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Neoascochyta europaea (IMI 164252). A. Type collection packet. B. Pycnidia. C. Pycnidia on host substrate. D. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 50 μm; C = 200 μm; D = 10 μm.
Source publication
The Didymellaceae was established in 2009 to accommodate Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma, as well as several related phoma-like genera. The family contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Ascochyta and Phoma are morphologically difficult to distinguish, and species from both genera ha...
Similar publications
Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China....
Citations
... In 2015, Chen and Cai [4] emended the protologue for Ascochyta, which had previously been classified in the Didymellaceae family, that included most Phoma-like species [5]. Thereat, several Didymella Sacc. ...
... and Phoma, Septoria Sacc. species were transferred to the genus Ascochyta, and on the contrary, other Ascochyta species were reclassified into Boeremia [4,6,7]. According to the actual taxonomy of the Didymellaceae family, the identification of its members, especially Ascochyta species, should be based on the consolidated species concept (CSC), which relies on the integration of phylogenetic, morphological, and biological characters. ...
... According to the actual taxonomy of the Didymellaceae family, the identification of its members, especially Ascochyta species, should be based on the consolidated species concept (CSC), which relies on the integration of phylogenetic, morphological, and biological characters. Phylogenetic data should be obtained by genealogical concordant phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using a multilocus phylogenetic analysis to identify fungal species [4,[6][7][8][9][10]. ...
Convolvulus arvensis is an herbaceous dicotyledonous plant in the Convolvulaceae family that is native to Europe and Asia. It is a perennial soboliferous plant and is one of the most harmful weeds. This weed is successful in many types of climates, including temperate, tropical, and Mediterranean climates, but it is most troublesome for agriculture throughout the temperate zone. In this study, several pathogenic isolates were collected from this host. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (28S) or ribosomal DNA, partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and β-tubulin (tub2) genes were amplified and sequenced for all the isolates studied. Further, both a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences and an analysis of morphological features were implemented. Based on the results obtained, all the studied isolates were found to be distinct from any described species in the genus Ascochyta and are, therefore, described here as a new species Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. The pathogenicity of A. erotica sp. nov. was also tested and confirmed on leaf segments of C. arvensis.
... Their life modes include epiphytes, endophytes or parasites on living organisms, hyperparasites on fungi or insects, saprobes, pathogens and lichenised fungi (Zhang et al. 2012;Hyde et al. 2013;Tanaka et al. 2015;Jaklitsch et al. 2016a;Hongsanan et al. 2020). Of these, several genera, such as Alternaria, Bipolaris, Didymella, Leptospharia, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeria and Pyrenophora, have been reported as plant pathogens causing severe diseases on economic crops (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013;Woudenberg et al. 2013Woudenberg et al. , 2014Woudenberg et al. , 2015Ariyawansa et al. 2015a, b;Chen et al. 2015Chen et al. , 2017Tanaka et al. 2015;El-Demerdash 2018;Khiralla et al. 2019;Bhunjun et al. 2020;Hongsanan et al. 2020;Backes et al. 2021;Bartosiak et al. 2021;Li et al. 2023). ...
This article presents the results of an ongoing inventory of Ascomycota in Yunnan, China, carried out as part of the research project series “Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan”. From over 100 samples collected from diverse host substrates, microfungi have been isolated, identified and are currently being documented. The primary objective of this research is to promote the discovery of novel taxa and explore the ascomycete diversity in the region, utilising a morphology-phylogeny approach. This article represents the second series of species descriptions for the project and introduces three undocumented species found in the families Bambusicolaceae, Dictyosporiaceae and Periconiaceae, belonging to the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). These novel taxa exhibit typical morphological characteristics of Bambusicola, Periconia and Trichobotrys, leading to their designation as Bambusicola hongheensis, Periconia kunmingensis and Trichobotrys sinensis. Comprehensive multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted to validate the novelty of these species. The results revealed well-defined clades that are clearly distinct from other related species, providing robust support for their placement within their respective families. Notably, this study unveils the phylogenetic affinity of Trichobotrys within Dictyosporiaceae for the first time. Additionally, the synanamorphism for the genus Trichobotrys is also reported for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenies of the novel species are provided, and thus presenting a valuable resource for researchers and mycologists interested in the diversity of ascomycetes in Yunnan. By enhancing our understanding of the Ascomycota diversity in this region, this research contributes to the broader field of fungal taxonomy and their phylogenetic understanding.
