type species
S. hyperborea Spirin & V. Malysheva (type species) and S.
farlowii (Burt) Spirin & K.H. Larss. (previously Protomerulius farlowii), North America (USA) and Europe
(Norway), see Spirin et al. 2019a (genus introduced,
phylogeny).
Subantrodia Audet 2017, Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species S. juniperina (Murrill) Audet, wood-rotting,
sequence data available, see Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013
(antrodia clade of Polyporales, phylogeny).
Subulicium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1979, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, three species, type species S. lautum (H.S.
Jacks.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data avaiable, see Langer
2002 (phylogeny).
Subulicystidium Parmasto 1968, Hydnodontaceae,
Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
20 species, type species S. longisporum (Pat.) Parmasto,
wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Gorjón
et al. 2012b (Patagonian Andes), see Ordynets et al. 2018
(phylogeny, keys)
Sugitazyma A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015, Trimorphomycetaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one
species, type species S. miyagiana (Nakase, Itoh, Takem. &
Bandoni) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout,
yeast, on fir (Abies firma), Japan, cultures and sequence
data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Suillellus Murrill 1909, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 23 species, type
species S. luridus (Schaeff.) Murrill, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, sequence data available, new
spp. see Wu et al. 2016f (China).
Suillosporium Pouzar 1958, Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species S. cystidiatum (D.P. Rogers) Pouzar,
saprobic, wood-rotting, worldwide, genus in need of
modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
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Suillus Gray 1821, Suillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, c. 60 species, type species S.
luteus (L.) Roussel, ectomycorrhizal with Pinaceae, widespread (north temperate, introduced in southern hemisphere), some species edible (S. acidus (Peck) Singer),
some medicinal use, (S. bovinus (L.) Roussel), see Dai and
Yang 2008 (medicinal mushrooms, China), Dai et al.
2010b (edible mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Nguyen et al. 2016
(phylogeny), Min et al. 2014 (Korean Suillus), Zhang et al.
2017c (phylogeny), new spp. see Bruns et al. 2010 (California and Oregon, USA), Verma and Sudhakara 2014
(India), Sarwar et al. 2015 (Pakistan), Verma and Reddy
2015a, b (India), Qi et al. 2016 (northeast China), Shi et al.
2016 (China).
Sulzbacheromyces B.P. Hodk. & Lücking 2014, Lepidostromataceae, Lepidostromatales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, six species, type species S.
caatingae (Sulzbacher & Lücking) B.P. Hodk. & Lücking,
terrestrial, tropical Africa, Asia and America, sequence
data available, see Hodkinson et al. 2014 (phylogeny,
Mexico), new spp. see Liu et al. 2017a (China).
Sutorius Halling, Nuhn & N.A. Fechner 2012, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species S. eximius (Peck) Halling, M. Nuhn &
Osmundson, stipitate-pileate, ectomycorrhizal, worldwide,
DNA sequence data available, see Halling et al. 2012a
(phylogeny), Chai et al. 2019 (China), amended by Wu
et al. 2016f to include Neoboletus, or should be restricted to
Sutorius sensu Halling et al. 2012a (Raspé and Vadthanarat, unpubl.).
Symmetrospora Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Symmetrosporaceae, incertae sedis, Cystobasidiomycetes, sexual morph unknown, six species, type
species S. gracilis (Derx) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M.
Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Sympodiomycopsis Sugiy., Tokuoka & Komag. 1991, incertae sedis, Microstromatales, Exobasidiomycetes, three
species, type species S. paphiopedili Sugiy., Tokuoka &
Komag., known only from saprobic states, plant material,
see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2001, 2014 (phylogeny, taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (phylogenetic classification of
yeasts, Ustilaginomycotina), Kijpornyongpan and Aime
2017 (validation).
Syzygospora G.W. Martin 1937, Filobasidiaceae, Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, asexual morphs unknown, two
species, type species S. alba G.W. Martin, yeast, mycoparasitic, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures and sequence data available, see Millanes et al.
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
2011 (phylogeny), Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Szczepkamyces Zmitr. 2018, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, monotypic, type
species S. campestris (Quél.) Zmitr., resupinate porioid
basidioma, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Taeniospora Marvanová 1977, Atheliaceae, Atheliales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Fibulomyces Jülich 1972,
two species, type species T. gracilis Marvanová, Czech
Republic, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Taiwanofungus Sheng H. Wu, Z.H. Yu, Y.C. Dai & C.H.
Su 2004, incertae sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, two species, type species
T. camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu, Z.H.
Yu, Y.C. Dai & C.H. Su, China, medicinal use, see Hsieh
et al. 2010 (natural products), Geethangili and Tzeng 2011
(bioactive compounds), sequence data available, see Wu
et al. 2004 (phylogeny), Yang et al. 2018a (genome and
transcriptome analyses, cultivation).
Taiwanoporia T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou 2003, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species T. amylospora T.T.
Chang & W.N. Chou, China, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Takashimella Q.M. Wang 2015, Tetragoniomycetaceae,
Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, four species, type species T. formosensis
(Nakase, Tsuzuki & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, yeast,
worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang
and Wang 2015 (ballistoconidium-forming yeasts, Trichosporonales), Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and
phylogeny).
Tapinella E.-J. Gilbert 1931 (= Sarcopaxillus Zmitr.,
Malysheva & E.F. Malysheva 2004), Tapinellaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species T. panuoides (Batsch) E.-J. Gilbert,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Garnica et al. 2007 (phylogeny), Van der
Linde and Haller 2013 (ecology).
Tausonia Babeva 1998, Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, three
species, type species T. pamirica Babeva, yeast, widespread, see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy
and phylogeny), Kachalkin et al. 2019 (new spp.).
Tectella Earle 1909, Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species, type
species T. patellaris (Fr.) Murrill, worldwide, see Seok
et al. 2011 (Korea), Jančovičová et al. 2012 (Slovakia),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Moncalvo et al. 2002 (phylogeny).
279
Telomapea G.F. Laundon 1967 (= Mapea Boedijn 1957),
Chaconiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species,
type species T. inocarpi (Racib.) G.F. Laundon, biotrophic
on Inocarpus (Fabaceae), terrestrial, Indonesia, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Tengioboletus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang 2016, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species T. reticulatus G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang,
basidioma stipitate-pileate with tubular hymenophore,
central China, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2016f
(taxonomy, China), new spp. see Zeng et al. 2018 (China).
Tephrocybe Donk 1962, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 47 species,
type species T. rancida (Fr.) Donk, worldwide, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae), Bellanger et al. 2015 (phylogeny), new spp. see Picillo 2014
(Italy).
Tephrocybella Picillo, Vizzini & Contu 2015, Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species T. griseonigrescens
Picillo, Vizzini & Contu, Italy, basidioma collybioid,
sequence data available, see Crous et al. 2015a (taxonomy),
Hyde et al. 2017b (taxonomy).
Tephroderma Contu & Musumeci 2014, incertae sedis,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. fuscopallens Musumeci & Contu,
France, Turkey, see Sesli and Topçu 2016 (Turkey),
sequence data available, see Musumeci and Contu 2014b
(taxonomy).
Terana Adans. 1763, Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. coerulea (Lam.) Kuntze, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Floudas and
Hibbett 2015 (phylogeny, Phanerochaete s. l.).
Terenodon Maas Geest. 1971, Gomphaceae, Gomphales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. serenus Maas Geest., Japan, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Termiticola E. Horak 1979, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. rubescens E. Horak, Papua New Guinea,
Malaysia, on termite nest, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data unavailable, genus in need of
revision.
Termitomyces R. Heim 1942 (= Termitosphaera Cif. 1935
fide Art. 59.1), Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph previously known in Termitosphaera Cif. 1935, c. 34 species, type species T. striatus
(Beeli) R. Heim, Africa, Southeast Asia, in nests of
Macrotermitinae, edible, termite mushroom (T. eurrhizus
(Berk.) R. Heim), see Hall et al. 2003 (edible mushrooms),
123
280
Mondal et al. 2008 (chemical analysis), Dai et al. 2010b
(edible mushrooms, China), Wei et al. 2009 (China, key,
morphology), Osiemo et al. 2010 (Africa), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Nobre et al.
2011 (genetic population structure), Sawhasan et al. 2011
(Thailand), Siddiquee et al. 2012 (T. heimii), Tibuhwa
2012 (Tanzania), Karun and Sridhar 2013 (India), Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae), Rahmad
et al. 2014 (proteomic analysis, T. heimii), Mossebo et al.
2017 (phylogeny), new spp. see Mossebo et al. 2011
(Cameroun), Takahashi et al. 2016 (Japan).
Testicularia Klotzsch 1832, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, three species, type species T.
cyperi Klotzsch, plant parasites (flowers, spikelets) on
Rhynchospora spp. (Cyperaceae), West Africa, North
America, South America, Caribbean Basin, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
unavailable, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Tetragoniomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1981, Rhynchogastremaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, asexual
and sexual morphs known, one species, type species T.
uliginosus (P. Karst.) Oberw. & Bandoni, mycoparasite, on
wood, Europe, on wood, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Millanes et al. 2011
(phylogeny), Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny),
Pontes et al. 2017 (sequence data).
Tetrapyrgos E. Horak 1987, Marasmiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 18 species, type
species T. atrocyanea (Métrod) E. Horak, saprophytic,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Honan et al. 2015 (taxonomy, phylogeny, type studies, new spp.), Desjardin and Perry 2017
(type study).
Thanatephorus Donk 1956, Ceratobasidiaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Rhizoctonia
DC. 1805, 12 speceis, type species T. cucumeris (A.B.
Frank) Donk, worldwide, pathogenetic, see Willocquet and
Savary 2011 (rice sheath blight), sequence data available,
see González et al. 2012 (genetic diversity, T. cucumeris),
Oberwinkler et al. 2013a (Ceratobasidium-Rhizoctonia
complex).
Thecaphora Fingerh. 1836, Glomosporiaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, 61 species, type species T. seminis-convolvuli Liro, plant parasites (various parts of host
plant) on dicots, North America, Asia, Australia, Europe,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Frantzeskakis et al.
2017 (life cycle, T. thlaspeos), cultures available, sequence
data available, see Vánky et al. 2008 (taxonomy), Conforto
et al. 2013 (molecular data), Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Vasighzadeh et al. 2014 (phylogeny, T. schwarzmaniana), Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny, taxonomy), new
spp. see Roets et al. 2008 (South Africa), Crous et al.
