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Figure 1.
The biological morphology and organs of P. ternata. The Spathe, corms and tubers are shown in the sketch (left) and the photo (right).
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Figure 2.
Studies on functional genes in P. ternata production.
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Figure 3.
The volume of P. ternata exports and total export trade over the past six years.
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Figure 4.
The proportion of P. ternata (left) exports of major countries and regions in 2022 (right). (A) Pinelliae Rhizoma; (B) Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum (Fa-Banxia); (C) Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine (Jiang-Banxia); (D) Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine (Qing-Banxia).
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Figure 5.
The solution of P. ternata is proposed for breeding and production at present.
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Latin name of FRPS Latin name of FOC Taxonomic character Place of origin Pinellia peltata Pinellia peltata Leaf blade entire, Leaf blade peltate, ovate or oblong. Fujian, Zhejiang Pinellia pedatisecta Pinellia pedatisecta Leaf blade always pedate, leaflets 6−11; bulbils absent. Sichuan Pinellia cordata Pinellia cordata Tuber globose; leaf blade sagittate-oblong, cordate-ovate, base deeply cordate; bulbils present at base of petiole and at base of leaf blade Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. Pinellia integrifolia Pinellia integrifolia Leaf blade ovate or oblong, base obtuse or shallowly cordate, 5–19 × 1.5–6 cm Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan Pinellia ternata Pinellia ternata Leaf blade trisect, sometimes pedate with only 5 leaflets, Bulbils present at petiole below middle, or both at proximal part of petiole and at base of leaf blade Widely distributed in China, excluding inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Tibet (Japan, Korea; Europe and North America) Pinellia polyphylla Leaf blade deltoid-ovate or broadly ovate, base deeply cordate, 6–33 × 4–22 cm Sichuan Pinellia fujianensis Rhizome cylindric; leaf blade broadly sagittate; bulbils at base of petiole Fujian Pinellia yaoluopingensis Leaf blade trisect, sometimes pedate with only 5 leaflets, leaflets oblong or lanceolate. Petiole lacking bulbils, bulbils emerging only from tuber; lateral leaflets usually bifid Anhui, Jiangsu Pinellia tripartita Leaf blade only deeply 3-partite, anterior lobe broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, sessile; bulbils absent. Hong Kong (Japan) Table 1.
Species comparison of Pinellia genus between Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) and Flora of China (FOC).
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Dynasty High quality growing area Reference Wei-Jin period Shaanxi Province Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians Wei-Jin period Shaanxi Province, Shandong Province, Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province,
Shanghai MunicipalityCollective Notes to the Canon of Materia medica Tang dynasty Henan Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province Qianjin Yi Fang Song dynasty Shandong Province Bencao Tujing (Illustrated Classics of Materia Medica) Ming dynasty Shandong Province Qing dynasty Anhui Province, Shandong Province Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty The Republican period Hubei Province Drug production identification Table 2.
Record of the main planting area of P. ternata.
Figures
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Tables
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