... Colony colours were recorded based on the colour charts of Rayner [19]. The micromorphological structures of mature conidiomata, conidia, and conidiogenous cells were studied on PDA, OA, and MEA [20,21]. Observations were conducted with an Axio-Cam 506 colour Imager Z2 photographic microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany). ...
... Morphological features such as conidial length, width, and size were measured (at least 30/40 per isolate) with a ZEN Pro 2012 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy). The structure of the mature pycnidial wall was observed using microtome sections of 6-10 µm in thickness, which were prepared with a Leica CM 1950 freezing microtome (Leica Biosystems, Nussloch, Germany) and mounted in lactic acid [20][21][22]. All pure cultures obtained in this study were deposited in the culture collection of the Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (JZB), China. ...
... Notes-In the phylogenetic analysis of the present study, eight isolates from Prunus developed a distinct lineage from other known Ascochyta species with 100% ML, 99% MP bootstrap, and 1.00 BYPP values. Phylogenetically, our isolates showed close affinity to A. pisi, but they can be distinguished by their conidial length, whereas our isolates developed smaller conidia (3.9-6.5 µm) than A. pisi (7-16 µm, CBS 122785; 10-16 µm, CBS 122751) [21,48] Culture characteristics-Colonies on OA were 80-81 mm in diameter after 7 days, margin regular, covered by floccose aerial mycelia, dense, white; reverse black. Colonies grown on MEA had an 84-85 mm diameter after 7 days; margin regular, aerial mycelia sparse, flattened, light grey to white, with some radial line near the centre, reverse concolourous. ...
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Even though P. persica is one of the most commonly grown stone fruits in China, little is known about the biodiversity of microfungi associated with peach branch diseases. In the present study, samples were collected from a wide range of peach growing areas in China, and fungal pathogens associated with peach branch diseases were isolated. In total, 85 isolates were obtained and further classified into nine genera and 10 species. Most of the isolates belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae (46), including Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Phaeobotryon, and Lasiodiplodia species; Ascochyta, Didymella, and Nothophoma species representing Didymellaceae were also identified. Herein, we introduce Ascochyta prunus and Lasiodiplodia pruni as novel species. In addition, we report the first records of Nothophoma pruni, Neofusicoccum occulatum, and Phaeobotryon rhois on peach worldwide, and Didymella glomerata, Nothophoma quercina, and Phaeoacremonium scolyti are the first records from China. This research is the first comprehensive investigation to explore the microfungi associated with peach branch disease in China. Future studies are necessary to understand the pathogenicity and disease epidemiology of these identified species.
... The primers EF1-728F and EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) were used to amplify partial region of translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) in isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe species (Guarnaccia et al. 2020(Guarnaccia et al. , 2022aAiello et al. 2022). The partial β-tubulin (tub2) gene was amplified with primers T1-Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995;O'Donnell and Cigelnik 1997) for isolates belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae family and Diaporthe genus (Guarnaccia et al. 2020(Guarnaccia et al. , 2022a, whilst primers Tub2fd-Tub4fd (Woudenberg et al. 2009) were used to amplify the same region in isolates of the genus Nothophoma (Chen et al. 2015). The partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) gene was amplified with the primers: Rpb2-5f2-Rpb2-7cr (Liu et al. 1999;Reeb et al. 2004) for isolates identified as Nothophoma sp. ...
... The partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) gene was amplified with the primers: Rpb2-5f2-Rpb2-7cr (Liu et al. 1999;Reeb et al. 2004) for isolates identified as Nothophoma sp. (Chen et al. 2015). PCR mixtures and conditions were followed as described in the above-cited references. ...
... (Guarnaccia et al. 2020;Zhang et al. 2021) and ITS, tub2 and rpb2 for Nothophoma spp. (Chen et al. 2015). For isolates belonging to Anthostoma a single locus analysis was performed on ITS region (Linaldeddu et al. 2016 (Ronquist et al. 2012) was used to generate phylogenetic trees under optimal criteria per partition. ...