2018b (Australia), Kruse et al. 2018 (Greece).
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Thekopsora Magnus 1875, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, seven species, type species T. areolata
(Fr.) Magnus, biotrophic on Betulaceae, Cornaceae, Ericaceae, Rosaceae, terrestrial, Asia (China, Japan), Europoe,
Eurasia, North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see Yang
et al. 2014, 2015a (phylogeny, China), Aime et al. 2018a
(phylogeny, evolution with host, Pucciniales).
Thelephora Ehrh. ex Willd. 1787, Thelephoraceae,
Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
c. 50 species, type species T. terrestris Ehrh., ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, edible when basidiomas are young, see
Sha et al. 2008 (genetic diversity), Norikura et al. 2011
(anticancer activities of T. aurantiotincta), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Ramı́rezLópez et al. 2013, 2015 (phenotypic plasticity of basidioma, phylogeny, cryptic species), Wang et al. 2017b
(mitochondrial genomes, T. ganbajun), Zmitrovich et al.
2018b (phylogeny, new combinations), new spp. see Vizzini et al. 2016a (Dominican Republic).
Thelephorella P. Karst. 1889, incertae sedis, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. brasiliensis P. Karst., wood-decaying, South America, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2008.
Theleporus Fr. 1847, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species, type
species T. cretaceus Fr., poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, new spp. see Zhou and Dai 2012a
(China), Yuan 2015 (China), new combination, see
Ariyawansa et al. 2015 (Venezuela).
Thermophymatospora Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah 1986,
Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one specie, type species T. fibuligera
Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah, wood-rotting, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Thujacorticium Ginns 1988, Cyphellaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. mirabile Ginns, Canada, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Tilletia Tul. & C. Tul. 1847, Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales,
Exobasidiomycetes, 179 species, type species T. caries
(DC.) Tul. & C. Tul., plant parasites (ovaries, leaves) of
Poaceae, widespread, cultures available, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Tilletiaria Bandoni & Johri 1972, Tilletiariaceae,
Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, sexual and asexual
morphs known, one species, type species T. anomala
Bandoni & B.N. Johri, known only from saprobic states,
see Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), Kirk et al. 2013
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data available, see Bauer et al. 2001a (taxonomy), Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Tilletiopsis Derx 1948, Entylomataceae, Entylomatales,
Exobasidiomycetes, sexual morph Entyloma de Bary 1874,
Melanotaenium de Bary 1874, three species, type species
T. washingtonensis Nyland, worldwide, known only from
saprobic states, plant pathogen, see Hamamoto et al. 2000,
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Baric et al. 2010 (white haze, Italy),
Boekhout 2011 (taxonomy), Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny), Prencipe
et al. 2016 (Croatia).
Tinctoporellus Ryvarden 1979, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species T. epimiltinus (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden,
resupinate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
widespread (pantropical), see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Justo et al. 2017
(phylogeny, Polyporales), new spp. see Yuan and Wan
2012 (phylogeny, China).
Titaeella G. Arnaud ex K. Ando & Tubaki 1985, incertae
sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, one species, type
species T. capnophila G. Arnaud ex K. Ando & Tubaki,
Europe, Japan, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Tolyposporella G.F. Atk. 1897, Tilletiariaceae, Georgefischeriales, Exobasidiomycetes, six species, type species T.
chrysopogonis G.F. Atk., plant parasites (leaves, leaf
sheats) on Poaceae, maybe also Eriocaulaceae, Africa,
North America, South America, Australasia, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data
available, see Bauer et al. 2001b (taxonomy, phylogeny),
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Tolyposporium Woronin ex J. Schröt. 1887, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, five species,
type species T. junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin ex J. Schröt.,
plant parasites (various plant parts) on genera Juncus
(Juncaceae) and Schoenus, Ficinia (Cyperaceae), North
America, Australasia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see
Piepenbring et al. 1999 (phylogeny), Begerow et al. 2014
(taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Tomentella Pers. ex Pat. 1887, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 100
species, type species T. ferruginea (Pers.) Pat., ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, see Kaur et al. 2010 (India), Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Geml
et al. 2012b, 2014a, b (Arctic, phylogeny, biogeography,
coastal dunes, Europe, Andean forests, Argentina), Morgado et al. 2015, 2016 (arctic tundra, Alaska, ecology),
281
Alvarez-Manjarrez et al. 2016 (phylogeny, Mexico),
Zmitrovich et al. 2018b (phylogeny), new spp. see Yorou
and Agerer 2008 (phylogeny, West Africa), Yorou et al.
2012a, b (West Africa), Kuhar et al. 2017 (Patagonian
Andes forests).
Tomentellopsis Hjortstam 1970, Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight
species, type species T. echinospora (Ellis) Hjortstam,
ectomycorrhizal, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson 2007b
(phylogeny).
Tomophagus Murrill 1905, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Thermophymatospora
Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah 1986, two species, type
species T. colossus (Fr.) Murrill, poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread (America, Vietnam),
sequence data available, see Le et al. 2012 (new sp., phylogeny, Vietnam, genus accepted).
Trachyspora Fuckel 1861 (= Trachysporella Syd. 1921),
Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, five species, type species T. alchemillae (Pers.) Fuckel, biotrophic
on Rosaceae (Alchemilla), Euphorbiaceae, terrestrial, Europe (Switzerland), Africa (Kenya), Indonesia, Brazil, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Maier et al. 2003 (phylogeny), Aime 2006 (phylogeny).
Tracya Syd. & P. Syd. 1901, Doassansiaceae, Doassansiales, Exobasidiomycetes, two species, type species T.
lemnae (Setch.) Syd. & P. Syd., plant parasites on vegetative parts of Hydrocharitaceae and Lemnaceae, Europe,
North America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy).
Trametes Fr. 1836, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 70 species, type
species T. suaveolens (L.) Fr., poroid hymenophore, woodrotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), some species
medicinal use, see Zmitrovich et al. 2012 (review, medicinal properties, Trametes spp.), Wasser 2017 (medicinal
mushrooms, human clinical studies), sequence data available, see Tomšovský et al. 2006 (phylogeny, Europe),
Zmitrovich and Malysheva 2013 (phylogeny), Carlson
et al. 2014 (phylogeny), new spp. see Ryvarden et al. 2009
(morphology, Neotropics), Læssøe and Ryvarden 2010b
(morphology, Ecuador), Li and Cui 2010 (morphology,
Southwest China), Ryvarden 2012a, b, 2015b (morphology, Costa Rica, Neotropics, Brazil), new combinations,
see Justo and Hibbett 2011 (phylogeny), Malysheva and
Zmitrovich 2011 (Trametes hirsuta-complex), Welti et al.
2012 (phylogeny), Spirin et al. 2015a (morphology),
Ryvarden 2016c (morphology).
Trametopsis Tomšovský 2008, Irpicaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
123
282
type species T. cervina (Schwein.) Tomšovský, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread,
sequence data available, see Tomšovský 2008 (phylogeny,
Europe), new sp. see Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017b (new
combinations, phylogeny, Neotropics), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy)
Tranzschelia Arthur 1906 (= Polythelis Arthur
1906; = Lipospora Arthur 1942), Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 19 species, type species T.
cohaesa (Long) Arthur, biotrophic on Ranunculaceae
(microcyclic or macrocyclic) and heteroecious macrocyclic
species on Ranunculaceae (aecial host) and Prunoideae
(telial host), terrestrial, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see Wingßeld et al. 2004
(phylogeny), Scholler et al. 2014 (new species, key to
American species, T. thalictri is probably a species
complex).
Tranzscheliella Lavrov 1936, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 17 species, type species T. otophora Lavrov, plant parasites (aborted flowers, stems) on
Poaceae, Africa, Australia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures available, sequence data available,
Kellner et al. 2011 (phylogeny, grass smuts), Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Trappea Castellano 1990, Trappeaceae, Hysterangiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species T. darkeri (Zeller) Castellano, China, Europe,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Hosaka et al. 2008 (phylogeography), new
spp. see Gómez-Reyes et al. 2014 (Mexico).
Trechinothus E.C. Martini & Trichiès 2004, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species T. smardae (Pilát) E.C. Martini &
Trichiès, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2008.
Trechispora P. Karst. 1890, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 48 species, type species T. onusta P. Karst., wood-decaying,
worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Rosenthal et al. 2017 (ecology, corticioid fungi in North American pinaceous forests).
Tremella Pers. 1794, Tremellaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, type species
T. mesenterica Retz., more than 500 species described
(mostly old doubtful names), 100 species accepted, some
species edible, see Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), presently
restricted to T. mesenterica lineage (other species temporarily accommodated in the genus), asexual morph as
yeast, mycoparasitic, lichenicolous, worldwide, see
Kurtzman et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence
data available, see Findley et al. 2009 (phylogeny),
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Millanes et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Liu et al. 2015b (phylogeny), new spp. see Millanes et al. 2012 (Sweden, USA),
Ariyawansa et al. 2015 (USA), Diederich et al. 2015
(Peru), Lindgren et al. 2015 (associated with lichenized
ascomycete), Malysheva et al. 2015b (Russia), Millanes
et al. 2015 (Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Svalbard,
and Sweden), Zamora et al. 2017, 2018 (Europe, USA),
Zhao et al. 2019 (China).
Tremellacantha Jülich 1980, incertae sedis, Auriculariales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species T. sclerodontia (Mont. & Berk.) Jülich
[current name: Protohydnum sclerodontium (Mont. &
Berk.) Hjortstam & Spooner], sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2008.
Tremellina Bandoni 1986, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, sexual morph Cuniculitrema J.P. Samp.
& R. Kirschner 2001, one species, type species T. pyrenophila Bandoni, on fungal ascocarps, North America,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Tremellodendropsis (Corner) D.A. Crawford 1954,
Tremellodendropsidaceae, Tremellodendropsidales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species, type
species T. tuberosa (Grev.) D.A. Crawford, widespread,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Berbee et al. 2016 (phylogeny).
Tremellogaster E. Fisch. 1924, Diplocystidiaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type species T. surinamensis E. Fisch., Surinam,
Guyana, ectomycorrhizal, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Wilson et al. 2012a
(evolution).
