Fungal Systematics and Evolution
VOLUME 1
JUNE 2018
PAGES 169–215
doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.01.08
New and Interesting Fungi. 1
P.W. Crous1,2,3*, R.K. Schumacher4, M.J. Wingfield5, A. Akulov6, S. Denman7, J. Roux2, U. Braun8, T.I. Burgess9, A.J. Carnegie10, K.Z. Váczy11,
E. Guatimosim12, P.B. Schwartsburd13, R.W. Barreto14, M. Hernández-Restrepo1, L. Lombard1, J.Z. Groenewald1
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
0002, South Africa
3
Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
4
Hölderlinstraße 25, 15517 Fürstenwalde / Spree, Germany
5
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
6
Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
7
Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, UK
8
Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
9
Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
10
Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Locked Bag 5123, Parramatta
NSW 2124, Australia
11
Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
12
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CEP: 96170-000, São Lourenço do Sul, Brazil
13
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
14
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
1
2
*Corresponding author: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Editor-in-Chief
Key
words:
Abstract:
study
introduces
two
new
Prof. dr
P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal
Biodiversity This
Institute,
P.O. Box
85167, 3508 AD
Utrecht,
The families,
Netherlands. one new genus, 22 new species, 10 new combinations, four epitypes,
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
biodiversity
and 16 interesting new host and / or geographical records. Cylindriaceae (based on Cylindrium elongatum) is introduced as
ITS barcodes
new family, with three new combinations. Xyladictyochaetaceae (based on Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica) is introduced to
multi-gene
accommodate Xyladictyochaeta. Pseudoanungitea gen. nov. (based on P. syzygii) is described on stems of Vaccinium myrtillus
phylogeny
(Germany). New species include: Exophiala eucalypticola on Eucalyptus obliqua leaf litter, Phyllosticta hakeicola on leaves of
new taxa
Hakea sp., Setophaeosphaeria citricola on leaves of Citrus australasica, and Sirastachys cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae
systematics
(Australia); Polyscytalum chilense on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla (Chile); Pseudoanungitea vaccinii on Vaccinium myrtillus
typification
(Germany); Teichospora quercus on branch tissue of Quercus sp. (France); Fusiconidium lycopodiellae on stems of Lycopodiella
36 new taxa
inundata, Monochaetia junipericola on twig of Juniperus communis, Myrmecridium sorbicola on branch tissues of Sorbus
aucuparia, Parathyridaria philadelphi on twigs of Philadelphus coronarius, and Wettsteinina philadelphi on twigs of Philadelphus
coronarius (Germany); Zygosporium pseudogibbum on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Malaysia); Pseudoanungitea variabilis on
dead wood (Spain); Alfaria acaciae on leaves of Acacia propinqua, Dictyochaeta mimusopis on leaves of Mimusops caffra,
and Pseudocercospora breonadiae on leaves of Breonadia microcephala (South Africa); Colletotrichum kniphofiae on leaves of
Kniphofia uvaria, Subplenodomus iridicola on Iris sp., and Trochila viburnicola on twig cankers on Viburnum sp. (UK); Polyscytalum
neofecundissimum on Quercus robur leaf litter, and Roussoella euonymi on fallen branches of Euonymus europaeus (Ukraine).
New combinations include: Cylindrium algarvense on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Portugal), Cylindrium purgamentum on leaf
litter (USA), Cylindrium syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp. (Australia), Microdochium musae on leaves of Musa sp. (Malaysia),
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita (Malaysia), P. eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus (Australia),
P. grevilleae on leaves of Grevillea (Australia), P. nullicananum on leaves of Eucalyptus (Australia), Pseudoanungitea syzygii on
Syzygium cordatum leaf litter (South Africa), and Setophaeosphaeria sidae on leaves of Sida sp. (Brazil). New records include:
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata on leaves of Phragmites sp., Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali on leaves of Melaleuca sp. and
Eucalyptus regnans, and Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia); Camarosporidiella mackenziei
on twigs of Caragana sp. (Finland); Cyclothyriella rubronotata on twigs of Ailanthus altissima, Rhinocladiella quercus on Sorbus
aucuparia branches (Germany); Cytospora viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera (Hungary); Echinocatena arthrinioides on leaves of
Acacia crassicarpa (Malaysia); Varicosporellopsis aquatilis from garden soil (Netherlands); Pestalotiopsis hollandica on needles
of Cupressus sempervirens (Spain), Pseudocamarosporium africanum on twigs of Erica sp. (South Africa), Pseudocamarosporium
brabeji on branch of Platanus sp. (Switzerland); Neocucurbitaria cava on leaves of Quercus ilex (UK); Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa
on decaying wood of Carpinus betulus, Haplograhium delicatum on decaying Carpinus betulus wood (Ukraine). Epitypes are
designated for: Elsinoë mimosae on leaves of Mimosa diplotricha (Brazil), Neohendersonia kickxii on Fagus sylvatica twig bark
(Italy), Caliciopsis maxima on fronds of Niphidium crassifolium (Brazil), Dictyochaeta septata on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis ×
urophylla (Chile), and Microdochium musae on leaves of Musa sp. (Malaysia).
Fungal Systematics and Evolution is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
169
Crous et al.
Published online: 18 April 2018.
Dedicated to Vadim Alexandrovich Mel’nik (*16 March 1937, †10 April 2017).
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
New and Interesting Fungi (NIF) is introduced as a new series
of papers that will supplement other series focussed on
expanding existing knowledge of fungal biodiversity and fungal
conservation. Another similar series such as the Fungal Planet
(www.fungalplanet.org) aims to provide a rapid and simplified
outlet for researchers to describe new fungal species as well as
to highlight the environments where these fungi were isolated.
The Fungal Planet series established in 2006 emphasises a
holistic conservation of all life on the planet including not only
plants and animals but also fungi (Crous et al. 2017a, b).
This new series of papers focusses not only on new
fungal taxa but also on those that are generally interesting
and that deserve notice. Like other series including the
already mentioned Fungal Planet, the Genera of Fungi (GoF)
series (Crous & Groenewald 2017, Giraldo et al. 2017), the
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series (MarinFelix et al. 2017), and the Fungal Systematics and Evolution
series (Crous et al. 2015a, Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2016,
Krisai-Greilhuber et al. 2017) it has become evident that
there are many undescribed species of fungi and new host
or geographical records for which a scientific repository is
lacking. Most of these could easily never be described or
catalogued, and thus being lost to science. This justified the
decision to launch the new series New and Interesting Fungi
(NIF). It is hoped that this series will provide an attractive
vehicle for mycologists to publish single new species or to
highlight the relevance of important fungi.
Many known fungal species need to be recollected
and epi- or neotypified in order to secure the application
of old names already in use and resolve their DNA
phylogeny. Subsequent to the end of the long-standing dual
nomenclature for fungi (Hawksworth et al. 2011, Wingfield et
al. 2012) and the connection of different morphs to a single
name (Rossman et al. 2015, Réblová et al. 2016), it became
clear that a vehicle was required to ensure that these data
could be easily and effectively published. This would be
comparable to “data release papers” published in other fields
of science and biology (Miller et al. 2013, Vu et al. 2016). The
New and Interesting Fungi series will link not only asexual
and sexual morphs of species, but also provide opportunities
to merge morphological observations with DNA sequence
data, providing a means for rapid and accurate identification.
New and Interesting Fungi will appear twice each year
(June and December) in the journal Fungal Systematics and
Evolution (www.FUSE-journal.org). Mycologists and other
researchers wishing to contribute to future issues in this
series are encouraged to contact Pedro Crous (p.crous@
westerdijkinstitute.nl) before submission to ensure that
potential conflicts with activities arising from other research
groups can be avoided.
Isolates
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
170
Leaves and twig samples were placed in damp chambers and
incubated at room temperature for 1–3 d. Single conidial
colonies were grown from sporulating conidiomata in Petri
dishes containing 2 % malt extract agar (MEA) as described
earlier by Crous et al. (1991). Leaf and stem tissues bearing
ascomata were soaked in water for approximately 2 h, after
which they were attached to the bottom side of the lids of Petri
dishes containing MEA. After ascospores ejected onto the MEA,
germination patterns were determined after 24 h, and single
ascospore or conidial cultures were established following the
method described by (Crous 1998). Colonies were sub-cultured
on 2 % potato-dextrose agar (PDA), oatmeal agar (OA), MEA
(Crous et al. 2009b), autoclaved pine needles on 2 % tap water
agar (PNA) (Smith et al. 1996), or autoclaved banana leaves
(BLA), and incubated at 25 °C under continuous near-ultraviolet
light to promote sporulation. Reference strains and specimens
are maintained at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in
Utrecht, the Netherlands (CBS).
DNA extraction, amplification (PCR) and phylogeny
Fungal mycelium (Supplementary Table 1) was scraped from the
agar surface of cultures with a sterile scalpel and the genomic
DNA was isolated using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification
Kit (Promega Corporation, WI, USA) following the manufacturers’
protocols. The 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) and internal transcribed
spacer regions with intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) of the
nrDNA operon were sequenced for all the isolates included in
this study. Other loci were sequenced for various species or
genera using primers and conditions specific for those groups
of fungi (see references for details). The resulting fragments
were sequenced in both directions using the respective PCR
primers and the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit v. 3.1
(Applied Biosystems Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA); DNA
sequencing amplicons were purified through Sephadex G-50
Superfine columns (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in MultiScreen
HV plates (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Purified sequence reactions
were analysed on an Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer
(Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The DNA sequences
were analysed and consensus sequences were computed using
SeqMan Pro v. 13 (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA).
The sequences for each gene were subjected to megablast
searches (Zhang et al. 2000) to identify closely related sequences
in the NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database. The results are
provided as part of the species notes or as selected phylogenetic
trees. Phylogenetic trees were generated using Bayesian analyses
performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012) for the
overview trees and Maximum Parsimony analyses performed
with PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) as explained in Braun et
al. (2018) for the genus and species trees. All resulting trees
were printed with Geneious v. 11.0.3 (http://www.geneious.
com, Kearse et al. 2012) and the layout of the trees was done
in Adobe Illustrator v. CC 2017. Statistical measures calculated
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
included tree length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index
(RI) and rescaled consistency index (RC).
Morphology
Slide preparations were mounted in lactic acid, Shear’s
mounting fluid or water, from colonies sporulating on MEA, PDA,
PNA, BLA or OA. Sections through conidiomata were made by
hand. Observations were made with a Nikon SMZ25 dissectionmicroscope, and with a Zeiss Axio Imager 2 light microscope
using differential interference contrast (DIC) illumination and
images recorded on a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera with associated
software. Colony characters and pigment production were
noted after 2–4 wk of growth on MEA, PDA and OA (Crous et al.
2009b) incubated at 25 oC. Colony colours (surface and reverse)
were scored using the colour charts of Rayner (1970). Sequences
derived in this study were deposited in GenBank (Supplementary
Table 1), the alignment in TreeBASE (www.treebase.org; study
number S22442), and taxonomic novelties in MycoBank (www.
MycoBank.org; Crous et al. 2004).
RESULTS
Phylogeny
Dothideomycetes LSU phylogeny: The alignment contained
125 isolates and Candida broadrunensis (CBS 11838, GenBank
KY106372.1) was used as outgroup. The final alignment contained
a total of 808 characters used for the phylogenetic analyses,
including alignment gaps. Based on the results of MrModelTest,
dirichlet base frequencies and the GTR+I+G model was used
for the Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian analyses generated 38
302 trees from which 28 728 were sampled after 25 % of the
trees were discarded as burn-in. The posterior probability values
(PP) were calculated from the 28 728 trees (Fig. 1 overview
Dothideomycetes; PP >0.74 shown). The alignment contained a
total of 345 unique site patterns.
Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes LSU phylogeny: The
alignment contained 44 isolates and Orbilia vinosa (GenBank
DQ470952.1) was used as outgroup. The final alignment
contained a total of 813 characters used for the phylogenetic
analyses, including alignment gaps. Based on the results of
MrModelTest, dirichlet base frequencies and the GTR+I+G
model was used for the Bayesian analyses. The Bayesian
analyses generated 9 702 trees from which 7 278 were sampled
after 25 % of the trees were discarded as burn-in. The posterior
probability values (PP) were calculated from the 7 278 trees (Fig.
2 overview Eurotiomycetes; PP >0.74 shown). The alignment
contained a total of 253 unique site patterns.
Sordariomycetes LSU phylogeny: The alignment contained
148 isolates and Candida broadrunensis (CBS 11838, GenBank
KY106372.1) was used as outgroup. The final alignment
contained a total of 761 characters used for the phylogenetic
analyses, including alignment gaps. Based on the results of
MrModelTest, dirichlet base frequencies and the GTR+I+G
model was used for the Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian analyses
generated 34 702 trees from which 26 028 were sampled after
25 % of the trees were discarded as burn-in. The posterior
probability values (PP) were calculated from the 26 028 trees
(Fig. 3 overview Sordariomycetes; first value: PP >0.74 shown).
The alignment contained a total of 361 unique site patterns.
Species phylogenies: Specific phylogenetic analyses were run
for selected species and the resulting phylogenies are discussed
in the species notes where applicable. Statistics associated with
those phylogenies are provided in the figure legends.
Taxonomy
Alfaria acaciae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824766. Fig. 4.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Etymology: Name refers to Acacia, the genus of the substrate
from which this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata sporodochial, surrounded by setae, black with dark
green to black slimy conidial masses, 80–250 µm diam. Setae
flexuous, unbranched, thick-walled, apex obtuse, dark brown,
verruculose, 3–6-septate, 100–150 × 5–7 µm. Conidiophores
densely aggregated, arising from hyaline basal stroma,
becoming pigmented and verruculose towards conidiogenous
region, subcylindrical, 3–5-septate, branched, 30–55 × 2–2.5
µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary,
subcylindrical, becoming pigmented and verruculose at upper
region, phialidic with periclinal thickening and flared collarette,
10–20 × 2–2.5 µm. Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid, straight,
apex subobtuse, base truncate, 1.5–2 µm diam, aseptate,
guttulate, granular, medium brown, smooth, (6–)8–10(–12) ×
(2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 50 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white to pale
luteous, reverse luteous. On PDA surface dirty white, reverse
pale luteous. On OA surface pale luteous.
Specimens examined: South Africa, Western Cape Province,
Stellenbosch, Helshoogte Pass, on leaves of Acacia propinqua
(Fabaceae), Jul. 2012, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23428, culture
ex-type CPC 31882 = CBS 143504); ibid., CPC 31940.
Notes: Alfaria cyperi-esculenti was originally described from
Cyperus esculentus in Spain, where it causes a serious foliar
disease (Crous et al. 2014). This species is currently known
only from its sexual morph, which complicates a morphological
comparison with the present, asexual isolate from South Africa.
Although phylogenetically closely related (Fig. 5), we regard them
as two distinct species (see bp differences below). Furthermore,
culture characteristics also differ between the two species, with
cultures of A. acaciae growing faster, and paler in colour than
the ochreous / apricot cultures of A. cyperi-esculenti (Crous et al.
2014).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were A.
cyperi-esculenti (GenBank KJ869143; Identities 567 / 577 (98 %),
5 gaps (0 %)), Myrothecium leucotrichum (GenBank AJ301992;
Identities 566 / 578 (98 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and A. thymi (GenBank
KU845990; Identities 559 / 572 (98 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). The ITS
sequences of CPC 31882 and 31940 are identical. The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were A. cyperi-esculenti
(GenBank KJ869200; Identities 803 / 804 (99 %), no gaps), A.
thymi (GenBank KU845999; Identities 824 / 828 (99 %), 1 gap
(0 %)) and A. caricicola (GenBank KU845992; Identities 822 /
828 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The highest similarities using the cmdA
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
171
0.99
0.01
Myriangiales
Capnodiales
Botryosphaeriales
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Pleosporales
0.98
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
Echinocatena arthrinioides CPC 28754
1
Ochroconis humicola KF156124.1
1
Ochroconis mirabilis KF282661.1
Sympoven0.98
turiaceae
Mycosisymbrium cirrhosum KR259884.1
Scolecobasidium cateniphorum EU107309.1
1
Verruconis verruculosa KF282668.1
Repetophragma goidanichii DQ408574.1
1
Sympodiella acicola KY853530.1
0.95 Cylindrosympodium lauri EU035414.1
0.95
Cylindrosympodium variabile KX228353.1
1
Venturiaceae
Tothia fuscella JF927786.1
0.99
Pseudoanungitea variabilis CBS 132716
1
Pseudoanungitea syzygii CBS 520.93
1 Pseudoanungitea vaccinii CPC 30522
Elsinoë salicina KX887049.1
1 Elsinoë mimosae CPC 18518
1
Elsinoë mimosae CPC 19478
Elsinoaceae
Elsinoë veneta KX887060.1
0.87
Elsinoë fici-caricae KX886987.1
0.94
Elsinoë rosarum KX887045.1
1
Pseudocercospora vitis GU214483.1
Pseudocercospora serpocaulonicola KT037566.1
Pseudocercospora trinidadensis KT290184.1
Pseudocercospora piricola KY048163.1
1
Pseudocercospora dingleyae KX286997.1 Mycosphaerellaceae
Pseudocercospora vassobiae KT290182.1
Pseudocercospora airliensis KM055433.1
Pseudocercospora proiphydis KM055434.1
Pseudocercospora breonadiae CPC 30153
Phyllosticta philoprina KF766341.1
1
Phyllosticta telopeae KF766384.1
Phyllosticta abieticola EU754193.1
Phyllostictaceae
0.81
Phyllosticta hakeicola CPC 32041
Phyllosticta foliorum KF206287.1
0.94
Phyllosticta philoprina DQ377878.1
Neooccultibambusa jonesii KY111437.1
Occultibambusaceae
Cyclothyriella rubronotata CPC 27604
1
Cyclothyriellaceae
Cyclothyriella rubronotata KX650541.1
Cyclothyriella rubronotata JX681121.1
Zopfiaceae
Didymocrea sadasivanii DQ384103.1
1 1
Pseudopithomyces atro-olivaceus LT671618.1
Pithomyces sacchari LK936378.1
Pleosporaceae
0.90
Pithomyces maydicus HG933821.1
Pithomyces chartarum LK936376.1
0.99
1
Sporidesmiella fusiformis DQ408577.1
Paracamarosporium fagi KR611904.1
Didymosphaeriaceae
Paracamarosporium fagi KY929183.1
1
Paracamarosporium sp. 1 KY929184.1
Pseudocamarosporium brabeji CPC 25002
0.96
Pseudocamarosporium brabeji CPC 25004
Pseudocamarosporium cotinae KY098790.1
Pseudocamarosporium africanum CPC 25926
1 Parathyridaria philadelphi CPC 30532
Parathyridaria robiniae KY511141.1
1
Parathyridaria ramulicola KF636775.1
1 0.98 Sporidesmium australiense DQ408554.1
Roussoella hysterioides AB524621.1
Thyridariaceae
Roussoella scabrispora KY000660.1
Roussoella euonymi CPC 31963
1
Roussoella mukdahanensis KU863118.1
1
Roussoella neopustulans KU863119.1
1 Arthopyrenia salicis LN907499.1
Roussoella intermedia KF443382.1
Venturiales
Crous et al.
Fig. 1. Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the Dothideomycetes LSU sequence alignment. Bayesian
posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.74 are shown at the nodes and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are
indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or culture collection numbers are indicated behind the species names. The
tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the novelties treated in this study for which LSU sequence data were available
are indicated in bold face.
172
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Teichospora uniseriata GU385206.1
Teichospora rubriostiolata KU601589.1
0.94
Teichospora melanommoides KU601585.1
Teichospora
acaciae KR611898.1
1
Teichospora kenyensis GU385188.1
Teichospora parva GU385195.1
Teichospora quercus CPC 30009
Teichospora tennesseensis GU385207.1
1
0.99
1 Teichospora mariae JN851819.1
Teichospora mariae KU601581.1
Aposphaeria corallinolutea KU243051.1
0.86
1 Fusiconidium lycopodiellae CPC 30371
Fusiconidium mackenziei KX611113.1
1 0.96
Camposporium antennatum KF156156.1
Wettsteinina macrotheca AY849969.1
Wettsteinina dryadis AY849968.1
Wettsteinina
philadelphi CPC 30534
0.75
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius GU456323.1
1 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius LC203344.1
Trematosphaeria pertusa DQ678072.1
Aposphaeria populina JF740265.1
Melanomma japonicum LC203338.1
Ascocylindrica marina KT252906.1
0.81
Medicopsis romeroi KF015621.1
Neohendersonia kickxii CPC 24865
1
Neohendersonia kickxii CBS 112403
Neohendersonia kickxii CBS 114276
Neocurbitaria unguis-hominis GQ387621.1
0.92
Neocurbitaria quercina GQ387620.1
Pyrenochaeta keratinophila LT966024.1
Neocucurbitaria cava KF590167.1
1
1
Neocucurbitaria cava CPC 32488 FUSE
Neocurbitaria cava EU754199.1
Pyrenochaeta nobilis GQ387615.1
Leptosphaeria rubefaciens JF740311.1
1
Subplenodomus iridicola CPC 30162 FUSE
Heterospora dimorphospora GU238069.1
0.99
Subplenodomus apiicola GU238040.1
Querciphoma carteri KF251712.1
0.76
Pyrenochaeta pinicola KJ869209.1
0.87
Setophaeosphaeria badalingensis KJ869219.1
0.95
Setophaeosphaeria sidae CBS 135108
1 Setophaeosphaeria citricola CPC 32083
Subplenodomus violicola GU238156.1
Subplenodomus galicola KY554199.1
0.83
Plenodomus deqinensis KY064031.1
0.86
Plenodomus enteroleucus JF740287.1
1
Plenodomus libanotidis JF740300.1
Sphaerellopsis filum KP170723.1
1 Sphaerellopsis macroconidiale KP170726.1
0.92
Sphaerellopsis hakeae KY173555.1
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata KP170729.1
1
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata CPC 32406
0.81
Plenodomus congestus JF740278.1
Coniothyrium telephii LN907332.1
Camarosporidiella aborescentis MF434203.1
1
Camarosporidiella arezzoensis KY929163.1
1
Cf. Camarosporidiella sp. 4 KY929167.1
Camarosporidiella mackenziei CPC 25960
0.95
Camarosporidiella mackenziei CPC 25962
0.89
1
Teichosporaceae
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Melanommataceae
Neohendersoniaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Pleosporales (continued)
Ascocylindricaceae
Incertae sedis
Leptosphaeriaceae / Pleosporaceae
Coniothyriaceae
Camarosporidiellaceae
0.01
Fig. 1. (Continued).
