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Pseudocercospora juniperi (NY, holotype). A. Conidiophore fascicle. B. Conidiophores. c. Conidia. Bar = 10 µm.
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Cercosporoid fungi (former Cercospora s. lat.) represent one of the largest groups of hyphomycetes belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae (Ascomycota). They include asexual morphs, asexual holomorphs or species with mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Most of them are leaf-spotting plant pathogens with special phytopathological relevance. The only mono...
Citations
... Pseudocercospora species are identified using various characteristics, such as their associated host plants, morphology, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic relationships generated by a multi-locus phylogeny [20,22,23,27,28]. Many phytopathogenic species of Pseudocercospora are suggested as host-specific from the results of multi-locus phylogeny and inoculation tests on specific plant hosts [20,22,23]. ...
Cannabis sativa is gaining attention as an agronomically important crop in many countries around the world. The identification and control of leaf diseases in cannabis are very important for cannabis cultivators as leaves are the most economically important part of the cannabis plants. In 2022, several cannabis plants in cultivations showing olive leaf spot symptoms emerged from Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Preliminary studies indicated that the causal organism is Pseudocercospora sp. Species of Pseudocercospora are important plant pathogens that are now identified through morphological studies combined with DNA sequence data of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Actin (act), Translation Elongation Factor (tef), and RNA Polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene regions. We aimed to investigate and understand the emergence of olive leaf spot disease in cannabis plants in Chiang Rai province, Thailand, with a specific focus on the combined morpho-molecular identification of the pathogen. In our study, Pseudocercospora cannabina, the causal organism of olive leaf spot disease, was identified as the leaf spot-causing pathogen with both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Our study is the first to provide molecular data for Ps. cannabina as the typenor Ps. cannabina isolates from previous studies have made molecular data available for this species. A pathogenicity test, re-isolation, and identification steps were performed to fulfill Koch’s postulates. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of the olive leaf spot disease and its causative agent in cannabis.
... As one of the most significant groups of plant pathogenic fungi that cause leaf spots, cercosporoids cannot be ignored. These diseases affect dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, and ferns of almost every continent (including cultivated plants) [6,7]. ...
... The protein sequences were aligned with those in the Pathogen-Host Interactions Database (PHIbase) 1 , the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) 2 database, the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) 3 , the NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (NR) 4 database, and the Protein Family (Pfam) 5 database using Blast + v2.2.28 from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Gene Ontology (GO) 6 analysis was done utilizing protein annotation data from the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, as well as annotation information from the (UniProt database) 7 . A pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) 8 Automatic Annotation Server [31]. ...
Background Early leaf spot disease, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, is a devastating peanut disease that has
severely impacted peanut production and quality. Chemical fungicides pollute the environment; however, Bacillus
bacteria can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. To understand the novel
bacterial strain and unravel its molecular mechanism, De novo whole-genome sequencing emerges as a rapid and
efficient omics approach.
Results In the current study, we identified an antagonistic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TA-1. In-vitro assay
showed that the TA-1 strain was a strong antagonist against C. arachidicola, with an inhibition zone of 88.9 mm. In a
greenhouse assay, results showed that the TA-1 strain had a significant biocontrol effect of 95% on peanut early leaf
spot disease. De novo whole-genome sequencing analysis, shows that strain TA-1 has a single circular chromosome
with 4172 protein-coding genes and a 45.91% guanine and cytosine (GC) content. Gene function was annotated
using non-redundant proteins from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Swiss-Prot, the Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, gene ontology, pathogen�host interactions, and carbohydrate-active enZYmes. antiSMASH analysis predicted that strain TA-1 can produce
the secondary metabolites siderophore, tailcyclized peptide, myxochelin, bacillibactin, paenibactin, myxochelin,
griseobactin, benarthin, tailcyclized, and samylocyclicin.
Conclusion The strain TA-1 had a significant biological control effect against peanut early leaf spot disease in-vitro
and in greenhouse assays. Whole genome analysis revealed that, TA-1 strain belongs to B. amyloliquefaciens and could
produce the antifungal secondary metabolites.
... Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth (Fabaceae), in Northern Eastern Hill Region including Sikkim [74] It is a seed borne pathogen of Cajanus cajan causing necrotic spots on leaves [75] . [49] Passalora is one of the anamorphs of Mycosphaerella, and it is an obligate plant obligate parasitic fungus that cause leaf blight and leaf spots [71] . ...
