The fourth chapter considers the early career of Raphael, with a focus on his interactions with Perugino and local Perugian artists, including two of the Società painters, Berto di Giovanni and Eusebio da San Giorgio. Raphael’s rapport with these artists merits much further scholarly attention in order to increase our knowledge of his artistic training, development, and interrelationships with his Umbrian peers prior to his better-known Florentine period, which began by 1505.