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
173
Orbilia vinosa DQ470952.1
Caliciopsis maxima COAD 1983
1
Caliciopsis nigra KP144011.1
1
Caliciopsis
pinea DQ678097.1
0.78
Coryneliaceae
Caliciopsis orientalis DQ470987.1
1
Caliciopsis beckhausii KP144010.1
1
Caliciopsis valentina KP144013.1
1
Exophiala dermatitidis AF050270.1
Capronia fungicola FJ358224.1
Rhinocladiella atrovirens EU041869.1
Exophiala eucalypticola CPC 32736
1
1 Exophiala xenobiotica FJ358246.1
Herpotrichiellaceae
Exophiala xenobiotica KC311483.1
Capronia sp. JN941378.1
1
Rhinocladiella quercus CPC 30459
Rhinocladiella quercus KX306794.1
Melanoctona tectonae KX258779.1
1 Minimelanolocus curvatus KR215609.1
Minimelanolocus asiaticus KR215610.1
0.91
Veronaea botryosa EU041874.1
0.90
Fonsecaea pedrosoi AF050276.1
0.99
Exophiala pisciphila DQ823101.1
Claussenomyces prasinulus KX090815.1
Helotiaceae
Belonioscyphella hypnorum KU900907.1
0.95
Chalara hughesii FJ176250.1
Incertae sedis
Colipila masduguana HQ694501.1
0.99
Fabrella tsugae AF356694.1
0.90
Cenangium ferruginosum KX090840.1
1
1
Trochila viburnicola CPC 30254
1
Cenangiaceae
Trochila laurocerasi KX090835.1
0.99
Vestigium trifidum KC407777.1
Chlorencoelia torta JN086703.1
1
0.90
Chlorencoelia versiformis KX090795.1
Calycellina populina JN086685.1
Hyaloscypha minuta KY769526.1
1
Hyaloscypha
monodictys JN086756.1
0.97
1 Haplographium delicatum CPC 31844
Haplographium catenatum FJ839657.1
1
Hyaloscyphaceae
Lambertella viburni AB926153.1
1
Protoventuria alpina EU035444.1
Cadophora fastigiata KF053591.1
0.98
Articulospora atra KP234353.1
1
Hydrocina
chaetocladia GQ477309.1
1
Tricladium chaetocladium GQ477320.1
Coryneliales
Crous et al.
Eurotiomycetes
Leotiomycetes
Helotiales
Chaetothyriales
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
0.05
Fig. 2. Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes LSU sequence alignment.
Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.74 are shown at the nodes and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and
classes are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or culture collection numbers are indicated behind the species
names. The tree was rooted to Orbilia vinosa (GenBank DQ470952.1) and the novelties treated in this study for which LSU sequence data were
available are indicated in bold face.
174
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Pezizomycetes
Sordariomycetes
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Xylariales
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
Tricharina gilva DQ220442.1
Tricharina praecox var. praecox JQ836562.1
1
Cheilymenia stercorea DQ220323.1
Pyronemataceae
Lotinia verna KP195728.1
Ramsbottomia crechqueraultii KC012698.1
1
Miladina lecithina DQ220372.1
Microdochium fisheri KP858951.1
1
1 Microdochium lycopodinum JF440979.1
Microdochium phragmitis KP858949.1
Microdochium neoqueenslandicum KP858938.1
Microdochium tainanense KP858945.1
0.98
Microdochium citrinidiscum KP858939.1
0.98
Microdochium sorghi KP858936.1
0.98
Microdochium chrysanthemoides KU746735.1
Microdochiaceae
Microdochium albescens KP858950.1
0.97
0.86
Microdochium seminicola KP858974.1
1
Microdochium colombiense KP858935.1
Microdochium musae CPC 11234
1
Microdochium musae CPC 11240
Microdochium musae CPC 32681
0.98
Microdochium musae CPC 16258
Microdochium musae CPC 32689
Microdochium musae CPC 32809
Atrotorquata spartii KP325443.1
Cainiaceae
1
Zygosporium
pseudogibbum
CPC
30421
1
Zygosporiaceae
Zygosporium gibbum KY853546.1
Kirstenboschia diospyri KF251660.1
Incertae sedis
Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica KY853543.1
1
Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica CPC 32324
Xyladictyochaetaceae fam. nov.
Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica CPC 32526
1
Phlogicylindrium mokarei KY173521.1
1
Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum EU040223.1
0.95
1
Phlogicylindrium uniforme JQ044445.1
1
1
Polyscytalum grevilleae CPC 25576
0.90
Polyscytalum eucalyptorum CBS 137967
Polyscytalum chilense CPC 31946
Phlogicylindriaceae
0.99
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum CPC 28762
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum CPC 31878
0.75
Polyscytalum nullicanum CBS 143406
Phlogicylindrium eucalypti DQ923534.1
Polyscytalum fecundissimum EU035441.1
1
Polyscytalum neofecundissimum CPC 31826
Pezizales
New and interesting fungi
0.05
Fig. 3. Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the Pezizomycetes and Sordariomycetes LSU sequence alignment.
Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.74 are shown at the nodes and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and
classes are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or culture collection numbers are indicated behind the species
names. The tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the novelties treated in this study for which LSU sequence data
were available are indicated in bold face.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
175
Valsa mali AF362559.1
Cytospora centrivillosa MF190068.1
Cytospora viticola CPC 30117
Valsa germanica JX524618.1
Valsa ambiens AF362564.1
0.97
Cytospora ambiens EU255208.1
0.99
0.80
Cytospora tanaitica KT459412.1
Cytospora cotini KX430143.1
Myrmecridium sorbicola CPC 30455
1
Myrmecridium banksiae NG_042684.1
1
Myrmecridium schulzeri EU041835.1
Myrmecridium spartii KR611902.1
0.98
Vermiculariopsiella acaciae KX228314.1
1 Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali KX306796.1
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali CPC 32057
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali CPC 32544
Vermiculariopsiella immersa KJ476961.1
Chaetosphaeria preussii AF178561.1
1
Chaetosphaeria
pygmaea AF178545.1
0.83
1
Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa AF466076.1
0.99 Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa AF178552.1
Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa CPC 31840
1
0.97 Pseudolachnea hispidula AB934048.1
Pseudolachnea fraxini JQ889301.1
Codinaeopsis gonytrichoides AF178556.1
Dictyochaeta septata CPC 31949
1
Rattania setulifera HM171322.1
Thozetella fabacearum KY212762.1
1
Thozetella nivea EU825200.1
0.91
Thozetella pinicola EU825195.1
0.98
Chaetosphaeria rivularia KR347357.1
Dictyochaeta mimusopis CPC 29987
1
0.79
Codinaea pini KP004493.1
1
Dictyochaeta simplex AF178559.1
Colletotrichum acutatum JN939926.1
Colletotrichum nymphaeae JN939911.1
Colletotrichum
godetiae KU973721.1
1
Colletotrichum abscissum KT122409.1
Glomerella acutata DQ286133.1
Colletotrichum fioriniae JN939914.1
0.81
Colletotrichum kniphofiae CPC 30166
1
Paracremonium contagium KP012631.1
1
Paracremonium variiforme KU746739.1
Varicosporellopsis aquatilis KU233189.1
0.96
Varicosporellopsis aquatilis JW75003
Alfaria caricicola KU845992.1
1
Alfaria thymi KU845999.1
1
Alfaria acaciae CPC 31882
0.93
Alfaria acaciae CPC 31940
1
Alfaria cyperi-esculenti KJ869200.1
Stachybotrys parvispora KP893307.1
1 Sirastachys castanedae KU846771.1
Sirastachys phaeospora KU846779.1
0.90
Sirastachys pandanicola KU846777.1
0.88
Sirastachys phyllophila KU846784.1
1
Sirastachys cyperacearum CPC 32087
1
Cytosporaceae
Diaporthales
Crous et al.
0.05
Fig. 3. (Continued).
176
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Glomerellaceae
Glomerellales
Chaetosphaeriaceae
Stachybotryaceae
Hypocreales
Nectriaceae
Sordariomycetes (continued)
Myrmecridiales
Vermiculariopsiellaceae
Chaetosphaeriales
Myrmecridiaceae
Vermiculariopsiellales
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 4. Alfaria acaciae (CBS 143504). A. Colony on OA. B. Conidioma with seta. C–E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Stachybotrys chlorohalonata CBS 222.46 KU846744.1
T
Alfaria acaciae CBS 143504 sp. nov.
71
T
Alfaria cyperi-esculenti CBS 138270 KJ869143.1
79
100
98
Alfaria thymi CBS 447.83 T KU845990.1
Alfaria caricicola CBS 113567 T KU845983.1
T
Alfaria ossiformis CBS 324.54 KU845984.1
100 83
Alfaria dandenongensis CBS 143399 T MG386063.1
99
66
CBS 112038 KU845986.1
CBS 112037 T KU845985.1
Alfaria putrefolia
CBS 168.97 KU845987.1
96
94
10
CBS 127305 KU845989.1
Alfaria terrestris
CBS 477.91 T KU845988.1
Fig. 5. Single most parsimonious tree obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the Alfaria ITS alignment (12 strains including the outgroup; 538
characters analysed: 306 constant, 46 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 186 parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to Stachybotrys
chlorohalonata (GenBank KU846744.1) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown at
the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of the tree, or before the culture
collection and GenBank accession numbers. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status. Tree statistics: TL = 130, CI = 0.900, RI = 0.892, RC =
0.803.
sequence of CPC 31882 were A. terrestris (GenBank KU845979;
Identities 479 / 544 (88 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), Gregatothecium
humicola (GenBank KU846285; Identities 475 / 544 (87 %), 7
gaps (1 %)) and A. ossiformis (GenBank KU845977; Identities
461 / 545 (85 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). The highest similarities using
the rpb2 sequence of CPC 31882 were A. putrefolia (GenBank
KU846003; Identities 624 / 704 (89 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), A. ossiformis
(GenBank KU846002; Identities 620 / 710 (87 %), 3 gaps (0 %))
and A. caricicola (GenBank KU846001; Identities 536 / 597 (90
%), no gaps). The rpb2 sequences of CPC 31882 and 31940 were
identical. The highest similarities using the tef1 sequence of CPC
31882 were A. terrestris (GenBank KU846010; Identities 321 /
378 (85 %), 26 gaps (6 %)), A. caricicola (GenBank KU846008;
Identities 370 / 441 (84 %), 20 gaps (4 %)) and A. ossiformis
(GenBank KU846009; Identities 313 / 373 (84 %), 27 gaps (7 %)).
The tef1 sequences of CPC 31882 and 31940 were identical. The
highest similarities using the tub2 sequence of CPC 31882 were
A. terrestris (GenBank KU846019; Identities 331 / 348 (95 %), 3
gaps (0 %)), A. putrefolia (GenBank KU846017; Identities 330 /
347 (95 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and A. ossiformis (GenBank KU846015;
Identities 328 / 348 (94 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Caliciopsis maxima (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Höhn., Sitzungsber
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 128: 84. 1919.
Fig. 6.
Basionym: Capnodium maximum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, J. Linn.
Soc., Bot. 10(46): 391. 1868 (1869).
Stromata mostly abaxial, limited to sporangial sori of ferns,
hidden from view beneath the host sporangia until black
ascigerous, bristle-like stromatic columnar tubes push up and
protrude from the sori, or otherwise are produced on wounded
tissues, sometimes bordering entire pinnules; not associated
with discoloration or necrosis of the opposite surface of the
frond; rarely adaxial; starting as minute, erumpent cushions,
increasing in diameter and thickness after emergence.
Ascigerous columns long-stalked, prominently beaked,
undergoing repeated apical proliferation; additional stromatic
column material is formed in a renewed vegetative growth
phase at the funnel-shaped apex of each stalk; the process
is repeated as many as five times; primary column usually
longer, reaching up to 1.7 mm long, all columns formed later,
not exceeding 700 µm in length; stalk long, slender, flexuous,
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
177
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 6. Caliciopsis maxima (CPC 24674, VIC 42568). A. Habitat where the fungus and host (Niphidium crassifolium) was found – note growth of
fern as an epiphyte on trunk of araucaria. B–D. Detail of fern sporangia colonized by the fungus. E–F. Detail of the ascospores aggregate formed
by ascospores release. G. Squashed terminal portion of the ascomata, note the pulvurulent reddish-brown mass of ascospores. H. Detail of the
percurrent proliferation of the ascoma. I. Vertical section of the upper portion of an ascoma. J. Spermogonium at the base of columnar ascomata. K.
Vertical section of spermogonium, containing spermatia. L. Asci. M. Ascospores. N. Culture on PCA. Scale bars: G, I = 5 µm, K–M = 10 µm.
35–50 µm diam, covered with brown hyphae. Ascigenous
swelling (locules) subterminal, ellipsoid, 125–150 µm diam,
200–350 µm in length, apical dehiscence, forming a reddish
brown pulverulent of terminally aggregated ascospores. Asci
bitunicate, evanescent, obclavate, pedicellate, straight or
slightly curved, 15–17 × 8–10 µm, 8-spored, aparaphysate,
hyaline, smooth. Ascospores inordinate, overlapping, globose
or subglobose, 3–4 µm diam, aseptate, eguttulate, yellowish
brown, thin-walled, smooth. Spermogonium subglobose,
sessile or short stipitate, papillate, often covered in pale brown
hyphae, aggregated below ascomatal tubes, black, smooth.
Spermatia unicellular, narrowly fusiform, 11–24 × 3–4 µm,
hyaline, smooth.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PCA slow-growing, 15–20
mm diam after 1 mo; irregular, convex with papillate surface,
edges entire, aerial mycelium sparse to absent, composed of
black hyphal tufts, vinaceous buff towards periphery, pigmenting
the medium with cinnamon taint; sepia in reverse; colonies
sterile.
Specimens examined: Cuba, on fronds of Niphidium sp. (Polypodiaceae)
(originally identified as Polypodium sp.), 1941, Wright (holotype CUP029913). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, on fronds of Niphidium
crassifolium (Polypodiaceae), 5 Nov. 2011, R.W. Barreto (epitype
178
designated here VIC 42568, MBT373013, culture ex-epitype COAD
1983 = CPC 24674); ibid, on fronds of Microgramma squamulosa
(Polypodiaceae), 10 Oct. 2013, R.W. Barreto (VIC 42602).
Notes: The epitype specimen of Caliciopsis maxima
(Coryneliaceae) proposed here closely matches the morphology
of the holotype and several additional collections studied by
Fitzpatrick (1942), including one recorded on the same host
and location in Brazil (NY-02928724). On all materials, stromata
were produced on sori of sporangia, or on wounded tissues, not
associated with discoloration or tissue necrosis of the opposite
surface of the frond. Ascigerous columns had a tendency to
undergo repeated apical proliferation, a feature that differs
from all other known species; ascospores are typically globose
or subglobose, yellowish brown, 3–4 µm diam (Fitzpatrick
1942). Based on phylogenetic evidence, the genus resides
in the Coryneliaceae, within the Eurotiomycetes, as recently
demonstrated through molecular analysis (Prieto et al. 2013,
Garrido-Benavent & Pérez-Ortega 2015, Wood et al. 2016). In
the combined ITS-LSU analysis (Fig. 7), C. maxima clustered in
a basal position, suggesting that the fungal species associated
with ferns are evolutionarily basal to the evolution of their
relatives, as previously demonstrated for the cercosporoid and
mycosphaerella-like species occurring on ferns (Guatimosim et
al. 2016).
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
2x
Spiromastix tentaculata CBS 184.92
T (AY527406.1/AY176722.1)
2x
Hamigera avellanea DTO 63F6
2x
Caliciopsis maxima CPC 24674
1
Caliciopsis nigra MA 18191
Caliciopsis beckhausii MA 18186
2x
0.83
1
0.76
0.99
Eurotiales
(GU968675.1/AB000620.1)
T
(missing/KP144011.1)
T (KP144005.1/KP144010.1)
MA 18176T (KP144006.1/KP144012.1)
MA 18177
(KP144009.1/KP144014.1)
MA 18179
(KP144008.1/KP144013.1)
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Caliciopsis valentina
Coryneliales
T (GQ259981.1/GQ259980.1)
Caliciopsis indica GFCC 4947
0.89
Caliciopsis calicioides 211
0.66
Caliciopsis orientalis CBS 138.64
(JX968549.1/missing)
T (missing/DQ470987.1)
Caliciopsis pinea (=ventricosa?) CBS 139.64
(missing/DQ678097.1)
0.02
Fig. 7. Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the combined ITS and LSU alignment of Caliciopsis species.
Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. The tree was rooted to
Spiromastix tentaculata (culture CBS 184.92) and the novelty treated in this study is highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. A superscript
T denotes strains with a type status. GenBank accession and/or culture collection numbers are indicated behind the species names. Orders are
indicated to the very right of the tree. The more basal branches were halved to facilitate easier layout. The ITS partition had 198 unique site patterns
and the LSU partition had 139 unique site patterns out of the included 548 and 853 characters respectively.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Corynelia uberata (GenBank KU204606; Identities 474 / 544
(87 %), 21 gaps (3 %)), Caliciopsis pinea (GenBank KY099604;
Identities 323 / 361 (89 %), 6 gaps (1 %)) and C. beckhausii
(GenBank NR_132090; Identities 330 / 370 (89 %), 11 gaps (2
%)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were C.
nigra (GenBank KP144011; Identities 771 / 825 (93 %), 5 gaps (0
%)), C. pinea (GenBank DQ678097; Identities 779 / 839 (93 %), 6
gaps (0 %)) and C. valentina (GenBank KP144013; Identities 780
/ 842 (93 %), 6 gaps (0 %)).
diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, bitunicate, fissitunicate, thickwalled, apically roundish, pedicel short and furcate, inamyloid
(water plus Lugol), 131–210 × 15–16 µm, ascospores oblique
uniseriate. Ascospores 8(–10)-celled, muriform, ellipsoid,
mostly straight, both parts of the spore approx. equal in size,
end cells conical or roundish, wall golden brownish, thick and
always smooth, median septum constricted, otherwise smooth
to faintly constricted, thick-walled and reddish, one longitudinal
septum per cell, end cells aseptate, plasma eguttulate, without
a gelatinous sheath and appendages, examined in water, living
and mature, 30–35(–44) × 10–12.5 µm (av. 31.4 × 11.5).
Camarosporidiella mackenziei Wanas. et al., Stud. Mycol. 87:
236. 2017. Fig. 8.
Culture characteristics: Colonies spreading, with fluffy, moderate
to abundant aerial mycelium. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and
reverse dark mouse grey.
Conidiomata separate, pycnidial, globose, 150–200 µm diam,
with central ostiole; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells tightly aggregated, lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical to ampulliform or doliiform, proliferating
percurrently at apex, 5–8 × 3–4 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline,
smooth, guttulate to granular, subcylindrical to ellipsoid, apex
obtusely rounded, base truncate, (3–)4–5(–6) × (2–)2.5(–3)
µm. Ascomata pseudothecial, intra- to subcorticolous, singly
to densely crowded, tufted if fully developed, erumpent,
subglobose with flattened base, later somewhat fusing at the
base, ostiole central and indistinct, black, finely rough, thick, soft,
basally with a few red brown, thick-walled, smooth and gnarled
hyphae, 0.5–0.75 mm diam. Peridium multi-layered, consisting
of a textura angularis with red brown, thick-walled and smooth
cells, inner layer hyaline, cells 10–17 µm diam. Pseudoparaphyses
numerous, longer than the asci, basally moniliform otherwise
cylindrical and filiform, short celled, multi-celled, branched,
with a few anastomoses, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, septa in
the upper part smooth and thin-walled, eguttulate, 3–4 µm in
Specimens examined: Finland, Outokumpu, on twig of Caragana
sp. (Fabaceae), 31 Dec. 2014, M. Pennanen, specimen CBS H-23430,
culture CPC 25960 = CBS 144200; ibid., CPC 25962.
Notes: Isolates CPC 25960 and CPC 25962 were treated as
“Camarosporium sp. 2” in Crous & Groenewald (2017). The species
was subsequently placed in the genus Camarosporidiella by
Wanasinghe et al. (2017), clustering within the C. mackenziei clade.
The latter taxon was described from twigs of Caragana arborescens
collected in Russia. Although the present collection produced only
the microconidial morph in culture, the sexual morph was observed
on host tissue, which is a new observation for this species.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence of
CPC 25960, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide
database were C. mackenziei (GenBank MF434159; Identities
542 / 543 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), C. melnikii (GenBank MF434162;
Identities 540 / 544 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and C. caraganicola
(GenBank MF434124; Identities 540 / 544 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)).
The highest similarities using the LSU sequence of CPC 25960,
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
179
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 8. Camarosporidiella mackenziei (CPC 25960). A. Ascomata on host tissue. B, C. Asci. D. Ascospores. E. Conidioma. F–H. Conidiogenous cells. I.
Conidia. Scale bars: A = 0.75 mm, E = 200 mm, all others = 10 mm.
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were C. aborescentis (GenBank MF434203; Identities 821 /
822 (99 %), no gaps), “Cf. Camarosporium sp. 4” (GenBank
KY929167; Identities 821 / 822 (99 %), no gaps) and C. arezzoensis
(GenBank KY929163; Identities 821 / 822 (99 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the tef1 sequence of CPC 25960, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were C.
mackenziei (GenBank MF434423; Identities 904 / 907 (99 %), no
gaps), C. italica (GenBank MF434415; Identities 899 / 907 (99 %),
no gaps) and C. arborescentis (GenBank MF434380; Identities
899 / 907 (99 %), no gaps).
Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa (Fr.) C. Booth, Mycol. Pap. 68: 5.
1957. Fig. 9.
Basionym: Sphaeria myriocarpa Fr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Hand.
267. 1817.
Synonym: Sphaeria myriocarpa Fr., Syst. mycol. 2(2): 459. 1823.
Mycelium consisting of medium brown, verruculose, branched,
septate, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect,
subcylindrical, flexuous, unbranched, at times rejuvenating
percurrently in apical part, 1–5-septate, dark brown, thick-walled,
roughened in lower region, 35–100 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidiogenous
cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical
to obovoid, 25–30 × 2.5–3 µm; apex with flared collarette, 2–3 µm
diam. Conidia occurring in chains, aggregating in mucoid mass,
hyaline, smooth, apex obtuse, abruptly tapering to a truncate
base, creating triangular conidia, 2.5–3 × 2.5 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
to moderate aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins,
reaching 25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface and reverse iron-grey.
180
Specimen examined: Ukraine, Ternopil region, Zalischyky district,
Dniester Canyon, on decaying wood of Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae),
5 Oct. 2016, A. Akulov, specimen ex CWU (MYC) AS 6049 (dried culture
CBS H-23426, culture CPC 31840 = CBS 143389).
Notes: Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa is commonly isolated from
dead woody substrates in Europe, and represents a new record
for Ukraine. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Ch. myriocarpa (GenBank JF340253; Identities 483 / 490 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)), Ch. pygmaea (GenBank AF178545; Identities 473 /
496 (95 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Phialophora phaeophora (GenBank
AF083191; Identities 503 / 533 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were Ch. myriocarpa
(GenBank AF178552; Identities 841 / 841 (100 %), no gaps),
Ch. pygmaea (GenBank AF178545; Identities 837 / 843 (99 %),
2 gaps (0 %)) and Ch. preussii (GenBank AF178561; Identities
816 / 835 (98 %), no gaps). Only distant matches were obtained
with the tub2 sequence, e.g. with Chaetomium jodhpurense
(GenBank KP336854; Identities 292 / 361 (81 %), 19 gaps (5 %)).
Colletotrichum kniphofiae Crous & Denman, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824769. Fig. 10.
Etymology: Name refers to Kniphofia, the host genus from which
it was isolated.
Asexual morph on OA (sterile on other media). Conidiomata
acervular, conidiophores formed on a cushion of pale brown,
angular cells, 6–15 mm diam. Setae rarely observed in culture,
brown, flexuous, verruculose, tapering to subobtuse apices,
5–8-septate, up to 100 mm long. Conidiophores hyaline, septate,
branched, smooth-walled, up to 60 mm long. Conidiogenous
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 9. Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa (CBS 143389). A. Conidiophores on SNA. B–D. Conidiophores. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Fig. 10. Colletotrichum kniphofiae (CBS 143496). A. Colony on OA. B–D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
cells hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, 12–20 × 4–7 mm, phialidic with
periclinal thickening. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate,
straight, rarely curved, prominently multi-guttulate, fusoid to
subcylindrical, apex obtuse, tapering at base to truncate hilum,
2 µm diam, (17–)25–28(–37) × (5–)6(–7) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, covering dish after
2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white with patches of
olivaceous grey, reverse amber with patches of olivaceous grey.