Fungi play a critical role in plant pathology, and impacts human economy and food security. This study focuses on compiling a checklist of phytopathogenic fungi and their plant hosts reported from Sikkim, India and examines the association between those fungi and plant hosts through Cramer's V test and dplyr based data mining in R program with aim to aid in disease management. The study compiled a checklist of 90 phytopathogenic fungal species under 23 orders, 38 families and 60 genera and 82 species of plant hosts under 38 families and 68 genera and found significant affinities (p < 0.05) between fungal taxa and host families. However, associations between fungal taxa with host species was not significant. Jaccard Index of Similarity showed preference towards host family was most common (0.11) between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while preference towards host genus was least common (0.00) between Basidiomycota and Oomycota. The study emphasizes the potential of data mining as a tool for identifying patterns of association between phytopathogenic fungi and their plant hosts, identifying alternative hosts, and the significance of phytopathogenic fungi as a source of bioactive compounds like antibiotics and enzymes, as well as their potential to produce mycotoxins and allergenic contaminants that pose a threat to human health. The study suggests further evaluation of the role of endophytes and saprophytes (facultative parasites) in disease development, documention of disease incidence locations, and identification of fungal phytopathogens at the strain, pathotype, or forma specialis level towards effective disease monitoring and management.
... Notes: Pseudocercospora species are mostly host-specific (with few exceptions) related to a single host species, host genus or closely related host genera (Braun et al. 2013;. Two species of Pseudocercospora has been reported earlier on Vernonia, Pseudocercospora cinereae (Deighton 1976) and Pseudocercospora vernoniacearum (Shukla et al. 1982). ...
The description of a new Mediterranean species, Coltricia insularis, is provided, on the basis of material collected in Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus and Spain
... Notes: Pseudocercospora species are mostly host-specific (with few exceptions) related to a single host species, host genus or closely related host genera (Braun et al. 2013;. Two species of Pseudocercospora has been reported earlier on Vernonia, Pseudocercospora cinereae (Deighton 1976) and Pseudocercospora vernoniacearum (Shukla et al. 1982). ...
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
... In addition, the fungal biodiversity of two collections of fern in Mexico revealed 14 records among 21 taxa, and no new species was found [14]. However, 15% of species novelty (two new species among 13 strains) and 92% diversity (12 species among 13 strains) were recorded by Kirschner and Liu [15] in Taiwan, and 76% of the novel taxa (15 new species and on new genera among 21 taxa) was detected on amazon ferns [76] and five new Pseudocercospora species were discovered on ferns [77]. Our study showed a snapshot of fungi that can cause spot or blight on ferns and the low or high species novelty on ferns. ...
Ferns are one of the most significant plant groupings that comprise a substantial proportion of the plant flora due to the fact of their great diversity, especially in tropical areas. The biodiversity of fungi associated with ferns and fern-like hosts has also received little attention in studies. Plant samples were collected from diseased and dead plants of ten fern or fern-like species from Chiang Rai in northern Thailand. Forty-one isolates were selected from the obtained isolates for molecular and morphological analysis, with a focus on pathogenic fungal genera and consideration of the diversity in host and geographical location. Twenty-six species belonging to seven genera (Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Neopestalotiopsis, and Pestalotiopsis) in six families were identified. Thirty new hosts, eight new geographical hosts, and one new species, Colletotrichum polypodialium, are described. Nepestalotiopsis phangngaensis, N. pandancola, Diaporthe tectonendophytica, D. chiangraiensis, and D. delonicis were isolated for the first time from leaf spots. Additionally, new reservoirs and geographical locations for species previously isolated from leaf spots or whose pathogenicity was established were found. However, more studies are necessary to prove the pathogenicity of the fungi isolated from the leaf spots and to identify the fungi associated with other species of ferns.
... The leaf spot disease caused by Passalora acori is one of the serious fungal diseases of sweet flag. The disease was first reported by J.M. Yen in 1964 from Singapore (Yen and Lim 1980;Braun et al. 2013). In India, leaf spot disease appears every year in moderate to severe form in sweet flag growing areas of West Bengal. ...
Sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.), a native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe, is an aromatic perennial herb
which belongs to the monocot family, Acoraceae. Besides India, it is found across Sri Lanka, Burma, China,
Japan, Europe, Southern Russia, and Northern America. The plant produces erect, long, sessile, pointed
and sword-shaped leaves that emerge from creeping branched rhizomes. The rhizomes and leaves have a
pleasant and slightly sweet aroma due to essential oils present in them. Sweet flag is cultivated in Asia for
a number of medicinal benefits in the past 2000 years (Singh et al. 2011). In the Indian systems of traditional
medicine, the rhizomes as well as leaves are used against many ailments such as mouth and throat diseases,
fevers, epilepsy, bronchitis, hysteria, tumours, memory loss, mental ailments, general weakness,
toothaches, asthma, diabetes, diarrhoea, dysentery, flatulence and dyspepsia (Shetty and Shruthi, 2015).
Some of the important diseases of sweet flag are namely, Leaf spot (Passalora acori), Rhizome or basal rot
(Sclerotium rolfsii), Leaf blight or anthracnose (Colletotrichum siamense) and rust (Uromyces acori) described
hereunder.
... There is no doubt that Cercosporoid fungi are one of the most significant groups of plant pathogenic fungi that cause leaf spots. A wide range of plants (including cultivated plants on almost every continent) are affected by these diseases, including dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, and ferns [4,5]. To control fungus pathogens, fungicides have been proven to be the most effective; however, these chemicals cause environmental pollution and alarming human health concerns [6,7]. ...
A novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAM strain, with novel fermentation nutrient mediums and compositions, could produce potent antifungal secondary metabolites, as the existing strains face resistance from fungus pathogens. In the current study, we introduced two novel nutrient mediums for the fermentation process, semolina and peanut root extract, as carbon and nitrogen sources in order to maximize the antifungal effects of B. amyloliquefaciens against Cercaspora arachidichola to control early leaf spot disease in peanuts. Based on a single-factor test and the central composite design of response surface methodology, the optimum fermentation medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens antagonistic substance was determined, containing 15 gm/L of semolina flour, 12.5 gm/L of beef extract, and 0.5 gm/L of magnesium sulfate, which inhibited the fungal growth by 91%. In vitro, antagonistic activity showed that the fermentation broth of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with the optimized medium formulation had an inhibition rate of (92.62 ± 2.07)% on the growth of C. arachidichola. Disease control effects in pot experiments show that the pre-infection spray of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth had significant efficiency of (92.00 ± 3.79)% in comparison to post-infection spray. B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth significantly promoted peanut plant growth and physiological parameters and reduced the biotic stress of C. archidechola. Studies revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with a novel fermentation formulation could be an ideal biocontrol and biofertilizer agent and help in early disease management of early leaf spots in peanuts.
... Cercospora is the largest genus of asexual fungi which is commonly referred as cercosporoid fungi belonging to Mycosphaerellaceae (Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota). It represents a large group of leaf spotting, plant pathogenic species, causing diseases on a wide range of hosts (Crous & Braun 2003;Braun & al. 2013Braun & al. , 2016. The distoseptate nature of conidia is exhibited by Distocercospora N. Pons & B. Sutton and Distocercosporaster Videira & al. within the cercosporoid complex (Braun & al. 2014, Videira & al. 2017. ...
A new species of asexual foliicolous fungus, Distocercospora curvulata, discovered on living leaves of Causonis trifolia from Uttarakhand, India, is described and illustrated.
... Notes -Parastenospora is reminiscent of Condylospora and Stenospora. However, Stenospora is mycoparasitic, and has slightly thickened scars and hila (Braun et al. 2013), while Condylospora is aquatic, having unique L-or N-shaped conidia (Yen et al. 2012). The latter genera are thus morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from Parastenospora. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Agaricus albofoetidus , Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii , Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis , Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis , Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola , Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis , Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula . Canada , Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea . Czech Republic , Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia . France , Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India , Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel , Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata . Italy , Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands , Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus , Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella , Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis , Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum , Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae , Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris . Norway , Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal , Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa , Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii . Spain , Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum , Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa , Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden , Alpova larskersii , Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand , Russula banwatchanensis , Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine , Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis . USA , Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
