Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Acad J Biosci ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) | ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Journal homepage: https://saspublishers.com Biodiversity, Conservation Biology and Botany Using Endemic Rubiaceae of the Lower Guinea Domain to Locate the Priority Sites1* for Conservation in Cameroon 1 1 Hermann Taedoumg , Louis-Paul Roger Kabelong Banoho , Nicole Liliane Maffo Maffo 1 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2021.v09i03.003 | Received: 07.02.2021 | Accepted: 15.03.2021 | Published: 20.03.2021 *Corresponding author: Hermann Taedoumg Abstract Original Research Article From herbarium specimens and literature review of Rubiaceae, we established a list of 387 endemic taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) from Lower Guinea Domain, with 288 present in Cameroon. Two hundred and three taxa having specimens from BM, BR, BRLU, P, K, MO, SCA, WAG, and YA were taken into account in our analyses. The specific diversity was determined by counting the number of species per grid square with Arc view 3.3. The distribution maps are obtained by projecting the coordinates of collecting sites on map of Cameroon. It appears that there are several hotspots of Rubiaceae in Cameroun. Four principal zones are distinguished: Mount Cameroon area (86 taxa), Kupe and Bakossi area (66 taxa), Bipindi-Akom II area (68 taxa), and Yaounde and its surroundings (28 taxa). The most significant factor to explain the endemism and the specific richness of Rubiaceae in Cameroun is altitude. The high precipitation and the continental gradient also play an important role in explaining this richness. The confinement of endemic Rubiaceae in Atlantic forests seems to be an argument in favor of this hypothesis. The area around Yaoundé and the massifs around Bipindi have no conservation status. Both areas are under permanent threat from logging and slash-and-burn agriculture and from ever-increasing population pressures. There is an urgent need for conservation measures to be taken to protect these forests, the importance of which is highlighted in this study. Yaounde is a large urban agglomeration and the easily accessible hills could be, in the medium term, financially viable through ecotourism. Keywords: Rubiaceae, Distribution, Specific richness, Endemism, Lower Guinea Domain, Cameroon. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION The conclusions of the 1992 United Nations Conference in Rio de Janeiro state that biodiversity refers to the variability of living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. Biodiversity is therefore the basis for the proper functioning of ecosystems that provide essential goods and services for human subsistence. Natural resources have always been used to meet the primary needs of communities, not only to provide food, fuelwood, and building materials, but also to enable the economic (small- and large-scale), social, and cultural development of peoples [1]. Areas teeming with rich biodiversity generally tend to blend in with those with some of the world's poorest populations [2]. With an area of over 2,000,000 km2, the forests of Central Africa is, after the Amazon, the second largest forest on our planet [3]. The forests present in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon constitute about 20% of this large forest complex. Although it represents large areas, this forest resource is now more threatened than ever by human activities (industrial plantations, industrial logging) and galloping demography. Tropical forest conservation is currently a major issue; any research to protect significant areas from deforestation is justified. Conservation requires an understanding of the historical processes of vegetation establishment and evolution, as the maintenance of specific and genetic diversity certainly depends on the latter factors. The location of forest refuges is an important tool in this regard. The location of forest refuges is an important tool in this regard. Indeed, these refuges constitute areas where lowland and mountain forests have been maintained during past climatic changes, in particular, the last ice ages (18,000 years ago); this has favored the development of a certain endemism [4]. Studies conducted in Africa on Begonia [5-7] have shown that these refuges constitute sites with a very high specific richness and endemism rate. The development of a method based on the study of indicator species allowing the location of sites with high biodiversity without carrying out exhaustive inventories would be welcome. Citation: Hermann Taedoumg et al, Using Endemic Rubiaceae of the Lower Guinea Domain to Locate the Priority Sites for Conservation in Cameroon. Sch Acad J Biosci, 2021 Mar 9(3): 68-83. 