4 S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997.63(1): 4-21 A biosystematic study of Pelargonium section Ligularia: 3. Reappraisal of section Jenkinsonia J.J.A. van der Walt,* ' F. Albers ,' M. Gibby, ' D.E.Marschewski,' D. Hellbrugge,' R. A. Price' and A.M. van der Merwe' l Department of Botany. University of Stellenbosch, Matieland , 7602 Republic of South Africa e-mail: botanie@maties.5un.ac.za 2!nstitut fur Bolanik, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat , Schlossgarten 3, 0-48149 Munster, Germany 3Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwe ll Road, London SW7 580, U.K. 4Department of Botany, The University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A. Rcaivcd 4 Jlllle 1996: revi.fcd 25 September 1996 The presumed relationship between P antidysenlericum (Eckl. & Zeyh .) Koste!. , P divisifolium Varsler, P. doJomiticum Knuth , P griseum Knuth , P. plurisectum Salter, P praemorsum (Andr.) Dietr., P. redactum Vorster, P seneciodes t..:Herit., P. tenuicaufe Knuth, P tragacanthoides Burch. and P trifidum Jacq., based on karyologica l characters, is confirmed by palynological and rbeL gene sequence studies as well as phenolic compounds. These 11 species are placed in the section Jenkinsonia (Sweet) DC. ampl. J.J.A. van der Walt. The big variation in floral structure in the section is ascribed to convergent evolution and different pollination strategies. Taxonomic treatments of the section and species are presented. Ke ywords: Biosystematics, Geran iaceae, Pelargomum, section Jenkjnsonia. 'To whom co rrespondence should be addressed. Introduction The taxonomic history of the section ienkillsollia DC. was reviewed by Scheltema and van der Walt (1990). They recogni zed Pelllrgollillm anridysenlericlIm (Eek!. & Zeyh.) Kostel. , P praemvrsum (Andr.) Dietr. and P. tetrngol1um (L.f.) L'Herit. as species constitu ting the sectio n in South Africa. Albers et at. (t 992) suggested on karyological grounds that P (lIItidysenteriClIIIl and P. praemorslI/11 are related to P. divisifolilll1l Vorster, P d%miticum Knuth , P. grisewn Knuth, P plllriseclum Salter, P tel1lfiuwfe Knuth. P. tragncal1thoides Burch. and P trifidum Jacq. The recently desc ribed P. redactum VorS!er (1996). and P. dolom iticul11 have many macromorphological characters in common. P. redactwlI al so resembles P. senecioides L' Herit. (1 789) vegetatively, bm h arc annuals and their leaves arc very si milar. Albers et aJ. (1995 ) transferred P. tetrag01wm to thl.! section 010riS /110 DC. The aim of thi s multidisciplinary study was to establish whether P. alllidyselllericlI/Il, P. divisifoLium, P. dolomiticum, P griselllll. P. p!lIriSeCllIJn. P. praemorsllln, P redac:tunt. P. seneciaides, P. tellllic{lule, P. tragacllnthoides and P rrifidum arc related and whether they should be classified in a single section . Material and Methods The same methods as described by van der Walt el al. (\ 995) were applied for the macromorphology. palynological. kuryological and chl.!mical studies. Results and Discussion Macromorphology All II species have rl.!cently been described and illus trated: P. trifidllll1 fas P. fragil e (A ndr.) Willd.] by van der Walt (1977), P. dolomiliclfm, P. griseul1I and P. plllriseclIlm by van der Walt and Vorster (1981 a), p. divisijofilll1t, P. scnecioides, P. tf!lllficauie and J~ tragacantlzoides by vall dl.!r Walt and Vorster (1988), P. antidyselltericill/! and P prael1l0rSIlIIl by Scheltema and van der Walt (1990) and P. redllC[IlI1T by Vorstcr (1996). Th e reader is referred to these references for detailed descriptions and illustrations of the spec ies. Nine of the spl.!cies are sparsely to much-branched perennial shrubs or subshrubs with rather woody stems. P redactum and P senecioides are annual herbs with herbaceous stems and strongly or normally developed lap roots. P. allIidysemericul1I is a much-branched shrub growing from a relari vely large, partly subterranean tuber (Figure 7). On the basis of leaf morpho logy the species can be divided into two groups: P. divis/folium (Figure 16) , P. dolomiticum. P griseum. P. redactwn. P senecioides, P. tmg(lc(llltlioides (Figu re 9) and P. p/Ilrisectllln all have pinnately divided or pinnately compound leaves. The leaves of P. {/lllidysemericum (Figure 7), P. praemorswn (Figure 3), P. felluicau!e and P. trifidum are palmately divided and those o f P trifidllm may even be trifoli o late. Pyriform-heaued g landula r hairs occur on the leaves of both groups with the exception of P d%miticl/m and P. pluri.'iectlll1l, which have sp herical-headed glandular hairs. No hairs have been observed on the leaves of P. divisijofiwn and P praemorswn. The flow ers an! borne in reduced pscudo ~ umbels of 1-6 flowers each. The floral structure of P doiomiticl.lm, P. grisew1l. P. redaclllln and P. tragncaJJthoides (Figure 9) is very similar. Their flowers are extremely zygomorphic. the number of petals is reduced to four and the cla ws of the posterior petals arc inrolJed to form fa lse tubes. T he number of petals of P pmemorsum (Figure 3) may sometimes also be reduced to fou r. whereas the flowers of all rhe other species have five much less zygomorphic (Figure 7) or more or less equally sized petals. The number of fertile stamens is normally seven (Figures 3, 7, 9), but P. divisifolilll1l (Figure 16) has live, and P. redactwn 2-.1 . Palynology The pollen grai ns o f mos( species can he desc ri bed as almost spherical, but those o f P redactllJlI and P. selleciodcs are oblate The pollen grains are tricolporate. zonotreme monads. (Figure 1). The polar diameter usually slightly exceeds the equatorial diameter (Table I). The polar diameter of the pollen grains varies from co. 45 ).tm in P. selJ ecioides to ca. 105 ).lm in P. praemorSllm subsp. specio.'lUm . The exine is usually Ca. 5 ).t m thi ck but may reach 7 ).lm in P praemOrSfIIlI subsp. praelllo rSf(m and P. grisewli (Table I). The tectum is ret iculate-striate (Figu re lA-C) in all S. Mr. J. Bot. 1997.63(1) Figure 1 Pollen grains of A, P. p/urisecrul1l (pular vi ew); B. P praemorsum subsp. praemorsum (polar view): C. P. sefleciodes; ((cctum ); D. P. redac:tlfl1l (equatorial view). ~ r et i cula t c. Figure ID). species except in P. redaclutn (str iatc [ntralUlmnaJ baculac arc lacking. The poUe n grains of the species are structurally very similar. The differences in sizes are specific (Q the species. It is st riking that the smallest pollen grains belong to those species which are self fertile (P. senecioides and P. redactum) , Karyology The chromosome numbers of most species have already been published (Yu & Horn 1988; Gibby et al. 1990, Albers et al. 1992). Additional counti ngs confirmed these chromosome numbers (Tab le 2). The chromoso me numbers of P. sellecioides and P redactwn are published here for the first time. The basic chromosome number of all the species is x = 9. and all are diploid. except P divisifoliwn, P. p/urisecrunl and P. tellllic(lllie which arc tctrapl oi ds. In P. ontidyselltericutn and P. praemorswn intraspecific polyploidy occ urs (211 = 18 and 36). but this is not correlated 10 the circumscribed subspecies (Scheltema & van der Walt 1990). No correlation between geographic distributi on or cdaphi c conditions and the different polyploid levels can be inferred. Th e karyotype size of the 11 species is very similar. and the chromosome sizes vary between 1.7 and 2.5 ~lm. P. redactum is the exception with relatively small chromosomes (0.7-1.8 j.Hn). In the past. P. redactum has often erroneously been identified as P. senecioides (Merxmtiller & Schreiber 1966). The chromosome sizes of these (WO species, however. c learly d iO'cr. The s maller size of the chromosomes of P. redactwlI could be explained in terms of the rapid evolutionary chan ges of annual s. Phenolic compounds All the species have a basic flavon oid pattern (Table 3). The flavonol querci tin is present in all species, the pattern o f kaempherol is slightly different (lacking in two subspec ies of P. amid),sentericum and P. tel1uicaule, questi (;mable in P. grisewn and P. trifidum ). Two-thirds of the species contain the [lavone luteo lin. The two hydrobenzoic acids are present in all the species. Hydrolysable tanni ns are lacking on ly in P. piurisecfllm and arc questionab le in P. redactltm and P. tragac{lllfhoides . The latter is interesting as it contains two additional compounds unknown in the other species (isorhamnetin, delphinidin). C-glycosyl-tlavones seem to be absent in P. di visijoliw1J. P. praemo rsum and P. allfidysentericltm subsp. zonate. Co mpou nds like my ricit in and pro-anthocyanidins, which are consi dered primitive, do not occur in any species. S. Afr. l. Bot. 1997 . 