IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 5 · NO 1: 141–160 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.14           Pedro W. Crous1,2,3 # 7   % 4 !   ; /  5,6,7, Vincent Robert1 >  ? @ 7,8, Josep Guarro4, Barbara Robbertse9A ;D9E  ! 10F   F    11, and Johannes Z. Groenewald1 1 A'DH@"#KL '    A  E   MNOMQAFE F "   U ART I CLE           H X [   ?   !   ' E E   >   MNOMQA/E F "    3 K     E     \   A   KE\ ;     >  !       * ]^_M >' K     F  "    4 E   ?  L   ?     A `   D  jjD>qE    \  q   D ; xz*QNz_*\ F   Spain 5 !     ' { q   jjL   L   E    A   ?  > | \ }A 7 ?  zM_Q_D  6 !   ;  D  F "  /  ? A  \ ;DK^O'!E@ 7 ?D  \ '  %  @ D FK+N!DE@ 8 D  @ ;   ?j  ?   A   #  D  ' 7 *__*_*A  9 "   A   '  j   "   ; ?    "   j  / '   ?  ED# 10 D   ? "  /  %~  |>LN__*OQ_zM_]%~  |%   11 !    > > L #  A ? E   A ? O_z__F   2   F                                            !"# $                F                        %  L   %L                  H H H          !"# $          #      *M 000 fungal genera described, we aim to initially focus on the subset of names that have been placed on the €K H 7   ;   >    %   "    L    IMA Fungus 4(2): 381–443, 2013). To                        ?' F      ?'F           ?' ?'       %L                            %L   vice versa),          j  L  jL       \ D $ F    ;  \F;      % '     "    A     '   j    "A'j F                                    H        X Bartalinia (Bartalinia robillardoidesUAmphisphaeriaceae, Xylariales), Chaetospermum (Chaetospermum chaetosporum, incertae sedis, Sebacinales), Coniella (Coniella fragariae, Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales), Crinitospora (Crinitospora pulchra, Melanconidaceae, Diaporthales), Eleutheromyces (Eleutheromyces subulatus, Helotiales), Kellermania (Kellermania yuccigena, Planistromataceae, Botryosphaeriales), Mastigosporium (Mastigosporium album, Helotiales), and Mycotribulus (Mycotribulus mirabilis, Agaricales#                 H         j?#L               7    ; >   %   "   L    !"#'   fungal systematic ITS ;DE     %  L    D   X*O# z_*QU#  X]‚ z_*QU>   X*+‚ z_*Q INTRODUCTION In The Genera of Fungi, Clements & Shear (1931) summarised the mycological information available at that time to provide a          Fungi, including lichen-forming fungi, and also Oomycota). In the process, they selected type species for many genera in which no type                      generic names. Since that historic publication, mycology as a              !"# $             % '   *++* /  et al. 2011). Taylor et al. (2000) proposed the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition concept to delimit fungal species by utilising characters from multiple © 2014 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution:                                       Non-commercial:           No derivative works:            For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 141 ART I CLE  142       F                             /   less precise methods were needed in order to address the challenge to document all life on the planet in a reasonable       F                               !"#  $               /  et al. (2003)     !"#'  F         !"#!"#            #       the mitochondrial gene CO1 was unsuitable as a universal !"#            situation by adopting the widely used internal transcribed    jFD          !"#    L  !"#   D et al z_*z F     had a 73 % probability to correctly identify a fungal species               "               barcodes that will distinguish species with better resolution are already well advanced (Schmitt et al. 2009, Quaedvlieg et alz_*z%   et al. 2013, Tretter et al. 2013). Other changes effecting fungal nomenclature include       ?'        $                  A  et al z__Q               €#   !     L  "    /   et al. z_**            $     International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plantsjA"F            /   z_** K   et al. z_*z #    implication of these changes was the option to develop lists         €                j     '    A  j'A‡j‡  A    z_*^/  et al. 2012). F #    L F ;   7       7       !"#H         L                 comparable to the genealogical concordance proposed for species delimitation by Taylor et al. (2000). The focus was on elucidating the older fungal divergences and resulted                          /    z__^ /                                 #  $      H                     abolishment of dual nomenclature, numerous name changes            # 7            !"#                     A ˆ%    z__OA ˆ; z_*z   many genera were discovered to be poly- and or paraphyletic (Crous et al z__+ #   et al z_*_ /   et al. 2012, Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Based on these changes, many plant pathogenic, industrial or medically important fungi had to be allocated to different genera, including the Cylindrocarpon A  et al. 2011), the Fusarium   % ‰   et al. 2011, Schroers et al. 2011), the Alternaria   K   et al. 2013), the Septoria   Š   et al. 2013), the Botryosphaeria  >  et al. 2013), and many others. et al. In order to reduce the dramatic effects of combining phenotypic characters with genotypic characters and obtain                           !"#H $                          !    past 14 years (2000–2013) the mycological community has described 1 833 fungal genera, for which only 155 (8.4 %)                 jFD !"#  $           j    problems related to the imprecise morphological application    !"#      F     and contain this issue, we herewith launch The Genera of L   7         $    ‹  recollect the type species of genera envisaged to be given           j'A‡j‡  z_*^  #          *M___       ?'   j  L                     @ et al. 2013). F    7  X *           %  ŒL  ,                            ?'  j  L  'Œ;! E"jF     !"#   jFD ;DE      % '  \F; (Schoch et al. 2014). (2) Source type specimens and cultures of the type species of genera from fungaria and Biological Resource Centres (BRCs), and derive the metadata $       (3) Recollect fresh material of the type species if not              !"# barcodes and cultures from this material. Q!              species, for those genera where this has not been indicated in the original publications. OL                     H H        appropriate, and at the same time deposit cultures in at least two Biological Resource Centres (BRCs) from which they would be widely available to the international research community. (6) Publish modern descriptions of the type species                 7        ?'F   jL     registration), and also deposit associated metadata in %  ŒL             other databases as indicated above.  !"   #   jFD           !"#               D et al. 2012), the    ;DE zMD !"#U           MO_ bp – see Material & Methods below) is recommended for                 Many loci can be employed in phylogenetic analyses but, we       jFD  ;DE                 7 F         !"#  $                 IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi #     Of primary concern is that metadata related to type species of         %  L    www. %  ŒL                 ?' ?'F  j L  Various publication options are possible, and genera could be published as individual articles (or several combined into a            7     It is recommended that the following issues are addressed in such publications: *F       (2) Phylogenetic placement of the type species of the genus. N"                generic names based on stability. (4) Generic and species description, with reference        ?'    j  L  j"D!A $       O                  phylogenetic placement. ]"                 the phylogeny of the genus. $   #                   7  groups of fungi. It is recommended that mycologists in different countries form a national node, which could focus                              j       ?'  j L            described from different countries and on which substrates. This information is not currently present in our databases for most genera, and is the biggest impediment to this  7 ?  '\A         !"#     H       The publication strategy followed will depend on the authors,          %L            ?'                          #           individual genera as part of larger multi-authored papers      j?# L           following associate editors: Pedro Crous ( [    !  /    [ )            F   ;  ( [         |    @   Voigt (@  q [ H7      |    Roger Shivas (\ D  [ $ ) for rusts and smuts. VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS %   Several genera were re-described based on cultures         A'DH@"#K L  '         E  F  "    A'DH@"#K           >K A  A>A    A'D L    collections, leaves and twigs were placed in damp chambers, and incubated at room temperature for 1–2 d. Single conidial colonies were established from sporulating conidiomata  >         z Ž       ?#  described earlier (Crous et al. 1991). Colonies were sub zŽ H     >!#     Œ#?#A et al. 2009b), autoclaved pine needles on zŽ     >"#D et al. 1996), and incubated at 25 $C under continuous near-ultraviolet light to promote sporulation. Reference strains and specimens are maintained at the CBS. ART I CLE    j    ?  #   j?#      K L    A  A   KLAA              '\A                   of cultures (and/or specimens), generate free barcodes for the depositor. These collaborating BRCs will be listed on the %  L        !"   &       %   !"#                ?#     E A TM ?    !"# j   @  ?'  ;    j D   '  A# ED# according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The primers V9G  /ˆ%    *++M ;\Oq  ˆ /  *++_     jFD   !"#        N     *MD  \"#                 jFD*   OMD  \"#        jFD   jFDz       +__  O  zMD \"#  F    ITS4 (White et al *++_  ;DE*L A  et al. 2009a)          $          $    $                #         A   et al. z__MF   D $? ^__!"#DF#\?   KjED#      $      '    jFD ;DE $    performed for each isolate and the closest matches were retrieved and included in the phylogenetic analysis. The  $        $         ;DE          Crous et alz__]%     €               D $             % ' F  *        F '#D (http://www.treebase.org \     $       discussed under the species notes below. $    Slide preparations were mounted in clear lactic acid,         D    ‘        ?#>!#>"# Œ#D                     Œ         ’ qz_!   H    ’ Œ  %     ’  # j  z               !jA       # A  ?\O     ’   #               "     "iHE     "  F ‚   " D?’*O__ H   " !DHEN         "          A 143 144 ARTICLE  '(A     % '     )              1 )   *       + ,  LSU ITS 2 Bartalinia robillardoides A'D*zz^_O H    Leptoglossus occidentalis Italy – KJ710438 KJ710460 Chaetospermum chaetosporum A'D*OQO+ H   Submerged dead leaf of Alnus glutinosa D |  XF   #; '   7 KJ710439 KJ710461 CBS 612.75 ; >   X;  D#  KJ710440 KJ710462 Cordia myxa Coniella cf. fragariae CBS 110394 Soil of rain forest > Xj$  M. Christensen KJ710441 KJ710463 Coniella fragariae CBS 167.84 = CPC 3934 Vitis vinifera Germany: Geisenheim #F    E^OQ*Q+ #NN+N*M CBS 172.49 = CPC 3930  H   Stem base of Fragaria '  X;  #‚ #NN+zMz #NN+N*^   – S. de Boer KJ710442 KJ710464 Soil L  XA   G. Bollen E^OQ*O_ KJ710465 Crinitospora pulchra CBS 138014 = CPC 22807  H    Branches of Mangifera indica Thailand FF     KJ710443 KJ710466 Eleutheromyces sp. CBS 458.88 Lactarius scrobiculatus Germany K/  E^OQ*]z KJ710467 A'D*N++_•E#?/OOz+ !   Russulaceae A   X# ;D  E^OQ*]* KJ710471 A'D**NM] H    !     Sweden @#D   KJ710444 KJ710468 CBS 126.75 #         L  X?   A`  /#  # KJ710445 KJ710469 CBS 127.75 #         L  X\   '  /#  # KJ710446 KJ710470 CBS 781.83 Trametes zonata United Kingdom: Scotland W. Gams KJ710447 KJ710472 A'D*N*^z^•#\NQ^_ dead leaves of  ED#X" ?   #K\    KJ710450 KJ710475 CBS 138015 = CPC 20627  H    ;  Yucca rostrata ED#XA    P.W. Crous KJ710449 KJ710474 CPC 20623 ;  Yucca rostrata ED#XA    P.W. Crous KJ710448 KJ710473 CBS 138013 = CPC 22945  H    Alopecurus pratensis "   XE  E!  KJ710451 KJ710476 CPC 22946 Alopecurus pratensis "   XE  E!  KJ710452 KJ710477 Mycotribulus cf. mirabilis CBS 133172 = CPC 20836 Eucalyptus pellitabrassiana Indonesia ?‚K   KJ710458 KJ710483 Mycotribulus mirabilis CBS 138016 = CPC 14167  H    ;   Eucalyptus urophylla China A ? ˆ‡’  KJ710456 KJ710481 CPC 13390 ;  Eucalyptus camaldulgensis q  |  ?‚K   KJ710453 KJ710478 CPC 13391 ;  Eucalyptus camaldulgensis q  |  ?‚K   KJ710454 KJ710479 CPC 13392 ;  Eucalyptus camaldulgensis q  |  ?‚K   KJ710455 KJ710480 CPC 14168 ;   Eucalyptus urophylla China A ? ˆ‡’  KJ710457 KJ710482 Eleutheromyces subulatus Kellermania yuccigena Mastigosporium album  ?  IMA FUNGUS #\X    #K\   UA'DXA'DH@"#KL '    A  E F "   UA>AXA   >  A   A'DUE#?/XE   # ?/  A A  A    1 ;DEX    zMD  \"#  UjFDX     2        OMD !"