68 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 Rubiaceae family includes about 650 genera and nearly 13,100 species [8], placing it, after the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Fabaceae, among the largest families of Angiosperms. The most famous and economically valuable genus of the family is Coffea L. Coffee is the most traded product in the world after oil [8]. Other economically important Rubiaceae include Cinchona officinalis L. (quinine), Pausinystalia johimbe (K. Schum.) Pierre (yohimbine, aphrodisiac), Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & T. Durand) Merr. (Bilinga, timber), species of Genipa L. (genipapo, beverage), Calycophyllum DC. (lumber) and Gardenia J. Ellis (perfume). The family also contains some of the most beautiful tropical ornamental plants (Ixora L., Gardenia L., Mussaenda L.). Rubiaceae is a cosmopolitan family; it is a tree, shrub, vine or herbaceous plant widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Most representatives of the family are located in tropical and subtropical regions. Rubiaceae are present in all vegetation strata and can sometimes represent up to 50% of the total understory biomass, thus playing an important ecological role at all levels [9]. The Rubiaceae of temperate regions are exclusively herbaceous and the number of species in the family is limited. This vast and taxonomically complex family has aroused a growing interest in the last few decades, initiated by the publication of "Tropical Woody Rubiaceae" [10]. This pioneering text gives an overview of the characters (mainly morphological and anatomical, but also biological and chorological) of the tropical woody Rubiaceae, proposes a classification of the group, draws up an inventory of the gaps in knowledge of the family at the time and suggests avenues for future taxonomic research. The present contribution is part of the research on Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae undertaken to study the diversity and distribution of Rubiaceae endemic to the Guinean-Congolian region in Cameroon [11]. The objective is to locate sites with high diversity and endemism rates for Rubiaceae. These sites can therefore be prioritized for protection in order to conserve biodiversity as effectively as possible. This localization is, in our opinion, the first step in the conservation effort. More specifically, the objectives of this paper are (i) to constitute a database of the Rubiaceae of the LGD including all the taxa of this zone, using the available herbarium specimens, the geographical distribution, the ecological data (altitude, habitat), (ii) to establish a general distribution map of the species present in Cameroon and finally (iii) to recommend sites that can be prioritized in conservation actions in Cameroon. The Guinean-Congolian region is subdivided into 3 domains. The Upper Guinean Domain, the Lower Guinean Domain (LGD) and the Congolese Domain. The LGD is the region that encompasses southeastern Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, the enclave of Cabinda, the islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Bioko, Annobon, Sao Tome and Principe), and the southern part of Cameroon [12]. MATERIAL ET METHODS This study is based on the examination of herbarium specimens available at the Yaoundé National Herbarium (YA), the Limbe Botanical Garden (SCA) herbarium as well as those collected during our field trips. In addition, samples from BM, BR, BRLU, K, P, and WAG were also included, abbreviations follow Holmgren et al., [13]. In total 2364 herbaria specimens were considered in this work. Data used to set the list of endemic Rubiaceae of the LGD were obtained from several sources: (i) the "World Checklist" of Rubiaceae available on the Kew Botanical Garden Herbarium website; (ii) examination of herbarium samples collected in Cameroon and available at BM, BR, BRLU, K, MO, P, SCA, WAG, and YA; (iii) the bibliography on the Rubiaceae family in Africa and Cameroon; (iv) the Rubiaceae section of the Mount Cameroon Plant Checklists [14], Mount Oku [15], Mount Kupe [16] and Bali Nguemba [17]. Two hundred and three taxa are included in the analyses for Cameroon, as they have samples present in the herbaria mentioned above. It should be noted however, that only samples from YA and SCA were examined and databased, i.e. 1051 specimens. The habitats of each species where were collected. A species reported several times and exclusively in the same environment is said to be exclusive of this habitat. The information comes from the herbarium sheets and from our field observations. The distribution maps were obtained by georeferencing the collection sites and exporting them to Arc View 3.3. Specimens with lacking geographic coordinates (on the herbarium sheets), are georeferenced from gazetter 60 [18]. Species richness reflects the number of taxa present in a given grid cell. Cameroon was divided into grids of different sizes (0.5 degree and 1 degree square). These grids are established with "Mila Utilities 3.2" and "Geoprocessing" extensions of Arc View 3.3. Calculation of the number of species and genera present in each grid was done with the extension "Counts Points in Polygon". RESULTS ENDEMISM AND SPECIFIC RICHNESS OF THE LOWER GUINEA DOMAIN Three hundred and eighty-two taxa (species, subspecies, variety) from 63 genera are endemic to the LGD. With 288 taxa from 46 genera, Cameroon is the center of diversity of Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD (Table-1). © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 69 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 Table-1 Number of taxa endemic or present in each LGD country Endemic species of the DBG Species strictly endemic to the country Country Area (km2) Number of Number of taxa Number of Percentage of taxa /100 km2 taxa total (%) Cameroun 475 440 288 0,06 149 51,73 Gabon 267 670 158 0,05 62 39,24 Congo 342 000 18 0,005 3 16,66 Equatorial Guinea 26 000 31 0,11 3 9,67 Nigeria 923 770 63 0,006 1 0,01 Cabinda 7 270 20 0,27 5 25,00 Islands of the Gulf