Studies 1n the genus Mycena in Finland V. Hintikka 2. Material and methods. The material which forms the basis of this study consists mainly of my collections, of which about 600 are obtained from the vicinity of Korso (24 km north of Helsinki) during the years 19.54-62 and about 200 from other parts of Finland. This material has been studied both in fresh and dried condition. In general, I have followed the field and laboratory methods described by S m i t h (194 7). The colour terms are according to ~1 a e r t z & P a u 1 ( 1950). In addition, I have studied the specimens preserved in the herbariums of the University of Helsinki and a part of those of University of Turku, including P. A. K a r s t e n ' s collections, for which I am indebted to Custos, Dr. He i k k i R o ivai n en and to the Assistant Prof., Dr. P a avo K a 11 i o . Unfortunately, a considerable part of these collections could not be identified chiefly in lack of macroscopical descriptions, and are not mentioned here. 3. Some ecological considerations. In summer and early fall, before the regular mushroom 1. Introduction. The genus Mycena has in recent times been the subject of comprehensive monographs by R o b e r t K i.i h n e r ( 1938) in Central Europe and by A 1 e x a nder H. Smith (1947)inNorthAmerica. Largely due to these works, this genus must be regarded as one of the best-known genera of agarics. In Finland, after the basic investigations of P. A . Karsten, the need for up-to-date revisions has become more and more apparent. Karsten reported about 60 species of M.J'cena from Finland. After him, many new species have been found (The s 1 e ff 1920, Laurila 1939, Eklund 1943, Frey 1944, S t e n I i d 194 7, T u o m i k o s k i 1953, M a I m s t r 6 m 1960, S c h u 1m ann 1961), totalling about 100 different names (see also R aut a v a a r a 1947). However, a few of these are synonyms and some used by older authors are based on macroscopical description only and probably have new names derived from the anatomy of the basidiocarp. MYCENA LUTEO-ALCALINA GALERICULATA GAL OPUS LAEVIGAT A SANGUINO LE NT A RORIDA FIBULA AMICT A LONGISETA SWARTZ II PURA FLAVOALBA MEGASPORA CITRINOM A RGIN ATA CL AV ICULARIS METATA EPIPTERYGIA STYLOBATES MACULATA URANIA AURANTIOMARGIN ATA VULGARIS ADONIS HAEMATOPUS 'I ISCOSA CI NERELLA ROSELLA PTERIGENA - - -- J u L y JUNE STROBILICOLA ~ - 1 I Ill ~-· d~, I~ '\·~ ~ ~.r ~I I I ~I - - - ' - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - ~ I I I 'I I ~ .;..... • .. J, .... I:,·\ I k ~1 - I II I I II ~~ I I, I { I OCTOBER I~· I I I 1111 - SEPTEMBER AUGUST II I I I ! 1 1111 I II, I _ __L _ ~ I ~. 1...... _! ~ " I I I I ~ ~ I l11 1:~ r• Fig. I . Seasonal occurrence of some Mycena-species in the neighbourhood ofKorso during the years 1954-60. 77 season in late August and in September, the Explanation of abbreviations : H: Botanical Mugenus lv[ycena forms a very prominent part of seum of the University, Helsinki, 0. v. S. : 0 . v. n, P .A.K. : P e t t e r A u gus t the mushroom crop in regard to the number SK cahr us tI emn,a n R. T. : R i s t o T u o m i k o s k i, of basidiocarps present. 1\fiost species appear T u r: Botanical Museum of the University of before or during August (Fig. 1). It should Turku , V . H .: the author, VV. N.: W o I mar be noted that only a few species occur in Nyberg. spring. According to Smith (l.c.) many A1ycena Abramsii Murrill Finnish fall species occur in North America Smith 1947, p 239. also in the spring and a·r e usually absent in V. Bromarv, Framniis (V.H.) Pyhiijiirvi U.l., summer (e.g. Mycena longiseta ). This phenoVuotinainen (V.H.). - U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii logical difference seems to be due to the and Hyrylii; Helsinki parish, Korso; Sipoo, Myyras higher summer temperature climate of Ame(V.H.).- EH. Tammela (P.A.K., H .). - PS.Joroirica, since in the Alps, where the moisture n en , Keriniemi (V.H.). conditions are more favourable than in AmeOccur· gregarious to subcaespitose usually on rica and in Fennoscandia, the species apparotten twigs buried in soil in moist woods (often rently follow the same pattern of appearance under alder) in June- September. In North America as in Finland. In general most species have very definite habitat requirements, which are given in the species list below; the biotope classification is based on Finnish forest site types. In many cases they can be used as additional field characteristics, e.g. of the gray slimy species M. clauicularis occurs in dry pine forests in contrast to M . vulgaris, which grows usually in moist mossy spruce forests. Of the small species in group Filipedes, M . atroalboides is met with in most oligotrophic localities (dry lichen woods, Calluna and Vaccinium-type), M. metata is common in coniferous moss forests and M. iodiolens seems to be confined to rich grass-herb forests on mull soil. The most specialized lignicolous species seem to be lvf. galericulata and M. niueipes, which grow almost exclusively on rotten wood of deciduous trees, M. inclinata, which grows only on logs and stumps of Quercus, and M. laevigata, M . luteoalcalina and M . maculata, which are confined to rotten coniferous wood. Although the material outside the area around Helsinki is based on trips of relatively short duration (1-2 weeks) during which not all species in a locality can be expected to be found, it seems that there are no major differences in the Mycena-flora between the different parts of Finland. The only species collected exclusively in North Finland is M . algeriensis and, on the whole, the dominant species there seem to be the same ones as in southern Finland. The oak forests on the southern coast of Finland have, however, some characteristic species not recorded elsewhere in our country, e.g. M. inclinata and M. erubescens. 