63(1) 6 Table 1 Pollen grain dimensions of section Jenkinsonia (in Ilm) Polar diameter Project number M in Max STEU 2972 71 83 subsp. i,lerme STEU 3298 73 subsp. l.onale STEU 2870 P divLdjoliutn Equatorial diameter Exi ne Min Max X thickness 76 64 75 73 5 90 89 75 90 82 5 68 75 73 53 75 68 5 STEU 3379 62 81 65 60 79 64 5 P. d%miricum STEU 4305 66 82 74 64 77 71 5 P. griseum STEU 2838 66 84 74 64 84 79 7 P. pluriuc.;tum STEU 2968 59 82 74 62 82 74 . 5 P. praenwrsum STEU 625 77 112 97 74 115 97 5 STEU 2976 87 107 102 74 107 99 5 STEU 2348 82 97 92 77 97 89 5 STEU 2975 79 112 105 79 115 105 5 P. redaC:lUm MSUN A12738 46 50 48 68 71 70 ? P. senedoides MSUNA12095 30 48 45 48 60 59 ? P. tenuic:aule STEU 3061 71 89 79 71 84 79 5 P. rragacollthoide.t STEU 1728 69 84 77 66 82 77 5 STEU 1849 56 87 84 61 84 82 5 STEU 3047 54 66 59 56 59 58 5 STEU 4020 51 66 61 59 69 64 5 Species P. antidyuntericum X subsp. anlidysenteric:ur.J subsp. praemOfJUm subsp. specio,fum P. trifidum Rbd. gene sequences Up to now only four species of the newly circumscribed sectio n lenkinsonia have been sequenced for the chloroplast rbeL gene (Price et ai., unpubl.). P. praemorsum appears to form a robust monophyletic group wilh P. trifidum and P. griseum. This grouping of species is supported as monophyletic by two shared derived base substi tutions, wh ile the latter two species are placed in a monophyletic subgroup nested within the section and su pported by an additional two shared derived base substitutions. Both of these sets of relationships are supported by bootstrap values of over 80%. P. antidysentericum appears to be relatively closely related to these three species on the basis of the rbeL sequence comparisons, differing from P. praemorsum by only five base substitutions, but lacks the shared derived base substitutions that groups these other species together. Therefore, in phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data, P. antidysentericum is pl aced in an unresol ved polychotorn y with these taxa. pollen grains of all the species are similar. The differences in the patterns between P. redactum and the other species should , however, not be overestimated. The karyological evidence illustrates a close relationship between the species. Their relationship is furth er supported by a very similar flavonoid pattern in all the species and rbeL gene sequences in those species investigated. Studies of the phenoli c co mpound pattern in other sections of Pelargonium proved to be valuable in the delimitation of sections (Dreyer ef al. 1992). It is concluded that the 11 species are closely related and should be included in the same section, namely Jellkinsonia. The section Jellki1lsonia appears to be closely related to the sections Chorisma and Myrrhidium. The relationship between the last two section s is demonstraled and discussed by Albers er al. ( 1995 ). Based on the analysis of the rbeL sequence data of P. candicans (section Myrrhidium) this species is very close to P. antidysentericum although the two species do not share the same basic chromosome number. Conclusion The macromorphologica l variation in this proposed section is rather hi gh. The different life forms are probably the resull of adaptations to environmental conditions. P. ontidysentericum can reach a height up to 1.5 m, but an annual like P. seneeioides is sometimes less than ]00 mm high. Some species have similar leaves and others share the same floral structure, but it is very difficult to demarcate the 11 species on macromorphological ground s. Micromorphological and chemical characters, however, support the circumscription of the group into a si ngle section. The Taxonomy Taxonomic treatment of section Pelargonium section ]enkinso1lia (Sweet) DC., Prodromus sys lemalic naturalis regni vegetabilis I: 658 (1824) ampL l.lA. van der Walt; Rarv.: 291 (1860); Knuth: 390 (1912); Scheltema & van der Walt: 285 ( 1990). Type species: Jenkinsollia quinata Sweet (= Pelargollium praemorsum (Andr.) Dietr.). Genus l enkinsonia Sweet: 99 (1820); EckL & Zeyh.: 70 (1835). S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997, 63(1) Table 2 7 Chromosome numbers in Pelargonium section Jenkinsonia Chromosome number 211 Specimen studied Collec tion number Locality 36 AlberJ & Meve 66 MSUN 051086/66 Nam ibia. Wi tzputz 36 Albers & Meve 68 MSUN 051086/68 Namibia. Witzputz 18 Drijj1rma 2762 STEU 2972 RSA . N. Cape. San nagos subsp. illerme 36 Scheltema J STEU 3298 RSA, W. Capc. Botlerkloof Puss subsp. lOllale 18 Van laar.weld 4057 STEU 2350 RSA, N. Cupe, Steinkopf 18 Drjjf1umt STEU 2870 RSA,N. Cape. Steinkopf 36 Van der Walt 798 STEU 1589 RSA. Riviersonderend, Tygerhoek 36 DrijjllfJUl2692 STEU 2978 RSA . W. Cape. Riviersondercnd Mts. 36 V!lrster 2939 STEU 3379 RSA , W. Cape, Grey ton 18 Van der Walt J579 STEU 3948 RSA, Gaulcng. Centurion 18 Van der Waft 1340 STEU 3082 RSA. Mpumalanga. Pilgrims Rest 18 Fi.fcher 370 STEU 2932 RSA , E. Cape, Oudebcrg 18 Fisher 376 STEU 2838 RSA, E. Cape, Andriesberg 36 Drijj1lOul J.n. STEU 2906 RSA. W. Cape, Stellenbosch 36 Gibby MG20 36 Fi.tc:her27 STEU 1571 RSA. N. Cape, Calvmia 36 Fi.w:her 31 STEU 1575 RSA , N. Cape. Nieuwouldtvi ll e 36 Van der Walt s.n. STEU 8 10 RSA , N. Cape, Pakhuis Pass 18 Van der Walt 773 STEU 1503 RSA W. Cope, LandpJous 36 DrijJTlOul 1396 STEU 625 RSA.N. Cape, Steinkopf 36 Dnjfhoul2765 STEU 2977 RSA.N . Cape, Sannagas 36 Van Jaarsvelrl 4138 STEU 2352 RSA, N. Cape, Helskloof 18 Marsc:h ewski 105 MSUN Ma 105 RSA, Mpuma\anga P. redactum 18 Albers 2738 MSUN 2738 Namibia, Aus P. .fenec:ioideJ 18 Albers 2095 MSUN 2095 RSA, W. Cape. LeipoldtvilJe P. telluic(lule 36 LavranoJ 19942 STEU 306 1 Namibia, Namuskluft 36 Albers, Kusch & Meve MSUN RSA , N. Cape. Helskloof 18 Vim der Walt 891 STEU 1728 RSA, E. Cape , Cradoc k 18 Fisc:her 51 STEU 1843 RSA. E. Cape. Cradock 18 Fi.H:her57 STEU 1849 RSA, E. Cape, Middelburg 18 Van de, Walt 531 STEU 742 RSA, W. Cape. Worcester 18 Van de, Walt 1054 STEU 2435 RSA, W. Cape. Worcester 18 Denyssell S.II. STEU 2107 RSA, W. Cape. Safraanpoon 18 Defly.fJen J.Il. STEU 2 111 RSA, W. Cape, George 18 Van de, Walt 812 STEU 161 1 RSA, W. Cape. Matjiesfonlein 18 Van de r Walt J 143 STEU 2730 RSA. W. Cape. Meiringspoort Species P. Gntidyuflrericllm subsp. GlIlidyullteric:um P. (/ivisijolillln p. d%miliclll1! P. griseum P. plu risectwn P. praenwr.mm subsp. praenwr.wflZ subsp . .fpec:io.rum P. tragaaUllhoideJ P. triJidflln Diagnostic features Perenni al su bshrubs or annual herbs, sometimes aromatic and someti mes with tubers. Stems rather woody or herbaceous, sometimes relatively lhin and trailing. Leaves palmately or pin- RSA. W. Cape. Stell en bosch nately divided or trifoliolate, often covered with non-glandul ar hairs with glandular hairs interspersed, glandular hairs spherical or pyriform-headed; petiole longer or shorter than lami na. Pseudo-umbels 1-6-flowered. Pedicels shorter or longer than s. 8 Afr. 1. Bot. 1997.63( 1) Phenol ic and further chemical compounds of Pelargonium section Jenkinsonia Table 3 Compounds Collec tion no , SpecIes M p, ? J J 2 ? ] ] 2 J J 2 J J 2 J 3 2 2 3 J 2 2 2 2 K L 2 P lII11iliy.rCIlU>rtUII/1 suhsp. (mlidysenrericlIIl1 STEU 3337 3 subsp. illf'rllll' STEU 3298 2 suhsp. STEU 2350 3 P. di\'is(folilllil STEU 1589 J 2 P. dllllIJ/liriclll/I STEU 3948 J 2 MSUN Mar 105 3 2 :'IJlI/I/t' Ga Q P. griuulIl STEU 2838 3 P pfllrisf'Cfllm STEU 2906 3 2 P. pml'lJ/(lrJIIIII subsp. prlU'mOrJUm STEU 1575 3 2 subsp. STEU 2348 3 2 STEU 2352 2 3 MSUN Al 2738 J 2 P. ," ('lin ioiticJ MSUN Mar 101 3 P. tenlljawle STEU 306 1 3 P frtlgOctlllti1oiries STEU 1849 3 2 2 P. Irif/dwJl STEU 2730 3 ? 