of Guinea 964 38 3,94 10 26,31 To better appreciate the floristic similarity between Cameroon and the other LGD countries, species were divided into four categories (Fig-1):  1st category: species common between Cameroon and each of the countries of the LGD considered;  2nd category: species absent from Cameroon and present in each of the countries considered;  3rd category: species present in Cameroon and absent from the LGD country considered;  4th category: species absent from Cameroon and from each of the countries considered. Rubiaceae Endemic to the LGD are reported from Gabon with 158 taxa, followed by Nigeria with 63 taxa, the Gulf of Guinea countries with 38 taxa, Equatorial Guinea with 31 taxa, the Cabinda enclave with 20 taxa and finally Congo with 18 taxa. The number of genera per country follows almost the same trend. Meaning that, the number of genera decreases from Cameroon to Congo, passing through Gabon, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, the Gulf of Guinea islands and Cabinda. 300 Nbre d'espèces 250 200 150 100 Commun Non Camer 50 Camer 0 Gab Nig G Eq Cab Con Ggi Non commun Fig-1: Specific similarities between Cameroon and each country of the Lower Guinea Domain (Gab = Gabon, Con = Congo, GEq = Equatorial Guinea, Cab = Cabinda, Nig = Nigeria, Ggi = the Gulf of Guinea countries, commun: species present in both countries; non camer: species absent from Cameroon, but present in the country; Camer: species present in Cameroon, but absent from the country; non commun: species absent in Cameroon and in the country) Cameroon, while Nigeria has only one, Sabicea urceolata. Congo and Cabinda have the fewest species in common with Cameroon, 13 and 9 species respectively. Equatorial Guinea, which shares a border with Cameroon, has a low floristic similarity with this country. However, we should expect a higher similarity close to what is observed for Nigeria and Gabon. Gabon and Nigeria share 82 and 64 species with Cameroon respectively, while the others, including Equatorial Guinea, share less than 27 species with Cameroon. Similarly, Gabon has 73 species absent from In terms of strict endemics, Cameroon and Gabon, with 149 and 62 species respectively, have the highest number of species (Table-1). There are no LGD species strictly endemic to Nigeria. The number of © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 70 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 endemic LGD species present in each country is also high in Cameroon and Gabon. With the exception of Pavetta owariensis var. glaucescens, and Sherbounia hapalophylla var. hapalophylla, no species covers the entire LGD. Aulacocalyx caudata, Mussaenda polita, Pauridiantha canthiifolia, Pausinistalya johimbe and Vangueriella chlorantha occur in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. These four countries share the coastline that forms a continuum from Nigeria to Equatorial Guinea. Sabicea urceolata is the only LGD species strictly endemic to Nigeria. At the generic level, Psychotria and Pavetta, with respectively 60 and 45 species, represent about 27% of the total number of endemic Rubiaceae species of the LGD. All the species of the genus Coffea endemic to the LGD are present only in Cameroon and Gabon, the same is true for the genus Gaertnera. RUBIACEAE ENDEMIC TO THE LOWER GUINEA DOMIN PRESENT IN CAMEROON Ecology of species Specimens were collected from a wide variety of habitats. However, Rubiaceae seem to prefer certain ecological environments. This is the case in particular of zones with high humidity and high altitude zones (Table-2). This observation has already been made by Nguembou [19] and Beina [20] who report the presence of most Rubiaceae, especially Hedyotideae, in humid areas. The submontane forests present the greatest number of exclusive taxa (Rothmannia ebamutensis, Coffea fotsoana, Chassalia laikomensis...). Table-2: Habitats and exclusive species. Number of Exclusive species species Secondary roadside vegetation 27 Sabicea gabonica in forests Wetlands (stream banks, 91 Belonophora ongensis, Bertiera elabensis, Bertiera rosseeliana, Ixora wetlands, forest galleries) euosmia, Tricalysia lasiodelphys, Virectaria angustifolia, Sherbounia buccularia. Forest edge 7 None Degraded forest undergrowth 12 None Shaded forest undergrowth 43 None Submontane and montane 61 Alacocalyx camerouniana, Aulacocalyx mapiana, Chassalia laikomensis, Coffea montekupensis, Ixora foliosa, Psychotria foliosa, Rothmannia ebamutensis, Coffea fotsoana, Pavetta hookeriana var. hookeriana, Sabicea urbania Ruderal areas and crops 33 Bertiera arctistipula Forest on volcanic soil 27 None Lighted forest 17 None Habitats Distribution and species richness of endemics present in Cameroon A total of 2 364 georeferenced herbarium specimens were included in the mapping. Several maps were elaborated in this work: a topographic map of Cameroon obtained by the MTN (Digital Terrain Model) (Fig-2). This map also mentions the main peaks of Cameroon and some of the most reported localities in the herbarium sheets; a general distribution map of Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD in Cameroon (Fig-3); two maps showing the species richness made with 0.5 degree (Fig-4) and 1 degree (Fig-5) grids, allow us to highlight the points of high species richness. It should be noted that for lack of precise information on thier distribution, certain specimens or even certain species