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Phylogram derived from ITS sequence data by Bayesian Analysis (50% majority rule). Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (>0.90, PP) and bootstrap values (>80, BS) are given above branches. Former Dianthoseris schimperi ≡ Crepis dianthoseris highlighted. A and B indicating nodes of interest.
Source publication
In 1947 Babcock published his widely acknowledged monograph of the genus Crepis L. including a sectional classification of the species as well as extensive hypotheses about character evolution. To reinvestigate Babcock's evolutionary hypotheses and the generic delimitation of Crepis L. a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using ITS and chloroplast...
Similar publications
Siljak-Yakovlev, S. 2020: Karyological study of diploid and tetraploid Crepis aurea (Asteraceae) [In Kamari, G., Blanché, C. & Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (eds), Mediterranean plant karyological data-30].-Fl. Medit. 30:456-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit30.456 Chromosome numbers and karyotypes were studied in eight populations of Crepis aurea from A...
Context
Habitat fragmentation generates a loss of functional connectivity detrimental to the persistence of biodiversity. The French agricultural intensification initiated in the 1950s has caused a decline in field margins.
Objectives
As field margins may facilitate species dispersal while providing socio-economic benefits, it is of interest to ass...
Plant diversity is decreasing mainly through anthropogenic factors like habitat fragmentation, which lead to spatial separation of remaining populations and thereby affect genetic diversity and structure within species. Twenty populations of the threatened grassland species Crepis mollis were studied across Germany (578 individual plants) based on...
Citations
... vs. Rhagadiolus Zinn (1757) is most closely related to Lapsana Linnaeus (1753: 811), and both genera cluster within the genus Crepis Linnaeus (1753: 805) s.l. (Enke & Gemeinholzer 2008). However, their generic status is best maintained, at least for the time being (Enke 2009). ...
Rhagadiolus edulis (Cichorieae, Compositae) can be treated either as a replacement name or as the name of a new taxon according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Treating it as a replacement name would be nomenclaturally disruptive, whereas treating it as the name of a new taxon, confirmed by an appropriate typification, maintains current usage. Therefore, the nomenclatural type for the name Rhagadiolus edulis is discussed. The name is lectotypified by a specimen preserved in the Gaertner Herbarium at TUB.
... Three evolutionary lineages were identified in Crepis sensu lato (s.l): (i) Crepis species with a chromosome base number x = 7, now the genus Askellia; (ii) Lagoseris, which encompasses several Crepis species (e.g., C. palaestina and C. praemorsa) and two other lineages, which are now classified as the genera Lapsana and Rhagadiolus, and (iii) Crepis sensu stricto (Crepis s.s. [26,27]). The chromosomes of Crepis species are relatively large and well-differentiated within the karyotype [27,28]. ...
... Several subsequent and independent descending dysploidy events led to the evolution of derived chromosome base numbers (x = 5, 4, 3) during the diversification of the genus [27]. Most of the currently accepted clades of closely related Crepis species include taxa that differ in chromosome numbers and karyotype morphology [26,27]. ...
... Understanding the phylogenetic relationships between organisms is a prerequisite for almost any evolutionary study. Previous analyses of Crepis phylogeny revealed incongruences between the plastid and nrITS-based phylogenies [26,27]. The phylogenetic relationships that were inferred from the 5S rDNA NTS analyses were largely congruent with the nrITS-based phylogeny for the Lagoseris lineage but less so for the Crepis s.s. ...
Although Crepis was the first model plant group in which chromosomal changes were considered to play an important role in speciation, their chromosome structure and evolution have been barely investigated using molecular cytogenetic methods. The aim of the study was to provide a better understanding of the patterns and directions of Crepis chromosome evolution, using comparative analyses of rDNA loci number and localisation. The chromosome base number and chromosomal organisation of 5S and 35S rDNA loci were analysed in the phylogenetic background for 39 species of Crepis, which represent the evolutionary lineages of Crepis sensu stricto and Lagoseris, including Lapsana communis. The phylogenetic relationships among all the species were inferred from nrITS and newly obtained 5S rDNA NTS sequences. Despite high variations in rDNA loci chromosomal organisation, most species had a chromosome with both rDNA loci within the same (usually short) chromosomal arm. The comparative analyses revealed several independent rDNA loci number gains and loci repositioning that accompanied diversification and speciation in Crepis. Some of the changes in rDNA loci patterns were reconstructed for the same evolutionary lineages as descending dysploidy.
