Accept ed Ar tic le Annotated Checklist of Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for the Indian subcontinent A.S. Deshpande1, S. Krishnan1, M.K. Janarthanam1 and B.R. Maslin2 1 Faculty of Life Sciences & Environment, Department of Botany, Goa University, India 2 Western Australian Herbarium, Perth, Australia & (Honorary Research Associate) Corresponding author: A.S. Deshpande, Faculty of Life Sciences & Environment, Department of Botany, Goa University, India. E-mail: anoopdesh@gmail.com Decision date: 14-Dec-2018 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: [10.1111/njb.02047]. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le ABSTRACT. An annotated checklist of Senegalia Raf. and Vachellia Wight & Arn. taxa for the Indian subcontinent is presented following the fragmentation and retypification of the former broadly defined genus Acacia Mill. The countries encompassed by this study include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. All indigenous species (and a few introductions) in this region belong to Senegalia and Vachellia. All Acacia sensu stricto taxa are introduced (principally from Australia) and are not included in the study. There are 22 species of Senegalia (21 indigenous, 1 introduced; representing 23 taxa) and 21 species of Vachellia (12 indigenous, 9 introduced; representing 27 taxa) currently recognized for the subcontinent. The largest country, India, has most species. This checklist complements that which was recently provided for these genera in Southeast Asia and China (Maslin 2015). Two names formerly recorded for the Indian subcontinent are excluded, namely, Senegalia intsia (L.) Maslin is a nomen confusum and Acacia pennata subsp. hainanensis (Hayata) I. C. Nielsen is now known to be restricted to southern China and Vietnam. Acacia eriantha Desv. is an unresolved name. The following new combinations are made herein: Senegalia tanjorensis (Ragup., Thoth. & A.Mahad.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin, Vachellia campbellii (Arn.) A.S.Deshpande, & Maslin and V. pseudowightii (Thoth.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin. A lectotype has been selected for Acacia pennata var. canescens Graham ex Kurz (=Senegalia pennata (L.) Maslin). Keywords. Indian subcontinent, nomenclature, Senegalia, Vachellia. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Introduction In recent years there have been substantial changes to both the taxonomy and nomenclature of the group formerly known as Acacia Mill. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from the Indian subcontinent. There are two main reasons for these changes. Firstly, molecular and other evidence has shown that the formerly broadly circumscribed, pantropical genus Acacia is polyphyletic and should be treated as comprising at least seven genera, namely, Acacia Mill. sensu stricto, Acaciella Britton & Rose, Mariosousa Seigler & Ebinger, Parasenegalia Seigler & Ebinger, Pseudosenegalia Seigler & Ebinger, Senegalia Raf. and Vachellia Wight & Arn. (Miller and Seigler 2012, Seigler et al. 2017). Secondly, the name Acacia is now conserved with a new type (McNeill and Turland, 2011), the Australian species A. penninervis Sieber ex DC. replacing the Afro-Asian species, A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile. These two factors have had global repercussions as discussed and summarized in Maslin (2015). Insofar as the Indian subcontinent is concerned all the indigenous species formerly called Acacia are now accommodated within the genera Senegalia and Vachellia. Acacia sensu stricto does occur in the region but these species are all introductions, principally from Australia. The purpose of this paper is to provide a listing of currently accepted names within Senegalia and Vachellia (both native and introduced) for the Indian subcontinent, showing synonymy and distribution for each taxon. This information complements that which was recently provided for these genera in Southeast Asia and China (Maslin, 2015). Some of the more obvious gross morphological features that distinguish Senegalia and Vachellia on the Indian subcontinent are given below. These two large genera have very similar pan-tropical distributions with partially different centres of species richness as shown on WorldWideWattle (web ref. 1). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Senegalia. Stipules not spinescent, caducous, generally inconspicuous; prickles (recurved or straight) present between nodes or sometimes at or near nodes, short (0.5–6 (–10) mm long); leaves on mature branches single (never fascicled); peduncles without involucre. Trees, shrubs or lianas. Vachellia. Stipules spinescent, straight, paired at nodes and generally prominent (mostly c. 5–70 mm long); prickles absent; leaves on mature branches fascicled in nodose clusters (except single in Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger); peduncles with an involucre of small bracts (normally located near or below middle of peduncle, rarely at apex in which case the bracts can be hidden by the stamens at anthesis). Trees or shrubs (never lianas). In this paper, we recognize 21 indigenous species (representing 23 taxa) of Senegalia and 12 indigenous species (representing 18 taxa) of Vachellia for the Indian subcontinent. Additionally there are 10 introduced species, one for Senegalia and nine for Vachellia. As shown in Table 1, India has by far the highest numbers which is probably not surprising given it is the largest country in the region. The other countries have similar numbers of both genera except that Pakistan has an elevated number of Vachellia (11 indigenous taxa) and the small island nation of Maldives has no indigenous species of either genus. There are a total of 14 endemic taxa recorded for the subcontinent, seven Senegalia and seven Vachellia. Methods Arrangement of text. In the Checklist below, indigenous species are listed first, followed by introduced ones; in both cases species are arranged alphabetically under Senegalia, then Vachellia. Excluded names are presented at the end. Accepted names (indigenous taxa). Accepted names for taxa that we regard as good taxonomic entities are given in bold italics in the Checklist below. These taxa are based ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le on those presented in Sanjappa (1992), Chakrabarty and Gangopadhyay (1996), Kumar and Sane (2003), Roskov (2005) and Ali (2014), supplemented by our own investigations. Because of on-going research by the first and last authors, it is likely that a few taxa will be added to the flora of the Indian subcontinent in the future, principally in the S. caesia and S. pennata complexes (see notes in Checklist below). Synonymy. Only synonyms relevant to the Indian subcontinent are included, i.e. names based on material collected from the region and/or attributed to the region in recent, past literature, namely, Sanjappa (1992), Chakrabarty and Gangopadhyay (1996), Kumar and Sane (2003), the ILIDS database (Roskov et al. 2005) and Ali (2014). Type citations. In cases where types have not been seen by us or by previous authors, the type citation from the protologue is presented in double quotes. Abbreviations. Author abbreviations follow those given in IPNI (web ref. 2). Geographical scope. The geographic coverage of this contribution is the Indian subcontinent and includes the following countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Distribution citations. For each taxon its distribution for the Indian subcontinent is shown first, followed by occurrences outside the region if these exist. India is the only country for which a more refined (State-based) distribution is also provided. Unless otherwise stated, distributions represent native occurrences. Suspect or otherwise uncertain records are preceded by a question mark (?); these records require further investigation. Distribution records are based on published sources (most notably the ILDIS database, cf. Roskov et al., 2005, and Ali, 2014), supplemented by our own herbarium, field and literature investigations. Data sources that validate most distribution records presented ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le here are shown on WorldWideWattle (web ref. 3). In some cases additional validating references are provided in Roskov et al. (2005). Introduced taxa. Taxa recorded as introduced to the Indian subcontinent in relatively recent literature (namely, Sanjappa, 1992; Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay, 1996; Kumar & Sane, 2003; Ali, 2014) are uncritically included here. Checklist A. Indigenous species Senegalia Raf. (1838 p. 119). Based on the same type: Acacia subg. Aculeiferum Vassal (1972 p. 138). Type species: Mimosa senegal L. (vide Britton & Rose, 1928 p. 106) –Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton [Senegalia triacantha Raf., nom. illeg.]) Senegalia andamanica (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 40). Basionym: Acacia andamanica I.C.Nielsen (1980 p. 354). Based on the same type: Acacia pseudointsia var. ambigua Prain (1897 p. 249, 511). Type: Andaman Island, King's collector s.n. (lectotype, designated by Nielsen 1980, p. 34; isolectotype CAL). Misapplied name: Acacia pseudointsia sens. C.E. Parkinson (1923 p. 159) non Miq. Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (South & Little Andaman Is.). Southeast Asia: Thailand. Senegalia caesia (L.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 40). Basionym: Mimosa caesia L. (1753 p. 522). Based on the same type: – Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1090). – Acacia intsia var. caesia (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Baker (1878 p. 297). – Acacia caesia var. caesia. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Type: Ceylon. Hernann 217 BM000594612. (lectotype, designated by Rico in Turland & Jarvis 1997 p. 475) [Note: Kostermans (in Dassanayake, 1980: 481) and Nielsen (1980: 348) both indicated an element in Herb. Hermann (BM) as the lectotype, but it is unclear precisely which of the relevant specimens was meant. The Rico lectotypification follows those authors but restricts their choice to the most suitable specimen. (fide Jarvis 2007 p. 673)]. Taxonomic synonyms:– Mimosa sarmentosa Pers. (1806 p. 266). – Acacia sarmentosa (Pers.) Desv. (1814 p. 70). Type: No type cited, but based on a cultivated plant [in Jardin des Plantes, Paris], [Note. Although Acacia sarmentosa had hitherto often been confounded with the American species Acacia riparia Kunth (fide Seigler et al. 2006 p. 67–68), it is conspecific with Senegalia caesia (D. Seigler, pers. comm. 2015)]. – Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Benth. (1842 p. 514). – A. intsia var. oxyphylla (Graham ex Benth.) Baker (1878 p. 297). Type: Wallich Numer. List no. 5252 A (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, K-W; fide Nielsen 1980 p. 348). – Acacia columnaris Craib (1915 p. 410). Type: India; South Kanara, near Mangalore, undated Hohenacker 1643 (holotype K; isotype BM; fide Nielsen 1980 p. 348). – Acacia oxyphylla var. subnuda Craib (1928 p. 550). – A. caesia var. subnuda (Craib) I.C.Nielsen (1980 p. 348) nom. illeg. (superfluous). Type: Thailand. Lampang, Mê Salop, 25 Oct. 1925, Winit 1463 (holotype K; isotypes ABD, BKF, C; fide Nielsen 1980 p. 348). Misapplied names: – Mimosa intsia sensu. Roxb. (1832 p. 565) non L. – Acacia intsia sensu. Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 278). auct. non (L.) Willd. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Nomen nudum: Acacia oxyphylla Graham in Wallich (1831–32, list no. 5252). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Sri Lanka. East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes Senegalia caesia is a member of a variable and complex group. Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) adopted a broad concept of A. (Senegalia) caesia, including within its synonymy a number of entities that are regarded here as distinct species of Senegalia, namely, S. diadenia, S. gageana and S. torta. See also Senegalia intsia under Excluded names below. Current studies by the first author are assessing the taxonomic status of the entities described as Acacia columnaris and A. oxyphylla (syn. A. caesia var. oxyphylla and A. caesia var. subnuda). Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.Hurter & Mabb. (2008 p. 1021). Basionym: Mimosa catechu L.f. (1782 p. 439). Based on the same type: Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., (1806 p. 1079). Type: India, J.G.Koenig s.n. (lectotype LINN 1228/23, designated by Hurter & Mabberley loc. cit.). Taxonomic synonyms: Acacia wallichiana DC. (1825 p. 458). – Acacia catechu var. wallichiana (DC.) P.C.Huang (1985 p. 5–6). Type: "In India orientali Stam. 20-25. (v.s). ex Hort. Calc.)". ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le – Mimosa catechuoides Roxb. (1832 p. 562). – Acacia catechuoides (Roxb.) Benth. (1842 p. 510). [Note: The entry Acacia catechu var. catechuoides (Roxb.) Prain (1897 p. 508) was cited in Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996 p. 607) but it does not appear in Prain’s publication; see note in Maslin (2012) concerning Prain’s treatment.]. Type: Unknown (not cited in protologue). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal, Pakistan. Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Thailand – uncertain if native or introduced. Introduced: Recorded by Maslin (2015) as introduced in Indonesia, Mauritius, Philippines, Ryuku Islands, Taiwan and Vietnam, but uncertain if these are Senegalia catechu or S. chundra; Maslin (2015) also recorded S. catechu for China but these plants are S. chundra. Notes Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated Acacia chundra as conspecific with A. catechu whereas Sanjappa (1992) and Kshirsagar (2012) regarded them as distinct species. As discussed by Kshirsagar (2012) there has been much confusion in the past concerning these two closely related species. Senegalia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottler) Maslin (2012 p. 466). Basionym: Mimosa chundra Roxb. ex Rottler (1803 p. 207). Based on the same type: – Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Röttler) Willd. (1806 p. 1078). Type: India, W.Roxburgh s.n. (CAL0000012934), (designated by Chakrabarty and Gangopadhyay (1996 p. 606). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Taxonomic synonyms: Mimosa sundra Roxb. (1811 p. 19, t. 225). – Acacia sundra (Roxb.) DC. (1825 p. 458). – Acacia catechu var. sundra (DC.) Kurz (1877 p. 296). – Acacia catechu subsp. sundra (Roxb.) Roberty (1948 p. 157). [Note: The entry Acacia catechu var. sundra (DC.) Prain (1897 p. 508) was cited in Sanjappa (1992) but Prain did not make the combination in that publication, see Maslin 2012 for discussion.]. Type: “Forests and mountains of Coromandel”, Pl. Coromandel 3: t. 225 (iconotype designated by Ross 2001 p. 208). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Pondicherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. Introduced: Australia (Northern Territory), China and Reunion Is. It is possible that most or all of the introductions recorded for Senegalia catechu above refer to plants of S. chundra. Notes In the past this species has often been considered conspecific with Acacia (Senegalia) catechu: see above. Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated A. chundra and A. sundra as conspecific with A. (Senegalia) catechu; however, these names are now both referable to S. chundra. Despite their similar-sounding epithets, Mimosa chundra and M. sundra were independent descriptions based on different types, fide Maslin (2012). Senegalia diadenia (R.Parker) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 175). Basionym: Acacia diadenia R.Parker (1929 p. 332). Type: India. Assam, Cachar Dist., Kookicherra, August 1903, Mokim s.n. (lectotype CAL 140559; isotypes: CAL, DD; fide Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay 1996 p.604). Note: Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 604) treated CAL 140559 as holotype, but ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le this is corrected here to lectotype in accordance with Art. 9.9 of the Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Assam) and possibly Nepal. The one specimen seen from Nepal (G.Panigrahi 16917, CAL) is unusual and has some characters suggesting it may be the closely related Senegalia tonkinensis (I.C. Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger from Southeast Asia. Further study is required. Notes Although Sanjappa (1992), Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) recognized Acacia diadenia as a distinct species, Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) considered it conspecific within a broadly circumscribed A. (Senegalia) caesia. Senegalia donaldii (Haines) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 175). Basionym: Acacia donaldii Haines (1914 p. 224), as "donaldi". Type: Madhya Pradesh, Haines 2436 & 2438 (K); Sagar dist., Saleh Reserve, Nov. 1914 & Aug. 1916, Witt 98 (CAL); Jubbalpur Dist., July & December 1901, Hole 11 (CAL); Orissa, Sambalpur, July 1917, Haines 4721 (CAL) (fide Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay, 1996 p. 621). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh). Notes Although Sanjappa (1992), Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) recognized Acacia donaldii as a distinct species, Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) considered it conspecific within a broadly circumscribed A. (Senegalia) pennata. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Senegalia ferruginea (DC.) Pedley (1986 p. 250). Basionym: Acacia ferruginea DC. (1825 p. 458). Type: India, in Coromandelia, H.B.C. [Hort. Bot. Calcutta], Roxburgh s.n., Roxburgh Icon no 124-495 (CAL); fide Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay, J. Econ. Tax. Botany (1996 P. 20) Taxonomic synonym: Mimosa ferruginea Roxb. (1832 p. 561) non Rottler (1803). nom. illeg. Type: “Native of the mountains parts of the country”. Nomen nudum: Mimosa ferruginea Roxb. (1814 p. 41). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka , Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. Senegalia gageana (Craib) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2013 p. 40). Basionym: Acacia gageana Craib (1915 p. 409–410). Type: India, Sikkim, J.D. Hooker s.n. (holotype K; isotype CAL; fide Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay 1996 p. 604). Nomen nudum: Acacia alliacea Buch.-Ham. in Wallich (1831–32, list no. 5258). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal, Pakistan. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. Notes Acacia gageana was treated as a distinct species by Parker (1929) and Sanjappa (1992) but Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) regarded it as conspecific within a broadly circumscribed A. (Senegalia) caesia. The taxonomic status of this species which is ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le seemingly closely allied to Senegalia torta needs to be reassessed; these two entities are members of the S. caesia group (see above). Senegalia hohenackeri (Craib) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 175). Basionym: Acacia hohenackeri Craib (1915 p. 408). Type: India, Nilghiris Khundas Range, R.F.Hohenacker 1602 BM000946891 (lectotype, designated by Deshpande et al.2018 p. 131). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu). Senegalia insuavis (Lace) Pedley (2014 p. 314). Basionym: Acacia insuavis Lace (1915 p. 401). Based on the same type:–Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. subsp. insuavis (Lace) I.C. Nielsen (1980 p. 353). – Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis (Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 42). Type: Myanmar. Ani Sakan, near Maymyo, 18 May 1913, J.H.Lace 6173 (holotype E; isotype K; fide Nielsen 1980 p. 353). Note: Pedley, 2014 p. 314 incorrectly regarded the K specimen as holotype. Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, ?Sikkim, ?West Bengal). Further study is needed to determine if this species occurs naturally in India. Sanjappa 2000 [unpublished ms cited in Roskov et al. 2005] record it (under Acacia pennata subsp. insuavis) as introduced in Gujarat and Maharashtra; Sanjappa also recorded it as introduced in Goa but it does not occur in that State. Specimens at CAL ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le show Senegalia insuavis from Andhra Pradesh and possibly Sikkim & West Bengal, but without further study it is not possible to know if these specimens are correctly identified or if they represent native or introduced occurrences. East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Laos (uncertain if native or introduced), Myanmar. Introduced: Australia (Northern Territory & Queensland), Cambodia, Singapore, Thailand, U.S.A. (Florida). Note Following study by the last author, we have decided to accept this taxon as a distinct species, rather than as a subspecies of Senegalia pennata (see note below under this species). Senegalia lankaensis (Kosterm.) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 175). Basionym: Acacia lankaensis Kosterm. (1979 p. 253). Type: Sri Lanka, Roadside Madugoda to Mahiyangana, intermediate zone, c. 400 m, August [year not given], A.J.G.H.Kostermans 25426 (holotype L; isotypes A, BO, G, K, PDA, US; fide Kostermans (loc. cit.). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in Sri Lanka. Senegalia lenticularis (Buch.-Ham ex Benth.) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 175). Basionym: Acacia lenticularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. (1842 p. 508). Type: North West India, without date, Royle 196, K000791169 (lectotype, designated by Deshpande et al. 2018 p. 132). Nomen nudum: Acacia lenticularis Buch.-Ham. in Wallich (1831–32, list no. 5244). Distribution ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent, occurring in India (Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal. Senegalia megaladena (Desv.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 41). Basionym: Acacia megaladena Desv. (1814 p. 69). Type: ‘Inde orientale’, Desvaux (holotype P; fide Nielsen 1980 p. 350). Taxonomic synonym: Acacia arrophula D. Don (1824 [dated ‘1825’] p. 247). – Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. var. arrophula (D. Don) Baker (1878 p. 298). Type: Nepal. 