Mycol Progress (2006) 5: 120–127 DOI 10.1007/s11557-006-0507-8 ORIGINA L ARTI CLE Carlos A. Inácio . José C. Dianese Foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species from the cerrado Received: 12 December 2005 / Revised: 13 March 2006 / Accepted: 21 March 2006 / Published online: 1 June 2006 # German Mycological Society and Springer 2006 Abstract Three foliicolous fungi found on Tabebuia species are described and illustrated. Two are new hyphomycetous anamorphs, Passalora tabebuiae-ochraceae sp. nov. and Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-caraibae sp. nov. The third is Elsinoë tecomae, originally described on Tabebuia sp., and here epitypified based on material from Tabebuia heptaphylla. Taxonomical novelties include P. tabebuiaeochraceae Inácio & Dianese sp. nov., P. tabebuiae-caraibae Inácio & Dianese sp. nov. Introduction The genus Tabebuia (Bignoniaceae), previously part of Tecoma, includes a group of trees commonly known in Brazil as “ipês”. Many species from native forests are exploited, yielding high-quality hardwood utilized for farm tools and buildings, boat and house construction, and furniture, among other uses. Tabebuia trees are also commonly found in urban areas, landscapes, and gardens in Brazil due to their colorful flowering during the dry season. They are important components of the native vegetation of the Brazilian savanna, called the cerrado, the Amazonian rain forest, and the Brazilian coastal forest designated “mata atlântica” (Lorenzi 1992). Foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species from the cerrado have been considered with emphasis on ascomycetes and cercosporoid fungi (Inácio and Dianese 1998). The cercosporoid fungi from the cerrado have been the focus of a major research effort developed in Brasília (Dianese and Câmara 1994; Dianese et al. 1999; Dianese and Furlanetto 1995; Dornello-Silva and Dianese 2003, 2004; Dornello-Silva 2004; Furlanetto and Dianese 1999; Gutiérrez 2000; Inácio et al.1996; Inácio and Dianese 1998, 1999; Medeiros and Dianese 1994), resulting in the description of new taxa associated also with species in the C. A. Inácio . J. C. Dianese (*) Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil e-mail: jcarmine@unb.br Bignoniaceae (Inácio and Dianese 1995). On Tabebuia, the cercosporoid fungi have been studied continuously since the mid 1940s (Viégas 1944, Viégas 1945; Chupp 1954; Viégas 1961; Dennis 1970; Deighton 1976; Yen et al. 1982; Ferreira 1989; Guo and Hsieh 1995; Sriskantha and Sivanesan 1980; Inácio and Dianese 1995, 1998, 1999, Dianese et al. 1996). In this paper, species belonging to two cercospoid genera deserve attention, viz. Passalora Fr. and Pseudocercospora Speg. Among Cercospora-like fungi, the earliest genus Passalora, accepted by Deighton (1967) and still universally adopted (Crous and Braun 2003), had initially a strict concept accommodating hyphomycetes with internal mycelium, lacking stromata, with fasciculate conidiophores and mostly 1-septated, rarely aseptate or 2–3-septate, conidia (Deighton 1967; Ellis 1971, 1976; Medeiros and Dianese 1994). Later, the genus was practically emended to include a broader spectrum of cercosporoid fungi (Braun 1995, 1998). Thus, Crous et al. (1997) and Crous and Câmara (1998), following this last idea, included in Passalora species with stomatal or subepidermal stroma, and recently, the genus Passalora was formally emended by Crous and Braun (2003) to include several genera of cercosporoid fungi: Cercosporidium Earle, Vellosiella Rangel, Mycovellosiella Rangel, Cercodeuterospora Curzi, Ragnhildiana Solheim, Berteromyces Cif., Fulvia Cif., Oreophylla Cif., Phaeoramularia Munt.