On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey with patches of
smoke grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Specimen examined: UK, England, Upton Grey, on leaves of Kniphofia
uvaria (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 28 Mar. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-23432, culture ex-type CPC 30166 = CBS 143496); ibid., CPC 30168.
Notes: Sexual morph not observed, but ascospores harvested
from plant material, indicating that a sexual morph exists.
Colletotrichum kniphofiae was isolated from dead leaves of
Kniphofia, and nothing is known regarding its ecology, and no
species of Colletotrichum have been described from this host.
Supported by its distinct DNA phylogeny (Fig. 11), we believe
this collection represents a distinct species.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence of
CPC 30166, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide
database were Co. godetiae (GenBank KX756147; Identities 567
/ 575 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Co. pyricola (GenBank KU963516;
Identities 565 / 575 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Co. salicis (GenBank
KU498278; Identities 565 / 575 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The ITS
sequences of CPC 30166 and CPC 30168 are identical. The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence of CPC 30166 were
Co. godetiae (GenBank KU973721; Identities 837 / 839 (99 %),
no gaps), Co. acutatum (GenBank JN939926; Identities 837 / 839
(99 %), no gaps) and Co. fioriniae (GenBank JN939914; Identities
837 / 839 (99 %), no gaps). The highest similarities using the actA
sequence were Co. destructivum (GenBank AY157843; Identities
596 / 657 (91 %), 16 gaps (2 %)), Co. kahawae (GenBank KU579251;
Identities 595 / 659 (90 %), 26 gaps (3 %)) and Co. orbiculare
(GenBank AB778553; Identities 584 / 654 (89 %), 22 gaps (3 %)).
The highest similarities using the chs1 sequence were Co. salicis
(GenBank JQ949131; Identities 245 / 252 (97 %), no gaps), Co.
godetiae (GenBank KY171916; Identities 244 / 252 (97 %), no
gaps) and Co. rhombiforme (GenBank JQ949118; Identities 243 /
252 (97 %), no gaps). The highest similarities using the gapdh
sequence were Co. pyricola (GenBank KU221341; Identities 560 /
604 (93 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Co. nymphaeae (GenBank KP339289;
Identities 556 / 602 (92 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Co. fioriniae
(GenBank KF944354; Identities 542 / 589 (92 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
The highest similarities using the tub2 sequence were with Co.
phormii (GenBank KX069820.1; Identities 386 / 413 (93 %), 7
gaps (1 %)), Co. australe (GenBank JQ950106.1; Identities 385 /
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
181
Crous et al.
Colletotrichum orchidophilum CBS 632.80
100
CBS 129948
(JQ949665.1/JQ949005.1/JQ948674.1/JQ948344.1)
CBS 128517
T (JQ949613.1/JQ948953.1/JQ948622.1/JQ948292.1)
CBS 981.69
(JQ949648.1/JQ948988.1/JQ948657.1/JQ948327.1)
63
97
CBS 112996 T
100
CBS 979.69
CBS 361.79
65
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
100
100
T (JQ949472.1/JQ948812.1/JQ948481.1/JQ948151.1)
XTG05
(JQ005839.1/JQ005797.1/JQ948677.1/JQ005776.1)
Colletotrichum acutatum
(JQ949721.1/JQ949061.1/JQ948731.1/JQ948400.1)
(JQ949569.1/JQ948909.1/JQ948578.1/JQ948248.1)
CBS 515.78 T
63
Colletotrichum fioriniae
(JQ949518.1/JQ948858.1/JQ948527.1/JQ948197.1)
Colletotrichum nymphaeae
(KF488578.1/missing/KF975660.1/KF515692.1)
CBS 129937
(JQ949574.1/JQ948914.1/JQ948583.1/JQ948253.1)
Colletotrichum kniphofiae CBS 143496T sp. nov.
100
88
CBS 129356
CBS 607.94
99
100
(JQ949791.1/JQ949131.1/JQ948801.1/JQ948470.1)
Colletotrichum salicis
T (JQ949781.1/JQ949121.1/JQ948791.1/JQ948460.1)
CBS 129953 T
CBS 131322
100
58
98
25
SAG 60192
(JQ949766.1/JQ949106.1/JQ948776.1/JQ948445.1)
(KU963518.1/missing/KU963517.1/KU963516.1)
Colletotrichum pyricola
(JQ949758.1/JQ949098.1/JQ948768.1/JQ948437.1)
CBS 133.44 T
Col508
Colletotrichum rhombiforme
(JQ949779.1/JQ949119.1/JQ948789.1/JQ948458.1)
CBS 128531 T
CBS 862.70
93
91
(JQ949778.1/JQ949118.1/JQ948788.1/JQ948457.1)
(JQ949723.1/JQ949063.1/JQ948733.1/JQ948402.1)
Colletotrichum godetiae
(KY171908.1/KY171916.1/KY171932.1/KY171892.1)
Fig. 11. The first of three equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the combined actA, chs-1, gapdh and ITS alignment
representing Colletotrichum species (20 strains including the outgroup; 1 301 characters analysed: 1 038 constant, 106 variable and parsimonyuninformative and 157 parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to Colletotrichum orchidophilum (culture CBS 632.80) and the scale bar indicates
the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and
bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of the tree and GenBank accession numbers are indicated behind the culture collection numbers.
A superscript T denotes strains with a type status and branches present in the strict consensus tree are thickened. Tree statistics: TL = 366, CI = 0.839,
RI = 0.904, RC = 0.758.
Fig. 12. Cyclothyriella rubronotata (CPC 27604). A. Colony on OA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
413 (93 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and Co. scovillei (GenBank KY475561.1;
Identities 384 / 414 (93 %), 8 gaps (1 %)).
Cyclothyriella rubronotata (Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch &
Voglmayr, Stud. Mycol. 85: 41. 2016. Fig. 12.
Basionym: Melogramma rubronotatum Berk. & Broome, Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 3: 375. 1859.
Conidiomata erumpent, globose, 200–250 µm diam, with
central ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis.
Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, reduced to conidiogenous
cells or with a single supporting cell. Conidiogenous cells hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 6–12 × 3–5 µm; apex
with prominent periclinal thickening, rarely with percurrent
182
proliferation. Conidia solitary, brown, smooth, thin-walled,
guttulate, subcylindrical, mostly straight, apex obtuse, base
truncate, (4.5–)5(–6) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies spreading, flat on OA, erumpent
on MEA and PDA, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery
margins, reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA
surface dirty white, reverse apricot, on OA surface pale violet,
on PDA surface coral with flesh in outer region, reverse sienna
with patches of umber.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on twig of Ailanthus
altissima (Simaroubaceae), 4 Jun. 2015, R.K. Schumacher (specimen
CBS H-23423, culture CPC 27604 = CBS 144201).
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Notes: The genus Cyclothyriella was recently introduced by
Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (2016), who also treated the taxonomic
history of this genus in detail. The asexual morph isolated in
this study closely resembles that described and illustrated by
Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (2016), who reported conidia as (2–)4.5–
6(–6.5) × (2–) 2.7–3.5(–4) μm, first hyaline, becoming medium
brown with age. This fungus is common in Europe, and here we
present a culture from Germany to supplement the Austrian
material studied by Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (2016).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Cyclothyriella rubronotata (GenBank NR_147651; Identities 564
/ 564 (100 %), no gaps), Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (GenBank
KY189979; Identities 400 / 476 (84 %), 20 gaps (4 %)) and
Ascochyta medicaginicola (GenBank KX381183; Identities 359
/ 419 (86 %), 10 gaps (2 %)). The highest similarities using the
LSU sequence were Cy. rubronotata (GenBank KX650541;
Identities 833 / 833 (100 %), no gaps), Thyridaria rubronotata
(GenBank JX681121; Identities 833 / 833 (100 %), no gaps) and
Neooccultibambusa jonesii (GenBank KY111437; Identities 781 /
812 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Cylindriaceae Crous & L. Lombard, fam. nov. MycoBank
MB824770.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
hyphae. Conidiophores aggregated in sporodochia, or solitary,
erect; hyphae and basal part of conidiophores becoming pale
brown, smooth, subcylindrical, erect, septate, branched.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, with several sympodial flat-tipped loci,
unthickened, not darkened. Ramoconidia hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, subcylindrical. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth,
arranged in long, branched chains, scars unthickened, slightly
refractive.
Type genus: Cylindrium Bonord.
Note: The genus Cylindrium, based on C. elongatum, was
regarded by Lombard et al. (2015) as incertae sedis, and thus
Cylindriaceae is herewith introduced to accommodate this
genus.
Cylindrium algarvense (Cheew. & Crous) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824771.
Basionym: Polyscytalum algarvense Cheew. & Crous, Persoonia
23: 73. 2009.
Description and illustration: Cheewangkoon et al. (2009).
Specimen examined: Portugal, Faro, Algarve, on Eucalyptus sp.
(Myrtaceae), 24 Jan. 2007, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-20289, culture
ex-type CPC 14936 = CBS 124770); ibid. (CPC 14937, CPC 14938).
Note: See discussion under Polyscytalum and Fig. 13.
Cylindrium purgamentum (Crous) Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank
MB824772.
Basionym: Polyscytalum purgamentum Crous, Persoonia 37:
363. 2016.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2016a).
Specimen examined: USA, Texas, Austin, on leaf litter, Aug. 2013, P.W.
Crous (holotype CBS H-22899, culture ex-type CPC 29580 = CBS 142114).
Note: See discussion under Polyscytalum and Fig. 13.
Cylindrium syzygii (Crous & R.G. Shivas) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824773.
Basionym: Pseudoidriella syzygii Crous & R.G. Shivas, Persoonia
27: 135. 2011.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2011).
Specimen examined: Australia, Queensland, Mackay, Eungella National
Park, on leaves of Syzygium sp. (Myrtaceae), 14 Jul. 2009, P.W. Crous &
K.L. Crous, (holotype CBS H-20758, cultures ex-type CPC 17233 = CBS
131307).
Note: See discussion under Polyscytalum and Fig. 13. By placing
Pseudoidriella syzygii in Cylindrium, the genus Pseudoidriella is
also reduced to synonymy with Cylindrium. This suggests that
the conidiomata of Cylindrium could be reduced to solitary
conidiophores, as well as sporodochia, as observed in this
species. Interestingly enough, an LSU sequence attributed to
Tristratiperidium microsporum also clustered in this clade (Fig.
3), which completely disagrees with the morphology of this
fungus. This suggests that this sequence (MFLUCC) should be
reconsidered. The ITS sequence from the same culture placed
Tristratiperidium microsporum with Kirstenboschia diospyri
(Fig. 13).
Cytospora viticola D.P. Lawr. et al., Pl. Pathol. 66: 718. 2017. Fig.
14.
Conidiomata (on PDA) with stromata up to 500 mm diam,
rosette cytosporoid, subdivided by invaginations, up to four
radially arranged. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, branched,
1–3-septate, 15–20 × 2–3 mm, immersed in a mucilaginous
layer. Conidiogenous cells phialidic with periclinal thickening
and apical taper, 10–15 × 1.5–2 mm. Conidia hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, allantoid, aseptate, (5–)6–7(–7.5) × 1(–1.5) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies spreading, with sparse aerial
mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, covering dish after 1 mo
at 25 °C. On MEA surface isabelline, reverse brown vinaceous.
On PDA surface and reverse. On OA surface sepia.
Specimen examined: Hungary, Pécs wine region, on stems of Vitis
vinifera (Vitaceae), 5 Nov. 2014, K.Z. Váczy (specimen CBS H-23278,
culture T15 / 464 = CPC 30117 = CBS 143162).
Notes: Species of Cytospora are commonly known from woody
plants and generally have wide host ranges. Two Cytospora
species, C. vinacea and C. viticola, causing dieback and cankers
of grapevines in the USA were recently described (Lawrence
et al. 2017). Other species known from Vitis include C.
ceratosperma (CBS 397.36), as well as the European taxa C.
vitis and Valsa vitis, which are insufficiently known, and for
which we could not trace type material. The isolate described
here was associated with cankers on grapevines in Hungary,
and is similar to C. viticola.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
183
Crous et al.
Arthrinium phragmites CPC 18900 T KF144909.1
Cylindrium sp. 3 ICMP 18913 JN225902.1
Cylindrium sp. 1 ICMP 18787 JN225904.1
86
T
Cylindrium purgamentum CBS 142114 KY173435.1 comb. nov.
99
68
Cylindrium aeruginosum CBS 693.83 KM231854.1
59
T
Cylindrium algarvense CBS 124770 GQ303287.1 comb. nov.
69
Cylindrium sp. 2 ICMP 18843 JN225903.1
54
3x
Cylindrium
Cylindrium elongatum CBS 685.83A KM231852.1
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Cylindrium elongatum CBS 115974 KM231853.1
T
100
Cylindrium syzygii CBS 131307 JQ044421.1 comb. nov.
T
Castanediella acaciae CBS 139896 KR476728
100
Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata MUCL 41089 EU040235.1
100
T
Parapleurotheciopsis /
Castanediella
Parapleurotheciopsis caespitosa CBS 519.93 comb. nov.
T
Kirstenboschia diospyri CBS 134911 KF251156.1
100
97
T
Tristratiperidium microsporum MFLUCC 15-0413 KT696538.1
Kirstenboschia /
Tristratiperidium
Phlogicylindrium tereticornis CBS 143168 T MG386042.1
100
95
Phlogicylindrium eucalypti CBS 120080 T DQ923534.1
Phlogicylindrium uniforme CBS 131312 T JQ044426.1
98
T
Phlogicylindrium mokarei CBS 142103 KY173431.1
82
CBS 120221 T EU040223.1
66
98
CPC 12427 EU040222.1
50
CBS 111689 KF251205.1
96
74
Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum
CBS 111680 KF251204.1
CPC 31878
T
CBS 142102 KY173383.1
84
Phlogicylindrium
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum
T
Polyscytalum nullicanum CBS 143406 MG386058.1 comb. nov.
100
T
Polyscytalum neofecundissimum CBS 143390 sp. nov.
Polyscytalum fecundissimum CBS 100506 EU035441.1
T
Polyscytalum grevilleae CBS 141282 KX228252.1 comb. nov.
Polyscytalum
T
Polyscytalum eucalyptorum CBS 137967 KJ869118.1 comb. nov.
89
T
Polyscytalum chilense CBS 143387 sp. nov.
51
99
“Phlogicylindrium” sp. 3 ICMP 18845 JN225901.1
“Phlogicylindrium” sp. 2 ICMP 18859 JN225900.1
76
“Phlogicylindrium” sp. 1 ICMP 18826 JN225899.1
25
Fig. 13. The first of 72 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the ITS alignment representing the genera Cylindrium,
Parapleurotheciopsis, Phlogicylindrium and Polyscytalum (34 strains including the outgroup; 538 characters analysed: 309 constant, 49 variable and
parsimony-uninformative and 180 parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to Arthrinium phragmites (GenBank KF144909.1) and the scale bar
indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured
box and bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of the tree, or before the culture collection and GenBank accession numbers. Genera
are indicated to the very right of the tree. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status and branches present in the strict consensus tree are
thickened. The most basal branch was shortened three times to facilitate easier layout. Tree statistics: TL = 634, CI = 0.565, RI = 0.777, RC = 0.439.
Fig. 14. Cytospora viticola (CBS 143162). A. Colony on PNA. B. Colony on OA. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
184
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 15. Dictyochaeta mimusopsis (CBS 143435). A. Colony on OA. B–E. Conidiophores. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Cy. sibiraeae (GenBank KR045651; Identities 566 / 591 (96 %),
8 gaps (1 %)), Cy. chrysosperma (GenBank KT692596; Identities
568 / 594 (96 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and Cy. germanica (GenBank
KX168596; Identities 563 / 590 (95 %), 7 gaps (1 %)). Our ITS
sequence is identical to Cy. viticola (GenBank KX256239;
Identities 423 / 423 (100 %), no gaps), but was not a result in
the megablast search as roughly half of the first internal spacer
region sequence is missing for the deposited sequences of that
species. The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were
Valsa mali (GenBank AF362559; Identities 837 / 842 (99 %), 1
gap (0 %)), Cy. centrivillosa (GenBank MF190068; Identities 830
/ 837 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Cy. ambiens (GenBank EU255208;
Identities 772 / 779 (99 %), no gaps). The highest similarities
using the actA sequence were Cy. salicicola (GenBank KU982637;
Identities 163 / 180 (91 %), 6 gaps (3 %)), Cy. parasitica (GenBank
KT459410; Identities 190 / 212 (90 %), 10 gaps (4 %)) and Cy.
cincta (GenBank KU710994; Identities 223 / 250 (89 %), 13 gaps
(5 %)). The highest similarities using the rpb2 sequence were Cy.
berberidis (GenBank KU710948; Identities 658 / 727 (91 %), no
gaps), Cy. schulzeri (GenBank KU710980; Identities 656 / 727 (90
%), no gaps) and Cy. rostrata (GenBank KU710974; Identities 656
/ 727 (90 %), no gaps). The highest similarities using the tef1
sequence were Cy. viticola (GenBank KX256274; Identities 253 /
253 (100 %), no gaps), Cy. mali (GenBank KU710928; Identities
359 / 422 (85 %), 24 gaps (5 %)) and Cy. sophorae (GenBank
KU710941; Identities 422 / 517 (82 %), 26 gaps (5 %)). The
highest similarities using the tub2 sequence were V. malicola
(GenBank KT934374; Identities 363 / 413 (88 %), 18 gaps (4 %)),
V. sordida (GenBank KT428034; Identities 346 / 396 (87 %), 14
gaps (3 %)) and Cy. carbonacea (GenBank KP310825; Identities
343 / 395 (87 %), 16 gaps (4 %)).
Dictyochaeta mimusopis Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824774. Fig. 15.
Etymology: Name refers to Mimusops, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, hyaline, 3–4 µm diam
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, pale brown, smooth,
subcylindrical, unbranched, straight to flexuous, 1–6-septate,
40–150 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, integrated,
terminal, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 30–55 × 3(–3.5)
µm; with flared apical collarette, 3–4 µm diam. Conidia solitary,
aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate to granular, inequilateral,
fusoid, outer plane convex, apex subacute, base truncate, 1–1.5
µm diam, (11–)16–18(–20) × 2.5–3(–3.5) µm, with a single
unbranched, flexuous appendage at each end, (6–)7(–8) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 50 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface hazel with cinnamon
pigment, reverse sepia. On PDA surface cinnamon, reverse
amber. On OA surface sienna with patches of olivaceous grey.
Specimen examined: South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga,
on leaves of Mimusops caffra (Sapotaceae), Dec. 2010, M.J. Wingfield
(holotype CBS H-23412, culture ex-type CPC 29987 = CBS 143435).
Notes: Dictyochaeta mimusopis is closely allied to isolates in
the Di. simplex complex (conidia 14–19 × 2.1–2.7 mm; Hughes
& Kendrick 1968).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were Di.
simplex (GenBank EF029193; Identities 482 / 503 (96 %), 1 gap (0
%)), Di. fertilis (GenBank AF178540; Identities 469 / 491 (96 %),
5 gaps (1 %)) and Codinaea pini (GenBank NR_137943; Identities
485 / 521 (93 %), 22 gaps (4 %)). The highest similarities using the
LSU sequence were Di. simplex (GenBank AF178559; Identities
830 / 836 (99 %), no gaps), Codinaea pini (GenBank KP004493;
Identities 829 / 838 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Rattania setulifera
(GenBank HM171322; Identities 815 / 835 (98 %), no gaps).
Dictyochaeta septata (B. Sutton & Hodges) Whitton et al.,
Fungal Diversity 4: 148. 2000. Fig. 16.
Basionym: Codinaea septata B. Sutton & Hodges, Nova Hedwigia
26(2–3): 520. 1975.
Synonym: Dictyochaeta septata (B. Sutton & Hodges) Aramb.
& Cabello, Mycotaxon 34(2): 682 (1989) (nom. inval. Art 41.5,
Melbourne).
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, septate, branched, smooth, 2–3
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, brown, smooth,
subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, 1–3-septate, 30–120 × 4–6
µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, pale brown,
smooth, mono-, rarely polyphialidic, 10–30 × 4–5 µm; collarette
flared, 3–4 µm diam. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
granular, subcylindrical, falcate, ends subobtuse, (14–)15–19(–
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Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 16. Dictyochaeta septata (CBS 143386). A. Colony on SNA. B–D. Conidiophores. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
20) × 2.5(–3) µm, medianly 1-septate, with a single unbranched,
flexuous appendage at each end, 5–7 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 45 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface hazel with cinnamon
pigment, reverse sepia. On PDA surface cinnamon, reverse
amber. On OA surface sienna with patches of olivaceous grey.
Specimens examined: Brazil, Espirito Santo, Vania, on Eucalyptus sp.
(Myrtaceae), 11 Dec. 1973, C.S. Hodges (holotype K(M) IMI 181532f).
Chile, on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla (Myrtaceae), Jun.
2010, M.J. Wingfield (epitype of Codinaea septata designated here CBS
H-23427, MBT381137, culture ex-epitype CPC 31949 = CBS 143386).
Notes: This collection closely resembles Codinaea septata,
described from Eucalyptus leaves in Brazil with its conidia being
1(–2)-septate, (14.5–)17.5–23 × 2 mm, and conidiophores 30–
105 × 4–6 mm (Sutton & Hodges 1975). Although we have in
recent papers treated the genera Codinaea (setulate conidia)
as distinct from Dictyochaeta (asetulate conidia) (Crous et al.
2015b), it appears that they could very well represent a single
genus, with preference given to the older name, Dictyochaeta.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Pseudolachnella guaviyunis (GenBank KJ834524; Identities 480
/ 542 (89 %), 13 gaps (2 %)), Di. simplex (GenBank EF029193;
Identities 462 / 519 (89 %), 9 gaps (1 %)) and Thozetella
fabacearum (GenBank KY212754; Identities 478 / 544 (88 %),
27 gaps (4 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were T. pinicola (GenBank EU825195; Identities 810 / 837 (97 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), T. nivea (GenBank EU825200; Identities 807 / 837
(96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and P. fraxini (GenBank JQ889301; Identities
806 / 836 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)). No close hits were obtained when
the tef1 sequence was used in a megablast search.
Echinocatena arthrinioides R. Campb. & B. Sutton, Trans. Brit.
Mycol. Soc. 69: 130. 1977. Fig. 17.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, pale brown, smooth,
1.5–2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, solitary, 20–50 ×
3–4 µm, unbranched, straight to flexuous, pale brown, smooth,
3–7-septate. Conidiogenous cells in simple or branched acropetal
chains, 5–7 × 3–4 µm, separated by thick, dark brown, refractive
septa, appearing like a separating cell, pale brown, echinulate,
doliiform to cylindrical, constricted at septa, polyblastic,
Fig. 17. Echinocatena arthrinioides (CPC 28754). A. Colony on MEA. B–F. Conidiophores. G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
186
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
integrated with 5–7 conidiogenous loci. Conidia (4–)5–6(–7) µm
diam, solitary, spherical, orange-brown, thick-walled, aseptate,
echinulate.