1821, Wallich Numer. List no. 5257 (holotype K; isotype BM; fide Nielsen, 1980 p. 350). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal. East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia (Java), Laos, ?Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes Acacia megaladena was regarded as a synonym within a broadly circumscribed A. (Senegalia) pennata by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) but was treated as a distinct species by Sanjappa (1992), which is what is done here. Senegalia megaladena as currently circumscribed comprises three varieties (see Maslin et al. 2013 and Maslin 2015), var. megaladena and var. garrettii (both of which are recorded below for the Indian subcontinent) and var. indochinensis (I.C. Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (recorded for China and SE Asia). This species in Southeast Asia and China is currently under review (Maslin, unpublished data). Senegalia megaladena var. megaladena (Blumea 58: 41. 2013). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Based on the same type: Acacia megaladena var. megaladena (Adansonia sér. 2, 1980 p. 351). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, ?Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, ?Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, South Andaman Is., Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. This distribution for var. megaladena is substantially different from that given in Roskov et al. (2005) because many records under Acacia pennata in that work are now known to apply to Senegalia megaladena. Also, the records of this variety for China and Southeast Asia in Maslin (2015) are mostly uncertain and are currently under review (Maslin, unpublished data).] Senegalia megaladena var. garrettii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 41). Basionym: Acacia megaladena var. garrettii I.C.Nielsen (1980 p. 351). Type: Thailand. Doi Chawm Hot, Doi Chom Hot, Phrao District, Chiang Mai Province, 13 June 1941, H.B.G.Garrett 1239 (holotype K; isotypes ABD, E; fide Nielsen (loc. cit.) Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (?West Bengal, Mizoram, Sikkim). East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Thailand. Note This entity is currently under review by the last author and is likely to be afforded species status in the future. Senegalia modesta (Wall.) P.Hurter in Mabberley. (2008 p. 1021). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Basionym: Acacia modesta Wall. (1831 p. 27, t. 130). Type: India, cultivated in Calcutta Botanic Garden, Anonymous in Herb. E India Co. 5230A (lectotype K-W, designated by Chakrabarty & Gandopadhyay 1996 p. 618). Taxonomic synonyms: Mimosa dumosa Roxb. (1832 p. 559). – Acacia dumosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 274). Type: H.B.C. [Hort. Bot. Calcutta], W.Roxburgh s.n. (CAL); fide Chakrabarty and Gandopadhyay, 1996 p. 618. – Mimosa obovata Roxb. (1832 p. 561). Type: Unknown. Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Pakistan. Southeast Asia: ?Myanmar. West Asia: Afghanistan. Senegalia pennata (L.) Maslin (2012 p. 466). Basionym: Mimosa pennata L. (1753 p. 522). Based on the same type: Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1090). Type: Sri Lanka, Herb. Hermann 3: 7, No. 216 (lectotype 2nd step BM [barcode000621813 & 000621815], designated by Nielsen, 1981 p. 66). Note. This Hermann sheet was identified in Jarvis (2007) as BM [barcode 000594649], however, that number is no longer on the sheet. Instead the sheet has barcode numbers 00621813 and 000621815 associated with the two specimens of Hermann 216 mounted thereon. These two specimens clearly represent the same taxon, and are regarded here as together comprising the lectotype of M. pennata. This name was first lectotypified by Brenan & Exell (1957 p. 101). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Taxonomic synonyms: Acacia pennata var. canescens Graham ex Kurz (1877 [dated ‘1876’] p. 298). – Acacia canescens (Graham ex Kurz) Gamble (1919 p. 429). Type: Myanmar, Pagahm Mew, 25 September 1826, N.Wallich in Wallich Numer. List no. 5256, K-W001120302 (lectotype, designated here; isolectotype K-W001120303). – Acacia pennata var. canescens Graham ex Baker (1897 p. 298) non Graham ex Kurz (1877) nom. illeg. Type: Wallich Numer. List no. 5256 (i.e. same type as A. pennata var. canescens Graham ex Kurz.). Notes Current indications are that Senegalia pennata sens. str. is restricted to India and Sri Lanka and does not contain infraspecific taxa. Nevertheless, three subspecies have been recorded for this species in India in the past, namely, Senegalia pennata subsp. pennata, S. pennata subsp. insuavis and S. pennata subsp. kerrii (fide Maslin 2015). Except for subsp. insuavis (see Senegalia insuavis above) these entities are listed below as subspecies, but it is likely that they will be recognized as distinct species in the future (Maslin, unpublished data). Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) adopted a broad concept of Acacia pennata, including within its synonymy two entities that are here regarded as distinct species of Senegalia, namely, Acacia megaladena (syn. Senegalia megaladena) and A. donaldii (syn. S. donaldii). Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) also included Acacia pennata var. canescens Graham ex Kurz (syn. A. canescens (Graham ex Kurz) Gamble) within their concept of A. pennata; preliminary herbarium studies suggest this entity may represent a distinct species confined to NE India (Sikkim) and Myanmar, further investigation is needed to elucidate this matter. Presently we are uncertain of the identity of Acacia canescens var. albida and A. canescens var. fulva (both described without type being cited) but have provisionally ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le followed Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (l.c.) in regarding these names as synonyms of S. pennata. Senegalia pennata subsp. pennata (Blumea 2013 p. 41). Based on the same type: Acacia pennata subsp. pennata (Adansonia sér. 2, 1980 p. 351.). Taxonomic synonym: Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. var. heyneana Benth. (1842 p. 516). Type: Hort. Heyne in Wallich Numer. List no. 5253A (lectotype designated by Subhedar, 1989 p. 86 who failed to cite herbarium of lodgement). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Probably endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Andhra Pradesh, ?Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, ?Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, ?North & South Andaman, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka. In India it mostly occurs in the more southerly States; the only northern record is for Sikkim which is noted above under Senegalia pennata above in connection with Acacia canescens. Senegalia pennata subsp. pennata was incorrectly recorded for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar & Nepal by Maslin (2015). Southeast Asia: Thailand (?introduced). Note See discussion under Senegalia pennata above. Senegalia pennata subsp. kerrii (I.C. Nielsen) Maslin (2012 p. 467). Basionym: Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. subsp. kerrii I.C.Nielsen (1980 p. 353). Type: Thailand. Chiang Rai, Mae Suai, 25 July 1967, K.Bunchuai & B.Nimanong 1430 (holotype K; isotypes: BKF, C, E, P; fide Maslin 2012 p. 467). Distribution ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Indian Subcontinent: ?Bhutan, India (Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal: the identity of these records require confirmation, some at least may be S. megaladena var. garrettii), ?Nepal, ?Sri Lanka. Australia: Queensland. East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Note This entity is currently under review by the last author (Maslin, unpublished data) and as already noted, it is likely to be afforded species status in the future. Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger (2009 p. 28). Basionym: Acacia polyacantha Willd. (1806 p. 1079–1080). Based on the same type: Mimosa suma Roxb. (1832 p. 563), non Mimosa polyacantha Willd. (1806) [This nom. nov. of Roxburgh was based on Acacia polyacantha; a new name under Mimosa was needed because of M. polyacantha Willd. (1806) (syn. M. pigra L.)]. – Acacia suma (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt (1845 p. 260) nom. illeg. (superfluous). – Acacia suma (Roxb.) Kurz (1874 p. 187). – Senegalia suma (Roxb.) Britton & Rose (1928 p. 113) nom. illeg. (superfluous). Type: Eastern India. Roxburgh in Herb. Willdenow B-W19166 (holotype B; isotype K (fragment); fide Brenan (1956 p. 195) and Ross (1979 p. 73). Nomum nudum:– Mimosa suma Roxb. (1814 p. 41). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India, Sri Lanka – probably. Africa: See Ross (1979). Indian Ocean: Madagascar. Introduced: Caribbean, Mauritius, Peru. Notes ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Sanjappa (1992) and Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated Acacia (Senegalia) polyacantha as conspecific with A. (Senegalia) catechu but as discussed by Kshirsagar (2012) it is a distinct species. Senegalia polyacantha comprises two subspecies with the typical one occurring in India and probably Sri Lanka; S. polyacantha subsp. campylacantha (Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr. occurs in Africa. Senegalia polyacantha (Willd) Seigler & Ebinger subsp. polyacantha (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 509. 2013). Based on the same type: Acacia polyacantha Willd. subsp. polyacantha (Kew Bull. 11: 1956 p. 195). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Delhi, West Bengal) and probably Sri Lanka – not recorded for Sri Lanka by Kostermans (1980) but probably occurs there according to Ross (1979). Senegalia pruinescens (Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 41). Basionym: Acacia pruinescens Kurz (1877 p. 296, 298). Type: Myanmar. Poneshee, 26 April 1868, D.J.Anderson s.n. (lectotype CAL, designated by Nielsen 1980 p. 355). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura). East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Vietnam. Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose (1928 p. 120). Basionym: Mimosa rugata Lam. (1783 p. 20). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Based on the same type: Acacia rugata (Lam.) Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt (1845 p. 263) non Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. (1842) nom illeg. – Acacia rugata (Lam.) Buch.-Ham. ex Merr. (1910 p. 28). – Acacia rugata (Lam.) Buch.-Ham. ex Fawc. & Rendle (1920 p. 141). Type: India. comm. Sonnerat s.n., P-LA P00297138 specimen ex herb. Lamarck (fide Seigler et. al. 2014 p. 103). Taxonomic synonyms: Mimosa sinuata Lour. (1790 p. 653). –Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. (1935 p. 186) non Jacques (1860) nom. illeg [The identity of Acacia sinuata is somewhat uncertain, but in the past this name had commonly been treated as a synonym of Acacia (Senegalia) rugata.]