Tremelloscypha D.A. Reid 1979, Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four
species, type species T. australiensis D.A. Reid, Australia,
Jamaica, some species edible (T. gelatinosa (Murrill)
Oberw. & K. Wells), see Bandala et al. 2014 (Mexico),
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Bandala et al. 2012a (Mexico, morphology), Oberwinkler et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Sebacinales).
Tretomyces K.H. Larss., Kotir. & Saaren. 2011, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species T. lutescens (J. Erikss.
& Ryvarden) K.H. Larss., Kotir. & Saaren., sequence data
available, see Kotiranta et al. 2011 (taxonomy).
Tretopileus B.O. Dodge 1946, Corticiaceae, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, three species,
type species T. opuntiae B.O. Dodge, probably plant parasitic, USA, Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Okada et al. 1998 (phylogeny),
Jayawardena et al. 2019 (phylogeny, updated notes).
Trichaptum Murrill 1904, incertae sedis, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 27 species, type species T. trichomallum (Berk. & Mont.) Murrill,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
worldwide, wood-decaying, some species medicinal use (T.
abietinum (Pers.: Fr) Ryvarden), see Dai and Yang 2008
(medicinal mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Dai et al. 2009a
(monograph, China, new spp.).
Trichocintractia M. Piepenbr. 1995, Anthracoideaceae,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species
T. utriculicola (Henn.) M. Piepenbr., plant parasite (spikelets) on Rhynchospora spp. (Cyperaceae), widespread in
tropical regions, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Nasr et al. 2014a (phylogeny).
Trichocybe Vizzini 2010, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. puberula (Kuyper) Vizzini, Northwestern
Europe, sequence data available, see Vizzini et al. 2010a
(taxonomy).
Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude 1857, Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 210
species, type species T. flavovirens Alb. & Schwein.,
worldwide, ectomycorrhizal, some species edible, matsutake (T. matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer), see Hall et al.
2003 (edible mushrooms), Dai et al. 2010b (Chinese edible
mushrooms), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), You et al.
2013 (antioxidant and antitumour activities), sequence data
available, see Mouhamadou et al. 2008 (molecular evolution), Jargeat et al. 2010 (T. scalpturatum species complex), Yu et al. 2011 (phylogeny), Ota et al. 2012
(matsutake mushrooms), Murata et al. 2013a (section
Caligata), Moukha et al. 2013 (T. equestre species complex), Hosen et al. 2016c (T. sinoacerbum), HeilmannClausen et al. 2017 (monograph, Europe), new spp. see
Christensen and Heilmann-Clausen 2009 (Europe), Park
et al. 2014a (Korea), Yang et al. 2017b (Eastern Himalaya),
Ovrebo and Hughes 2018 (New Mexico and Colorado).
Tricholomella Zerova ex Kalamees 1992, Lyophyllaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. constricta (Fr.) Zerova ex Kalamees, East Europe, East Asia, sequence data available, see
Hofstetter et al. 2014 (phylogeny, Lyophyllaceae).
Tricholomopsis Singer 1939, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 33 species,
type species T. rutilans (Schaeff.) Singer, worldwide, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Razaq et al. 2012 (T. flammula), new spp. see Vauras
2009 (Estonia), Holec and Kolařı́k 2013c (Europe), Olariaga et al. 2015a (cryptic speciation), Cooper and Park
2016 (New Zealand), Holec et al. 2019 (Europe).
Tricholosporum Guzmán 1975, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species T. goniospermum (Bres.) Guzmán ex T.J.
Baroni, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2016b (China),
283
Angelini et al. 2017 (T. goniospermum, phylogeny, Tricholomatineae), new spp. see Angelini et al. 2014 (Dominican Republic), Xu et al. 2018 (China).
Trichopsora Lagerh. 1892, Pucciniosiraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species T. tournefortiae
Lagerh., biotrophic on Boraginaceae (Tournefortia), terrestrial, Ecuador, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Trichosporon Behrend 1890, Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph unknown,
12 species, type species T. ovoides Behrend, yeast, on
wood, soil, human skin, worldwide, see Kurtzman et al.
2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy), Takashima et al. 2018 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Trichosporonoides Haskins & J.F.T. Spencer 1967, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Tremellomycetes, sexual
morph unknown, six species, type species T. oedocephalis
Haskins & J.F.T. Spencer, worldwide, erythritol-producing, see Sawada et al. 2009 (erythritol production), Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Rosa et al. 2009 (phylogeny).
Trigonosporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. hylophilus (Van der Walt, D.B. Scott &
Klift) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout,
yeast, isolated from insects, South Africa, cultures and
sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Trimitiella Dhingra 2008, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. indica Dhingra, India, sequence data
unavailable, see Dhingra and Singh 2008a (validation).
Trimorphomyces Bandoni & Oberw. 1983, Trimorphomycetaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and
asexual morphs known, two species, type species T.
papilionaceus Oberw. & Bandoni, yeast, basidiocarps
gelatinous, mycoparasite, widespread, see Kurtzman et al.
2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see
Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Triodiomyces McTaggart & R.G. Shivas 2012, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, six species, type
species T. altilis (Syd.) McTaggart & R.G. Shivas, plant
parasites (columns or inflorescence) on Triodia spp. (Poaceae), Australia, saprobic yeast states on plants, cultures
available, sequence data available, see McTaggart et al.
2012b (taxonomy), Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang
et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Triphragmiopsis Naumov 1914 (= Nyssopsorella Syd.
1921), Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, three
species, type species T. jeffersoniae Naumov, biotrophic on
Berberidaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, China, Europe,
123
284
Russia, Korea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), Ono 2013b (microcyclic life cycle
of T. jeffersoniae).
Triphragmium Link 1825, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, seven species, type species T. ulmariae
(DC.) Link, biotrophic on Fabaceae, Rosaceae, terrestrial,
Europe, Japan, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data availale, see Yun et al. 2011 (phylogeny,
Frommeëlla revisited).
Tritirachium Limber 1940, Tritirachiaceae, Tritirachiales,
Tritirachiomycetes, four species, type species T. dependens
Limber, worldwide, some species pathogenic for hunman,
see Moraes et al. 2010 (T. oryzae), sequence data available,
see Vu et al. 2019 (DNA sequences), sequence data
available, see Beguin et al. 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see
Manohar et al. 2014 (Arabian sea).
Trogia Fr. 1836, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 94 species, type
species T. aplorutis (Mont.) Fr., tough texture with clitocyboid to omphalinoid habit and possessing the ability of
reviving in situ, worldwide, saprotrophic, some species
lethal, see Shi et al. 2012 (China), Zhou et al. 2012
(compounds), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Kumar and Manimohan 2009a (India),
Mi et al. 2016 (T. venenata), new spp. see Yang et al.
2012b (China), Dutta et al. 2017 (India).
Tropicoporus L.W. Zhou, Y.C. Dai & Sheng H. Wu 2015,
Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, twelve species, type species T.
excentrodendri L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, sequence data
available, see Zhou et al. 2016e (morphology), new spp.
see Coelho et al. 2016 (Brazil), Wu et al. 2015c (Thailand).
Trullella Zmitr. 2018, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species T. dentipora (Ryvarden & Iturr.) Zmitr., wooddecaying, worldwide, sequence data available, see Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016 (taxonomy, phylogeny, as Trulla),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Truncocolumella Zeller 1939, Suillaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species T. citrina Zeller, ectomycorrhizal, North
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Grubisha et al. 2001 (phylogeny).
Truncospora Pilát 1953, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 23 species, type
species T. ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilát (current namne:
Perenniporia ochroleucus Berk), poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2016d (phylogeny, North America),
new spp. see Decock 2011 (morphology, new combination,
São Tome, Africa), Spirin et al. 2015b (phylogeny, East
Asia, Caribbean, Mexico, USA, Spain), new combinations
see Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
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Tsugacorticium Nakasone & Burds. 2011, incertae sedis,
Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species T. kenaicum Nakasone
& Burds., Alaska, sequence data available, see Nakasone
and Burdsall 2012 (monograph).
Tubaria (W.G. Sm.) Gillet 1876, Tubariaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 21 species,
type species T. furfuracea (Pers.) Gillet, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Matheny et al. 2007a (phylogeny), Zhang and Bau 2010
(China), Petersen et al. 2010 (phylogeny, accepted in
Tubariaceae), Antonı́n et al. 2012a (Czech Republic),
Horak 2018 (monograph, New Zealand, new spp.), new
spp. see Latha et al. 2016a (India).
Tubariella E. Horak & Hauskn. 2002, Bolbitiaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. rhizophora E. Horak & Hauskn.,
Papua New Guinea, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Tubariomyces Esteve-Rav. & Matheny 2010, Inocybaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species T. inexpectatus (M. Villarreal,
Esteve-Rav., Heykoop & E. Horak) Esteve-Rav. &
Matheny, Mediterranean Europe, Northern Africa, basidioma tubarioid, sequence data available, see Alvarado et al.
2010 (taxonomy), new spp. see Vizzini et al. 2013b (Italy),
Matheny and Bougher 2017 (Australia).
Tubariopsis R. Heim 1931, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. torquipes R. Heim, Madagascar, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Tuberculina Tode ex Sacc. 1880, Helicobasidiaceae,
Helicobasidiales, Pucciniomycetes, c. 26 species, type
species T. persicina (Ditmar) Sacc. [current name: Helicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat.], worldwide, sequence
data available, new spp. see Zhao et al. 2017d (China).
Tubosaeta E. Horak 1967, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type
species T. brunneosetosa (Singer) E. Horak, stipitate-pileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, tropical Africa, China?,
see Zang 2001, Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Vu et al. 2019 (DNA barcodes).
Tubulicium Oberw. 1965, Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species T. vermiferum (Bourdot) Oberw.,
wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Larsson et al. 2004
(phylogeny).
Tubulicrinis Donk 1956, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 34
species, type species T. glebulosus (Fr.) Donk, worldwide,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see Larsson et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Tubulicrinopsis Hjortstam & Kotir. 2007, incertae sedis,
incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
four species, type species T. ellipsospora Kotir., Hjortstam
& M. Kulju, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2008.
