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The present research study deals with the evaluation of sixty four methanolic and aqueous extracts of thirty Yemeni plants used in traditional medicine for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines in a microtiter plate assay based on cellular staining with crystal violet, for their antimicrobial activity again...
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... the MIC-values were determined only against Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC values are reported in Table 3. In a gen- eral, among the investigated extracts the methanolic extracts exhibited the greatest antimicrobial effect. ...
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... most effective plant was Boswellia socotrana, of which the meth- anolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial effect against all tested microorganisms ( Table 2). The lowest MIC values were obtained against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococuss flavus by the meth- anolic extracts of Boswellia species (125 μg/ml) (Table 3). Table 4 presents the IC 50 values for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the investigated 26 methanolic extracts. ...
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... methanol extracts of seven plants, namely: Acacia pen- nivenia, Acridocarpus socotranus, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana, Commiphora ornifolia, Euphorbia socotrana, and Lannea transulta showed a high effective free radical scavenging in the DPPH assay (Table 3). These extracts exhibited a noticeable antioxidant effect at low concentrations (Table 3). ...
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... methanol extracts of seven plants, namely: Acacia pen- nivenia, Acridocarpus socotranus, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana, Commiphora ornifolia, Euphorbia socotrana, and Lannea transulta showed a high effective free radical scavenging in the DPPH assay (Table 3). These extracts exhibited a noticeable antioxidant effect at low concentrations (Table 3). So the methanolic extracts of Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana and Commiphora ornifolia exhibited a great antioxidant effect at 50 μg/ml (78, 89, 88% and 85%, respectively), comparing with the effect of ascorbic acid at this concen- tration (Table 3). ...
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... extracts exhibited a noticeable antioxidant effect at low concentrations (Table 3). So the methanolic extracts of Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana and Commiphora ornifolia exhibited a great antioxidant effect at 50 μg/ml (78, 89, 88% and 85%, respectively), comparing with the effect of ascorbic acid at this concen- tration (Table 3). The hot aqueous extracts of all investi- gated plants showed only weak antioxidant effect (Table 3). ...
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... the methanolic extracts of Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana and Commiphora ornifolia exhibited a great antioxidant effect at 50 μg/ml (78, 89, 88% and 85%, respectively), comparing with the effect of ascorbic acid at this concen- tration (Table 3). The hot aqueous extracts of all investi- gated plants showed only weak antioxidant effect (Table 3). ...
Citations
... It is also reported that in Ethiopia, Dichrocephala integrifolia is a traditional remedy for the treatment of wound infections and other ailments [28]. is plant is known as "vawk-ek-a-tum-tual" in India (mizo) and it is decoction is used to treat kidney diseases, cancer, and microbial infections [29]. e population of Nepal and Yemen uses Dichrocephala integrifolia in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases [30,31]. In Cameroon, this plant locally known as "mbag," "api," "ngninada elokn," "kévé," and "ganki" is used as a therapy for fever, diarrhea, hypertension, malaria, asthma, inflammatory diseases, stomach ulcers, memory impairment and liver dysfunctions [32][33][34][35][36]. e chemical constituents of D. integrifolia includes: diterpene lactones, sesquiterpenes lactones, sterols, dichrocephol, dicaffeoylquinic, saponins, alkaloids anthraquinones, and flavonoids [26,37]. ...
Ethanol consumption is widely accepted despite its addictive properties and its mind-altering effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of Dichrocephala integrifolia against, memory impairment, on a mouse model of chronic and binges ethanol feeding. Mice were divided, into groups of 8 animals each, and received distilled water, Dichrocephala integrifolia aqueous extract (25; 50; 100; or 200 mg/kg) or memantine (200 mg/kg) once a day, while fe, with Lieber-DeCarli control (sham group only) or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet ad libitum for 28 days. The Y maze and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used to evaluate spatial short-term and recognition memory, respectively. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione levels, and proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6) were evaluated in brain homogenates following behavioral assessments. The results showed that chronic ethanol administration in mice was associated with a significant ( p < 0.001 ) reduction in the spontaneous alternation percentage and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and the NOR tests, respectively. It significantly ( p < 0.01 ) increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers levels in the brain. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) as well as memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly ( p < 0.001 ) increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) likewise memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly ( p < 0.01 ) alleviated ethanol-induced increase, in the brain malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide, Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6. From these findings, it can be concluded that Dichrocephala integrifolia counteracted memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by chronic ethanol consumption in mice.