2 P. r('doell/Ill Qm , , JpC(: w!iJ/II / A Km Ch De Cy Pe HT CG 2 J ] 2 J ] ] ] 3 3 2 2 ] 2 ? ] ] 2 2 3 ] 2 2 2 2 ? 2 3 3 2 2 ? 2 ., 2 2 2 M = myreCLtln. Q =: que rcitin, K = kaemprcrol. L = lu teali n, A = apigenin . I = isorham neli n. Qm = quercilin-3· melhyielher. Km = kacmpferol 4-mcthylether, Ch = chrysocrioi, Dc = delphinidin. Cy = cyanidin. Pc = pclargonidin. Gn =: gallic acid, Pr = protoc;J.lcchu icacid (the two latter arc hydroxyben7.0k aci ds ), HT = hydrolysable tannins. CG = C-glycosyl·navone 1= Low confent, 2 = medium content, 3 = main compo und, ? = questionable hyp;l1lt hia. Pew.ls 4 or 5, posterior two the same size or larger than the an terio r ones, daws of posterior petals sometimes inrolled to form false tubes. Fertile stamens 2, 3, 5 or 7. Geographical distribution (Figure 2) The section JCllkillsollia has a very wide d istribution in Sout hern Africa. It is represented in Namibia, Botswana and the whole of South Afril:a with tht! cXl:eption of the eastern part. The wide distribution in the summer-rainfall areas can large ly be ascribed to the distribution of P dolollliticllm and to a Jesser ex tent to that of P. tmgacalllllOides. The centre of distribution of the section is in the Nort hern Cape a lo ng the west coast where up to six species Ol:cur in one degree square. Key to the species la . Leaves palmately di vided or trifoliolate ......... . • . .. •. ... 2 2a. Posterior petals more than 2 x size of anterior peta ls, petals usu ally 4. proximal part of petiole usually persistent. •.• .•. .... . .. .. ..•... ..••.. .. P. praemorsllm 2h. Posll!rior pl!tals less than 2 x size of antl!rior petals, petals usually 5 , proxima l part of petiole not persistent, • ...... 3 3a. Leaves borne in clusters o f 2-4. oh.ler stems woody. partly subterranean tuber present .. P. antidysentericllm 3h. Leaves horne singly, older stems herbaceous. partly subtl!rrancan tuber Jacking .......••..........••.... 4 4<1. Leaves 5·palmatilobatc to 5-palmatifid. pseudo-umhe ls 2-11owered, posterior and anterior petals of more or less the same size ............... P. tellllicaule 4b. Leaves 3-palmati lobatc to 3·foliolate. pseudo·umbels 2-6-nowered. posterior petals much larger than anterior ones ... ............. , ..... P. trijufum 1h. Leaves pinnately divided ...•...•.........•.•••.... , ... 5 Sa. Petals 4, claws o f posterior petal s inro lJ ed to form false tubes ..... ....... .. ...... . ..... ... ......... ...... 6 6a. Annual herbs, fert ile stamens 2 or 3....... P. redacilim 6b. Perennial subshrubs, fertile stamens 4 or 5 .........• 7 7a. Petioles shortl!r than laminae .••• P. tragacallthoides 7b. Petioles longer than lam inae ...••.••.......... 8 8a. Posterior petals 2 x length of anterior petals. glandular hairs on kaves sp herical·headed ..... .......•.. .... ......•.•.•. . P. dolomiticllnl 8b. Posterior petals slightly larger than anterior petals. glandular hairs on leaves pyriform. headed ............. . .......... P. griSelllll 5b. Petals 5. claws of posterior petals nO[ inro ll ed .•......... 9 9a. Annual herbs, stems herbaceous ...... . . P. selJecioides 9b. Perennial sub shrubs. stems woody .... . ..• .. .... .. 10 lOa. Posterior petals and anterior petals more or less of equal size and shape. h:rtile stamens 7 .........•• .............................. P. pturiseclum lOb. Postl!ri or petals much wider than ante ri or ones. fertile stamens 5, ..... ... . ... .... P. divisifolillm Taxonomic treatment of species l. Pelargonium praemorsum (Andr.) Dietr. in Vollstandiges Lexicon der Gartnerei und Botanik 7: 48 (1807); Schellema & van der Wall: 296 ( 1990). Type: Andr.: \. 150 (1801). S. Mr . .I. Bol. 1997. 63( I) e ntire area is characterized by dry, hot summers with scanty rain during the winter months . Thi s suhspedcs o rten grow s in the shdter of roc ks or othl:r plants. Selected specimens studied RSA -2917 (Springhok): Klip fontcin (-BA). Vtm de/' ~V al J-J()() (STEU) -3017 (Homieklipbaai ): Bowesdnrp (- BBl. Hill da Walt 558 • I' ~ ', .. ~ (STEU). 1 1 -3018 (Kam icshe rg): 16 km NE of Garies on road 10 Leliefontcin (-AC), Schellema 6 (STEU) . ' Figure 2 -3117 (Lepelfontein): Koclfontein (-AA). Vall ell'/' ~Hdl 776 (STEU). -3118 (Vanrhynsdorp): 6 km NE of Koekenaap (-CB), Hm dC'1' Walt 770 (STEU). -3119 (Calvinia): Botlerkloof Pass (-CD ). Selle/lema 2 (STE U). -3218 (Clanw illiam ): Clanwiliiam (-RS ), J- ~'c klo1 & Z('y//('/' S.I/. (M EL) Di strihution and concentration of species of the secti on JellkillSollill. (b) subsp. speciosum Scheltema Schcltema & van der Walt in South Afri can Journ al of Botany 56,3: 297 (1 99 0). Type: Northern Cape: ' H e1sk100f, Di e Koei ', ,"ttl laarsveld 4/38 (PRE, holo. !. K !, STEU ' ). D iagnostic features (Figure 3) Mu ch-branched subshrub. Stems tlexuost.!. cy lindrical, hl.!rba~ ceous, hrittk . Leaves borne singly or in clusters of 2-4; lamina 5-pa imatiparl itc or d\.!cply inc ised . sparsely hirte ll ous to dense ly pubesce nt; proximal part of petio le usually persistent; stipulcs membranous; persistent. Pseudo-umbel s 1- 2-flowered. Pedicel (2- 15 mm) shorter tha n hypanthium (9-40 mm). Petals 4(5), posterior two 27-38 mm x IH-3 J mm. crc.!am with wine-red or dark purple streaks; an terior two or three 12- 18 mm x 6-9 mm, cream Of li ght purple to pink with streaks. Schcltema and van der Walt (1990) distinguished the lollowing two subspecies: subsp. pruemorsum and subsp. speclo.mlll Schdtema (Figure 3). Key to the subspecies 1a. Anterior two pe tals cream coloured, kayes light green and sparsely hirtdlous .. . . ..... , ' ... . , . (a) subsp, praemorslllll I b. Ante ri or two petal s light purple to pink, leaves dark green, densely pube sn:nt , . . (b.) subsp. speciosum (a) subsp. praemorsll1n Schdtema & van der Walt in South African Journal of Botany 56,3: 296 (1990). Pe/argolliul1l pmemorslllll (Andr.) Dietr.: 48 (1807); Moore : 18 (195 5) ; van der WaH: 35 (1977); Bond & Goldblatt: 308 ( 1984): Webb: 65 (t9 84). Type: as for P. {JrnemorslIni (Andr.) Di etr. GeraJIium pmemorsllIll Andr.: t. 150 (I801). Pe/nlXOnilllll qllillatwn Sims: t. 547 (1802): Pers.: 229 (1 807); AieL: 175 (18 12); Don: 732 (t831); End\.: 1168 ( 1840); Steud. : 28 9 (I ~41) ; Harv. : 285 (1860); Knuth: 323 ( 1912); Etio vso n: 49 (1972). Type: as for P. (Jmemorsftll! (Andr.) D ietr. Jenkills(Jllia quillaw (Sims) Sweet: 79 (1820); Eckl. & Zcyh.: 70 (1 835). Geranium quillatllm (S ims) P oin~ t : 758 (1812). Geographical distribution (Figure 4) Subsp. specinsfffll has a very limited and localized dist ribu tion. It occurs mainl y in the northern part of th e Richtersveld in succulent veld. It grows in rock cn:vices and among rocks in direct sunlight on the eastern and lowe r north -western s lopes of hill s and ridges. Specimens studied RSA -2816 (Oranjemund): Khubus (- BD), Marlo'il 12342 (PRE): Khu· bu s Mountains above Hd skloof (- BD). \I('rdool'll 1837 (PRE ): Hd sk1 00 f (-BD), Vall l aar., ,'eld 413~ (K , PRE, STEW); HcJsberge (-BD), ,"ttl Breda 120 1 (PRE): Numees Mine (-BD), Hall 699/53 (BOL). -2817 (Vioolsdrit): knkinskop (-CB). Vall Jaarsrcld 4099 (STEU). 