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Second part of the RAxML phylogram obtained from the combined ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 sequences of our isolates and selected strains belonging to the families Chaetomiaceae, Diplogelasinosporaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae, Naviculisporaceae, Podosporaceae, Schizotheciaceae, and Sordariaceae. Camarops amorpha was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥70/Bayesian posterior probability scores ≥0.95 are indicated along branches. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Novelties and emended taxa are indicated in bold. Ex-epitype, ex-isotype, and ex-type strains of the different species are indicated with ET , IsoT , and T , respectively.
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The order Sordariales includes the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae, which comprises approximately 30 genera characterized by its paraphysate ascomata, asci with apical apparati, and mostly two-celled ascospores, which have a dark apical cell and a hyaline lower cell, frequently ornamented with mucilaginous appendages. To produce a more natura...
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... lengths of the individual alignments used in the combined dataset were 685 bp (ITS), 897 bp (LSU), 984 bp (rpb2), and 618 bp (tub2), and the final total alignment was 3184 bp. The most likely tree obtained from the RAxML analysis of the combined dataset is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. It agreed with the topology of the 95% majority-rule consensus tree generated by the Bayesian analysis. ...
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... most likely tree obtained from the RAxML analysis of the combined dataset is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. It agreed with the topology of the 95% majority-rule consensus tree generated by the Bayesian analysis. In the combined phylogenetic tree ( Figure 1 and Figure 2), Diplogelasinospora spp. and the members of Chaetomiaceae, Sordariaceae, and Podosporaceae formed four monophyletic well-supported clades (clade I, 100% bs/1 pp; clade II, 84% bs/-pp; clade III, 100% bs/1 pp; and clade IV, 100% bs/1 pp, respectively). ...
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... the Naviculisporaceae, reference strains of C. ambigua and C. areolata formed a wellsupported clade (100 bs/1 pp; Figure 2). Both species are characterized by a well-developed carbonaceous, areolate ascomatal wall that cracks into polyhedral plates when crushed (cephalothecoid). ...
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... genus Rhypophila is characterized by the production of ostiolate ascomata with a neck bearing elongated tuberculated projections at the base, asci normally containing more than eight ascospores, and ascospores with a lower cell as long as, or longer than, the upper cell. Ornamentation in the upper part of the ascomata is also present in Pseudoechria, Pseudoschizothecium, and Schizothecium, but these three genera, classified in the new family Schizotheciaceae (clade VIII, Figure 2), differ in the nature of the ornamentation (see Notes on Pseudoechria). Key to species of Rhypophila. ...
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... Sordaria striata Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 4: 79 ['67'] Clade VIII (80% bs/1 pp; Figure 2) includes species of Schizothecium, Echria, Immersiella, Jugulospora, Rinaldiella, Strattonia, and Zygopleurage, plus several species of Arnium, Apiosordaria, Cercophora, Triangularia, and Zopfiella. This clade represents a new family, the Schizotheciaceae, which is proposed below. ...
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... This family is introduced to accommodate lasiosphaeriaceous taxa located in a wellsupported clade (80% bs/1 pp; clade VIII, Figure 2), distinct from Lasiosphaeriaceae s. str. (clade V, Figure 1). ...
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... the Schizotheciaceae, a well-supported clade (100% bs/1 pp; Figure 2) was composed of a reference strain of Jugulospora rotula, ATCC 38359; a reference strain of Strattonia carbonaria, ATCC 34567; the type strains of Apiosordaria antarctica, Apiosordaria globosa, Apiosordaria hispanica, and Apiosordaria vestita, CBS 381338, CBS 110113, CBS 110112, and IMI 381338, respectively; and an isolate morphologically identified by us as Rhexosporium terrestre, FMR 12428. All these taxa produce similar ascomata (with a translucent ascomatal wall and dark brown papillate neck), and clavate and early septate ascospores with the upper cell warted or finely granulate. ...
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... type strain of T. tanzaniensis and a reference strain of Z. karachiensis, which are characterized by the formation of ostiolate ascomata with membranaceous to semi-coriaceous ascomatal walls, and ascospores with a smooth-walled upper cell, were included in a well-supported clade (100% bs/1 pp; Figure 2). Consequently, we propose the erection of the new genus Lundqvistomyces as follows: ...
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... strains of Podospora curvicolla, P. decidua, P. longicollis, and P. prolifica, grouped in a wellsupported independent clade (100% bs/1 pp; Figure 2) within the family Schizothecaceae. These taxa are characterized by ascomata with tufts of long agglutinated hairs on the neck and asci usually containing more than eight ascospores. ...