Specimen examined: Malaysia, on leaves of Acacia crassicarpa
(Fabaceae), 1 Jul. 2015, M.J. Wingfield (specimen CBS H-23424, culture
CPC 28754 = CBS 144202).
Notes: Echinocatena arthrinioides was originally described from
leaf litter collected in India. This collection has conidia that are
slightly larger those observed for the type collection (3.5–4.5
µm; Campbell & Sutton 1977), and DNA data would be required
to fully resolve if this strain is conspecific with the type (IMI
199279).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were “Fusicladium sp.” from marine sponges in Panama
(GenBank JN837045; Identities 524 / 530 (99 %), no gaps) and
“Sympoventuriaceae sp.” from a human nail in Hong Kong
(GenBank LC158598; Identities 448 / 452 (99 %), no gaps);
the remaining matches were with the 5.8S nrRNA genes of
Fusicladium species. The highest similarities using the LSU
sequence were Mycosisymbrium cirrhosum (GenBank KR259884;
Identities 758 / 828 (92 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), Scolecobasidium
cateniphorum (GenBank EU107309; Identities 758 / 829 (91 %),
11 gaps (1 %)) and Verruconis verruculosa (GenBank KF282668;
Identities 757 / 829 (91 %), 11 gaps (1 %)).
Elsinoë mimosae Viégas, Bragantia 4: 13. 1944.
Description and illustration: Fan et al. (2017).
Specimens examined: Brazil, São Paulo, Campinas, on Mimosa sp.
(Leguminosae), 31 Mar. 1931, H.P. Krug & O. Zagatto (holotype IAC No.
2836); Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itaguaí, Mazomba, on Mimosa diplotricha
(= Mimosa invisa), Mar. 1999, R.W. Barreto (epitype designated here
MBT381423, preserved in metabolically inactive state, ex-epitype
culture CBS 141878) = CPC 19478 = RWB 154. Ecuador, Coca, on
Mimosa diplotricha, Nov. 2000, R.W. Barreto, specimen CBS H-22804,
culture CPC 18518 = RWB 224 = CBS 141943.
Notes: The epitype was designated in Fan et al. (2017), but that
epitypification was not effected since the holotype was not
“explicitly” cited (Art 9.8, Melbourne Code). We correct this
situation by citing the holotype as “IAC No. 2836”.
Exophiala eucalypticola Crous & T.I. Burgess, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824775. Fig. 18.
Etymology: Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from
which it was collected.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
2–2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores arising as lateral ends
of hyphae, or reduced to conidiogenous cells, integrated on
hyphae, erect, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 3–15
× 2–3 µm; scars thickened and darkened, 1 µm diam. Conidia
occurring in branched chains, pale brown, smooth, 0–1-septate,
fusoid-ellipsoidal, with hila that are thickened and darkened, 1
µm diam, (7–)10–13(–15) × (2.5–)3(–4) µm. Synasexual morph:
Conidiogenous cells integrated as phialidic loci on creeping
hyphae, 1–2 × 1 µm. Conidia dimorphic, with exophiala-like
conidia pale brown, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoid, 4–7 × 2–3 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse to
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
slimy, chestnut to black.
Specimen examined: Australia, Victoria, Melbourne, Dandenong
Ranges, Silvan Reservoir Park, leaf litter of Eucalyptus obliqua
(Myrtaceae), 1 Dec. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23305, cultures
ex-type CPC 32736 = CBS 143412).
Notes: The genera Exophiala and Rhinocladiella contain several
clinically relevant species (de Hoog 1977). Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence, the closest matches in NCBI’s
GenBank nucleotide database were R. aquaspersa (GenBank
AB091214; Identities 458 / 519 (88 %), 18 gaps (3 %)), E.
phaeomuriformis (GenBank KP761151; Identities 485 / 555 (87
%), 27 gaps (4 %)) and R. coryli (GenBank KX306768; Identities
518 / 594 (87 %), 25 gaps (4 %)). The highest similarities using
the LSU sequence were E. xenobiotica (GenBank KC311483;
Identities 831 / 862 (96 %), 7 gaps (0 %)), E. xenobiotica
(GenBank FJ358246; Identities 826 / 857 (96 %), 7 gaps (0 %))
and Melanoctona tectonae (GenBank KX258779; Identities
Fig. 18. Exophiala eucalypticola (CBS 143412). A. Conidiogenous cell. B. Conidial chain. C, D. Typical Exophiala morph with conidiogenous cells
reduced to phialides. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
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Crous et al.
828 / 860 (96 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). The present collection is best
allocated to this generic complex, and until better resolved it is
best placed in Exophiala. No significant hits were obtained when
the tef1 and tub2 sequences were used in a megablast search.
Fusiconidium lycopodiellae Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824776. Fig. 19.
Etymology: Name refers to Lycopodiella, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2.5–
4 µm diam hyphae. Hyphopodia absent. Conidiophores solitary,
erect, subcylindrical, geniculate-sinuous, brown, smooth,
1–2-septate, 20–50 × 3–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
subcylindrical, brown, smooth, 10–17 × 3–4 µm, proliferating
sympodially, holoblastically; scars unthickened, undarkened,
2–3 µm diam. Conidia solitary, brown, smooth, granular,
subcylindrical, apex obtuse, tapering in lower cell to truncate
hilum, 2–3 µm diam, (7–)8–9(–11)-septate, (65–)75–85(–100) ×
(7–)8(–9) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, covering dish after
1 mo at 25 °C. On MEA surface ochreous, reverse amber. On PDA
surface and reverse amber. On OA surface luteous.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on stems of Lycopodiella
inundata (Lycopodiaceae), 25 Feb. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype
CBS H-23407, culture ex-type CPC 30371 = CBS 143437).
Notes: The present collection is reminiscent of Clasterosporium,
except that it lacks hyphopodia (Ellis 1971). Based on LSU
sequence data it is allied to Fusiconidium (Li et al. 2017), except
that it lacks percurrent proliferation of the conidiogenous cells,
and fusoid to ellipsoid conidia, and probably represents a new
genus in this complex. However, due to the poor sporulation of
the culture, we have tentatively named it in Fusiconidium.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Camposporium cambrense (GenBank KY853428; Identities 481
/ 502 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Phragmocephala atra (GenBank
KP698721; Identities 495 / 523 (95 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and
Phragmocephala garethjonesii (GenBank NR_147636; Identities
493 / 523 (94 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities
using the LSU sequence were Fusiconidium mackenziei
(GenBank KX611113; Identities 806 / 815 (99 %), no gaps),
Paradendryphiella salina (GenBank KF156156; Identities 780 /
791 (99 %), no gaps) and Aposphaeria corallinolutea (GenBank
KU243051; Identities 804 / 817 (98 %), no gaps).
Haplographium delicatum Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., Ser. 3, 3(17): 361. 1859. Fig. 20.
Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, brown,
thick-walled, verruculose, base with T-cell, lacking rhizoids, 70–
160 × 5–6 mm, 5–10-septate. Conidiophores with swollen apical
cell, pale brown, giving rise to 3–6 apical conidiogenous cells
or primary branches; primary branches subcylindrical, straight
to allantoid, hyaline, smooth, 5–10 × 2.5–3 mm. Conidiogenous
cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved,
6–12 × 2–2.5 mm, proliferating sympodially at apex. Conidia
aggregating in mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
subcylindrical, straight, apex slightly swollen, obtuse, base
truncate, (3–)5–6(–7.5) × 2(–2.5) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 13 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse pale
luteous. On PDA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse ochreous.
On OA surface umber, with diffuse sienna pigment.
Specimen examined: Ukraine, Ternopil region, Zalischyky district,
Dniester Canyon, on decaying wood of Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae),
5 Oct. 2016, A. Akulov, specimen ex CWU (MYC) AS 6049 (dried culture
CBS H-23417, culture CPC 31844 = CBS 143493).
Notes: The genus Haplographium is based on H. delicatum
described from wood collected in Britain. The present collection
is phylogenetically similar to strains identified as H. catenatum
and H. delicatum (Crous et al. 2009a). Because the genus
Haplographium lacks a type and the species concepts are still in
flux, we have identified the present collection as H. delicatum.
Species of Haplographium have been linked to Dematioscypha
sexual morphs (Raitviir 2001), but this relationship also requires
further study.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were H.
Fig. 19. Fusiconidium lycopodiellae (CBS 143437). A–E. Conidiophores giving rise to multiseptate conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
188
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 20. Haplographium delicatum (CBS 143493). A. Colony on OA. B–C. Conidiophores. D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
catenatum (GenBank FJ839620; Identities 528 / 533 (99 %), 1
gap (0 %)), H. delicatum (GenBank HF677177; Identities 495 /
500 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Ciliciopodium brevipes (GenBank
KM231856; Identities 401 / 451 (89 %), 10 gaps (2 %)). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence were H. catenatum
(GenBank FJ839657; Identities 855 / 855 (100 %), no gaps),
Hyaloscypha minuta (GenBank KY769526; Identities 832 / 857
(97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Hy. monodictys (GenBank JN086756;
Identities 808 / 833 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Microdochium musae (T.Y. Lin & J.M. Yen) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824777. Fig. 21.
Basionym: Sphaerulina musae T.Y. Lin & J.M. Yen, Rev. Mycol.
(Paris) 35: 326. 1971.
Ascomata (on OA) solitary, immersed on leaf tissue (superficial
to immersed on banana leaf agar), globose, semi-papillate with
central ostiole, pale brown, 200–250 mm diam; wall of 6–8 layers
of pale brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among
asci, hyaline smooth, septate, unbranched, constricted at septa,
hyphae-like, 4–5 mm diam, with obtuse ends. Asci fasciculate,
hyaline, unitunicate, apical mechanism staining blue in Meltzer’s,
broadly ellipsoid, straight to curved, 8-spored, stipitate, 80–100
× 17–22 mm. Ascospores bi- to triseriate, hyaline to faintly
pinkish, smooth, guttulate, obovoid, apex obtuse, tapering from
middle to base, straight to curved, 3–6-septate, at times with
mucoid sheath, frequently constricted at median septum, (30–)
32–33(–35) × (6–)7(–8) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium, radially folded, and even margins, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
saffron. On PDA surface and reverse salmon. On OA surface
salmon.
Fig. 21. Microdochium musae (CBS 143500). A. Ascomata on banana leaf. B. Vertical section through ascoma. C. Asci. D. Paraphyses. E. Subhyaline
ascospores. F. Ascus in Meltzer’s reagent. G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A, B = 250 mm, all others = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Crous et al.
Specimens examined. Republic of China (Taiwan), on leaves of Musa
sp. (Musaceae), 1970, T. Wang, holotype missing, lectotype designated
here, MBT381229 (Lin & Yen 1971, fig. 2 D–F). Malaysia, Sabah, on
leaves of Musa sp., 2016, P.W. Crous (epitype designated here, CBS
H-23431, MBT381140, culture ex-epitype CPC 32689 = CBS 143500).
Additional cultures examined: Costa Rica, on Musa cv. Cavendish, May
2002, P.W. Crous (CBS 111018 = CPC 5380). Malaysia, on Musa leaves,
2010, P.W. Crous (CPC 32681), ibid. (CPC 32809). Mauritius, on Musa
leaves, Jan. 2004, Y. Jaufeerally-Fakim (CPC 11234), ibid. (CPC 11240).
Mexico, Chiapas, on Musa leaves, 16 Dec. 2008, M. de J. Yanez Morales
(CPC 16258).
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Notes: The genus Sphaerulina was treated by Quaedvlieg et al.
(2013), and represents a genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, to
which S. musae (Lin & Yen 1971) is not related. “Sphaerulina”
musae clusters among species of Microdochium, which have
sexual morphs that are morphologically similar (HernándezRestrepo et al. 2016), justifying this new combination.
Microdochium musae is commonly associated with brown
necrotic areas on banana leaves, appears to be globally
distributed along with its host, and is assumed to be weakly
pathogenic (unpubl. data). Because the holotype could not be
traced in Taiwan or Paris, the original illustration is proposed as
lectotype and a neotype is designated. Colonies initially have a
yeast-like appearance in culture, and single ascospores give rise
to the sexual morph, suggesting that the species is homothallic.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence of
CPC 32689, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide
database were Sphaerulina musae (GenBank AY293061;
Identities 477 / 477 (100 %), no gaps), Mi. stoveri (GenBank
FJ430601; Identities 537 / 540 (99 %), no gaps) and Mi.
colombiense (GenBank KP858999; Identities 499 / 516 (97 %),
3 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence of
CPC 32689, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide
database were Mi. colombiense (GenBank KP858935; Identities
834 / 842 (99 %), no gaps), Mi. citrinidiscum (GenBank
KP858939; Identities 831 / 842 (99 %), no gaps) and Mi. sorghi
(GenBank KP858936; Identities 831 / 842 (99 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the actA sequence of CPC 16258 were
Chaetopsina fulva (GenBank KM231165; Identities 404 / 422 (96
%), no gaps), Fusarium phaseoli (GenBank KM231203; Identities
400 / 419 (95 %), no gaps) and Ch. acutispora (GenBank
KM231164; Identities 401 / 421 (95 %), no gaps). The actA
sequences of CPC 11234, 11240, 16258, 32681 and 32809 are
identical, but differ with two nucleotides from CPC 32689. No
significant hits were obtained when the cmdA sequences were
used in a megablast search. The cmdA sequences of CPC 11234,
11240, 16258, 32689 and 32809 are identical, but differ one
nucleotide from CPC 32681. The highest similarities using the
rpb2 sequence of CPC 32689 were Mi. colombiense (GenBank
KP859108; Identities 740 / 782 (95 %), no gaps), Mi. majus
(GenBank KP859110; Identities 675 / 780 (87 %), 4 gaps (0 %))
and M. nivale (GenBank KP859117; Identities 679 / 785 (86 %), 6
gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 and
tub2 sequences of CPC 32681 were used in a megablast search.
The tef1 sequences of CPC 11234, 11240, 16258 and 32689 are
identical. The tub2 sequences of CPC 11234, 11240, 32689 and
32809 are identical, but differ one nucleotide from CPC 16258.
Monochaetia junipericola Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824778. Fig. 22.
Etymology: Name refers to Juniperus, the host genus from which
this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious, erumpent,
ovoid, 150–250 µm diam. Conidiophores arising from central
stroma, hyaline, smooth, 3–6-septate, branched, subcylindrical,
40–100 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 10–30 × 2.5–3 µm, proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia fusoid-ellipsoid, 4-septate,
not constricted at septa, medium brown, finely verruculose,
end cells hyaline, (22–)25–27(–28) × (5–)6(–7) µm, apical
cell terminating in a single, unbranched, filiform, flexuous
appendage, 10–20 µm long; basal cell with single, unbranched,
flexuous, excentric appendage, 2–15 µm long. Conidiomata with
beta conidia developing on OA, beta conidia hyaline, smooth,
filiform, curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, 12–22 × 1.5–2 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, reaching 40 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale luteous, reverse
luteous. On PDA surface smoke grey with patches of isabelline,
reverse pale luteous. On OA surface pale luteous with patches
of amber.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on twig of Juniperus
communis (Cypressaceae), 20 Apr. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype
CBS H-23408, culture ex-type CPC 30561 = CBS 143391).
Fig. 22. Monochaetia junipericola (CBS 143391). A. Conidiomata on PDA. B, C. Conidiophores giving rise to conidia. D. Conidia. E. Beta conidia. Scale
bars = 10 mm.
190
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New and interesting fungi
Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis CPC 1779 JX556232.1
T
Monochaetia junipericola CBS 143391 sp. nov.
T
100
Monochaetia ilexae KUMCC 15-0520 KX984153.1
Monochaetia dimorphospora NBRC 9980 T LC146750.1
PSHI2004Endo1031 DQ534045.1
PSHI2004Endo1030 DQ534044.1
88
87
Monochaetia kansensis
ZJLQ468 KC345692.1
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
ZJLQ463 KC345691.1
88
ZJLQ464 KC345693.1
99
CBS 115004 AY853243.1
Monochaetia monochaeta
M18 JX262802.1
Monochaetia karstenii ICMP 10669 AF405300.1
74
100
PSH2000I-151 AY682948.1
PSH2000I-146 AY682947.1
ATCC 60625 AF377286.1
25
Monochaetia camelliae
CF4 KM979722.1
Fig. 23. The first of eight equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the Monochaetia ITS alignment (16 strains
including the outgroup; 524 characters analysed: 373 constant, 29 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 122 parsimony-informative). The tree
was rooted to Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis (GenBank JX556232.1) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values
higher than 49 % are shown at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of
the tree, or before the culture collection and GenBank accession numbers. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status and branches present in
the strict consensus tree are thickened. Tree statistics: TL = 238, CI = 0.782, RI = 0.899, RC = 0.702.
Notes: Nag Raj (1993) defined the genus Monochaetia to
accommodate taxa with acervular conidiomata and fusiform,
brown, transversely septate conidia with a single cellular
apical, and single cellular basal appendage (when present).
Nag Raj (1993) also regarded Mo. juniperi as synonym of
Sarcostroma foliicola, occurring on needles of Juniperus
communis. Morphologically S. foliicola has fusiform, 5-septate
conidia, 18–22.5 × 7–8(–9) mm, apical appendage 3–8(–9) mm,
and basal appendage excentric, 3–11 mm, thus smaller than
those of M. junipericola. Phylogenetically, M. junipericola
is basal to the other Monochaetia species known from ITS
sequences (Fig. 23).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Mo. ilexae (GenBank NR_148179; Identities 497 / 516 (96
%), 7 gaps (1 %)), Mo. dimorphospora (GenBank LC146750;
Identities 498 / 527 (94 %), 20 gaps (3 %)) and Synnemadiella
eucalypti (GenBank KY173467; Identities 497 / 538 (92 %), 10
gaps (1 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Mo. ilexae (GenBank KX984152; Identities 846 / 847 (99
%), no gaps), Mo. kansensis (GenBank DQ534035; Identities
832 / 833 (99 %), no gaps) and Mo. monochaeta (GenBank
KF590148; Identities 828 / 829 (99 %), no gaps). Only distant
hits were obtained using the rpb2 sequence; some of these
were Pestalotiopsis versicolor (GenBank DQ368654; Identities
662 / 803 (82 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), P. fici (GenBank XM_007830789;
Identities 657 / 800 (82 %), no gaps) and Discosia brasiliensis
(GenBank KF827475; Identities 658 / 805 (82 %), 4 gaps (0
%)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 sequence
was used in a megablast search. The best hit using the tub2
sequence was with Mo. kansensis (GenBank DQ534049;
Identities 356 / 407 (87 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Myrmecridium sorbicola Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824779. Fig. 24.
Etymology: Name refers to Sorbus, the host genus from which
this fungus was collected.
On OA (only medium with sporulation). Mycelium consisting
of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 µm diam hyphae.
Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, unbranched, brown,
subcylindrical, smooth, 1–18-septate, 50–200 × 4–7 µm.
Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary, 20–65
× 3–4 µm, with a rachis of pimple-like denticles, 0.5–1 × 0.5 µm.
Conidia solitary, obovoid, initially hyaline, but pale brown with
age, apex obtuse, hilum 1 µm diam, (0–)1(–3) septate, with
mucoid sheath surrounding conidium in median region, 1–2 µm
diam, (7–)8–10(–15) × 4(–5) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching 12 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse luteous. On PDA
surface and reverse pale luteous. On OA surface pale luteous.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on branch of Sorbus
aucuparia (Rosaceae), 17 Feb. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype CBS
H-23405, culture ex-type CPC 30455 = CBS 143433).
Notes: Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007) for
ramichloridium-like taxa having hyaline mycelium, and relatively
unpigmented, pimple-like denticles, and obovoid to fusoid conidia
with a wing-like gelatinous sheath. Myrmecridium sorbicola is
distinct from known species based on its conidial morphology,
with conidia being (0–)1(–3)-septate, (7–)8–10(–15) × 4(–5) µm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
191
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 24. Myrmecridium sorbicola (CBS 143433). A–E. Conidiophores. F. Conidia with wing-like appendages. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
My. schulzeri (GenBank KF986544; Identities 447 / 513 (87 %),
14 gaps (2 %)), My. phragmitis (GenBank NR_137782; Identities
494 / 567 (87 %), 18 gaps (3 %)) and My. fluviae (GenBank
KX839679; Identities 419 / 481 (87 %), 15 gaps (3 %)). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence were My. banksiae
(GenBank NG_042684; Identities 813 / 842 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)),
My. schulzeri (GenBank EU041835; Identities 812 / 842 (96 %), 2
gaps (0 %)) and My. spartii (GenBank KR611902; Identities 812 /
843 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Conidia occurring in branched chains, obovoid to ellipsoid, thickwalled, golden-brown, smooth, granular, apex obtuse, tapering
to a truncate hilum, thickened and somewhat darkened, 1–2 µm
diam, attached via a narrow isthmus, aseptate; primary conidia
15–21 × 12–14 µm; secondary conidia 11–15 × 8–9 µm; tertiary
conidia 7–10 × 6–7 µm.
Nematogonum ferrugineum (Pers.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36:
789. 1958. Fig. 25.
Basionym: Monilinia ferruginea Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 1: 30.
1822.
Specimen examined: Ukraine, Ternopil region, Zalischyky district,
Dniester Canyon, on ascomata of Melogramma campylosporum on
trunk of fallen Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae), 7 Oct. 2016, A. Akulov,
specimen ex CWU (MYC) AS 6079 (dried culture CBS H-23418, culture
CPC 31872 = CBS 144203).
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 3–4
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, erect, golden-brown,
smooth, cylindrical, 20–40 × 6–8 µm. Macroconidiophores erect,
flexuous, subcylindrical, smooth, golden-brown, flexuous, up to
400 µm tall, 8–10 µm diam, 2–7-septate, unbranched, terminal
conidiogenous cell clavate, but at times also intercalary (appears
to be linked to rejuvenating conidiophore), 25–100 × 11–15 µm;
loci sympodial, thickened, somewhat darkened, 1–2 µm diam.
Culture characteristics: Colonies not growing on MEA, PDA or
SNA. Colonies on OA pale luteous, flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, reaching 40 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C.
Notes: Matsushima (1975) firstly reported an aspergillus-like
synasexual morph for Nematogonum highlei (a synonym of
N. ferrugineum). His description and illustrations correspond
well with the conidiophores we observed in this study. Walker
& Minter (1981) studied the conidiogenesis of N. ferrugineum
and cited conidia to be ellipsoid, 4–24 × 3–15 mm, which become
progressively smaller towards the tips of the chains. However,
no distinction was made between primary, secondary or tertiary
Fig. 25. Nematogonum ferrugineum (CPC 31872). A. Microconidiophore. B–D. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
192
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
conidia. The general conidium dimensions observed here, 7–21
× 6–15 mm, in the collection are different from the original
species description, but correspond well with those provided by
Matsushima (1975), 7–22 × 6.5–15 mm.