Tulasnella J. Schröt. 1888, Tulasnellaceae, Cantharellales,
Agaricomycetes, asexul morph Epulorhiza R.T. Moore
1987, c. 70 species, type species T. lilacina J. Schröt.,
saprobes, ecological strategies highly diverse: saprobic,
orchid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhizal, parasitic on amoebae,
associated with liverworts, wood-rotting, on other fungi,
intrahymenial, endophytic in roots, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), Oberwinkler et al. 2017
(distributional and ecological review), sequence data
available, see Moncalvo et al. 2006 (phylogeny, cantharelloid clade), Veldre et al. 2013 (phylogeny, Ceratobasidiaceae, evolution), new spp. and species delimitation
see Cruz et al. 2011, 2014 (tropical Andean forest, cryptic
species), Almeida et al. 2014 (Brazil, as Epulorhiza), Linde
et al. 2014, 2017 (species delineation, Australia), Cruz
et al. 2016 (taxonomic revision), Solis et al. 2017 (Spain),
Fujimori et al. 2019 (Japan).
Tulostoma Pers. 1794, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 83 species, type
species T. brumale Pers., worldwide, dry environment,
stalked puffballs, see de Diego Calonge and Esteban 2007
(Spain), Hanson 2008 (Sweden), Piña et al. 2010 (America), Chakraborty et al. 2013 (India), Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2017 (T.
dumeticola), sequence data available, see Larsson and
Jeppson 2008 (phylogeny), new spp. see Hernández Caffot
et al. 2011 (Argentina), Hussain et al. 2016 (Pakistan),
Jeppson et al. 2017 (Europe), Hernández-Navarro et al.
2018 (Mexico).
Tumidapexus D.A. Crawford 1954, Aphelariaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. ravus D.A. Crawford, saprobes,
wood-decaying, found in New Zealand, genus in need of
modern interpretation, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Turbinellus Earle 1909, Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species, type
species T. floccosus (Schwein.) Earle ex Giachini &
Castellano, terrestrial, some species ectomycorrhizal, some
species edible (T. floccosus), see Lamus et al. 2015 (central
Mexico), sequence data available, see Giachini et al. 2010
(phylogeny), Giachini and Castellano 2011 (taxonomy).
Turmalinea Orihara & N. Maek. 2015, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type species T. persicina Orihara, sequestrate,
ectomycorrhizal, Asia, sequence data available, see Orihara
et al. 2016b (taxonomy).
285
Tygervalleyomyces Crous 2017, Typhulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type
species T. podocarpi Crous, South Africa, sequence data
available, see Crous et al. 2017b (taxonomy).
Tylocinum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one
species, type species T. griseolum Yan C. Li & Zhu L.
Yang, basidioma stipitate-pileate with tubular hymenophore, sequence data available, see Wu et al. 2016f (taxonomy, China).
Tylopilus P. Karst. 1881, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 100 species, type
species T. felleus (Bull.) P. Karst., worldwide, some species
edible (T. alboater (Schwein.) Murrill), see Kikuchi et al.
2009 (fruiting body formation), Dai et al. 2010b (edible
mushrooms, China), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Gelardi et al. 2015c (phylogeny, China), new spp. see Osmundson and Halling 2010
(Costa Rica), Horak 2011 (revision), Sarwar et al. 2014
(Pakistan), Wu et al. 2016f (monograph, China), Magnago
et al. 2017b (Brazil), Chakraborty et al. 2018 (Indian
Himalaya), Liang et al. 2018 (China).
Tylospora Donk 1960, Atheliaceae, Atheliales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species T. asterophora (Bonord.) Donk, widespread, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available,
see Yamashiro et al. 2008 (phylogeny, Japan).
Tympanella E. Horak 1971, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species T. galanthina (Cooke & Massee) E. Horak,
New Zealand, basidioma gasteroid, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Horak 2018
(New Zealand).
Typhrasa Örstadius & E. Larss. 2015, Psathyrellaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two
species, type species T. gossypina (Bull.) Örstadius & E.
Larss., Europe, North America, on wood or on soil,
sequence data available, see Örstadius et al. 2015
(taxonomy).
Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 1818, Typhulaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, some species asexual morph Sclerotium
Tode 1790, c. 100 species, type species T. phaccorrhiza
(Reichard) Fr., seven subgenera: Typhula Fr., Pistillina
Quél., Gliocoryne Marie, Pistillaria Fr., Typhulina Berthier
et Khurana, Microtyphula Berthier, and Cnazonaria Corda,
saprobes or pathogens, terrestrial, worldwide of cold climate, some pathogenic species (snow molds), Typhula
blight (T. incarnata Lach, T. ishikariensis S. Imai, T.
japonica Terui, T. phaccorrhiza (Reichard) Fr., T. trifolii
Rostr., T. variabilis Riess), see Hoshino et al. 2009a
(ecophysiological characteristics), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Hoshino et al.
2009a, Gafforov and Hoshino 2015, Ikeda et al. 2016, new
123
286
spp. see Olariaga et al. 2008 (herbarium specimens),
Olariaga and Salcedo 2009 (Spain), Hoshino et al. 2009b
(seashore, Japan).
Tyromyces P. Karst. 1881, Incrustoporiaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 41 species,
type species T. chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst., the generic limit of
Tyromyces is not currently settled (needs revision since
genus shown to be polyphyletic), poroid hymenophore,
wood-rotting, white rot, cosmopolitan, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Miettinen
and Rajchenberg 2012 (phylogeny), new spp. see Mata and
Ryvarden 2010 (morphology, Costa Rica), Ryvarden and
Iturriaga 2011 (morphology, Venezuela), Ryvarden
2012a, d, 2016b, 2018a (morphology, Costa Rica,
Colombia, Venezuela, Ethiopia, Kenya, Zimbabwe), Hyde
et al. 2017b (phylogeny, Brazil), new combinations see
Ryvarden 2012c, 2016a (morphology, type study, Brazil),
Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Udeniomyces Nakase & Takem. 1992, Mrakiaceae,
Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, four species, type species U. pyricola (Stadelmann) Nakase & Takem., yeast, widespread, see Kurtzman
et al. 2011 (taxonomy), cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Udeniozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species U. ferulica (J.P. Samp. & Uden) Q.M. Wang,
F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, aquatic, Portugal, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang et al.
2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Ugola Adans. 1763, incertae sedis, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, sexual morph Asterophora Ditmar 1809, three
species, type species U. physaroides (Fr.) Redhead &
Seifert, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Uleiella J. Schröt. 1894, Uleiellaceae, Uleiellales, Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species U. paradoxa J.
Schröt., plant parasites (young inflorescences) on Araucaria spp. (Araucariaceae), Brazil, Chile, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), cultures available, sequence data
available, see Riess et al. 2016 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Uncobasidium Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1978, incertae
sedis, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, two species, type species U. luteolum Hjortstam
& Ryvarden, corticioid basidioma, wood-rotting, widespread (Europe, South America), sequence data unavailable, see Gorjón et al. 2012a (new sp., morphology,
Patagonian Andes of Argentina), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Uncol Buriticá & P.A. Rodr. 2000, Uncolaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, one species, type species U.
diazii Buriticá & P.A. Rodr., biotrophic on Pteridophyta
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
(Cyatheaceae), terrestrial, Colombia, see Cummins and
Hiratsuka 2003 (excluded from Pucciniales).
Ungulidaedalea B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai 2016,
Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual
morph unknown, one species, type species U. fragilis (B.K.
Cui & M.L. Han) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai, poroid
hymenophore, wood-rotting, brown rot, China, sequence
data available, see Han et al. 2016a (taxonomy, phylogeny,
Fomitopsis s. l), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy).
Unilacryma Shirouzu, Tokum. & Oberw. 2013, Unilacrymaceae, Unilacrymales, Dacrymycetes, asexual morph
unknown, one species, type species U. unispora (L.S.
Olive) Shirouzu, Tokum. & Oberw., wood-decaying, Asia
(Japan), sequence data available, see Shirouzu et al. 2013b
(taxonomy, phylogeny).
Uraecium Arthur 1933, incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, twelve species, type species U. holwayi
(Arthur) Arthur, worldwide, sequence data unavailable, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Uredinella Couch 1937, Septobasidiaceae, Septobasidiales,
Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species U. coccidiophaga, worldwide, sequence data available, see Henk and
Vilgalys 2007 (phylogeny), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted).
Uredinopsis Magnus 1893, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, 30 species, type species U. filicina
(Niessl) Magnus, biotrophic on Pteridophyta (Osmundaceae, Polypodiaceae), Pinaceae, terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, see McTaggart et al. 2014 (first record of fern
rust in Australia, phylogeny), Aime et al. 2018a (phylogeny, evolution with host, Pucciniales).
Uredo Pers. 1801 (= Mapea Pat. 1906, = Nigredo (Pers.)
Roussel 1806, = Peridipes Buriticá & J.F. Hennen
1994, = Rubigo (Pers.) Roussel 1806, = Trichobasis Lév.,
in Orbigny 1849, = Uredo ** Nigredo Pers. 1801), incertae sedis, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph
particularly of Melampsora Castagne 1843, Puccinia Per.
1974, Uromyces (Link) Unger 1833, ca. 600 species, type
species U. betae Pers., biotrophic on many plant families,
terrestrial, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data availale, see McTaggart et al. 2016b
(phylogeny, Australia), Wang et al. 2015e (phylogeny),
new spp. see Yepes and Céspedes 2008 (neotropics),
Berndt 2009 (South Africa), Mohanan 2010 (Kerala), de
Carvalho and Hennen 2010 (new combinations), Hernández and Cline 2010 (replaced Uredo spinulosa Y. Ono,
nom. illeg. with Uredo dioscoreae-doryphorae), Zhuang
and Wei 2011, 2012, 2016 (China), Berndt and Wood 2012
(South Africa).
Uredopeltis Henn. 1908, Phakopsoraceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, seven species, type species U. congensis
Henn., biotrophic on Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Rubiaceae, Tilliaceae, terrestrial, probably circumglobal in
tropics, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), new spp. see
Mohanan 2010 (Kerala).
Urocystis Rabenh. ex Fuckel 1870, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales, Ustilaginomycetes, 166 species, type species U.
occulta (Wallr.) A.A. Fisch. Waldh., plant parasites
(leaves, stems, sometimes in flowers, fruits, roots) on dicots
and monocots, widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), cultures available, sequence data available,
Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Uromyces (Link) Unger 1833, nom. cons., see Art. 14,
Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, (= Alveomyces Bubák 1914, = Capitularia Rabenh. 1851, = Coeomurus Gray 1821, = Dichlamys Syd. & P. Syd. 1920
[1919], = Groveola Syd. 1921, = Haplopyxis Syd. & P.