78 this species grows in hardwoods particularly in spring (Smith I.e:) . •li;f. Abramsii, which has not earlier been reported from Finland is recognizable by its narrow spores, somewhat sulcate cap and by its relatively large size. Pleurocystidia were present in all collections. Mycena acicula (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Kummer. Kuhner 1938, p . 602, Smith 1947, p. 119. U . Helsinki, Pasila, on rotten leaves in a herbrich forest , 24.VII 1952, (R .T ., H ). Mycena adonis (Bull. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray Kuhner 1938,p.555, Smith 1947,p.l77. U . Helsinki parish, Korso; Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii (V.H. ) ; Porvoo (W.N.).- EH. Tammela, Mustiala (Karsten 1889, p. 83) . - 6 collections. Specimens studied fresh were found in mixed forests of Myrtillus-type, in most cases on places rich in litter. Mycena alba (Bres.) Kuhner Kuhner 1938, p. 594. U . Helsinki, on bark of a living deciduous tree, Dec. 19, 1960, leg. M. Korhonen. ,li;fycena alcalina (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer Kuhner 1938, p. 464, Lange 1936, Pl. 51 H. U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii (V.H.); Hyvinkiiii (R.T.,H). EH. Tammela (P .A. K. , H); Juupajoki (V.H.) Grows more or less fasciculate on stumps of conifers. M. alcalina has been regarded as a common species in Finland (Karsten 1889, Th e s 1 e ff 1920, R aut a v a a r a 1947). However, a part of the statements refer to M . luteoalcalina, which is distinctly more frequent than ~. alcalina. Bisporous form is met with several times in June and July. ,"', n ~7 I\ I ·'\ ) (I·' I ") J !'' r ))Yi c\ II I \ \ 1 \ I I '.j ': .I \ \ : \ I i At ~ !I \ // \ J ft,.l f') I • I I I J i ( '\ \ I \ \ Ll I I; \; / I I , Fig. 2 . Mycena alcalina (bisporous form). Cheilocystidia from the distal part (I) and from the proximal part (2) of the lamellum. T h e s I e f f' s specimen from Viipuri in HMF collected from rotten oak wood belongs to the M. galericulata-group. The form of the cheilocystidia varies greatly even in the same pileus. On the distal part of the gill edge they are often short, roundish, and a few with several obtuse projections, on the proximal part of the edge they are fusoid-ventricose, long-necked, and usually unbranched (Fig. 2) . The same type of variation I have found in M. luteoalcalina. This phenomenon was especially common during the dry summer of 1959, which would suggest that it has some connection with the different humidity conditions under which the cystidia develop but is not related to the development of the carpophore. Mycena algeriensis R. Maire R. M a i r e in K u h n e r 1938, p. 490. Pileus subcylindric to narrowly conic when young, then expanding to broadly and sharply conic, slightly sulcate and shining, striate when moist. Disc at centre blackish, then fading to blackishbrown to dark brown gray, extreme margin slightly paler; no yellowish shade. Odor faintly »alcalic». Lamellae whitish, moderate close, 20-26 reach the stipe, 2-3 tiers of lamellulae, medium broad, under hand- lens hairy from pleurocystidia. Stipe fragile, blackish gray with a brownish cast, when young covered with abundant white fibrils. Spores 10-11 X 5-7 flo, ·basidia 4-spored, cheilocystidia 60-75 flo long, cylindric, blunt-ended and voluminous, pleurocystidia similar, abundant, 7090 flo long. The hyphae of the epicutis smooth, form ing 20-35 p. thick layer, hypodermis well developed, cells filled with gray pigment, the remainder consisting of closely interwoven hyphae. KemL. Sodankyla village (V.H.). InL. Inari, Ivalo, Toloskoski (V.H.). · Both collections were made on rotten wood (log and stump) of birch. In light of the present material this species seems to be distinctly different from M. niveipes by having a hairy stipe, dark colors and obtuse pleurocystidia. As far as I know, M . algerienris has not been previously reported from Europe. It was described from Algeria by R e n e M a i r e, where it grows on rotten wood of Quercus, Eucalyptus and Phillyrea. In North America it occours (Smit h I.e.) in Ontario and in the northern United States on elm and alder logs. Mycena amicta (Fr.) Que!. Syn. M . Iris Berk. Kuhner 1938, p. 196, Smith 1947, p . 61, L a n g e 1936, Pl. 50 C. V. Bromarv, Framnas (V.H.). - U. Tuusula; Helsinki parish (V.H.).- EH. Lammi, Evo (R.T., H); Nokia (P.A.K., H , as Mycena sp.); Tammela, Mustiala (Karsten 1889). PS. Joroinen, Keriniemi (V.H.).