... There are over 200 Crepis species spread out around the globe, but especially in the north hemisphere and in Africa (Enke & Gemeinholzer 2008, Shi et al. 2011. The largest diversity of this genus is found in the Mediterranean area (Enke & Gemeinholzer 2008). ...
... There are over 200 Crepis species spread out around the globe, but especially in the north hemisphere and in Africa (Enke & Gemeinholzer 2008, Shi et al. 2011. The largest diversity of this genus is found in the Mediterranean area (Enke & Gemeinholzer 2008). ...
... (Enke & Gemeinholzer, 2008). The genus includes species characterized by high morphological plasticity, yielding a situation wherein hundreds of names published over centuries (see, e.g., IPNI, 2020; Tropicos, 2020) have led to numerous instances of misapplications and misidentifications. ...
... . The genus includes species characterized by high morphological plasticity, yielding a situation wherein hundreds of names published over centuries (see, e.g., IPNI, 2020; Tropicos, 2020) have led to numerous instances of misapplications and misidentifications. The molecular results provided by Enke & Gemeinholzer (2008) showed that the first comprehensive taxonomical framework of Crepis (Babcock, 1947a,b) could not be considered consistent with its phylogeny. In fact, Crepis includes clades referred to other genera, i.e., Askellia W.A.Weber, Lapsana L., and Rhagadiolus L. ...
... In fact, Crepis includes clades referred to other genera, i.e., Askellia W.A.Weber, Lapsana L., and Rhagadiolus L. Moreover, Babcock's sectional delimitation (27 sections) would not be supported too (see, e.g., Enke & Gemeinholzer, 2008). ...
The epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia is discussed. An illustration from Boccone's Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania was correctly designated as lectotype by Jiménez López & al. in 2013 according to Art. 7.11 of the ICN. However, this image lacks some of the important characters required for a critical identification of the species (i.e., hairiness of receptacle, length of achenes, number of ribs on the achene surface, and presence of a distinct apical beak on the achene). Following Art. 9.9 of the ICN, an epitype deposited at HFLA is selected to serve as an interpretative type of the lectotype of C. bursifolia.
... Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Crepis sensu lato (s.l.) tested Babcock's hypothesis in a phylogenetic framework [22] and proposed a new classification of this genus. Three evolutionary lineages were distinguished based on the analyses of 75 taxa: (i) species with a chromosome base number x = 7, corresponding to Babcock's section Ixeridopsis and now placed in genus Askellia; (ii) Babcock's sections Intybellia, Lagoseris, Phaecasium, Microcephalum, and Pterotheca, as well as two other genera, Lapsana and Rhagadiolus, now included in the Lagoseris evolutionary lineage; and (iii) Crepis sensu stricto (Crepis s.s.), which comprised the remaining analysed Crepis species [22,23]. ...
... Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Crepis sensu lato (s.l.) tested Babcock's hypothesis in a phylogenetic framework [22] and proposed a new classification of this genus. Three evolutionary lineages were distinguished based on the analyses of 75 taxa: (i) species with a chromosome base number x = 7, corresponding to Babcock's section Ixeridopsis and now placed in genus Askellia; (ii) Babcock's sections Intybellia, Lagoseris, Phaecasium, Microcephalum, and Pterotheca, as well as two other genera, Lapsana and Rhagadiolus, now included in the Lagoseris evolutionary lineage; and (iii) Crepis sensu stricto (Crepis s.s.), which comprised the remaining analysed Crepis species [22,23]. The new sections were highly heterogeneous compared to Babcock's sections, also concerning base chromosome numbers, suggesting that the infrageneric classification of Babcock did not represent natural groups [20,22,23]. ...
