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Canalisporium caribense (PRM 831526, holotype). A. Two pulvinate sporodochia on natural substrate. B, C. Conidia still attached to a conidiogenous cell. D. Detached conidia showing septal pores. Sporidesmium tetracoilum (PRC 4681). E. Colony on natural substrate. F. Chains of conidia produced on conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars A, E = 250 μm, B-D, F, G = 20 μm
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Recent progress in the discovery of fungal diversity has been enabled by intensive mycological surveys in centres of global biodiversity. Descriptions of new fungal species have been almost routinely based on phenotypic studies coupled with single or multigene phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data. However, high accessibility of sequencing ser...
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... basal position within the Canalisporium lineage ( Hyde et al., 2019). Interestingly, chains of hyaline globose to subglobose cells were repeatedly observed in specimens identified as C. caribense. To disentangle this conflict in morphological delimitation of C. caribense, we examined the holotype and confirmed the absence of these structures ( Fig. 1B-C). Therefore, collections of this species in Goh et al. (1998) and Day- arathne et al. (2019) (collection MFLU15-3581, erroneously mentioned as the holotype) represent potential further records of C. thailandense worldwide. As C. dehongense is a later synonym of C. thailandense, the following synonymy is proposed: Hyde, Fungal Diversity ...
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... the conidia of F. mackenziei show slight constrictions at the septa and this feature is also in agreement with the protologue of E. valdiviana (Spegazzini 1910). The only visible difference between them is that F. mackenziei apparently has echinulate conidia according to the protologue, although the original illustration ( Fig. 1 p. 210) shows they are smooth. Among species of Endophragmiella, only E. taxi and E. dimorphospora are represented in GenBank and their phylogenetic position is within Helminthosporiaceae (Sordariales) ( Hernandez-Restrepo et al., 2017). ...
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... Europe (Holubová-Jechová 1978;Mel'nik 2000). It usually occurs on dead rotten wood, logs or fallen branches of different species of deciduous trees often growing on the ascomata or around the ostioles of pyrenomycetous fungi, mainly on the stromata of diatrypaceous ascomycetes. Alignment of unpublished ITS sequence from a Czech specimen (Fig. 1E-G) with strains of L. tetracoila deposited in CBS show they are identical. Similarly, alignment of LSU sequence with those belonging to the holotype and a paratype of S. lignicola was almost identical with only 3 out of 480 bps different. Therefore, these two species should be considered conspecific. A new combination is proposed based on ...
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Yungui Plateau is rich in fungal diversity. Hyphomycetes, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy. During an investigation of hyphomycetes in this region, 19 species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were collected in Yungui Plateau.
Both morphological identification and multi-gene phylogen...
Citations
... Several recent publications followed the same vein and argued in favour of a more conservative, 'macrogeneric' approach for fungal taxonomy, especially in the species-rich groups (e.g., Spirin et al. 2018, 2019b, 2019c, Koukol & Delgado 2021, Meiras-Ottoni et al. 2021, Viner et al. 2023. However, merging smaller genera together is not an end in itself, and it should be undertaken only after thorough estimation of further changes the proposed solution would have for the neighbouring taxa. ...
Based on seven-and three-gene datasets, we discuss four alternative approaches for a reclassification of Fomitopsidaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). After taking into account morphological diversity in the family, we argue in favour of distinguishing three genera only, viz. Anthoporia, Antrodia and Fomitopsis. Fomitopsis becomes a large genus with 128 accepted species, containing almost all former Fomitopsis spp. and most species formerly placed in Antrodia, Daedalea and Laccocephalum. Genera Buglossoporus, Cartilosoma, Daedalea, Melanoporia, Neolentiporus, alongside twenty others, are treated as synonyms of Fomitopsis. This generic scheme allows for morphologically distinct genera in Fomitopsidaceae, unlike other schemes we considered. We provide arguments for retaining Fomitopsis and suppressing earlier (Daedalea, Caloporus) or simultaneously published generic names (Piptoporus) considered here as its synonyms. Taxonomy of nine species complexes in the genus is revised based on ITS, ITS + TEF1, ITS + TEF1 + RPB1 and ITS + TEF1 + RPB2 datasets. In total, 17 species are described as new to science, 26 older species are reinstated and 26 currently accepted species names are relegated to synonymy. A condensed identification key for all accepted species in the genus is provided.