- PK. Pielisjarvi, Koli (R.T., H) . - PP. Rovaniemi (V.H.). Common in mossy spruce forests among needles and moss, sometimes also on rotten stumps and cones. Karsten (1889, p. 86) mentions M. amicta (as fJ leucopsis) as a rare species from Mustiala. There are no later published records. It is easily recognizable by its hairy stipe, gelatinous pellicle of the pileus, and dark blackish b lue base of the stipe. Most collections were light gray-brown without any more bluish colours. M_vcena atroalboides (Peck) Sacc. Syn. M . sepia Lange? (M. Lange 1948, p. 379), M. vitrea Kuhner (Smith 1947, p. 281.) Pileus 0.5-2 em broad, at first obtusely conic- 79 campanulate, becoming broadly come and .often with indistinct broad umbo in age, when young hoary, hygrophanous, when moist striate near to the centre, colour blackish on the disc, towa rds margin pale gray, usually without yellowish, brownish, or reddish colours. Context grayish, thin, smell when crushed remin iscent of that of cucumber or tomato blades, not of iodoform. Gills pale gray, ascending, narrow, relatively close, adnexed . Stipe 4- 6 em X 0.5- 1.0 mm, colour dark gray excep t a bout 5 mm broad zone at the apex, which is whitish or pale gray. Spores 8- I 0 X 3.5- 4.5 p., basidia four- spored, chei locystidia numerous, clavate, covered with short rodlike projections, I 2- I 5 (- 21) p. broad, pleu rocystidia similar, rare. Epicutis formed of narrow hyph ae, the uppermost ones with rodlike projections, hypodermis distinct, cells elliptical, diam . 18- 25 p., distinctly gray- brown, the remainder formed of 8-14 p. broad hyphae. Lam .-trama gray-brown . Clamp connections abundant. U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii; Hyvinkaa (Y.H. ). - EK. Luumaki, Taavetti (V.H.). I have met this species in dry pine forests on gravel soil ( Vaccinium or Calluna type), often in young pine plant a tions rich in litter. In m y experience it is possible in the field to distinguish it from M . metata by its grayish colours a nd by its smell. According to S mit h (I.e.) the giils are sometimes stained with reddish brown, which I have not been able to observe in my mushroom . The breadth of the cystidia are between the values given by Kuhner ( ll - 25p.)and Smith (6-12p.). It seems, however, that this difference is not taxonomically significant. - Lunde I I (Lunde 11 & Nann fe I d t 1942, p. 10) has collected M. sepia in Femsjo (Sweden) on similar habitat (»amongst needles, twigs, small Polytricha etc. on sandy soil at road-side») and according to him Fries's M. filopes is probably identical with this fungus . l'vfycena atrocyanea (Batsch ex Fr.) Gillet. One collection from a grassy grazed open birchforest in Helsinki parish, Vantaa, 30.YIII 1952 (V.H.). Following notes were made on this material: Pileus 0.8- 1.7 em broad, conic-campanulate, neither striate nor glossy, deep pure black without any brownish colours. Lamellae moderately broad, a dnexed, pallid, edge white. Stipe deep black, 3- 4 em )<: I mm. Spores 8.5- 11 x 4- 6 fl., ellipsoid, basidia 4-spored, cheilocystidia fusoid-ventricose, neck straight, apice acute, 25- 40 X 11- 14 p., partly spherical and vesicular, diam . 15- 18 p., pleurocystidia absent. Epicutis thin (about 10 p.) , the uppermost 80 hyphae with rod-like projections, hypodermis distinct, cells vesicular, diam. 20- 35 p., filled with dark pigment, the remainder consisting of colourless filamentous hyphae, lam.-trama slightly grayish . Oleiferous hyphae could not be detected either in pileus or in stipe. Mycena aumntiomarginata (Fr.) Que!. Syn. M. elegans (Fr. ex Pers.) Schroeter K ii h n e r 1938, p . 268, Smith 1947, p . 198. U. Helsinki, Vestersundom (R.T., H); Grankulla and Porvoo parish (W.N. , H); Tuusula and Helsinki parish (Y.H.), H yvinkaa, Jatinlinna (V.H.). - EH. Tammela, M ustiala (P.A.K., H) . fv1ost collections are from spruce forests, usu ally of good quality (OMT). According to K a r s t e n (1889) this species is common in South and Central Finland. Favre (1948) records it from spruce forests in borders by bogs in the Jura mountains. Some collections by K a r s t e n a nd T h e s1 e ff in H labelled M. elegans have cystidia of Ciliatae-type , and belong very probably to M. citrinomarginata. Mycena capillaripes Peck K ii h n e r 1938, p. 403, Smith 1947, p. 222 . U. Tuusula; Helsinki parish and Kerava (V.H.). PS. Joroinen, Keriniemi (\-.H.). KemL. Sod an kylavillage (V .H .) . - In a total I I collections. Occurs from July to September in grass-herb forests amongst needles and herbaceous litter. Not earlier reported from Finland . M. capillaripes has in contrast to similar M . rubromarginata distinct »nitrous» smell, dark scattered pleurocystidia (seen under hand-lens as black points), and usually the colour of the pileus is paler. .Vfycena cineroides sp. n . Fig. 3 and 4 . Mycenae cinerellae similis, pileus 5-8 mm latus, 4 - 8 mm altus, conicus, cinereus, lamellae latae distantes, basidia duabus sporis 11- 14 X 6- 7 p. praedita. Specimen typicum in Mus . Bot. Univ. Helsinki conservatum, legit V. Hintikka, prope Korso, Finland, 2.~ 10. 