... Three evolutionary lineages were distinguished based on the analyses of 75 taxa: (i) species with a chromosome base number x = 7, corresponding to Babcock's section Ixeridopsis and now placed in genus Askellia; (ii) Babcock's sections Intybellia, Lagoseris, Phaecasium, Microcephalum, and Pterotheca, as well as two other genera, Lapsana and Rhagadiolus, now included in the Lagoseris evolutionary lineage; and (iii) Crepis sensu stricto (Crepis s.s.), which comprised the remaining analysed Crepis species [22,23]. The new sections were highly heterogeneous compared to Babcock's sections, also concerning base chromosome numbers, suggesting that the infrageneric classification of Babcock did not represent natural groups [20,22,23]. ...
The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5, 4, and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1 C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus.
... A preliminary molecular phylogeny of Cichorieae based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has identified five major clades within the subtribe Crepidinae: Crepis-Lapsana-Rhagadiolus clade, Crepidiastrum-Lapsanastrum-Youngia clade, Ixeris-Ixeridium-Taraxacum clade, Garhadiolus-Heteracia clade, and Dubyaea-Nabalus-Soroseris-Syncalathium clade (Kilian et al. 2009). In the Ixeris-Ixeridium-Taraxacum clade, the two genera, Ixeris and Ixeridium, are in sister group relationship and Taraxacum appears to be closely related to this clade (Enke and Gemeinholzer 2008;Nakamura et al. 2014). ...
We report the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of psammophyte, Ixeris repens, on the coastal dunes in Korea. The complete plastid genome is 153,017 bp in total length, with one large single copy (LSC; 84,242 bp), one small single copy (SSC; 18,495 bp), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb, each with 25,140 bp). The overall GC content is 37.6% and the genome contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding, 37 transfer RNA and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 17 representative plastomes of the family Asteraceae suggests that Ixeris repens is sister to congeneric species I. polycephala with strong bootstrap support (100%) and also that monophyletic Ixeris is sister to the clade containing Taraxacum, Youngia, Lapsanastrum, and Crepidiastrum.
... The genus Crepis belongs to the Asteraceae family comprising about 200 species, and is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, Africa and also in South East Asia [1]. The aerial parts and roots from the plants of the genus Crepis are widely used in foods like salads [2], infusions [3], decoctions [4], omelettes, pasta dough and pan-fried [2]. ...
Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Cv) of Asteraceae family is used as food and in traditional medicine. However there are no studies on its nutritional value, phenolic composition and biological activities. In the present work, a nutritional analysis of Cv leaves was performed and its phenolic content and biological properties evaluated. The nutritional profile was achieved by gas chromatography (GC). A 70% ethanolic extract was prepared and characterized by HLPC-PDA-ESI/MSn. The quantification of chicoric acid was determined by HPLC-PDA. Subsequently, it was evaluated its antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory activity and cellular viability was assessed in Raw 264.7 macrophages. On wet weight basis, carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients (9.99%), followed by minerals (2.74%) (mainly K, Ca and Na), protein (1.04%) and lipids (0.69%), with a low energetic contribution (175.19 KJ/100 g). The Cv extract is constituted essentially by phenolic acids as caffeic, ferulic and quinic acid derivatives being the major phenolic constituent chicoric acid (130.5 mg/g extract). The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS (IC50 = 0.428 ± 0.007 mg/mL) without cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested. Conclusions: Given the nutritional and phenolic profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Cv could be a promising useful source of functional food ingredients.