#   et al. Tamarix  CBS 183.52 CBS 198.82 The Genera of Fungi RESULTS #  L                *^__         *MD \"#  jFD   zMD \"#;DE          F  *F ;DE                  L  *    jFD            F    7 ;DE      M] $       $   and 798 characters including alignment gaps were used          U NQ+          informative, 42 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 407 were constant. The parsimony analysis yielded the        *___ $         F; • *z+_  U Aj • _Q+NU \j • _+zMU \A • _QOM which allowed the genera treated here to be assigned to at         L  *U        F    "   H7                 $             delimiting similar terminal clades to those of the parsimony analysis (data not shown), but with some rearrangements at the deeper nodes. THE GENERA +   Tassi, Bull. Lab. Ort. Bot. Siena 3: 3 (1900). SynonymyXE      Hyalotia %  *+]* "  \ 7 et al. 1975) and Amphiciliella /~ *+*+" \ 7ˆ! A*+MQ Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata stromatic, varying from pycnidioid to indeterminate, subperidermal, intracortical or subepidermal in origin, immersed, uni- to                brown, glabrous, wall of textura angularis or textura globulosa, sometimes of textura prismatica  H     brown to brown in the outer layers, becoming thin-walled and paler toward the conidial hymenium. Conidiophores arising from the inner layers lining the conidioma, or at the base and                        irregularly branched, often reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, with percurrent proliferations,                  of conidiogenous cells absent). Conidia cylindrical to fusiform                     or slightly curved, 3–4-euseptate, apical cell hyaline and devoid of contents, other cells hyaline to pale brown, wall smooth, with or without constrictions at septa, suprabasal cell longer than the rest, apical appendage single, arising as                        z˜Q      VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 ‘       U                  ‘  Type species: Bartalinia robillardoides Tassi 1900. +        Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Siena 3: 3 (1900). ART I CLE characters and pigment production were noted after 1 mo     ?#  Œ# A  et al. 2009b) incubated at 25 ºC. Colony colours (surface and reverse) were rated according to the colour charts of Rayner (1970). Synonym: Seimatosporium robillardoides F   #  Gen. Fungi Spor. Cult., 3rd edn: 224 (1981). L z L . Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidioid to indeterminate or variable, amphigenous, scattered to gregarious, subepidermal, initially immersed, becoming erumpent, globose or depressed globose to angular, 180–240 μm diam, 80–200 μm                  U    Q_ ™    textura angularis    H   and brown in the outer layers, becoming thin-walled and paler toward the conidial hymenium. Conidiophores arising all around the cavity of the conidioma from the innermost wall layer, reduced to conidiogenous cells, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, 4–8 × 3–4.5 μm. Conidia subcylindrical, 4-septate, smooth, slightly constricted at the septa, (19–)21–24(–27) × 3–4 μm,     U                U                       U                    ‘       *O˜*]˜z_˜zz™U             ‘    Q˜^™ Culture characteristicsXA     z  zO šA ‘                    Œ>!#                      U         Œ?#   ]_   *     white to honey, with patches of pale olivaceous grey, reverse                  Œ Œ#     umber with patches of pale olivaceous grey and buff, reverse              Specimens examined: % : Siena, Botanical Gardens, on Callistemon speciosum‚ *+__Dj"#˜  D      U j?j +N_M+     H  ˜     here, MBT178268). – % : on Leptoglossus occidentalis, collector A'D/Hz*^zM˜ ?'F*^Mz^+U   H   A'D*zz^_O˜The " : Raalte, on Poa sp., 2013, W. Quaedvlieg (CBS 136768). Notes: The genus Bartalinia (Amphisphaeriaceae, Xylariales),           zz         *M              " \ 7*++N## *+M*    Bartalinia as synonym of Seimatosporium, this was not    " \ 7*++N         conidial appendages. Both are now recognised as genera      F    et al. z_** "  \ 7 *+^+  Sutton (1993) transferred Bartalinia nolinae and B. themedae to the genera Libartania and Kellermania, respectively. ;  " \ 7*++N   Bartalinia some species of 145  et al. EF589735 Chaetospermum artocarpi 100 Basidiomycota: Agaricomycotina JQ794488 Chaetospermum camelliae Incertae sedis Chaetospermum chaetosporum CBS 154.59 (ex-neotype) 97 100 Incertae sedis Sebacinaceae DQ520103 Craterocolla cerasi Chaetospermum chaetosporum CBS 612.75 Sebacinales ART I CLE Z73326 Saccharomyces cerevisiae JF297608 Rhizomarasmius epidryas HM005091 Strobilurus conigenoides 100 AY639883 Flammulina velutipes Physalacriaceae 98 KC179750 Rhodotus palmatus JN585132 Marasmius thwaitesii 100 Marasmiaceae EF589740 Mycotribulus cf. mirabilis 84 Mycotribulus cf. mirabilis CPC 20836 Mycotribulus mirabilis CPC 13390 100 Mycotribulus mirabilis CPC 13391 94 Agaricales KC179743 Flammulina rossica Incertae sedis Mycotribulus mirabilis CPC 13392 Mycotribulus mirabilis CBS 138016 (ex-epitype) Incertae sedis 100 GU727556 “Mollisia incrustata” 76 EU754161 Eleutheromyces sp. CBS 139.90 Eleutheromyces subulatus CBS 113.86 (ex-epitype) Incertae sedis Eleutheromyces subulatus CBS 126.75 Eleutheromyces subulatus CBS 781.83 76 Leotio- 94 KC005811 Collembolispora aristata mycetes KC005812 Collembolispora barbata 100 94 Mastigosporium album CBS 138013 (ex-epitype) Mastigosporium album CPC 22946 EU754203 Pseudorobillarda phragmatis 99 95 FJ825375 Pseudorobillarda siamensis 99 Dothideomycetes 52 KC315869 Cryomyces minteri DQ377882 Saccharata proteae 79 JX681071 Aplosporella prunicola 99 KF766365 Melanops tulasnei 67 61 KF766319 Botryosphaeria dothidea 100 JX646808 Botryosphaeria agaves Incertae sedis Saccharataceae Aplosporellaceae Melanopsaceae Botryosphaeriaceae KF766354 Kellermania uniseptata 100 KF766343 Kellermania anomala Kellermania yuccigena CBS 131727 67 10 changes Incertae sedis FJ825376 Pseudorobillarda sojae Pleosporales Helotiales Eleutheromyces subulatus CBS 127.75 Planistromellaceae Kellermania yuccigena CBS 138015 (ex-epitype) Botryosphaeriales Ascomycota: Pezizomycotina Mycotribulus mirabilis CPC 14168 EU754162 Eleutheromyces sp. CBS 458.88 Kellermania yuccigena CPC 20623 KF766355 Kellermania yuccifoliorum Fig. 1.F  *___ $               ;DE $     F                           F      ‘            Œ                   % '            $                             F         Saccharomyces cerevisiae % ' ’^NNz] 146 IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE AB593723 Immersidiscosia eucalypti DQ534043 Seiridium ceratosporum KF777214 Discosia pseudoartocreas AB593721 Adisciso yakushimense FJ825378 Robillarda sessilis BCC13393 100 KJ710459 Robillarda sessilis CBS 587.71 AB593729 Discostroma stoneae AB593738 Seimatosporium kriegerianum 99 AB593733 Seimatosporium elegans 99 AF382383 Truncatella angustata AF382385 Truncatella laurocerasi Amphisphaeriaceae AF382384 Truncatella conorum-piceae 98 Xylariales Xylariomy100 cetidae DQ278927 Truncatella hartigii 74 AF452047 Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis AF382368 Bartalinia lateripes 66 GU291796 Bartalinia pondoensis 81 Sordariomycetes 100 EU552102 Bartalinia robillardoides CBS 122686 62 Bartalinia robillardoides CBS 122705 (ex-epitype) AF382369 Bartalinia laurina AF382367 Bartalinia bischofiae 100 EU039997 Prosthecium opalus EU039987 Prosthecium pyriforme 92 Crinitospora pulchra CBS 138014 (ex-epitype) Melanconidaceae 85 JX517298 Stilbospora macrosperma 88 95 10 changes AY616229 Prosthecium ellipsosporum JF951160 Diaporthe acaciigena 75 79 AF408368 Mazzantia napelli EU754141 Chaetoconis polygoni 58 91 100 Diaporthaceae AF408350 Diaporthe eres JX069848 Diaporthe canthii JQ706220 Harknessia fusiformis JQ706240 Harknessia rhabdosphaera 68JQ706244 Harknessia weresubiae Harknessiaceae JQ706212 Harknessia ellipsoidea 58 Diaporthales Sordariomycetidae JN712524 Diaporthe leucospermi Coniella cf. fragariae CBS 110394 JX069857 Pilidiella wangiensis 61 64 JQ281777 Pilidiella tibouchinae AY339286 Pilidiella diplodiella 52 67 100 66 AY339287 Pilidiella diplodiopsis AF408391 Pilidiella eucalyptorum Schizoparmaceae AF408336 Coniella australiensis EU754149 Coniella fragariae CBS 167.84 AY339282 Coniella fragariae CBS 172.49 (ex-neotype) EU754150 Coniella fragariae CBS 198.82 Coniella fragariae CBS 183.52 Fig. 1. (Continued). VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 147 et al. ART I CLE  Fig. 2. Bartalinia robillardoides (CBS 122705). A.A   >!#B–D. Section through conidiomatal wall, showing conidiogenous cells. E–G.A  ' X#•zO_™  •*_™ Pestalotia and Hyalotia,          Bartalinia  $                 B. bella, B. terricola, B. begoniae and B. bombacicola?                    #   ˆ Minter (2007) introduced the new species B. goniolimonis from leaf spots of Goniolimon speciosum and provided            F         B. pondoensis, isolated from leaves of Maytenus abbottii  D #  U         jFD  B. laurina, but        ?  | et al. 2010). In spite of Bartalinia        B. robillardoides were reported to produce the anticancer drug  %    ˆ? z__M F       jFD  $       “Bartalinia robillardoides    "A'j % '          Œ      % '  EOOz*_z      A'D *zz]M]U   Leucadendron  D #      *      H         % '  @L]O]^_]      FA?HO_U                                $          $     F     $   % '  /?M_zN_*      D@‚?*_+]U         U  % '  #LQ_ON_*     '\j>*Q*M_U Macrotyloma daltonii#             $                  $              Bartalinia pondoensis, a species described in 2010 and of which the  $                 % '  $  Œ;DE $         % ' U     % '  EOOz*_z      A'D *zz]M]U   Leucadendron  D #            H        % ' #LNMzN]]   '\j>*Q*M_U  148 Macrotyloma daltonii#               $   # % '  #LNMzN]]    the same strain that could be Bartalinia pondoensis, a blast                $      genus but not to the species. Authors: !((  *<= #(>(      Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10: 706 (1892). Synonym:    K. Wells, Mycologia 67: 148 (1975). SynonymyX E         Entomopatella Petr. 1934, Ciliospora Zimm. 1902 and Chaetospermella " *+z+D*+^^ Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidial, innate-erumpent, initially closed, ultimately opening by an irregular split in the apical wall, gelatinous, off white or pearl white when moist, unilocular, with the locule                 U wall heavily gelatinised, of textura intricata to textura oblita. Conidiophores lining the base and part way up the side walls and arising from the innermost elements of the wall, loosely aggregated, sparingly branched and septate at the base, hyaline, smooth, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells discrete, cylindrical to subcylindrical or irregular, hyaline, smooth, bearing a single terminal conidium or an             U                          collarettes absent. Conidia broadly ellipsoidal to cylindrical               U     tubular, not separated from the conidium body by septa, polar IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE Fig. 3. Chaetospermum chaetosporum (CBS 154.59). A.A   D"#B–F. Sections through conidiomata, showing conidiogenous cells. G–I. Conidia. Bars: B = 500 μm, all others = 10 μm.                         ‘        H      Type species: Chaetospermum chaetosporum >  #; Sm. & Ramsb. 1914.          >  #; D ˆ Ramsb., Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 4: 328 (1914). Basionym: Tubercularia chaetospora Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 4: 39 (1888). Synonym: Chaetospermum chaetosporum > /~Mitt. Bot. Inst. Tech. Hochsch. Wien. 1: 87 (1924). L N Caulicolous or foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidioid,         ‘       or subperidermal in origin, innate erumpent, globose to subglobose or hemispherical in sectional view, 400–500 μm diam, closed but dehiscing by an irregular split in the apical wall, pearl white and gelatinous when moist, yellowish brown     U O_™ textura intricata to textura oblita. Conidiophores arising from the inner layer of the cavity, loosely aggregated, sparingly branched VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 and septate at the base, hyaline, smooth, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells discrete, cylindrical to subcylindrical or irregular, hyaline, smooth, bearing a single terminal conidium, (10–)12–21(–27) × 2–4 μm, without holoblastic-sympodial proliferations. Conidia broadly ellipsoidal to cylindrical with obtuse ends, hyaline, smooth, (24–)28–34(–36) × (5–) ]˜+˜*_ ™U     O˜*_        separated from the conidium body by septa, circumpolar to       ‘      H     z_˜zM˜QN˜ON™ Culture characteristicsX A     ‘       z zOšA           Œ?# >!