were not taken into account in the cartography; it is about Pavetta longistyla, Tricalysia fangana and Trichostachys interrupta. © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 71 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 Fig-2: Topographic map of Cameroon Fig-3: General distribution of Rubiaceae of the LGD present in Cameroon © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 72 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 Fig-4: Species richness (0.5x0.5 degree grid cell) (numbers in the grid cells represent the number of species present) The map with the 0.5 degree grid (Fig-4) shows quite clearly that medium and high altitude zones are the richest in endemic Rubiaceae. Four main zones stand out. One zone in Mount Cameroon (86 species), one in the Kupe and Bakossi Mountains (66 species), one in Bipindi and its surroundings (68 species), and one in the vicinity of Yaoundé (28 species). Fig-5: Species richness (1x1 degree grid cell) (numbers in the grid cells represent the number of species present) © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 73 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 The map with the 1 degree grid (Fig-5) highlights the influence of the continental gradient on species richness. The coastal zone of Cameroon thus appears richer than the continental part. It appears from the general distribution map and the species richness map that most of the Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD in Cameroon are found along a strip that corresponds to what Letouzey [21] calls the Biafran forests (including the coastal forests). This area, which extends along the coastal strip, is characterized by very high average annual rainfall. DISCUSSION With 288 LGD taxa recorded, Cameroon has the greatest specific richness; it is followed respectively by Gabon, south-eastern Nigeria, the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Cabinda and Congo. Cameroon also stands out for its rate of endemism, which is much higher than that of the other countries in the area. Indeed, of the 387 taxa in the LGD, 148 are strictly endemic. Gabon follows with 61 taxa. The floristic similarity of Cameroon in Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD with Gabon could be explained by the existence of a strip of coastal forest (forest refuges) that extends from southern Cameroon, to Gabon and Equatorial Guinea [7]. Congo and Cabinda are on the fringe of the LGD, which is why they have the fewest species in common with Cameroon. On the other hand, Equatorial Guinea, which shares a border with Cameroon, has little floristic similarity with Cameroon. One would expect a higher similarity as is the case for Nigeria and Gabon. This is probably due to the poor knowledge of the flora of Equatorial Guinea. The Rubiaceae reported from southeastern Nigeria are part of a large group that originates in Cameroon. This group extends from Port Harcourt in Nigeria, through Korup National Park and Mount Kupe to Mount Cameroon [22]. This may explain why Nigeria has only one species absent from Cameroon. The low species richness of the other countries in the area is also due to the lack of extensive sampling. The lack of data on certain potentially very rich areas has often led to their erroneous characterization [23]. On the other hand, many new taxa have been discovered in Cameroon during the last decade. Indeed, of the 148 taxa of Rubiaceae endemic to Cameroon considered in this study, about 40 have been described recently [24-30, 1]. These taxa are generally immediately classified as endemic to Cameroon; while for some, future inventories in other countries in the domain could modify this status. As for the distribution in Cameroon, the maps show the existence of several hotspots of Rubiaceae endemic to the area. The areas that are found to be rich are overlap on those previously located for Begonia [6, 7], for Rubiaceae [4], Robbrecht [31], for Orchidaceae [32]. However, it appears here that Yaoundé and its surroundings mentioned by Sonké et al., [4] as very rich, seem to be subject to discussion depending on the size of the grid cells. Indeed, the Yaoundé area shows a high species richness only on the 1 degree grid map. This region owes its richness to the mountains that surround it (Kala, Mbam-Minkom, Eloumden, Nkolbisson). The distance between these medium-altitude zones makes it difficult to highlight their richness on the maps, especially for those with small grids (0.5 degree). On the other hand, these small grids are ideal for accurately delineating areas of high richness and endemism. It thus appears that the species richness attributed to an area depends closely on the size of the grids chosen; in fact, a small grid will highlight areas of high species richness and/or endemism on small surfaces that often fit within a single grid. A large grid size can make some information incorrect because it can put together species that in reality are not. Several studies have described Mount Cameroon and its surroundings as one of the most important hotspots in sub-Saharan Africa for Rubiaceae and other taxonomic groups [12, 7, 33, 22, 31]. However, the Bipindi region and its surroundings have a specific and even generic richness of Rubiaceae that is almost equal to Mount Cameroon; an observation already made by Droissart et al., [32] with the Orchidaceae family. It also appears that the Biafran forests and the forests of