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Best scoring RAxML tree of Discosia strains obtained from combined dataset of LSU and ITS sequence alignment. Bootstrap support (BS) values of maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) (equal to or greater than 50% based on 1.000 replicates) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) (equal to or above 0.95) are shown at the nodes. New species strains are in blue and bold the ex-types (type). The tree is rooted to Pestalotiopsis versicolor (BRIP 14534).
Source publication
Two fresh collections of Discosia were made from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Italy. As these collections could not be cultured, the fruiting bodies were directly used for sequencing using a Forensic DNA Extraction Kit. Based on analyses of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS) and large subunit rDNA (L...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Maximum parsimony (MP) and RAxML analyses of the combined dataset resulted in phylogenetic reconstructions with similar topologies and not significantly different (data not shown). The best scoring RAxML tree was chosen as the backbone tree and shown in Figure 1. ...
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... (GenBank, AB594772, Identities = 525/536 (98%), Gaps = 3/536 (0%)) and D. pseudoartocreas (GenBank, KF777161, Identities = 557/569 (98%), Gaps = 4/569 (0%)). However, phylogenetic analyses derived from combined ITS and LSU sequences show that D. fagi is clearly distinct from all other Discosia species (Figure 1). Morphologically, D. fagi resembles D. italica, but can be distinguished using dimension of conidiomata, being slightly larger than D. italica (100-250 μm diam., and 20-45 μm high). ...
Citations
... Discosia species can be found on Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae), Gaultheria procumbens (Ericaceae), Platanus orientalis (Platanaceae), Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae), Smilax rotundifolia (Smilacaceae), and leaves of undetermined plants [60]. Discosia blumencronii Bubák was reported from Rhododendron poniicum [92], while other species can be found on leaves of Beilschmeidia tarairi (Lauraceae), Brachychiton populneus (Malvaceae), Ceanothus fiedleri (Rhamnaceae), Eucalyptus sp. ...
... Discosia blumencronii Bubák was reported from Rhododendron poniicum [92], while other species can be found on leaves of Beilschmeidia tarairi (Lauraceae), Brachychiton populneus (Malvaceae), Ceanothus fiedleri (Rhamnaceae), Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) and Phillyrea latifolia (Oleaceae) [9,60]. Discosia species is distributed in temperate regions, being previously reported in Algeria, Austria, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, the USA, Sweden, Tunisia and Turkey [9]. ...
In the present study, we report two new asexual fungal species (i.e., Discosia rhododendricola, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola (Sporocadaceae) and a new host for a previously described species (i.e., Diaporthe nobilis; Diaporthaceae). All species were isolated from Rhododendron spp. in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. All taxa are described based on morphology, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred using a multigenic approach (LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF1 and TUB2). The phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. rhododendronicola sp. nov. is phylogenetically related to D. muscicola, and that N. rhododendricola sp. nov is related to N. sonnaratae. Diaporthe nobilis reported herein as a new host record from Rhododendron sp. for China, and its phylogeny is depicted based on ITS, TEF1 and TUB2 sequence data.
... However, the fungus was not identified to the species level. In present study, we collected Discosia samples from Beijing (North China), Hunan and Yunnan (South China), and found it different from any known species [43,45,46]. From the phylogram (Figure 9), Discosia brasiliensis was the closest species to D. castaneae, but they could be distinguished by their conidial width (3.5-4.5 μm in D. castaneae vs. 2-3 μm in D. brasiliensis) [46]. ...
Two Castanea plant species, C. henryi and C. mollissima, are cultivated in China to produce chestnut crops. Leaf spot diseases commonly occur in Castanea plantations, however, little is known about the fungal species associated with chestnut leaf spots. In this study, leaf samples of C. henryi and C. mollissima were collected from Beijing, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, and leaf-inhabiting fungi were identified based on morphology and phylogeny. As a result, twenty-six fungal species were confirmed, including one new family, one new genus, and five new species. The new taxa are Pyrisporaceae fam. nov., Pyrispora gen. nov., Aureobasidium castaneae sp. nov., Dis-cosia castaneae sp. nov., Monochaetia castaneae sp. nov., Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis sp. nov. and Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov.
... Our species exhibits conidial characters similar to C. populinum, while all other morphological characters were found to be different (Henkel 1923). The family Dictyosporiaceae was first mentioned in Liu et al. (2015) which was referred as Dictyosporiaceae. Tanaka et al. (2015) included Dictyosporiaceae in the order Pleosporales within the suborder Massarineae. ...
... Neosetophoma, is characterized by globose to irregular conidiomata, with papillate ostioles, and with yellowish conidia that are attenuate at one end (de Gruyter et al. 2010, Liu et al. 2015, Wijayawardene et al. 2016, which has been often reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of various hosts (Phookamsak et al. 2014b). In recent studies, Tibpromma et al. (2017) introduced N. garethjonesii as the first report of the sexual morph of Neosetophoma and Wanasinghe et al. (2018) introduced another three taxa to Neosetophoma viz. ...