... The description of new fungal species is not a simple task (Raja et al. 2017(Raja et al. , 2021, as an integrated molecular and morphological analysis is needed for accurate species delimitation (Taylor et al. 2000, Lücking et al. 2020. This forms a basis for a taxonomic framework that enables to meet the challenges of describing of new fungal species (Raja et al. 2017, Senanayake et al. 2020, Koukol & Delgado 2021. Since the discovery of Escovopsis by Möller (1893), only twelve species of this genus have been described (Seifert et al. 1995, Augustin et al. 2013, Masiulionis et al. 2015, Meirelles et al. 2015a. ...
Escovopsis is a symbiont of fungus-growing ant colonies. Unstandardised taxonomy prevented the evaluation of the morphological diversity of Escovopsis for more than a century. The aim of this study is to create a standardised taxonomic framework to assess the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of Escovopsis . Therefore, to set the foundation for Escovopsis taxonomy and allow interspecific comparisons within the genus, we redescribe the ex-type cultures of Escovopsis aspergilloides , E. clavata , E. lentecrescens , E. microspora , E. moelleri , E. multiformis , and E. weberi . Thus, based on the parameters adopted in this study combined with phylogenetic analyses using five molecular markers, we synonymize E. microspora with E. weberi , and introduce 13 new species isolated from attine nests collected in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama: E. breviramosa , E. chlamydosporosa , E. diminuta , E. elongatistipitata , E. gracilis , E. maculosa , E. papillata , E. peniculiformis , E. phialicopiosa , E. pseudocylindrica , E. rectangula , E. rosisimilis , and E. spicaticlavata . Our results revealed a great interspecific morphological diversity throughout Escovopsis . Notwithstanding, colony growth rates at different temperatures, as well as vesicle shape, appear to be the most outstanding features distinguishing species in the genus. This study fills an important gap in the systematics of Escovopsis that will allow future researchers to unravel the genetic and morphological diversity and species diversification of these attine ant symbionts.
... In contrast, the most specious lineage within Sporidesmiaceae named here the Sporidesmium clade contained taxa with distinct obpyriform conidia having an in ated basal cell with a distinct scar and fewer eusepta. The Lylea clade, on the other hand, includes L. dalbergiae and S. tetracoilum, the latter recently transferred from Lylea to Sporidesmium based on its phylogenetic placement and remarkable morphological resemblance with the anamorph of S. lignicola (Koukol and Delgado 2021). Both species are characterized by 2-4-distoseptate, narrowly obclavate, long fusiform or subcylindrical conidia with tapering, truncate ends and forming long unbranched acropetal chains. ...
The generic limits of the large and polyphyletic genus Ellisembia are redefined in a strict sense based on a recent collection of its type species, E. coronata , on the original host at the type locality in Germany. Multigene phylogenetic analyses revealed that the fungus belongs to Sporidesmiaceae ( Sordariomycetes ) where it groups together with other morphologically similar ellisembia-like taxa in a distinct monophyletic lineage distant from Sporidesmium . Ellisembia is therefore restricted to those members of this novel group having distoseptate conidia and producing none or a few percurrent extensions. Its previous synonymy under Sporidesmium is rejected and four novel combinations are proposed including E. pseudobambusae comb. nov., recently collected on a dead branch of Arundinaria sp. ( Poaceae ) in Texas, USA. To further stabilize the application of this generic name, Ellisembia is lectotypified with an authentic specimen of S. coronatum , the basionym of E. coronata , preserved at G. Additionally, the genus Lomaantha , typified by L. pooga , is expanded and emended to include E. brachypus and related ellisembia-like taxa grouping together in a distinct lineage within Chaetosphaeriaceae ( Sordariomycetes ) distant from Sporidesmiaceae . A reassessed taxonomy for members of this monophyletic clade is proposed including six new combinations. The presence of distinct pores in the conidial distosepta was assessed for this group of species and their developmental processes are described for L. brachypus and L. folliculata based on fresh and herbarium specimens. Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris , which typifies the genus Anasporidesmiella , is reduced to synonymy of L. folliculata upon examination of its type material.
... As a consequence, R. humboldtensis has remained taxonomically obscure and its relationship to the specimen we found on A. araucana was initially only suspected based on the hosts and substrate. This situation has been highlighted by numerous authors who note that a large number of old fungal names remain unsequenced (Brock et al. 2009;Dayarathne et al. 2016) and that conflict with current practices on species recognition which over rely on DNA sequence data (Dayarathne et al. 2016;Koukol and Delgado 2021). In consequence, species that lack associated DNA sequence data (e.g. ...
... In consequence, species that lack associated DNA sequence data (e.g. absent in predominantly used databases such as Gen-Bank) are easily omitted from studies (Aime et al. 2021;Koukol and Delgado 2021). Where possible, efforts need to be made to obtain sequences for the species that lack sequence data, e.g., sequencing old fungarium specimens (Larsson and Jacobsson 2004;Brock et al. 2009;Osmundson et al. 2013) and/or the collection and identification of new strains/specimens (Ariyawansa et al. 2014, Wood et al. 2016; see Gonatobotrys simplex, Crous et al. 2020). ...
Araucaria araucana is an ancient conifer, native to the mountain ranges in Chile and Argentina. These trees host a large number of organisms, mainly insects, strongly or even exclusively associated with them. The recent emergence of a novel canker disease on A. araucana has emphasised the importance of fungi associated with these iconic trees and has resulted in the discovery of various new species. In this study, we considered the identity of an unknown calicioid fungus consistently found on resin on the branches of A. araucana. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses placed isolates in the recently described sub-class Cryptocaliciomycetidae, closest to Cryptocalicium blascoi. However, the morphology of the ascomata and its occurrence in a unique niche suggested that the closest relative could be Resinogalea humboldtensis (Bruceomycetaceae, incertae sedis), a fungus with similar sporing structures found on resin of Araucaria humboldtensis in New Caledonia. There are no living cultures or sequence data available for either R. humboldtensis or its supposed closest relative, Bruceomyces castoris, precluding sequence-based comparisons. Morphological comparisons of the sporing structures on A. araucana confirmed that the ascomatal morphology of our unknown calicioid fungus and R. humboldtensis are almost identical and resemble each other more so than B. castoris or Cr. blascoi. A phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions resolved our strains into two clades with Cr. blascoi as its closest relative. Further analyses applying the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) based on ITS, mini chromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM7), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene regions, confirmed that strains represent two new species. Based on our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce two new Resinogalea species, R. araucana and R. tapulicola, and reclassify the genus in the subclass Cryptocaliciomycetidae.
... Furthermore, the new genus Pseudohelminthosporium (Neomassarinaceae, Pleosporales), was recently proposed with the type species P. clematidis which has fusiform or obclavate, rostrate, euseptate, verrucose, with a thick, black and protruding scars at the base of the conidia. These characteristics fit well with the description of Exosporium ampullaceum (Ellis 1961;Phukhamsakda et al. 2020), therefore, Koukol et al. (2021) proposed Pseudohelminthosporium as a synonym of Neopodoconis. Currently, Neopodoconis is a polyphyletic genus, and three clades are located in different families within Pleosporales. ...
While investigating the diversity of lignicolous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, six fresh collections of Torulaceae were collected and identified based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef1-α , and rpb2 sequence data. Two new species, viz. Neopodoconis yunnanensis and Torula suae , and three new records, viz. T. canangae (new freshwater habitat record), T. masonii (new host record), and T. sundara (new freshwater habitat record) are reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of these species are provided.
... Mycelium subhyaline to pale brown, 1.5-2.5 µm wide in culture. Notes: Canalisporium dehongense was introduced by Hyde et al. [46] from a submerged wood in Yunnan Province, China and has been considered as a later synonym of C. thailandense [47]. However, Goh and Kuo [48] treated Canalisporium dehongense and C. thailandense as distinct species, and this is followed in this study. ...
... These two species have different conidiogenous cells, but were found to have almost identical ITS and LSU sequences and were phylogenetically clustered together (Figure 1). Koukol and Delgado [47] speculated that DNA cross-contamination happened ...
Asexual and sexual morphs of saprobic bambusicolous fungi were collected from freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Sichuan Province, China. Taxonomic identification of these fungi was carried out on the basis of morphological comparison, culture characteristics, and molecular phylogeny. Multi-gene phylogeny based on combined SSU, ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tef1α sequence data was performed to determine their phylogenetic placement, and the result showed that these fungi belong to Savoryellaceae. Morphologically, four asexual morphs are similar to Canalisporium and Dematiosporium, while a sexual morph well-fits to Savoryella. Three new species, Canalisporium sichuanense, Dematiosporium bambusicola, and Savoryella bambusicola are identified and described. Two new records, C. dehongense and D. aquaticum, were recovered from the bamboo hosts in terrestrial and freshwater habitats, respectively. In addition, the nomenclatural confusion of C. dehongense and C. thailandense is discussed.
... The preference of the publication system for novelty against accuracy values the description of taxa new to science higher than the correct identification of described ones. These bad scientific practices lead to the present inflation of new synonyms in mycology (Gams 2016, Koukol & Delgado 2021, Marin-Felix & Miller 2022. ...
DNA sequence-based species identification and phylogeny have become indispensable in biological sciences. The DNA sequence databases, however, are flooded with more data than can be curated, leaving increasing responsibility to the users in order to minimize errors due to wrong information. Since many publications deal with the principles of DNA barcoding, but do not practically explain the verification of BLAST results, we here present some simple guidelines from a taxonomical view and experience as users for other users. We suggest eight recommendations for using BLAST to ensure that the most appropriate names according to the state of art are attributed to the sequences and provide examples.
... However, the present study found that only these three regions cannot provide better species description resolution following the same observations as in Norphanphoun et al. (2019), Huanaluek et al. (2019) and Xiong et al. (2022). Although the overlapping morphology is used to define species under the same growth conditions as previous studies, thorough morphological characterization is needed to identify new species (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014, Nozawa et al. 2017, Norphanphoun et al. 2019, Koukol et al. 2021. Therefore, the molecular based polyphasic method is important for identifying species and genera of pestalotiod taxa, such as PHI analysis , Tsai et al. 2018, Maharachichikumbura et al. 2021. ...
Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.); Farwell is an epiphytic fern belonging to Polypodiaceae. As a plant with high medicinal value, Py. lingua has been introduced and cultivated in worldwide. In this study, Py. lingua samples were collected in Guangzhou city, Guangdong Province, China, and endophytic fungal strains were obtained using tissue isolation. Isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic approaches. The phylogenetic analyses and pairwise homoplasy index was done using the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef 1-α). Based on the combined approaches, a new species, Pestalotiopsis linguae and a new host record, P. nanjingensis have been identified. This is the first recorded Pestalotiopsis species on Py. lingua worldwide. The species descriptions and illustrations have been provided for the new species and the host record. The results of this study have an important contribution to understanding the endophytic fungal diversity of Py. lingua and provide an essential platform for better research on the application value of Py. lingua plants in the future.
... Considering that T. conorumpiceae was not represented by any ITS sequence in GenBank before 2018, these two species seem to be conspecific. The older epithet was overlooked by excessive emphasis placed on molecular data in description of T. spartii (Koukol et Delgado 2021). ...
Microfungi colonising coniferous needles in litter were intensively studied in previous decades, but forest stands on serpentine soils have been overlooked. Also, the effects of microclimatic conditions on fungal communities in coniferous litter are unknown. In our study, we aimed to characterise communities of culturable microfungi colonising pine litter needles collected from two types of Scots pine forest growing on serpentine bedrock, i.e. dense forest with relatively stable microclimatic conditions and open-canopy forest on exposed rock with highly variable conditions. The composition of their fungal communities was analysed in respect to microclimatic conditions at the collection sites.
Using a combination of phenotypic and molecular data sequences of ITS rDNA), 35 taxa were distinguished in 1078 fungal colonies recorded, out of which 25 were identified to the species level.
Fungal communities were most affected by needle type (litter vs. fermentation layer) followed by maximum temperature during the previous five months. Interestingly, a higher number and abundance of species were recorded at the warmer site, in the open-canopy forest. Dominant fungi recorded in this study (Desmazierella acicola, Phacidium lacerum and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola) were mostly identical to those recorded in previous studies and the occurrence of less abundant taxa previously not recorded in pine litter suggests that the uppermost litter layer represents an important reservoir of fungal diversity.
... P. bauhiniae, P. clematidis, P. ellipsoideum, P. pseudoellipsoideum, P. thailandicum) are accepted in Species Fungorum [53]. However, Koukol and Delgado [54] argued that Pleopunctum clematidis should be a synonym of P. bauhiniae (=Hermatomyces bauhiniae). Members in the genus have appeared to be saprobic on dead twigs of deciduous hosts in terrestrial habitats [45,[55][56][57]. ...
In the course of investigating the systematics of woody litter micromycete associates in Yunnan Province, China, we found one new species in Phaeoseptaceae, one new genus and three new species in Sulcatisporaceae from 16 specimens collected (ten collections of ascomycetous teleomorphs, four collections of hyphomycetous and two collections of coelomycetes anamorphs) from Ailaoshan, Chuxiong, Diqing, Honghe, Kunming, Lancang, Mengla and Yuxi in Yunnan Province. These taxonomic novelties were recognized with the aid of morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of multiple gene sequences (non-translated loci and protein-coding regions). Pleopunctum menglaense sp. nov. is accommodated in Phaeoseptaceae (Pleosporales) based on its hyphomycetous anamorph, which is characterized by superficial sporodochia on the host surface, macronematous, mononematous, cylindrical, unbranched, aseptate, hyaline and smooth-walled conidiophores, monoblastic, terminal, hyaline conidiogenous cells, hyaline, muriform α conidia, and brown, muriform β conidia with tri-lobed wing like basal cells. Kazuakitanaka gen. nov. (type: K. yuxiensis) is introduced in Sulcatisporaceae (Massarineae, Pleosporales) for a saprobic ascomycete with teleomorphic and anamorphic (coelomycetous) features. The teleomorph possesses globose to subglobose ascomata with acentric ostiole, a peridial wall of textura angularis to textura prismatica, cylindric-clavate, pedicellate asci with an ocular chamber, and 1–2-septate, hyaline, fusiform, guttulate ascospores with a distinct mucilaginous sheath. The anamorph features pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic, ampulliform to cylindrical, hyaline conidiogenous cells and ampulliform to cylindrical, one-to-three-septate, hyaline, guttulate conidia. Loculosulcatispora was known only from its anamorph of L. thailandica. We observed the teleomorph of Loculosulcatispora hongheensis sp. nov. and amended the generic description of Loculosulcatispora accordingly. Loculosulcatispora hongheensis is characterized by globose to subglobose ascomata with a central ostiole, a peridial wall of textura angularis to globosa, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci with a short pedicel and a minute ocular chamber and hyaline, fusiform, 1-septate ascospores with a thick irregular mucilaginous sheath. This study provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on dead woody litter in terrestrial habitats.