Italy is the second largest hazelnut producer worldwide and Piedmont is one of the most productive regions in the country. The changing climatic condition and fungal trunk diseases (FTD) can have a severe impact on this crop. Particularly, the considerable spread of Cytospora cankers (‘Mal dello stacco’) and dieback represent a serious concern for producers. Thus, considering the limited studies on the causal agents, different surveys were conducted in seven hazelnut orchards during 2021 and 2022. Eight fungal species were identified: Anthostoma decipiens, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diaporthe eres, Dia. rudis, Diplodia seriata, Dip. subglobosa, Dothiorella parva and Nothophoma brennandiae . Species identification was achieved through multilocus phylogeny and morphology assessment. All the fungal species were pathogenic on healthy hazelnut plants (cultivar Tonda Gentile) and A. decipiens and Dia. eres were the most aggressive. The present study is the first report of B. dothidea and Dia. eres as causal agents of FTD on hazelnut in Italy and of Dia. rudis, Dip. subglobosa and N. brennandiae worldwide. Moreover, the study provides clarification of the fungal pathogens associated with FTD on this crop in Piedmont, thus laying the base for further studies on epidemiology, ecology and management strategies.
... The three genera discovered combined with flooding and eCO 2 conditions are mostly known for their plant disease-causing species. For example, Didymella has been shown to cause leaf blight in maize and stem and leaf rot in legumes (Chen et al., 2015;Wille et al., 2019). Gibberlla and Epicoccum both have pathogenic species and others that can act as biological control agents. ...
Introduction
With current trends in global climate change, both flooding episodes and higher levels of CO 2 have been key factors to impact plant growth and stress tolerance. Very little is known about how both factors can influence the microbiome diversity and function, especially in tolerant soybean cultivars. This work aims to (i) elucidate the impact of flooding stress and increased levels of CO 2 on the plant defenses and (ii) understand the microbiome diversity during flooding stress and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ).
Methods
We used next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic methods to show the impact of natural flooding and eCO 2 on the microbiome architecture of soybean plants' below- (soil) and above-ground organs (root and shoot). We used high throughput rhizospheric extra-cellular enzymes and molecular analysis of plant defense-related genes to understand microbial diversity in plant responses during eCO 2 and flooding.
Results
Results revealed that bacterial and fungal diversity was substantially higher in combined flooding and eCO 2 treatments than in non-flooding control. Microbial diversity was soil>root>shoot in response to flooding and eCO 2 . We found that sole treatment of eCO 2 and flooding had significant abundances of Chitinophaga, Clostridium , and Bacillus . Whereas the combination of flooding and eCO2 conditions showed a significant abundance of Trichoderma and Gibberella . Rhizospheric extra-cellular enzyme activities were significantly higher in eCO 2 than flooding or its combination with eCO 2 . Plant defense responses were significantly regulated by the oxidative stress enzyme activities and gene expression of Elongation factor 1 and Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 in floodings and eCO 2 treatments in soybean plant root or shoot parts.
Conclusion
This work suggests that climatic-induced changes in eCO 2 and submergence can reshape microbiome structure and host defenses, essential in plant breeding and developing stress-tolerant crops. This work can help in identifying core-microbiome species that are unique to flooding stress environments and increasing eCO 2 .
... In the checklist of anamorphic fungi, Wijayawardene et al. (2012) listed 11 asexual morphs within the family. Several revisions have been conducted on the members of Didymellaceae to establish taxonomic relationships within the Ascochyta-Didymella-Phoma complex (Woudenberg et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2015, Wanasinghe et al. 2018, Hongsanan et al. 2020. Didymellaceae encompasses 44 genera according to Wijayawardene et al. (2022). ...