This is the fourth in a series of Mycosphere notes wherein we provide notes on various fungal genera. In this set of notes, we introduce Phaeoseptaceae as a new family, Pseudobyssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) as a new genus, 40 new species, 11 new host or country records, one reference specimen, one new combination and provide a description of the holotype of Uleodothis balansiana (Dothideaceae). The new species are Acrospermum longisporium (Acrospermaceae), Ascitendus aquaticus (Annulatascaceae), Ascochyta clinopodiicola (Didymellaceae), Asterina magnoliae (Asterinaceae), Barbatosphaeria aquatica (Barbatosphaeriaceae), Camarosporidiella populina (Camarosporidiellaceae), Chaetosphaeria mangrovei (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Cytospora predappioensis, Cytospora prunicola (Cytosporaceae), Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis (Dictyosporiaceae), Diaporthe subcylindrospora, Diaporthe subellipicola (Diaporthaceae), Diplodia arengae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Dyfrolomyces sinensis (Pleurotremataceae), Gliocladiopsis aquaticus (Nectriaceae), Hysterographium didymosporum (Pleosporomycetidae genera, incertae sedis), Kirschsteiniothelia phoenicis (Kirschsteiniotheliaceae), Leptogium thailandicum (Collemataceae), Lophodermium thailandicum (Rhytismataceae), Medicopsis chiangmaiensis (Neohendersoniaceae), Neocamarosporium phragmitis (Neocamarosporiaceae), Neodidymelliopsis negundinis (Didymellaceae), Neomassarina pandanicola (Sporormiaceae), Neooccultibambusa pandanicola (Occultibambusaceae), Neophaeosphaeria phragmiticola (Neophaeosphaeriaceae), Neosetophoma guiyangensis (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Neosetophoma shoemakeri (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Neosetophoma xingrensis (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Ophiocordyceps cylindrospora (Ophiocordycipitaceae), Otidea pseudoformicarum (Otideaceae), Periconia elaeidis (Periconiaceae), Phaeoisaria guttulata, Pleurotheciella krabiensis, Pleurotheciella tropica (Pleurotheciaceae), Pteridiospora bambusae (Astrosphaeriellaceae), Phaeoseptum terricola (Phaeoseptaceae), Poaceascoma taiwanense (Lentitheciaceae), Pseudobyssosphaeria bambusae (Melanommataceae) and Roussoella mangrovei (Roussoellaceae). The new host records or new country records are provided for Alfaria terrestris (Stachybotryaceae), Arthrinium phragmites (Apiosporaceae), Bertiella ellipsoidea (Melanommataceae), Brevicollum hyalosporum (Neohendersoniaceae), Byssosphaeria siamensis (Melanommataceae), Cerothallia subluteoalba (Teloschistaceae), Cryptophiale hamulata (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Didymella aliena (Didymellaceae), Epicoccum nigrum (Didymellaceae), Periconia pseudobyssoides (Periconiaceae) and Truncatella angustata (Sporocadaceae). We provide new molecular data for 52 species and updated phylogenetic trees for 15 orders (Acrospermales, Amphisphaeriales, Annulatascales, Asterinales, Botryosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Diaporthales, Dyfrolomycetales, Hypocreales, Kirschsteiniotheliales, Peltigerales, Pleosporales, Pleurotheciales, Rhytismatales and Teloschistales) and 35 families (Acrospermaceae, Annulatascaceae, Apiosporaceae, Asterinaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, Barbatosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Camarosporidiellaceae, Chaetosphaeriaceae, Collemataceae, Cytosporaceae, Diaporthaceae, Dictyosporiaceae, Didymellaceae, Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Lentitheciaceae, Melanommataceae, Neocamarosporiaceae, Neohendersoniaceae, Neophaeosphaeriaceae, Nectriaceae, Occultibambusaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, Otideaceae, Periconiaceae, Phaeoseptaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotremataceae, Rhytismataceae, Roussoellaceae, Sporocadaceae, Sporormiaceae, Stachybotryaceae and Teloschistaceae) and 45 genera (Acrospermum, Alfaria, Arthrinium, Ascitendus, Ascochyta, Asterina, Barbatosphaeria, Bertiella, Brevicollum, Byssosphaeria, Camarosporidiella, Cerothallia, Chaetosphaeria, Cryptophiale, Cytospora, Dendryphiella, Diaporthe, Didymella, Diplodia, Discosia, Dyfrolomyces, Epicoccum, Gliocladiopsis, Hysterographium, Kirschsteiniothelia, Leptogium, Lophodermium, Medicopsis, Neocamarosporium, Neodidymelliopsis, Neooccultibambusa, Neomassarina, Neophaeosphaeria, Neosetophoma, Ophiocordyceps, Otidea, Periconia, Phaeoisaria, Phaeoseptum, Pleurotheciella, Poaceascoma, Pseudobyssosphaeria, Pteridiospora, Roussoella and Truncatella). A reference specimen is provided for Periconia cookei (Periconiaceae). A new combination is proposed for Seimatosporium ciliata (Sporocadaceae).