Nematogonum is not known from any sequence data that we
were able to locate, and is listed as “incertae sedis” in MycoBank
and Index Fungorum. In the present study, we were unable to
generate an LSU sequence. However, based on a megablast search
using the ITS sequence, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank
nucleotide database were Melanospora spp. (Melanosporales,
Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes), of which most members
are also fungicolous. Nematogonum ferrugineum is known as
an obligate fungicolous fungus on species of Neonectria, but
has also been found on Chaetomella, Cladosporium, Graphium,
Melogramma, Tritirachium and Verticillium representatives
(Walker & Minter 1981, Gams et al. 2004, Akulov 2011).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Melanospora kurssanoviana (GenBank KP981479; Identities 500 /
549 (91 %), 12 gaps (2 %)), Me. singaporensis (GenBank LC146748;
Identities 519 / 582 (89 %), 20 gaps (3 %)) and Papulaspora
funabasensis (GenBank LC228646; Identities 508 / 569 (89 %), 17
gaps (2 %)). The highest similarities using the tef1 sequence were
My. banksiae (GenBank NG_042684; Identities 813 / 842 (97 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), My. schulzeri (GenBank EU041835; Identities 812
/ 842 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and My. spartii (GenBank KR611902;
Identities 812 / 843 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were
obtained when the tef1 sequence was used in a megablast search.
All attempts to generate an LSU sequence for this culture failed,
irrespective of using fresh DNA or different primer sets.
Neocucurbitaria cava (Schulzer) Valenzuela-Lopez et al., Stud.
Mycol. 90: 46. 2018. Fig. 26.
Basionym: Phoma cava Schulzer, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien
21: 1248. 1871.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, dark brown with 1–2 papillate
ostioles, 150–250 µm diam; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical, branched, 1–4-septate, 7–20 × 2–3
µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, with periclinal thickening,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, apical and intercalary, 4–7 × 2–3
µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, subcylindrical,
guttulate, with bluntly rounded ends, (3–)3.5(–4) × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 40 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale mouse grey,
reverse mouse grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse
iron-grey. On OA surface iron-grey.
Specimen examined: UK, England, Bournmouth, on leaves of Quercus
ilex (Fagaceae), 30 Dec. 2016, P.W. Crous (specimen CBS H-23414,
culture CPC 32488 = CBS 143400).
Notes: The present collection is morphologically similar to
that of the epitype, which was described from soil collected in
Germany and has conidia that are aseptate, hyaline, smoothand thin-walled, mostly cylindrical to slightly allantoid, 2.5–3.5 ×
1–1.5 µm, guttulate (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018). The present
study adds a new culture of N. cava from the UK.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
N. cava (GenBank JF440610; Identities 475 / 480 (99 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), N. hakeae (GenBank KY173436; Identities 512 / 533 (96
%), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (GenBank
FJ755255; Identities 439 / 463 (95 %), no gaps). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were Ne. cava (GenBank
EU754199; Identities 855 / 855 (100 %), no gaps), Ne. quercina
(GenBank GQ387620; Identities 848 / 855 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %))
and Ne. unguis-hominis (GenBank GQ387621; Identities 847
/ 855 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The highest similarities using the
actA sequence were Parastagonospora nodorum (GenBank
CP022855; Identities 469 / 508 (92 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Alternaria
hordeicola (GenBank JQ671637; Identities 478 / 520 (92 %), 2
gaps (0 %)) and Al. triticimaculans (GenBank JQ671631; Identities
478 / 520 (92 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities using the
rpb2 sequence were Ne. populi (GenBank MF795816; Identities
1035 / 1059 (98 %), no gaps), Ne. juglandicola (GenBank
MF795815; Identities 1027 / 1059 (97 %), no gaps) and Ne.
cisticola (GenBank MF795814; Identities 995 / 1058 (94 %), no
gaps). The highest similarities using the tub2 sequence were Ne.
populi (GenBank MF795902; Identities 500 / 515 (97 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), Ne. juglandicola (GenBank MF795901; Identities 498 /
516 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Pyrenochaeta hakeae (GenBank
KY173613; Identities 500 / 534 (94 %), 10 gaps (1 %)).
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Neohendersonia kickxii (Westend.) Sutton & Pollack,
Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 52: 334. 1974.
Basionym: Stilbospora kickxii Westend., Bull. Séances Cl. Sci.
Acad. Roy. Belgique 18: 409. 1851.
Description and illustration: Giraldo et al. (2017).
Fig. 26. Neocucurbitaria cava (CBS 143400). A. Conidiomata on SNA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 200 mm, all others = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
193
Crous et al.
Specimens examined: Belgium, Courtrai, Parc Saint-George, on branch
of Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae) (substrate originally determined as Betula
pubescens and later corrected with Fagus sylvatica), G.D. Westendorp
(holotype BR5020162018281). Italy, Pian di Novello, on bark of twigs
from Fagus sylvatica, 8 May 1996, R. Danti (epitype designated here of
Stilbospora kickxii MycoBank MBT381143, preserved in metabolically
inactive state, ex-epitype culture CBS 112403).
Notes: The epitype was originally designated in Giraldo et al.
(2017), but a culture without any specimen was cited. This
situation is herewith corrected, by stating that the culture is
preserved as “metabolically inactive”.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Parapleurotheciopsis caespitosa (Crous et al.) Crous, comb.
nov. MycoBank MB824780.
Basionym: Anungitea caespitosa Crous et al., Canad. J. Bot.
73(2): 225. 1995.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (1995).
Specimen examined: South Africa, Mpumalanga, Sabie, on leaf litter of
Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae), Nov. 1992, M.J. Wingfield (holotype
PREM 51686, culture ex-type CPC 565 = CBS 519.93).
Note: See discussion under Polyscytalum and Fig. 13.
Parathyridaria philadelphi Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824781. Fig. 27.
Etymology: Name refers to Philadelphus, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata (on OA) separate, pycnidial, brown, globose, erumpent,
250–300 µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 6–8 layers of brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells
lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, proliferating
percurrently near phialidic apex, 4–7 × 3–4 µm. Conidia aseptate,
solitary, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded, brown,
smooth, at times slightly granular, (4–)5(–6) × 2 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching 45 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey with
patches of ochreous, reverse amber. On PDA surface amber,
reverse chestnut. On OA surface amber with patches of sienna
and vinaceous buff.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on twigs of Philadelphus
coronarius (Hydrangeaceae), 2 Apr. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype
CBS H-23409, culture ex-type CPC 30532 = CBS 143432).
Notes: The genus Parathyridaria was recently introduced by
Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (2016). Phylogenetically (Fig. 28), Pa.
philadelphi is allied to Pa. robiniae, a sexual species recently
described from Italy on Robinia pseudoacacia (Tibpromma et al.
2017).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Pa. robiniae (GenBank KY511142; Identities 709 / 715 (99 %),
no gaps), Roussoella mukdahanensis (GenBank KU940129;
Identities 602 / 718 (84 %), 20 gaps (2 %)) and Pa. ramulicola
(GenBank NR_147657; Identities 406 / 429 (95 %), 3 gaps (0
%)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were Pa.
robiniae (GenBank KY511141; Identities 854 / 855 (95 %),
no gaps), Sporidesmium australiense (GenBank DQ408554;
Identities 835 / 846 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Pa. ramulicola
(GenBank KF636775; Identities 846 / 859 (98 %), no gaps).
The highest similarity using the tef1 sequence was with Pa.
ramulicola (GenBank KX650536; Identities 314 / 352 (89 %), 7
gaps (1 %)).
Pestalotiopsis hollandica Maharachch. et al., Stud. Mycol. 79:
164. 2014. Fig. 29.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, separate, immersed to erumpent
on banana leaf agar, dark brown to black, 120–350 µm diam,
exuding a globose, dark brown conidial mass. Conidiophores
subcylindrical, branched, hyaline, smooth, 1–2-septate, 15–
30 × 3–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 8–15 × 2.5–3.5 µm; proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid, 4-septate,
versicoloured, central three cells brown, of which the median
cell is dark brown, guttulate, verruculose, apical and basal cells
hyaline, conidia (22–)24–26(–27) × (7–)8(–9) µm, apical cell 3–4
µm long, basal cell 3–5 µm long, apical cell with three flexuous
appendages, unbranched, attachment apical, 17–25 µm long,
basal cell with central unbranched appendage, 3–9 µm long.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, covering dish
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse luteous.
On PDA surface pale luteous to luteous, reverse amber. On OA
surface pale luteous.
Fig. 27. Parathyridaria philadelphi (CBS
143432). A. Conidiogenous cells. B.
Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
194
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Aaosphaeria arxii MUT 5333 KU158145.1
T
Roussoella mukdahanensis MFLUCC 11-0201 KU940129.1
Thyridaria broussonetiae CBS 141481 T KX650568.1
100
T
100
Parathyridaria philadelphi CBS 143432 sp. nov.
Parathyridaria robiniae MFLUCC 14-1119 T KY511142.1
100
92
MUT 4397 KC339235.1
100
CBS 141479T KX650565.1
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Parathyridaria ramulicola
MF4 KX650564.1
77
NCCPF104001 MG708109.1
B15-06229 KY012056.1
NCCPF104003 MG708107.1
100
CBS 128203 KF322117.1
Parathyridaria percutanea
NCCPF104006 MG708108.1
66
25
104002 KY310731.1
CBS 868.95 T KF322118.1
Fig. 28. Single most parsimonious tree obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the Parathyridaria ITS alignment (15 strains including the outgroup;
412 characters analysed: 297 constant, 51 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 64 parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to Aaosphaeria
arxii (GenBank KU158145.1) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown at the nodes
and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of the tree, or before the culture collection
and GenBank accession numbers. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status. Tree statistics: TL = 172, CI = 0.866, RI = 0.861, RC = 0.746.
Fig. 29. Pestalotiopsis hollandica (CBS 143436). A. Conidiomata on BLA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 300 mm, all others = 10
mm.
Specimen examined: Spain, Zaragoza, Carretera el Frago, on needles of
Cupressus sempervirens (Cupressaceae), 7 Jan. 2016, R. Blasco, culture
CPC 30399 = CBS 143436.
Notes: Phylogenetically the present collection is identical (based on
ITS and LSU, and almost identical based on tub2) to Pe. hollandica
(Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Morphologically, however,
they are quite distinct, with Pe. hollandica having conidia that are
larger, (25–)25.5–33(–34) × 8.5–10(–10.5) μm, with 1–4 tubular
apical appendages, 20–40 μm long. Based on a megablast search
using the ITS sequence in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database,
the ITS sequence is identical to Pe. hollandica (CBS 265.33;
GenBank NR_147555), Pe. monochaeta (CBS 144.97; GenBank
NR_147554) and Pe. funerea (ML4DY; GenBank EF055197). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence in NCBI’s GenBank
nucleotide database, the LSU sequence is identical to Pe.
monochaeta (CBS 144.97; GenBank KM116229), Pe. hollandica
(CBS 265.33; GenBank KM116228) and Pe. hangzhouensis
(PSHI2002Endo390; GenBank DQ657865). The highest similarities
using the tef1 sequence were Pe. verruculosa (GenBank JX399061;
Identities 298 / 299 (99 %), no gaps), Pe. hollandica (GenBank
KM199481; Identities 281 / 286 (98 %), no gaps) and Pe. brassicae
(GenBank KM199558; Identities 268 / 273 (98 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the tub2 sequence were Pe. hollandica
(GenBank KM199388; Identities 446 / 447 (99 %), no gaps), Pe.
italiana (GenBank KP781882; Identities 442 / 445 (99 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)) and Pe. monochaeta (GenBank KX642435; Identities 448 /
452 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
195
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 30. Phyllosticta hakeicola (CBS 143492). A. Colony on PDA. B. Conidiomatal ostiole. C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Phyllosticta hakeicola Crous & T.I. Burgess, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824782. Fig. 30.
mm diam, but with a single apical mucoid appendage, 5–12 ×
1.5–2 µm, tapering to subacutely rounded apex.
Etymology: Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which it
was collected.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat to erumpent, spreading,
with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate
margins, reaching 55 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA
and OA surface and reverse iron-grey.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, globose, dark brown, 150–250
µm diam, with central ostiole, 25–40 mm diam; wall of 3–8 layers
of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity,
1–2-septate, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched below,
20–30 × 6–10 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 8–15 × 3–5 µm, proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid to obovoid,
aseptate, smooth, hyaline, guttulate, granular, (9–)10–13(–15) ×
(6.5–)7 µm; conidia encased in a persistent mucoid sheath, 2–3
Specimen examined: Australia, New South Wales, Fitzroy Falls, on
leaves of Hakea sp. (Proteaceae), 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-23315, culture ex-type CPC 32041 = CBS 143492).
Notes: Van der Aa & Vanev (2002) placed Phyllosticta hakeae
in the genus Microsphaeropsis, and presently no species of
Phyllosticta are known from Hakea. Phylogenetically (Fig. 31),
Macrophomina phaseolina CBS 461.70
(KF951816.1/KF951640.1)
Phyllosticta citricarpa CBS 127454 T (JF343667.1/JF343583.1)
BRIP 57356
100
100
PDD 50952
CBS 585.84
100
(KF014086.1/JX997122.1)
(KF014073.1/JQ743565.1)
Phyllosticta cavendishii
T (KF289249.1/KF206176.1)
Phyllosticta minima
MUCC0016 (AB704208.1/AB454265.1)
76
Phyllosticta foliorum CBS 447.68 T (KF289247.1/KF170309.1)
57
100
CGMCC 3.14986 T (JX025032.1/JX025037.1)
Phyllosticta hubeiensis
LC1654 (JX025034.1/JX025039.1)
CBS 112065 (KF289237.1/KF206175.1)
100
Phyllosticta yuccae
CBS 117136 (JN692517.1/JN692541.1)
Phyllosticta ligustricola MUCC0024
T (AB704212.1/AB454269.1)
T (KF289238.1/KF206208.1)
55
Phyllosticta abieticola CBS 112067
53
Phyllosticta hakeicola CBS 143492T sp. nov.
83
Phyllosticta telopeae CBS 777.97 T (KF289255.1/KF206205.1)
25
Fig. 31. The first of three equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the combined actA and ITS alignment representing
Phyllosticta species (15 strains including the outgroup; 659 characters analysed: 387 constant, 140 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 132
parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to Macrophomina phaseolina (culture CBS 461.70) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes.
Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. Species names are
indicated to the right of the tree, or before the culture collection and GenBank accession numbers. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status
and branches present in the strict consensus tree are thickened. Tree statistics: TL = 426, CI = 0.826, RI = 0.739, RC = 0.611.
196
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Ph. hakeicola is closely related to Ph. telopeae (also Proteaceae;
Crous et al. 2000), but can be distinguished by its larger conidia,
(12–)13–16(–18) × (7–)8–9 mm (Swart et al. 1998).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Ph. telopeae (GenBank KF206205; Identities 568 / 570 (99 %), no
gaps), Ph. abieticola (GenBank NR_147344; Identities 562 / 570
(99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Ph. ligustricola (GenBank NR_136951;
Identities 609 / 626 (97 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities
using the LSU sequence were Ph. telopeae (GenBank KF766384;
Identities 841 / 841 (100 %), no gaps), Ph. abieticola (GenBank
EU754193; Identities 852 / 854 (99 %), no gaps) and Ph.
philoprina (GenBank DQ377878; Identities 852 / 854 (99 %), no
gaps). The highest similarities using the actA sequence were Ph.
abieticola (GenBank KF289238; Identities 225 / 225 (100 %), no
gaps), Ph. telopeae (GenBank KF289255; Identities 222 / 225 (99
%), no gaps) and Ph. foliorum (GenBank KF289247; Identities
221 / 225 (98 %), no gaps). The highest similarities using the
gapdh sequence were Ph. hubeiensis (GenBank JX025029;
Identities 339 / 351 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Ph. cavendishii
(GenBank KU716083; Identities 324 / 337 (96 %), no gaps) and
Ph. citricarpa (GenBank KX280614; Identities 323 / 336 (96 %),
no gaps). The highest similarities using the tef1 sequence were
Ph. telopeae (GenBank KF766435; Identities 303 / 308 (98 %), no
gaps), Ph. yuccae (GenBank JX227948; Identities 371 / 396 (94
%), 5 gaps (1 %)) and Ph. minima (GenBank KF766432; Identities
287 / 309 (93 %), 6 gaps (1 %)).
Polyscytalum chilense Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824783. Fig. 32.
Etymology: Name refers to Chile, the country where this fungus
was collected.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, brown, smooth, 2–3
mm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, 1–3-septate,
subcylindrical, brown, smooth, straight to geniculous-sinuous,
30–60 × 3–4 mm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
subcylindrical to clavate, 7–12 × 3–4 mm; scars arranged in a
rachis, prominent, thickened, darkened and refractive, 1–1.5
mm diam. Conidia cylindrical, pale brown, smooth, prominently
guttulate, 1-septate, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1–1.5 mm diam,
somewhat darkened and refractive, in very long, unbranched
chains, (13–)15–18(–20) × (2–)2.5 mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, reaching
15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface ochreous,
reverse chestnut. On PDA surface and reverse amber. On OA
surface iron-grey.
Specimen examined: Chile, on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla
(Myrtaceae), Jun. 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23403, culture
ex-type CPC 31946 = CBS 143387).
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Notes: Sutton (1973) established the genus Anungitea for a
genus of hyphomycetes with dark, solitary conidiophores,
bearing a head of denticles with flattened conidiogenous
scars that are neither thickened nor darkened, and chains of
cylindrical, 1-septate subhyaline conidia. Since its introduction,
several taxa have been added to the genus, and because the
type A. fragilis remains phylogenetically undefined, the generic
concept has widened. As seen in the present study, several of
these “Anungitea” species cluster with Po. fecundissimum,
the type species of Polyscytalum. It has become clear that the
generic concepts of these two genera overlap and that several
species would be better accommodated in Polyscytalum than in
Anungitea. Polyscytalum has cylindrical conidia that vary from
being 0–1-septate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, with truncate
ends (those in Anungitea have obtuse ends), and the scars can
be somewhat darkened and refractive, but unthickened in both
genera (see Pseudoanungitea with thickened hila elsewhere in
this manuscript).
Phylogenetically (Fig. 13), Po. chilense is distinct from all
species known from Eucalyptus (Crous et al. 2017a) and is most
similar to Po. grevilleae, which has setae, and smaller conidia,
(10–)13–16(–22) × (2–)2.5–3 µm (Crous et al. 2016b).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Po. grevilleae (GenBank KX228252; Identities 537 / 560 (96 %),
no gaps), Po. eucalyptorum (GenBank NR_132904; Identities
534 / 560 (95 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Po. fecundissimum (GenBank
EU035441; Identities 371 / 391 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were Po. eucalyptigena
(GenBank KY173477; Identities 818 / 821 (99 %), no gaps),
Phlogicylindrium eucalypti (GenBank DQ923534; Identities
888 / 896 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Po. eucalyptorum (GenBank
KJ869176; Identities 878 / 886 (99 %), no gaps).
Fig. 32. Polyscytalum chilense (CBS 143387). A. Colony on SNA. B–D. Conidiophores giving rise to conidial chains. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
197
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 33. Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum (CBS 143388). A–C. Conidiophores giving rise to conidial chains. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous &
M.J. Wingf., comb. nov. MycoBank MB824784. Fig. 33.
Basionym: Anungitea eucalyptigena Crous & M.J. Wingf.,
Persoonia 37: 339. 2016.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2016a).
Mycelium consisting of brown, smooth, septate, 2–3 µm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, solitary, subcylindrical,
unbranched, brown, smooth, flexuous, 1–3-septate, 20–100 ×
3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, 7–15 × 3–4
µm, apex swollen with several sympodial loci, denticulate,
flat-tipped, 1–2 × 2–2.5 µm, not thickened nor darkened.
Ramoconidia subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, 0–1-septate,
12–20 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia occurring in long, unbranched chains,
cylindrical with truncate ends, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
medianly 1-septate, (11–)13–17(–20) × (2–)2.5 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, reaching 30 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface ochreous, reverse irongrey. On PDA surface amber, reverse brown vinaceous. On OA
surface olivaceous grey.
Specimens examined: Chile, on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis ×
uromycoides (Myrtaceae), Jun. 2010, M.J. Wingfield (specimen CBS
H-23421, culture CPC 31878 = CBS 143388). Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu,
on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × pellita (Myrtaceae), 30 May 2015,
M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22888, culture ex-type CPC 28762 = CBS
142102).
Notes: The present collection from Chile is morphologically
and phylogenetically (Fig. 13) similar to the ex-type strain of
Po. eucalyptigenum from Malaysia (ramoconidia 16–20 × 2.5–
3 µm, conidia (11–)14–16(–18) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm; Crous et al.
2016a). Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were Po. eucalyptigena (GenBank KY173383; Identities 570
/ 571 (99 %), no gaps), Po. grevilleae (GenBank KX228252;
Identities 548 / 571 (96 %), 11 gaps (1 %)) and Po. eucalyptorum
(GenBank NR_132904; Identities 545 / 571 (95 %), 12 gaps (2
%)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were Po.
eucalyptorum (GenBank KY173477; Identities 819 / 821 (99
%), no gaps), Po. grevilleae (GenBank KX228304; Identities
198
824 / 831 (99 %), no gaps) and Phlogicylindrium eucalypti
(GenBank DQ923534; Identities 835 / 844 (99 %), 1 gaps (0
%)).
Polyscytalum eucalyptorum (Crous & R.G. Shivas) Crous, comb.
nov. MycoBank MB824785.
Basionym: Anungitea eucalyptorum Crous & R.G. Shivas,
Persoonia 32: 199. 2014.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2014).
Specimen examined: Australia, Queensland, Dave’s Creek, S28°12’13.7”
E153°12’9.5”, on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) leaf litter, 11 Jul. 2009, P.W.
Crous & R.G. Shivas, (holotype CBS H-21678, culture ex-type CPC 17207
= CBS 137967).
Polyscytalum grevilleae (Crous & Jacq. Edwards) Crous, comb.
nov. MycoBank MB824786.
Basionym: Anungitea grevilleae Crous & Jacq. Edwards,
Persoonia 36: 327. 2016.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2016b).
Specimen examined: Australia, Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens
Cranbourne, S38°7’ 49.6” E145°16’9”, on leaves of Grevillea sp.
(Proteaceae), 7 Nov. 2014, P.W. Crous & J. Edwards (holotype CBS
H-22591, culture ex-type CPC 25576 = CBS 141282).
Polyscytalum neofecundissimum Crous & Akulov, sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824787. Fig. 34.
Etymology: Name refers to its morphological similarity to
Polyscytalum fecundissimum.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or erect, flexuous,
subcylindrical, branched, up to 100 µm tall, pale brown, smooth.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, pale
brown, smooth, 20–25 × 3–4 µm, proliferating sympodially at
apex, scars unthickened, 2–2.5 µm diam. Conidia occurring in
chains, cylindrical with obtuse ends, hyaline, smooth, medianly
1-septate, guttulate, (12–)14–17(–20) × 2(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface
folded, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
to clavate; scars arranged in a rachis, prominent, thickened,
darkened and refractive. Conidia fusoid-ellipsoid, pale brown,
smooth, prominently guttulate, 0–1-septate, hila somewhat
darkened and refractive, in short (1–2) unbranched chains.
Type species: Pseudoanungitea syzygii (Crous et al.) Crous.
Pseudoanungitea syzygii (Crous et al.) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824790.
Basionym: Anungitea syzygii Crous et al., Canad. J. Bot. 73(2):
225. 1995.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (1995).
Fig. 34. Polyscytalum neofecundissimum (CBS 143390). A. Conidiophore.
B. Conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 mm.
margins, reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA
and OA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey.
Specimen examined: Ukraine, Ternopil region, Zalischyky district,
Dniester Canyon, on leaf litter of Quercus robur (Fagaceae), associated
with the mycelium of Cladosporium sp., 7 Oct. 2016, A. Akulov, specimen
ex CWU (MYC) AS 6073 isotype (holotype CBS H-23419, culture ex-type
CPC 31826 = CBS 143390).