This is the tenth of the series Mycosphere Notes, wherein we present newly discovered saprobic and endophytic fungi isolated from various hosts in China, Thailand, and Uzbekistan. In this compilation, we introduce three new genera, viz., Conicotenuis (Phomatosporaceae), Irregularispora (Stictidaceae) and Minimispora (Phomatosporaceae), and 14 new species, viz., Clonostachys artemisiae (Bionectriaceae), Conicotenuis fusiformis (Phomatosporaceae), Irregularispora olivacea (Stictidaceae), Melomastia loropetalicola (Pleurotremataceae), Minimispora superficialis (Phomatosporaceae), Montagnula agaves (Didymosphaeriaceae), Neodendryphiella brassaiopsidis (Dictyosporiaceae), Paramicrosphaeropsis sexualis (Didymellaceae), Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae (Sporocadaceae), Pestalotiopsis pyrrosiae-linguae (Sporocadaceae), Pestalotiopsis zhaoqingensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudocoleophoma heteropanacicola (Dictyosporiaceae), Pseudopaucispora heteropanacis (Lophiostomataceae) and Torula longan (Torulaceae). In addition, two species Melomastia phetchaburiensis and M. sinensis are reviewed, and their illustrations are provided based on the holotype. A new host record of Torula phytolaccae is described from Phytolacca americana. We describe the sexual morph of Paramicrosphaeropsis for the first time and revise its generic concept herein.
... Didymella, the type genus of the family Didymellaceae, was introduced by Saccardo in 1880, with D. exigua as the type species, and later validated when a Latin diagnosis was provided [1,2]. The genus was recently emended by Chen et al. [3,4], who gave a very detailed account of generic concepts. The sexual morphs of Didymella are mainly characterized by solitary or confluent, ostiolate pseudothecial ascomata with multi-layered, pseudoparenchymatous ascomatal walls and cylindrical to clavate or saccate, 8-spored, bitunicate asci with hyaline or brownish uniseptate (symmetrical or asymmetrical) or multiseptate ascospores. ...
... The asexual morphs of Didymella are mainly characterized by solitary or confluent, ostiolate or poroid, pycnidial conidiomata with multi-layered, pseudoparenchymatous conidiomatal walls, and phialidic, hyaline conidiogenous cells that produce smooth conidia, which are generally aseptate, variable in shape, hyaline or occasionally pigmented, and larger or septate in at least one species in older cultures. Unicellular chlamydospores are often present in pure culture [2][3][4][5][6][7]. To date, 438 records of Didymella are listed in Species Fungorum [8], and most of them are usually found as saprobes from herbaceous and woody plants, but many are also important plant pathogens [3,4,9]. ...
... Unicellular chlamydospores are often present in pure culture [2][3][4][5][6][7]. To date, 438 records of Didymella are listed in Species Fungorum [8], and most of them are usually found as saprobes from herbaceous and woody plants, but many are also important plant pathogens [3,4,9]. ...
Didymella contains numerous plant pathogenic and saprobic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Over the course of our mycological surveys of plant pathogens from terrestrial plants in Jiangxi Province, China, eight strains isolated from diseased leaves of four host genera represented three new species of Didymella, D. bischofiae sp. nov., D. clerodendri sp. nov., and D. pittospori sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TUB2 sequence data, using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), revealed their taxonomic placement within Didymella. Both morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses supported D. bischofiae, D. clerodendri, and D. pittospori as three new taxa within Didymella. Illustrations and descriptions of these three taxa were provided, along with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus.
... Пятна на листьях эллиптические округлые, розово-желтые с коричневой каймой, с погружёнными пикнидами (Chen et al., 2015). Вредоносность не изучена. ...
... Вероятно, название A. sorghi будет рассматриваться как синоним т.к. эталонные штаммы этого вида в результате мультилокусного секвенирования были реидентифицированы как Neoascochyta graminicola (Chen et al., 2015;Hou et al., 2020). ...
Despite the great attention paid to the study of barley diseases, inaccuracies in the names of diseases, their practical significance, and incorrect use of the scientific names of causal agents can be commonly found in the scientific literature. This may lead to confusion and misidentification of the pathogens that can affect this crop especially as relates to phytosanitary requirements. This review continues the series started with a publication devoted to wheat diseases. This review includes information about the main barley diseases and pathogenic organisms causing them, as well as the species emerging as a potential threat to barley. The current taxonomic status of fungal species and fungal-like organisms associated with various organs of barley is given, and the breadth of their distribution and degree of impact on the crop are summarized. The micromycetes were divided into two groups according to their phytosanitary importance. The first group is represented by fungi of great importance as the pathogens causing the 29 economically important common barley diseases. The second group consists of fungi causing 20 minor and poorly studied diseases with unconfirmed harmfulness, or potential endophytic fungi. Perceptions of their ability to cause disease remain controversial and the available data require confirmation. This dataset can be used as a reference for a more accurate description of the phytosanitary situation. The review will also be helpful for more targeted studies using molecular techniques to clarify taxonomy and areals of fungi associated with barley and to provide more detailed data on disease damage in this crop.