2. Peiargollium trijuJum j acq., H ort us Schoenbru nne nsis 2: 5, t. 134 ( 1797): Vorster: 268 (1986). Typo: J aeq .: t. 134 ( 1797). Pelargoniwllfmgile (Andr.) Willd.: 6R6 ( 1800); van dor Walt: 15 (1977). Type: as for Gerrlllilll1ljragile. PeLargonilll/J tripartilIlIIJ Will d.: 683 (I SOO). Type: as for P. tri ~ fidum. Geranillm fragile And r.: t. 37 (1 79R). Type: Andr. : t. 37 ( 1798). D iagnostic features Muc h-branched subshrub. Stems spreading and trai ling, cylindrical, herbaceous, brittle . Le aves 3- partilc to 3-foliolatc ; i<l mina cord iform , 10-40 mm x 12-50 mm, pubescent to hispid wit h pyriform-headed glandular hairs in bClw!!en; stipules membranous. Pseudo-umbels 2- 6-flowered. Pedi cel ( 1-2 mm ) muc h shorter than hypanthiU m (15-25 mm). Peta ls 5, crea m: posterior two ca. 25 x 8 mm , with reddi sh st reaks: anterior three ca . 15 x 4 mm . Geographical distribution (Figure 4) Subsp. jJraemorsu11/ is well represented in Namaqu aland and has been collected from the vicinity of Springbok in the north to ncar Clan wi lliam in the south. and eastwards towards Ca lvinia. The Geographical distribution (Figure 5) P. trifidum shows a disjunct distribution pattern, one distribution area is in rhe No rthern Cape and the othe r in a strip parallel {O the 10 S. Arc J. Bot. 1997. 63( I) A X I .:; c . . .., .. . ':" . ......... .) ~.-/ . . ~- Figure 3 P. praemorsum subsp . spccios/lllt: A. oecium x 1.5. vegt: t il li v~ branchl:s xl; B, flowering branch x I; C, petals x I: D. androccium x 1.5: E. gyn- . S.Arr.). BUI.1997.63(1) .... II W I T ) .. • _. __ . _ _ ~ M _~ Figure 4 Geographical distribution of P. praemorsulIl subsp. praeJ/lorswll. and subsp. speciOSIlI1l .... Cape south coast. The distribution area in the Northern Cape stretches from the Orange River southwards to the vicinity of HondekJip Bay. This is an area wit h very high temperatures during the summer months and an annual rainfall of less than 150 mm. The second distribution area stretches from Worcester in the Western Cape to the vicinity of Uitenhage in the Eastern Cape. This area has a much milder climate and higher rainfall figures than the other distribution area. P. rrijidwn is often found on rocky slopes on sandy soil. Specimens studied RSA -2816 (Oranjcmund): Kubus (- BD). Marlorh 12341 (PRE); Waterkloof at Doornpoort (-DB). Pillalls 5476 (BOL). -2916 (Port Nolloth): 3 km N. of Port Nollolh (-BD). Hardy 157 (PRE). -2917 (Springbok): Eenriet near Steinkopr (- 80), ESlerilu),scll 2904 (BOL). -3017 (Hondeklipbaai): 3 km SE of Hondeklipbaai (-AD), Pillans 17963 (BOL). wl\~ "1 ,v \ ' / ,\r::";"':-:"-l-,.-l,-+-rl , +i-r-,+-+ l--'c" -, I I i i Farm Draaihoek (-CB), DelZ),sseli s. n. (STEU); Saffraanpoort (-CC), De"yssell S./l. (STEU); Near Mocras River (-Ce ), ESle rhu)'sen 19290 (BOL); Farm Doornkraal near De Rust (- DA ). Dahlstralld 2083,2144,2175,3601 (PRE). -3323 (Willowmore): Kouga Mountain (-CA). £ .Her/w),sen 4668 (BOL); Uniondale (-CA), Parerso" 3070 (GRA ). -3325 (Port Elizabeth): Van der Merwe River. Suurhcrge (-AD), Drege s.n. (MEL); Bloukrans (-CD). Boills 443 (BOL). -3326 (Grahamstown): Alicedale (-AC), emdell 102 (GRA). -3424 (Humansdorp): Droogekloof (-BB). Fnurearle 3532 (BOL). 3. Peiargonium telluicaule Knurh in Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 45: 63 (1938); Von der Wolt & Vorster: 139 (I98 I b). Type: Namibia: 'Ebene iist lich vom Kahanstal', Dillter 8202 (B+, holo.; M; Ieeto. !, BM'; BOLl; G'; PRE!). Diagnostic features Sparsely branched subshrub with small subterranean tubers. Stems spreading and trailing. cylindrical, herbaceous, brittle. Leaves 5-palmatilobate to 5-palmalifid; lamina circular, 30--50 mm in diameter, sparsely hispid with pyriform-headed glandular hairs in between; stipulcs membranous, Pseudo-umbels 2- ,. .,..,-+t2+ I ' : ' :J I 1':, , , , -3221 (Mcrwev ille): Prince Alber! (-DC). Bolus 11454 (BOL). Krige S.II. (BOL). -3319 (Worcester): Osplaas station NE of De Dooms (-8e) , Mauve & Olivier 228 (PRE). Pillalls 14186 (BOL. Z); Karon BOlanical Garden (- CB). Vall der Wall 53} (STEU). Van der Walt & ""rsrer 1054 (STEU); Rabiesberg (-DA). Comptoll5738 (BOL). -3320 (Montagu): Sootkloof mountains (- BA). Moffel( 797 (STEU); Matjiesfontein (-BA), Vall der Walt 812 (STEU); 32 km W. of Ladismith (-BB), Leighroll 8 18152 (BOL): Dobbelaarskloof (-CB), MRL 6709 (BDL); Bonnievale (-CC). Pillalls /0833 (MO): Belween Montagu and Barrydale (-DC). MR.L. 5 I 7 (BOL). -3321 (Ladismith): Sewewcekspoort (-AD), ESlerhuyse1J 24814 (BOL), MR.1. 2423 (BOL): 5.5 kill W. of Ladi smi th (-BA). Marsh 1422 (PRE); Bosluiskloof Pass (-BC), Acoeks 18432 (PRE). LeisrlIer 2440 (PRE). -3322 (OudlShoorn): Blesberg (-AA). Esterhuysell 24897 (PRE): Swartberg Pass (-AC). Boills 11453 (BOL); N. of Swartberg Pass (-AC), Vall der Wa lt 1590 (STEU); Farm Frisgewaagd (-AD), Vlok 1602 (STEU); Meiringspoort (-BC), Vall der Walt 1143 (STEU); Farm Buffelsklip (-BD), Lavranos & Pehlemalln 19821 (STEU); "IT. , 1"1 I , ' :,,:' '-( , ' I I I 'j.j. ' i , .... ' ..,.. , II , : I ! i-:"-"'_LI17 ' fth:O'i-;-·..;' -i'~:J4' '; ";,...:..,' • :"":'''''';''--i--'--\'.-t:C r lLl--:-++-, ;--;,;'1 H": " I! ,.'L:i..l'' ",: "~.;' I I I ' - r1, I ' 1\ .. ~:1" I Figure 5 "~ I "":"'JI_f--V1fi:+.'tli I' J,+-f I:'> I V ', / ' , " ;:-H I I :hrJ" !/ I .-t -~:"f'c y V-LH~i'.: ; , " ';--' ... I I I I I Geographical distribution of P. trifidum. " ,r ~. : ' J..IJJ" ' : :l ,. r I , 1 I; ! " , 1 , 1 I 1"1 : ,, , I r:- • : ! I , .I' • . ,. ' : I 1\ I)" I Il'l ' " • " :J \ : , • I H" , . , ~ i~-.l ~t , p " \ i I I ,. , .. .-. ~ 1 V .. .. , ". ., I. "~ C1 / I , 1/ . /' o........J.... ". , ":" " 1' I e : 'I I 1 , ,. , , . n".. • , , :, I; , ;;. I N , 'i.., '- , , , '" i , , '1\ I !r- ', 'lC , c.. 1'1 1 , ,. ~ 11' , y' .1 , , .'.'" I i 7i , ' , --;; i i 1\ I r-I-. ..F r , r ~ r7r)i_. . I I I 1 : ::- I I . . , '" !: \ , I I , ,, , ,I ,of: ,, , \ I I' v -i J', ',, \ , I 'T , 'I, " ~ ". , '..:-F>: I, I ! I ,. ~ 1-1 I 1 , " :O-~\ l" , .' , , ,/ ,'" , , , ". I ". Figure 6 Geographical distribution of P tenuicaule, • , . W -. S. A fr. J. Bot. 1997. (l~ 12 Ilowered. Pedice l (2-4 mm) much shaner than hypant hium (I x- 1) (a) subsp. alltidysentericuJIl 20 nun). Pdais 5. cr~am bm heL:oming white: posterior two 1725 mm x 6-12 mill, with wine-red blotches and feather-like markings: anterior three 19-2R mill x 7-16 mm. Schdtema & van der Walt in South African Journal of Botany 56'}: 291 ( 1990). Geographical distribution (Figure 6) P. rl.'lIlficllltle occurs in the southern part of Namihia and the Richlcrsvcld but it is also known from tim:!.! morc southern local - Pelargollillm lllltidys(,llfcriC//11I (El.:kl. & Zt!yh.) Kostc l.: I H'J6 ( IS36): Harv. I: 2R6 (1860): Pappe: 4 (IS6S ): Knuth: 3 9 1 (1912): van der Walt & Vorst!.!f: 7, t (198Ia): Bond & Goldhlall : J04 (1984). Type: as for P. allfidyselliericlllll (Eckl. & Zeyh .) Kostcl: Jenk illsrmia wlfidyscl/lcrica Ed!. & Zey h.: 70 ( I R35). itics in Namaqual.md. The di stribu tion area has a low an nll a l rainfall of less than 150 mm during the Wiml.!f and very high temperatures an: experienced during the summer months. P. tellfli· calf/e grows on rocky slopes, c liff faces and also on flats among fOl:ks. Specimens studied NAMIBIA -2716 (Witputz): Farm Spitskop (-DC), Merxmijl/er & Gil's5 32289 (W IN D). \.01111 der \M-dr /469 (STEU): Farm Namuskluft (-DD), LlIl'nZllos & PehiemclIlli 19942 (STEU), Lavrmw.I', PehleIIW/lJ! & Bamd 19222 (STEU) ; Zcbrafontdn (-D O), MOiler & Horn 1563 (STEU), Velller 8910 (BFLU). -2816 (Oranj emu nd): Kah ansta l (- BB), DillIei' 8202 (BOL, PRE, Z) RSA - 2816 (Oranjcmund): Kodasp ieks (-BB ). \1:m del" Wesllmh.ell 13/1 80 (STE). Vim icwrsvC'/d & Kril;';Ilger 6223 (NBG). H'lIIer 8188 (BLFU) . Swartpoort (- BB ), Vall Jaars\'e/d 4309a (NBG): Hdskloof (-BD). TllOmpsoll & Le ROllx 87 (S TE); Farm Olicnhout (-DB). Thompson & u' Roux 376 (STE). Doringpuun (-DB). Vt-m Zyl /0 (STEU ). -2917 (Springbok ): Near Kat berg (-BD), Hall ".11. (BOL). -3017 (Hondcklipbaai): E. of Nuwefontdn and Kuhu s (-DD). DrijjllO/II 2906 (STEU). -30 19 (Lm::riesfon lcin): Augrabicspoort (-DB). Bo/u!i665X (BOL ). 