Mycologia, 80(4), 1988, pp. 515-519. ? 1988, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 PARATRICHOPHAEA (PEZIZALES) IN NORTH AMERICA DONALD H. PFISTER Harvard University Herbaria, 20 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 ABSTRACT Paratrichophaea macrocystis is reported from North America, and two other previously species are transferred to the genus from other genera. The new combinations are P. michig P. pygmea. Paratrichophaea is compared to Tricharina, Wilcoxina, Trichophaeopsis, Rhiz Trichophaea and Cheilymenia but is considered to be distinct from them. Key Words: Pezizales, Paratrichophaea. The genus Paratrichophaea Trigaux (1985) was sense, is a heterogeneous assemblage its broadest proposed for a single species, P. macrocystis Triof species referred to Cheilymenia and Coprobia gaux, from a single collection composed three (1984). It generally has yellow pigbyof Moravec ments and spore walls which loosen in treatapothecia from France. No type material was saved. The study of some North American ments colwith potassium hydroxide. Both characlections of operculate discomycetes with setose teristics are lacking in Paratrichophaea. excipular hairs shows that a fungus which can be Paratrichophaea is much like Trichophaeopsis, referred to P. macrocystis is found in toNorth which it has been compared in detail in this America, and that two other species should study. also Specimens in FH of both T. bicuspis and be referred to the genus. The present paper gives T. tetraspora were studied. Paratrichophaea, like descriptions of the North American taxa Trichophaeopsis, referred has eguttulate or indistinctly to Paratrichophaea. guttulate ascospores and prominent hairs. In TriParatrichophaea is closely related to chophaeopsis, a group the most prominent type of hairs of genera which includes Tricharina Eckblad, are two-pronged and arise superficially from the Wilcoxina Yang and Korf, Trichophaeopsis outer Korf excipulum. Such hairs are lacking in Parand Erb, Rhizoblepharia Rifai, Trichophaea atrichophaea. The smooth, unwrinkled spore Boudier, and perhaps some of the species now walls and the origin of the apothecial hairs from placed in Cheilymenia Boudier. Boundaries be- within the medullary excipulum in Paratrichotween these taxa remain poorly delimited despite phaea exclude it from Rhizoblepharia. recent studies (Yang and Korf, 1985; Korf and Trigaux (1985) has described her collection in Erb, 1972; Erb, 1972; Moravec, 1984). Para- detail. It is on the basis of her published work trichophaea, as it was originally conceived, in-that I have made the identification of my macludes a single species with small, wood-inhab-terial from North America, since no type maiting apothecia and eguttulate, or indistinctly terial of P. macrocystis exists. guttulate, smooth ascospores. The ascospores lack a loosening spore wall. Prominent rooting setae PARATRICHOPHAEA Trigaux, Doc. Mycol. 16(61): which arise from the medullary excipulum are 5. 1985. present on the outer surface of the apothecia. These setae are commonly unbranched. The Apothecia 1-2 mm diam; hymenium white, combination of characters shown in Paratrichodirty white, or gray. Hairs long, setose, arising phaea is found in no other genera known to me. from within the excipulum. Asci operculate, Paratrichophaea is unlike Trichophaea in that 4- or 8-spored. Ascospores smooth, ellipsoid, Trichophaea has guttulate ascospores and non- eguttulate at maturity. Medullary excipulum of rooting hairs. Wilcoxina and Tricharina both narrow interwoven hyphae. Outer excipulum of have non-rooting hairs though the spores in each globose to angular cells, the outermost cells of these genera are non-guttulate. Scutellinia has sometimes smaller than those toward the medguttulate ascospores and prominent rooting hairs ullary excipulum. In the outer layer there may which are branched at the base. Cheilymenia, in also be some broad clavate cells (termed "pseu515 This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:35:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 516 MYCOLOGIA FIG. 1. Paratrichophaea macrocystis. Cross-section of apothecium DHP no. 118. Scale = 4 jm. PARATRICHOPHAEA MACROCYSTIS Trigaux, Doc. dopoils" or pseudohairs by Trigaux). Paraphyses are narrow, filiform or clavate. Mycol. 16(61): 5. 1985. FIG. 1 On wet soil and vegetable debris. Apothecia minute, turbinate to narr cer-shaped. Hymenium white, outer surface KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARATRICHOPHAEA brownish white but covered with hairs. Asci 175- 200 x 15 ,um with croziers, with 8 spores or with 1. Asci 8-spored ............................ 2 fewer, opening with a broad operculum creating 1. Asci 4-spored ................ P. michiganensis 2. Hymenium white; paraphyses narrow, 2-3 a ragged outline. Ascospores 16-17 x 10-11 am, ,um wide at the apex; hairs up to 1000 umsmooth, without guttules at maturity but with long ....................... P. macrocystis obvious granular contents. Paraphyses narrow, 2. Hymenium gray; paraphyses clavate, up to filiform, unexpanded at apex, 2-3 ,im broad. 