#               ŒŒ#                U       Specimens examined:  X ;H HD   ‚     Poaceae, 1888?, holotype presumed lost. – )= : Ticino, ‘   ;    Œ              Alnus glutinosa, July 1958, A. L. van BeverwijkA'D/H*_*N*˜     ?'F*^Mz]+U   H   A'D *OQO+ – # , : ;        Cordia myxa, S. Ahmed (CBS /H*_*Nz A'D]*z^O 149 ART I CLE  Notes: Chaetospermum was introduced by Saccardo (1892) to accommodate Tubercularia chaetospora, a species described previously by Patouillard (1888) from decaying grass, using the name C. tubercularioides, which was changed to C. chaetosporum by Smith & Ramsbottom (1914) following the International rules of nomenclature, which is currently used for the type species of the genus. Pestalozziella ambigua from stems of Artemisa was described by von /~ *+_^, with similar conidia to those of Tubercularia chaetospora. ;                  H    /~  *+zQ "  \ 7 *++N reviewed the genus considering C. gelatinosum a synonym of Mastigonema gelatinosum and C. carneum a nomem dubium. \ 7  et al. (2010) proposed the new species Chaetospermum setosum, isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica in India, and considered C. indicum as a synonym of C. chaetospermum. F            for the genus. The genus Chaetospermum (incertae sedis, Sebacinales) presently contains eight species. Other than Chaetospermum chaetosporum  $                           this species, or the genus Chaetospermum#      developmental study of C. chaetospermum was published by L  *+]_  D*+^^        " \ 7*++N         The phylogeny of Chaetospermum     \7    et al z__M    ;DE  DDE  $     Chaetospermum could be located in basidiomycetes, since two species of the genus, C. camelliae and C. artocarpi, were phylogenetically related with members of Sebacinaceae (Sebacinales, Agaricomycetes). Unfortunately, the type species of Chaetospermum was not included in that study. Our study revealed that the type species of the genus is a member of Sebacinales, which agrees with \7    et al. (2008), Wells & Bandoni (2001) and @   ˆ Œ    z__+ L          presence of a Chaetospermum morph in cultures of the basidiomycete      (Wells & Bandoni 2001), and of conidia of Chaetospermum gossypinum together with basidiospores of                 @   ˆ Œ    z__+ #                  typical of Sebacinales such as dolipore septa with continuous parenthesomes in specimens of C. chaetosporum. F jFD $    E. albescens (type species of the genus   #LNMQM]_+M+Ž    with CBS 154.59 (neotype of C. chaetosporum), suggesting that they are congeneric, and that Chaetospermum (1892) should have preference over   (1975) (Wells 1975). Authors: !((  *<= #(>(    /~Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 36: 316 (1918). Synomym: Cyclodomella Mathur et al., Sydowia 13: 144 (1959). Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed to semi-immersed, unilocular, glabrous, ostiolate, 150 et al.           textura angularis             H   textura prismatica                                   textura angularis                  U    central, circular or oval, often situated in a conical or rostrate   Conidiophores mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, occasionally septate and branched at the base, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells discrete, cylindrical, subcylindrical, obclavate or lageniform, hyaline, smoothwalled, proliferating percurrently, or with visible periclinal     Conidia ellipsoid, globose, napiform, fusiform or naviculate with a truncate base and an obtuse to apiculate        H    H        brown to brown, sometimes with a longitudinal germ-slit, with                 base on one side of the conidium. Spermatophores formed in same conidioma, hyaline, smooth, 1-septate with several apical conidiogenous cells, or reduced to conidiogenous cells. Spermatogenous cells cells hyaline, smooth, lageniform                        Spermatia hyaline, smooth, red-shaped with rounded ends. Type species: Coniella fragariae (Oudem.) B. Sutton 1977 (syn. Coniella pulchella/~*+*M        (Oudem.) B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 141: 47 (1977). Basionym: Coniothyrium fragariae Oudem., Versl. Meded. Ned. K. Akad. Wet., ser. 2, 18: 37 (1883). Synonyms: Clisosporium fragariae Œ  @|  Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 458 (1898). Coniella pulchella/~Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 36: 316 (1918). Cyclodomella nigra >" ?   et al., Sydowia 13: 145 (1959). L Q Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to depressed, 250–500 μm                               U    *_˜O_ ™  U z_˜N_™   N˜]     to medium brown textura angularisU        basal, central cushion of hyaline cells that give rise to hyaline conidiophores. Conidiophores densely aggregated, slender,         $         conidiogenous cells, or with 1–2 supporting cells, 15–30 × (2–) 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells simple, tapering, hyaline, smooth, *z˜*Q˜*M˜z_£N˜Q™*˜*O™                           rarely with percurrent proliferation. Conidia ellipsoid, apices tapering, subobtusely rounded, tapering from middle towards a narrowly truncate base, medium brown, multi-guttulate when      *˜z                           $                        germ slit visible in older conidia, and mucous appendages also         U           along the length of the conidium, 7–12.5 × (4–)6–8(–10) μm. Spermatia also observed in some cultures, cylindrical, hyaline, straight with obtuse ends, 4–5 × 1–1.5 μm. IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE Fig. 4. Coniella fragariae (CBS 172.49). A. A      >!# B–C. Sections through conidiomata. D–E. Conidiogenous cells. F. A  ' X#˜'•O__™  •*_™ Culture characteristicsX A   ?# ‘        surface, and pale luteous in reverse, reaching 60 mm after z zO¤A                     >!