the sub-montane level contain almost all the Rubiaceae endemic to Cameroon, with a large proportion of species known from a single locality. These localities correspond for the most part to the medium-altitude massifs of southern Cameroon (Bipindi and Akom II massif) and the southwest (Bakossi and Kupe massifs). The medium-altitude zones around Yaoundé also show a fairly interesting richness. The main factor explaining the variations in species richness of endemic Rubiaceae seems to be altitude. Spatial heterogeneity due to the relief (mountains) induces the establishment of numerous habitats with limited surfaces; this, associated with favorable climatic conditions, sets up important speciation mechanisms [33]. Thus, the more complex the relief of an area, the higher its specific richness will be. Speciation alone, however, cannot explain the endemism and species richness of these areas. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a strong correlation between centers of endemism and areas of high diversity. The theory of forest refuges from the last ice age may allow us to justify the endemism of the above-mentioned areas of high diversity. © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 74 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 The continental gradient also seems to have played a significant role in the endemism, species richness, and distribution of endemic Rubiaceae in Cameroon. The species richness decreases considerably with the increase in longitude and therefore with the distance from the ocean. Thus, the richness decreases from the Atlantic forests along the coastal strip to the Congolese forests, passing through the deciduous forests. This is probably explained by the decrease in annual rainfall along the same gradient. The high rainfall could therefore also justify the endemicity of these hotspots. The species richness also depends on the intensity of sampling. In fact, the region located more to the east of Cameroon seems to suffer from a lack of surveys, and the same is true for the continental part of Equatorial Guinea. This raises the inevitable question: are the zones of great specific richness are they really rich or simply more prospected than others? Otherwise, what is the impact of oversampling on the species richness of an area? CONCLUSION The LGD has 387 endemic Rubiaceae taxa. Cameroon, in addition to its central geographical position in the LGD, also occupies a central position in terms of specific richness and rate of endemism. One hundred and forty eight taxa are exclusive to Cameroon. However, it should be noted that vast areas in Cameroon as well as in other countries are still very low inventoried. Despite all, the present study confirms that Cameroon has one of the most remarkable species richness in sub-Saharan Africa. Altitude appears to be the main factor that explains the fluctuations in species richness. The establishment of endemic areas and therefore of species richness is the result of several factors more or less related to altitude. But other factors such as speciation and the continental gradient also contribute to explain these fluctuations. Akom II, the third one is located in Mount Kupe and Bakossi, and the last one is of lesser importance in the hills around Yaoundé. Areas around Yaoundé and the massifs around Bipindi have no conservation status. Both areas are under permanent threat from logging and slash-and-burn agriculture and from ever-increasing population pressures. There is an urgent need for conservation measures to be taken to protect these forests, the importance of which is highlighted in this study. The city of Yaounde is a large urban agglomeration and the easily accessible hills could in the medium term be financially viable through ecotourism. This study proved that Rubiaceae could be effectively used as bioindicators for the identification of high biodiversity areas without conducting exhaustive inventories. However, it is clear that there are many gaps in data collection. This is true for Rubiaceae as well as for other taxonomic groups. Throughout this analysis, areas of high species richness were by inference considered as areas of endemism. The use of tools that allow the location of these areas independently of species richness would be welcome. Allusion is made here to PAE (Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity) which is a method for generating cladograms directly from species distribution data. Additional inventories should focus on areas in east Cameroon and in the other LGD countries, especially in the mainland of Equatorial Guinea. In addition, taxonomic research efforts are needed for the large number of species that have no herbarium specimens available. Other taxonomic groups of great numerical importance (Asteraceae, Fabaceae etc.) should be used in order to delimit more precisely these areas. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Study of the diversity and distribution of Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD in Cameroon reveals four main areas of high diversity. The first one is located in Mount Cameroon and its surroundings, the second one is located in the mountainous massifs around Bipindi and The authors are grateful to the curators and staff of the Herbaria of Yaounde and Limbe for giving them access to to their materials and logistics. They also want to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 75 Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 ANNEXES Coffea Coleactina Corynanthe Craterispermum © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India GG Chazaliella Nig Calochone Calycosiphonia Chassalia Cab Bertiera GEq Belonophora Con Anthospermum Atractogyne Aoranthe Aulacocalyx Aidia rhacodesepala (K. Schum.) E. M. A. Petit Aidia rubens (Hiern) G. Taylor Anthospermum asperuloides Hook. f. Atractogyne batesii Wernham Aoranthe annulata (K. Schum.) Somers Aulacocalyx camerooniana Sonké & S. E. Dawson Aulacocalyx caudata (Hiern) Keay Aulacocalyx lamprophylla K. Krause Aulacocalyx mapiana Sonké & Bridson Aulacocalyx subulata (N. Hallé) Figueiredo Aulacocalyx talbotii (Wernham) Keay Belonophora ongensis S. E. Dawson & Cheek Belonophora talbotii (Wernham) Keay Belonophora werhamii Hutch. & Dalziel Bertiera artistipula N. Hallé Bertiera elabensis K. Krause Bertiera heterophylla Nguembou & Sonké Bertiera lanx N. Hallé Bertiera laxa var. bamendae Hepper Bertiera laxissima K. Schum. Bertiera ledremannii K. Krause Bertiera longiloba K. Krause Bertiera retrofracta K. Schum. Bertiera rosseeliana Sonké, Essono &A.P. Davis Bertiera thollonii De Wild. & T.Durand Calochone acuminata Keay Calycosiphonia uniflora (inédit) Chassalia Bipindensis Sonké, Nguembou & A.P. Davis Chassalia cupularis Hutch. & Dalziel Chassalis laikomensis Cheek Chassalia pteropetala (K. Schum.) Cheek chassalia simplex K. Krause Chassalia subspicata K. Schum. Chassalia zenkeri K. Schum. & K. Krause Chazaliellia insidens ssp. Insidens Chazaliellia letouzeyi Robbr. Chazaliella obanensis (Wernham) E. M. A. Petit & Verdc. Chazaliella obovoidea ssp. Villostipula Verdc. Chazaliella oddonii var. cameroonensis Verdc. Chazaliella parviflora (R. D. Good) Verdc. Chazaliella rotundifolia (R. D. Good) E. M. A. Petit & Verdc. Chazaliella viridicalyx (R. D. Good) Verdc. Coffea bakossii Cheek & Bridson Coffea fotsoana Stoff. & Sonké Coffea heterocalyx Stoff. Coffea leonimontana Stoff. Coffea magnistipula Stoff. & Robbr. Coffea mapiana Sonké, Nguembou & A.P. Davis Coffea montekupensis Stoff. Coleactina papalis N. Hallé Corynanthe mayumbensis (R. D. Good) N. Hallé Craterispermum aristatum Wernham Craterispermum inquisitorium var. longipedunculatum R. D. Good Craterispermum deblockianum Taedoumg & Hamon Gab Aidia Cam List of Rubiaceae endemic to the LGD and their distribution (Numbers in the table: 1 = présence; 0 = absence. Cam = Cameroun, Gab = Gabon, Con = Congo, GEq = Equatorial Guinea, Cab = Cabinda, Nig = Nigeria, GG = the islands of the Gulf of Guinea) Genus Species 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 76 Hymenodyction Ixora Lasianthus Leptactina © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India GG Heinsia Hekistocarpa Hymenocoleus Nig Galium Geophila Cab Euclinia Fagodia Gaertnera GEq Didymosalpinx Ecpoma Craterispermum gabonicum Taedoumg & De Block Craterispermum ledermannii K. Krause Craterispermum parvifolium Taedoumg & Sonké Craterispermum robbrechtianum Taedoumg & Sonké Craterispermum rumpianum Taedoumg & Hamon Craterispermum sonkeanum Taedoumg & Hamon Cremaspora thomsonii Hiern Cuviera calycosa Wernham Cuviera heisteriifolia Mildbr. Cuviera ledermannii K. Krause Cuviera leniochlamys K. Schum. Cuviera physinodes K. Schum Cuviera pierrei N. Hallé Cuviera talbotii (Wernham) Verdc. Cuviera trilocularis Hiern Cuviera truncata Hutch. & Dalziel Cuviera wernhamii Cheek in S. Cable & M. Cheek Didymosalpinx konguensis (Hiern) Keay Ecpoma apocynacea K. Schum. Ecpoma geantha (Hiern) N. Hallé Ecpoma hierniana (Wernham) N. Hallé & F. Hallé Euclinia squamifera (R. D. Good) Keay Fagodia cinerascens Robyns Gaertnera dinklagei K. Schum. Gaertnera fissistipula (K. Schum. & K. Krause) E. M. A. Petit Gaertnera salicifolia C.H.Wright ex Baker Gaertnera spicata K. Schum. Gaertnera stictophylla (Hiern) E. M. A. Petit Gaertnera trachystyla (Hiern) E. M. A. Petit Galium deistelii K. Krause Geophila aschersoniana Büttner Geophila emarginata K. Krause Geophila lancistipula Hiern Geophila speciosa K. Schum. Heinsia myrmoecia (K. Schum.) N. Hallé Hekistocarpa minutiflora Hook. f. Hymenocoleus glaber Robbr. Hymenocoleus globulifer Robbr. Hymenocoleus nervopilosus var. orientalis Robbr. Hymenodictyon biafranum Hiern Hymenodictyon bracteatum K. Schum. Hymenodictyon epidendron Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel Hymenodictyon oreophyton Hoyle Ixora aneimenodesma ssp. Aneimenodesma Ixora banjoana K. Krause Ixora batesii Wernham Ixora delicatula Keay Ixora euosmia K. Schum. Ixora foliosa Hiern Ixora hippoperifera Bremek. Ixora inundata Hiern Ixora ledermannii K. Krause Ixora minutiflora Hiern Ixora nematopoda K. Schum. Ixora synactica De Block Lasianthus longipes K. Krause Lasianthus urophylloides Good Leptactina latifolia K. Schum. Leptactina mannii Hook. f. Leptactina polyneura K. Krause Con Cremaspora Cuviera Species Gab Genus Cam Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India GG Pavetta Nig Pausinytalia Cab Pauridiantha GEq Oxyanthus Leptactina rheophytica Sonké & Neuba Leptactina tessmannii K. Krause Mitriostigma barteri Hook. f. ex Hiern Morinda batesii Wernham Mussaenda bityensis Wernham Mussaenda lancifolia K. Krause Mussaenda leptantha Wernham Mussaenda macrosiphon Wernham Mussaenda nijensis Good Mussaenda polita Hiern Mussaenda soyauxii Büttner Mussaenda tenuiflora var. principensis G. Taylor Mussaenda tenuiflora var. thomensis G. Taylor Oxyanthus barensis K. Krause