... The Mediterranean zone of Europe (France, Italy and Spain) was thought to be the possible evolutionary centre of origin of the genus (Vanev 1996). The taxonomy of Discosia has been studied and revised by many authors (Subramanian & Chandra-Reddy 1974;Sutton 1980;Nag Raj 1993;Vanev 1993aVanev , b, 1996Wu & Sutton 1996;Jeewon 2002Jeewon , 2003Wolczań ska et al. 2004;Tanaka et al. 2011;Li et al. 2015). ...
The taxonomy and phylogeny of the coelomycete genera Ciliochorella and Discosia which have appendaged conidia are examined in this paper. The phylogeny of taxa in Amphisphaeriaceae is reconstructed based on analysis of large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequence data. This analysis confirms that Ciliochorella and Discosia are members of Amphisphaeriaceae (Xylariales). A combination of morphological characters together with analysis of the β-Tubulin (TUB) gene region can be used to distinguish species in Discosia. In addition Ciliochorella mangiferae and Discosia brasiliensis are characterized morphologically.
The genus Ciliochorella is a group of pestalotioid fungi, which typically occurs in subtropical and tropical areas. Species from the Ciliochorella genus play important roles in the decomposition of litter. In this study, we introduce two new species ( Ciliochorella chinensis sp. nov. and C. savannica sp. nov. ) that were found on leaf litter collected from savanna-like vegetation in hot dry valleys of southwestern China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and tub2 sequence datasets indicated that C. chinensis and C. savannica respectively form a distinct clade within the Ciliochorella genus. The comparison of the morphological characteristics indicated that the two new species are well differentiated within this genus species. Analysis of the evolutionary history suggests that Ciliochorella originated from the Eurasian continent during the Paleogene (38 Mya). Further, we find that both new species can produce cellulase and laccase, playing a decomposer role.
An updated account of Fagales-inhabiting Italian Ascomycota and mycogeography, with additions to Pezizomycotina. Abstract Studies of plant-associated Ascomycota are topical, as they have varied life modes depending on their hosts in different ecosystems. In Italy, Fagales are economically and ecologically important plants, especially in the Alps and Apennine mountain ranges. Fagales species host numerous ascomycetous species, comprising endophytes, saprobes, or pathogens. We retrieved data from 308 publications from 1873 to 2021 and listed 776 Ascomycota on Fagales in Italy. Among these, 696 were identified at the species level and 80 at the genus level. Documented taxa belong to Pezizomycotina (746), Saccharomycotina (2), Taphrinomycotina (5), and Ascomycota genera incertae sedis (23). Sordariomycetes are dominant (34%), followed by Dothideomycetes (24%), Lecanoromycetes (16%), and Leotiomycetes (11%). Distribution maps were provided for the occurrence of Fagales trees and Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, and Sordariomycetes taxa. Lichenized taxa were excluded from the mapping. We provided additions to Valsariaceae (Valsaria rudis) in Dothideomycetes, Coryneaceae (Coryneum modonium), Melanconiellaceae (Melanconiella flavovirens and M. meridionalis), and Woswasiaceae (Woswasia atropurpurea) in Sordariomycetes. These taxa represent a novel host record, a provincial record, and four regional records in Italy. Species boundaries were defined using polyphasic approaches. In addition, taxonomic notes were provided for each reported class, including incertae sedis genera. The study provides information on the taxonomy, hosts, and distribution of Ascomycota in Italy to encourage further research related to important plant species.
Keywords – checklist – host-fungal distribution – morphology – phylogeny – taxonomy
This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae), Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.
Identification, classification and nomenclature of asexual fungi (including coelomycetes) have been changing rapidly. However, nomenclatural changes of coelomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly discussed since Sutton (1977). Hence, it is essential to compile all scattered data and revisit the list of generic names. In this study, we compiled all published generic names of coelomycetous taxa including invalid and illegitimate names. Further, sexual genera which have coelomycetous asexual morphs are also provided. The present paper is a part of a series of papers on coelomycetous genera.
Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
Species of Phaeosphaeriaceae, especially the asexual taxa, are common plant pathogens that infect many important economic crops. Ten new asexual taxa (Phaeosphaeriaceae) were collected from terrestrial habitats in Italy and are introduced in this paper. In order to establish the phylogenetic placement of these taxa within Phaeosphaeriaceae we analyzed combined ITS and LSU sequence data from the new taxa, together with those from GenBank. Based on morphology and molecular data, Poaceicola gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species Po. arundinis (type species), Po. bromi and Po. elongata. The new species Parastagonospora dactylidis, P. minima, P. italica, P. uniseptata and P. allouniseptata, Septoriella allojunci and Wojnowicia spartii are also introduced with illustrated accounts and compared with similar taxa. We also describe an asexual morph of a Nodulosphaeria species for the first time.