# Œ# Specimens examined: + : ;    #     stem base of Fragaria  #  *+Q+ A. Jaarsveld (CBS /H*_]+^      for Coniothyrium fragariae, ?'F*^Mz^_U  H  A'D*^zQ+•A>AN+N_U  Tamarix sp., S. de Boer A'D /H*_+N]   A'D *MNOz –  : Chancay, S-W of Tours, from soil sample, 1981, G. Bollen A'D /H*_^zN   A'D *+MMz ˜  : D  @~       , Sept. 1916, W. Krieger L/ ˜    Coniella pulchellaU    H  Kj"L? zQ_MU %      Vitis vinifera, 1983, A. von TiedemannA'D/H*_]++ A'D*]^MQ˜Peru: j$  from soil of rain forest, M. Christensen (CBS 110394). Notes: We have been unable to trace any original material of Coniothyrium fragariaeF "   Fragaria vesca, 1883A#‚Œ                              F     C. fragariae                  "  et al. 2004). The genus Coniella currently includes about 30 species (Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales), many of which are soil     H           of a diverse range of hosts such as Fragaria spp., Ananas comosus, Pinus patula, Rosa spp., Pisum spp. (Sutton 1980,   "   et al. 2004, Miranda et al. 2012). The genus     /~ *+*M       C. pulchella, described from Paeonia   >   ˆ Sydow (1927) split Coniella into two subgenera: Euconiella VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 and Pseudoconiella. The former included C. pulchella and C. diplodiella and the latter comprised C. granati (Sutton 1969). The genera Anthasthoopa and Cyclodomella were proposed for A. simba and C. nigra    U     species occurring on pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and the second one isolated from soil (Subramanian & \     *+O] ?   ˆ F     *+O+ >   *+]_              concluded that Cyclodomella nigra is a cultural variant of Coniella diplodiella. ;   D *+]+     genera, Anthasthoopa and Cyclodomella, as synonymys of Coniella. Coniella pulchella was considered a synonym of C. fragariae D*+M_   " \ 7*++N who treated the genus Pilidiella as a synonym of Coniella. /    #  # *+^N # *+M* treated Coniella and Pilidiella as separate genera, the            Pilidiella by hyaline conidia becoming pale brown with age. Molecular           #  #  *+^N  #  *+M*           are different. Pilidiella presently contains species with pigmented, as well as hyaline conidia, and Schizoparme      Coniella       brown conidia. Rossman et al. (2007) introduced the family name Schizoparmaceae (Diaporthales) to accommodate these genera. Œ                Coniella fragariae (CBS 110394), was revealed to belong to a different      ;DE $  L * Authors: !((  *<= #(>(  151 et al. ART I CLE  Fig. 5. Crinitospora pulchra (CBS 138014). A. A      ?# B–E. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. F–G. Conidia. ' X#•N__™  •*_™     B. D ˆ #  Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 84: 439 (1985).           ‘   O_ ™ U conidia turn brown at germination in culture. Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata stromatic,              H    U basal stroma of textura angularis to textura globulosa. Conidiophores arising from the uppermost cells of basal and parietal tissue, unbranched, septate at only the base, hyaline, smooth, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells discrete or integrated, cylindrical to lageniform, hyaline, smooth  U                  Conidia                            H                 ‘        Culture characteristics: Colonies reaching 40 mm diam after 2  zOšA‘                    Œ ?#           with patches of buff, reverse reverse olivaceous grey in centre,        ŒŒ#       Œ >!#                    developing yellow concentric rings in older cultures. Specimen examined:    : Queensland, Bowen, on branches of Mangifera indica *M !  *+M_ I.F. Muirhead (IMI 259110 – holotype). –   : on branches of M. indica, 2012, T. Trakunyingcharoen A'D /Hz*^z+ ˜    , ?'F*^Mz^*UA>AzzM_^•A'D*NM_*Q˜  H    Type species: Crinitospora pulchra'Dˆ# *+MO        ' D ˆ#  Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 84: 439 (1985). L O Caulicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, acervuloid separate, immersed to erumpent, 200–300 μm high, 300–500 μm wide, brown, opening by irregular rupture with yellow conidial           U           pale brown textura angularis to globulosa. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, 1–2-septate, unbranched, subcylindrical, to 50 μm long. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical to lageniform, hyaline, smooth, 8–25 × 3–6 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, ellipsoid, with               N˜O ™   medianly 1–septate, rarely 0–2-septate, (20–)30–35(–40) × (10–)15–17(–20) μm, with 4–10 apical appendages, tubular, 152 Notes: The genus Crinitospora (Melanconidaceae, Diaporthales)             The fungus was initially collected from twigs of Mangifera indica #  Dˆ# *+MOU    F   studied here, also on M. indica, represents the second report of  #    M. indica, not much is       Authors: #(>(  ( ,    ?   L  Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Naturk. 23–24X*MN*M^_¥€*M]+¦ SynonymyX E         Eleutheromycella /~*+_M Eleutheris Clem. & Shear *+N*" \ 7*++N IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE Fig. 6. Eleutheromyces subulatus (CBS 113.86). A.A   Œ#B–F. Conidiophores giving rise to conidia. G. Smaller conidia of     EleutheromycesA'D*N++_' X#•zO_™  •*_™ Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata pycnidial, conical to cornute, gelatinous, translucent yellowish or              ostiolate, wall of textura angularis; ostiole central, circular. Conidiophores arising all around the cavity of the conidioma, cylindrical, branched mostly at the base, septate, hyaline, smooth, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells integrated with the conidiogenous loci immediately below the septa,     H                    Conidia aseptate, lenticular to fusiform, hyaline, H  U                          U       developing before the conidium body. Type species: Eleutheromyces subulatus F L *M^_ ?        F  L  Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23–24: 183 (1870) ¥€*M]+¦ Basionym: Sphaeronaema subulatum Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. 2XQQ*^+_XL Syst. mycol. 2: 536 (1823). L ] L . Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered to densely               long conical or cornute, 100–250 μm diam, 150–500 μm high, unilocular, glabrous, gelatinous, translucent, yellowish        U QO™    textura angularis,    H           U      Conidiophores lining the cavity of the conidioma, cylindrical, branched mostly at the base, septate, often variously curved, hyaline, smooth, to 60 μm long, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, integrated, hyaline, smooth, 5.5–13 × 2.5–4 μm. Conidia VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 ellipsoidal or lenticular, aseptate, hyaline, 4.5–7 × 2–4 μm (av. 6 × 2 μm), one appendage at each end delimited by a  U          U        z˜O™U      *˜N™ Culture characteristicsXA ‘     Q_    z zOšA         Œ?