Notes: Polyscytalum neofecundissimum is morphologically and
phylogenetically (Fig. 13) similar to Po. fecundissimum (conidia
13–18 × 2 mm; Ellis 1971), except that it has larger conidia.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Po. fecundissimum (GenBank EU035441; Identities 562 / 578
(97 %), no gaps), Subulispora britannica (GenBank EF029198;
Identities 535 / 571 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Pseudophloeospora
eucalyptorum (GenBank NR_145406; Identities 436 / 494 (88 %),
18 gaps (3 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Po. fecundissimum (GenBank EU035441; Identities 800 /
809 (99 %), no gaps), Po. eucalyptigena (GenBank KY173477;
Identities 812 / 823 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Po. eucalyptorum
(GenBank KJ869176; Identities 831 / 843 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Polyscytalum nullicananum (Crous) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824788.
Basionym: Anungitea nullicana Crous, Persoonia 39: 411. 2017.
Description and illustration: Crous et al. (2017b).
Specimen examined: Australia, New South Wales, Nullica State Forest,
on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-23297, culture ex-type CPC 32528 = CBS 143406).
Pseudoanungitea Crous, gen. nov. MycoBank MB824789.
Etymology: Name refers to its morphological similarity to
Anungitea.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, brown, smooth,
2–3 mm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect,
septate, subcylindrical, brown, smooth, straight to flexuous.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical
Specimen examined: South Africa, Mpumalanga, Sabie, on leaf litter
of Syzygium chordatum (Myrtaceae), Mar. 1993, W.J. Swart (holotype
PREM 51687, culture ex-type CPC 578 = CBS 520.93).
Notes: Anungitea includes species with dark, solitary
conidiophores, bearing a head of denticles with flattened
conidiogenous scars that are unthickened and not darkened, and
chains of cylindrical, 1-septate subhyaline conidia, with apical and
basal scars (Sutton 1973). Anungitopsis is similar but includes taxa
with indistinguishable scars arranged in a rachis. Neoanungitea
is somewhat intermediate between these two genera, having a
rachis, but with flat-tipped loci (Crous et al. 2017b).
Because the type species of Anungitea (A. fragilis) is not
presently known from culture and needs to be recollected (leaves
of Abies balsamea, Manitoba, Canada), the phylogeny of Anungitea
remains unresolved, and several unrelated taxa have been
described in the genus. The two species treated here cluster apart
from the generic clade assumed to be Anungitea s. str. They differ
from Anungitea in having terminal and intercalary conidiogenous
cells, and refractive, thickened scars that give rise to short conidial
chains with somewhat darkened and refractive hila.
Pseudoanungitea vaccinii Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824791. Fig. 35.
Etymology: Name refers to Vaccinium, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, brown, smooth, 2–3
mm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, 0–3-septate,
subcylindrical, brown, smooth, straight to flexuous, 8–40 × 3–5
mm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical
to clavate, 5–20 × 3–5 mm; scars arranged in a rachis, prominent,
thickened, darkened and refractive, 1–1.5 mm diam. Conidia
fusoid-ellipsoid, pale brown, smooth, prominently guttulate,
0–1-septate, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1–1.5 mm diam,
somewhat darkened and refractive, in short (1–2) unbranched
chains, (8–)10–12(–13) × (2–)3(–4) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 7
mm diam after 1 mo at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and
reverse brown vinaceous.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on stem of Vaccinium
myrtillus (Ericaceae), 16 Jan. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype CBS
H-23422, culture ex-type CPC 30522 = CBS 143164).
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199
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 35. Pseudoanungitea vaccinii (CBS 143164). A–E. Conidiophores. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Notes: Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were Anungitea syzygii (GenBank KY853424; Identities 499 /
526 (95 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Tothia fuscella (GenBank JF927786;
Identities 504 / 561 (90 %), 11 gaps (1 %)) and T. spartii
(GenBank NR_132917; Identities 430 / 487 (88 %), 15 gaps
(3 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were
Cylindrosympodium lauri (GenBank EU035414; Identities 840 /
855 (98 %), no gaps), Cy. variabile (GenBank KX228353; Identities
836 / 852 (98 %), no gaps) and An. syzygii (GenBank KY853484;
Identities 802 / 823 (98 %), 6 gaps (0 %)).
Pseudoanungitea variabilis Hern.-Restr., sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824792. Fig. 36.
Etymology: Name refers to the variable conidial morphology.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, pale brown to brown,
smooth, 1–2 mm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, simple,
rarely branched, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, 0–7-septate,
brown paler to the apex, smooth, 18–100 × 2–3 mm. Conidiogenous
cells terminal and intercalary, sympodial, denticulate, subcylindrical,
8.5–23.5 × 2.5–4 mm; denticles prominent, sometimes darkened,
1–1.5 mm diam. Conidia in short chains (1–2(–4)), two shapes
a. fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, sometimes guttulate,
0–1-septate, apex obtuse or truncate, base truncate, 1–1.5 mm
diam, somewhat darkened and refractive, 8–14 × 2–2.5(–3) mm; b.
globose, subglobose to pyriform, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, apex
obtuse, base truncated, 1–1.5 mm diam, 4–8.5 × 2–4 mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies after 1 mo at 25 °C, on OA
reaching 6 mm, velvety, brown vinaceous, entire to lobate
margin; reverse brown vinaceous. On MEA and PDA reaching
6–12 mm, effuse becoming raised, aerial mycelium pale mouse
grey, submerged mycelium black, lobate margin; reverse black.
Specimen examined: Spain, Castilla la Mancha, Hayedo de la Tejera
Negra Natural Park, on dead wood, May 2011, M. Hernández-Restrepo,
J. Mena & J. Guarro (holotype CBS H-23494, culture ex-type CBS
132716).
Notes: Pseudoanungitea variabilis is distinct from other species
in the genus due to its having two conidial shapes. Some conidia
are fusoid-ellipsoid resembling those of Ps. syzygii and Ps.
vaccini (Crous et al. 1995, this study). However, Ps. variabilis can
be distinguished by the presence of globose conidia.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Sympodiella acicola (GenBank KY853468; Identities 370 / 412
(90 %), 17 gaps (4 %)), Tothia fuscella (GenBank JF927786;
Identities 469 / 528 (89 %), 13 gaps (2 %)) and T. spartii
(GenBank NR_132917; Identities 399 / 448 (89 %), 10 gaps
(2 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were
Cylindrosympodium lauri (GenBank EU035414; Identities 820
/ 849 (97 %), 6 gaps (0%)), Cyl. variabile (GenBank KX228353;
Identities 819 / 849 (96 %), 6 gaps (0%)) and Repetophragma
goidanichii (GenBank DQ408574; Identities 802 / 836 (96 %), 9
gaps (1 %)).
Fig. 36. Pseudoanungitea variabilis (CBS 132716). A. Conidiophores. B–D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
200
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 37. Pseudocamarosporium africanum (CPC 25926). A. Conidioma on PNA. B. Pigmented macroconidia. C, D. Conidiogeous cells. E. Microconidia.
Scale bars: A = 200 mm, all others = 10 mm.
Pseudocamarosporium africanum (Damm et al.) Crous, Sydowia
67: 110. 2015. Fig. 37.
Basionym: Paraconiothyrium africanum Damm et al., Persoonia
20: 15. 2008.
Conidiomata separate, pycnidial, brown, erumpent, globose,
150–200 µm diam, with 1–2 ostioles, exuding a brown conidial
mass; wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, doliiform with periclinal thickening
at apex, 4–9 × 3–6 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
becoming brown, finely roughened, subcylindrical, apex obtuse,
at times slightly clavate, base truncate to bluntly rounded,
0–1-septate, (6–)7–8(–9) × (2.5–)3–3.5(–4) µm. Spermatogonia
separate or in same conidioma as conidia, globose, brown, up to
150 µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3–4 layers of brown
textura angularis. Spermatophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Spermatogenous cells lining the inner cavity, ampulliform
to doliiform, hyaline, smooth, 4–6 × 3–4 µm, apex with visible
periclinal thickening and minute collarette. Spermatia solitary,
smooth, hyaline, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, apex
obtuse, base truncate, 3–5 × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies spreading, with sparse to
moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA surface pale mouse grey,
reverse greyish sepia; on PDA surface and reverse fuscous black;
on OA surface mouse grey.
Specimen examined: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Franschhoek
pass, twigs of Erica sp. (Ericaceae), Nov. 2014, M.J. Wingfield (specimen
CBS H-23425, culture CPC 25926 = CBS 144204).
Notes: The present collection is phylogenetically identical
to Pseudocamarosporium africanum. The latter taxon was
originally described from branches of Prunus persica in South
Africa. Morphologically, the two collections are also similar in
that conidia of the ex-type strain of Ps. africana are 1-septate,
rarely 3- or 4-celled, brown and thick-walled, verruculose, (4–)
6.5–9.5(–12) × (2.5–)3–4(–5) mm (Damm et al. 2008).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were Ps. africanum (GenBank EU295650; Identities 457 / 457
(100 %), no gaps), Ps. cotinae (GenBank KY098789; Identities
475 / 477 (99 %), no gaps) and Pseudocamarosporium “sp. 2”
(GenBank KY929162; Identities 475 / 477 (99 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence were Ps. cotinae
(GenBank KY098790; Identities 835 / 835 (100 %), no gaps),
Pseudocamarosporium “sp. 2” (GenBank KY929187; Identities
835 / 835 (100 %), no gaps) and Paracamarosporium “sp. 1”
(GenBank KY929184; Identities 835 / 835 (100 %), no gaps).
Pseudocamarosporium brabeji (Marinc. et al.) Crous, Sydowia
67: 110. 2015. Fig. 38.
Basionym: Camarosporium brabeji Marinc. et al., in Marincowitz
et al., CBS Diversity Ser. (Utrecht) 7: 90. 2008.
Conidiomata pycnidial, superficial on PNA, solitary, globose,
brown, 200–250 µm diam, with central papillate ostiole up
to 100 µm diam. Peridium of 3–6 layers of brown textura
angularis, thick-walled, dark brown. Conidiophores reduced to
Fig. 38. Pseudocamarosporium brabeji (CPC 25002). A. Conidioma on PNA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 250 mm, all others =
10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Crous et al.
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, 5–8
× 4–5 µm, ampulliform to doliiform with periclinal thickening at
apex. Conidia brown, ellipsoid or subcylindrical, (9–)10–12(–13)
× (4–)5(–6) µm, 1–3-transversely septate, straight or oblique,
smooth to finely roughened, thick-walled.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading with moderate
aerial mycelium. On MEA surface pale mouse grey, reverse
greyish sepia; on PDA surface and reverse fuscous black; on OA
surface honey.
host surface, pale brown, smooth, branched, septate, 3–4 mm
diam. Conidiophores solitary, arising from superficial hyphae,
pale brown, smooth, erect, geniculate-sinuous, subcylindrical,
0–3-septate, 10–30 × 3–4 mm. Conidiogenous cells integrated,
terminal, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical with several
terminal sympodial loci, flat-tipped, not thickened nor darkened,
1–1.5 mm diam, 7–12 × 3–4 mm. Conidia solitary, pale brown,
smooth, guttulate, mostly gently curved, narrowly obclavate,
apex subobtuse, base obconically truncate, 1–2 mm diam,
5–6(–8)-septate, (30–)50–80(–100) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) mm.
Specimens examined: Switzerland, on branch of Platanus sp.
(Platanaceae), 24 Jun. 2014, O. Holdenrieder (specimen CBS H-23429,
culture CPC 25002 = CBS 144205); ibid. (CPC 25004, 25843, 27400,
30973, 31482).
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface
folded with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins,
reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface grey olivaceous, reverse iron-grey.
Notes: Pseudocamarosporium and Paracamarosporium were
recently introduced to accommodate camarosporium-like
taxa that reside in Didymosphaeriaceae (Wijayawardene
et al. 2014). Both genera were also shown to include
species with a coniothyrium-like morphology (Crous et
al. 2015a). Pseudocamarosporium brabeji was treated as
Pseudocamarosporium sp. 2. in Crous & Groenewald (2017).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Ps. tilicola (GenBank KJ747050; Identities 555 / 555 (100 %),
no gaps), Ps. brabeji (GenBank EU552105; Identities 578 / 579
(99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Ps. lonicerae (GenBank KJ747047;
Identities 571 / 572 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The highest similarities
using the LSU sequence were Ps. cotinae (GenBank KY098790;
Identities 882 / 882 (100 %), no gaps), Paracamarosporium “sp.
1” (GenBank KY929184; Identities 882 / 882 (100 %), no gaps)
and Pa. fagi (GenBank KY929183; Identities 882 / 882 (100 %),
no gaps).
Specimen examined: South Africa, Limpopo Province, Wolkberg, on
leaves of Breonadia microcephala (Rubiaceae), Jan. 2010, J. Roux
(holotype CBS H-23413, culture ex-type CPC 30153 = CBS 143489).
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Pseudocercospora breonadiae Crous & Jol. Roux, sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824793. Fig. 39.
Etymology: Name refers to Breonadia, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Sporulation on the underside of leaves; lesions indistinct,
pale to medium brown zones, containing several fungi,
with Pseudocercospora breonadiae being intermixed with a
Zasmidium sp., with superficial brown verruculose hyphae,
and dark brown, verruculose, solitary, erect to flexuous
conidiophores, giving rise to dark brown, verruculose obclavate
conidia with thickened, darkened hila. Mycelium superficial on
Notes: No species of Pseudocercospora have been described
from Breonadia microcephala. The closest allied species to Ps.
breonadiae was Ps. planaltinensis, which was described from
leaves of a Chamaecrista sp. in Brazil (Fig. 40). However, it is
morphologically distinct, having cylindrical to obclavate conidia,
1–8-septate, 49–129 × 3–5 µm (Silva et al. 2016).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Ps. planaltinensis (GenBank KT290137; Identities 503 / 505
(99 %), no gaps), Ps. fuligena (GenBank GU214675; Identities
539 / 543 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Ps. chengtuensis (GenBank
GU214672; Identities 539 / 543 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were Ps. dingleyae (GenBank
KX286997; Identities 840 / 841 (99 %), no gaps), Ps. proiphydis
(GenBank KM055434; Identities 840 / 841 (99 %), no gaps) and
Ps. airliensis (GenBank KM055433; Identities 840 / 841 (99 %),
no gaps). The highest similarities using the actA sequence were
Ps. paraguayensis (GenBank KF903444; Identities 507 / 521
(97 %), no gaps), Ps. piricola (GenBank KY048162; Identities
562 / 578 (97 %), no gaps) and Ps. flavomarginata (GenBank
JX902134; Identities 522 / 537 (97 %), no gaps). The highest
similarities using the rpb2 sequence were Ps. neriicola (GenBank
KX462647; Identities 681 / 686 (99 %), no gaps), Ps. crispans
(GenBank KX462623; Identities 674 / 686 (98 %), no gaps) and
Ps. fukuokaensis (GenBank KX462632; Identities 672 / 686 (98
%), no gaps). The highest similarities using the tef1 sequence
were Ps. basiramifera (GenBank DQ211677; Identities 464 /
518 (90 %), 13 gaps (2 %)), Ps. parapseudarthriae (GenBank
Fig. 39. Pseudocercospora breonadiae (CBS 143489). A–C. Conidiophores. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
202
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Cercospora beticola CPC 14620 FJ473436.1
CBS 111286 JX902142.1
70
Pseudocercospora paraguayensis
CBS 111317 JQ325021.1
Pseudocercospora piricola KACC47656 KY048162.1
100
Pseudocercospora crispans CBS 125999T GU320510.1
T
Pseudocercospora breonadiae CBS 143489 sp. nov.
CBS 118824 T JX902134.1
54
Pseudocercospora flavomarginata
CBS 124990 GU320502.1
88
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
CBS 126001 GU320507.1
Pseudocercospora parapseudarthriae CBS 137996 T KJ869229.1
CBS 132111 GU320417.1
77
Pseudocercospora fukuokaensis
MUCC 887 T GU320418.1
92
Pseudocercospora neriicola CBS 138010 T KJ869231.1
65
86
T
CBS 111072 GU320368.1
CBS 114757 GU320484.1
Pseudocercospora basiramifera
CMW5148 DQ147607.1
25
Fig. 40. The first of six equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the combined Pseudocercospora actA alignment (16
strains including the outgroup; 191 characters analysed: 120 constant, 51 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 20 parsimony-informative). The
tree was rooted to Cercospora beticola (GenBank FJ473436.1) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher
than 49 % are shown at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. Species names are indicated to the right of the
tree, or before the culture collection and GenBank accession numbers. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status and branches present in the
strict consensus tree are thickened. Tree statistics: TL = 89, CI = 0.899, RI = 0.870, RC = 0.782.
KJ869238; Identities 457 / 511 (89 %), 6 gaps (1 %)) and Ps. jahnii
(GenBank KM393284; Identities 449 / 509 (88 %), 8 gaps (1 %)).
Rhinocladiella quercus Crous & R.K. Schumach., Sydowia 68:
219. 2016. Fig. 41.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, branched,
septate, 2–3 mm diam hyphae. Conidiophores trimorphic.
Microconidiophores exophiala-like, reduced to conidiogenous loci
on hyphae, phialidic hyphal pegs solitary, 1–2 × 1 mm, giving rise
to a mucoid conidial mass. Macroconidiophores ramichloridiumlike, cylindrical, erect, medium brown, smooth, 1–2-septate,
unbranched, straight, 20–30 × 2–3 mm. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, medium brown, smooth, developing a rachis of
pimple-like denticles, 0.5 mm diam, refractive, 11–25 × 2–3 mm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid to cylindrical, straight
to slightly curved, (3–)4(–5) × 1.5–2 mm. Cladophialophora-like
morph developing at hyphal ends, with cells becoming swollen,
ellipsoid, aseptate, and prominently constricted at septa, in
branched chains, 4–7 × 3–4 mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA, surface
and reverse olivaceous grey.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on branch of Sorbus
aucuparia (Rosaceae), 17 Feb. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (specimen CBS
H-23406, culture CPC 30459 = CBS 143495).
Notes: Rhinocladiella quercus was recently described from twigs
of Quercus robur collected near Berlin in Germany (Hernández-
Fig. 41. Rhinocladiella quercus (CBS 143495). A, B. Conidiogenous loci. C–E. Conidiophores. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
203
Crous et al.
Restrepo et al. 2016). The morphology of the present collection
on Sorbus aucuparia closely matches that of the type.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
R. quercus (GenBank KX306769; Identities 633 / 642 (99 %), 1
gap (0 %)), Capronia sp. (GenBank AF050240; Identities 613 /
617 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Cladophialophora sp. (GenBank
JX494354; Identities 621 / 634 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were R. quercus (GenBank
KX306794; Identities 792 / 792 (100 %), no gaps), Capronia sp.
(GenBank JN941378; Identities 799 / 801 (99 %), no gaps) and
Ca. fungicola (GenBank FJ358224; Identities 768 / 801 (96 %), 3
gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 and
tub2 sequences were used in a megablast search.
and S. caricae (GenBank KX246909; Identities 458 / 509 (90
%), 10 gaps (1 %)). Only distant hits were obtained using the
rpb2 sequence; for example with Torula herbarum (GenBank
KF443393; Identities 582 / 735 (79 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). No
significant hits were obtained with the tub2 sequence.
Setophaeosphaeria citricola Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824795. Fig. 43.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Roussoella euonymi Crous & Akulov, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824794. Fig. 42.
Etymology: Name refers to Euonymus, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata erumpent, globose, brown, pycnidial, 150–300
µm diam, with central ostiole, exuding a black conidial mass.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, lining the inner
cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, proliferating
percurrently at apex, 5–12 × 5–7 µm. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid,
guttulate, aseptate, apex obtuse, base 2 µm diam, bluntly
rounded, thick-walled, becoming warty, golden-brown to redbrown, (6–)7(–8) × (4–)5–6 µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching 60 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous grey with
patches of pale olivaceous grey, reverse pale olivaceous grey. On
PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface
iron-grey.
Specimen examined: Ukraine, Ternopil region, Zalischyky district,
Dniester Canyon, on fallen branches of Euonymus europaeus
(Celastraceae), 14 Oct. 2016, A. Akulov, specimen ex CWU (MYC) AS
6061 isotype (holotype CBS H-23420, culture ex-type CPC 31963 = CBS
143426).
Notes: Based on the LSU sequence, Roussoella euonymi is
accommodated in the Roussoellaceae, being similar to other
asexual species such as Ro. solani and Ro. mexicana (Crous et al.
2015b, c). Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database
were numerous unidentified “Pleosporales sp.” sequences
(e.g. GenBank HM116753; Identities 542 / 561 (97 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), with the closest known species being Ro. neopustulans
(GenBank KJ474833; Identities 441 / 474 (93 %), 5 gaps (1 %))
and Ro. pustulans (GenBank KJ474830; Identities 442 / 478 (92
%), 4 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Ro. mukdahanensis (GenBank KU863118; Identities 837 /
847 (99 %), no gaps), Arthopyrenia salicis (GenBank LN907499;
Identities 843 / 854 (99 %), no gaps) and Ro. neopustulans
(GenBank KU863119; Identities 839 / 850 (99 %), no gaps).
Only distant hits were obtained using the actA sequence; some
of these were Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (GenBank
KX246908; Identities 459 / 509 (90 %), 10 gaps (1 %)), S. citrulli
(GenBank KX246907; Identities 459 / 509 (90 %), 10 gaps (1 %))
204
Etymology: Name refers to Citrus, the host genus from which
this fungus was collected.
Ascomata on twigs immersed, black, 150–250 mm diam, globose,
opening via a central ostiole that could with age become an
irregular rupture in ascomatal wall; wall of 2–3 layers of brown
textura angularis. Asci bitunicate, sessile, subcylindrical to
narrowly ellipsoid, apical chamber 1–2 mm diam, stipitate, 50–
70 × 11–15 mm. Ascospores multiseriate, hyaline, thin-walled,
smooth, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoidal, widest in upper third, apex
subobtusely rounded, base obtuse, (16–)19–20(–22) × (4.5–)5(–
6) mm. Conidiomata pycnidial, 150–250 mm diam, aggregated,
globose, pale brown with dark brown central ostiole, 20–30 mm
diam, ostiole surrounded by brown, thick-walled, verruculose,
septate hyphae, up to 100 mm long, 4–5 mm diam at base, apex
obtuse. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–7 ×
5–6 mm, phialidic with prominent periclinal thickening. Conidia
solitary, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, multiguttulate and granular,
fusoid-ellipsoid, straight to irregularly twisted, apex obtuse,
base truncate, 2 mm diam, (10–)12–14(–17) × 3–3.5(–4) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching 45 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale mouse grey to
mouse grey, reverse mouse grey. On PDA surface olivaceous
grey, reverse mouse grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Specimen examined: Australia, New South Wales, Mount Annan
Botanical Garden, on leaves of Citrus australasica (Rutaceae), 25 Nov.
2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23271, culture ex-type CPC 32083 =
CBS 143179).