Syd. 1920 [1919], = Haplotelium Syd. 1922, = Hypodermium subgen. Uromyces Link 1816 [1815], = Klebahnia
Arthur 1906, = Nielsenia Syd. 1921, = Ontotelium Syd.
1921, = Poliotelium Syd. 1922, = Puccinella Fuckel
1860, = Pucciniola L. Marchand 1829, = Teleutospora
Arthur & Bisby 1921, = Telospora Arthur 1906, = Trochodium Syd. & P. Syd. 1920 [1919], = Uromycopsis
Arthur 1906), c. 1500 species, type species U. appendiculatus (Pers.) Link, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Chung et al. 2008 (identification with PCR), Link et al. 2014 (genome sequence),
Souza et al. 2015 (new combination, molecular analysis,
key to Uromyces on Loranthaceae), new spp. see Chung
et al. 2008 (China), McKenzie 2008 (new combinations,
New Zealand), Salazar Yepes and Buriticá Céspedes 2008
(neotropics), Berndt and Baiswar 2009 (India), Thaung
2009 (Burma), Walker and van der Merwe 2009 (Australia), Zhuang and Wei 2011 (China), Berndt 2013a (key
to species on Cucurbitaceae), Bahcecioglu 2014 (Turkey),
Sánchez and Piepenbring 2014 (key to species on Loranthaceae), Souza et al. 2015 (Brazil).
Uromycladium McAlpine 1905 (= Macalpinia Arthur
1906), Pileolariaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, eleven species, type species U. simplex McAlpine, biotrophic
on Fabaceae (Acacia, Paraserianthes), gall rust, terrestrial,
Australia, South East Asia, South Pacific, New Zealand,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data
available, new spp. see Berndt 2010b (Australia), Doungsaard et al. 2015 (molecular analysis, key to genus, SouthEast Asia).
Uropyxis J. Schröt. 1875 (= Calliospora Arthur 1905),
Uropyxidaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, 15 species,
type species U. amorphae (M.A. Curtis) J. Schröt., biotrophic on Bignoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, terrestrial, Africa, North, South and Central America, China,
sequence data unavailable see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), Ordoñez and Barnes 2017 (morphology).
287
Ustacystis Zundel 1945, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales,
Ustilaginomycetes, two species, type species U. waldsteiniae (Peck) Zundel, parasitic on Waldsteinia (Rosaceae), see Vánky 2009 (U. waldsteiniae), sequence data
available, see Begerow et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Ustanciosporium Vánky 1999, Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 22 species, type species U.
rhynchosporae Vánky, plant parasite (spikelet) on Cyperaceae, widespread, cultures available, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Piepenbring
et al. 1999 (sequences data), Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel 1806, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, 170 species, type species U.
hordei (Pers.) Lagerh., plant parasites (inflorescence,
flowers, leaves) on Poaceae, widespread, saprobic yeast
states on plants, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
cultures available, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2000 (phylogeny), Vánky 2012 (overview), McTaggart et al. 2012a, 2016c (taxonomy).
Ustilentyloma Savile 1964, Ustilentylomataceae, Microbotryales, Microbotryomycetes, four species, type species
U. pleuropogonis Savile, sequence data available, new
combination see Wang et al. 2015e (phylogeny,
taxonomy).
Vandasia Velen. 1922, incertae sedis, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species, type
species V. rosea Velen., terrestrial, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Vanderbylia D.A. Reid 1973, Polyporaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven species,
type species V. vicina (Lloyd) D.A. Reid, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting, white rot, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Binder et al. 2013 (phylogeny), Zmitrovich 2018a
(taxonomy).
Vankya Ershad 2000, Urocystidaceae, Urocystidales,
Ustilaginomycetes, three species, type species V. ornithogali (J.C. Schmidt & Kunze) Ershad, plant parasites
(leaves) on Liliaceae, North America, Asia, Europe, cultures unavailable, sequence data available, see Begerow
et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Vanrija R.T. Moore.1980 (= Asterotremella H.J. Prillinger, K. Lopandic, K. Sterflinger, E. Metzger & R.
Bauer; = Asterotremella Prillinger, Lopandic & Sugita),
Trichosporonaceae, Trichosporonales, Tremellomycetes,
sexual morph unknown, nine species, type species V.
humicola (Dasz.) R.T. Moore, yeast, soils, on wood,
worldwide, cultures and sequence data available, see Liu
et al. 2015b (taxonomy, phylogeny), Takashima et al. 2018
(taxonomy, phylogeny), new spp. see Xi et al. 2019
(China).
123
288
Vanromburghia Holterm. 1898, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species V. silvestris Holterm., Indonesia, litter decay,
sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2008.
Vararia P. Karst. 1898, Peniophoraceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species,
type species V. investiens (Schwein.) P. Karst., worldwide,
wood-decaying, see Karasinski 2010 (Polish resupinate
Russulales, key), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Liu and He 2016b (phylogeny,
China), new spp. see Samita et al. 2012 (India).
Veloporphyrellus L.D. Gómez & Singer 1984, Boletaceae,
Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, seven
species, type species V. pantoleucus L.D. Gómez & Singer,
stipitate-pileate, North and Central America, southeastern
Asia, Africa, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Li et al. 2014g (phylogeny),
Wu et al. 2016f (taxonomy, China).
Veluticeps (Cooke) Pat. 1894, Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
twelve species, type species V. berkeleyana Cooke, wooddecaying, cause a brown rot of wood, widespread, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, new
spp. see He and Li 2013a (China), Yang et al. 2016a
(China).
Verrucospora E. Horak 1967, incertae sedis, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species V. verrucispora (Beeli) E. Horak, Africa,
Thailand, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Sysouphanthong et al. 2013b (Thailand), sequence data
available, see Matheny et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Vesiculomyces E. Hagstr. 1977, Peniophoraceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, one species, type species V. citrinus
(Pers.) E. Hagstr., resupinate, wood-rotting, sequence data
available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny),
Miller et al. 2006 (phylogeny).
Violaceomyces Albu, Toome & Aime 2015, Violaceomycetaceae, Violaceomycetales, Ustilaginomycetes,
one species, type species V. palustris S.A. Albu, M. Toome
& M.C. Aime, known only from saprobic states, plant
material, cultures available, sequence data available, see
Albu et al. 2015 (taxonomy).
Vishniacozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, sexual and asexual morphs known, eleven
species, type species V. carnescens (Verona & Luchetti)
X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast,
mycoparasite, yeast morphs on plant material, worldwide,
cultures and sequence data available, see Liu et al. 2015b
(taxonomy and phylogeny), Yurkov and Kurtzman 2019
(new spp.).
Volvariella Speg. 1898, Pluteaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 50 species, type
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species V. argentina Speg., worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, see Justo et al.
2011b (phylogeny, Pluteaceae), Vizzini et al. 2011c (phylogeny), Bao et al. 2013 (genome), new spp. see Menolli
and Capelari 2008 (Brazil), Seok et al. 2009 (Korea), Justo
and Castro 2010a, b (Iberian Peninsula), Senthilarasu et al.
2012 (India), Kaur et al. 2013c (India), Kaur and Singh
2014 (India), Xu et al. 2015b (China), Sá and Wartchow
2016 (Brazil).
Volvocisporium Begerow, R. Bauer & Oberw. 2001,
Volvocisporiaceae, Violaceomycetales, Ustilaginomycetes,
two species, type species V. triumfetticola (M.S. Patil)
Begerow, R. Bauer & Oberw., plant parasites (leaves) on
Malvacea, India, Namibia, cultures unavailable, sequence
data available, see Begerow et al. 2001, 2014 (taxonomy,
phylogeny), Wang et al. 2015c (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Volvopluteus Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011, Pluteaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unkown, four
species, type species V. gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu
& Justo, Europe, North America, sequence data available,
see Justo et al. 2011a (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Vonarxula Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species,
type species V. javanica (Arx & Weijman) Q.M. Wang,
F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, plant material,
Indonesia, cultures and sequence data available, see Wang
et al. 2015e (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Vuilleminia Maire 1902, Vuilleminiaceae, Corticiales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, eight species,
type species V. comedens (Nees) Maire, wood-decaying,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010
(phylogeny), new spp. see Ghobad-Nejhad and Ginns 2012
(North America to East Asia, Siberia, and Finland), Ghobad-Nejhad and Duhem 2014 (France).
Vustinia Kachalkin, Turchetti & Yurkov 2019, Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales, Tremellomycetes, sexual morph
unknown, one species, type species V. terrae Kachalkin,
Turchetti & Yurkov, yeast, psychrophilic, soil, Eruope,
Asia, cultures and sequence data available, see Kachalkin
et al. 2019 (description, phylogeny).
Waitea Warcup & P.H.B. Talbot 1962, Corticiaceae,
Corticiales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph as Rhizoctonia
zeae Voorhees, one species, type species W. circinata
Warcup & P.H.B. Talbot, saprotroph or plant parasitic,
widespread, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
Jayawardena et al. 2019 (full notes, phylogeny), sequence
data available, Depriest et al. 2005 (phylogeny), GhobadNejhad et al. 2010 (phylogeny).
Wakefieldia Corner & Hawker 1953, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species W. striaespora Corner & Hawker,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
sequestrate, Europe, Asia, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Kaounas et al. 2011
(W. macrospora, Greece).
Wallemia Johan-Olsen 1887, Wallemiaceae, Wallemiales,
Wallemiomycetes, eight speices, type species W. ichthyophaga Johan-Olsen, worldwide, food contamination agent,
see Zajc and Gunde-Cimerman 2018 (contamination of
food), sequence data available, new spp. see Jančič et al.
2015 (W. sebi species complex), Dı́az-Valderrama et al.
2017 (South America).
Websdanea Vánky 1997, Websdaneaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species W. lyginiae
(Websdane, Sivasith., K.W. Dixon & Pate) Vánky, plant
parasite on Lyginia barbata (Anarthriaceae), Australia, see
Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, see Begerow et al. 2014 (taxonomy), Wang et al. 2015c (phylogeny, taxonomy).