4. Pe/argollium antidyselltericuJIl (Eck!. & Zcyh.) Koste! .• Allgeme inc Mediz in ischpharmazeutisc he Flora 5: 1~t)6 (1836): Sc hol te ma & va n der Wall: 29 1 ( 1990). Type: Northern Cape: 'ad mol1le m Kamie~b crg (Namaqualand)" EckJoll & Zeyher 542 (S; leeto.!: L!: M': MO') Diagnostic features (Figure 7) Much- hranched shrub with a partly subterranean tubt.!f. Stems virnineous, angular. sulcate or cyli ndrical. herbaceous but becom ing woody w ith age. Leaves borne in clusters 3-4 on short branc h lets; lami na re niform, 5(- 7)-pa lmati lobate to 5(7)-patmalipartite, sparsely hirtell o us with many pyriform-headed g landular hairs in between; stipules membranous or recurvcd persi~tcnl sp in e~. Pseudo-umbels 2-5-flowered. Pedicel (5-10 mm ) shorter than hypa mh ium (10- 30 mm). Petals 5, li ght pu rple to purpl!.! or whi le with dark purple streaks: posterior two 1(}--20 mm x 5- 8 rnm; anterior three 10-13 mm x 2-4 mm. Sehellema and van der Wa lt (1990) dislinguishe" the fo llow ing thrc!.! subspec ies: subsp. (lll/idysellfericum (Figure 7), subsp. illerlllt! Sc hclle ma and subsp. ZOlla te Schettcma. or Key to the subspecies 1a. Leaves zoned. petals while with streaks . stems decumhenl. ..... .. . •• . • . • (e) subsp. ZOllole lb. L!.!<lves not zoned, petals light purple to purple with str!.!aks, steIns t.::rect ....... _............ . .. _................ 2 2a. St ipules fecurvcd persistent spines. stcms dark hrown. :mgu lar. style whi te .. ....... (a) subsp. olltidyselltericlll1l 2b Stipul!.!s memhranous and not persistent. stems light brown , I.:ylin drical to sulcatc. style wine-red .. . .. (b) suhsp. inerme Geographical distribution (Figure 8) Subsp. muidysellfericll11l has bee n collected ill the southern pan of Namibia but its main centre of d istri huti o n is in the d istril.: t of S pringbok, Namaqualand. It occurs as far sout h as the K<' llnil.:sberg near Kamieskroon. The entire area is charactcrizt.::d hy dry, hot summers and scanty rain during the winter months. Subs p. wuidyscmericwll grows in mou nta ino us hab itats. Selected specimens studied NAMIBIA -2716 (Witputz): Spitskop ca. 10 kill N. of Rosh der Waif & \,hnter 1269 (STEU ). (-OC). li m Pin~ RSA -2917 (Springbok): Sannagas (-DC). Se/u'/l('ma j{J (STEU). -2918 (Gamocp): Si lwerfontcin (-CC). Schelfelllll 9 (STEU). -3017 (Hondcklipbaai): Kamiesberg Pass (-1313), HlIl da milt 559 (STEU ). -3018 (Kam icsbcrg): Kamieshcrg Pass (-AC). \.ill! da \Va lt 79/ (STEU). (b) subsp. in erme Scheltema Sc he ltema & van dl.!r Wa lt III South Africa n Journa l of Bo tany 56, 3: 293 (1990). Type: Norlltern Cape: 'Botte rkl oof Pass bt.::twee n Ceres and Calvinia', Scheltc1/w J (PRE, holo.! . K~. STEU!). Geographical distribution (Figure 8) Subsp. illerme has a more southerly distrihution in Namaqualand than subsp. (fIIlidyselllericlIl/l. Its hab itats arc eve n hotter and drie r than those of su bsp. wltidysellfericlll1l . It grows o n the southern and south- western slopes or mount ain s and hill s. Specimens studied RSA -3019 {Locriesfo ntcin }: Locricsfontein (-C D ). UI I'HlIIOS 59/0 (PRE) -3119 (Calvinia): 2 kill NE of Nieuwoudtville (-AC). Vall Wrk /64 (STEU); Nicuwoudtvillc Nature Res!.!fve (-AC). Sc/U:/U'IIU/ .J (STEU ); Rietfontein (- AC). Sclie/tem(/ 5 (STEU): Calvini a (-BD). Schmidt 5 15 (PRE); Slin.k.fontdnbt:rg (-CAl. Schellt'flUl 1 (K, PRE. STEW), V{1Il der Walt 943 (STEU): Bloukr:.Hls Pass nel w!.!t.::n Calvinia and Ceres (-DB). Van del' Hlrtl1422 (STEU). (e) subsp. zonate Scheltema Scheltema & van der Walt in Soulh A frican Journal of Botany 56, 3: 293 (1990). Type: Northern Cape: 'Besondermeid' near Steinkopf, Schellema II (PRE, ha lo. !. K' , STEU !). Geographical distribution (Figure 8) Subsp. WI/ale has a very localized di stributi o n and is only known from the area near S teinko pf in the northern part of Namaq ua. land. It grows on the western and south-western slopt.::s of low hills, amongst ferrugin ous quartzite in full sunlight. S. Air. J But. 1997. 63( I) ) o l B I \ ~ I) I Ii " /'\ I tA' I , ,[t c ! ' .. C \ "~. -.' - -" "- !~ \ /1 ~)t- , I/ ,- J. ~ I'A 1 _ .r ~ , .), \1/ i 1/ --"- >< .1- ,, • I ~ ,,< _I) . / !~ 1" ;f\\ / ~ h'\ " .....1' ~ I .. :') Figure 7 P. (llltidysemericlIlII subsp. autidys{'I/f('nclIl1I: A , young pla nt xl; B, petals x 1. 5: C. androcciulTl x 2: D, gYllo(,l.:iullI x -I.. S. Afr. 1. Bot. 1997, 63( I) 14 -2925 (Jagersfontein): Fauresmith (-CB), Henriei 2667 (PRE). -3024 (De Am): De Aar (- CA), Acocks 626 (PRE), -3026 (Aliwal North): Near Burgersdorp (-CD), Flanagan 1542 (BOL). -3119 (Calvinia); Farm Plaatberg (-BD), Amcks 18607 (PRE). -3121 (Fraserburg): Walkraal (- AC), Foley 164 (PRE), -3123 (Victoria West): Murraysburg (- DO), Bolus 1784 (BOL). -3124 (Hanover): Nieu Bethesda (-DC), Vall der Walt 995 (STEU). -3125 (Steynsburg): Grootfontein (-AC), Moffett 1018 (STEU). -3220 (Sutherland): 8 km E, of Sutherland (-BC), Acocks 14132 (PRE), -3222 (Beaufort West): Sunnysi de near Beaufort West (-BC) , Esterhu),sen 2719 (BOL). -3225 (Somerset East): Mountain Zebra Park (-AB), Van der Wall 891 (STEU) -3226 (Fort Beaufort): Schoombie near Tarkaslad (-AB), Mansergh 17529 (BOL). -3227 (Stutterheim): Hanover (-CD), Sim 2870 (PRE), Figure 8 Geographical distribution of P. antidysentericum subsp. (llltidysentericwn., subsp. inerme _ and subsp. zonale A. Specimens studied RSA -2917 (Springbok): Steinkopf (- BA), Meyer 12573 (PRE), Kling S.I1. (GRA); 7 km from Steinkopf to Port Nolloth next to Kosies's turn,off (-BA), Scheltema 15 (STEU), Van laarsveld 4057 (STEU): Bcsondermeid, 2 km S. of Stcinkopf (- Be), Drijjhout & Vall Jaarsveld 2978 (STEU), Scheltemal1 (K, PRE, STEU), 5. Pelargonium tragacant/zoides Burch., Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 2: 98 (1824): Vorster: 65 (1987a); van der Walt & Vorster: 145 (1988), Type: No rthern Cape: 'on the Table-mountain in the vicinity of a place dominated by Horse's Grave', Burchell 2693 (G,DC, lecto,': K!: LE), 6. Pelargollium griseum Knuth in Engler, Das Pflanzenreich 4,129, Vol, 53: 386 (1912): van der Walt & Vorster: 67, t (1981a). Type: Northern Cape: 'Oudcberg bei Graaff Reinel' , Bolus 703 (BOL, lecto!: K': MEL': S!): 'Albert Distrikt' , Cooper 682 (BM!; E': K!; W!: Z'). Diagnostic features Much-branched, erect, aromatic subshrub. Stems rather woody and smooth, older stems covered with remains of leaf bases. Leaves pinnate with pinnae irregularly divided into narrow segments, pilose and with pyriform-headed glandular hairs interspersed; lamina cordiform to narrowly cordiform in outline; petiole longer than lamina, persistent for some time. Pseudoumbels 2-3-flowered. Pedicel shorter than hypanthium. Petals 4, pinkish-purple with darker veins, unguiculate; posterior two auriculate, claws inrolled to form false tubes, slightly longer than anterior petals. Fertile stamens 7. P. ramosissimllm auct. mult.; non (Cav.) Willd.: 688 (1800) - based on Geranium ramosissimwn Cav.: 260 (1787). Diagnostic features (Figure 9) Branched. erect, aromatic subshrub. Stems woody and smooth. Leaves pinnate to bipinnate with the pinnae repeatedly divided into linear segments; sparsely sericeous and with pyriformheaded glandular hairs interspersed; lamina narrowly ovate in outline; petiole shorter than lamina. Pseudo-umbels 2-4flowered. Pedicel shorter than hypanthium. Petals 4, white, pronouncedly unguiculate; posterior two auriculate, claws inrolled to form false tubes, with