56, n:o 429 . Pileus 5- 8 mm broad, 4- 8 mm high , narrowly and obtusely conic, often higher than its breadth, sometimes provided with an abrupt small umbo, the margin appressed against the stipe when young, surface smooth, hygrophanous, as moist .striate nearly to the disc, ashy gray over the centre (Maertz & Paul Pl. 14 C 4) , the margin somewhat paler (II C 3), when dry pale gray (10 C 2), without any brownish or yellowish shades . Context thin, grayish, odour and taste strongly farinaceous. Lamellae distant to subdistant, 10-16 reach the stipe, very broad and distinctly decurrent, a ~\ ,N [ ~lhJ II I ~ If !I /~ ,,/I ,/ /' li TT11 2 2-spored. Cheilocystidia abundant, clavate to subcapitate 8- 12 X 18-25 ,_., apices covered with numerous rod-like projections, the cells of the lam.trama vesicular, about 35 X 65 fl· Epicutis thin, 10-15 fl, the uppermost hyphae with short diverticulae, hypodermis well differentiated, cells 70-130 X 15-30 ,_., content pale gray, the remainder of parallel filamentous hyphae (diam. 4- 7 ~-t); oleiferous hyphae present. U. Helsinki parish, Korso; Tuusula, Ruotsinkylil, Porvoo, Vesso ; Hyvinkilil (V .H .) . Occurs in mossy coniferous forests (VT, MT), often together with M . cinerella . In most cases they can be distinguished from each other already in the field by the shape of the pileus and the lamellae (fig4). Mycena cinerella Karsten K ti h n e r 1938, p. 368, Smith 1947, p. 366. U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylil ; Helsinki parish, Korso; Sipoo (V.H.). - EH. Tammela, Mustiala (K a rs ten 1889). Occurs in mossy coniferous and mixed forests, in particular in moist spruce stands. Appears usually late in the autumn after the first frosts, but is at that time very abundant in the neighbourhood of Helsinki. }vfycena citrinomarginata Gillet Fig. 3. Mycena cineroides: I, pileus; M. cinerella: 2, pileus; 4, spores. 3 spores. Kuhner 1938, p. 409. Smith 1947, p . 215. Fairly common in rich coniferous and deciduous forests in summer and fall from Ahvenanmaa (S c h u I mann 1961) to Inari Lapland (Ivalo, Toloskoski, V .H .) . Not mentioned by Karsten, but his l'vf. elegans probably includes this species. Mycena clavicularis (Fr.) Gillet pale gray to whitish. Stipe 30- 50 X 0.5-1.0 mm, equal or the base slightly enlarged, pale gray, when dry shining, fragile. Spores 10- 14 X 6- 7 fl, ellipsoid, amyloid, basidia K ti h n e r 1938, p . 361, Smith 1947, p . 429 . U . Helsinki, Pasila (R.T., H); Tuusula; Sipoo; Helsinki parish (V.H.) . - EH. Vehkalahti, Summa (V.H .) ; Luumilki, Taavetti (V.H .). - Fig. 4. Left: Mycena cineralla, right : M. cinoreides. 6 81 EH. Urjala (MaIms t r 6 m 1960, p. 74, as M . vulgaris, H). Tammela (P.A.K., as Af. vulgaris, H).PS. Joroinen (V.H.).- PP. Rovaniemi: Ylinampa, Vikajarvi, Sinetta, Olkkajarvi (V.H.). - KemL. Sodankyla (V.H.). - InL. Inari, 9 km south of the village (V.H.). On the basis of these collections, M. clavicularis seems to be one of the most common Mycena-species in Finland . It grows in dry pine forests among pine needles, moss and Cladonia often in great quantities from July to October but is usually most abundant in August. Some collections are from pine bogs (Pasila), and occasionally it is met with also in moister spruce forests. In August 1958 it was between Rovaniemi and Sodankyla in mossy forests the most abundant agaric. M. clavicularis is often confused with M. vulgaris and M. pinetorum, and probably for this reason it has not been earlier reported from Finland. Mycena corticola (Pers. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray Kuhner 1938, p . 245. U. Helsinki, Herttoniemi (M i k k o R a at ik a in en, V .H .) ; Espoo, Tapiola (M. K or h one n). - St. Tyrvaa (P.A.K., H).- EH. Tammela (P.A.K., H) . Grows on the bark of living deciduous trees ( Tilia, Acer etc.) in late autumn or early winter. Mycena delectabilis (Peck) Sacc. Kuhner 1938, p. 663, Smith 1947, p. 156. A. Eckerii (Schulmann 1961, p . 29).V . Tammisaari (ibid. p . 29).- U . Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla (V.H.). Met with in Ruotsinkyla in a drained swampy spruce forest and found there during several years. Mycena epipterygia (Scop. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray Very common at least in South and Central Finland north of Vaasa (Kars ten 1889), Lapin1ahti (S c h u I mann 1961) and Joroinen (V.H.). Occurs in moist woods of variable bonity with preference to places rich in felling waste and litter or rich in grass. Mycena epipterygia var. lignicola Smith Smith 1947, p. 428. U . Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla; Hyvinkaa, J atinlinna (V.H.). - EK. \'ehkalahti, Summa (V.H.) - PS. Joroinen Keriniemi (V .H.) - InL. I valo, Teloskoski (V.H.) - In total 12 collections. Occurs in spruce or mixed forests (often Myrtillustype) in moss or emerging from rotten branches under moss carpet. This bisporous variety does not seem to be uncommon in Finland. It has not been earlier reported from Fennoscandia. In Ruotsinkyla this species was found in 1956 growing in a moist spruce forest abundantly together with typical lvf. epipterygia and they were readily separable in field . In particular it is well characterized by is relatively small, umbonate, olivaceous brown pileus (Maerz & Paul 14 G 6 and paler), yellow base of the stipe and large spores ( 11 - 14 x 6-8 p.). The colour of the Finnish specimens agrees tolerably well with that described by Smith (1946) »citrine» to »dark citrine»; Ridgway's »citrine» is same as 14 L 6 in 1\I a e r t z & P au I. Mycma epipterygia v. badiceps M. Lge and . M epipterygia v. brunneola Favre are very near this fungus, but studies based on fresh material are needed before their identity with this fungus can be established . Mycena erubescens Hohnel Mycena delicatella Smith Syn. 1Vf. lactea (Fr. ex Pers.) sensu Lange Kuhner 1938,p.645, Smith 1947,p. 161, Lange 1936, plate 53 F. V. Merimasku (P.A.K.). U. Nurmijarvi, Kiljava; Hyvinkaa, J atinlinna ; Helsinki parish, Korso (V.H.). - Sat. T y rvaa (P.A.K.). - EH. Tammela (P.A.K.) . - EP. Pietarsaari (P.A.K. ) . Occurs on needles under felling waste; two collections have been made in rich swampy forest. The s I e ff (1920) records M . lactea from »barrskog pa iippna stall en, drifhus»; his collection in H from the latter biotope belongs, however, to the genus Coprinus. In M a I m s t r ii m' s specimens (1960, p. 70) there are pleurocystidia present, probably belonging to M. pseudolactea, a species which I have not found in Finland. 