Wielandomyces Raithelh. 1988, Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species W. robustus Raithelh., Europe, sequence data
unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Woldmaria W.B. Cooke 1961, Niaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species W. filicina (Peck) Knudsen, Europe, North
America, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Bodensteiner et al. 2004 (phylogeny).
Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. 1984, Laetiporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph Pachyma Fr.
1822, six species (needs revision since genus shown to be
polyphyletic, see Hussein et al. 2018), type species W. cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb., widespread, woodrotting, sclerotium-forming (W. cocos), see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), Zmitrovich 2018a (taxonomy), sequence
data available, see Lindner and Banik 2008 (phylogeny,
North America), Floudas et al. 2012 (genome, W. cocos),
some species edible or medicinal use, see Dai et al. 2009b
(medicinal mushrooms, China), see Wang et al. 2013c
(Mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, phytochemistry
and pharmacology), new spp. see Tibpromma et al. 2017
(phylogeny, China).
Wrightoporia Pouzar 1966, Bondarzewiaceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 32 species, type
species W. lenta (Overh. & J. Lowe) Pouzar, worldwide,
wood-decaying, white rot, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Chen et al. 2016b
(molecular systematics), new sp. see Chen and Yu 2012
(South China), Jang et al. 2013a (South Korea), Chen and
Cui 2014a (China).
Wrightoporiopsis Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui 2015,
Hericiaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph
unknown, five species, type species W. neotropica (Ryvarden) Y.C. Dai, Jia J. Chen & B.K. Cui, worldwide,
289
wood-decaying, sequence data available, see Chen et al.
2016b (phylogeny).
Xanthagaricus (Heinem.) Little Flower, Hosag. & T.K.
Abraham 1997, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes,
asexual morph unknown, twelve species, type species X.
flavidorufus (Berk. & Broome) Little Flower, Hosag. &
T.K. Abraham, agaricoid, tropical, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted), sequence data available, new spp. see
Hosen et al. 2017, 2018a (Asia), Hussain et al. 2018a
(Pakistan), Kumla et al. 2018 (Thailand), Wang et al.
2018b (China).
Xanthoconium Singer 1944, Boletaceae, Boletales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, ten species,
type species X. stramineum (Murrill) Singer, stipitatepileate, presumably ectomycorrhizal, North America, Asia,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), some species edible,
see Bessette et al. 2017 (Eastern North America), sequence
data available, see Wu et al. 2016e (China), Liang et al.
2017b (China).
Xanthoporia Murrill 1916, Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
three species, type species X. andersonii (Ellis & Everh.)
Murrill, sequence data available, see Tura et al. 2011
(phylogeny).
Xanthoporus Audet 2010, Steccherinaceae, Polyporales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species X. peckianus (Cooke) Audet, stipitate basidioma, poroid hymenophore, terrestrial, widespread (Europe, North America), see Audet 2010 (taxonomy),
sequence data available, see Audet 2010 (phylogeny).
Xenasma Donk 1957, Xenasmataceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 16 species, type
species X. rimicola (P. Karst.) Donk, two subgenera, Xenasma and Tubulixenasmopsis, four sections, wood-decaying, worldwide, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
sequence data available, see Binder et al. 2005
(phylogeny).
Xenasmatella Oberw. 1965, Xenasmataceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 14 species, type
species X. subflavidogrisea (Litsch.) Oberw. ex Jülich,
wood-decaying, Europe, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Rosenthal et al.
2017 (ecology, corticioid fungi in North American pinaceous forests), new combination see Duhem et al. 2010.
Xenodochus Schltdl. 1826, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, two species, type species X. carbonarius
Schltdl., biotrophic on Rosaceae (Sanguisorba), terrestrial,
circumboreal, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Xenolachne D.P. Rogers 1947, incertae sedis, Tremellales,
Tremellomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species,
type species X. flagellifera D.P. Rogers, on wood, North
123
290
America, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013
(genus accepted).
Xenosperma Oberw. 1965, Xenasmataceae, Russulales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species,
type species X. ludibundum (D.P. Rogers & Liberta)
Oberw., wood-decaying, Europe, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Xenostele Syd. & P. Syd. 1921, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, four species, type species X. echinacea
(Berk.) Syd. & P. Syd., Asia, sequence data unavailable,
see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Xeroceps Audet 2010, incertae sedis, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type
species X. skamania (Murrill) Audet, two species, worldwide, terrestrial, see Audet et al. 2010 (taxonomy),
sequence data available, see Audet 2010.
Xerocomellus Šutara 2008, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, 17 species, type
species X. chrysenteron (Bull.) Šutara, stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, edible spp. see Boa 2004
(edible fungi), Šutara 2008 (genus accepted), new spp. see
Crous et al. 2016a (Spain), Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016
(Pakistan), Simonini et al. 2016 (Italy), Wu et al. 2016f
(China).
Xerocomus Quél. 1887, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 120 species, type
species X. subtomentosus (L.) Quél., stipitate-pileate,
ectomycorrhizal, worldwide, edible spp. see Boa 2004
(edible fungi), new spp. South America see De Meijer
2008, Husbands et al. 2013; Asia see Yan et al. 2013, Das
et al. 2016, Wu et al. 2016f, Chakraborty et al. 2017a;
Australia see Halling et al. 2015, new combinations see
Horak 2011, many species in need of revision.
Xerocoprinus Maire 1907, Agaricaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species X. arenarius (Pat.) Maire, Africa, sequence
data unavailable, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted),
genus in need of revision.
Xeromphalina Kühner & Maire 1934, Mycenaceae,
Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
32 species, type species X. campanella (Batsch) Kühner &
Maire, worldwide, see Antonı́n and Noordeloos 2004
(Europe), Noordeloos 2012b (key), Kirk et al. 2013 (genus
accepted), sequence data available, see Dogan and Karadelev 2009 (Europe), Aldrovandi et al. 2015 (X. campanella/kauffmanii complex), new spp. see EsteveRaventós et al. 2010 (Mediterranean).
Xerotus Fr. 1828, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, four species, type
species X. afer Fr., wood-rotting, Africa, sequence data
available, see Vu et al. 2019 (sequence data).
Xerula Maire 1933, Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c. 17 species, type
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
species X. pudens (Pers.) Singer, worldwide, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Petersen 2008a, b (taxonomy, basidiospores, Australia,
New Zealand), Wang et al. 2008a (systematic study), Liu
et al. 2009 (Thailand), Petersen and Hughes 2010
(monograph).
Xylobolus P. Karst. 1881, Stereaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, nine species, type
species X. frustulatus (Pers.) P. Karst., worldwide, wooddecaying, see Kirk et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence
data available, see Larsson and Larsson 2003 (phylogeny).
Xylodon (Pers.) Gray 1821, Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, c.
60 species, type species X. quercinus (Pers.) Gray, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted), sequence data available, see
Riebesehl and Langer 2017 (Hyphodontia s. l., new combinations, keys, phylogeny).
Xylophallus (Schltdl.) E. Fisch. 1933, Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, two species, type species X. xylogenus (Mont.) E. Fisch.,
terrestrial, Neotropics, wood-decaying, sequence data
available, see Crous et al. 2018b (phylogeny, morphology).
Yamadamyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, Kriegeriaceae, Kriegeriales, Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, one species, type species Y. rosulatus (Golubev & Scorzetti) Q.M. Wang, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, psychrophilic, plant
material, Europe, cultures and sequence data available, see
Wang et al. 2015e (taxonomy and phylogeny).
Yelsemia J. Walker 2001, Melanotaeniaceae, Ustilaginales,
Ustilaginomycetes, four species, type species Y. arthropodii J. Walker, plant parasites (various plant parts) on
Anthericaceae, Byblidaceae, Campanulaceae, Droseraceae,
North America, Southeast Asia, Australasia, cultures
unavailable, sequence data unavailable, see Begerow et al.
2014 (taxonomy).
Ypsilospora Cummins 1941, Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales,
Pucciniomycetes, asexual morph Uraecium Arthur 1933,
Uredo Pers. 1801, three species, type species Y. baphiae
Cummins, biotrophic on Fabaceae, terrestrial, Africa
(Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone), Central and
South America (Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala), sequence data unavailable, see Kirk et al.
2013 (genus accepted).
Yuchengia B.K. Cui & K.T. Steffen 2013, Polyporaceae,
Polyporales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown,
one species, type species Y. narymica (Pilát) B.K. Cui, C.L.
Zhao & K.T. Steffen, poroid hymenophore, wood-rotting,
white rot, widespread (Asia, Europe, North America),
sequence data available, see Zhao et al. 2013b (taxonomy,
phylogeny).
Yunchangia L. Guo & B. Xu 2013, Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes, one species, type species Y.
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
puccinelliae L. Guo & B. Xu, plant parasite (leaves) on
Puccinellia spp. (Poaceae), China, cultures unavailable,
sequence data available, see Guo and Xu 2013 (taxonomy).
Yunzhangia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. &
Boekhout 2015, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Microbotryomycetes, sexual morph unknown, two species,
type species Y. auriculariae (Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y.
Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout, yeast, worldwide, cultures
and sequence data available, see Wang et al. 2015e,
Kachalkin et al. 2019 (taxonomy, phylogeny).
Yurkovia Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. & Baldrian
2016, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, Microbotryomycetes,
sexual morph unknown, one species, type species Y. mendeliana Mašı́nová, A. Pontes, J.P. Samp. & Baldrian, yeast,
temperate forest soil, Eruope, cultures and sequence data
available, see Mašı́nová et al. 2017 (taxonomy), Kachalkin
et al. 2019 (new spp.).
Zaghouania Pat. 1901 (= Cystospora E.J. Butler), Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes, two species, type
species Z. phillyreae Pat., biotrophic on Oleaceae, terrestrial, Tunisia, India, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Zangia Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2011, Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, six species, type species Z. roseola (W.F. Chiu) Y.C. Li & Zhu L.
Yang, stipitate-pileate, southern China, sequence data
available, see Li et al. 2011b (taxonomy).
Zhuliangomyces Redhead 2019, Amanitaceae, Agaricales,
Agaricomycetes, asexual morph unknown, five species,
type species Z. olivaceus (Zhu L. Yang, Y.Y. Cui & Q.