... De Gruyter et al. (2009) proposed the family Didymellaceae to accommodate species in Phoma s. l. and related genera, including Microsphaeropsis. A new family, Microsphaeropsidaceae, was introduced to accommodate the genus by Chen et al. (2015). However, Hou et al. (2020) found that Microsphaeropsis spp. ...
Cankers leading to branch, stem and plant death were observed on the South African endemic Rafnia amplexicaulis ( Fabaceae ) in the Cederberg Wilderness Area, South Africa, during September 2021. Conidiomatal pycnidia were found developing on the cankers, and isolations consistently yielded a Microsphaeropsis species. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the nuclear large subunit (LSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit ( RPB2 ) regions showed that the fungus represented an undescribed species. Based on the multigene phylogeny and morphological characteristics, we describe the species here as M. rafniae sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests and the fulfilment of Koch’s postulates confirmed that M. rafniae sp. nov. is the cause of the cankers of R. amplexicaulis . Presently, this disease is known from a single location in South Africa, and further surveys are required to determine its distribution and relative importance.
... In addition to its differences in molecular characteristics, Austrophoma can be distinguished from Ascochyta by producing pycnidia (on MEA) with papilla or distinguishing necks. Ascochyta produces ostiolate or poroid pycnidia, without a distinct form of neck (Chen et al. 2015). Austrophoma is different from Microsphaeropsis and its derivative genera containing the name 'microsphaeropsis' by having hyaline conidia: Microsphaeropsis, Paramicrosphaeropsis, (Hou et al. 2020), Nothomicrosphaeropsis (Crous et al. 2021) and Neomicrosphaeropsis (Thambugala et al. 2016) produce pigmented conidia. ...
... Austrophoma is different from Microsphaeropsis and its derivative genera containing the name 'microsphaeropsis' by having hyaline conidia: Microsphaeropsis, Paramicrosphaeropsis, (Hou et al. 2020), Nothomicrosphaeropsis (Crous et al. 2021) and Neomicrosphaeropsis (Thambugala et al. 2016) produce pigmented conidia. Austrophoma and Phomatodes (Chen et al. 2015) are morphologically similar to each other in having hyaline conidia in allantoid to cylindrical conidia, but combined sequence data separate them into distinct lineages. No sexual morph was found with Austrophoma, whereas Leptosphaerulina and Neomicrosphaeropsis have sexual morphs producing muriform ascospores. ...
Euphorbia mauritanica is a succulent shrub that is indigenous to South Africa and widely distributed throughout the country. Dying plants have been observed in their natural habitat in the Northern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa in recent years. Stems displaying lesions were collected and the emerging cultures were identified based on ITS, LSU, ACT , RPB2 , TEF1 and/or TUB2 sequence data. Four filamentous fungi were consistently observed and isolated. One was identified as Alanphillipsia ( Ala .) aloes , and the other three were new to science and are described here as Cytospora euphorbiicola sp. nov. , Nothomicrosphaeropsis namakwaensis sp. nov. and Austrophoma ( Aus .) euphorbiae gen. et sp. nov. These new species and Ala. aloes were the most commonly encountered, and their pathogenicity was tested on E. mauritanica plants in a greenhouse trial. All four species gave rise to lesions that were significantly larger than those associated with the controls, but they were not significantly different to each other. Although the lesions associated with the inoculations were well-developed, they did not give rise to plant death, suggesting that they are not responsible for the large-scale die-off of E. mauritanica in the field. The primary cause of the death of E. mauritanica in the studied area remains unknown and could be due to environmental factors such as has been found with the die-off of Euphorbia ingens in South Africa.