Oxyanthus laxiflorus K. Schum. ex Hutch. & Dalziel Oxyanthus ledermannii K. Krause Oxaynthus maymbensis Good Oxyanthus montanus Sonké Oxyanthus nangensis K. Krause Oxyanthus okuensis Cheek & Sonké Oxyanthus oliganthus K. Schum. Oxyanthus pulcher K. Schum. Pauridiantha bulocularis Bremek. Pauridiantha canthiiflora Hook. f. Pauridiantha divaricata (K. Schum.) Bremek. Pauridiantha efferata N. Hallé Pauridiantha letestuana (N. Hallé) Ntore & Dessein Pauridiantha micrantha Bremek. Pauridiantha microphylla R. D. Good Pauridiantha multiflora K. Schum. Pauridiantha pierlotii N. Hallé Pauridiantha pleiantha Ntore & Dessein Pauridiantha smetsiana Ntore & Dessein Pauridiantha venusta N. Hallé Pausinystalia brachythyrsum (K. Schum.) W.Brandt Pausinystalia johimbe (K. Schum.) Pierre ex Beille Pausinystalia talbotii Wernham Pavetta annobonensis Bremek. Pavetta antennifera Wernham Pavetta baconiella Bremek. Pavetta bangweensis Bremek. Pavatta batesiana Bremek. Pavetta bidentata var sessilifolia S. D. Manning Pavetta brachycalyx Hiern Pavetta brachysiphon Bremek. Pavetta camerounensis ssp. Brevirama S. D. Manning Pavetta camerounensis ssp. Camerounensis Pavetta dermatophylla Mildbr. Pavetta gabonica Bremek. Pavetta gracilipes Hiern Pavetta grossissima S. D. Manning Pavetta hierniana Bremek. Pavetta hispida Hiern Pavetta hookeriana var. hookeriana Pavetta hookeriana var. pubinervata S. D. Manning Pavetta kribiensis S. D. Manning Pavetta kupensis S. D. Manning Pavetta laxa S. D. Manning Pavetta longibrachiata Bremek. Pavetta longistyla S. D. Manning Con Mitriostigma Morinda Mussaenda Species Gab Genus Cam Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1? 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 Psychotria © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India GG Pouchetia Pseudosabicea Nig Petitiocodon Poecilocalyx Cab Peripeplus GEq Pentas Pavetta macrostemon K. Schum. Pavetta mpomii S. D. Manning Pavetta muiriana S. D. Manning Pavetta namatae S. D. Manning Pavetta neurocarpa Benth Pavetta ombrophila Bremek. Pavetta oresitropha Bremek. Pavetta owariensis var. glaucescens (Hiern) S. D. Manning Pavetta owariensis var. opaca S. D. Manning Pavetta owariensis var. satabiei S. D. Manning Pavetta plumosa Hutch. & Dalziel Pavetta renidens (K. Krause) Bremek. Pavetta rigida Hiern Pavetta robusta Bremek. Pavetta rubentifolia S. D. Manning Pavetta staudtii Hutch. & Dalziel Pavetta stemonogyne Mildbr. ex Bremek. Pavetta tenuissima S. D. Manning Pavetta testui Bremek. Pavetta urophylla ssp. Bosii S. D. Manning Pavetta viridiloba var. meurillonii S. D. Manning Pavetta viridiloba var. viridiloba Pentaloncha humilis Hook. f. Pentaloncha rubruflora Good Pentas ledermannii K. Krause Pentas nervosa Hepper Peripeplus bracteosus (Hiern) E. M. A. Petit Peripeplus klaineanus Pierre Petitiocodon parviflorum (Keay) Robbr. Poecilocalyx crystallinus N. Hallé Poecilocalyx schumannii Bremek. Poecilocalyx setiflorus (R. D. Good) Bremek. Pouchetia confertiflora Mildbr. Pseudosabicea aurifodinae var. aurifodinae Pseudosabicea aurifodinae var. crystallina N. Hallé Pseudosabicea batesii (Wernham) N. Hallé Pseudosabicea medusula (K. Schum. ex Wernham) N. Hallé Pseudosabicea nobilis (R. D. Good) N. Hallé Peudosabicea pedicellata (Wernham) N. Hallé Pseudosabicea proselyta N. Hallé Pseudosabicea sanguinosa N. Hallé Pseudosabicea segregata (Hiern) N. Hallé Pseudosabicea sthenula N. Hallé Psychotria aemulans K. Schum. Psychotria alatipes Wernham Psychotria alluviorum K. Krause Psychotria articulata (Hiern) E. M. A. Petit Psychotria bakossiensis Cheek & Sonké Psychotria bangweana K. Schum. Psychotria barensis K. Krause Psychotria batangana K. Schum. Psyhotria bifaria Hiern Psychotria bimbiensis Bridson & Cheek Psychotria brandneriana (L.Linden) Robbr. Psychotria camerunensis E. M. A. Petit Psychotria camptopus Verdc. Psychotria ceratalabastron K. Schum. Psychotria chrysoclada K. Schum. Psychotria crassicalyx K. Krause Psychotria densinerva (K. Krause) Verdc. Con Pentaloncha Species Gab Genus Cam Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 79 © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India Nig GG Rytigynia Cab Rutidea GEq Pyrostria Rothmannia Psychotria dimorphophylla K. Schum. Psychotria dodoensis K. Krause Psychotria dusenii K. Schum. Psychotria ebensis K. Schum. Psychotria erythropus K. Schum. Psychotria fleuryana E. M. A. Petit Psychotria foliosa Hiern Psychotria gaboonensis Ruhsam. Psychotria geophylax Cheek & Sonké Psychotria globiceps K. Schum. Psychotria humilis var. humilis Psychotria ilendensis K. Krause Psychotria infundibularis Hiern Psychotria ingentifolia E. M. A. Petit Psychotria klainei Schnell Psychotria lanceifolia K. Schum. Psychotria letouzeyi E. M. A. Petit Psychotria leucocentron K. Schum. Psychotria martinetugei Cheek Psychotria microthyrsa E. M. A. Petit Psychotria minima Good Psychotria minimicalyx K. Schum. Psychotria moliwensis Bridson & Cheek Psychotria mollipes K. Krause Psychotria moseskemei Cheek Psychotria muschleriana K. Krause Psychotria nebulosa K. Krause Psychotria oblanceolata (R. D. Good) Ruhsam. Psychotria oligocarpa K. Schum. Psychotria owariensis (P.Beauv.) Hiern Psychotria perbrevis K. Schum. Pschotria piolampra K. Schum. Psychotria pleuroneura K. Schum. Psychotria podocarpa E. M. A. Petit Psychotria principensis G. Taylor Psychotria rambouensis De Wild. Psychotria recurva Hiern in D. Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.) Psychotria refractiflora K. Schum. Psychotria rhizomatosa var. minor E. M. A. Petit Psychotria rubropilosa De Wild. Psychotria sycophylla (K. Schum.) E. M. A. Petit Psychotria talbotii Wernham Psychotria trichanthera K. Schum. Psydrax bridsoniana Cheek & Sonké Psydrax dunlapii (Hutch. & Daziel) Bridson Pyrostria bispathacea (Mildbr.) Bridson Rothmannia ebamutensis Sonké Rothmannia jollyana N. Hallé Rutidea ferruginea Hiern Rutidea gabonensis Bridson Rutidea glabra Hiern Rutidea gracilis var. makokounsis Bridson Rutidea tenuiccaulis K. Krause Rytigynia ferruginea Robyns Rytigynia goosweileri Robyns Rytiginia krauseana Robyns Rytigynia lecomtei Robyns Rytigynia mayumbensis Robyns Rytiginia membranacea (Hiern) Robyns Rytigynia subbiflora (Mildbr.) Robyns Con Psydrax Species Gab Genus Cam Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 80 Genus Species Cam Gab Con GEq Cab Nig GG Hermann Taedoumg et al., Sch Acad J Biosci, Mar, 2021; 9(3): 68-83 Sabicea Sabicea amomii Wernham Sabicea bigerrica N. Hallé Sabicea brachiata Wernham Sabicea cameroonensis Wernham Sabicea caminata N. Hallé Sabicea capitellata Benth. Sabicea composita Wernham Sabicea cruciata Wernham Sabicea efulenensis (Hutch.) Hepper Sabicea fulva Wernham Sabicea gabonica (Hiern) Hepper Sabicea gracilis Wernham Sabicea laxa Wernham Sabicea leucocarpa (K. Krause) Mildbr. Sabicea najatrix N. Hallé Sabicea rufa Wernham Sabicea schaeferi Wernham Sabicea spesiosissima K. Schum. Sabicea stipularioides Wernham Sabicea trigemina K. Schum. Sabicea urbaniana Wernham Sabicea urceolata Hepper Sabicea xanthotricha Wernham Schumanniophyton klaineanum Perre ex A.Chev. 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Schumanniophyton trimerum Good Sericanthe jacfelicis (N. Hallé) Robbr. Sericanthe lowryana (inédit) Sericanthe petitii (N. Hallé) Robbr. Sericanthe raynaliorum (N. Hallé) Robbr. Sericanthe testui var. pseudosalacina (N. Hallé) Robbr. Sherbournia ailarama. N Hallé Sherbournia buccularia N. Hallé Sherbournia hapalophylla ssp. hapalophylla Sherbournia kiliotricha N. Hallé Sherbournia millenii Sherbournia myosura N. Hallé Sherbournia streptocaulon (K. Schum.) Hepper Spermacoce garuensis (K. Krause) Govaerts Spermacoce ledermannii (K. Krause) Govaerts Spermacoce malacophylla (K. Schum.) Govaerts Spermacoce spermacocina (K. Schum.) Bridson & Puff Stelechantha arcuata S. E. Dawson Stelechantha cauliflora (R. D. Good) Bremek. Stelechantha makakana N. Hallé Tarenna calliblepharis N. Hallé Tarenna eketensis var. situtela N. Hallé Tarenna grandiflora (Benth.) Hiern Tarenna jolinonii N. Hallé Tarenna scandens Good Temnopterix sericea Hook. f. Tricalysia achoundongiana Robbr., Sonké & Kenfack Tricalysia amplexicaulis Robbr. Tricalysia atherura N. Hallé Tricalysia concolor N. Hallé Tricalysia fangana (N. Hallé) Robbr. Tricalysia ferorum Robbr. Tricalysia idiura N. Hallé Tricalysia lasiodelphys ssp. anomalura (N. Hallé) Robbr. Tricalysia lasiodelphys ssp. lasiodelphys 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schumanniophyt on Sericanthe Sherbournia Spermacoce Stelechantha Tarenna Temnopterix Tricalysia © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 81 REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Taedoumg H. Taxonomie du genre Craterispermum Benth. (Genianales - Rubiaceae) en Afrique continentale - Méthodologie de révision taxonomique chez les Angiospermes. Abc Taxa 20; 2020. Roe D, Thomas D, Smith J, Walpole M, Elliott J. Biodiversité et pauvreté: dix questions fréquemment posées, dix implications politiques. Gatekeeper series, 2011. Vande weghe JP. Forêts d’Afrique centrale: la nature et l’Homme. Editions Lannoo SA, Tielt, Belgique; 2004. Sonké B, Nguembou KC, Danho N. Les Rubiaceae endémiques du Cameroun. in: Taxonomy and ecology of African plants, their conservation ands uses. Beedje H & Ghazanfar S (eds). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2006; 97-109. Sosef MSM. New species of Begonias in Africa and their relevance to study of glacial rain forest refuges. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers. 1992; 91 (4): 117-151. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. © 2021 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India Cab Nig GG Virectaria GEq Vangueriella Tricalysia ledermannii K. Krause Tricalysia lejolyana Sonké & Cheek Tricalysia lineariloba Hutch. Tricalysia longipaniculata Good Tricalysia obstetrix N. Hallé Tricalysia pangolina N. Hallé Tricalysia patentipilis K. Krause Tricalysia pedunculosa var. pedunculosa Tricalysia pedunculosa var. pilosula (N. Hallé) Robbr. Tricalysia pedunculosa var. walkeriana (N. Hallé) Robbr. Tricalysia potamogala N. Hallé Tricalysia soyauxii K. Schum. Tricalysia subsessilis K. Schum. Tricalysia sylvae Robbr. Tricalysia talbotii (Wernham) Keay Tricalysia vadensis Robbr. Trichostachys interrupta K. Schum. Trichostachys le-testui Pellegr. Trichostachys lehmbachii K. Schum. Trichostachys longifolia Hiern Trichostachys petiolata Hiern Trichostachys soyauxii K. Schum. Trichostachys stenotachys K. Schum. Vangueriella chlorantha (K. Schum.) Verdc. Vangueriella georgesii Verdc. Vangueriella laxiflora (K. Schum.) Verdc. Vangueriella letestui Verdc. Vangueriella rufa (Robyns) Verdc. Vangueriella soyauxii (K. Schum.) Verdc. Vangueriella zenkeri Verdc., Virectaria angustifolia var. angustifolia Virectaria angustifolia var. schlechteri Verdc. Virectaria belingana N. 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