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| The families of mushrooms and toadstools represented in Britain and Ireland |
Rhodophyllaceae
Morphology. The fruit-bodies producing basidia and basidiospores; ephemeral; clustered, or solitary; differentiated into a stipe and pileus with the hymenium underneath the latter; medium sized to large; 3–10(–12) cm across. The mature pileus convex to parasol-shaped, or more or less flat or somewhat depressed, or concave (rarely, e.g. Clitopilus prunulus). The fruit-bodies brightly pigmented, or not brightly pigmented. The top of the pileus cream or yellowish, or buff, or straw-coloured, or honey-coloured, or light brown, or dark brown, or yellow, or blue, or lilac. The fruit-bodies with a mealy smell, with or without rancid overtones (faintly mealy, in Entoloma prunuloides), or with no particular odour other than an ordinary fungoid one. The stipe with neither ring nor volva. The hymenium borne on gills (lamellae thin). The hymenophore adnexed to decurrent. The hymenophoral trama not bilateral. The basidia ‘unmodified’. The basidiospores ballistosporic; pink; ornamented (faceted, angular or longitudinally ridged).
The hyphal walls lamellate, with a thin, electron-dense outer layer and a relatively thick, electron-transparent inner layer. The hyphae monomitic. The generative hyphae inflated. Spaerocysts not occurring among the context hyphae.
Ecology. Saprophytic. The fruit-bodies borne on the ground. Found in grassy places, in coniferous woodland, in broad-leaved woodland, in mixed woodland, and in places modified by human activities.
Representation in Britain and Ireland. Clitopilus, Entoloma (including Claudopus, Eccilia, Leptonia, Nolanea, Rhodophyllus), Rhodocybe.
World representation. 1074 species; genera 7. Widespread, but mainly tropical.
Classification. Basidiomycota; Basidiomycetes; Agaricomycetidae; Agaricales.
Illustrations. • Clitopilus prunulus, Entolom nitidum, E. porphyrophaeum, E. prunuloides, E. sinuatum (LH). ENTOLOMATACEAE. 1, Clitopilus prunulus. 2, Entoloma nitidum; 3, Entoloma porphyrophaeum; 4, Entoloma prunuloides; 5, Entoloma sinuatum. J.E. Lange, in Lange & Hora (1965). • Entoloma aprile, E. clypeatum, E. conferendum, E. dichroum, E. sericeum (LH). ENTOLOMATACEAE. 1, Entoloma conferendum; 2, Entoloma dichroum; 3, Entoloma clypeatum; 4, Entoloma sericeum; 5, Entoloma aprile. From Lange & Hora (1965). • Entoloma asprellum, cetratum, incanum, lampropum, pleiopodium, sericellum, undatum (LH). ENTOLOMATACEAE. 1, Entoloma cetratum; 2, Entoloma pleiopodium; 3, Entoloma asprellum; 4, Entoloma lampropum; 5, Entoloma undatum; 6, Entoloma incanum; 7, Entoloma sericellum. J.E. Lange, in Lange & Hora (1965). • Clitopilus prunulus and Entoloma clypeatum (Berkeley). ENTOLOMATACEAE. 6, Entoloma clypeatum (L.) P. Kumm.; 7, Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.) P. Kumm. PLUTEACEAE. 1, Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer; 2, Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Singer; 3, Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.) Boekhout & Enderle; 4, Pluteus leoninus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.; 5, Pluteus chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Quél. From Berkeley (1860).
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2008 onwards. The families of mushrooms and toadstools represented in Britain and Ireland. Version: 5th August 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