... Since a second taxon, of Scorzonera and without winged achenes, was resolved in the Pterachaenia clade, the winged achenes are no argument against its inclusion in Scorzonera. The inclusion of Koelpinia with epizoochorous achenes without pappus seems more unconventional, but there are other cases in the Cichorieae were taxa without pappus, all traditionally placed in genera of their own for this conspicuous feature, turn out in molecular phylogenetic analyses to be nested in larger pappus-bearing genera; examples are Lapsana and Rhagadiolus being nested in Crepis (Enke and Gemeinholzer 2008) and Lapsanastrum being nested in Youngia (Deng et al. 2014). However, the actual inconvenience and challenge is the diagnosing of Gelasia as a separate genus. ...
Scorzonera comprises 180–190 species and belongs to the subtribe Scorzonerinae. Its circumscription has long been the subject of debate and available molecular phylogenetic analyses affirmed the polyphyly of Scorzonera in its wide sense. We provide a re-evaluation of Scorzonera and other related genera, based on carpological (including anatomical) and extended molecular phylogenetic analyses. We present, for the first time, a comprehensive sampling, including Scorzonera in its widest sense and all other genera recognised in the Scorzonerinae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses, based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and of two plastid markers (partial rbcL and matK ) and Maximum Parsimony for reconstructing the carpological character states at ancestral nodes. Achene characters, especially related to pericarp anatomy, such as general topography of the tissue types, disposition of the mechanical tissue and direction of its fibres, presence or absence of air cavities, provide, in certain cases, support for the phylogenetic lineages revealed. Confirming the polyphyly of Scorzonera , we propose a revised classification of the subtribe, accepting the genera Scorzonera (including four major clades: Scorzonera s. str., S. purpurea , S. albicaulis and Podospermum ), Gelasia , Lipschitziagen. nov. (for the Scorzonera divaricata clade), Pseudopodospermum , Pterachaenia (also including Scorzonera codringtonii ), Ramaliellagen. nov. (for the S. polyclada clade) and Takhtajaniantha . A key to the revised genera and a characterisation of the genera and major clades are provided.
... Crepis L. is a large taxonomically controversial genus in tribe Cichorieae of Asteraceae containing over 200 species that are mainly distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Africa (Enke and Gemeinholzer, 2008;Shi et al., 2011). The genus presumably originated in the Altai/Tien Shan region in Central Asia (Babcock, 1947). ...
... The genus presumably originated in the Altai/Tien Shan region in Central Asia (Babcock, 1947). The present center of diversity of Crepis is the circum-Mediterranean area (Enke and Gemeinholzer, 2008). Babcock, 1947 divided Crepis into 27 sections worldwide and included Lagoseris as a section of the genus Crepis (e.g., Lack, 2007;Enke, 2010). ...
... However, recent molecular studies based on nuclear ITS and plastid matK sequences indicated that sect. Lagoseris may be a distinct genus (Enke and Gemeinholzer, 2008;Enke, 2010;Kilian et al., 2009). ITS and matK phylogenetic trees of the Lagoseris clade include Crepis species from sections Lagoseris, Pterotheca, Microcephalum, Intybellia, as well as the genera Rhagadiolus and Lapsana (Enke and Gemeinholzer, 2008;Enke, 2010). ...
Crepis desertorum from the Junggar Basin of northern Xinjiang, northwestern China, is described as a new species. Molecular studies indicate that the species is closely related to Crepis frigida. Morphological studies indicate that it is similar to Crepis sancta subsp. bifida but differs from the latter taxon in having glandular hairs on the stem, a flat receptacle and dimorphic achenes. Chromosome features and pollen and achene ultrastructure also are described for the new species.
... Casablanca realizada por Hooker en 1871, cita que posiblemente es la indicada por Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009). Incluso Enke (2008), en un estudio de filogenia molecular, insinuó que posiblemente esté extinta. El mismo Babcock (1947: 822) indicó: "The fact that this species has been collected only once in a region which has been visited by a number of collectors over a period of 70 years may indicate that it is extremely rare or has become extinct". ...
On the presence of Crepis balliana Babc. in Morocco Palabras clave: Crepis balliana, descripción, Casablanca, Marruecos Key words: Crepis balliana, description, chorology, Morocco