Notes: Coniothyrium sidae was recently described from a Sida
sp. collected in Brazil (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Although the ITS
is identical (Fig. 44), the morphology is very different, with the
sexual morph having hyaline, aseptate ascospores, those of Con.
sidae being brown, (3–)5-septate, (18–)20–24(–26) × (4–)5(–
5.5) µm, and conidia being smaller, fusoid-ellipsoidal, straight
to slightly curved, (9–)10–12(–13) × (2.5–)3 µm. Conidia of S.
citri, described from Citrus in Italy, are smaller than those of S.
citricola, 3.5–5 × 2–3 µm (Crous et al. 2017b).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Con. sidae (GenBank KF251149; Identities 518 / 520 (99 %), no
gaps), Phaeosphaeria setosa (GenBank AF439500; Identities
472 / 476 (99 %), no gaps) and S. hemerocallidis (GenBank
KJ869161; Identities 503 / 521 (97 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence were Con. sidae
(GenBank KF251653; Identities 835 / 836 (99 %), no gaps), S.
badalingensis (GenBank KJ869219; Identities 828 / 832 (99 %),
no gaps) and Leptosphaeria rubefaciens (GenBank JF740311;
Identities 843 / 854 (99 %), no gaps). The highest similarities
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 42. Roussoella euonymi (CBS 143426). A. Conidiomata on PDA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Fig. 43. Setophaeosphaeria citricola (CBS 143179). A. Ascomata submerged in host tissue. B–D. Asci and ascospores. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G.
Conidia. Scale bars: A = 250 mm, all others = 10 mm.
Pyrenochaeta acicola CBS 101634 LT623217.1
Setophaeosphaeria “hemerocallidis” A582 KX463035.1
T
Setophaeosphaeria badalingensis CBS 138007 KJ869162.1
100
99
T
Setophaeosphaeria hemerocallidis CBS 138006 KJ869161.1
T
97
98
85
Setophaeosphaeria citricola CBS 143179 sp. nov.
Setophaeosphaeria setosa CBS 458.84 T AF439500.1
T
Setophaeosphaeria sidae CBS 135108 comb. nov.
25
Fig. 44. Single most parsimonious tree obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the Setophaeosphaeria ITS alignment (Seven strains including the
outgroup; 487 characters analysed: 389 constant, 64 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 34 parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted to
Pyrenochaeta acicola (GenBank LT623217.1) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Bootstrap support values higher than 49 % are shown
at the nodes and novelties are highlighted with a coloured box and bold text. A superscript T denotes strains with a type status. GenBank accession
and/or culture collection numbers are indicated behind the species names. Tree statistics: TL = 127, CI = 0.937, RI = 0.830, RC = 0.778.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
205
Crous et al.
using the rpb2 sequence were Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis
(GenBank LT717682; Identities 715 / 847 (84 %), no gaps), Py.
cava (GenBank LT717681; Identities 705 / 847 (83 %), no gaps)
and Py. hakeae (GenBank KY173593; Identities 705 / 847 (83
%), no gaps). The best hit with the tef1 sequence was with Con.
sidae (GenBank KF253109; Identities 439 / 500 (88 %), 21 gaps
(4 %)) while the tub2 sequence was less than 87 % identical to
species of Pyrenochaeta, Neocucurbitaria and Cucurbitaria.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Setophaeosphaeria sidae (Quaedvl. et al.) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB824796.
Basionym: Coniothyrium sidae Quaedvl. et al., Stud. Mycol. 75:
374. 2013.
Specimen examined: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Riograndina,
along roadside on Sida sp. (Malvaceae), 24 Feb. 2008, R.W. Barreto
(holotype CBS H-21315, culture ex-type CPC 19602 = RWB 866 = CBS
135108).
Sirastachys cyperacearum Crous & T.I. Burgess, sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824797. Fig. 45.
Etymology: Name refers to Cyperaceae, the substrate from
which this fungus was collected.
Conidiophores macro- and mononematous, single or in groups
of 2–3, thin-walled, smooth, unbranched, erect, straight to
flexuous, 3–4-septate, stipe 70–90 × 3–5 µm, bearing 5–10
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, clavate to
subclavate, hyaline (to faintly greenish), smooth, 10–12 × 3–5
µm, with collarettes. Conidia solitary, aseptate, ellipsoid, thickwalled, dark brown, guttulate, verrucose, (5–)6–7(–8) × (2.5–)3
µm, with rounded ends.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse to
moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching
25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous
grey, reverse olivaceous grey to smoke grey. On PDA surface
olivaceous grey, reverse smoke grey. On OA surface iron-grey.
Specimen examined: Australia, New South Wales, Fitzroy Falls, on
leaves of Cyperaceae, 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23308,
culture ex-type CPC 32087 = CBS 143444).
Notes: The genus Sirastachys, based on Si. phaeospora, was
recently established by Lombard et al. (2016). Phylogenetically
the present collection is closely related to Si. phaeospora, but
distinct in that the latter has smaller conidia, 4–5 × 2–3 μm, and
shorter conidiophores (40–65 mm long) (Lombard et al. 2016).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were Si.
phaeospora (GenBank KU846667; Identities 581 / 588 (99 %), 2
gaps (0 %)), Si. pandanicola (GenBank KU846664; Identities 555 /
563 (99 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Stachybotrys parvispora (GenBank
JN093263; Identities 543 / 552 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The
highest similarities using the LSU sequence were Si. phyllophila
(GenBank KU846784; Identities 822 / 827 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)),
Si. pandanicola (GenBank KU846777; Identities 820 / 827 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)) and Si. phaeospora (GenBank KU846779; Identities
817 / 827 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)).
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata Crous & Alfenas, IMA Fungus 5:
411. 2014. Fig. 46.
Conidiomata eustromatic, pycnidioid, 200–300 mm diam,
immersed to erumpent, dark brown, multilocular, ostiolate,
ostioles 30–40 mm diam; wall of 4–6 layers of medium brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells,
or 1–2-septate, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
unbranched, 7–20 × 3–5 mm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical to ampulliform with percurrent proliferation at
apex, 7–13 × 3–5 mm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
medianly 1-septate, constricted or not, ellipsoid with mucoid
polar appendages, (12–)14–17(–18) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–6) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 15 mm diam
after 2 wk. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey.
Specimen examined: Australia, New South Wales, Sussex Inlet, on
leaves of Phragmites sp. (Poaceae), 27 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous, CBS
143579 = CPC 32406.
Notes: Sphaerellopsis paraphysata was recently described on a
rust on Pennisetum sp. collected in Brazil (Trakunyingcharoen et
al. 2014), and this is the first record of this hyperparasite from
Australia.
Fig. 45. Sirastachys cyperacearum (CBS 143444). A. Conidiophores on SNA. B–D. Conidiophores. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
206
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 46. Sphaerellopsis paraphysata (CPC 32406). A. Conidiomata on OA. B. Ostiolar region of conidioma. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale
bars = 10 mm.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata (GenBank NR_137956; Identities
554 / 561 (99 %), no gaps), Eudarluca caricis (GenBank KP170655;
Identities 426 / 475 (90 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and Subplenodomus
drobnjacensis (GenBank MG131867; Identities 426 / 481 (89 %),
14 gaps (2 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Sphaerellopsis paraphysata (GenBank KP170729; Identities
840 / 841 (99 %), no gaps), Plenodomus congestus (GenBank
JF740278; Identities 846 / 855 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Con.
telephii (GenBank LN907332; Identities 847 / 857 (99 %), 1 gap
(0 %)). The highest similarities using the rpb2 sequence were
Leptosphaeria biglobosa (GenBank FO905662; Identities 680 /
868 (78 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Curvularia affinis (GenBank HG779159;
Identities 674 / 871 (77 %), 15 gaps (1 %)) and Plenodomus
enteroleucus (GenBank KY064042; Identities 603 / 770 (78 %), 8
gaps (1 %)). The highest similarity using the tef1 sequence was
Sp. paraphysata (GenBank KP170685; Identities 496 / 505 (98
%), 4 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarity using the tub2 sequence
was Sp. paraphysata (GenBank KP170710; Identities 300 / 304
(99 %), no gaps).
Subplenodomus iridicola Crous & Denman, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824798. Fig. 47.
Etymology: Name refers to the fact that the fungus is found on
Iris.
Fig. 47. Subplenodomus iridicola (CBS 143395). A. Ascomata on BLA. B. Conidioma on SNA. C–E. Asci with ascospores. F. Paraphyses. G, H. Germinating
ascospores. I. Conidia. Scale bars: A, B = 200 mm, all others = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Crous et al.
Leaf spots pale brown with blackish margins, amphigenous,
elongated, subcircular, 4–7 mm diam, up to 4 cm long. Ascomata
immersed, globose, dark brown, 150–250 µm diam, with
central ostiole, 20–30 µm diam; wall of 4–6 layers of brown
textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses intermingled among
asci, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, hyphae-like, 2–3 µm
diam. Asci 8-spored, fasciculate, stipitate, bitunicate, narrowly
ellipsoid, ocular chamber 1.5–2 µm diam, 80–100 × 10–15 µm.
Ascospores multiseriate, fusoid-ellipsoid, pale brown, guttulate,
finely roughened, constricted at median septum, developing 1(–
4) additional septa in both cells, at times first cell above median
septum slightly swollen, (19–)21–25(–27) × (5–)6(–7) µm.
Germinating ascospores become distorted, up to 8 µm diam,
with germ tubes via terminal or intercalary cells. Conidiomata
pycnidial, globose, pale brown, 100–200 µm diam, with central
papillate ostiole, 20–30 µm diam; wall of 4–6 layers of brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells
lining inner cavity, doliiform, hyaline, smooth, phialidic with
periclinal thickening, 4–7 × 4–6 µm. Conidia solitary, aseptate,
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid,
apex obtuse, base truncate, (4–)5–6(–7) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 50 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface ochreous, reverse
amber. On PDA surface and reverse isabelline. On OA surface
rosy buff with patches of isabelline and cinnamon.
Specimen examined: UK, England, Upton Grey, on Iris sp. (Iridaceae),
28 Mar. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23415, culture ex-type CPC
30162 = CBS 143395).
Notes: Subplenodomus was established by de Gruyter et al.
(2013) for Su. violicola. Phylogenetically Su. iridicola is closely
related to Su. galicola, but distinct in that the latter (described
from a dead stem of Galium sp. collected in Italy) has larger
ascospores [30–40 × 6–9 mm, (3–)4-septate] and asci (66–120 ×
12–17 mm) (Tibpromma et al. 2017).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Alloleptosphaeria italica (GenBank KT454722; Identities 428
/ 458 (93 %), 6 gaps (1 %)), Subplenodomus galicola (GenBank
KY554204; Identities 505 / 576 (88 %), 23 gaps (3 %)) and
Leptosphaeria rubefaciens (GenBank KT804116; Identities 448
/ 495 (91 %), 12 gaps (2 %)). The highest similarities using the
LSU sequence were Su. galicola (GenBank KY554199; Identities
848 / 854 (99 %), no gaps), Su. violicola (GenBank GU238156;
Identities XXX / 848 / 854 (99 %), no gaps) and Plenodomus
deqinensis (GenBank KY064031; Identities 843 / 849 (99 %), no
gaps).
Teichospora quercus Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824799. Fig. 48.
Etymology: Name refers to Quercus, the host genus from which
this fungus was collected.
Ascomata solitary to gregarious, semi-immersed, becoming
erumpent, dark brown, uniloculate, globose with papillate
ostiole, 200–350 µm diam; peridium thick-walled, multi-layered,
of textura angularis, brown, becoming hyaline inwards. Asci
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, shortstipitate, rounded at apex, with ocular chamber, 60–110 × 10–15
µm. Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, hyaline, fusiform or ellipsoidfusoid, straight, widest just above median septum, (1–)3-septate,
but becoming golden brown, with mucoid sheath (up to 2.5 µm
diam), (19–)20–22(–25) × (4–)5(–6) µm. Pseudoparaphyses
longer than asci, filiform, cells cylindrical, branched, hyaline,
thin-walled, smooth, 2–2.5 µm diam. Conidiomata globose to
subglobose, 150–300 µm diam, with central ostiole, sessile on
foot of brown stroma; wall of 6–8 layers of pale brown textura
angularis, becoming hyaline towards inside. Conidiophores
Fig. 48. Teichospora quercus (CBS 143396). A. Ascoma on host tissue. B, C. Asci and pseudoparaphyses. D. Ascospores. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G.
Conidia. Scale bars: A = 350 mm, all others = 10 mm.
208
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched at base, 10–20 ×
3–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical, phialidic with prominent percurrent
proliferation, 5–10 × 2–4 µm. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid, hyaline,
smooth, guttulate, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1.5–2 µm diam,
(4–)5(–6) × (2.5–)3 µm.
(GenBank AY485625; Identities 701 / 826 (85 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the tef1 sequence were T. trabicola
(GenBank KU601603; Identities 410 / 477 (86 %), 25 gaps (5 %)),
T. rubriostiolata (GenBank KU601608; Identities 404 / 471 (86
%), 16 gaps (3 %)) and T. melanommoides (GenBank KU601610;
Identities 399 / 466 (86 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface smoke grey in
centre, olivaceous grey in outer zone, reverse olivaceous grey.
On PDA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse smoke grey with
diffuse sienna pigment. On OA surface pale olivaceous grey.
Trochila viburnicola Crous & Denman, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824800. Fig. 49.
Specimen examined: France, Cléron, on stroma of pyrenomycete, on
branch of Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 15 Nov. 2015, G. Moyne (holotype
CBS H-23404, culture ex-type CPC 30009 = CBS 143396).
Notes: The genus Teichospora was treated in detail by Jaklitsch
& Voglmayr (2016) and includes several generic synonyms.
Although the present collection was initially assumed to
represent a new genus, it clusters phylogenetically with other
species of Teichospora. It is, however, morphologically distinct,
in that the ascospores remain hyaline, and are surrounded by
a mucoid sheath, and are only 1(–3) transversely septate. The
asexual morph, however, is phoma-like, which again resembles
those of Teichospora. Nevertheless, if additional gene loci
eventually show this clade to represent more than one genus, T.
quercus will most likely be placed in a separate genus.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
T. rubriostiolata (GenBank KU601590; Identities 562 / 589 (95
%), 4 gaps (0 %)), T. melanommoides (GenBank KU601585;
Identities 561 / 590 (95 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and T. acaciae
(GenBank NR_138410; Identities 559 / 591 (95 %), 8 gaps (1 %)).
The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were T. parva
(GenBank GU385195; Identities 851 / 854 (99 %), no gaps), T.
acaciae (GenBank KR611898; Identities 800 / 810 (99 %), no
gaps) and T. melanommoides (GenBank KU601585; Identities
841 / 852 (99 %), no gaps). The highest similarities using the rpb2
sequence were T. rubriostiolata (GenBank KU601596; Identities
745 / 829 (90 %), no gaps), T. trabicola (GenBank KU601600;
Identities 732 / 830 (88 %), no gaps) and Melanomma radicans
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Etymology: Name refers to the fact that the fungus occurs (icola
= dweller) on stems of Viburnum.
Conidiomata pale brown, globose, somewhat flattened,
120–250 µm diam, opening by irregular rupture, becoming
acervular; wall of 3–6 layers of pale brown textura angularis.
Macroconidiophores lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical, branched, 1–7-septate, 10–40 × 4–6 µm.
Macroconidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to doliiform, 5–13 × 4–5
µm, with semi-flared collarette, 1–3 µm tall, proliferating
percurrently. Macroconidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, aseptate, subcylindrical, straight, apex obtuse, base
truncate, 3–4 µm diam with prominent marginal frill, (5–)6–7
× (3–)4 µm. Microconidiophores similar in morphology to
macroconidiophores, 8–20 × 3–4 µm. Microconidiogenous cells
terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 4–7 ×
2.5–3 µm, proliferating percurrently. Microconidia similar to
macroconidia but smaller, 3–4 × 2–2.5 µm, with minute marginal
frill.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, surface folded,
with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins,
reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface pale luteous to ochreous, reverse ochreous.
Specimen examined: UK, England, Upton Grey, on twig cankers of
Viburnum sp. (Adoxaceae), 28 Mar. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-23416, culture ex-type CPC 30254 = CBS 144206).
Notes: The genus Sirophoma is known from Viburnum, but
is distinct from the present collection in that it has pycnidial
conidiomata with central ostioles, long flexuous conidiophores,
Fig. 49. Trochila viburnicola (CPC 30254). A. Conidiomata on OA. B–D. Conidiogenous cells. E, F. Micro- and macroconidia. Scale bars: A = 200 mm, all
others = 10 mm.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
209
Crous et al.
and globose to pyriform conidia. Based on DNA sequence
similarity, the present asexual collection is similar to sequences
of the sexual morph Trochila (Dermateaceae). Trochila has
been linked to cryptocline-like asexual morphs, and hence it is
tentatively placed in this genus. A species of Trochila known from
Viburnum is T. tini, but as this species is not known from culture
and only the sexual morph is known, a comparison is impossible.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Crumenulopsis sororia (GenBank KY941133; Identities 437 /
487 (90 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), Cenangiopsis quercicola (GenBank
LT158425; Identities 506 / 552 (92 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Vestigium
trifidum (GenBank NR_121556; Identities 502 / 551 (91 %),
3 gaps (0 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Vestigium trifidum (GenBank KC407777; Identities 833 /
860 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Fabrella tsugae (GenBank AF356694;
Identities 798 / 824 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Trochila laurocerasi
(GenBank KX090835; Identities 812 / 839 (97 %), no gaps). The
highest similarities using the rpb2 sequence were Hyalopeziza
nectrioides (GenBank JN086836; Identities 551 / 689 (80 %), 6
gaps (0 %)), Chlorencoelia torta (GenBank JN086854; Identities
618 / 777 (80 %), 6 gaps (0 %)) and Loramyces macrosporus
(GenBank JN086838; Identities 533 / 671 (79 %), 7 gaps (1 %)).
Only distant hits to Cucurbitaria and Trichoderma were obtained
when the tef1 sequence was used in a megablast search.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Varicosporellopsis aquatilis Lechat & J. Fourn., Ascomycete.org
8(3): 87. 2016. Fig. 50.
On SNA: Mycelium consisting of hyaline, branched, septate,
smooth, 3–5 mm diam hyphae, lacking chlamydospores, and
frequently forming hyphal coils. Conidiophores solitary, erect,
branched at base, 0–2-septate, or reduced to conidiogenous
cells; branched conidiophores consist of a basal stipe, 15–30
× 3–5 mm, giving rise to 1–3 lateral branches, 0–1-septate, or
conidiogenous cells, 40–100 × 3–5 mm. Conidiogenous cells
subcylindrical with slight apical taper, hyaline, smooth, 35–60
× 3–4 mm, apex phialidic with minute cylindrical collarette, 1–2
mm tall, giving rise to clusters of slimy conidia. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, granular to guttulate, ellipsoid, aseptate,
straight to curved, apex subobtuse, base tapered to a truncate
hilum, 1–1.5 mm diam, (6–)11–13(–15) × (3–)4(–4.5) mm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, aerial mycelium
sparse, surface folded, with smooth, lobate margins, reaching
15–25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
dirty white to pale luteous, reverse luteous to pale luteous.
Specimen examined: The Netherlands, Culemborg, from garden soil,
Feb. 2017, H. van Warenburg, culture JW75003 = CBS 143509.
Notes: Morphologically Varicosporellopsis aquatilis resembles
Acremonium curvulum in having curved, fusoid-ellipsoid conidia
with truncate hila. However, it can be distinguished in that
it lacks chlamydospores, and has much larger conidia than A.
curvulum (4–6.7 × 1.4–2.1 mm; Gams 1971), from which it is also
phylogenetically distinct. Based on a megablast search using the
ITS sequence, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide
database were V. aquatilis (GenBank KU233187; Identities 524 /
530 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Fusarium merismoides var. violaceum
(GenBank EU860060; Identities 842 / 906 (93 %), 27 gaps (2
%)) and Thyronectria asturiensis (GenBank KJ570690; Identities
210
854 / 919 (93 %), 25 gaps (2 %)). The highest similarities using
the LSU sequence were V. aquatilis (GenBank KU233189;
Identities 835 / 836 (99 %), no gaps), Paracremonium variiforme
(GenBank KU746739; Identities 823 / 836 (98 %), no gaps) and
Pa. contagium (GenBank KP012631; Identities 790 / 804 (98
%), no gaps). Only distant hits were obtained using the actA
sequence; some of these were Verticillium dahliae (GenBank
CP010981; Identities 874 / 973 (90 %), 15 gaps (1 %)), Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (GenBank LT841228; Identities 870 /
977 (89 %), 17 gaps (1 %)) and Fusarium graminearum (GenBank
HG970335; Identities 872 / 979 (89 %), 21 gaps (2 %)). The
highest similarities using the tub2 sequence were Pa. inflatum
(GenBank KM232101; Identities 528 / 583 (91 %), 9 gaps (1 %)),
Pa. contagium (GenBank KM232103; Identities 532 / 599 (89 %),
9 gaps (1 %)) and Pa. pembeum (GenBank KU053055; Identities
438 / 500 (88 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
Varicosporellopsis aquatilis was recently described from
submerged wood collected in freshwater in southwestern
France. The acremonium-like asexual morph is morphologically
similar, but its conidia are somewhat smaller, 6–11 × 2.8–3.2 mm
(Lechat & Fournier 2016).
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali Crous, Persoonia 32: 213. 2014.
Fig. 51.
Conidiomata sporodochial, on SNA erumpent, crystalline, up to
500 µm diam, with brown, erect setae distributed throughout
conidioma, thick-walled, flexuous, finely roughened, 180–500
× 4–10 µm, 6–20-septate, with obtuse ends. Conidiophores
aggregated in stroma, subcylindrical, 2–4-septate, branched
below, 35–70 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal,
cylindrical with curved apex, pale brown, smooth to finely
roughened, 12–26 × 2.5–3 µm, apex 1.5–2 µm diam. Conidia
solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, straight to slightly
curved, inequilateral, outer plane convex, apex subobtusely
rounded, with truncate hilum, excentric, 1 µm diam, (14–)16–
19(–21) × 2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, covering the dish
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse
pale luteous to ochreous.
Specimens examined: Australia, New South Wales, Barron Grounds
Nature Reserve, on leaves of Melaleuca sp. (Myrtaceae), 26 Nov. 2016,
P.W. Crous (culture CPC 32057 = CBS 143424); Victoria, La Trobe State
Forest, on leaves of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae), 30 Nov. 2016, P.W.
Crous (CBS H-23312, culture CPC 32544 = CBS 143440).
Notes: Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali was described from leaves
of Dichapetalum rhodesicum collected in Botswana (Crous et al.
2014), and these are the first records from Australia. Based on
a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the closest matches
in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were Ve. dichapetali
(GenBank KX306771; Identities 532 / 534 (99 %), no gaps),
Ve.immersa (GenBank KY853476; Identities 532 / 534 (99 %), 2
gaps (0 %)) and Ve. acaciae (GenBank NR_145253; Identities 520
/ 536 (97 %), 7 gaps (1 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU
sequence were Ve. dichapetali (GenBank KX306796; Identities
716 / 716 (100 %), no gaps), Ve. acaciae (GenBank KX228314;
Identities 837 / 839 (99 %), no gaps) and Ve. immersa (GenBank
KJ476961; Identities 822 / 827 (99 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). Only distant
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 50. Varicosporellopsis aquatilis (CBS 143509). A–C. Conidiophores. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Fig. 51. Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali (CPC 32057). A. Conidiomata on BLA. B. Conidioma with setae on SNA. C. Conidiophores. D. Conidia. Scale
bars = 10 mm.
hits were obtained using the actA sequence of CPC 32544;
some of these were Xenogliocladiopsis eucalyptorum (GenBank
KM231140; Identities 390 / 418 (93 %), no gaps), Allantonectria
miltina (GenBank KM231247; Identities 388 / 418 (93 %), no
gaps) and X. cypellocarpa (GenBank KM231141; Identities 388
/ 418 (93 %), no gaps).