82 Kuhner 1938, p. 230, Smith 1947, p. 135 . V . Turku, Ru· salo, a group of basidiocarps on a rotten stump of Q}lercus. (V.H.). Specimens collected had abundant laticifers, granulous pleurocystidia and spores 10-11 X 6-7 p. from bisporous basidia. 1\L erubescens has not been earlier reported from Finland. In Denmark it occurs according to La n g e (1936) on stumps of oak and beech. Mycena fibula (Bull. ex Fr.) Kuhner. Kuhn er 1938,p.603, Smith 1947,p. l21. Common north to Lapland (Karsten 1889) . The northern-most collections are from Kola (P.A.K., H) and Sodankyla, Vaalajarvi (V.H.). This species grows most often in moss in rich spruce swamps, occasionally in Sphagnum on shores of lakes or between Polytrichum etc. on sandy soil. Mycena jlavo-alba (Fr.) Que!. Kuhner 1938, p . 54!l, Smith 1947, p.166. According to Karsten (1889), S c h u 1m ann (1961) and my own observations fairly common in South and Central Finland. I have found it in North Finland from the following localities: PP. Rovaniemi, KemL. Sodankyla village; InL. Ivalo . Occurs usually in small mossy meadows in woods, in grass in open forests, also in pure coniferous forests on needle beds. U . Helsinki parish, Korso, one collection from a rich spruce swamp under ferns and herbs. It showed typical narrow spores (8 .0-10.5 X 2.0-2.5 J.l), long decurrent gills and indistinct 10-15 J.l long cheilocystidia. Not earlier recorded from Finland. Mycena griseoviridis Smith Smith 1947, p. 418. U. Helsinki parish, Korso . One collection from mixed forest on the ground. The basidiocarps had cheilocystidia similar to those depicted by S m i t h (I.e.) l\1ycena galericulata (Scop. ex Fr.) S.F . Gray Yery common in South and Central Finland. The northhernmost collections are from EP. Vaasa (P.A.K., M a I m s t r i:i m in H) and Kuolla (P.A.K., HMF) . Occurs almost exclusively on rotten wood of deciduous trees (Alnus, Salix, Betula) . Only once have I found this species on coniferous (pine) wood in Hyvinkaa, Jatinlinna. The colour of the gills varies greatly in differe.nt collections. In most cases they change their colour from whitish to reddish, but in some basidiocarps they become greyish. The spores of last-named pilei are slightly more elliptic than from reddish-gilled pilei (10.9-13.0 X 6.2-7.8 J.l vz. 9.3-11.7 X 7.0- 8.6) and the cap is not so distinctly striate as that of the preceeding form. \'\'hether it isM. rugosa Fr., in which species gills become »ex alba cinereis» (Fries 1857, p. 208- 209) and the firstnamed reddish-gilled M. galericulata Fr., in which gills turn »ex alba carneis», needs, however, further investigation. Mycena galopus (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer Syn. M . galopoda auct. Very common in moist coniferous forest with preference to small moist carpets of Sphagnum from June to October. The northernmost collections are from InL: Inari, Paaluniemi (TUR), Inari main village (V.H.) Sodankyla village (V.H.). This species is regarded as rare by K a r s t e n (1889) as well as by Rautavaara (1947); even S c h u I mann (1961) has met the typically coloured form only three times. However, a part of K a r s t e n' s collections of M . debilis in H belong to this species. The colour of the cap varies greatly. Var. leucogala is not uncommon on burned areas and on peaty ground on ditches, tracks, etc. at least to Koli (R.T., H) in the north. · M;•cena gracilis (Que!.) Kuhner Kuhner 1938, p. 650. Mycena haematopus (Que!.) Kuhn. Kuhner 1938, p . 219, Smith 1947, p. 140. The main form as well as var. marginata are apparently fairly common at least in South and Central Finland on rotten twigs in soil, on logs and stumps, especially of decicuous trees. K a r s t e n ( 1889) mentions this species from »Nyl. Lap!.», and the northernmost locality known to me is InL : I valo, Toloskoski, where I found the variety marginata . M)'cena inclinata (Fr.) Quel. Kuhner 1938, p . 340, Smith 1947, p. 338. V. Turku Ruissalo (P. K a 11 i o, (TUR) M. Laurila (1939),\". H.,Korppoo (Eklund 1943) U . Helsinki parish, Tammisto (V.H.) In Finland known exclusively from rotten stumps of Quercus and its distribution seems to be limited to the oak region on the southern coast. In Central Europe it is also recorded from rotten wood of other deciduous trees, also occasionally on coniferous wood (F a v r e 1960). In H there is a collection labelled M. inclinata made by Karsten in Teisko in 1859, which is i1.1. viscosa. However, M. inclinata is mentioned neither in »Mycologia Fennica» nor in »Kritiskt Ofversigt». Mycena iodiolens Lundell Syn. M . viti/is (Fr.) Rieken, M . filopes Lange Kuhner 1937, p . 