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Sordariomycetes is an earlier and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species...
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... The strains that could represent potential unknown fungi were further analyzed under a consolidated species concept, combining morphological and phylogenetic data [44]. Alignments were constructed, including the sequences with the closest percentage of identity from the BLAST search and sequences from the most recent phylogenetic studies of the respective groups, namely Exophiala [45], Nigrocephalum [46], Queenslandipenidiella [44], and the family Schizotheciaceae [47,48]. Sequences were aligned using the ClustalW algorithm [49] in MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) software v. 6.0 [50] and refined with MUSCLE [51] or adjusted manually as needed. ...
... Sequences were aligned using the ClustalW algorithm [49] in MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) software v. 6.0 [50] and refined with MUSCLE [51] or adjusted manually as needed. The analyses included more than one genetic region based on the previous phylogenies of each group [44][45][46][47][48]. Each region was aligned individually before being combined into a single dataset. ...
... Schizochlamydosporiella marina represents an independent lineage within the Schizotheciaceae (Figure 8 and Figure S12 in Supplementary Materials). This family was erected to resolve an independent lineage in Lasiosphaeriaceae s.l. that comprises the genus Schizothecium, together with many species whose identification needs a taxonomical revaluation [47,48]. The Schizotheciaceae were circumscribed based on the morphological characters of the sexual morph, which was not produced by our species despite testing different culture media, even mixed with plant material (leaves of Chamaerops humilis and Cymodocea nodosa), and up to two months of incubation. ...
The Mediterranean Sea stands out as a hotspot of biodiversity, whose fungal composition remains underexplored. Marine sediments represent the most diverse substrate; however, the challenge of recovering fungi in culture hinders the precise identification of this diversity. Concentration techniques like skimmed milk flocculation (SMF) could represent a suitable solution. Here, we compare the effectiveness in recovering filamentous ascomycetes of direct plating and SMF in combination with three culture media and two incubation temperatures, and we describe the fungal diversity detected in marine sediments. Sediments were collected at different depths on two beaches (Miracle and Arrabassada) on the Spanish western Mediterranean coast between 2021 and 2022. We recovered 362 strains, and after a morphological selection, 188 were identified primarily with the LSU and ITS barcodes, representing 54 genera and 94 species. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Scedosporium were the most common genera, with different percentages of abundance between both beaches. Arrabassada Beach was more heterogeneous, with 42 genera representing 60 species (Miracle Beach, 28 genera and 54 species). Although most species were recovered with direct plating (70 species), 20 species were exclusively obtained using SMF as a sample pre-treatment, improving our ability to detect fungi in culture. In addition, we propose three new species in the genera Exophiala, Nigrocephalum, and Queenslandipenidiella, and a fourth representing the novel genus Schizochlamydosporiella. We concluded that SMF is a useful technique that, in combination with direct plating, including different culture media and incubation temperatures, improves the chance of recovering marine fungal communities in culture-dependent studies.
... The genus Triangularia is typically found in terrestrial habitats, often growing as saprophytes on the ground among leaf litter or in association with plant roots [3]. Morphologically, it is characterized by the specific shape of its double-celled sexual spores, as described above [2,4]. There are currently 23 species in the genus Triangularia, and the type species is Triangularia bambusae [3]. ...
... There are currently 23 species in the genus Triangularia, and the type species is Triangularia bambusae [3]. Since Triangularia species have been reclassified from other genera, including Sordaria, Apiosordaria, Cercospora, and Zopfiella, this genus is phylogenetically confusing [4]. Furthermore, several species produce bioactive compounds, such as anserinone A and B, dethiosecoemestrin, and emestrin [5]. ...
... Thus, the family Podosporaceae was reclassified from Lasiosphaeriaceae by Wang et al. and established with three genera, namely, Cladorrhinum, Podospora, and Triangularia, based on phylogenetic analysis [2]. At the same time, various species in several genera that previously belonged to Lasiosphaeriaceae, including Sordaria, Apiosordaria, Cercospora, and Zopfiella were redefined to the genus Triangularia, and several species in the genus Triangularia were reclassified to other genera [2][3][4]. Thus, Triangularia is phylogenetically complex, and our report of T. manubriata sp. nov. is expected to contribute to the resolution of this phylogeny [4]. ...