Cai) Redhead, worldwide, sequence data available, see Cui
et al. 2018 (taxonomy, phylogeny, Amanitaceae, China),
Redhead 2019 (taxonomy).
Zundeliomyces Vánky 1987, Microbotryaceae, Microbotryales, Microbotryomycetes, one species, type species
Z. polygoni Vánky, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Zygogloea P. Roberts 1994, incertae sedis, incertae sedis,
Pucciniomycotina, asexual morph unknown, one species,
type species Z. gemellipara P. Roberts, British Isles, Belgium, Netherlands, sequence data unavailable, see Kirk
et al. 2013 (genus accepted).
Discussion
Notes and outline of the Basidiomycota
It is a significant challenge to keep track of names, name
changes and synonyms across the whole Basidiomycota.
Our work provides an overview of valid, currently used
genera of Basidiomycota published so far in a single document. This work would greatly promote the establishment
291
of a robust Basidiomycota taxonomic system by latter
updates.
The outline includes 1928 genera with 1263 synonyms.
For the 1928 accepted genera, we provided a short note for
each genus including information on several sources such
as distribution, life mode, important species and sequence
data. Sequence data is one of the key aspects in our notes
which was supported by citing the most recently (published
after 2008) molecular studies or the important past
molecular studies (published before 2008). We found that
599 genera in Basidiomycota to lack sequence data in
public sequence repositories, which means nearly one third
of the genera in Basidiomycota are not included in the
molecular systematic study.
According to the latest version of Ainsworth & Bisby’s
Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), there were three
subphyla, 16 classes, 52 orders, 177 families, 1589 genera
and 31,515 species in Basidiomycota. In this study, the
outline updates these numbers to four subphyla, 18 classes,
68 orders, 241 families, 1928 genera and 41,270 species in
Basidiomycota. Agaricomycotina (30,788 species)
embrace most of the species in Basidiomycota and include
three classes, 29 orders, 150 families and 1514 genera.
Russula, Cortinarius and Entoloma are the top three genera
in species diversity in Agaricomycotina, and they were
estimated to have 3000, 2250 and 1800 species, respectively. Although the high species diversity of Agaricomycotina has largely been discovered in recent years,
systematic studies still need to be carried out for very many
groups. For example, in Agaricales, nearly one quarter
(129/508) of the genera remained with an uncertain
familial placement (‘incertae sedis’) whereas in Auriculariales, more than half (26/41) of the genera remain incertae sedis. In Russulales, a total of 17 new genera were
introduced after 2008, although six are incertae sedis.
Furthermore, 44 genera are incertae sedis in Agaricomycetes. Pucciniomycotina was estimated to comprise
8653 species including 10 classes, 22 orders, 49 families
and 270 genera. Pucciniomycetes with 8168 species is the
largest group in Pucciniomycotina. Compared with the
other three subphyla, Pucciniomycotina has a high diversity especially with respect to higher-level taxa which
embraces more than half the classes in Basidiomycota (10
out of 18). The top three genera in species diversity are
Puccinia, Uromyces and Aecidium with the estimated
species numbers of 3300, 1500 and 800 respectively.
Ustilaginomycotina is estimated to have 1805 species
which includes four classes, 15 orders, 42 families and 128
genera. Ustilaginomycetes with 1185 species is the largest
group in Ustilaginomycotina. Malasseziomycetes and
Moniliellomycetes, the only two new classes recognized in
the Basidiomycota since 2008, include an estimated 32
species. The top three genera in terms of species numbers
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292
are Sporisorium, Tilletia and Ustilago with 195, 179 and
170 species, respectively. Wallemiomycotina is a recently
recognized subphylum (Zhao et al. 2017c) with 12 species
estimated in a single class, two orders and two families.
The phylogeny and divergence times
within Agaricomycotina
The phylogenetic relationships between classes in this
study (Fig. 1) agree with Hibbett (2006) and Zhao et al.
(2017c). The subphylum Agaricomycotina originated at
406 Mya, three classes diverged between 298 to 341 Mya
and 25 orders originated between 108 to 259 Mya; these
data generally agree with those given by Zhao et al.
(2017c—406 Mya for Aagricomycotina, 358–393 Mya for
classes and 124–350 Mya for orders). Orders in Agaricomycetes diverged between 108–259 Mya which a relatively older time range when compared to Varga et al.
(2019) having divergence times of 71–181 Mya. Hysterangiales and Phallales has more recent divergence times
at 108 Mya in this study, while their divergence times were
estimated 133 Mya and 159 Mya respectively in Zhao et al.
(2017c).
There are 45 monophyletic families, dated with divergence times in a range of 27–178 Mya (Table 1). Noteworthly, in the Agaricales, two familes Hymenogastraceae
and Tubariaceae having divergence time of 27 Mya and 54
Mya which are much younger than the other families
(70–125 Mya).
The phylogeny and divergence times
within Pucciniomycotina
Phylogenetic relationships at class level within subphylum
Pucciniomycotina were in general agreement with the
seven-gene phylogeny in Wang et al. (2015e) except that
two more classes (Atractiellomycetes and Classiculomycetes) were included in this study, and there were
different phylogenetic positions for Spiculogloeomycetes,
Cystobasidiomycetes and Mixiomycetes between this study
and Wang et al. (2015e). Tritirachiomycetes was located in
a basal position without statistic support in Pucciniomycotina in Zhao et al. (2017c), while in this study, it was
found sister to Agaricostilbomycetes with 0.9 PP support.
The subphylum Pucciniomycotina originated 406 Mya,
and the classes originated between 211–383 Mya which
generally agrees with Zhao et al. (2017c—406 for Pucciniomycotina and 245–356 Mya for classes). Orders
originated between 128 to 244 Mya which also agrees with
Zhao et al. (2017c—120–290 Mya). However, the divergence time of Pucciniales (275 Mya) is older than estimated by Zhao et al. (2017c—162 Mya), but it is closer to
Aime et al. (2018a—215 Mya). In this study, we dated 16
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Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
families from four orders that originated between 42 to 222
Mya (Table 1). The youngest families are Ustilentylomataceae and Microbotryaceae, which originated 42 Mya,
while the other families in Pucciniomycotina originated
between 71 to 222 Mya. The justification for the separation
of Ustilentylomataceae and Microbotryaceae needs further
study. Thus, the families in Pucciniomycotina originated
85–222 Mya, and most of the families originated 91–196
Mya.
Some genera in Pucciniomycotina were retained as incertae sedis, and the divergence times may provide a clue
to resolve those taxonomic problems. For example,
Jianyunia was sister to Chionosphaeraceae in Agaricostilbales and with the divergence time of 162 Mya, which was
similar to the divergence time of most families in this
subphylum. Thus, our study suggests that Jianyunia is
likely to represent a monotypic family, which is similar to
the conclusions of Wang et al. (2015e). Similar situations
are Hasegawazyma, which might be placed in Erythrobasidiaceae (in Erythrobasidiales) with divergence time of
102 Mya; the genera Cyphobasidium and Cyrenella (in
Erythrobasidiales) should be classified in a new family
which has the divergence time of 102 Mya; Sampaiozyma
and Curvibasidium (in the Microbotryales) should be
included in Leucosporidiaceae with the divergence time of
91 Mya; Gymnosporangium (from the Pucciniales), which
the telial stage only occurrs on gymnosperms, is in a distinct phylogenetic position with a divergence time of 129
Mya, which might indicate that it should be raised to
family level. However, the genera Melampsora, Hyalopsora and Pucciniastrum, which were included in the families Melampsoraceae and Pucciniastraceae, in this study,
the results indicated they might belong to Coleosporiaceae
with a divergence time of 133 Mya.
The phylogeny and divergence times
within Ustilaginomycotina
and Wallemiomycotina
The phylogenetic topology at the class level of Ustilaginomycotina and Wallemiomycotina in this study was
almost the same as previous studies (Wang et al. 2015c;
Zhao et al. 2017c), especially the relationship within the
orders of Ustilaginomycetes which agreed with the fourgene phylogeny of Begerow et al. (2006), the seven-gene
phylogeny of Wang et al. (2015c) and the five-gene phylogeny of Riess et al. (2016). The exception is Ceraceosorales, which was at the base of Ustilaginomycetes in
this study, but it was in Exobasidiomycetes in the other
studies (Wang et al. 2015c; Riess et al. 2016). As in the
previous studies (Begerow et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2015c;
Zhao et al. 2017c), the class Exobasidiomycetes was
polypheletic in this study, but orders Microstromatales,
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
Tilletiales, Golubeviales, Robbauerales, Georgefischeriales, Doassansiales and Exobasidiales were resolved as
monophyletic with high statistical support within Exobasidiomycetes. For Malasseziomycetes and Moniliellomycetes, only one taxon from each class was used in this
study. In this study, they were in a weakly-supported sister
group relationship. However, their sister group relationship
was well-supported in the previous studies (Wang et al.
2014a; Zhao et al. 2017c), or they were not in a sister group
relationship (Wang et al. 2015c; Riess et al. 2016). Better
taxon sampling and more sequence data are needed in the
future studies to verify the phylogenetic position of these
two classes in Ustilaginomycotina and to infer their
divergence times. At the ordinal level, all the orders were
monophyletic with high supports. The family Entylomataceae was not supported in this study, unlike in Wang et al.
2015c.
The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina originated 430
Mya. Ustilaginomycetes orginated at 248 Mya in this
study, which generally agrees with data from Zhao et al.
(2017c—Ustilaginomycetes originated at 265 Mya) and
Kijpornyongpan et al. (2018—Ustilaginomycetes originated at 239 Mya). Orders in Ustilaginomycotina originated between 172–319 Mya with the exception of
Doassansiales and Georgefischeriales, which were not
dated due to their uncertain phylogenetic position. Doassansiales is sister to Georgefischeriales with a divergence
time of 187 Mya in Zhao et al. (2017c), in contrast their
sister group relationship was not supported in other studies
(Begerow et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2015c; Riess et al. 2016).
Exobasidiales was the oldest order of Exobasidiomycetes
in this study and Zhao et al. (2017c). With three more
families (Brachybasidiaceae, Graphiolaceae and Cryptobasidiaceae) included in this study, Exobasidiales has an
older divergence time (319 Mya) than given by Zhao et al.
(2017c—265 Mya).
