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Synonyms: Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal; Galeariaceae Pierre, nom. inval.
Common name: Panda Family.
Number of genera 4. Number of species 18.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels united. Fruit pericarpium; simple; drupe, or capsule (Centroplacus Mabberley, not Spjut); unknown for Centroplacus; capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 2–5-seeded; less than 1 cm long; 2–5-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; apex not beaked; indehiscent, or dehiscent. Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent and shedding seeds; without replum. Epicarp durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present, or absent. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; woody, or thick, or thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; stone plurilocular; stone 2–5-loculate; not smooth; with sculptures; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; with mechanism for seedling escape (valves dehiscing at germination); without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; surface unsmooth; surface with merged raised features; surface reticulate, or wrinkled; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; fibrous; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding food reserve. Endosperm copious; smooth; with oils; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; nearly filling testa (trace or scanty food reserve); 0.9 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate; with investing cotyledons; straight; parallel to seed length; embedded in endosperm; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.9 times length of embryo; 7 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally cordate; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Old World. Africa and southeastern Asia.
Weed information
No USA noxious weeds.
Listed seeds
No ASOA or ISTA listed seeds.
Accepted genera
Centroplacus Pierre -- Galearia Zoll. & Moritzi, nom. cons. -- Microdesmis Hook. f. ex Hook. -- Panda Pierre
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 735. Vaughan, J.G. & J.A. Rest. 1969. Note on the testa structure of Panda Pierre, Galearia Zoll. & Mor. and Microdesmis Hook. f. (Pandaceae). Kew Bull. 23:215–218.
General references
Baillon, H.E. 1866–95. Histoire des plantes, 13 vols. Hachette and Co., Paris, Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and seed illustrations. Cronquist has no illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Baillon [see Goldberg]. Seed illustration(s): Karen, Goldberg. Embryo illustration(s): Karen, Goldberg. Karen's plate number and taxon (taxa): 232: Microdesmis caseariaefolia Planch. ex Hook. (C-D), Panda oleosa Pierre (E-F) [no (A-B) and internally Karen and Engler reproduced in Goldberg disagree].
• Fruit. 1 of 8. Galearia celebica Koord. var. celebica: fruits. • Seed. 2 of 8. Galearia celebica Koord. var. celebica: seed. • Fruit. 3 of 8. Panda oleosa Pierre: fruit. • Fruit. 4 of 8. Panda oleosa Pierre: fruit in cross section. • Fruit. 5 of 8. Panda oleosa Pierre: fruit. • Seed. 6 of 8. Panda oleosa Pierre: seeds. • Embryo. 7 of 8. Microdesmis caseariaefolia Planch. ex Hook.: embryo. • Embryo. 8 of 8. Panda oleosa Pierre: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