. Type: Unknown. [Note: Although no type was cited in protologue the provenance was given as ‘Habitat in sylvis Cochinchinae’]. – Mimosa concinna Willd. (1806 p. 1039). – Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. (1825 p. 464). – Acacia rugata var. concinna (Willd.) Kurz (1877 p. 297). Type: “Inde orientale,” Klein s.n. (holotype B-W; fide Nielsen (1980 p. 349). – Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. (1842 p. 514). – Acacia concinna var. rugata Buch.-Ham. ex Baker (1878 p. 297). – Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. ex Gamble (1919 p. 429) non (Lam.) Merr. (1910) isonym [Gamble’s name was based (indirectly) on Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.]. – Acacia gamblei Bahadur & R.C.Gaur (1976 p. 67) nom. illeg. (superfluous). Type: Buchanan-Hamilton, Wallich Numer. List no. 5251 (holotype K-W; fide Nielsen 1985 p. 12). Nomen nudum: Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. in Wallich, Numer. List n. 5251 (1831–32). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, North & South Andaman, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal. East Asia: China. Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced: Australia (Queensland), Brazil, Caribbean, Japan, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion Island, Singapore. Notes Under Acacia this species in the past was normally called A. concinna (e.g. Sanjappa 1992), but Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated it as a synonym of Acacia sinuata (a dubious name probably based on material collected from Vietnam). Nielsen (1980) noted that Gamble (1919) recognized two species while Baker (1878) and Kurz (1877) two varieties within what is here called Senegalia rugata; however, Nielsen (1980) treated all these names under the one species, Acacia concinna (syn. S. rugata). Further study is needed to assess the taxonomic status of this species across its wide geographic range. Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton (1930 p. 538). Basionym: Mimosa senegal L. (1753 p. 521). Based on the same type: Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1077). Type: Senegal. Herb. Adanson No. 16899 (neotype P, designated by Ross 1975 p. 451). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan. Africa: see Ross (1979). Arabian Peninsula: Oman. Introduced: China, Caribbean, Ryuku Is., Taiwan.] Notes ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Four varieties are recognized for this species in Africa, var. senegal, var. kerensis (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., var. leiorachis (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr. and var. rostrata (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr. However, previous authors have not indicated which variety occurs in either India or Pakistan. While we can confirm that var. senegal occurs in parts of southern India, the infraspecific identity of plants from elsewhere in India and from Pakistan are unknown; this matter requires further investigation. Senegalia tanjorensis (Ragup., Thoth. & A.Mahad.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin, comb. nov. Basionym: Acacia tanjorensis Ragup., Thoth. & A.Mahad. (1990 p. 751). Based on the same type: Vachellia tanjorensis (Ragup., Thoth. & A.Mahad.) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177). Type: India. Kodiakkarai, Thanjavur District, 3 Feb. 1987, S.Ragupathy 264 (holotpe MH; isotype S.Ragupathy 264A CAL; fide Ragupathy et al. (loc. cit.). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Tamil Nadu). Notes Acacia tanjorensis was accepted by Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) as a distinct species but Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated it as conspecific with A. (Senegalia) modesta. Ragupathy et al. (2014) erroneously combined the name under Vachellia. Senegalia torta (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 42). Basionym: Mimosa torta Roxb. (1832 p. 566). Based on the same type: Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib, (1915 p. 410). – Senegalia torta (Roxb.) Ali (2014 p. 4). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Type: "A native of the mountains of Coromandel", Roxburgh drawing n. 1865 (iconotype K, designated by Nielsen 1980 p. 360). Taxonomic synonym: Albizia sikharamensis Sahni & Bennet (1975 p. 337). Type: India. Sikharam, on way to Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh, 15 December 1967, K.N.Subramanian 3281A (holotype DD; isotype K.N.Subramanian 3281B FRC); fide Sahni & Bennett (loc. cit.). Misapplied names: Acacia caesia sensu. Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 278) non (L.) Willd. (1806) – Acacia pennata sensu. Baker (1878 p. 297). non (L.) Willd. (1806). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Pakistan. Southeast Asia: ?Myanmar. Notes Although Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated Acacia (Senegalia) torta as conspecific with A. (Senegalia) caesia, Parker (1929), Nielsen (1985a), Sanjappa (1992), Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) recognized it as a distinct species, as is done here. Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) regarded the type of Albizia sikharamensis as being a fruiting specimen of A. torta; in the absence of having seen this type, we accepted this interpretation. Vachellia Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 272). Type species: Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Taxonomic synonyms: Delaportea Thorel ex Gagnep. (1911 p. 117). Type species: Delaportea armata Thorel ex Gagnep. (syn. Vachellia harmandiana (Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le – Nimiria Prain ex Craib (1927 p. 393). Type species: Nimiria siamensis Craib (syn. Vachellia siamensis (Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger). Vachellia bolei (R.P.Subhedar) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 21). Basionym: Acacia bolei R.P.Subhedar (1985 p. 440) replacement name. – Acacia wightii Baker ex Benth. (1875 p. 506) non Wight & Arn. (1834) nom. illeg. Based on the same type: Vachellia wightii Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177) nom. illeg. (superfluous). Type: India. Travancore, sea coast, Tinnevelly District, June 1835, R.Wight 896, K000791143 (lectotype 2nd step, designated by Deshpande et al. 2018 p. 134. 2018). [Note: Initial lectotypification by Subhedar 1985 p. 440.] Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu). Vachellia campbellii (Arn.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin, comb. nov. Basionym: Acacia campbellii Arn. (1836 p. 333). Type: India. Mysore, Campbellii 26 (E00318075). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradhesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu). Notes Acacia campbellii was accepted by Sanjappa (1992), but Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) and Kumar & Sane (2003) treated it as conspecific with Acacia (Vachellia) eburnea. Following detailed studies by the first author (Deshpande, unpublished data) ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le we consider this entity is a distinct species and the new combination is therefore provided above. Vachellia eburnea (L.f.) P.Hurter & Mabb. (2008 p. 1021). Basionym: Mimosa eburnea L.f. (1782 [dated ‘1781’] p. 437). Based on the same type: Acacia eburnea (L.f.) Willd. (1806 p. 1081). Type: India, J.G.Koenig s.n., LINN1228/24 [received 1777] (lectotype, designated by Hurter & Mabberley 2008 p. 1021). Taxonomic synonym: Acacia roxburghii Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 276). Type: W.Roxburgh, Pl Corom. 2: tab. 99 (1800). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh), ?Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Arabian Peninsula: Oman. West Asia: Afghanistan. Notes Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) and Chakrabarty & Maina (2016) adopted a broad concept of Acacia (Vachellia) eburnea, including within its synonymy A. hydaspica and A. pseudoeburnea which were regarded as distinct species by Sanjappa (1992), and which are treated here as V. hydaspica and V. pseudoeburnea respectively. Also, Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) regarded Acacia campbellii as conspecific with Acacia (Vachellia) eburnea but we have followed Sanjappa (1992) in treating it as a distinct species (see V. campbellii above). Vachellia horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 513). Basionym: Mimosa horrida L. (1753 p. 521). Based on the same type: Acacia horrida (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1082). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Type: “Acacia Maderaspatana foliolis parvis, aculeis e regione binis praegrandibus horrida, cortice cinereo" in Plukenet, Phytographia, t. 121, f. 4, 1692, backed by specimen drawn by Plukinet in Herb. Sloane 95: 3. (lectotype, designated by Hillcoat & Brenan, 1958 p. 39; fide Jarvis 2007 p. 675 and Ross 1979 p. 85). Taxonomic synonyms: Mimosa cornigera L.f. (1782 [dated ‘1781’] p. 438) nom. illeg., non L. (1753). Type: No type cited but provenance: given as “Habitat in India.” –Mimosa latronum L.f. (1782 [dated ‘1781’] p. 438). – Acacia latronum (L.f.) Willd. (1806 p. 1077). Type: India. frequent below Mt. Tripully and very abundant between Tanschu and Tirut Schinapally, J.G.Koenig sub Herb. Linnaeus LINN 1228/26 pro parte (lectotype, designated by Ross 1979 p. 85; isolectotype BM). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India. Africa: See Ross (1979). Southeast Asia: Myanmar. Introduced: Possibly introduced in Argentina & Chile. Notes This species comprises two subspecies, subsp. horrida (India & Myanmar) and subsp. benadirensis (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Africa). Vachellia horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr. subsp. horrida (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 513. 2013). Based on the same type: Acacia horrida (L.) Willd. subsp. horrida (Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1916 p. 72). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, ?Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu). Southeast Asia: Myanmar – recorded by ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Sanjappa (1992) and although the subspecies was not indicated, it is assumed here to be subsp. horrida. Vachellia hydaspica (J.R.Drumm. ex R.Parker) Ali (2014 p. 3). Basionym: Acacia hydaspica J.R.Drumm. ex R.Parker (1921 p. 309). Based on the same type: Vachellia hydaspica (J.R.Drumm. ex R.Parker) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 176) isonym. Type: Pakistan. Punjab, Peshwar to Jhelum, Stewart 313, K000623257 (lectotype, designated by Chakrabarty & Maina 2016 p. 297). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Punjab), Pakistan. West Asia: Iran. Notes Acacia hydaspica was accepted as distinct by Roskov et al. (2005), Kumar & Sane (2003) and (as Vachellia hydaspica) by Ali (2014); however, by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) and Chakrabarty & Maina (2016) treated it as conspecific within a broadly defined A. (Vachellia) eburnea. Following detailed studies by the first author (Deshpande, unpublished data) we consider this entity is a distinct species. Vachellia jacquemontii (Benth.) Ali (2014 p. 3). Basionym: Acacia jacquemontii Benth. (1842 p. 499), as "Jacquemonti". Based on the same type: Vachellia jacquemontii (Benth.) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 176), isonym. Type: India. Banks of Nerbuddah River, Jacquemont 499, K000791152 (lectotype, designated by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay 1996 p. 614). Distribution ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Indian Subcontinent: India (Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan. West Asia: Iran. Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 42). Basionym: Mimosa leucophloea Roxb. (1800 p. 27, t. 150). Based on the same type: Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. (1806 p. 1083). Type: W.Roxburgh, Pl Corom. 2: tab. 150 (1800) (lectotype [icon], designated by Nielsen, 1980 p. 345. 1980). Taxonomic synonym: Mimosa ferruginea Rottler (1803 p. 208). [Note. This name was erroneously synonymized under Senegalia pennata by Maslin (2012 p. 446).]. Type: “Madras in horto Anderson. Octobr. 23. 1799.” Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia: East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced: Mauritius and Trinidad-Tobago. Notes Because two varieties are recognized within Acacia leucophloea in Roskov et al. (2005), based on Kumar & Sane (2003), they were maintained in Vachellia by Maslin et al. (2013), as var. leucophloea and var. microcephala (Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (from Myanmar). However, Kumar & Sane (2003) noted that var. microcephala is "not maintained in recent literature", citing Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) as their validating reference. The status of var. microcephala therefore requires further investigation. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.Hurter & Mabb. (2008 p. 1021). Basionym: Mimosa nilotica L. (1753 p. 521). Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile (1813 p. 79). – Acacia arabica var. nilotica (L.) Benth. (1842 p. 500). – Acacia scorpioides var. nilotica (L.) A.Chev. (1927 p. 954). Type: Egypt. Hasselquist s.n. LINN 1228/28 (lectotype, designated by Fawcett & Rendle1920 p. 140; isolectotype LINN 214.7). Taxonomic synonyms: Mimosa scorpioides L. (1753 p. 521). –Acacia scorpioides (L.) W.Wight (1905 p. 173). Type: ”Habitat in Aegypto, Arabia.” Herb. Burser XXII: 16 (lectotype UPS, designated by Thulin in Turland & Jarvis 1997 p. 476). –Mimosa arabica Lam. (1783 p. 19). – Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. (1806 p. 1085). Type: "Arabie & en Africa," s.d., P.Sonnerat s.n. P-LA P00297049 (lectotype, designated by Seigler et al.2014 p. 107). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced). Africa: See Ross (1979). Arabian Peninsula: North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. West Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria. Introduced: Introduced and sometimes naturalized in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, California, Caribbean, China, Ecuador, Florida, Indonesia (Timor), Madagascar, Mauritius, Mexico, Peru, Rodrigues, Vietnam. Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.Hurter & Mabb. subsp. nilotica (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 515. 2013). Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex. Delile subsp. nilotica (Fl. Aegyp. Illustr. 1813 p. 79). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan; Ali (2014) records this subspecies for India and Sri Lanka but it is unlikely to occur in these regions naturally. Africa: See Ross (1979). Arabian Peninsula: Oman, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen. West Asia: Iran, Iraq. Introduced: ?Mauritius, Rodrigues. Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens (Schumach.) Kyal. & Boatr. (2013 p. 515). Basionym: Mimosa adstringens Schumach. (1827 p. 327). Based on the same type: Acacia adstringens (Schumach.) Berhaut (1954 p. 26) non A. adstringens Mart. (1823) nom. illeg. –Acacia scorpioides var. adstringens (Schumach. ) A.Chev. (1927 p. 956). –Acacia arabica var. adstringens (Schumach) Baker f. (1930 p. 849). –Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens (Schumach.) Roberty (1948 p. 150). Type: “Guinea”. without locality or date, Thonning 239 (holotype C; fide Ross 1979 p. 107). Taxonomic synonym: Acacia adansonii Guill. & Perr. (1832 p. 249). – Acacia nilotica var. adansonii (Guill. & Perr.) Kuntze (1891 p. 156). –Acacia arabica var. adansonii (Guill. & Perr.) A.Chev. (1920 p. 244). –Acacia nilotica var. adansonii (Guill. & Perr.) Roberty (1948 p. 152). – Acacia nilotica subsp. adansonii (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan (1957 p. 85). Type: Senegamdia. Leprieur & Perrottet (syntypes P; fide Ross 1979 p. 107). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Maharashtra, Goa), Pakistan. Africa: See Ross (1979). Arabian Peninsula: North Yemen, Oman. West Asia: Iran. Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis (J.L.Stewart) Ali (2014 p. 2). Basionym: Acacia arabica var. cupressiformis J.LStewart (1869 p. 51). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis (J.L.Stewart) Ali & Faruqi (1969 p. 4). – Acacia nilotica subsp. indica var. cupressiformis (J.L.Stewart) Vajr. & S.Y.Kamble (1983 [dated ‘1982’] p. 708). – Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis (J.L.Stewart) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177) isonym. Type: Unknown. Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh) and Pakistan. Vachellia nilotica subsp. hemispherica (Ali & Faruqi) Ali (2014 p. 2). Basionym: Acacia nilotica subsp. hemispherica Ali & Faruqi (1969 p. 4). Based on the same type: Vachellia nilotica subsp. hemispherica (Ali & Faruqi) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177) isonym. Type: Pakistan. Karachi, c. 2 miles ahead of Paradise Point, 6 April 1965, S.I.Ali s.n. (holotype KUH; fide Ali & Faruqi, loc. cit.). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in Pakistan. Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 515). Basionym: Acacia arabica var. indica Benth. (1842 p. 500). Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica var. indica (Benth.) A.F.Hill (1940 p. 99). – Acacia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan (1957 p. 84). Type: East India. W.Roxburgh (lectotype K, designated by Ali & Faruqi 1969 p. 41). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Misapplied names: Mimosa arabica sensu. Roxb. (1800A t. 149) non Lam. (1783) – Acacia arabica sensu. Baker (1878 p. 293) non (Lam.) Willd. (1806) Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, South Andaman (introduced), Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Maldives (introduced), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced). Arabian Peninsula: North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, South Yemen. Southeast Asia: Myanmar. West Asia: Iran. Introduced: Introduced and sometimes naturalized in Africa, America, Australia, Indonesia. Vachellia nilotica subsp. subalata (Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 515) Basionym: Acacia subalata Vatke (1880 p. 276). Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica subsp. subalata (Vatke) Brenan (1957 p. 85). Type: Kenya. Teita District, Ndi, Hildebrandt 2589 (holotype ?B; fide Ross 1979 p. 44). Taxonomic synonym: Acacia arabica var. vediana T.Cooke (1903 p. 444). – Acacia nilotica subsp. vediana (T.Cooke) Vajr. & Kamble. (1983 p. 708). Type: Unknown (not cited in protologue) Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh), Pakistan. Africa: See Ross (1979). Introduced: Naturalized in Madagascar. Notes ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Sanjappa (1992) treated Acacia nilotica subsp. vediana as conspecific with A. (Vachellia) nilotica subsp. adstringens while Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) treated it as a distinct taxon. However, in Roskov et al. (2005) subsp. vediana is regarded as conspecific with Acacia (Vachellia) nilotica subsp. subalata and it is this classification that is followed here. Vachellia nilotica subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 515). Basionym: Acacia arabica var. tomentosa Benth. (1842 p. 500). Based on the same type: Acacia nilotica var. tomentosa (Benth.) A.F.Hill (1940 p. 98). – Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) Brenan (1957 p. 84). Type: Africa. Senegambia, Heudelot s.n. (lectotype K, designated by Ross 1979 p. 107). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Punjab, Rajasthan), Pakistan. Africa: See Ross (1979). Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia. West Asia: Iran. Vachellia planifrons (Koenig ex Wight & Arn.) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177). Basionym: Acacia planifrons Koenig ex Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 276). Type: India, Tanjore [=Thanjavur], Artingary; Wight Cat. no. 560, 587 (partly). Misapplied names: Mimosa eburnea sensu. Roxb. (1800B t. 199) non L.f. (1781) – Mimosa horrida sensu. Smith (1813) non L. (1753) – Acacia roxburghii sensu. Gamble (1919 p. 426) non Wight & Arn. Distribution ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, ?Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka. Vachellia pseudoeburnea (J.R.Drumm. ex Dunn) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin (2014 p. 177). Basionym: Acacia pseudoeburnea J.R.Drumm. ex Dunn (1922 p. 185). Type: India. Kumaon, Stewart [sphalm. Steward] 96, K000791197 (lectotype, designated by Chakrabarty & Maina 2016 p. 297) Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic in India (Bihar, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh). Notes Acacia pseudoeburnea was accepted as a distinct by Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) but was treated as conspecific with A. (Vachellia) eburnea by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) and Chakrabarty & Maina (2016). Following detailed studies by the first author (Deshpande, unpublished data) we consider this entity is a distinct species. Vachellia pseudowightii (Thoth.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin, comb. nov. Basionym: Acacia pseudowightii Thoth. (1992 p. 73). Based on the same type: Acacia minutifolia Ragup., A.Mahad. & Thoth. (1991 p. 65), nom. illeg., non F.Muell. (1874). Type: India, Rajamadam, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, 7 March 1989, S.Ragupathy 1039A (holotype MH; isotype S.Ragupathy 1039B CAL; fide Ragupathy et al. 1991 p. 66 and Thothathri 1992 p. 73). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Endemic to the Indian subcontinent where it occurs in India (Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka. Notes Kumar & Sane (2003) treated this species as conspecific with Acacia (Vachellia) eburnea. However, following detailed studies by the first author (Deshpande, unpublished data) we consider this entity is a distinct species and the new combination is therefore provided above. Vachellia tomentosa (Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 p. 43). Basionym: Mimosa tomentosa Rottler (1803 p. 208). Based on the same type: Mimosa cavaty-tooma Roxb. 1803 p. 208). Note. This name seems to have first appeared (not hyphenated and without author) in Rottler's protologue of Mimosa tomentosa; the name was not accepted by Rottler who provided his own epithet, M. tomentosa, for this taxon. Candolle (1825: 462) lists M. cavaty-tooma Roxb. as a provisional synonym under Acacia tomentosa Willd. – Acacia tomentosa Willd. (1806 p. 1087). – Mimosa kleinii Poir. (1810 p. 82) nom. illeg. (superfluous). – Mimosa tomentosa (Willd.) Roxb. (1832 p. 558) non Rottler. (1803) nom. illeg. Type: India. Marmelon Octobr. 