Wettsteinina philadelphi Crous & R.K. Schumach., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB824801. Fig. 52.
Etymology: Name refers to Philadelphus, the host genus from
which this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary to aggregated, globose, 250–350
µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 6–8 layers of brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform,
10–15 × 3–5 µm, with numerous, prominent percurrent
proliferations in apical region. Conidia solitary, medium brown,
finely roughened, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex obtuse,
tapering prominently in lower third to truncate hilum, 1–1.5 µm
diam; with (2–)3(–5) transverse eusepta, and 1–3 muriform or
vertical septa, (11–)15–20(–23) × (5–)6–7(–8) µm.
Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margins, covering the dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
and reverse smoke grey. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Specimen examined: Germany, near Berlin, on twigs of Philadelphus
coronarius (Hydrangeaceae), 2 Apr. 2016, R.K. Schumacher (holotype
CBS H-23410, culture ex-type CPC 30534 = CBS 143392).
Notes: The present camarosporium-like collection is described in
the genus Wettsteinina, although this genus is primarily known
from its sexual morphs (Zhang et al. 2012), with one reference
to a possible stagonospora-like asexual morph (Farr & Rossman
2018).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were
Alpinaria rhododendri (GenBank NR_147686; Identities 505
/ 534 (95 %), 10 gaps (1 %)), Herpotrichia juniperi (GenBank
JX981496; Identities 443 / 472 (94 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and He.
pinetorum (GenBank KP966102; Identities 442 / 471 (94 %),
8 gaps (1 %)). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence
were Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (GenBank LC203344; Identities
847 / 853 (99 %), no gaps), Trematosphaeria pertusa (GenBank
DQ678072; Identities 847 / 853 (99 %), no gaps) and Wettsteinina
macrotheca (GenBank AY849969; Identities 838 / 844 (99 %),
no gaps). Only distant similarity to He. juniperi sequences were
obtained with the tef1 sequence.
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
211
Crous et al.
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 52. Wettsteinina philadelphi (CPC 30534). A. Conidiomata on PDA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Xyladictyochaetaceae Crous & Hern.-Restr., fam. nov. MycoBank
MB824802.
Mycelium consisting of medium brown, smooth, septate,
branched, hyphae, forming globose, intercalary, brown, smooth,
chlamydospore-like structures. Conidiophores erect, brown,
smooth, subcylindrical, flexuous, multiseptate. Conidiogenous
cells terminal and intercalary, polyphialidic; phialidic opening
lacking flared collarettes. Conidia solitary, aggregating in slimy
mass, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, slightly curved, apex
subacute, base truncate, medianly 1-septate; each end with
flexuous, unbranched appendage.
Type genus: Xyladictyochaeta Hern.-Restr. et al.
Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica Hern.-Restr. et al., Stud. Mycol. 86:
94. 2017. Fig. 53.
Mycelium consisting of medium brown, smooth, septate,
branched, 3–4 µm diam hyphae, that form globose, intercalary,
brown, smooth, chlamydospore-like structures, 5–6 µm diam.
Conidiophores erect, brown, smooth, subcylindrical, flexuous,
multiseptate, 60–150 × 3–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and
intercalary, polyphialidic, 2–6 × 2–2.5 µm; phialidic opening 1 µm
diam, lacking flared collarettes. Conidia solitary, aggregating in
slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, slightly curved, apex
subacute, base truncate, 1 µm diam, medianly 1-septate, (10–)
11–12(–13) × (2.5–)3 µm; each end with flexuous, unbranched
appendage, apex central, base excentric, 3–7 µm diam.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, surface folded,
with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate
margins, reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and
PDA surface and reverse amber. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Specimens examined: Australia, New South Wales, Nullica State Forest,
on Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) leaf litter, 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous, (CBS
H-23291, culture CPC 32324 = CBS 143502); ibid. (CPC 32526).
Notes: The genus Xyladictyochaeta, based on Xy. lusitanica, was
recently described from Eucalyptus leaves collected in Portugal
(Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017), and this is the first record
of this fungus from Australia. Xyladictyochaeta represents an
undescribed family in Xylariales, and Xyladictyochaetaceae is
introduced to accommodate it. Based on a megablast search
using the ITS sequence, the closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank
nucleotide database were Xy. lusitanica (GenBank KY853479;
Identities 571 / 573 (99 %), no gaps), Anungitea eucalyptigena
(GenBank KY173383; Identities 517 / 578 (89 %), 16 gaps (2 %))
and Beltraniopsis neolitseae (GenBank NR_148072; Identities
521 / 583 (89 %), 19 gaps (3 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 32324
and 32526 differs with three nucleotides (morphologically they
are similar, except for prominent differences in conidiophore
length). The highest similarities using the LSU sequence were
Xy. lusitanica (GenBank KY853543; Identities 801 / 801 (100
%), no gaps), Phlogicylindrium eucalypti (GenBank DQ923534;
Identities 822 / 844 (97 %), no gaps) and Phl. mokarei
(GenBank KY173521; Identities 796 / 818 (97 %), no gaps). The
LSU sequences of CPC 32324 and CPC 32526 are identical. No
Fig. 53. Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica (CPC 32324). A. Conidiophores on PDA. B–E. Conidiophores on SNA. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
212
© 2018 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
New and interesting fungi
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. dr P.W. Crous, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Inst
E-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Fig. 54. Zygosporium pseudogibbum (CPC 30421). A–E. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
significant matches were obtained using the tef1 sequences
and the tef1 sequences of CPC 32324 and CPC 32526 differ
with one nucleotide and a single CA-repeat. No significant
matches were obtained using the tub2 sequence and the tub2
sequences of CPC 32324 and CPC 32526 are 99 % identical
(806 / 813, 1 gap).
Zygosporium pseudogibbum Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank
MB824803. Fig. 54.
Etymology: Name refers to its morphological similarity to
Zygosporium gibbum.
Conidiophores solitary, erect, consisting of 1–2 pale brown basal
cells forming a stipe, 7–15 × 3–4 µm, giving rise to a curved,
dark brown terminal vesicle, 11–12 × 6–8 µm. Conidiogenous
cells arranged in a whorl of 3–4 on a terminal vesicle, hyaline,
smooth, reniform, 4–6 × 3–4 µm. Vesicle with single apical cell,
4–5 × 3–4 µm, pale brown, cylindrical, with obtuse apex and
prominent collarette. Conidia solitary, globose, verruculose,
faintly olivaceous, 6(–7) µm diam.
Culture characteristics: Colonies flat, spreading, surface folded,
with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margins, reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA
surface buff to dirty white, reverse luteous. On PDA surface buff
to dirty white, reverse saffron. On OA surface buff to dirty white.
Specimen examined: Malaysia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita
(Myrtaceae), Mar. 2016, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23411, culture
ex-type CPC 30421 = CBS 143503).
Notes: Morphologically, the present collection matches the
description of Z. gibbum, a European taxon (reference isolate,
FMR 13130 = CBS 137306; leaf litter Canary Islands; HernandezRestrepo et al. 2017), which has a wide host range and wide
geographical distribution (Ellis 1971). Phylogenetically, however,
it clusters sister to this species, and thus a new taxon is
introduced to accommodate it. The vesicle gives rise to a single
apical cell that appears to be a conidiogenous cell, but could
play a different role entirely (moisture droplet, insect dispersal).
Active spore dispersal was observed on host tissue, and it could
be that conidia on this cell can actively discharge.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
closest matches in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database were Z.
gibbum (GenBank KY853482; Identities 481 / 504 (95 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), Podosordaria muli (GenBank JX156377; Identities 462 /
499 (93 %), 14 gaps (2 %)) and Poronia australiensis (GenBank
KP012826; Identities 384 / 434 (88 %), 21 gaps (4 %)). The highest
similarities using the LSU sequence were Z. gibbum (GenBank
KY853546; Identities 739 / 757 (98 %), 6 gaps (0 %)), Atrotorquata
spartii (GenBank KP325443; Identities 818 / 846 (97 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)) and Circinotrichum cycadis (GenBank KJ869178; Identities
804 / 849 (95 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). Only distant hits were obtained
using the actA sequence; some of these were Penicillifer pulcher
(GenBank KM231107; Identities 390 / 418 (93 %), no gaps),
Neonectria neomacrospora (GenBank KM231143; Identities
389 / 418 (93 %), no gaps) and Cylindrodendrum album (GenBank
KM231152; Identities 387 / 418 (93 %), no gaps). No significant
hits were obtained when the tub2 sequence was used.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially funded by the Szechenyi 2020 programme, the
European Regional Development Fund and the Hungarian Government
(GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00061). We are grateful to Arien van Iperen
(cultures), Mieke Starink-Willemse (DNA isolation, amplification, and
sequencing), and Marjan Vermaas (photographic plates) for their
technical assistance.
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215
Supplementary Table 1. Collection details and GenBank accession numbers of isolates belonging to species treated in this study.
1
Species name
Culture accession number(s)
Country
Substrate (including host)
2
Collector and Collection date
ITS
LSU
actA
MH107881.1 MH107929.1 ‒
chs-1
‒
GenBank accession number
cmdA
gapdh
rpb1
MH107991.1 ‒
‒
rpb2
SSU
MH108000.1 ‒
tef1
tub2
MH108012.1 MH108035.1
‒
‒
MH108001.1
‒
‒
‒
MH108013.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
KY929198.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
KY929199.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH107998.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH108037.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
P.W. Crous, 24 Jan. 2007
‒
MH107884.1 MH107932.1 MH107975.1 MH107990.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH107885.1
‒
‒
‒
MH107886.1 MH107933.1
GQ303287.1 GQ303318.2 ‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Leaf litter
P.W. Crous, Aug. 2013
KY173435.1
KY173525.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Australia
Syzygium sp., leaves
P.W. Crous & K.L. Crous, 14 Jul. 2009
JQ044421.1
JQ044441.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Hungary
Vitis vinifera , stems
V.K. Zoltán, 5 Nov. 2014
‒
‒
‒
‒
CBS 143435 = CPC 29987
South Africa
Mimusops caffra , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Dec. 2010
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH108002.1
‒
‒
CBS 143386ET = CPC 31949
Chile
Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Jun. 2010
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
CBS 144202 = CPC 28754
Malaysia
Acacia crassicarpa , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, 1 Jul. 2015
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH108015.1
‒
‒
ET
CBS 141878 = CPC 19478 = RWB 154 Brazil
Mimosa diplotricha
R.W. Barreto, Mar. 1999
MH107887.1 MH107934.1 MH107976.1
‒
MH107888.1 MH107935.1
‒
MH107889.1 MH107936.1
‒
MH107890.1 MH107937.1
KX887255.1 KX887018.1 ‒
KX887136.1
‒
CBS 141943 = CPC 18518 = RWB 224
Ecuador
Mimosa diplotricha
R.W. Barreto, Nov. 2000
KX887254.1
CBS 143412T = CPC 32736
Australia
Eucalyptus obliqua , leaf litter
P.W. Crous, 1 Dec. 2016
CBS 143437T = CPC 30371
Germany
Lycopodiella inundata , stems
R.K. Schumacher, 25 Feb. 2016
CBS 143493 = CPC 31844
Ukraine
Carpinus betulus , decaying wood
A. Akulov, 5 Oct. 2016
CBS 111018 = CPC 5380
Costa Rica
Musa cv. Cavendish
P.W. Crous, May 2002
CBS 143499 = CPC 32809
Malaysia
Musa sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 2010
CBS 143500 = CPC 32689
NT
Malaysia
Musa sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 2016
CPC 11234
Mauritius
Musa sp., leaves
Y. Jaufeerally-Fakim, Jan. 2004
CPC 11240
Mauritius
Musa sp., leaves
Y. Jaufeerally-Fakim, Jan. 2004
CPC 16258
Mexico
Musa sp., leaves
M. de J. Yanez Morales, 16 Dec. 2008
CPC 32681
Malaysia
Musa sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 2010
CBS 143391T = CPC 30561
Germany
Juniperus communis , twig
R.K. Schumacher, 20 Apr. 2016
Myrmecridium sorbicola
CBS 143433T = CPC 30455
Germany
Sorbus aucuparia , branch
R.K. Schumacher, 17 Feb. 2016
Nematogonum pseudoferrugineum
CBS 144203 = CPC 31872
Ukraine
Carpinus betulus , trunk of fallen plant
A. Akulov, 7 Oct. 2016
CBS 143400 = CPC 32488
UK
Quercus ilex, leaves
P.W. Crous, 30 Dec. 2016
CBS 112403ET
CBS 519.93T = CPC 565
Italy
Fagus sylvatica , bark of twigs
R. Danti, 8 May 1996
South Africa
Syzygium chordatum, leaf litter
M.J. Wingfield, Nov. 1992
CBS 143432T = CPC 30532
Germany
Philadelphus coronarius , twigs
R.K. Schumacher, 2 Apr. 2016
CBS 143436 = CPC 30399
Spain
Cupressus sempervirens , needles
R. Blasco, 7 Jan. 2016
CBS 143492T = CPC 32041
Australia
Hakea sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 26 Nov. 2016
CBS 143387T = CPC 31946
Chile
Eucalyptus urophylla , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Jun. 2010
CBS 143388 = CPC 31878
Chile
Eucalyptus grandis × uromycoides , leaves M.J. Wingfield, Jun. 2010
T
Australia
Eucalyptus , leaf litter
T
T
CBS 143504 = CPC 31882
South Africa
Acacia propinqua , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Jul. 2012
CPC 31940
South Africa
Acacia propinqua , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Jul. 2012
‒
‒
‒
Brazil
Niphidium crassifolium, fronds
R.W. Barreto, 5 Nov. 2011
‒
MH107882.1 MH107930.1
KX891229.1 KX891228.1 ‒
‒
COAD 1983ET = CPC 24674
‒
‒
‒
CBS 144200 = CPC 25960
Finland
Caragana sp., twig
M. Pennanen, 31 Dec. 2014
KY929129.1
KY929164.1
‒
‒
‒
CPC 25962
Finland
Caragana sp., twig
M. Pennanen, 31 Dec. 2014
KY929130.1
KY929165.1
‒
‒
‒
CBS 143389 = CPC 31840
Ukraine
Carpinus betulus , decaying wood
A. Akulov, 5 Oct. 2016
‒
‒
‒
CBS 143496 = CPC 30166
UK
Kniphofia uvaria , leaves
P.W. Crous, 28 Mar. 2016
CPC 30168
UK
Kniphofia uvaria , leaves
P.W. Crous, 28 Mar. 2016
CBS 144201 = CPC 27604
Germany
Ailanthus altissima , twig
R.K. Schumacher, 4 Jun. 2015
CBS 124770T = CPC 14936
Portugal
Eucalyptus sp.
Cylindrium purgamentum
CBS 142114T = CPC 29580
USA
Cylindrium syzygii
CBS 131307T = CPC 17233
CBS 143162 = CPC 30117 = T15/464
Alfaria acaciae
Caliciopsis maxima
Camarosporidiella mackenziei
Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa
T
Colletotrichum kniphofiae
Cyclothyriella rubronotata
Cylindrium algarvense
Cytospora viticola
T
Dictyochaeta mimusopis
Dictyochaeta septata
Echinocatena arthrinioides
Elsinoë mimosae
Exophiala eucalypticola
Fusiconidium lycopodiellae
Haplographium delicatum
Microdochium musae
Monochaetia junipericola
T
Neocucurbitaria cava
Neohendersonia kickxii
Parapleurotheciopsis caespitosa
Parathyridaria philadelphi
Pestalotiopsis hollandica
Phyllosticta hakeicola
Polyscytalum chilense
Polyscytalum eucalyptigenum
MH107883.1 MH107931.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
KX886900.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
JN992635.1 KX887135.1
JN940564.1 KX886899.1
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MH108016.1 MH108039.1
‒
‒
‒
MH107893.1 MH107940.1
AY293061.1 ‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
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MH108003.1
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MH107997.1
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MH108020.1 MH108044.1
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MH108004.1
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MH108021.1 MH108045.1
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MH107891.1 MH107938.1
MH107892.1 MH107939.1
MH107894.1 MH107941.1 MH107977.1
MH107895.1 MH107942.1 MH107978.1
MH107896.1 MH107943.1 MH107979.1
MH107897.1 MH107944.1 MH107980.1
MH107898.1 MH107945.1 MH107981.1
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MH107999.1
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P.W. Crous & R.G. Shivas, 11 Jul. 2009
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MH107907.1 MH107953.1 MH107984.1
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MH107908.1 MH107954.1
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MH107909.1 MH107955.1
KJ869118.1 KJ869176.1 ‒
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KJ869234.1
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KX228252.1
MH107904.1 MH107950.1
MH107905.1 MH107951.1
MH107906.1 MH107952.1
Polyscytalum neofecundissimum
Polyscytalum nullicanum
CBS 143406 = CPC 32528
Australia
Eucalyptus , leaf litter
P.W. Crous, 29 Nov. 2016
Pseudoanungitea syzygii
CBS 520.93T = CPC 578
South Africa
Syzygium cordatum, leaf litter
W.J. Swart, Mar. 1993
CBS 143164T = CPC 30522
Germany
Vaccinium myrtillus , stem
R.K. Schumacher, 16 Jan. 2016
CBS 132716T = FMR 11934
Spain
Dead wood
MH107912.1 MH107958.1
M. Hernández-Restrepo, J. Mena & J. Guarro, May 2011 KY853424.1 KY853484.1 ‒
CBS 144204 = CPC 25926
South Africa
Erica sp., twigs
M.J. Wingfield, Nov. 2014
KY929156.1
KY929185.1
CBS 144205 = CPC 25002
Switzerland
Platanus sp., branch
O. Holdenrieder, 24 Jun. 2014
KY929157.1
KY929186.1
CBS 143489T = CPC 30153
South Africa
Breonadia microcephala , leaves
J. Roux, Jan. 2010
CBS 143495 = CPC 30459
Germany
Sorbus aucuparia , branch
R.K. Schumacher, 17 Feb. 2016
Roussoella euonymi
CBS 143426T = CPC 31963
Ukraine
Euonymus europaeus , fallen branches
A. Akulov, 14 Oct. 2016
Setophaeosphaeria citricola
CBS 143179T = CPC 32083
Australia
Citrus australasica , leaves
P.W. Crous, 25 Nov. 2016
CBS 135108T = CPC 19602 = RWB 866
Brazil
Sida sp.
R.W. Barreto, 24 Feb. 2008
CBS 143444T = CPC 32087
Australia
Cyperaceae , leaves
P.W. Crous, 26 Nov. 2016
CBS 143579 = CPC 32406
Australia
Phragmites sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 27 Nov. 2016
Subplenodomus iridicola
CBS 143395T = CPC 30162
UK
Iris sp.
P.W. Crous, 28 Mar. 2016
Teichospora quercus
CBS 143396T = CPC 30009
France
Quercus sp., branch
G. Moyne, 15 Nov. 2015
Trochila viburnicola
CBS 144206T = CPC 30254
UK
Viburnum sp., twig cankers
P.W. Crous, 28 Mar. 2016
CBS 143509 = JW75003
The Netherlands Garden soil
H. van Warenburg, Feb. 2017
CBS 143424 = CPC 32057
Australia
Melaleuca sp., leaves
P.W. Crous, 26 Nov. 2016
CBS 143440 = CPC 32544
Australia
Eucalyptus regnans , leaves
P.W. Crous, 30 Nov. 2016
CBS 143392T = CPC 30534
Germany
Philadelphus coronarius , twigs
R.K. Schumacher, 2 Apr. 2016
CBS 143502 = CPC 32324
Australia
Eucalyptus sp., leaf litter
P.W. Crous, 29 Nov. 2016
CPC 32526
Australia
Eucalyptus sp., leaf litter
P.W. Crous, 29 Nov. 2016
CBS 143503T = CPC 30421
Malaysia
Eucalyptus pellita , leaves
M.J. Wingfield, Mar. 2016
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali
Wettsteinina philadelphi
Xyladictyochaeta lusitanica
Zygosporium pseudogibbum
1
2
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A. Akulov, 7 Oct. 2016
Varicosporellopsis aquatilis
MH108022.1
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Quercus robur , leaf litter
Sphaerellopsis paraphysata
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MH108019.1 MH108043.1
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Ukraine
Sirastachys cyperacearum
MH107996.1
MH108018.1 MH108042.1
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CBS 143390T = CPC 31826
Setophaeosphaeria sidae
MH107995.1
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P.W. Crous & J. Edwards, 7 Nov. 2014
Rhinocladiella quercus
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MH107994.1
MH108040.1
MH108017.1 MH108041.1
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Grevillea sp., leaves
Pseudocercospora breonadiae
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MH107993.1
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Australia
Pseudocamarosporium brabeji
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MH107992.1
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CBS 141282 = CPC 25576
Pseudocamarosporium africanum
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MH108005.1
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Polyscytalum grevilleae
Pseudoanungitea variabilis
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MH107899.1 MH107946.1 MH107982.1
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MH107900.1 MH107947.1
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MH107901.1 MH107948.1
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MH107902.1
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MH107903.1 MH107949.1 MH107983.1
KX820255.1 KX820266.1 ‒
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CBS 137967 = CPC 17207
Pseudoanungitea vaccinii
MH108014.1 MH108038.1
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KX887017.1
Polyscytalum eucalyptorum
T
MH108036.1
KX228304.1
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MH108046.1
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MH108023.1
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MH108024.1 MH108047.1
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MH108025.1
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MH107913.1 MH107959.1 MH107985.1
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MH107914.1 MH107960.1
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MH107915.1 MH107961.1 MH107986.1
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MH107916.1 MH107962.1
KF251149.1 KF251653.1 ‒
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MH108006.1
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MH107910.1 MH107956.1
MG386058.1 MG386111.1 ‒
MH107911.1 MH107957.1
MH107917.1 MH107963.1
MH107918.1 MH107964.1
MH107919.1 MH107965.1
MH107920.1 MH107966.1
MH107921.1 MH107967.1
MH108026.1
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MH108027.1 MH108048.1
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MH108049.1
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MH108008.1
KF252158.1 ‒
MH108028.1 MH108050.1
KF253109.1 KF252648.1
MH108007.1
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MH108009.1
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MH108011.1
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MH108031.1
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MH108052.1
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MH107922.1 MH107968.1 MH107987.1
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MH107923.1 MH107969.1
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MH107924.1 MH107970.1 MH107988.1
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MH107925.1 MH107971.1
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MH107926.1 MH107972.1
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MH107927.1 MH107973.1
MH107928.1 MH107974.1 MH107989.1 ‒
MH108010.1
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MH108029.1 MH108051.1
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MH108030.1
MH108032.1
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MH108033.1 MH108053.1
MH108034.1 MH108054.1
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MH108055.1
CBS: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; COAD: Coleção Octávio de Almeida Drumond (COAD), housed at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; CPC: Culture collection of Pedro Crous, housed at CBS; RWB: Personal collection of Robert Barreto, Departmento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
ITS: internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S nrDNA; LSU: large subunit (28S) of the nrRNA gene operon; actA : partial actin gene; chs-1 : partial chitin synthase-1 gene; cmdA : partial calmodulin gene; gapdh : partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene; rpb1 : partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene; rpb2 :