298, Smith 1947, p . 285. V. Turku, Muhkuri; Bromarv, Framnas (V.H.)U. Helsinki parish, Korso (V.H.) Occurs in grass-herb forests (oak or other broadleaved trees, occasionally under conifers), found also on garden soil emerging from small twigs buried in soil. The odour of iodoform is not so strong as that of lvf. metata, but the species is well characterized by its hyaline hypodermis, which causes its colour change from gray-brown when moist into almost pure white when dried. Both two-spored and four-spored forms have been found . 83 Mycena laevigata (Lasch) Que!. Kuhner 1938, p. 494, Smith 1947, p. 322. Fairly common on old stumps and logs of conifers in summer and fall. Herbarium records confirm the opinion of Karst e n (1889) and Rautav a a r a (1947), who state it as common to Lapland, where K a r s t en has collected it in Kuolla and the author in Inari, Myosajarvi. One of K a r s t e n' s collections of NI. lactea belongs to this species. Mycena leptocephala (Pers. ex Fr.) Gillet Smith 1947, p. 241. Common from south to KemL. Sodankyla (V.H.) and InL. Ivalo (V.H.) in moist deciduous forests , in rich swamps and alder thickets, sometimes on meadows in grass or in Sphagnum. The pileus is usually dark gray and always with a distinct »nitrous» smell. The size of the basidiocarps varies greatly, approaching to M. praelonga and M. stannea , but all specimens which I have found have had the characteristic smell at least when the flesh was crushed. Mycena longiseta Hohnel Kuhner 1938, p. 173, Smith 1947, p. 57. U. Tuusula ; Helsinki parish; Porvoo, Sondby (V.H.). - EH. Juupajoki (V .H.). -PH. Jyvaskyla parish (V .H .). PS . Joroinen (V.H.). PP. Rovaniemi (V.H.) M. longiseta is according to my experience the most common species of the section Basipedes in Finland. It occurs in mixed and coniferous forests on moss, litter and pieces of rotten wood, often emerging from the uppermost litter layers. Despite the fact that it is well characterized by thickwalled setae on the pileus and stipe, it is not previously reported from Finland. However, it seems improbable that earlier mycologists had overlooked it but for lack of herbarium material it is impossible to decid e which name they have used for it. Mycena luteoalcalina Singer Singer 193l;p.528, Kuhner 1938,p. 432. Syn. M. alcalina Fr. M . viridimarginata v. lutea Favre? U. Helsinki (P.A.K., as M . alcalina, H), Tuusula; Sipoo; Helsinki parish; Kerava; Hyvinkaa (V.H.). - EH. Juupajoki, Hyytiala (V.H.).- PS. Joroinen Keriniemi (V.H.).- PP. Rovaniemi town (V.H.).KemL. Sodankyla (V.H.). InL. Inari village (V.H.); Utsjoki Kevo (T u r.) . Common on old stumps and rotten logs of coniferous trees apparently in the whole country. This species is characterized by its beautiful yellow 84 stipe, darker or lighter yellow-brown (centre 15 C 9 - margin 12 E 6) cap, fusoid- ventricose cystidia only on the edge, and by intercellular or membranaceous yellow pigment in the epicutis. M. luteoalcalina has not been earlier reported from Finland. However, F r i e s included ;t in his M. alcalina, because he described his alcalina as having a yellow stipe comparable in colour with M. epipterygia. The concept of M . alcalina according to K u h n e r and L a n g e refers to a distinctly different mushroom with gray vacuolar pigment in the hypodermis. The edges of the lamellae are often bordered shortly on the distal part with the colour of the cap (which is mentioned by K ii h n e r and Rom a gn e s i 1953). Occasiona lly this bordering, especially in old carpophores turns greenish, thus approaching M . viridimarginata Karsten. At present I have not been able to find any other differences between this and the typical M. luteoalcalina except slightly more olivaceous pileus (disc 15 H 5- 14 I 5-6, margin 13 H 6.) Mycena maculata Karsten Kuhner 1938,p.334, Smith 1947, p .341. U . Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla; Helsinki parish (V.H.). EH. Tammela (P.A.K.) . Fafrly common (26 collections) in the su rroundings of Korso on rotten stumps of conifers. Mycena megaspora Kauffman Kuhner 1938,p.329, Smith 1947, p.296. - U . Tuusula Ruotsinkyla; Helsinki parish; Kerava ; Sipoo Spjutsund (V.H.). - EK. Hamina town (V.H.). - EH. Loppi, Pilpala (V.H.) - PS. Joroinen, Lahnalahti (V.H.) - InL. Utsjoki, Vetsikko (V.H.) All my 12 collections are made from peaty soil, e.g. dry pine bogs, drained spruce swamps, often beneath paths or drainage ditches. Both Fa v r e ( 1948) and S m i t h ( 194 7) report this species from swampy soil. I had this species in pure culture on Picea wood in a 500 em' bottle. It produced after a year some typical dark-coloured basidiocarps and some others 18 months after inoculation, which, howe er, were all sterile. In addition to other morphological charactericstis (spore size, pseudorhiza) this indicates that M. megaspora is distinct from other species of the Rigipedes-group. Mycena metata (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer Syn. M . vitrea v. tenella Kuhner, non M . metata Kuhner. Kuhner 1938 p . 289, Smith 1947, p . 