6 tum wide at the apex; hairs shorter than above, up to 250 um long ....... P. pygmea Medullary excipulum of textura intricata. Ectal This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:35:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PFISTER: PARATRICHOPHAEA 517 FIG. 2. Paratrichophaea michiganensis. Cross-section of apothecium. (Holotype, MICH.) Scale = 4 Atm. This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:35:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 518 MYCOLOGIA -A. FIG. 3. Paratrichophaea pygmea. Cross-section of apothecium. (Holotype, BPI.) Scale = 4 A.m. excipulum composed of globose or angular cells, COLLECTIONS: The holotype, consisting of three apo- >20 gm diam, brownish. Hairs arising from thecia on decorticated wood, was in poor condition and was not saved by Trigaux. North American col- medullary excipulum, acute apically, dark brown lections examined: Minnesota, Lake Itasca, 6.VIII.80, above but lower cells within the excipulum often on soil and moss under herbaceous plants in low hyaline, 500-1000 x 20-25 m. swampy spot near Field Station, Pfister no. 118 and E. L. Pfister; Minnesota, Lake Itasca, 9.VIII.80. on soil On decorticated wood and soil. near Station, coll. Pfister (FH). This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:35:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PFISTER: PARATRICHOPHAEA 519 Note: The reference of these North American From examination of isotype at BPI: hairs up collections to P. macrocystis is made based onto -250 x 15 ,m, originating from the border their comparison with Trigaux's fine description,between ectal excipulum and medullary excipsince there is no authentic material. The occurulum. Medullary excipulum of textura intricata; hyphae 3-4 Mm diam; outer layers of collapsed rence of the type collection on wood should also be noted as being at variance with the Northangular cells, perhaps up to 30 uim. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores smooth, ellipsoid at maturity, young American collections. I studied my collections over a period of several years, and I had con-spores with granular contents, older spores eguttulate, 11-13 x 21-23(-25) Am. Paraphyses clacluded that they represented an undescribed gevate, up to 6 tim diam at apex. Many diatoms nus. They so closely fit Trigaux's description that are held in the hyphae at the base of the apoI do not hesitate to place them in the genus Parthecium. atrichophaea and expand the genus by including two similar species. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ISOTYPE, on rich ground among filaments of Lyngbya, Otowanie Woods, LanParatrichophaea michiganensis (Kanouse) Pfis- ter, comb. nov. FIG. 2 caster County, Nebraska, no date (BPI). Note: The collection is scanty and difficult to Trichophaea michiganensis Kanouse, Mycologia study; little information can be gained about the 50: 138. 1958. excipular construction. Color of the apothecia, According to Kanouse (1958): apothecia greform and position of the hairs and guttulation of garious, sessile, thick, soft, minute, 0.75-1 mm the ascospores all point to an association with diam, white, inrolled when dry with the hairs Paratrichophaea. The broad paraphyses and nearly covering the hymenium. shorter hairs separate this taxon from other From study of type collection: hairs 480-700 x species placed in the genus. 15 gjm, arising from medullary excipulum. Medullary excipulum - 100 ,um thick, of textura inACKNOWLEDGMENTS tricata; hyphae 2-3 gm diam. Ectal excipulum This work was supported by National Science Founof globose-angular cells, 10-20 x 8-12 jum. Hydation Grant 80-23018, by a stipend from the Unimenium - 150-200 jim thick. Asci 4-spored. Asversity of Minnesota which allowed me to collect around cospores smooth, ellipsoid, 10-12 x 19-22(-24) Lake Itasca, and by a fellowship from the Whiting Foundation which allowed time for completion of this Am, granular to more or less guttulate when young, eguttulate at maturity. Paraphyses filiform,work. 2-3 I wish to thank the curators at BPI and MICH for the use of collections. ,um at apex. On wet, matted leaves. LITERATURE CITED SPECIMEN EXAMINED: HOLOTYPE: A. H. Smith 22065, Wolf Bog, Cheboygan County, Michigan,Erb, R. W. 1972. A new species of the genus Rhi- 8.VIII.46 (MICH). Paratrichophaea pygmea (Clem.) Pfister, comb. zoblepharia from the neotropics, and a redisposition of the genus in the Pyronemataceae, Pseudombrophileae. Phytologia 24: 5-14. Kanouse, B. B. 1958. Some species of the genus Trichophaea. Mycologia 50: 121-140. Korf, R. P., and R. W. Erb. 1972. Clemen The genus TrichoSepultaria pygmea 14. 1896. phaeopsis. Phytologia 24: 15-19. Moravec, J. 1984. Two new species of Coprobia and Lachnea pygmea (Clem.) Sacc. & Syd., Syll. fung. nov. 14: 755. 1899. FIG. 3 taxonomic remarks on the genus Cheilymenia and Coprobia (Discomycetes, Pezizales). Ceskd Mykol. 38: 146-155. From the original description: "Ascomata very G. 1985. Paratricophaea macrocystis genre minute, /2-3/4 mm., rarely 1 mm. in diam.,Trigaux, gregarious, carnose, scutellate; hymenium gray et orespece nouveaux. Doc. Mycol. 16: 1-6. Yang, C. S., and R. P. Korf. 1985. A monograph of fuscous, margin and external surface furnished the genus Tricharina and of a new segregate genus, with very strict brown, septate, acute, or often Wilcoxina (Pezizales). Mycotaxon 24: 467-531. truncate hairs, 175-250 x 12/2 t; asci cylindriAccepted for publication February 3, 1988 cal, 125-150 x 9-10 t; sporidia ellipsoid, smooth, 12 x 7 At; paraphyses exceptionally numerous, filiform." This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:35:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms