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-Cryptosphaeria halophila Dayarathne & K.D.Hyde, sp. nov. (MFLU 16-1199 -holotype): A, host (Avicennia sp.); B, horizontal section through conidioma; C-E, conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; F-I, conidia. Scale bars: A, 100 μm; B-E, 50 μm; F-I, 20 μm.
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Marine diatrypaceous fungi are associated with many host species, including Avicennia spp., Halosarceia halocnemoides (Nees) Paul G.Wilson, Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, Salicornia sp., Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. Accurate morphological identification of individual taxa of this family is difficult, as previous classif...
Citations
... Members of Diatrypaceae have a widespread distribution in aquatic and terrestrial environments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] with diverse lifestyles, such as saprobes, endophytes, and pathogens, on a wide range of crops and woody plants [3][4][5][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Most genera in this family are wood-dwelling [6,12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. ...
... J. Fungi 2023,9, 1151 ...
Diatrypaceae members have a broad distribution and are commonly found on decaying wood. Despite taxonomic and morphological challenges within this group, there has been a growing interest in Diatrypaceae in recent years. The dead branches of several plant hosts with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Doi Tung National Park, Chiang Rai, and the Narathiwat Provinces in Thailand. Their morphological characteristics, coupled with a molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 sequence data, were used to introduce two novel Allodiatrype species (A. dalbergiae and A. eleiodoxae) and one new Melanostictus species (M. chiangraiensis). Moreover, four new host records, Diatrypella heveae, D. major, Melanostictus thailandicus, and Paraeutypella citricola on Microcos paniculata, Nayariophyton zizyphifolium, Dalbergia cultrata, and M. paniculata, respectively, as well as a new geographical record of D. major are reported. This research provides detailed descriptions of macro- and microcharacteristics, coupled with a phylogenetic tree for the newly introduced species and host records. The morphological features of Allodiatrype and Melanostictus are listed in the synoptic table.
... Cryptosphaeria avicenniae and C. halophila were described as new species from the marine environment based on phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA and from India, based on ITS and β-tubulin genes for C. avicenniae and of 18S and 28S rDNA for C. halophila (Dayarathne et al. 2020b). However, the different trees shown in the study suggested that Cryptosphaeria was not a monophyletic genus. ...
... However, the different trees shown in the study suggested that Cryptosphaeria was not a monophyletic genus. Cryptosphaeria avicenniae is morphologically similar to Cryptosphaeria bathurstensis in terms of both the sexual and asexual stages but differs in the morphology of the asci and ascospore (Dayarathne et al. 2020b;Hyde and Rappaz 1993). Cryptosphaeria halophila is an asexual fungus which is morphologically similar to C. avicenniae. ...
... Cryptosphaeria halophila is an asexual fungus which is morphologically similar to C. avicenniae. The phylogenetic position of C. halophila was unstable in different analyses based on 18S and 28S rDNA genes (Dayarathne et al. 2020b Material examined: USA, Tilia americana, wood, in seawater; Culture isolated by S.P. Meyers, No. F-123, Sept. 1960 (Holotype); USA Florida, Marine Laboratory, Univ. Miami. ...
This article revises the documented diversity of known marine fungi from nine phyla, 33 classes, 107 orders, 273 families, 767 genera and 1898 species reported worldwide. A member of the Aphelidiomycota, Pseudaphelidium drebesii, is reported for the first time from the marine environment, on a diatom. Likewise, the phylum Mortierellomycota is listed following taxonomic changes, as are six subclasses: Chaetothyriomycetidae, Savoryellomycetidae, Sclerococcomycetidae, Agaricostilbomycetidae, Auriculariomycetidae and Aphelidiomycotina. Thirty-three orders and 105 family names with marine species are added to the checklist, along with 641 species in 228 genera, bringing the total to 1898. New additions of species added to the list of marine fungi are highlighted. Four new combinations are proposed: Stigmatodiscus mangrovei, Diaporthe krabiensis and Diaporthe xylocarpi, while the hyphomycete Humicola alopallonella is referred to the genus Halosphaeriopsis, as Halosphaeriopsis alopallonella.
... He recorded 19 species (11 ascomycetes and 8 asexual ascomycetes) from 60 samples of dead wood of Avicennia marina and driftwood that were collected from Tarut Island mangroves, Saudi Arabia. Of these 19 species, 14 were new records for Saudi Arabia and 9 were new to science, of which Halocryptovalsa avicenniae was formally described(Abdel-Wahab et al. 2017;Dayarathne et al. 2020b). ...
Early research on marine fungi was mostly descriptive, with an emphasis on their diversity and taxonomy, especially of those collected at rocky shores on seaweeds and driftwood. Subsequently, further substrata (e.g. salt marsh grasses, marine animals, seagrasses, sea foam, seawater, sediment) and habitats (coral reefs, deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, mangroves, sandy beaches, salt marshes) were explored for marine fungi. In parallel, research areas have broadened from micro-morphology to ultrastructure, ecophysiology, molecular phylogenetics, biogeography, biodeterioration, biodegradation, bioprospecting, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Although marine fungi only constitute a small fraction of the global mycota, new species of marine fungi continue to be described from new hosts/substrata of unexplored locations/habitats, and novel bioactive metabolites have been discovered in the last two decades, warranting a greater collaborative research effort. Marine fungi of Africa, the Americas and Australasia are under-explored, while marine Chytridiomycota and allied taxa, fungi associated with marine animals, the functional roles of fungi in the sea, and the impacts of climate change on marine fungi are some of the topics needing more attention. In this article, currently active marine mycologists from different countries have written on the history and current state of marine fungal research in individual countries highlighting their strength in the subject, and this represents a first step towards a collaborative inter- and transdisciplinary research strategy.
... Diatrypaceae Nitschke, an important family of Xylariales, was introduced by Nitschke (1869) with Diatrype Fr. as the type genus [1][2][3]. Members of Diatrypaceae are world-wide in distribution, and, some species parasitize plants and cause plant diseases, which are plant pathogens [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. ...
... and De Not.) De Not., Eutypa Tul. and C. Tul., and Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., were performed, and suggesting a polyphyletic origin for the five genera [4]. More recently, many diatrypaceous taxa were described and illustrated based on morphological characters and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses [8][9][10][11]18,[22][23][24]. The taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Diatrype have not been so well studied in China. ...
Two new species of Diatrype collected in northeast China are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Diatrype larissae from Heilongjiang Province is characterised by having 3–6 perithecia in a stroma, asci polysporous, ascospores allantoid, aseptate, slightly or moderately curved, subhyaline. Diatrype betulaceicola from Inner Mongolia has large stroma with 5–14 perithecia, perithecium immersed, asci polysporous, long-stalked, ascospores allantoid, aseptate, slightly curved, subhyaline. The phylogenies inferred from the data set of nrDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and beta-tubulin (β-tubulin) supported the two new species both as members in the genus Diatrype and distinct species. The morphological similarities and dissimilarities of the new species with phylogenetically close relatives are discussed. A dichotomous identification key to the Diatrype spp. known from China is proposed.
... These include three novel genera: Thyridariella (T. (Phookamsak et al. 2019), Halocryptosphaeria avicenniae (Dayarathne et al. 2020b), Lanspora cylindrospora, Verruconis mangrovei (Hyde et al. 2020b), Biatriospora borsei (Hongsanan et al. 2020), Fusicolla bharathavarshae (Jones et al. 2020), Peroneutypa polysporae, P. indica, Phaeoseptum carolshearerianum, and Ph. manglicola (Dayarathne et al. 2020a). ...
Fungi occur in mangroves as saprobes, pathogens, and endophytes of a wide range of timber host substrates and may also be isolated from the water column and bottom sediments. In this study, we explore their biodiversity within a single mangrove forest at Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, India. The study showed a rich diversity of fungi on five decaying host substrates (out of seven host substrates) collected in the intertidal zone, resulting in 78 marine fungal taxa in 67 genera from 11 field collections and 6215 samples. Of the 78 taxa, 56 species (in 47 genera) belong to the Ascomycota and two species (2 genera) to Basidiomycota with the remaining 20 species representing asexual fungi (18 genera). Some fungal species were repeatedly reported: Verruculina enalia (21.65%) was the most frequently collected fungus; Marinosphaera mangrovei (9.2%), Rimora mangrovei (9.15%), Okeanomyces cucullatus (8.7%), Halocryptosphaeria bathurstensis (6%) in the frequent category, Paraconiothyrium cyclothyroides (4.5%), Hysterium rhizophorae (3.5%), Sclerococcum haliotrephum (3.6%), Lulworthia sp. (3.6%), and Farasanispora avicenniae (3%) were infrequently collected. Of the host substrates, Avicennia marina wood pieces harbored 49 fungal species of which 19 were unique. Two-way ANOVA revealed that fungal species richness was not affected irrespective of the collection season (P = 0.239) but was significantly dependent on the wood species (P < 0.001).
... However, it is not unusual to deal with marine fungi that neither sporulate nor develop reproductive structures in axenic culture. Therefore, the identification of sterile mycelia must rely on molecular data [4,[14][15][16][17]. In light of valuable biotechnological exploitations of marine fungi, correct taxonomic placement of sterile mycelia is necessary. ...
The order Lulworthiales, with its sole family Lulworthiaceae, consists of strictly marine genera found on a wide range of substrates such as seagrasses, seaweeds, and seafoam. Twenty-one unidentified Lulworthiales were isolated in previous surveys aimed at broadening our understanding of the biodiversity hosted in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, these organisms, mostly found in association with Posidonia oceanica and with submerged woods, were examined using thorough multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny based on nrITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, and four protein-coding genes led to the introduction of three novel species of the genus Paralulworthia: P. candida, P. elbensis, and P. mediterranea. Once again, the marine environment is a confirmed huge reservoir of novel fungal lineages with an under-investigated biotechnological potential waiting to be explored.
... Members of Diatrypaceae occur on a wide range of hosts in terrestrial and marine environments worldwide, some of which are important plant pathogens (Moyo et al. 2018a;Mehrabi et al. 2019;Dayarathne et al. 2020;Konta et al. 2020 Tul. And Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., are responsible for canker diseases in grapevine (Trouillas et al. 2011;Gao et al. 2013;Moyo et al. 2018b). ...
... Phylogenetic analyses were performed by searching homologous sequence data of the family Diatrypaceae in the GenBank database, selected from NCBI and recently published papers (Mehrabi et al. 2019;Dayarathne et al. 2020;Konta et al. 2020;Dissanayake et al. 2021;Zhu et al. 2021). After the preliminary identification results of the sequences, multiple sequence alignments (ITS and β-tubulin) were aligned using Bi-oEdit v. 7.0 (Hall 1999 ...
In this study, fungal specimens of the family Diatrypaceae were collected from karst areas in Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morpho-molecular analyses confirmed that these new collections comprise a new genus Pseudodiatrype , three new species ( Diatrype lancangensis , Diatrypella pseudooregonensis and Eutypa cerasi ), a new combination ( Diatrypella oregonensis ), two new records ( Allodiatrype thailandica and Diatrypella vulgaris ) from China and two other known species ( Neoeutypella baoshanensis and Paraeutypella citricola ). The new taxa are introduced, based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, β-tubulin), as well as morphological analyses. The new genus Pseudodiatrype is characterised by its wart-like stromata with 5–20 ascomata immersed in one stroma and the endostroma composed of thin black outer and inner layers of large white cells with thin, powdery, yellowish cells. These characteristics separate this genus from two similar genera Allodiatrype and Diatrype . Based on morphological as well as phylogenetic analyses, Diatrype lancangensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrype . The stromata of Diatrype lancangensis are similar to those of D. subundulata and D. undulate , but the ascospores are larger. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Diatrype oregonensis is transferred to the genus Diatrypella as Diatrypella oregonensis while Diatrypella pseudooregonensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrypella with 8 spores in an ascus. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show that Eutypa cerasi is closely related to E. lata , but the ascomata and asci of Eutypa cerasi are smaller. The polyphyletic nature of some genera of Diatrypaceae has led to confusion in the classification of the family, thus we discuss whether the number of ascospores per asci can still be used as a basis for classification.
... A total of 14 taxa were documented in Salicornia. Eleven of these belong to Dothideomycetes (Pleosporales: 10; Capnodiales: 1), followed by Sordariomycetes (two taxa: Halocryptovalsa salicorniae [145], Tubercularia pulverulenta [35]), and Pucciniomycetes (one taxon: Uromyces salicorniae [95]). ...
... Many salt marsh areas remain unexplored, especially those in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and these areas are hotspots of biodiversity and novel fungal taxa based on the exploration of various habitats [85,100,163,[182][183][184][185][186][187]. Recently, novel species were isolated in halophytes [85,100,145] and further taxa remain to be discovered, isolated, and sequenced, while vast areas worldwide have yet to be surveyed. For example, salt marsh plants are immensely numerous, diverse, and common along the south-east coast of Australia, yet little is known of their fungal associates [188]. ...