272 . Very common in South and Central Finland in moist and dry coniferous forests. The northernmost collections are from KemL. Sodankyla, Vuotso ( .H .). Characteristic by more or less pronounced reddish colour of the pileus, fairly evenly distributed dark pigment in the cap trama and by its odour, which after specimens have been gathered, becomes reminiscent of iodoform. Mycena mirata (Peck) Sacc. Kuhner 1938, p. 282, Smith 1947, p. 113. V. Turku, Ruissalo (V.H. ), one collection growing on a mossy log of Quercus. Mycena polygramma (Bull. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray Kuhner 1938, p. 498, Smith 1947, p. 292., A. Lemland (S ten 1 i d 1947). - V. Turku, Ruissalo (P.A.K.), l\Iuhkuri (V.H.); Bromarv, Framnas (V.H .); Karjalohja (M. La uri 1 a 1939), Korppoo (E k 1 u n d 1943). - U. Helsinki, Ostersundom (V.H.). - EH. Tammela (P.A.K., H). Seems to be restricted to oak woods and luxuriant grass-herb forests, where it grows on naked humus earth or around stumps and leaf-heaps. Mycena pseudocorticola Kuhner Kuhner 1938, p. 243. U. Espoo. Otaniemi, 8.XII 1960 on bark of deciduous trees (M. Korhonen); Helsinki, Herttoniemi (V.H.) . Mycena niveipes Murrill Syn. M. pseudogalericulata Lge Kuhner 1938, p. 485, Smith 1947, p. 310. A. (S c h u 1m ann 1961). - V. Tammisaari (S c h u 1m ann 1961); Ruissalo (V.H.); Pyhajarvi U.l. (V.H.). - U. Tuusula and Helsinki parish (V.H.). - EK. Parikkala (S c h u 1m ann 1961) . PS . Joroinen (V.H.); Lapinlahti (S c h u 1m ann 1961). - InL. Ivalo, Toloskoski (V.H.). Fairly common from June to October, particularly in alder woods on rotten twigs, stumps or on soil. Mycena oregonensis Smith Smith 1947, p. 117-118. Notes on Finnish material: Pileus 5-8 mm, with a distinct umbo, bright orange yellow, lamellae decurrent, edge orange, stipe fragile, pale yellow, hairy. Sp. 7.5-9.0 X 3-4 p, cheilocystidia fusoidventricose, content yellow, pleurocysyidia abundant, yellow. Epicutis thin, diverticulate, caulocystidia similar to cheilocystidia, abundant. Met with qnly in one locality: U. Sipoo, Myyras, abundant during three years in a fern-rich swampy spruce forest among moss and litter. Mycena parabolica (Fr.) Que!. Smith 1947, p. 302. U. Helsinki parish, Korso, several collections. (V.H.) . On rotten twigs or logs in moist forests. The shape of cheilocystidia is quite variable and intergrades sometimes into that of M . alcalina, which may have roughened cystidia on the distal end of the lamellae. Mycena pearsoniana Dennis ex Singer U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla (V.H.). Met with in moist Alnus glutinosa- swamps and grass-herb forests. Mycena pterigena (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer U. Helsinki (R.T., H); Tuusula and Helsinki parish (V.H.).- St. Kankaanpaa (M. La uri 1 a, H). EH. Messukyla (P.A.K., H); Tammela, Mustiala (P.A.K., H). Found exclusively on old leaves of ferns (Athyrium filix-femina, Dryopteris spinulosa and Matteuccia struthiopteris). Mycena pura (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer Very common in moist and particularly in grassherb forests (OMT) fromjune to October. According to K a r s t e n common to Lapland, where I have found it in Inari. M. pura v. alba is met with once in a rich alder stand in Helsinki parish, Rekola. M . pura v. rosea Schum.-V. Bromarv, Framnas, 28.X.l958, in a oak wood among leaf litter. Mycena purpureofusca (Peck) Sacc. Smith 1947, p . 209. U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla (V.H.) - PS. Joroinen, Keriniemi (V. H.) Found on old logs in moss and on alder stumps. The colour of the cap of my specimens was M. & P. 6 F-G 8, the margin 4 F 8. The material present, however is too small to distinguish between M . elegantula Peck and this fungus. Mycena rigidula Karsten Symb. ad Mycol. Fenn. VI. U. Tuusula, Hyryla (V.H.). - EH. Tammela (P.A.K.). The carpophores found by me were growing in a felling area among lumbering remains, leaf litter and wood chips. Pileus was shining gray when dry, sporea s 7.0-8.5 p, spherical, basidia 4-spored. They differed from K a r s ten' s description by having a dark stipe (according to K a r s ten, 85 white). M. salicina Vel. (Kuhner 1938, p. 620) is very close to this fungus differing mainly by having 2-spored basidia. Unfortunately, there are no K a r s t e n' s collections left to decide the number of spores in them. I have used K a r s t en's name mainly because of the conspicuously shining surface of the pileus, which K a r s t e n emphasizes, and the discrepancy in the number of spores borne in basidia in M. salicina. Mycena rorida (Scop. ex Fr.) Que!. Fairly common, often already in June in moss in coniferous forests, often emerging from rotten branches of small twigs of dwarf schrubs. K a r s ten (1889) reports this species as common from Uusimaa to Lapland and the northernmost collections are from Kuolla (P .. \.K.), Inari village and Kaunispaa, 350 m s.m. in a sub-alpine birch forest (V.H.) Mycena rosella (Fr.) Kummer According to Karsten (1 889) south to Vaasa (EP) and S c h u found it in Parikkala (ES). Found in hood of Helsinki in moist coniferous cases under pine. common frum I mann has the neighbourforests in most Mycena rubromarginata (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer N. Helsinki parish and Tuusula (V.H.). - EH. Tammela (P.A.K.,). - PS. Joroinen (V.H.). Probably common in South Finland, but it has been confused with M . capillaripes. Characteristic of this species is its occurrence on small rotten branches or logs of conifers, more rarely on old stumps. Mycena sanguinolenta (Alb. & Schw.ex Fr.) Kummer Common from south to KemL. Sodankyla village (V.H .) . Gregarious in moist coniferous forests (MT-OMT) and in swampy spruce forests from July to October. M_ycena speirea (Fr.) Gillet Kuhner 1938, p . 