wine-red markings at base, twice as long as anterior petals. Fertile stamens 7. Geographical distribution (Figure to) P tmg(l('{lnt/zoides has a wide distribution in the Western, Northern and Eastern Cape and it is also known from the southwestern part of the Free State. It grows under low rainfall conditions of 200-400 mm per annum. P. tragacanthoides usually occurs on hillsides, often on dolo rite where it is wedged into crevices, although it has also been reported to grow on sand in the Northern Cape. Geographical distribution (Figure 11) P. griseum occurs in the Great Karoo in the Eastern Cape. Its distribution range stretches from Beaufort West in a northeasterly direction to Lady Grey. It grows in mountainous habitats receiving an annual rainfall of 200-300 mm, mainly during the summer months. . Specimens studied RSA -3026 (Aliwal North): Burgersdorp (-CD), Thode A475 (PRE), -3027 (Lady Grey): Lady Grey (-CA), Gerslller 127 (PRE): ,Iou, bert's Pass (-CA), Werger 1049, 1800 (PRE). -3124 (Hanover): Compass Berg, Middelburg (-DC), Esterhuysen 19712 (BOL) -3125 (Steynsburg): Sneeubcrg, Gordonville (-AC), Acocks 16548 (PRE). -3126 (Queenstown): Andriesberg (-DA). Fischer 376 (STEU), Galpin 6277 (GRA), -3222 (Beaufort West): S. of Kruiwaskloof. Beaufort West (-BC), Van Zyi s,n. (STEU), -3224 (Grauff Reinet): Sneeuherge, Graaff Reinet (-AA). Bo/us 703 (BOL, K, MEL, S). Selected specimens studied RSA -2822 (Glen Lyon); Langeberg near Hay (-DO), Acocks 8530 (PRE). -2917 (Springbok): Ncar Springbok (-DB), Hardy & Bayliss 1117 (PRE). 7. Pelargollium dolomiticum Knuth ex Engl. in Sitzungs ~ berichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akadademie der Wissenschaften II: 877 (1906), nom, nud.: Knuth in Botanische lahrbucher 40: 71 (1908): Knuth : 386 (1912): Burlt Davy: 189 (1926): Milller: 143 (1963): Merxmliller & Schreiber: 11 (1966): s. Afr. J. Bol. 1997. 63( I I 15 van der Walt & Vors(cr: 55 (198 1a); van def Walt & Vorstcr: 432 (198Ib). Type: No rth -West Provi nce: OLLoshoop, auf der Do lomil steppc. Engler 2889 (8, ho lo+), Free State: Bl oe mfontein. Mos/er/IMI (PRE, nco. I). P juffae Din ter ex Knuth: 40 I (191 2). nom. null. in syn. P. bee/llamiel/It! Burt( Davy: 48. I Ht) (1926) . P. bedllllllliclflll Burtl Davy var. ialisecfllm Burtl Dav y: 48.189 ( 1926): Dye r: t. 780 (1940): Lelly: 177.t. ~8.3 ( 1962). o X4- Figure 9 P rragacflnthoides: At flowering branch x I; B petals x 2: C. androecium x 2; D, gynoeciurn x 4. t 16 S. Mc. J . Bol. 1997. 63( I) Geog rap hi cal d istribution of P. lragacamlwities. Figure 10 Figure 12 Geograph ica l di strihutio n of P. (/%miticIIJlI. Diagnostic featu res Selected specimens studied Much-branched. l.:rcct. aromatic subshrub. Stems herbaceous BOTSWANA -2121 (G hanzi): Ghanzi (-DA), SIan' 5063 (PRE). -2425 (Gabarone): Near Ngware (-AR). Haflscfl31 92 (S RGH ). except woody base of main ste m, smooth. Leaves pinnate to hipinnate. pinnae irregularly incised into linear or na rrow ly o hlong segments, densely hirte llous with spherical-headed glandular ha irs interspersed: lamina ovate to narrowly ovate in outline: petiole much longer than lamina. Pseudo-umhels 3- 6tlowcnxJ. Pedicel shorter than hypanthium . Petals 4. white or crea m-coloured to pink or light purple wi th red to dark red m:lrkings. pronouncedly unguiculate; posterior two auricu late, claws inrolkd to form false tube s. twice as long as anterior petals. Fertile stanH:ns 7. Geographical distribution (Figure 12) NAMIBIA -1917 (Tsumeb): Farm Auros (- BA). Gicss 12549 (PRE). -2017 (Watcrberg): 33 km E. of Vaalwatcr (-DC). Codd 965 (PRE). -2116 (Okahandja): Farm Omatakoview (-BA), Meyer 10796 (WIND) . -2217 (Windhoek) : Farm Regenstein (-CA). Gicss 15347(WIND). -2218 (Gobab is): Farm Stormfrict.i (-BD). S"hlicbell 10362 (PRE). -2316 (Naoehas): Gamsherg (-AD). Kcl's 159 (W IND). P t/%miriclfl1l is one of the most widely distributed Pe/lIrgoJlillll/ RSA spec ies in southern Africa. Il occurs in Namibia, the Northern Province and Botswana. Cape, Free Slatl.!, Gautcng. North~Wes The grealt.!f pari of its distri bution area receives between 400 and 600 mm or ra in du ring the summer months. P. dolnmiticllm grows on dt:cp , well-drained sa ndy soil and is often associated wi th dolomite. -2329 (Pictmburg): 9.5 km S. of Pietersburg (-CD). Codd 10456 Il" ... .. .,:~ ~ ~ .-~ or .. IC' ~ =:-;>. 11" ,r Ir .'.':........_!!: - ", -- --J (PRE) -2330 (Tzancen): Wolkcberg P,e," (-CC). Moffell1986 (ST EU). -2428 (Nylstroom): Stakrivier Dam (- Be), JelCohsell 2574 (PRE). -2429 (Zebedida): Ncar Potgietc rsrus (-AA), Ga/pill 8932 (PRE). -2430 (Pilgrim's Rest) : Between Pilgrim 's Rcst and Bourkc's Luck (-DD). Vall del' Wall & Vimler 1340 (STEU). -2528 (Pretoria): RODdepl aat (-BC). Clarke 560 (PRE). -2529 (Witbank): Waterrall area ncar Witbank (-CA). ReplOll 1206 (BOL). -2623 (Morokweng): Vaalboschfontein ( - ~O), Schlechter 4786 (Z). -2626 (Klerksdorp): Bakcrvillc (-AA), Morris & Engelbrecht / 164 (PRE). 1'"1-- ---~ ~- - .I - -' ~ ~ _ ~ ~-' -----l-:/ - -"t-'< _ _ -+ . "'",--k.;'~ ~ ~ : ~- ~- __ -------..- 7 l __ , .__ __ 'j.. = =~ - u.- - ".-.. Figu re 11 _ :.;~ t : =- -: :.=- · ~ .. ,.. ir ,r • _ • • * __ * .-:- -- 7- ~ h 1~ :~ ~ .~ ----'. ~= = ~_-= =~- " _ ==:====_= -~. ___ '1I' 1.. >s' D 1c- ~ _ ia- -,.- , .; - ~ Geographical distribution of P. griseul1l. w- -2627 (polchdstoom): Koedocsfonte in (-CD). Lvuw 1673 (PRE). -2723 (Kuru man): Kuruman (-AD). Jordaall CBK5 (PRE). -2822 (Glen Lyon): Langherg near Hay (- DO). Hlliller 2 (PRE). -2823 (Grickwastad): Danielskuil (- BA). E.Herhuysen 765 (BOL). -2824 (Kimberley): Kimberley (-DA). MOl'llil 13341 (BOL). -2825 (Bos hof): 48 km SW of Christinn<l (- CA), Leislller 1181 (PRE). -2827 (Scnckal): Wilkm Pretorius Natun: Reserve (- CA), Lei.Hlwr 3000 (PRE). -2828 (Beth lehem): WilSie,hock (-DB). JII"od 17501 (PRE). -2925 (Jag~rs f ontci n ): Townlands (- CB) , Hellrici 2869 (PRE) . -2926 (B loe mfontein): National Botanical GOlrcten (-AA ), Will del' Wall 1170 (STEU). S. Mr.J. HOI. 1997,63( 1) 8. Peiargolliul1l redactul1l VOTster in South African Journal of Botany 62, I : 54 (1996), Type: Namib ia: 'Farm Zcbra fontein LUS 87', 30 km 1\1£ of Rosh Pinah, Merxmiiller & Giess 28793 (WIND, holo, I; PRE, iso, !), Diagnostic features Erect to procumbent an nual herb with stro ngly developed lap root. Stems he rhaceous. Leavc.!s 2-3 -pin nil titi d with a lmosl li near seg ments, green wi th a sil very sheen. covered with short hairs and glandular hairs in terspersed. lamina cordiform in outline; pet iole much longer than lamina. persistent. Pseudo-umbels 23(-4)-tlowl.!red. Ped icel usually longer than hypanthium. Petals 4. dark wim>red; pos te rior two auriculate, claws inrolled to form false tu bes. longer than anterior petals. Fert ile stamens 2- 3. Geographical distribution (Figure 13) This species has a wide di stribution in a strip along the west coast of the Northern Cape and southern Namibia, from Vanrhynsdorp in the south (Q the neighbourhood of Aus in the nonh. h occurs in desert areas w ith low. scatte red sh rub lets and g rass tufts, usually but not invariabl y on deep loose sand, with a predi- lection ror open places such as sand washes in dry watercourses. 17 West/wizen 279 (PRE): Farm 'S ilwerfontein', Springbok (- CC). Drege 7481 (P); Vclll dPr Walt 1394 (STEU), -3017 (Hondcklipbaa i): Arakup (- RR) : Schlechter 11252 (PR E), -3018 (Kamiesbcrg): Groot klip . Vanrhynsdorp (~D ) , Acocks 19047 (PRE). 