16. 1799. [Rottler] 784. B-W 19188 (holotype) Taxonomic synonym: Acacia chrysocoma Miq. (1855 p. 6). –Acacia tomentosa var. chrysocoma (Miq.) Backer (1908 p. 107). Type: “Java? Zonder nadere aanwijzing in het Herb. Zollinger.” Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Bengal), Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia: East Timor, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Note Mimosa tomentosa Rottler and Acacia tomentosa Willd. were based on the same type, despite the differing type citations in the protologues. The type is a Rottler collection; the label is in Rottler’s handwriting with later annotations (probably by Willdenow) erroneously attributing the collection to Klein. According to an anonymous referee of the Maslin et al. (2013) manuscript the specimen was communicated to Willdenow by Klein. B. Introduced species Senegalia mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger (2010 p. 94). Basionym: Mimosa mellifera Vahl (1791 p. 103). Based on the same type: Acacia mellifera (Vahl.) Benth. (1842 p. 507). Type: Arabia. Surdud and elsewhere, Forsskal (holotype C; fide Ross1979 p. 65) Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India, Pakistan. A native of Africa (see Ross 1979) and the Arabian Peninsula (North & South Yemen, Saudi Arabia); introduced in Mauritius. Note Two subspecies are recognized for this species, subsp. mellifera (Africa & Arabian Peninsula) and subsp. detinens (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Africa). Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 509. 2013). Based on the same type: Acacia mellifera subsp. mellifera (Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 11: 191. 1956). Distribution ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Indian Subcontinent: India (Tamil Nadu), Pakistan (fide Ali 2014, subspecies not specified but assumed to be subsp. mellifera). A native of Africa (see Ross 1979) and the Arabian Peninsula (North & South Yemen, Saudi Arabia). Note According to Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) this subspecies was ‘recently introduced from Sudan’ to Coimbatore; it had been introduced to Pakistan previously (fide Kumar & Sane 2003). Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger (2005 p. 153). Basionym: Mimosa cornigera L. (1753 p. 520). Based on the same type: Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1080). – Tauroceras cornigerum (L.) Britton & Rose (1928 p. 86). Type: Herb. Clifford: 208, Mimosa 4 (lectotype BM 000628753, designated by Rudd, 1964 p. 199; isolectotype, US). [Notes: The lectotype is “from a cultivated plant grown in the garden of George Clifford, between Haarlem and Leyden, Holland, collected by Linnaeus (No. 4) and bearing his label ‘Mimosa cornigera’ presumably grown from Mexican seed” fide Rudd (loc. cit.), cited in Seigler & Ebinger (2005 p. 153), who inadvertently treated specimen as holotype. Janzen (1974 p. 26) reports that a fragment of the type at US (fide Jarvis 2007 p. 674).] Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Maharashtra, West Bengal), Pakistan. A native of Central America (including Mexico) and introduced in Caribbean, Columbia, Florida, Iraq, Mauritius. Note. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Cultivated in India as a curiosity on account of its prominent spiny stipules, which in nature are inhabited by ants that protect the plants against herbivores (fide Kumar & Sane 2003). Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. (1834 p. 272). Basionym: Mimosa farnesiana L. (1753 p. 521). Based on the same type: Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1083). – Poponax farnesiana (L.) Raf. (1838 p. 118). Type: Aldinus. Exactissima description 736 rariorum plantarum Romae, Horto Franesiano 3, 4. 1625 (lectotype [icon], designated by Ross 1975A p. 471–472). [Note: As noted by Jarvis (2007 p. 675) the lectotype figure has been much reproduced and can be seen in Ross (op. cit. fig. 1) and Bothalia 13: 102, fig. 9 (1980), and in Jarvis (1993 p. 156).] Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, South Andaman, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. A native of the Americas but widely distributed, and often naturalized, in many areas of the globe, including: Africa, Australia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, West Asia, southern Europe, Indian Ocean islands (e.g. Madagascar, Mascarenes and Seychelles) and Pacific Ocean Islands (e.g. Hawaii and Nauru). Notes Seigler & Ebinger (2005) recognized three varieties within this species, namely, var. farnesiana, var. minuta (M.E.Jones) Seigler & Ebinger and var. pinetorum (F.J.Herm.) ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Seigler & Ebinger, but these names have not yet been widely adopted. Most likely it is the typical variety that occurs on the Indian Subcontinent (D. Seigler, pers. comm.). Vachellia karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso (2008 p. 149). Basionym: Acacia karroo Hayne (1827 p. 10 t. 33). Type: South Africa. Cape Province, specific locality unknown, Herb. Willdenow 19184 fol. 2 (lectotype B, photo at PRE, designated by Ross 1979 p. 92). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (West Bengal). A native of Africa but introduced in Iraq, Mauritius, Mediterranean Europe (Corsica, Italy, Portugal, Sicily, Spain), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay). Note Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) recorded Acacia karroo as being cultivated in Calcutta Botanic Garden, Howrah. Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger (2005 p. 160). Basionym: Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (1806 p. 1080) nom. cons. Type: Ecuador. Guayaquil, Humboldt & Bonpland 3799, B-W19168-010 (holotype B- W; isotypes: F, IT, NY, P; fide Seigler & Ebinger 2007 p. 608). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Karnataka). A native of the Americas (Caribbean, Central America, Florida, South America; introduced in Iraq. Note Sanjappa (1992) recorded Acacia macracantha as being cultivated in Lalbagb, Bangalore. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Vachellia robusta (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 516). Basionym Acacia robusta Burch. (1842 p. 442). Type: South Africa. Northern Cape Province, Kuruman Distr., Takoon, Burchell 2265 (holotype K; fide Ross 1979 p. 127). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Tamil Nadu). A native of Africa. Note Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) recorded Acacia robusta as occurring in Coimbatore. Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter in Mabberley (2008 p. 1021). Basionym: Acacia seyal Delile (1813 p. 286, t. 52 fig. 2). Type: Egypt. between Nile and Red Sea, near Syene, [Delile s.n. (syntype ?MPU); Medynet-Abou, Delile s.n. (syntype ?MPU); fide Ross 1979 p. 89]. Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (State unspecified), Pakistan. A native of Africa, North Yemen, Saudi Arabia; introduced in Bolivia, Florida, Honduras, Texas. Notes Two varieties are recognized for this species in Africa, var. seyal and var. fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., both of which have been trialled (for gum production) in Pakistan (fide Kumar & Sane 2003); however, Ali (2014) did not indicate which variety currently occurs in Pakistan. Although the species is recorded for India by Kumar & Sane (2003) and Ali (2014), neither the variety nor the State of occurrence are indicated. Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013 p. 516). Basionym: Acacia sieberiana DC. (1825 p. 463). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Based on the same type: Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Ali (2014 p. 3) isonym. Type: Senegal. Sieber 43 (holotype G; isotypes: K, MEL; fide Ross 1979 p. 134). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan. A native of Africa. Note Three varieties are recognized for this species in Africa, var. sieberiana, var. villosa (A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr. and var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr., but neither Kumar & Sane (2003) nor Ali (2014) say which occurs in Pakistan (this matter requires further investigation). Vachellia sphaerocephala (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger (2005 p. 167). Basionym: Acacia sphaerocephala Schltdl. & Cham. (1830 p. 594). Type: Mexico. Veracruz, Actopán, sea level, March 1829. C.Schiede & F.Deppe 684 (lectotype HAL, designated as holotype by Seigler & Ebinger (1995 p. 133), but corrected to lectotype by Seigler & Ebinger (2005 p. 167). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Maharashtra, West Bengal). A native of Mexico and possibly Florida. Notes Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) recorded Acacia sphaerocephala as being cultivated in the Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah, and in gardens in Pune. L.Rico (cited in Kumar & Sane 2003) noted that this species is easily confused with Acacia cornigera [syn. Senegalia cornigera] and these Indian occurrences may be based on misidentifications for that species; this matter requires investigation. Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi (2008 p. 150). ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Basionym: Mimosa tortilis Forssk. (1775 p. 176). Based on the same type: Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne (1827A pl. 31). – Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. (2008 p. 1021), isonym. Type: Yemen. Hays, Forsskal 1488 (holotype C, K – photo; fide Hurter & Mabberley (loc. cit.). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India, Pakistan. A native of Africa, Iran, Israel, North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, Syria, United Arab Emirates; introduced in Madagascar. Note Vachellia tortilis is a polymorphic species with four subspecies recognized in Africa, namely, subsp. tortilis, subsp. campoptila (Schweinf.) Ragup. et al. subsp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr. (containing two varieties, of which the typical one occurs in the Indian Subcontinent) and subsp. spirocarpa (Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (containing two varieties). Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr. var. raddiana (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 517. 2013). Basionym: Acacia raddiana Savi (1830 p. 1). Based on the same type: Acacia tortilis f. raddiana (Savi) Roberty (1948 p. 143). – Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan var. raddiana (1957 p. 87). Type: Egypt. Raddi (isotype K; fide Ross 1979 p. 112). Distribution Indian Subcontinent: India (Haryana, Rajasthan), Pakistan. A native of Africa; introduced in Madagascar. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Excluded names Senegalia intsia (L.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (2013 P. 40). Basionym: Mimosa intsia L. (1753 p. 522). Based on the same type: Acacia intsia (L.) Willd. (1806 p. 1091). Acacia intsia was recognized as a distinct species by Sanjappa (1992), Kumar & Sane (2003), Roskov et al. (2005) and (as Senegalia) Maslin et al. (2013). However, Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) followed both Craib (1915) in treating this name as a nomen confusum, an approach that is accepted here despite the combination having been made in Senegalia by Maslin et al. (2013). Specimens formerly called Acacia intsia in India are now assigned to Senegalia caesia and its allies. The identity of the basionym (Mimosa intsia) is discussed by Craib (1915) who concluded that the material upon which Plukenet's plate was based comprised two elements, a vegetative shoot of Mimosa rubricaulis (which occurs in Asia and Africa) and a detached pod of an unknown Acacia [sens. lat.] species. This plate (with no reference to Craib's interpretation) was selected by Rico-Arce (in Turland & Jarvis 1997, p. 476,) as the lectotype of Mimosa intsia, replacing the inappropriate lectotypification of Ali (1967 p. 237). Jarvis (2007 p. 675) noted: "Ali (in Taxon 1967 p. 237) indicated a specimen in Herb. Sloane 95: 5 (BM-SL) as the lectotype, when in fact only the corresponding illustration by Plukenet (Phytographia 1692 t. 122, f. 2.), cited in the protologue, is eligible as such. In fact, this material does not support current usage, and for this reason, Rico designated a Rheede illustration as lectotype." Acacia pennata subsp. hainanensis (Hayata) I.C.Nielsen (1980 p. 352–353) ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Nielsen (1980) records this entity for India but this is incorrect; it is restricted to southern China (Hainan Is.) and central Vietnam (Maslin, unpublished data). Unresolved names Acacia eriantha Desv. (1814 p. 68) Acacia eriantha is treated on The Plant List (web ref. 4) as an unresolved name. In the protologue the provenance of this species is clearly given as 'India orientali', but on the previous page in the same publication Desvaux (1814 p. 67) does express a slight uncertainty as to whether the plant came from this region. The type specimen at herb. Paris is labelled ‘Habitatae in india orientali’ (P [barcode P02935062]). Bentham (1875 p. 637) said that Acacia eriantha was “supposed to be from East India; but the situation given for Desvaux’s plants are not to be relied upon. The characters given do not agree with any East-Indian species and are wholly insufficient for identification with any others. I found no specimen in Desvaux’s herbarium.” It is known, however, that Desvaux worked a lot on West Indian plants (D. Mabberley, pers. comm.) so it may be possible that Acacia eriantha applies to an entity from the Caribbean. We have not been able to match the type specimen with any Mimosoid from the Indian subcontinent. We therefore treat Acacia eriantha as an unresolved name. It is parenthetically noted that Acacia dalea Desv. (1814, p. 69) which is also treated as an unresolved name on The Plant List (web ref. 4) was regarded by Bentham (1875: 382) as conspecific with Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. We agree with Bentham’s determination. In the protologue the provenance of Acacia dalea was given as 'Habitat in India’. Acknowledgement ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le The late J.F. (JeF) Veldkamp (Leiden) is gratefully acknowledged for advice regarding nomenclature of S. polyacantha and S. rugata. David Mabberley (New South Wales, Australia) is thanked for assistance with respect to Acacia eriantha. Annette Wilson (Perth, Western Australia) is gratefully thanked for assistance with sourcing some references and for assistance with editing the text. References Ali, S.I. 1967. The identity of Mimosa intsia Linn. – Taxon 16: 237–238. Ali, S.I. 2014 (13 Jan). The genus Acacia s.l. in Pakistan. – Pakistan J. Bot. 46: 1–4. Ali, S.I. and Faruqi, S.A. 1969. A taxonomic study of Acacia nilotica complex in W. Pakistan. – Pakistan J. Bot. 1: 1–8. Arnott, G.A.W. 1836. Acacia campbellii. Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 18: 333. Backer, C.A. 1908. Acacia tomentosa var. chrysocoma. Voorl. Schoolfl. pp. 107. Bahadur, K.N. and Gaur, R.C. 1976. On the nomenclature of two Indian Acacias. – Acta Bot. Indica 4(1): 66–67. Baker, E.G. 1930. The Leguminosae of Tropical Africa 3: 1–953. Baker, J.G. 1878. Acacia. – In: Hooker, J.D. (ed.), Flora of British India, 2(5) pp. 292– 298. Reeve, London. Banfi, E. and Galasso, G. 2008 (Jan.). New combinations in Vachellia Wight & Arn., formerly Acacia Mill. ss. (Fabaceae). – Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nt. 149: 149–150. Bentham, G. 1842. Notes on Mimoseae, with a synopsis of species. – London J. Bot. 1: 318–528. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Bentham, G. 1875. Revision of the Suborder Mimoseae. – Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 335–664. Berhaut, J. 1954. Flore du Senegal. –Clairafrique. Brenan, J.P.M. 1957. Notes on Mimosoideae III. – Kew Bull. 12: 75–96. Brenan, J.P.M. and Exell, A.W. 1957. Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. and its relatives in tropical Africa. – Bol. Soc. Brot. 31: 99–140. Britton, N.L. 1930. Senegalia senegal. – Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 538. Britton, N.L. and Rose, J.N. 1928. Mimosaceae. North American Flora Vol. 23 –New York Botanical Gardens: New York. Burchell, W.J. 1842. Acacia robusta. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2: 442. Candolle, A.P. 1825. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis vol. 2. –Treuttel and Würtz: Paris. Chakrabarty, T. and Gangopadhyay, M. 1996. The genus Acacia P. Miller (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in India. –J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 20: 599–633. Chakrabarty, T. and Maina, V. 2016. Vachellia hydaspica and V. pseudoeburnea (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) synonymized under V. eburnea. – Phytotaxa 257: 297–299. Chevalier, A. 1920. Acacia arabica var. adansonii. –Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 244. Chevalier, A. 1927. Notes sur quelques Acacia africans. –Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 953–960. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Cooke, T. 1903. Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. –Taylor & Francis: London. Craib, W.G. 1915. Mimosa caesia and M. intsia. –Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 407– 410. Craib, W.G. 1927. Nimaria. –Bull. Misc. Inform. 9: 393–394. Craib, W.G. 1928. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio vol. 1 –Siam Society: Bangkok. Delile, A.R. 1813, Acacia seyal. –Fl. Egypt. Expl. Planches 286, t. 52 fig. 2. Delile, A.R. 1813. Acacia nilotica. Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2(1): 79. Deshpande, A.S. et al. 2018. Lectotypification of some Senegalia and Vachellia species (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) from India. – Phytotaxa 333: 131–136. Desvaux, N.A. 1814. Memoire et observations sur la famille des plantes légumineuses. – J. Bot. Agric. 3: 65-84. Don, D. 1824 (dated '1825'). Prodromus florae nepalensis. J. Gale: London. Dunn. 1922. Acacia pseudo-eburnea. –Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 185. Fawcett, W. and Rendle, M.A. 1920. Mimosoideae. –Fl. Jamaica 4: 137–152. Forsskal, P. 1775. Mimosa tortilis. –Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 176. Gagnepain, F. 1911. Mimosées nouvelles. Notul. Syst., Paris 2(4): 113–120. Galasso, G. and Banfi, E. 2008. In: Banfi, E. and Galasso, G. 2008 (Jan.). New combinations in Vachellia Wight & Arn., formerly Acacia Mill. ss. (Fabaceae). Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nt. 149: 149–150. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Gamble, J.S. 1919. Mimosaceae. – Flora of the Presidency of Madras. 1: 414–435. Adlard & Son., London. Guillemin, J.A. and Perrottet, W. 1832. Acacia. In: Guillemin, J.A., Perrottet, W. and Richard, A. (eds), Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 244–252. Haines, H.H. 1914. List of trees, shrubs and economic herbs of the Southern Forest Circle of the C.P. (Part III). – Indian Forester 43: 194–229. Hayne, F.G. 1827. Acacia karroo. –Getreue Darstell. Gew. 10: t. 33. Hayne, F.G. 1827A. Acacia tortilis. –Getreue Darstell. Gew. 10: t. 31. Hill, A.F. 1940. Some nomenclatorial problems in Acacia. –Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8: 93–105. Hillcoat, D. and Brenan, J.P.M. 1958. The identity of Acacia horrida (L.) Willd. –Kew Bull. 13: 39–40. Huang, P.C. 1985. Acacieae. pp. 1248-1263. In: Zheng, W. (ed) Silva Sinica. vol. 2. – China Forestry Publishing House: Beijing. Hurter, P. 2008. In: Mabberley, D. 2008. Mabberley' Plant Book, 3rd ed. –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hurter, P. and Mabberley, D. 2008. In: Mabberley, D. 2008. Mabberley' Plant Book, 3rd ed. –Cambridge University Press: Cambridge Jacques, H.A. 1860. La Nouvelle Hollande. –J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort. 6: 672. Janzen, D.H. 1974. Swollen-Thorn Acacias of Central America. –Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 13: 1–131. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Jarvis, C.E. 1993. The influence of some Italian botanic gardens on Linnaeus' knowledge of the world's flora. –Museologia Scientifica 9: 155–169. Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnean Plant Names and their Types. – Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, London. p. 1016. Kostermans, A.J.G.H. 1979. Notes on Leguminosae-Mimosoideae of Sri Lanka. – Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 13: 253–259. Kostermans, A.J.G.H. 1980. Mimosaceae. In: Dassanayake, M.D. (ed.) A revised handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. –Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Kshirsagar, S.R. 2012. Observations and taxonomic assessment of Acacia catechu Willd. complex (Mimosaceae) in India. –Life Sciences Leaflets 6: 68–77. (http://api.ning.com/files/HkcbpzvjA4lOMVhM5DP5M1bzl9X01*RYoGLGnJbnT1QSxtkKNshzm-YihqdO2lrv7bBY2yxjiChDu8pQeeWwCHwZzqX45Ay/12) (accessed on Dec. 2017) Kumar, S. and Sane, P.V. 2003. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist. pp. 543. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London. Kuntze, C.E.O. 1891. Acacia nilotica var. adansonii. –Revisio generum plantarum 1: 156. Kurz, K. 1874. Acacia. pp. 179–189. In Stewart, J.L. and Brandis, D. The Forest Flora of North-west and Central India. –Wm H. Allen & Co., London. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Kurz, K. 1877 [dated ‘1876’]. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese flora. – J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45(4): 204-310. Kyalangalilwa, B. and Boatwright, J.S. 2013. In: Kyalangalilwa, B. et al. 2013. Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia. –Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172: 500–523. Lace, J.H. 1915. Some new species from Burma. –Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 393– 407. Lamarck, J. 1783. Acacia. pp. 8–22. Encycl. (Lamarck) vol 1 –Paris. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum. –Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. Linnaeus, C.f. 1782 (dated ‘1781’). Supplementum plantarum. –Impensis orphanotrophe, Braunschweig. Loureiro, J. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis. Vol 2 –Expensis Academicis, Ulyssipone (Lisbon). Mabberley, D. 2008. Mabberley' Plant Book, 3rd ed. –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Martius, C.F.P. 1823. In: Spix, J.B. and Martius, C.F.P., Reise in Brasilien 1: 1–412. Maslin, B.R. 2012. New combinations in Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) for Australia. –Nuytsia 22: 465–468. Maslin, B.R. 2015. Synoptic overview of Acacia sensu lato (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in East and Southeast Asia. – Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 231–250. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Maslin, B.R. et al. 2013. New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China. – Blumea 58: 39–44. McNeill, J. and Turland, N.J. 2011. Major changes to the Code of Nomenclature – Melbourne, July 2011. – Taxon 60: 1495–1497. McNeill, J. et al. 2012. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile. – Koeltz Scientific books, Königstein. Merrill, E.D. 1910. Enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae. –Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 1–94. Merrill, E.D. 1935. A Commentary on Loureiro's "Flora Cochinchinensis". –Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. n.s. 24(2): 1–445. Miller, J.T. and Seigler, D.S. 2012. Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia s.l. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). – Austral. Syst. Bot. 25: 217–224. Miquel, F.A.W. 1855. Acacia chrysocoma. – Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1(1): 6. Mueller, F. 1874. Acacia minutifolia. – Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae vol 8. Nielsen, I. 1980. Notes on Indo-Chinese Mimosaceae. – Adansonia sér. 2, 19: 339–363. Nielsen, I. 1981. Leguminosae - Mimosoideae In: Aubreville, A. and Leroy, J.-F. (eds) Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Vietnam. vol. 19 – Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Nielsen, I. 1985a. Leguminosae - Mimosoideae. – In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds) Flora of Thailand. Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, 4: 131–222. Nielsen, I.C. 1985. The Malesian species of Acacia and Albizia (LeguminosaeMimosoideae). –Opera Botanica 81: 1–50. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Parker, R.N. 1921. XXXVII. Decades Kewenses. –Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 307– 312. Parker, R.N. 1929. Indian climbing Acacias of the caesia group. – Indian Forester 55: 325–333. Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands. –Govt. of India, Shimla. Pedley, L. 1986. Derivation and dispersal of Acacia (Leguminosae), with particular reference to Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and Racosperma. –Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 219–254. Pedley, L. 2014. New combinations for Senegalia Raf. and Vachellia Wight & Arn. species (Mimosaceae) that occur in Australia. –Austrobaileya 9: 314–315. Persoon, C.H. 1806. Synopsis plantarum 2(1): 1–272. Poiret, J.L.M. 1810. Mimosa. Encyclopedie Methodique. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1(1): 35–86. Prain, D. 1897 [dated 1898]. Noviciae Indicae XV. Some additional Leguminosae. –J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 347-518. Rafinesque, C.S. 1838. Sylva Telluriana. –Publ. by the author, Philadelphia Ragupathy, S. et al. 1990. A new species of Acacia (Mimosaceae) from Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. –J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14: 751–752. Ragupathy, S. et al. 1991. Acacia minutifolia Ragu. et al. (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae). A new species from the Coromandal coast of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. –Indian J. Forest. 14: 65–66. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Ragupathy, S. et al. 2014 (13 March). New combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for south and west Asia. – Phytotaxa 162: 174–180. Roberty, G. 1948. Les representants ouest-africains du genre Acacia dans les herbiers genevois. –Candollea 11: 113–173. Roskov, Y.R. et al. (eds.) 2005. ILDIS, World Database of Legumes: draft checklist, Version 10. http://www.ildis.org/. (accessed on Jan. 2018) Ross, J.H. 1975. The typification of Mimosa senegal. –Bothalia 11: 449–451. Ross, J.H. 1975A. The typification of Mimosa farnesiana. –Bothalia 11: 471–472. Ross, J.H. 1979. A conspectus of the African Acacia species. – Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 44: 1–155. Ross, J.H. 2001. Acacia subg. Aculeiferum. In: Orchard, A.E. and Wilson, A.J.G. (eds.) –Fl. Australia 11A: 207–209. Rottler, H.M. 1803. Mimosa (in part). Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 207–209. Roxburgh, W. 1800. Mimosa leucophloea. Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. 2: 27, tab. 150. –W. Bulmer and Co., London. Roxburgh, W. 1800A. Mimosa arabica. Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. 2: 26-27, tab. 149. –W. Bulmer and Co., London. Roxburgh, W. 1800B. Mimosa eburnea. Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. 2: 54, tab. 199. –W. Bulmer and Co., London. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Roxburgh, W. 1811. Mimosa sundra. Plants of the Coast of Coromandel 3: 19, tab. 225. –W. Bulmer and Co., London. Roxburgh, W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis. – Mission Press: Serampore. Roxburgh, W. 1832. Flora indica. Mission Press: Serampore. Rudd, V.E. 1964. Nomenclatural problems in the Acacia cornigera complex. –Madrono 17: 198–201. Sahni, K.C. and Bennet, S.S.R. 1975. A new species of Albizia from Andhra Pradesh. – Indian Forester, Suppl. 101: 337-338. Sanjappa, M. 1992. Legumes of India. – Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India p. 338 Savi, C.G. 1830. Acacia raddiana. Sopra alcune Acacie egiziane. –Tipografia Nistri, Pisa. Schlechtendal, D.F.L. and Chamisso, L.K.A. 1830. Acacia sphaerocephala. –Linnaea 5: 594. Schumacher, A. 1827. Mimosa adstringens, Beskrivelse af Guineeiske planter. – Kjobenhavn (Copenhagen). Seigler, D.S. and Ebinger, J.E. 1995. Taxonomic revision of the ant-acacias (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacia, series Gummiferae) of the New World. –Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 117–138. Seigler, D.S. and Ebinger, J.E. 2005. New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World. – Phytologia 87: 139–178. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Seigler, D.S. and Ebinger, J.E. 2007. Proposals to conserve the names Acacia macracantha against Mimosa lutea, A. constricta against M. arcuata, and A. collinsii against A. glutea (Fabaceae). –Taxon 56: 608–610. Seigler, D.S. and Ebinger, J.E. 2009. New combinations in the genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). –Phytologia 91: 26–30. Seigler, D.S. et al. 2006. The genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World. –Phytologia 88: 38-93. Seigler, D.S. et al. 2014. Lectotypification in American Acacia species (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), with Clarifications for Types at the Museum national d’Histoire naturelle. –Novon 23: 98-112. Seigler, D.S. et al. 2017. Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae): New Genera of the Mimosoideae. – Novon 25: 180–205. Smith, J.E. 1813. Mimosa horrida. –In: Rees, A. Cyclop. vol. 23. Stewart, J.L. 1869. Punjab Plants. – Government press, Lahore. Subhedar, R.P. 1985. A new name for Acacia wightii Baker ex Benth. –J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82(2): 439–440. Subhedar, R.P. 1989. A note on Acacia canescens complex. –J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86: 271. Thothathri, K. 1992. Nomenclatural note on Acacia minutifolia Ragu. et al. from India. –Rheedea 2: 73. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Turland, N.J. and Jarvis, C.E. 1997. Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). – Taxon 46: 457–485. Vahl, M. 1791. Mimosa mellifera. Symbolae botanicae vol. 2. – Parisiis Lutetiorum. Vajravelu, E. and Kamble, S.Y. 1983 [dated 1982]. Two new combinations under Acacia nilotica (Benth.) Brenan (Mimosaceae). –J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 707– 708. Vassal, J. 1972. Apport des recherches ontogéniques et séminologiques à l'étude morphologique, taxonomique et phylogénique du genre Acacia. –Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 108: 105–247. Vatke, W. 1880. Acacia subalata. – Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 30: 276. Voigt, J.O. 1845. Acacia. pp. 259–263. In: Hortus Suburbanus Calcuttensis. –Bishop's College Press, Calcutta. Wallich, N. 1831. Acacia modesta. – Plantae asiaticae rariores 2: 27, t. 130. Wallich, N. 1831-1832. Acacia section (no. 5226-5265). –Numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company /which have been supplied by Dr. Wallich, superintendent of the botanic garden at Calcutta. White, W.E. 1905. In: Seaford, W.E., The Useful Plants of the Island of Guam. –Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 9: 1–416. Wight, R. and Arnott, G.A.W. 1834. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis. 1: 1-480. –Parbury, Allen & Co., London. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Willdenow, C.L. 1806. Caroli a Linne Species Plantarium 4th edition. 4(2): 631–1157. –G.C. Nauck, Berlin. Web References 1. WorldWideWattle, Info Gallery. http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/distribution/. Accessed 15 Jan. 2018. 2. IPNI (The International Plant Names Index). http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do. Accessed 25 June 2017. 3. WorldWideWattle, Species Gallery. http://www.worldwidewattle.com/speciesgallery/home.php. Accessed 15 Jan. 2018. 4. The Plant list. http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed 21 Jan. 2018. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accept ed Ar tic le Table Legend Table 1. Numbers of taxa of Senegalia and Vachellia currently recognized for the Indian subcontinent, including indigenous and introduced species. Abbreviations: E = endemic; I = introduced; U = uncertain occurrence. Arepresenting 21 species; Brepresenting 12 species. Senegalia Vachellia Indigenous Introduced Total Indigenous Introduced Total Bangladesh 6 - 6 2 1 3 Bhutan 5 (incl. 1U) - 5 - 1 1 India 19 (incl. 20 16 (incl. 8 24 Region 1 3E) 1E) Maldives - - - - 2 2 Nepal 7 (incl. 1U) - 7 2 (incl. 1U) 1 3 Pakistan 5 6 11 (incl. 5 16 Sri Lanka 1 1E) 6 (incl. 1E - 6 4 2 6 1 24 18B (incl. 9 27 & 1U) Subcontinent 23A (incl. 7E) 7E) ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’