-Cvetk., Tandonella S.S. Prasad & R.A.B. Verma, and Phaeoisariopsis p.p. Thus, the genus Passalora now includes hyphomycetous anamorphs with internal primary mycelium, well developed to absent superficial secondary mycelium, and absent to well-structured stromata. The conidiophores can be solitary, loosely to densely fasciculate, or in spodorodochial or synnematous conidiomata. Conidiogenous cells are always cicatrized, with scars somewhat thickened or refractive. Conidia are solitary or catenate, in simple or branched chains, and aseptate to multiseptate. In summary, Crous and Braun (2003) adopted, as main characteristics of the genus, the presence of sympodial geniculate cicatrized conidiophores supporting generally smooth, obclavate to subcylindrical 121 conidia, never aciculate nor hyaline but usually subhyaline to light brown to olive brown, aseptate to multiseptate, with a conspicuous basal scar. On the other hand, Pseudocercospora is a well-established broad genus which differs from Passalora exclusively due to the lack of conspicuous scars on conidia and conidiophores (Deighton 1976, 1979; Braun 1998; Crous and Braun 2003). Recently, two new cercosporoid species were found in exsiccates from Herbarium UB (Mycological Collection) and are here described. The genus Elsinoë Racib. (Raciborski 1900) includes ascomycetes associated with scab lesions on fruits and leaf spots, forming stromatic ascomata, immersed to partially erumpent, with the upper part crustose when mature, absent interthecial tissue, containing bitunicate asci individually arranged in locules irregularly disposed throughout the stromata; ascospores are colorless and muriform (Kirk et al. 2001; Luttrell 1973; Arx and Müller 1975). Elsinöe tecomae Viégas, a species originally described on Tabebuia sp., is now restudied and the fungus illustrated and epitypified. Materials and methods Exsiccates of Tabebuia species, collected in cerrado natural reserves or in urban areas and deposited in Herbarium UB, were initially studied under a stereomicroscope. Fungal samples were mounted in squash preparations or sectioned in a freezing microtome for morphological studies and microphotography. In most cases the samples were stained with lacto–glycerol–cotton blue or glycerol–KOH–phloxine B and the slides sealed with nail polish. Pieces of leaves with one or more lesions showing representative samples of fruiting bodies were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after being fixed in sodium caccodylate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.1 M, containing 2% glutaraldehyde, for at least 24 h. The samples were dehydrated in an aqueous series with increasing acetone concentrations from 15, 30, 50, 75, 90, up to 100% acetone, for 15 min in each concentration. Leaf pieces were dried at the critical point and then covered by a thin layer of gold in a sputter coater for 2 min (Souza 1998), before being observed in a SEM (Jeol, model JSM 840-A E, Japan). Taxonomy Passalora tabebuiae-ochraceae Inácio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Fig. 1a–e) Type: Brasil, GO, Brasilinha, Fazenda Alto Alegre, Tabebuiae ochraceae (Cham.) Standl., leg. A. L. Lima, 11. 10. 1997. Holotype (UB mycol. col.16036). Etmology: named after the host-plant. Laesiones usque ad 50 mm diameter, epiphyllae, sparsae, centro brunneo, margine rubello-brunneo cinctae, circulares, irregulares, coalescentes. Mycelium profunde immerso in mesophyllum, hyalinum, compactum. Hyphae 2–4 μm diameter, hyalinae vel pallido-brunneae, sinuatae, septatae. Stromata 24–130×52–126 μm, brunnea, subcuticulares, intradermales, subepidermales, 30–110×40– 80 μm, erumpentia, textura angularis; cellulae angulares, brunneae, 3–10 μm diameter. Conidiophora numerosa, dense fasciculata, stromate oriunda, 10–45 (–49)×3–6 μm, macronematica, mononematica, brunnea, laevia, 0–3-septata, simplicia, erecta vel leviter sinuata; conidiomata quasi sporodochialia. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, 8–12 μm longae, vel coniophora unicellularia, polyblasticae, sympodiales, valde cicatricatae; cicatrices conidiales leviter incrassatae et fuscatae, 2–4 μm diameter. Conidia 31–75×5– 8 μm, 1–11-septata, ad septa non constricta, catenata, subcylindrica vel obclavata, laevia, hyalina, subhyalina vel pallido-brunnea, apicibus subacutis, basibus truncatis et cicatricatis leviter incrassatis et fuscatis, 2–4 μm latis. Lesions up to 50 mm in diameter, epiphyllous, brown with brown-reddish border, circular, irregular, coalescent. Mycelium deeply immersed in the mesophyll, hyaline, dense. Hyphae 2–4 μm wide, hyaline, subhyaline to pale brown, sinuous, septate, sometimes branched. Stromata 24–130×52–126 μm, brown, subcuticular, intradermal, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, textura angularis; cells angular, brown, 3–10 μm in diameter. Conidiophores 10–45 (–49)×3–6 μm, numerous, in dense almost sporodochial fascicles arising from stromata, macronematous, mononematous, brown, smooth, proliferating percurrently, 0–3-septate, straight, simple, slightly sinuous, smooth, bearing several conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrate or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, 8–12 μm, polyblastic, sympodial, with conspicuous scars, somewhat thickened and darkened, 2–4 μm in diameter. Conidia 31–75×5–8 μm, 1–11-septate, without septal constrictions, catenate, subcylindrical, obclavate, smooth, hyaline, subhyaline or light brown, with subacute apices and scarred truncate bases; scars 2–4 μm in diameter. As previously stated, Crous and Braun (2003) transferred species belonging in Phaeoramularia into Passalora because these species are clearly included in Crous and Braun’s wide concept of this genus, based on morphology and molecular data. The fungus studied is obviously a Phaeoramularia-like Passalora sensu Crous and Braun (2003), showing characteristically catenulate subcylindrical to obclavate light brown conidia formed on cicatrized sympodial conidiogenous cells. Phaeoramularia-like Passalora, meaning species with catenulate conidia, have been detected in the following bignoniaceous genera: Adenocalymma, Catalpa, Tecoma, Pyrostegia, Tecomaria, and Markhamia; however, as shown by the data in Table 1, Passalora tabebuiae-ochraceae is clearly different from all species already known on Bignoniaceae. On Tabebuia species, the only Phaeoramularia-like Passalora known is Phaeoramularia tabebuiae J.J.Muchovej & F.A.Ferreira, but this fungus also differs from the new species by forming thinner conidiophores, 2.5–3.0 μm in diameter and smaller 0–3-septate conidia at (6–) 8–30 (–34)×2.5– 3.0 μm (Muchovej and Ferreira 1981). Thus, the data shown and discussed indicate that the specimen studied 122 represents a new species, here-designated P. tabebuiaeochraceae (Fig. 1). Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-caraibae Inácio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Fig. 2a–f) Type: Brasil, GO, Parque Nacional das Emas, road to Rio Jacuba. Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Burm., leg. J. C. Dianese 3117 01 Apr 1997. Holotype (UB mycol. col. 13814), Paratype-Brasília, D.F., Viveiro II-Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital-Novacap, Asa Norte, Plano Piloto, T. caraiba (Mart.) Burm., C. A. Inácio, 09 Mar. 99 (UB mycol. col. 17435). Etmology: named after the host-plant. Laesiones usque ad 30 mm diameter, amphigenae, sparsae, rubello-brunneae, centro pallido-brunneo, margine atro-brunneo cinctae, circulares, ellipticae, irregulares, coalescentes. Coloniae amphigenae, atro-brunneae, caespitosae, sparsae. Mycelium hyalinum vel pallido-brunneum, immersum in mesophyllo; hyphae 1–4 μm diameter, septatae. Stromata 18–55×23–60 μm, brunnea, subepidermalia, erumpentia, textura angularis; cellulae angulares, brunneae, 6–10×4–8 μm diameter. Conidiophora numerosa, dense fasciculata, e stromate oriunda, (13–) 20–52×4–6 μm, macronematica, mononematica, brunnea, laevia, 0–1-septata, raro ramosa et cum proliferationibus percurrentibus, erecta vel leviter sinuata. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, vel conidiophora unicellularia, saepe terminales, polyblasticae, praecipue monoblasticae, sympodiales, geniculatae, raro percurrentes, cicatrices conidiales inconspicuae sed per microscopium electronicum manifestae. Conidia solitaria, 35–98×3–5 μm, 3–8-septata, sinuata, curvata, raro erecta, subcylindrica vel obclavata, laevia, hyalina, subhyalina vel pallido-olivacea, apice subacuto, basi truncata et non cicatricata, 1–2 μm lata. Lesions up to 30 mm in diameter, amphigenous, sparse, reddish brown with light brown center and dark brown borders, circular to elliptical, irregular, coalescent. Colonies amphigenous, dark brown, caespitose, sparse. Mycelium internal, colorless to pale brown, reaching the mesophyll. Hyphae 1–4 μm wide, colorless to pale brown, septate, branched. Stromata 18–55×23–60 μm, brown, subepidermal, erumpent, textura angularis; cells 6–10×4–8 μm Conidiophores (13) 20–52×4–6 μm, numerous, macronematous, mononematous, brown, smooth, densely caespitose, arising from stromata, 0–1septate, sometimes with percurrent proliferations, rarely branched, straight or slightly sinuous, sometimes one- Table 1 Main characteristics of Phaeoramularia-like Passalora species found on bignoniaceous hosts Phaeoramularia-like Passalora species Host species Lesions (mm) Stromata (μm) Conidiophores (μm) Conidia (μm) P. adenocalymmatisa,b Adenocalymma bullatum, 0.5–3 A. bracteatum P. adenocalymmatisc 0.5–3 40–60 deep P. catalpaea,b 1–4 Absent or up 10–125×3–5.5, to 50 rarely septate 40–120×2.5–4.5, hyaline, with indistinct septa Sometimes present 300–500 diameter 40–80 deep 35–125×3.5–6, pale olivacous to brown, multiseptate 3–80×3.5–6, subhyaline to pale olivaceous, 1–5-septate 25–170×3–4.5, pale olivaceous, 3–12-septate 35–90×5–6, olivacous to light brown, 1–6-septate 16–92.5×2.5–55.6, olivaceous pale, 1–7-septate (6) 8–30 (34)×2.5–3.2 μm P. catalparuma,b Catalpa bignonioides, C. kaempferi C. ovata, C. speciosa Catalpa longissima P. leprosaa,b Tecoma sp. Mostly indefinite or absent 0.5–1.5 P. pyrostegiaea,b Pyrostegia venusta 2.5 P. tecomariaeb Tecomaria sp. Up to 6 mm P. markhamiaed Markhamia cauda-felina 2–7 P. tabebuiaee Tabebuia serratifolia P. tabebuiae-ochraceae Tabebuiae ochraceae sp. nov. a Chupp (1954) Crous and Braun (2003) Crous and Câmara (1998) d Liu and Guo (1982) e Muchovej and Ferreira (1981) b c Up to 50 20–65×4–5.5, 0–2- 35–150×3–4.5, subhyaline to septate very pale olivacous, multiseptate Up to 100 × 25–75×4–5, 1–5- (30–100) 50–100×3.5–4 (or 3.5– up to 130 septate 4.5), (1–8) 3–8 (or 3–10)-septate 15–60 24–130× 52–126 15–70×4–7.5 40–150×5.8 constricted at septa 10–45×4–6 30–50×5–7, 1–3-septate 5–26×2.5–4 Up to 50 long× 2.5–3.2 diameter 19–45 (–49)×3–6 31–75×5–8 μm, colorless to light brown, 1–11-septate 123 Fig. 1 a–e Passalora tabebuiae-ochraceae on T. ochracea. a Symptoms on leaves. b Fasciculate conidiophores seen in SEM. c Erumpent stroma in transverse section. d Caespitose conidiophores. e Conidial chain. Scale bars: a=20 mm; b–e=10 μm Fig. 2 a–f Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-caraibae on T. caraiba. a Leaf lesions. b, c Conidiophores in SEM. d Erumpent stroma seen in transverse section. e Conidiophores with conidia on an erumpent stroma. f Conidia. Scale bars: a=10 mm; b–f=10 μm 124 celled, i.e., reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrate, polyblastic, mostly monoblastic and usually terminal, sympodial, geniculate, rarely percurrent, with inconspicuous conidiogenous loci (visible by SEM). Conidia solitary, 35–98×3–5 μm, 3–8-septate, sinuous to curved, rarely erect, subcylindrical to obclavate, smooth, colorless, subhyaline to pale olivaceous, attenuate at the apex, truncate at the base, not cicatrized. Six Pseudocercospora species have been described in association with leaf spots on Tabebuia species. The wellstructured stromata formed by Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-caraibae clearly segregate this species from the nonstromatic Pseudocercospora sordida (Sacc.