9, Pelargollium sell ecioides L 'Hcrit . in Ail. , Hortus Kewensis ed, 1,2: 420 (1789 ); t. II (1792); Willd ,: 66 1 ( 1800); DC: 660, n, 125 (1824); Sweet: t. 327 (1826- 1828); Ha rvey: 188 (1860); Knut h: 401 (19 12) (p,p,); van der Walt & Vorster 3: 127, t. (1988), Type: 'Cape o f Good Hope', Massoll (not seen), Lectotype: L'!ierit., Geran. t. II ( 1792). Geranium senecioides (L' Herit.) Poir.: 749 (18 12). Myrrhidium seHecioides (L' HcriL) Eckl. & Zeyh.: 72, n. 559 (1 835). Type: ' Sabulbsis planitiei apud montes Tigerbcrgc inque Zwartland', Ecklon & Zeyher 559 (MO', SAM!), Geraniospermum senec;o;des (L' Herit.) O.Ku ntze.: 95 (189 1). Pelargoll iul1! phel/al1dr;um E. Mey.: 209 (184:1), nom. nud. Type: 'Groenekloof' , D rege 1297 (P!) , The annual rainfall does not exceed 200 mm on average. Selected specimens studied NAMIB IA - 2615 (Luderitz): Tschaukai b. near H<laienberg (- DA), Wend! S. I1 . (WIND), -2616 (Au,): Aus, 8 km NE of (-CA), Din"r 8065 (Z); Farm 'Klei n Aus' (- CA), Kinges 2238 (PRE): Farm 'Kubub' near Aus (-C B). Giess 14676 (PRE. WI N D); Aus (-CB). Giess & Va" VilltrCII 615 (W IND); Namib nats between Neisip (-BC) and Eureka (-CB), Merxmiiller & Giess 2893 (PRE, WIND): Farm ' Paddaputz', 8 km W. of Aus (-CC) , Van VImrell S.II. sub STEU 3814 (PRE). -2716 (Wit putz): Udidap Mountain (- BB ), Miiller 8 11 (W IND); N. of Rosh Pinah ( - ~ O ), Giess 14663 (PRE, WI ND); Farm 'Zebra fonrein, LUS 87' (- ~O ), Merxmiiller & Giess 28748 (PRE, WIND); 28793 (PRE, WIND). - 2818 (Warm bad}: Farm 'Bank wasser, WAR 139' (-C B), KOlze J.fl. suh Gil'55 10491 (WIND ). RSA -2917 (Springbok): Steinkopf (- BC), SchlechtCl' 11499 (BOL); Tkoubcrg, Springbok (- DC), Vall derSchijff811 6 (PRE), -2918 (Gamoep): Areb, 43,2 km NE of Springbok (-AC), Vcl/l del' Diagnostic features Erect, an nu al herb wilh a normally deve loped tap root. Ste ms herbaceous. Leaves 2- 3-pinnatifid with almost linear segments , green, covered with short hairs and shorter glandular hairs interspersed. lamina cordiform in outline. Pseudo-umbels 2-4fl owered. Pedicel muc h shorte r than hypant hiulll . Petals 5, w hite to creamy-white (Q pinkis h wit h dark pink-purple reti cu lation abaxially; all petals more or less equall y sized . Ferti le stamens 7. Geographical distribution (Figure 14) P. sellec;oides occurs from Wallekraa l in the NOt1hern Cape south wards along the coas t to (he Cape Peninsula in th e Wes tern Cape. It grows in a vari ety of vegetation types, from coastal Fynbos in Ihe ex treme soulh, through Strand veld, 10 Namaqualand Broken Ve ld. The rai nfa ll , which varie s between 100 and 600 mm, is res tricted to the winter mo nths. T hroug hout th is area it occurs o n deep sandy so il and it favou rs open, su nn y situ ations. Thi s species flowers mai nly from September to Novembe r, seeming to take advantage of the cool and moist winter conditions to complete its life cycle . ,I '' -~ ~ 10 12 Figure 13 14 16 16 Geographical distributio n of P. redacfllm. Figure 14 Geographica l distributi on of P. sellecioides. IX S. Afr. 1. Bol. 1997, 6J{I) Selected specimens studied -3017 (Hondeklipbaai): Wallekraal near Hondekliphaai (-Be). flolfcher 76 (STEU). 19 - 3118 (Vanrhy~dop): Farm Lil!bendal. Vredendal (-CB). Hall 385/ (NBG); 15 km on Vn.:dcndal road to Papendorp (- (8) , Amvld 909 (PRE): V redendal road (- DA), 5[t',"/I 449 (NBG): W. of Vrcdcndal (-DA) Willi/ail 693 (GRA): Farm Widouw. J 5 km S. of Vanrhynsdorp (-DB), HflMO 450 (MO, PRE): Tigerbcrgt: in Zwanland (-DB). Edloll & Zeyh"r 559 (MO, BOL): Klawer (- DC), Andrelle 519 (PRE); Nardouw, Clanwilliam (-DC). Compton 19995 (NBC): Olldshllek D",11, C lonwilliam (-DD), HIl1l846 (NBC). -3 119 (Caivinia): Lokcnburg. Calvinia (-CAl. Acocks 17488 (PRE): Top of Rottcrkloo r (-CO). Com/lIon 20904 (N BG). -3218 (Cl anwilliam): Nort ier experimental farm (-AS), Boucher ]6()8 (PRE): Between Leipold tvill e and Elands Bay (-AB/AD). ZinJl J . II. (SAM): 15 kill E. of Lamberts Bay (-BA). Comp/oll 24145 (N BG): Graaf Water 011 road to Lamberts Bay (- BA). VlIlI Breda 1266 (PRE): Clanwilliam <.:ampsitl.! (-BB). Gofdblaf( 4213 (PRE): Boschkloof (-BB). Barker 2654 (NBG): 8 km on Clanwi l1 iam road to Kmnsvki (-BB). Gillett 4026 (BOL): NE of Vl:rlorl.!nvlei. at Mil!jiesgocddrift (-BC). Pi1/(//IS 7996 (BOL); P;;kisheuwel (-BC). Hili del' Wall 1051 (STEU): Farm Onder-Bcrg-vll!i, Palcisheuwel (-BC). \!till der Walt 1415 (STEU): Foot of Nicuwoudts Pass on road 10 Algeria (- BD), HI/go 655 (PRE): Berg:vallei, CI:mwilliam (-DA), Zl'yhu 183 (PRE). - 3219 (Wuppertal): Sidouw Valley (-A S ): Marai" 10 (STEU): Between Citrusdal and Alpha (-CA). Esterlllf:rsell 2216/ (PRE). -3318 (Cape Town): Road 10 Saldanha Bay (-AS), Bachmanll 1541 (Z): Hopcfidd (-AS). Bachmanll 295 (BOL): Between Langeba,m and Yzerfontcin (-AC) , Marais 231Fischer 319 (STEU): Darling Flower Reserve (-AD). Wi"kler 170 (NBG): Mamre road. Malmt!sbury (- BC). Barker 1146 (NBG): W. base of Kanonberg (- IlC ). Pilia/lS 6634 (BOL): Surrelsriver (-CB) , ra,lo r 4161 (STE): l:ktwccn Mamrc and Darling (-AD/CB), Sairer 1754 (BOL); Farm Groote Poor!. Mamre (-C B). Middlemosl 1834 (NBG): Paarden I ~land (-CD). Faimll21 1 (NBG); Milnerton dunes (-CD), Comptoll 163 (NBG): Farm Gode Huop. on Darling. road to Kalbaskraal (-DA). Marais 17lFischer315 (STEU). -3319 (Worcester): Ht!x River Vall ey (-BC), Tysoll 727 (BOL): !-lex River Valley (-BD). Boucher 93 (STEU). - 3320 (Montagu): Noug<.lspoort (-CA). Drege S.II. (P). - 3418 (Simonstown): Cape Peninsula (-AB/AD). Salter 8267 (BOL): Fish Hoek (-AB). Bolli" 4876 (BOL): Faure (-BA), v,JrSter 2938 (STEU). 10. Pelargolliu11l plurisectu11l Salter in Journal of South Afri can Botany 8: 279 ( 1942); Adamson & Salter: 5 16 ( 1950): van dcr Walt & Vorster: J 15 ( 1981 a). Type: Western Cape: 'Appcls kraal. be tween the Zwartcbc rg and River Zonderende', Zeyher 2054 (a lternative num ber: Drtfge 9460) (S. lecto.!: G!: P!: TCD!;W!). p. IIIlIltifidllm Harv.: 282 (1860): Knuth : ,84 ( 19 12): non Salisb.: 313 (1796). Type: as for P plI1risectIlI1l. Diagnostic features Much- bram.: hed. erect. suhshrub. Stems rather woody. olde r of leaf bases. Leaves pinnatisect ste ms cove red with remain~ with linear segments. serkeous with spericaI-headed g landular hairs interspersed: lamina ovate in outline; petiole longer than lamina, persistent for some time. Pseudo -umhe ls 1-2·tlowcred. Pedicel (up to 3 mm) much sho rter than hypanthium. Petals 5, light ye ll OWIs h to Il es h-colourcd. strongly retlexed, posterior and anterior petals morc or less of equal shape and size. Ferti le slame ns 7. Figure 15 Geographical distribution of P pll1risectum. Geographical distribution (Figure 15) P. plllrisecwm is con fin ed to a rc.lalivdy sma ll di stri bution area in the Westl.!rn Cape. II has been collected on the Cape Pe ninsu la and in the districts of Stelknbosch. Tulbagh, Ceres and Caledon. The entire distribution range is in lhe winter-rainfall area with an annual rainfall of more than 700 Inlll:. The summers are hot and dry. P. pillrisectmn is usually found on clayish soil. Specimens studied RSA -3318 (Cape Town): Lion's Head. Table Mountain (- CD). Guthrie S.II. (BOL); Tygerberg Nature Reserve (-DC). Lollbser 3449 (MO): Stc ll<nbosch (-DD). Duthie S.II. (BOL), V,mler 2926 (S TEU). -3319 (Worcester): Gydo Pass, Ceres (- AS). Fischer 345 (STEU): Tulbagh Valley (-AC), Pillalls S.II. (BOL). -3419 (Caledon): Caledon (-AB). Gllth rie 5.11. (BOL): 45 km SE of Caledon (- BD). Fischer 266 (STEU); Between Swartberg and Zeyher 2054 (P. S). Riviersondcrcnd ( ~BD). 