The fungal strain designated as KNUF-21-020, belonging to the genus Triangularia, was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Chungnam province, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of large subunit rRNA, beta-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II subunit genes revealed that the strain was grouped in a clade with Triangularia species. However, it occupied a distinct phylogenetic position. We also observed morphological differences between strain KNUF-21-020 and closely related species. Here, we provided detailed descriptions, illustrations, and discussions regarding the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the closely related species to support the novelty of this isolated species. The phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations indicate that the strain KNUF-21-020 represents a novel species in the genus Triangularia (family: Podosporaceae). We have designated this species as Triangularia manubriata sp. nov.
... In 2004, Huhndorf et al. (2004) divided Sordariales into three families: Chaetomiaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae and Sordariaceae. Since then, several lasiosphaeriaceous taxa were reassigned to establish the additional families Diplogelasinosporaceae, Naviculisporaceae, and Schizotheciaceae, with the remaining species placed in Lasiosphaeriaceae sensu lato (Marin-Felix et al., 2020). Around the same time, the family Podosporaceae was introduced to accommodate the Podospora type species and was further divided into three main clades (Wang et al., 2019). ...
... Description and illustration: Matsushima (1975), Luo et al. (2019), and Wu and Diao (2022). Marin-Felix et al (2020). It is characterized by the production of (mostly) ostiolate ascomata with a tomentose ascomatal wall or bearing septate hairs on or below the neck, and producing one-and two-celled ascospores. ...
The chalara-like anamorphs of Leotiomycetes are phialidic hyphomycetes with cylindrical collarettes and deeply seated sporulating loci, and hyaline, aseptate or septate, cylindrical conidia. They are commonly found on plant litters in both terrestrial and submerged environments, and with broad geographical distribution. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of these fungi in China, which is based on a systematic study by using an integrated approach of literature study, morphological observation and phylogenetic analyses of 153 chalara-like fungal species with diversified morphology in conidiomata, setae, conidiophores, phialides and conidia. The phylogenetic analyses employing different datasets of SSU, LSU and ITS sequences of 116 species showed that these chalara-like fungi were paraphyletic and scattered in 20 accepted genera belonging to five families of Leotiomycetes: Arachnopezizaceae, Hamatocanthoscyphaceae, Helotiaceae, Neolauriomycetaceae and Pezizellaceae. Additional six genera, Ascoconidium , Bioscypha , Chalarodendron , Didonia , Phaeoscypha and Tapesina , all reported with chalara-like anamorphs in literatures, are also accepted as members of Pezizellaceae or Leotiomycetes genera incertae sedis. Among of these 26 accepted genera of chalara-like fungi in Leotiomycetes, 17 genera are asexually typified genera ( Ascoconidium , Bloxamia , Chalara , Chalarodendron , Constrictochalara , Cylindrochalara , Cylindrocephalum , Leochalara , Lareunionomyces , Minichalara , Neochalara , Neolauriomyces , Nagrajchalara , Parachalara , Stipitochalara , Xenochalara and Zymochalara ), and 9 are sexually typified genera ( Bioscypha , Bloxamiella , Calycellina , Calycina , Didonia , Hymenoscyphus , Mollisina , Phaeoscypha and Tapesina ). The phylogenetic significance of conidial septation in generic delimitation was further confirmed; while other morphologies such as conidiomata, setae, conidiophores, phialides, conidial length, and conidial ornamentation have little phylogenetic significance, but could be used for species delimitation. The polyphyletic genus Chalara s. lat. is revised with monophyletic generic concepts by redelimitation of Chalara s. str. in a narrow concept, adaption of the emended Calycina to also include asexually typified chalara-like fungi, reinstatement of Cylindrocephalum , and introduction of six new genera: Constrictochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Leochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Minichalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Nagrajchalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Parachalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao and Stipitochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao. Chaetochalara becomes a synonym of Chalara s. str., and the known species are disassembled into Chalara s. str. and Nagrajchalara . The polyphyletic genus Bloxamia is also redefined by introducing the new genus Bloxamiella W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao for B . cyatheicola . Five existing species of Chalara s. lat. were excluded from Leotiomycetes and reclassified: Chalara breviclavata as Chalarosphaeria breviclavata W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao gen. et sp. nov. in Chaetosphaeriaceae, C . vaccinii as Sordariochalara vaccinii W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao gen. et sp. nov. in Lasiosphaeriaceae, and three other Chalara species with hyaline phialides, C . hyalina , C . schoenoplecti and C . siamense as combinations of Pyxidiophora in Pyxidiophoraceae. For biodiversity of these fungi in China, a total of 80 species in 12 genera, including 60 new species, 17 new records and 1 new name, were discovered and documented in this paper. In addition, five species including three new species are reported from Japan. In connection to this revision, a total of 44 new combinations are made. The identification keys are provided for most of these genera. Future research area of these fungi should be the phylogenetic relationship of several sexually typified genera such as Bioscypha , Calycellina , Calycina , Didonia , Phaeoscypha , Rodwayella and Tapesina , and systematic revision of existing names under the genera Bloxamia , Chaetochalara and Chalara .