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora tecomae-heterophyllae (J.M. Yen) Y.L. Guo & X.J. Liu, and Pseudocercospora oroxyligena J.M. Yen, A.K. Kar & B.K. Das (Deighton 1976; Yen et al. 1982; Guo and Hsieh 1995) (Table 2). In addition, P. sordida forms much larger conidia, 20–200×3–5 μm, and conidiophores, 20–120×3–5 μm, but the lesions, 1–7 mm wide, are smaller. Pseudocercospora tecomae- heterophyllae shows shorter conidiophores, 4–25 μm, and conidia, 20–70×2–3 μm, and lesions just 1–4 (–15) mm in diameter. In the case of P. oroxyligena, the conidia, 24–87×7–9 μm, are shorter and wider, conidiophores, 50–100×4–9 μm, are larger than those of the new species that further differed also by smaller lesions, 2–5 mm in diameter. The stromatic species Pseudocercospora stereospermicola Srisk. & Sivan. (Sriskantha and Sivanesan 1980) shows smaller stromata, 25×50 μm, and 1–10-septate conidia, 50–110 μm, besides having 1–3-septate conidiophores, 16–60 μm, which are longer and with more septa than those of the new species. On the other hand, Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae Inácio & Dianese (Inácio and Dianese 1998) shows deeper (23–77 μm deep) stromata than P. tabebuiae-caraibae, and also differs in lesion size, up to 13 mm in diameter, and shorter conidia, 12–57 μm, besides showing pale brown instead of pale olivaceous conidia. Finally, P. tabebuiae-caraibae is segregated from the stromatic species Pseudocercospora Table 2 Main characteristics of Pseudocercospora species on Bignoniaceae in comparison with those of P. caraibae Pseudocercospora species Host species P. cybistacisa,b,c 20–70×2.5–4, very pale olivaceous brown Dolichandrone platycalyx 0.5–2 Absent, or as few dark 60–300×5–6.5 30–80×4–5.5, subhyaline to brown cells very pale olivaceous T. rosea, T. pentophylla 3–20 Up to 50 diameter 40–150×5–8 30–80×3.5–6, subhyaline to very pale oivaceous brown Tecoma radicans None or Absent 20–120×3–5 20–200×3–5, pale to medium (=Campsis radicans) indefinite dark olivaceous Zeyheria digitalis 2–12 mm 60–240 diameter 58–76×4–5, 41–101×3–5, hyaline to light (=Z. Montana) 2–6 septa brown, 3–13-septate Campsis grandiflora 1–7 Absent 20–90×3.5–5, 20–165×3–5.5, light brown to 1–4 (15) 1–4-septate olivaceous, 3–15 septa Tecomaria capensis Absent 4–25×2–3, 20–70×2–3, subhyaline, 0–1-septate 3–11 septa Oroxylum indicum 2–5 Absent 50–100×4–9, 24–87×7–9, light brown 0–3-septate olive, 1–5 septa Dolichandrone platycalyx 3–10 Small 10–30×2–3.5 40–100×1.5–3, subhyaline to very pale yellowish olivaceous Stereospermum 5 25×50 16–60×3–6, 50–110×2–5, pale to light 1–3-septate olivaceous, up to 10 septa Tabebuia roseo-alba up to 13 23–77×20–65 18–58×2–5, 12–57×2–5, pale brown, 1–8 1–5-septate septa Tabebuia caraiba up to 30 18–55×23–60 13–52×4–6, up 35–98×3–5, pale olivaceous, to 3 septa 1–10 septa P. hansfodriia,b P. jahniia,b P. sordidaa,b P. zeyheriaea,d P. sordidae P. tecomae-heterophyllaef P. oroxyligenag P. dolichandronea,h P. stereospermicolag P. tabebuiae-roseo-albaei P. tabebuiae-caraibae a Cybistax antisyphilitica Chupp (1954) Crous and Braun (2003) c Hennings (1909) d Furlanetto and Dianese (1999) e Guo and Hsieh (1995) f Yen et al. (1982) g Sriskantha and Sivanesan (1980) h Deighton (1976) i Inácio and Dianese (1998) b Lesions (mm) Stromata (μm) Conidiophores (μm) 3–7 25–75 diameter 10–35×2.5–4 Conidia (μm) 125 Table 3 Main characteristics of Elsinoë species described in association with bignoniaceous hosts Elsinoë species Host species Lesions (mm) Ascomata (μm) Asci (μm) E. carolia,c Unknown Bignoniaceae ND 26–34×20–24 E. carolia,c Petastoma formosum 0.3–1.6 (up to 2 mm long along the veins) diameter, amphigenous mainly hypophyllous 1–2.5, amphigenous, slightly irregular, salient and verrucose, sometimes smooth and depressed 0.25 to 0.5 diameter, hypophyllous 1.5–3 diameter, amphigenous E. markhamiaeb Markhamia platycalyx E. tecomaec Tabebuia sp. (=Tecoma sp.) E. tecomae Tabebuia heptaphylla Up to 50, amphigenous ND 30–50 high× 50–100 diameter 40–60 high× 80–100 (25–58) 30–58 (or 30–70)× (43–120) 65–120 (or 65–127) Ascospores (μm) 18–20×7–9, 1–3 transversal septa, constricted at median septum 32–42×20–32 16–23×7–8, 4–5 transversal septa, constricted at media septum and with longitudinal septa 16–22 14–16×5–6, 1–3 transversal septa 18–22×12–15 12–13×5.5–6, muriform, constricted