... Trees A. eminens (Ayana, 2015) endoparasites of cattle are among the reported traditional uses of this genus in Ethiopia (Wube et al., 2006;Wube et al., 2005;Schmelzer et al., 2008;Dagne & Steglich, 1984;Meshesha et al., 2017;Yineger et al., 2007;Yineger et al., 2008). In other African countries, it is used in treatment of pain, prolonged periods in women, skin infections, tuberculosis, fever, infertility and as snake deterrent (Schmelzer et al., 2008;Bringmann et al., 2008;Ramarumo et al., 2019;Mothana et al., 2009;Mugomeri et al., 2016;Sagbo & Mbeng, 2018;Sema et al., 2018). Different parts of thLe plants such as leaves, roots, root bulb, stems, rhizomes and flowers are used in treatment of many ailments in traditional practices. ...
... The antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of K. sumarae was tested in vitro against three human cancer cell lines; 5637, MCF-7, A-427 and showed an IC 50 values of greater than 50 lg/mL (Mothana et al., 2009). The cytotoxicity of knipholone (20) and knipholone anthrone (21) from K. foliosa was examined on leukaemic and melonocyte cancer cell lines (Habtemariam, 2010). ...
... The free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of K. sumarae was studied and reported to be 2.0, 6.8, 16.5, 66.1, 91.0 % at 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 lg/mL, respectively (Mothana et al., 2009). The antioxidant activity of knipholone (20) from the roots of K. foliosa was examined using various in vitro assay systems including free radical scavenging, nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation, and metal chelation (Wube et al., 2006). ...
Genus Kniphofia and Aloe belong to Asphodeloideae and Alooideae subfamily of Asphodelaceae respectively. Asphodelaceae is a family of lily-related monocotyledonic flowering plants with 2 subfamilies, 16 genera and about 780 species distributed in arid and mesic regions of the temperate, subtropical and tropical zones of the old world, with the main center of diversity in southern Africa. The genus Kniphofia has about 70 species distributed in eastern and southern Africa, including the 7 species known to occur in Ethiopia, of which 5 species are endemic. Aloe is the largest genus among the Asphodelaceae family and it comprises of more than 400 species that are widely distributed in Africa, India, and other arid areas, with the major diversity in South Africa. The leaves of Kniphofia species are non-succulent, unlike the leaves of Aloe species. Aloe species are distinguished by having fleshy and cuticularized leaves usually with spiny margins. Kniphofia species have regular flowers with fused tepals while Aloe species have regular flowers with free tepals. Both Kniphofia and Aloe species have been employed in ethno pharmacology and have provided many bioactive compounds through phytochemical-pharmacological research works. They are traditionally used for treatment of various diseases by herbalists. Both genus elaborate naphthoquinone, preanthraquinone, anthraquinones and alkaloids in common. Additionally, Kniphofia elaborates benzene, naphthalene, and phloroglucinol derivatives while Aloe produces anthrones and chromones. The genus Kniphofia is rich in Knipholone type compounds while the genus Aloe is rich in anthrone-C-glycosides. Secondary metabolites isolated from the two genus have wide range of pharmacological activities such as antiplasmodial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. There is no published review article on the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of the genus Kniphofia and only few review articles are available on the genus Aloe. In this review, an attempt is made to present pharmacological activities and secondary metabolites reported to date from genus Kniphofia and Aloe. Secondary metabolites reported from both plant genus have interesting biological activities so the authors of this review paper strongly recommend studies on toxicity of these compounds and their structural activity relationship so as to develop new pharmaceutical drug.
... The Commiphora myrrha plant's oleo-gum resins were shown to have broad spectrum action against all of the fungus in both of the extracts tested. The terpenoids determined in phytochemical screening are mostly responsible for this effect (Mothana et al., 2009). ...
... Mothana et al. reported excellent cytotoxic activities of C. maximus with IC 50 <50 lg mL À1 against several cancer cell lines. It also revealed notable antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive multi-resistant bacteria with MIC values < 500 lgmL À1 (Mothana et al. 2009). Notable antioxidant activity was reported for the ethanolic extract of C. maximus, probably due to the presence of flavonoids such ...
... The strongest activity was observed with compounds 3 and 7 against B. subtilis ATCC 6633, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. pyogenes ATCC 27736, with MIC estimates between 8 and 16 mg/mL. Notably, the evaluated antimicrobial effects of the isolated compounds, in particular sesquiterpene lactones, confirmed and explained the previously reported pronounced antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract C. maximus reported by Mothana et al. (Mothana et al. 2009) against Gram-positive bacteria including some multi-resistant Staphylococcus strains. ...
A new sesquiterpene lactone, 3β,10α-dihydroxy-10β-(hydroxymethyl)-8α-(4-hydroxymethacrylate)-1αH,5αH,6βH,7αH-guai-4(15), 11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (1), along with twenty-one known compounds, were identified from the aerial parts of Centaurothamnus maximus. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and correlated with known compounds. Compounds (2, 3, 5‒13 and 15‒22) were identified from C. maximus for the first time. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the isolated compounds were tested using the agar disc diffusion method. Compounds that demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity were evaluated for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that compounds 3 and 7 were the most effective antibacterial compounds against B. subtilis ATCC 6633, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. pyogenes ATCC 27736, with MIC estimates between 8 and 32 mg/mL. In addition, compound 2 exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 14243 and C. krusei ATCC 14243 with MIC 8 mg/mL.
... A 2 mL solution of thioamides (2a-f) or thiazoles (3a, 3b, 3d-f) was mixed with 3 mL of DPPH and allowed to stand in dark at room temperature. DPPH absorbance was measured at 517 nm after 30 min and 60 min using a spectrophotometer [15]. The following equation was used to calculate the antioxidant activity: ...
In the present study, a new series of 3-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides 2 were synthesized either by the reaction of (E)-3-aryl-1-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 1 with thiosemicarbazide or by one-pot reaction of 3-acetyl-2,5-dichlorothiophene with the corresponding aldehyde and thiosemicarbazide. Additionally, 2-(3-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-phenylthiazoles 3 were synthesized in 46–89% yields by the reflux of carbothioamides 2 with 2-bromoacetophenone. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, and mass spectrometry analysis (MS). All new compounds were evaluated as antimicrobial and antioxidants. Compound (3b) exhibited moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium fimorum, 14 ± 0.5 mm and 18 ± 0.75 mm, respectively, while the other synthesized compounds did not show activity against the tested microbes. The most potent antioxidant activity showed by compound (2a) and (2e) with 95.2% and 96.3%, which considered good to excellent antioxidant activity compared with the control (ascorbic acid) and other synthesized compounds. Molecular docking study of the new compounds with cytochrome P450 14 alpha-sterol demethylase (CYP51) was carried out to evaluate their possibility as drugs and to implement structural improvements for this purpose. All synthesized compounds exhibited good affinity with (CYP51), notably, (3a) and (3b) compounds showed the highest affinity with the lowest binding energies.
... Therefore the Methanolic extract plants were sensitive compared to the Chloroform and Aqueous extract plants and this result is in agreement with Sampimona et al.[36] The most effective antibacterial activity was recorded for Vitex negundo showed more sensitivity to the cultures other than the two plants and showed marked level antibacterial activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus species and induce inhibition zone these results were in agreement with Mothana et al.[37] Evaluation of antibacterial activity by MIC different plant extracts of Erythrina variegata, Cissus quadrangularis and Vitex negundo with different solvents (Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Acetone and Methanol) against Gram's-positive Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus species. The MIC value of Vitex negundo shows more sensitivity to the cultures other than the two plants. ...
... Despite various studies conducted over the past ten years, the pharmacological and chemical properties of only a small group of traditionally used medicinal herbs have been evaluated. (Awadh et al., 2001; Mothana and Lindequist, 2005; Mothana et al., 2009) [4,23,22] . Parthenium hysterophorus grows in southern Yemen and is widely used by the local population to treat various ailments, including rheumatic pains and colds. ...
... Despite various studies conducted over the past ten years, the pharmacological and chemical properties of only a small group of traditionally used medicinal herbs have been evaluated. (Awadh et al., 2001; Mothana and Lindequist, 2005; Mothana et al., 2009) [4,23,22] . Parthenium hysterophorus grows in southern Yemen and is widely used by the local population to treat various ailments, including rheumatic pains and colds. ...
Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) grows in Yemen and is widely used by the local people to treat various diseases including rheumatic pain and cold. There is a lack of pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological information about this plant in the available literature, so the present research aims to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics, chemical constitution, and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from the aerial parts. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as well as physicochemical parameter were established; phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, amino acid, protein, saponins, triterpenes, sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified in the studied extracts. The total phenolic content was 121.00, 95.30 mg/g in 80% methanol and water extracts respectively, but the total flavonoid content was 81.85, 23.00 mg/g in 80% methanol and water extracts respectively. TLC profile was performed for petroleum ether, 80% methanol and water extracts as well as for the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions obtained from the 80% methanol extract. Ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were exhibited antioxidant activity by dot-blot DPPH method and by TLC bioautography assay. The antioxidant activity was 28.74±5.21 % and 78.77±4.40 % for the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The aerial parts of Pisadia punctulata are considered a promising candidate for the production of natural antioxidant agents due to the many compounds they contain.
... has been characterized for its various in vitro biological activities such as anti-cell proliferative, free-radical scavenging, and anti-microbial potential. 21,22 We have recently reported the in vivo wound healing property of the methanol extract of E. schimperi grown in Saudi Arabia. 23 Several biologically active chemical constituents such as luteolin, scopoletin, kaempferol, flavonoid glycosides, and triterpenoids have been isolated from E. schimperi. ...
Natural or plant products, because of their structural diversity, are a potential source for identifying new anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents. Here, we report the anti-HBV activity of Euphorbia schimperi and its quercetin (QRC) and kaempferol derivatives. The anti-HBV-active methanol fraction of E. schimperi was subjected to chromatographic techniques, leading to isolation of three flavonols, following their structure determination by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Their cytotoxicity and anti-HBV potential were assessed using HBV reporter HepG2.2.15 cells, and their modes of action were delineated by molecular docking. The isolated compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Q3R), and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (K3G) were non-cytotoxic to HepG2.2.15 cells. The viral HBsAg/HBeAg production on day 5 was significantly inhibited by K3G (∼70.2/∼73.4%), Q3G (∼67.8/∼72.1%), and Q3R (∼63.2%/∼68.2%) as compared to QRC (∼70.3/∼74.8%) and lamivudine (∼76.5/∼84.5%) used as standards. The observed in vitro anti-HBV potential was strongly supported by in silico analysis, which suggested their structure-based activity via interfering with viral Pol/RT and core proteins. In conclusion, this is the first report on the anti-HBV activity of E. schimperi-derived quercitrin-3-O-glucuronide, quercitrin-3-O-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, most likely through interfering with HBV proteins.
... In addition, Mothana et al., also studied the cytotoxic activity of C. maximus species that grown in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. They found that C. maximus has a greater cytotoxic effect against various cell lines with IC 50 values less than 15 µg/ml [17,27]. Similarly, we found that C. maximus extracts exerted a notable cytotoxicity against all tested cells. ...
... Size and shape of nanoparticles and methods of their preparation and their interaction with media and stabilizers are responsible for fascinating properties of nanoparticles. However, to obtain good nanoparticle-controlled synthesis application is a key challenge [80,81]. ...
The development of sustainable, ecofriendly, and cost-effective methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of nanotechnology these days. The present study was aimed at synthesizing cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles by using plant extracts of Aerva javanica, bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soil of Potentilla atrosanguinea, Swertia petiolata, Senecio chrysanthemoides, and from fungus Fusarium oxysporum. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used in the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. The bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from rhizosphere of Potentilla atrosanguinea (N1C1), Fusarium oxysporum, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Aerva javanica reduced the cobalt salts to cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, synthesized from bacterial isolate N1C1 (Bacillus subtilis) and from Fusarium oxysporum had average particle size of 31.2 nm and 33.4 nm, respectively, whereas, the particle size of Aerva javanica was higher (39.2 nm) and all the nanoparticles were poly shaped. The nanoparticles synthesized from methanolic extract of Aerva javanica, bacterial strain (N1C1) and fungi Fusarium oxysporum showed better performance against Bacillus subtilis and P. aeruginosa, the bactericidal activity was higher against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of leaf and flower have shown a wide range of phytochemicals and higher antibacterial activity, and among all strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis susceptibility was greater to extracts.