#  **˜NN  * surface and reverse dirty white to peach or coral with honey  ŒŒ#   Q_˜QO  *U        ‘          Specimens examined:    : Alberta: \HA    L  from decaying Russulaceae, Sep. 1986, L. Sigler (culture CBS 139.90 • E#?/ OOz+ ˜   ?     A`  ?F%  ; §            Œ*+^QH.A. van der Aa A'D*z]^OU\   ' q              Œ *+^Q H.A. van der Aa A'D /H*zNQM /H*zNQ+ /H*zNO_ /H*zNO*  /H*zNOzU   A'D *z^^O ˜ ):        ¥L  D    D    NzO¦ E>D ˜   ?'F*^Mz^zU ;     agaric, Sep. 1985, K.A. SeifertA'D/H*zNOO˜  here?'F*^MzM_UA'D**NM]•E#?/O]^*˜  H    – UK: Argyllshire: Struan Wood, from Trametes zonata, Sept. 1983, W. Gams (culture CBS 781.83). Notes: The genus Eleutheromyces (incertae sedis, Helotiales) presently contains two species that are fungicolous, growing   F        " #     #Hyphozyma         for E. subulatus by Sigler (1990), while Tsuneda et al. (1997)                   Lentinula edodes. Two cultures listed in the CBS collection as E. subulatus (CBS 458.88 and CBS 139.90) were found to be 153 ART I CLE               L  * ˆ ]            /         ;DE  $        €Mollisia incrustata % '  %E^z^OO]U       $      appear to be congeneric with other Mollisia  $    % '                            Mollisia (LeotiomycetesU HelotialesU Dermateaceae                                        $  similarity to both Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes and therefore this genus is treated here as incertae sedis. It  $                              "A'j % '      database. Authors: !((  *<= #(>(     ˆ J. Mycol. 1: 153 (1885). Synonyms: Piptarthron ?  /~ Hedwigia: 60: 203 (1918). AlpakesaD ˆ@\   J. Indian Bot. Soc. 33: 204 (1954). Planistroma#K\   Mycotaxon 42: 69 (1991). Planistromella#K\   Mycotaxon 47: 260 (1993). Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata pycnidial,         U      textura angularis, cells  H         layers, and of textura prismatica, cells thin-walled, hyaline in the inners layers, with columnar, thin-walled, colourless          U           H papillate. Conidiophores lining the cavity of the conidioma, reduced to conidiogenous cells, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells          X   producing macroconidia, lining most of the conidiomatal                  U                      around the ostiole, ampulliform to broadly ampulliform, hyaline, smooth. Conidiogenesis ontogeny holoblastic by    H                H      $   U          H        U            U    | U proliferation usually absent, when present enteroblasticpercurrent to produce an additional conidium at a higher   U                       U        cells absents. Macroconidia cylindrical to narrowly clavate with a truncate base, unicellular or euseptate, hyaline,  H   U                                     ‘ Microconidia cylindrical to ellipsoidal or irregular with a rounded or blunt                     unicellular, hyaline, smooth. Type species: Kellermania yuccigena ˆ *MMO 154 et al.      ˆ J. Mycol. 1(12): *OQ*MMOU ¨yuccaegena’. Synonym: Planistromella uniseptata #K Mycotaxon 47: 267 (1993). L ^ \    L  !              Œ# Conidiomata                N__™ U M˜*_  brown textura angularisU    H    z_ ™          Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, (10–15 (–25) × 5–7(–25) μm (shorter on host material, to 12 μm in length, and 6 μm in width), proliferating percurrently at             Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, cylindrical, 1-septate (submedian), (35–)40–50(–62) × (9–)10–12(–14) μm    Œ#   U                          Œ#       zz˜Nz™U        with a minute marginal frill, 1 μm long. Microconidia observed in culture, forming in same conidioma, hyaline,                   base truncate, 6–20 × 4–6 μm. Culture characteristicsX A     ‘    O_   z zOšA   ‘           Œ?#           Œ#       U>!# surface and reverse dirty white. Specimens examined: USA: Kansas: Riley Co., Manhattan, on leaves of Yucca angustifolia, 5 June 1885, W.A. Kellerman 753 "˜ K. yuccigenaU'>jN^QQ]N˜  UNew Mexico: A   A    N_z_O  ED /   NM_         ?, 24 Oct. 1993, A.W. Ramaley#\NQ^_•A'D *N*^z^U     \     #K\ +NzO '>j MMzMzM ˜     >!#U New Mexico: Soccoro County, west side of US /  zO  *_OQ  Yucca elata,*z# *++zA.W. Ramaley 9217 (UC 1475102 – holotype of P. uniseptataUCalifornia: K A \'  %  *OOz'  \    of Yucca rostrata, 20 Mar. 2012, P.W. CrousA'D/Hz*^N_˜  of K. yuccigena?'F*^MzM*U  H    CPC 20627 = CBS 138015, CPC 20623). Notes: The genus Kellermania (Planistromataceae, BotryosphaerialesU D   et al. 2013) presently includes around 40 species, many of which were recently included in phylogenetic studies (Minnis et al. 2012, Crous et al. 2013). # D *+M_    Alpakesa, Kellermania, and Piptarthron         "  \ 7 *++N reduced Alpakesa to synonymy under Kellermania. Minnis et al. z_*z                   group, and reduced all these genera to synonymy under Kellermania, supporting the view of Crous et al. (2012) that                    value to separate genera in coelomycetes, and should rather       H      "                 Planistroma, IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE Fig. 7. Kellermania yuccigena #˜! j • A'D *N*^z^   • A'D *NM_*O A. A      Œ# B. Section through conidioma showing conidiogenous cells. C–F. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. G–J.A  ' X#˜'•N__™  •*_™ Planistromella), were combined into Kellermania by Minnis et al. (2012). Authors: #(>(  !((  *<=     ‘            Conidia solitary, subcylindric, broadly ellipsoid-fusiform, euseptate, hyaline,                             H        U      |  $     Riess, Beitr. Mykol. 2: 56 (1852). Sexual morphX SynonymyX E         Amastigosporium Bond.-Mont. and Amastigis Clem. & Shear 1931 (Braun 1995). Type species: Mastigosporium album Riess 1852. Current generic circumscription: Graminicolous, causing leaf spots. Colonies amphigenous, whitish, subeffuse to dense. Mycelium internal, hyphae inter- and intracellular, hyaline, septate, sparsely branched, narrow. Conidiophores usually reduced to a single conidiogenous cell, solitary or loosely grouped, occasionally subfasciculate, arising from internal hyphae by the formation of a narrow penetration hypha which perforates the outer epidermal wall and cuticle and                conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenesis monoblastic, determinate to polyblastic, proliferation percurrent, inconspicuously    U                 L M VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 $       Riess, Beitr. Mykol. 