Except for the families in monotypic orders (such as
Golubeviaceae and Robbaueraceae), 18 families are well
dated in this study, and these families originated between
61–211 Mya. The youngest families are Urocystidaceae
and Floromycetaceae which originated at 61 Mya; and
Cryptobasidiaceae is the oldest family in Ustilaginomycotina with a divergence time of 211 Mya. Thus, the presently range of divergence times at order and family levels
are still large: 172–319 Mya and 79–177 Mya,
respectively.
Divergence time and taxa ranking
in Basidiomycota
Recognition of taxonomic groups has, to date, mainly been
based on phenotype and phylogenetic reconstruction with
different ranks being applied in a subjective manner (e.g.
293
Ariyawansa et al. 2014; Phookamsak et al. 2014).
Recently, the divergence time was used as an additional
criterion and successfully applied in fungal systematics
from genus to kingdom level (Zhao et al. 2016f, 2017c; Liu
et al. 2017c; Hongsanan et al. 2017; Tedersoo et al. 2018).
Thus, the divergence time estimates of certain groups
would be useful in the reconstruction of a modern taxonomic systems, especially in complex groups. For Basidiomycota, the divergence time range of most higher taxa
(order and above) have been assessed, and these were
406–490 Mya for subphyla, 245–393 Mya for classes and
120–290 Mya for orders (Zhao et al. 2017c). In this study
we used a larger dataset, and the results showed that the
divergence time range of subphyla were 406–430 Mya,
classes were 211–383 Mya and orders were 99–323 Mya,
which generally agreed to the previous study (Zhao et al.
2017c).
Furthermore, in this study we investigated the divergence time of families within Basidiomycota. The results
indicated that families of Agaricomycotina diverged during
27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina diverged during 85–222
Mya and those from Ustilaginomycotina 79–177 Mya.
Compared with the divergence time of most families, the
Cryptobasidiaceae should be raised to that of order due to
its older divergence time compared to most current families. While the families Urocystidaceae, Floromycetaceae,
Ustilentylomataceae, Microbotryaceae and Leucosporidiaceae could be combined with other families as they have a
quite younger divergence time.
As we had indicated before, this study will provide new
clues to resolve the taxonomic problems in the present
taxonomic system of Basidiomycota, but the final decision
on any groups or problems requires more in-depth studies,
which need to add more related samples to get a better
phylogenetic topology, including phenotypic examination
and other related studies. The divergence times would
furthermore provide important information towards a better
understanding of the phylogeny and the evolution events of
the Basidiomycota.
Acknowledgements Rui-Lin Zhao thanks National Key R&D Program of China (Project No. 2018YFD0400200), the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Project IDs: 31470152, 31360014 and
31970010) and Beijing Innovative Consortium of Agriculture
Research System (Project ID:BAIC05-2019). K.D. Hyde thanks the
Thailand Research funds for grant RDG6130001 entitled ‘‘Impact of
climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater
Mekong Subregion’’ and Thailand Science Research and Innovation
fund for the grant DBG6280009 entitled Macrofungi diversity
research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding
areas. Armin Mešić and Zdenko Tkalčec are grateful to Croatian
Science Foundation for support under the project ForFungiDNA (IP2018-01-1736). Vladimı́r Antonı́n thanks the support provided by the
Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic
as part of its long-term conceptual development programme for
research institutions [Grant Number DKRVO, Ref. MK000094862].
123
294
Tie-Zheng Wei is grateful to National Natural Science Foundation of
China (31270072), the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of
Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZSBR-001) and
National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China
(2013FY110400). Arun Kumar Dutta acknowledge support from the
Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, in the
form of a DST-Inspire Faculty Fellowship (DST/INSPIRE/04/2018/
001906, dated 24 July, 2018). I.V. Zmitrovich thanks State task of the
V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A19-119080990059-1 and RFBR, project 19-0400024). Guo-Jie Li thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Nos. 30770013, 31500013) and the National Project on Scientific Ground work for Basic Science of the Ministry of Science and
Technology (Nos. 2012FY111600 2014FY210400). Alexandre G.
S. Silva-Filho thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de
Pessoal de Nı́vel Superior (CAPES-Brazil) for the PhD scholarships.
Felipe Wartchow thaks CNPq for providing ‘Produtividade em Pesquisa’ (Proc. 307922/2014-6 and Proc. 307947/2017-3) grant. Ricardo
Valenzuela thanks CONACYT (Project 252934) COFAA and IPN
(Project SIP-20195222) the financial support provided for his
researches. Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho thanks to the Coordenação de
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nı́vel Superior (CAPES-Brazil) for
the PhD scholarships. Danny Haelewaters acknowledges the following sources of funding for his All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory work
at the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (Massachusetts, USA): National Park Service, Boston Harbor Now and
New England Botanical Club (2017 Les Mehrhoff Botanical Research
Award). Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad thanks the support from the
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology Grant No.
1012196004. The research of Bálint Dima was partly supported by the
ELTE Institutional Excellence Program (1783-3/2018/FEKUTSRAT)
of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities. P. Brandon
Matheny, Thomas W. Kuyper and Dennis E. Dejarden are thanked for
their advice in the early version of this work. James Lendemer and
Paul Diederich are warmly thanked for their contribution related to
the nomenclatural status of the generic names Bulbilla and
Adamflakia.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creative
commons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a
link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were
made.
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Affiliations
Mao-Qiang He1,2,3 • Rui-Lin Zhao1,4 • Kevin D. Hyde3 • Dominik Begerow5 • Martin Kemler5 •
Andrey Yurkov6 • Eric H. C. McKenzie7 • Olivier Raspé8,9 • Makoto Kakishima10 • Santiago Sánchez-Ramı́rez11
Else C. Vellinga12 • Roy Halling13 • Viktor Papp14 • Ivan V. Zmitrovich15 • Bart Buyck16 •
Damien Ertz8,9 • Nalin N. Wijayawardene3 • Bao-Kai Cui17 • Nathan Schoutteten18 • Xin-Zhan Liu1 •
Tai-Hui Li19 • Yi-Jian Yao1 • Xin-Yu Zhu1,3 • An-Qi Liu1 • Guo-Jie Li1 • Ming-Zhe Zhang1 •
Zhi-Lin Ling1 • Bin Cao1 • Vladimı́r Antonı́n20 • Teun Boekhout21,22 • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva23 •
Eske De Crop18 • Cony Decock24 • Bálint Dima25 • Arun Kumar Dutta26 • Jack W. Fell27 •
József Geml28 • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad29 • Admir J. Giachini30 • Tatiana B. Gibertoni31 •
Sergio P. Gorjón32 • Danny Haelewaters33,34 • Shuang-Hui He17 • Brendan P. Hodkinson35 •
Egon Horak36 • Tamotsu Hoshino37 • Alfredo Justo38 • Young Woon Lim39 • Nelson Menolli Jr.40,41 •
Armin Mešić42 • Jean-Marc Moncalvo43,44 • Gregory M. Mueller45 • László G. Nagy46 • R. Henrik Nilsson47 •
Machiel Noordeloos48 • Jorinde Nuytinck48 • Takamichi Orihara49 • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan2 •
Mario Rajchenberg50,51 • Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho52 • Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher53 •
Zdenko Tkalčec42 • Ricardo Valenzuela54 • Annemieke Verbeken18 • Alfredo Vizzini55 •
Felipe Wartchow56 • Tie-Zheng Wei1 • Michael Weiß57,58 • Chang-Lin Zhao59 • Paul M. Kirk60
1
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of
Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
•
16
Institut pour Systematique Ecologie Biodiversite (ISYEB
UMR 7205), Sorbonne université, Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle CP 39, CNRS, Département Origines et
Evolution), 12 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
17
Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
3
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang
University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
18
Department of Biology, Research Group Mycology, Ghent
University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
4
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 100408, People’s
Republic of China
19
5
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, AG Geobotanik, ND03,
Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern
China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial
Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of
Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People’s Republic of
China
6
20
Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of
Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B,
38124 Brunswick, Germany
Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6,
659 37 Brno, Czech Republic
21
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research,
Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
22
Research Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan
38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED),
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
23
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina,
Salvador, Bahia 40170115, Brazil
24
Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (BCCM/
MUCL), Croix du Sud 2 bte L5.06.07,
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
25
Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C,
1117 Budapest, Hungary
7
8
9
Service Général de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la
Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles,
Lavallée 1, 1080 Brussels, Belgium
10
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
11
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
12
Berkeley, USA
26
13
Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical
Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, North24-Parganas, Barasat, West Bengal 700126, India
27
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science,
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Key Biscayne, FL 33149, USA
28
MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research
Group, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka u. 6,
3300 Eger, Hungary
14
Department of Botany, Szent István University,
1518 Budapest, Hungary
15
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Professor Popov st. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197376
123
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367
29
367
45
Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe,
IL 60022, USA
46
Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research
Center, HAS, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
47
31
Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N - Cidade
Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-600, Brazil
Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
48
32
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of
Salamanca, C/ Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n,
37007 Salamanca, Spain
Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 9517,
2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
49
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499
Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan
50
Protección Forestal, Centro Forestal CIEFAP, C.C. 14,
9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
51
National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET),
Buenos Aires, Argentina
52
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
53
Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais,
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,
CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
54
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias
Biológicas, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, Santo Tomás, Del.
Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340 Mexico, Mexico
55
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi,
Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino,
Italy
56
Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade
Federal da Paraı́ba, CEP 58051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
57
Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av.
Miguel Stefano, 3687, Água Funda, Sāo Paulo,
São Paulo 04301-012, Brazil
Organismal Mycology and Microbiology, Steinbeis
Innovation Center, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen,
Germany
58
Rud̄er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der
Morgenstelle 26, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
59
43
Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum,
Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry
University, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China
60
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
44
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
30
33
34
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization
for Science and Technology (IROST),
P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran 3353136846, Iran
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia,
Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue
University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
35
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
BRB 1046A, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
36
Schlossfeld 17, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
37
Hachinohe Institute of Technology, 88-1 Obiraki, Myo,
Hachinote, Aomori 031-8501, Japan
38
Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St.,
Worcester, MA 01610, USA
39
School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
40
41
42
Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM),
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São
Paulo (IFSP), Subárea de Biologia, Campus São Paulo, Rua
Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé, Sāo Paulo,
São Paulo 01109-010, Brazil
123
Eric McKenzie