582, Smith 1947, pp. 359-360. U. Tuusula and Kerava (V.H .). - InL. Ivalo, Toloskoski (V.H. ). Met with in rich swampy forests under ferns or in moist herb-rich forests on rotten pieces of wood in summer and fall. Mycena strobilicola Favre & Kuhner Kuhner 1938, p . 461. V . Vihti (R.T., H); Parainen (M. K or h one n). - U. Helsinki (R.T.); Espoo (R.T.); Tuusula (V.H.). - EH. Hattula (L. H aka 1 a, H). Occurs on rotten cones of spruce in the spring. 86 It seems in the light of the present material to be clearly distinct from }\If. alcalina and M . plumbea by its undifferentiated hypodermis and more yellowbrown colours. Mycena stylobates (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer Kuhner 1938, p . 186, Smith 1947, p. 53. V . Merimasku (P.A.K .). - U. Tuusula and Helsinki parish (V.H.).- EH. Tammela (P.A.K. ). ES. Konnunsuo (P.A.K.) . - KK. Jaaski (P.A.K.) . - Lp. Kola (P.A.K.) . Occurs in moist forests on litter, pieces of wood, particularly under heaps of branches etc. Mycena Swartzii (Fr.) Smith l\1et with in grass-herb forests, often in Rhodobryum, and is common in the South and Central Finland, the northernmost collection is from Sodan kyhi, Vaalajarvi (V.H.). lvfycena tintinabulum (Fr.) Schroeter Kuhner 1938, p. 337 V. Tammisaari (Schulmann H). 1961, p. 26, Mycena urania (Fr.) Gillet Kuhner 1938, p . 310, Smith 1947, p. 270 . U . Helsinki parish; Tuusula (V.H.) . - KemL. Rovaniemi, near airport (V.H .). InL. Ivalo, Toloskoski (V.H .). Collected in drained spruce swamps, mixed birchspruce forests (MT), in Larix plantations and once in a dry pine plantation (VT). Both Kuhner and Smith (I.e.) mention this species from swampy forests in moss and on leaf litter. It is not earlier recorded from Finland. Mycena viscosa (Seer.) Maire Kuhner 1938, p. 351, Smith 1947, p. 421. A. Lemland (S ten I i d 1947) - U . Tuusula, Ruotsinkyla; Helsinki parish (V .H.).- EH. Teisko (P.A.K. , H) . Fairly common near Helsinki on the base bark of living spruces or on stumps, probably also elsewhere in South Finland. Mycena vitilis (Fr.) Que!. Kuhner 1938, p . 5 04, Smith 1947, p. 288. \'. Turku, Ruissalo and Muhkuri (\ '.H.) . - U . Tuusula, Ruotsinky1a ; Porvoo, Tamminiemi (V.H.) . - PS . Joroinen, Keriniemi (V.H.) . Met with in broad-leaved or mixed grass-herb forests, in drained spruce swamps etc. , often emerging from rotten pieces of wood buried in soil. For financial support I wish to express my thanks to the Foundation . of Osk. Huttunen (0 s k. Hutt u s e n S a a t i ii) and to the Society S u o m a I a i- nen Blain- ja Kasvitieteellinen Seura Vanamo (» Vanrikki l'vlatti Laurilan rahasto»). LITERATURE E k I u n d, 0., 1943: Zur Pilzflora des Scharenarchipels SW-Finnlands. - Mem. soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 18, 2- 21. Favre, J u 1 e s, 1948 : Les associations fongiques des haut-marais J urassiens et de quelques regions voisines. - Materiaux pour la flore cryptogamique Suisse, 10 :3, 1--228. -»1960: Catalogue descriptif des champignons superieurs de la zone subalpine du pare national Suisse. Erg. der wiss. Untersuchungen der Schw. Nationalparks 6 (neue Folge), 1-610. Frey, R ., 1944: Nagra anteckningar om basidsvampfloran pa Aland. - Mem. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 19, 9- 16. Fries, E I i as M., 1857: Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae I. 484 pp. Upsaliae. Karsten, P. A., 1879: Rysslands, Finlands och den skandinaviska halfiins hattsvampar. - 571 pp. -»1889: Kritisk iifversigt af Finlands basidsvampar. - Bidr. till kannedomen af Finlands natur och folk 48, 1- 470. K i.i h n e r, Robert, 1938: Le genre Mycena. Encycl. Mycol. 10, 1-710. - »& H . RoMAGNEsr, 1953 : Flora analytique des champignons superieurs. - Paris, 1-55 7. Lange, J . A., 1936 : Flora Agaricina Danica, vol. II, 1-105 40 plates. Copenhagen. + Lange, Morten, 1948: The agarics of Magieroose . - Dansk Bot. Arkiv. 13 :1, 1-141. L a u r i 1 a, M a t t i, 1939: Basidiomycetes novi et rariosque in Fennia collecti. -Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fennia »Vanamo» 10, 4: 1-24. Lundell, Seth & J.A.Nannfeldt, 1942: Fungi exiccati Suecici, praesertim Upsali ensis. - 44 pp. Upsala. M a e r t z, A. & M. R e a P a u 1, 1950; A Dictionary of color. - 208 pp. New York. MaIms t r ii m, N., 1960 : Tutkiehna LounaisHameen sienista v. 1958.- LounaisHameen Luonto 8, 65-81. Rautavaara, T ., 1947: Suomen Sienisato. -534 pp. Porvoo. S c h u 1m ann, 0 . v., 1961 : Zur Kenntnis der Basidiomyceten Finnlands. - Karstenia V, 5-99. Smith, A 1 ex and e r H. , 1947 : North American species of Mycena. - 521 pp. Ann Arbor. S t e n I i d , G., 194 7 : N agra an teckningar om Alands svampflora. - Mem. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 23, 82-90. T h e s I e f f, A. , 1920: Studier iifver basidsvampfloran i sydiistra Finland. - Bidr. till kannedomen af Finlands Natur och Folk 79, 1-140. Tuomi k o ski, Risto, 1953: Notes on Finnish Agaricales. - Karstenia 2, 26-32. 87