2: 56 (1852). Leaf spots amphigenous, pale brown, subcircular, up to 5 mm diam, containing creamy sporodochia. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, branched, septate, 2–3 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores smooth, hyaline, subcylindrical, *˜NH        ‘       brown stroma, 20–70 × 5–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, smooth, hyaline, proliferating        *O˜zO£O˜^™Conidia solitary, obclavate to fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, guttulate, straight, 3–5 transversely euseptate, constricted at septa, hyaline but 155 et al. ART I CLE  Fig. 8. Mastigosporium album (CPC 22946). A.A      >"#B–D. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. E–G. Conidia with            ' X#•N__™  •*_™ appearing olivaceous with age, widest in second cell from base, hilum truncate, 3–7 μm diam, with minute marginal frill, (48–) 55–65(–70) × (10–)12–15(–17) μm. Conidia containing several cellular appendages that are hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,      #             end, 20–120 × 2–3 μm, with 1–3 lateral branches, or branching  ‘            U                    ;      *˜z                 Q_˜*__™_˜NH    Culture characteristics: Colonies slow-growing, reaching *_      z   zO šA                 Œ?#  >!#            Œ Œ#         ochreous, diffuse pigment. Specimens examined:  : near Kassel, on Alopecurus pratensis *MOz\ ¥@|/ q   *^OM¦/#; – lectotype, designated in Braun 1995: 261). – The " : E  \ 7    A. pratensis, May 2013, U. Damm (CBS /Hz*^N* ˜     ?'F*^MzMzU   H epitype CPC 22945 = CBS 138013, CPC 22946). Notes: The genus Mastigosporium (Helotiales) has around *_                    degree of host specialisation. Species of the genus are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of Poaceae. The type species, M. album          species, occurring commonly in temperate regions, but also   #  j       Alopecurus (Braun 1995). Authors: !((  *<=&@(! & #(>( 156  $    " \ 7ˆK'@  Canad. J. Bot. 48: 2219 (1970). Current generic circumscription: Conidiomata pycnidioid,                              by an irregular rupture in the apical wall and overlying host   U    textura angularis,    H    brown in the outer layers, thin walled and colourless in the inner layers. Conidiophores intermingled with paraphyses, arising from the inner layer of cells of the wall all around the cavity of the conidioma, branched or unbranched and septate at the base, colourless, smooth, invested in mucus. Paraphyses           septate, colourless, smooth, narrow at the base, broad and              Conidiogenous cells discrete, subcylindrical to obclavate, colourless, smooth. Conidiogenesis holoblastic, maturation by diffuse wall           U            U    |                        cells absent. Conidia naviculate to fusiform with a truncate                  U        U           ‘              U       z˜QU           conidium base. Type species: Mycotribulus mirabilis" \ 7ˆK'@   1970. $      "  \ 7 ˆ K' @   Canad. J. Bot. 48: 2219 (1970). L + IMA FUNGUS The Genera of Fungi ART I CLE Fig. 9. Mycotribulus mirabilis (CBS 138016). A. Conidiomata on Eucalyptus leaf in vivo. B.A      >!#C–D. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. E–G.A  ' X#•N__™'•zO_™  •*_™ #           Eucalyptus spp. Conidiomata                          U      zO_ ™     N__ ™ high, unilocular, often irregularly lobed, opening by irregular         z_˜N_ ™     textura angularis, becoming hyaline towards centrum. Paraphyses          *O˜*__£*˜N™U       Conidiophores 0–2-septate, unbranched or branched below, 10–20 × 3–4 μm, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, terminal and lateral, hyaline, smooth, 8–17 × 1.5–2.5 μm. Conidia naviculate to fusiform, tapering to acutely rounded                  +˜ 13–15(–18) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) μm, bearing a single tubular,    ‘         ^˜*z ™ U   appendages (2–5) lateral, slightly above truncate base,       ‘ M˜*z™ Notes: The genus Mycotribulus is one of the few                Basidiomycota (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales     \7    et al. 2008) and is presently monotypic. Isolates are commonly associated with Eucalyptus, but the species can also occur on other hosts such as Apodytes abbottii, Mangifera indica and Syzygium cordatum A  *++N ?  | et al. z_*_F ;DE $   Mycotribulus from Eucalyptus pellita × brassiana in Indonesia (this study) and E. camaldulensis F  'AA*NNQ*% '     LOM+^Q_\7   et al. 2008), respectively, differed    ;DE  $     M. mirabilis L  *    represent a second Mycotribulus species. Unfortunately no jFD $  'AA*NNQ*        Culture characteristicsXA   ‘   OO    z zOšA            ŒŒ#?# >!#        buff to dirty white. "W>*?!?$?") Specimens examined: % : Karnataka State: Balehonnur, Coffee Research Station, on rotting leaves of Eucalyptus*z"*+]N T.R. Nag Raj@?j?j*zM_Q*˜ U!#Œ?*zQM*^˜   – Q=  : Caracas: on leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulgensis, 4 Oct. 2006,     (cultures CPC 13390–13392). – China: Guangdong: on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla, 18 Jun. 2007, C. Mai & X. ZhaoA'D/Hz*^Nz˜ ?'F*^MzMNU   H   A>A*Q*]^•A'D*NM_*]A>A*Q*]M VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 Authors: #(>  !((  *<= K            #    j    ? 7  q          ?   D HK    !"#          $               F    F                 \  %  ‚   >! >    %  " >/!‹_NON‹zOOz # 7   %  ;} |                 D  ?    {   A        A%; z_**Hz^*MO A  ; D  '  \            j   \  >   "j/"   ; ?     157  ART I CLE REFERENCES #   Fq ?   FK z__^ "      Bartalinia and Septoriella    #  ?  \  Mycotaxon 101: 297–313. # ‚#*+^NA     D   '   !  >   \   *+^z Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde 61: 59–81. # ‚#*+M*The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. 3rd q |X‚A   #   ?? %   /   K   ‚/A q   %‚? A >Kz_*_/   DidymellaceaeX#   approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera. Studies in Mycology 65: 1–60. Braun U (1995) A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes)q* Xj/KH Verlag. A  >D  A/  \ #D  %‚z_** !       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