11. Pelargollium divisifolium Vn rster in Sou th African Journal of Botany 5, : 71 ( 1987h): van der Walt & Vorstor: 49 (1988). Type: Western Cape: 'Farm Happy Valley, E. or Crcyton', I/orster 2939 (PRE, ho lo.l; K'; MO!; NBG!). P. artemisiaefoiillm sensu auct.; non DC.: 661 (J 824 ). Diagnostic features (Figure 16) Sparsely bro nched, scandent subshrub. Stems rather woody, smoot h. Leave s bipinnate wit h the pinnae repearedly di vided into linear, semi-terete segments. sparsely hirtellous to glabrous and eglandular: lamina ovate in ollt line: petiole usually more or less the same length as the lamin a. Pseudo-umbels 2-5·llowercd. Pedicel more or less the same length as the hypanthium. Petals 5, pink or occasionally white: posterior two with winc-reu markings, slightly longer but much wider Ihan anterior petals. Fe rti Ie slame ns 5. Geographical distribution (Figure 17) P divisifoliwn has a limited distribution range in the Western Cape. It is only known from mountains near lhe village of Worcester and the Riviersondercnd mountains. This is a winterrainfall area and the precipitation is in excess of 800 mm per year. P. divisifolillllt occurs o n the lower slopes of the moun tains as a co mponent of Fynbos o n sandsto ne- de ri ved so il. S. Afr. J. Bol. 1997.63(1) Specimens studied RSA -3319 (Worcester): Near Worcester (-CB). Cooper 1720 (MEL): Kanonberg near Grey ton (DC). Rycmf[ 3 179 (PRE): McGregor 19 (-~O). DrijJhout 2692 (STEU). Van der lVolt 1570 (STEU). -3419 (Caledon): Appclsk raa l near Riviersonderend (-AB), Zeyher 2066 (MEL. PRE. SAM . Z): Genadendal (-BA). Bolus 617 (BOL). 6926 (BOL. NH. PRE). POl'pe s.o. (MEL). Schlechter 9862 (BOL. A x:; D Figure 16 P. dl\'isijolium: A. flowering branch xl; B, sepals x 1.5; C, pelals x 1.5: D, androecium x 3; E. gynoecium x 3. 20 S. Afr.!. Bot. 1997.63(1) " ~ -, " - I GIBBY. M .. ALBERS. F. & PR IN SLOO, B. 1990. Karyo logicnl studies in Pe/orgonilllll sects. Clt:olliuI/I, Dibrach)'ll and Jellkinsollia (Gcraniaceae). PI. SySl. EVO/Ill. 170: 151-159. HARVEY. W.H. 1860. P('/argonillfll. In: Flora capcns is. cd s W.H. Hilrvcy. & 0. Sonder. Vol. 1. A.S. Rohcrtson. Cape Tow n. •., JACQUIN. N.J. 1797. Hortus Schoc nhrunnensis. Vol. 2. C.F. Wappler. Vienna. - ., - . .L"''-. . < - ~ ~: ' " ,. Figure 17 ENGLER. H.G.A. 1906. (Description of Pelllrgollilll1l r/%miliwm.) Shu preu.H. Akad. WiH. II: 877. •. Geographical distribution of P. divis/foliHm. E. MO. PRE. Z); Farm Happy Valley near Grey ton (-BA), £slet'Iwyscli 20760 (BOL. MO), VV/'sler 2939 (STEU): RiviC!rsondcrend (-HB). Esterllll),'"" 25076 (BOL. PRE). Stokoe 7399 (ROL). Villi de/' \,'IIlt 1107 (STEU). References ADAMSON, R.S. & SALTER. T.M. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsu la. lUIll, Cape Town. A ITON. W.T. 1812. Han us Kewensis, or a catalogue of the p lants culti- vated in the Royal BOianic Ga rden at Kew. 2nd cdn .. Vol. 4. Longma n. London. ALBERS, E, GIBB Y, M. & AUSTMANN, M. 1992. A reappraIsal of PC'largfllliulIJ sect. Ligll/aria. PI. Spt. Evo/ut. 179: 257-276. ALBERS. F.. VA N DER WALT, l.LA., GIBBY. M.. MARSCHEWSKI. D., PR ICE. R.A . & DU PREEZ, G. 1995. A biosystcmatic study of Pl'/argo/lIl/lIl section Ligll/aria. 2. Reappraisal of section Charisma. S. A{,: .I. Bot. 6 1: 339-346. ANDREWS. H.C. 1798. Botani st"s repos itory. Vol. I. H.C . Andrews. London. ANDREWS. H.C. 1801. Botanist's repository. Vol. 3. H.C. Andrews, London. BOND. P. & GO LDBLATT. P. 1984. Plants of the Cape flora . A descriptive cutulogu e. 11 S. Af,: Bm. Supp J. 13. BURCHELL. WJ . 1824. Travels in the interior of southern Africa, Vol. 2. Longman. London. BURTT DAVY. J. 1926. A manual of the nowcring plants and ferns of the Transvaal. London. CAVAN ILLES. AJ. 1787. Monode lphiae c1ass ls di sserlat io nes decem: Quarla disscrtatio botnnica. de Geranio. F.A. Didot. Paris . DE CANDOLLE. A.P. 1824. Prodromus systematic naturalis rcgni vegetubilis. Vol. 1. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris. DIETRICH. F.G. 1807. Vollstandiges Lexicon der Gart nerei und BOlilnik. Vol. 7. Weimar. Berlin. DON . G. I H31. A general system of gardening nnd botany. J.G. & F. Riv ington. London. DREYER. LL.. ALB ERS. F.. VAN DE R WALT. lJ.A. & MA R· SCHEWSKI. D.E. 1992. Subd iviSion of Pc/{",~ol iln sect. Cortusina (GeraOl<lCCilel. Pl. Sy.ff. Evol!u. 183: 83-97. DYER. R.A. 1940. Pc/argonilllll acmCIlIII. Flower. Pl. S. Afr. 20: l. 799. ECKLON , c.F. & ZEYHER. K.L. 1835. Enumcratio plantnrum africae auslwlis cx tratropicac .... Vol. I. The Author. Hamburg . ELlOVSON. S 1972. Namaqualand in nower. Macmillan. Johanneshurg. ENDLIC HER. S. IR40. Genera Plantarum sec undum ordines naturales di spos ita. Vol. 2. Friedrich Beck. Wien. KNUTH. R. 1908. Geraninccne afric:::mac. BOl. lb. 40: 62-79 . KNUTH. R. 1912. Pelargoniutn. Tn: Das Pl1anzenreH.:h. cd . H.G.A. Engler, Vol. 53. 4. 129. Wilhelm Engelmann. Berlin . KNUTH, R. 1938. Pelargonill/ll psplldflgllltill{lSUIll. Reprill/ll /I{ll '. Spec Regni Veg. 45: 63-64. KOSTELLETZKY. V.F. 1836. Allgeme ine mcdizlOisch pharmazeulIsche Flora. Vo l. 5. Heinrich Hvff. Maon hclm. KUNTZE. O . IR91. Rcvislo gcnera Plantaru m . Pars I. Arthu r Felix. Leipzig. LETTY. C. 1962. Wild flowers of the Transvaal. Wild flowers of the Transvaal Book Fund, Pretoria. L'HERITIER. c.L. 1789. In Hortus Kewensls. 1st & 2nd edn. W. A,ton. George Nicol. London. L'HERITIER , c. L. 1792. Geraniologia . Petri- Franc isc i Dldot. Paris. MERXMOLLER. H. & SCHRE IBER. A. 1966. Pelargollillm. In: Prodromus ei oer Flora von Sudwesta frika. cd. H. Merxmullcr. Fase. M. Cramer. Lehre. MEYER. E. 1843. Zwel Pflanzengeographischc Dokumente. cd. J.F. Drege. Leipzig. MOORE, H.E. 1955. PelargonlUms in cultivation . I. Baileya 3. 1: 5-46. MULLER. T 1963. Geraniaceae. FloraZambesiaca, Vol. 2. I: 130-141}. PAPPE. L. 1868. Capen SIS Medicae Prodromus. W. Brittain. Care Town. PER SOON. C. H. 1807. SynopsIs plan tarum .... Vol. 2. J.G. Collum. Paris. POlRET. J.L.M. 1812. E ncyclopedie methodique (Dicti on nalre entyclopCdique de botanique) Supplement vol. 2, 2. ed. J.B.A.P.M. Lamarck. Chez Pancoucke. Paris. SALISBURY. R.A. 1796. Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium. J. Edmondson. London. SALTER. T.M. 1942. Some changes in nomenclature. 11 S. Afr. /Jot. 8: 278- 282. SC HELTEMA. A.G. & VAN DER WALT. J.J .A. 1990. Taxonomic revision of Pelargonium sectioJl lellkin.wlI;a (Geraniaccne). S. A{r. 1. Bol. 56: 285-302. SIMS. 1. 1802. Pelargolliwn qllinOlulII. CuniJ',f BOi. Mag. 15: 1. 547. STEUDEL. E.G. 1841 . Nomenclntor botanicus. Vol. 2. Cotta, Stuttgart. SWEET, R. 1820. Geraniaccae, Vol. I. James Ridgeway. London. SWEET. R. 1826. Geraniaceae. Vol. 4. James Ridgeway, London. VAN DER WALT, J.J.A. 1977. Pelargoniums o f Southern Africa. Vol. I. Purne ll , Cape Town. VAN DER WALT. u.A.. ALBERS, F.. GIBBY, M .• MARSCHEWSKI. D .E. & PRICE, R.A. 1995. A biosystemutic study of Pe/argolfimll section Ligufaria: I. A new section Subsucculellfia. S. Afr. 1. BOI. 61: 331-338. VAN DER WALT, J.J.A. & VORSTER, P.J. [981a. Pe!arStl/1lllms of Southern Africa, Vol. 2. JUla & Co. Cape Town . VAN DER WALT. J.J.A . & VORSTER. PJ. 19810. Miscellaneous notes on the genus Pe/argol/lllIn L' Herit. (film. Geraniaceae). BOlhalia 13: 431-433. VAN DER WALT. J.J .A. & VORSTER. P.J. 1988. Pelargoniums of Southern Africa. VoL 3. National Botanical Gardens , Cape Town. VORSTER. P. 1986. Name change: Pe/argmliltlJi Ir([it/llm (Gcraniuceae). the correct name for P. tripanillim. S, Afr. 1. B(I/. 52: 268. VORSTER. P. 1987il . The identities of PelargrmiulIl ramll.tH.(i/Jlul/l and P. tragaclllllhoides (Geraniaceae). S. A{,: J. BOI. 53: 65- 70. VORSTER, P. 1987b. Peiargoni/ll/l divisijoiium (Geraniilceae): a new species fro m Ihe soulh-western Cape Province . S. Aft: .I. BOI. 53: 71- 74. S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997. 63( I) VORSTER. P. 1996. PclargoniunJ redactul11 (Gcraniaceae): a new species from the Northern Cape Prov in ce and Namibia. S. Air. J. Bill. 62: 54-56. WEBB. W. ]I}H4. The Pelargollillm family. The species Pelargmlilln/. MII11.1'(//1U/ & SafCOC(l/l/O/l. Croom Helm. London & Sydney. 21 WILLDENOW. c.L. 1800. enroll a Linne Species Phllltarum ... Editio quarta post Reichardianum quinta. adJectis vcgelabilibus hucusque cognitis curanle. Nauk. Berlin. YU. S.N. & HORN, W. IY88. Additional chromosome numhers In Pd· argrmium (Geraniaccae). PI. SYST. El'Ohll. 159: 165- 171.