This review brings together the research efforts on salt marsh fungi, including their geographical distribution and host association. A total of 486 taxa associated with different hosts in salt marsh ecosystems are listed in this review. The taxa belong to three phyla wherein Ascomycota dominates the taxa from salt marsh ecosystems accounting for 95.27% (463 taxa). The Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota constitute 19 taxa and four taxa, respectively. Dothideomycetes has the highest number of taxa, which comprises 47.12% (229 taxa), followed by Sordariomycetes with 167 taxa (34.36%). Pleosporales is the largest order with 178 taxa recorded. Twenty-seven genera under 11 families of halophytes were reviewed for its fungal associates. Juncus roemerianus has been extensively studied for its associates with 162 documented taxa followed by Phragmites australis (137 taxa) and Spartina alterniflora (79 taxa). The highest number of salt marsh fungi have been recorded from Atlantic Ocean countries wherein the USA had the highest number of species recorded (232 taxa) followed by the UK (101 taxa), the Netherlands (74 taxa), and Argentina (51 taxa). China had the highest number of salt marsh fungi in the Pacific Ocean with 165 taxa reported, while in the Indian Ocean, India reported the highest taxa (16 taxa). Many salt marsh areas remain unexplored, especially those habitats in the Indian and Pacific Oceans areas that are hotspots of biodiversity and novel fungal taxa based on the exploration of various habitats.
... It is not uncommon, as it is in this case, to come across marine fungi that neither sporulate nor develop reproductive structures in axenic culture, leaving traditional morphology-based identification impossible. Consequently, the identification of these sterile mycelia must rely on molecular data [30][31][32][33]. ...
The genus Corollospora, typified by the arenicolous fungus Corollospora maritima, consists of twenty-five cosmopolitan species that live and reproduce exclusively in marine environments. Species of this genus are known to produce bioactive compounds and can be potentially exploited as bioremediators of oil spill contaminated beaches; hence their biotechnological importance. In this paper, nine fungal strains isolated in the Mediterranean Sea, from the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, from driftwood and seawater contaminated by an oil spill, were investigated. The strains, previously identified as Corollospora sp., were examined by deep multi-loci phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny based on seven genetic markers led to the introduction of a new species complex within the genus Corollospora: Corollospora mediterranea species complex (CMSC). The Mediterranean Sea, once again, proves an extraordinary reservoir of novel fungal species with a still undiscovered biotechnological potential.
... Taxa in Diatrypaceae are characterized by perithecial ascomata, usually embedded in a black stroma, cylindric-clavate to clavate, long pedicellate asci and allantoid ascospores (Glawe & Rogers 1984, Rappaz 1987, Mehrabi et al. 2015, De Almeida et al. 2016, Dayarathne et al. 2016, 2019c. Both coelomycetes (Cytosporina, Libertella) and hyphomycetes (Phaeoisaria) have been documented as asexual morphs of Diatrypaceae (Glawe & Rogers 1984, Wijayawardene et al. 2012, 2017a, b, De Almeida et al. 2016, Mehrabi et al. 2016. ...
... However, recently Phaeoisaria has been linked to the family Pleurotheciaceae (Luo et al. 2018, Wijayawardene et al. 2018). Subsequently, Allocryptovalsa, Halodiatrype, and Halocryptovalsa were added to the family by Senwanna et al. (2017) and Dayarathne et al. (2016Dayarathne et al. ( , 2019c. Diatrype was established by Fries (1849)with Diatrype disciformis as the type species with taxa often found on decaying wood (Dayarathne et al. 2019c). ...
... Subsequently, Allocryptovalsa, Halodiatrype, and Halocryptovalsa were added to the family by Senwanna et al. (2017) and Dayarathne et al. (2016Dayarathne et al. ( , 2019c. Diatrype was established by Fries (1849)with Diatrype disciformis as the type species with taxa often found on decaying wood (Dayarathne et al. 2019c). Several species are reported as canker forming pathogens on forest trees (Senanayake et al. 2015). ...
Our investigation of saprobic marine fungi in India, Thailand, Sweden and the UK yielded 57 species accommodated in 26 families. In the present study, we describe two new genera, 37 new species and 15 new host records. Novel genera, Halocryptosphaeria and Halotestudina are introduced within Diatrypaceae (Xylariales) and Testudinaceae (Xenoacremonium brunneosporum are introduced based on multigene analyses and morphological studies. This study also provides insights into the diversity of fungi from marine based habitats and confirm that they occupy diverse marine niches. We also demonstrate how marine based substrates, including sand dunes, are fascinating substrates for discovering novel taxa. All taxa described herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens supported by multigene phylogenies to better integrate taxa into higher taxonomic framework and infer their phylogenetic relationships as well as establish new species.