at median septum (18) 20–30×(13) 9–14×3–6, muriform, with 15–21 1–3 transversal and 1–2 longitudinal septa, constricted at median septum a Bitancourt and Jenkins (1941) Jenkins and Bitancourt (1946) c Viégas (1944) b dolichandrone (Chupp) Deighton, which forms smaller conidiophores, 10–30×2–3.5 μm, and conidia, 40–100× 1.5–3 μm, slightly longer than those of the new species (Deighton 1976). In conclusion, based on the data discussed and summarized in Table 2, and emphasizing the presence of characteristically curved conidia on the specimen studied, this fungus proved to represent a new species, here designated as P. tabebuiae-caraibae (Fig. 2). Fig. 3 a–e Elsinoë tabebuiae on T. heptaphylla. a Leaf spots. b, c Ascomata in transverse sections. d Asci with hyaline ascospores. e Ascospores. Scale bars: a=10 mm; b–e=10 μm Epitypification of Elsinoë tecomae (Fig. 3a–e) Elsinoë species known on Bignoniaceae are Elsinoë caroli Bitanc. & Jenkins (Bitancourt and Jenkins 1941; Viégas 1944) on Petastoma formosum, Elsinoë markhamiae Bitanc. & Jenkins on Markhamia platycalyx (Jenkins and Bitancourt 1946), and E. tecomae Viégas on Tabebuia (=Tecoma) sp. (Viégas 1944). Elsinoë caroli differs from E. tecomae due to smaller leaf lesions, up to 2.5 mm in 126 diameter, larger asci, 32–42×20–32 μm, and ascospores, 16–23×7–9 μm; E. markhamiae is also different because its ascomata are smaller, 30–50×50–100 μm, and the asci wider, 16–22 μm (Table 3). The holotype of E. tecomae is deposited in the IACM Herbarium in Campinas, Brazil. However, due to a lack of satisfactory fungal material on the holotype, which now cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name, and in the absence of other type specimens, a comparison with a new collection of the same fungus on Tabebuia heptaphylla became impossible. Thus, an epitype is now designated, described and preserved in the fungal collection deposited in Herbarium UB. Elsinoë tecomae Viégas, Bragantia 4: 15–16, 1944. Type: Brasil: Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Estação Experimental de Agricultura, on living leaves of Tecoma sp., 27 May 1940, C. T. Almeida, 192 (IACM 3988, holotype), devoid of any fructification. Distrito Federal, Brasília, Ponte do Bragueto, Final Eixo Rodoviário Norte, Plano Piloto, on living leaves of T. heptaphylla (Velll.) Tol., 11 Dec 1995, C. A. Inácio, 441 (UB mycol. col. 10.553, epitype), proposed here. Lesions up to 50 mm in diameter, initially dark brown to purple, amphigenous, irregular, circular to elliptical, becoming grayish and whitish at maturity with purple borders. Mycelium internal, hyaline to pale brown. Hyphae 2–4 μm wide, hyaline to pale brown, septate, straight or sinuous, sometimes branched, deeply penetrating the mesophyll and growing laterally infecting the epidermal cells. Ascomata (25–) 30–58 (–70)×43 (–65) –120 (–127) μm, stromatic, dark brown, epiphyllous, intraepidermal to erumpent, multilocular, with locules in irregular layers surrounded by a brown-celled pseudoparenchymatous tissue with textura angularis; cells 3–9 μm in diameter. Asci (18–) 20–30×(13–) 15–21 μm, broadly clavate, subglobose to globose, short pedicelate, bitunicate, initially thickened at the upper part, sometimes with a subapical chamber, eightspored. Ascospores 9–14×3–6 μm, colorless, smooth, transversely 1–3-septate, becoming muriform with 1–2 longitudinal septa, constricted at median septum, multiseriate or irregularly arranged in the asci. Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Oswaldo Paradela Filho for the loan of Elsinoë material and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazilian National Research Council) for a research fellowship to the second author. The senior author thanks the University of Brasília for a visiting professorship. References Arx ja von, Müller e (1975) A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Stud Mycol 9:1–159 Bitancourt AA, Jenkins A (1941) Treze novas espécies de “Elsinoë” do Brasil. 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