... tetraspora), a third pseudo-homothallic species from order Sordariales [21,25,51,52]. Schizothecium tetrasporum belongs to the family Schizotheciaceae, while P. anserina belongs to the Podosporaceae and N. tetrasperma to the Sordariaceae [53]. The phylogenetic relationships between these three families are not well established, but they probably diverged over 150 million years ago [54]. ...
... For example, the phylogenetic distance between P. anserina and N. crassa, a member of the Sordariaceae (like N. tetrasperma), corresponds roughly to that between humans and fishes [55]. Phylogenetically, Schizothecium tetrasporum is roughly equidistant from these two species [53]. However, it displays striking cytological similarities to P. anserina, particularly in terms of dikaryotic spore production: in the FGSC7436 strain, 98% of asci were reported to produce four dikaryotic spores, with the spindles aligned in the ascus during meiosis II [25]. ...
Recombination is often suppressed at sex-determining loci in plants and animals, and at self-incompatibility or mating-type loci in plants and fungi. In fungal ascomycetes, recombination suppression around the mating-type locus is associated with pseudo-homothallism, i.e. the production of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This has been well studied in two species complexes from different families of Sordariales: Podospora anserina and Neurospora tetrasperma. However, it is unclear whether this intriguing association holds in other species. We show here that Schizothecium tetrasporum, a fungus from a third family in the order Sordariales, also produces mostly self-fertile dikaryotic spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This was due to a high frequency of second meiotic division segregation at the mating-type locus, indicating the occurrence of a single and systematic crossing-over event between the mating-type locus and the centromere, as in P. anserina. The mating-type locus has the typical Sordariales organization, plus a MAT1-1-1 pseudogene in the MAT1-2 haplotype. High-quality genome assemblies of opposite mating types and segregation analyses revealed a suppression of recombination in a region of 1.47 Mb around the mating-type locus. We detected three evolutionary strata, indicating a stepwise extension of recombination suppression. The three strata displayed no rearrangement or transposable element accumulation but gene losses and gene disruptions were present, and precisely at the strata margins. Our findings indicate a convergent evolution of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores across multiple ascomycete fungi. The particular pattern of meiotic segregation at the mating-type locus was associated with recombination suppression around this locus, that had extended stepwise. This association between pseudo-homothallism and recombination suppression across lineages and the presence of gene disruption at the strata limits are consistent with a recently proposed mechanism of sheltering deleterious alleles to explain stepwise recombination suppression.
... In particular, the family Lasiosphaeriaceae comprised the majority of ASVs (45.8%), but classification beyond family was unable to be determined ( Figure 3A). Lasiosphaeriaceae is the largest and most diverse paraphyletic family in the Sordariales order, containing roughly 30 genera (Huhndorf et al., 2004;Marin-Felix et al., 2020). Although the lack of green roof studies with high taxonomic resolution make it difficult to determine whether Lasiosphaeriaceae are common in green roofs, prior research on ground-level urban soils has shown the presence of Lasiosphaeriaceae (Marczylo et al., 2021;Wang, Ma, et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2019). ...
Green roof soils are usually engineered for purposes other than urban biodiversity, which may impact their fungal communities, and in turn impact the health of plants in the urban ecosystem. We examined the drivers of fungal diversity and community composition in soil of green roofs and adjacent ground‐level green spaces in three Midwestern USA cities – Chicago, Cleveland, and Minneapolis. Overall, fungal communities on green roofs were more diverse than ground‐level green spaces, and were correlated with plant cover (positively) and roof age (negatively) rather than abiotic soil properties. Fungal community composition was distinct between roof and ground environments, among cities, and between sampling sites, but green roofs and their immediately surrounding ground‐level green space showed some similarity. This suggests dispersal limitation may result in geographic structure at large spatial scales, but dispersal between roofs and their neighboring sites may be occurring. Different fungal taxonomic and functional groups were better explained when roofs were classified either by depth (extensive or intensive) or functional intent of the roof design (i.e., stormwater/energy, biodiversity, or aesthetics/recreation). Our results demonstrate that green roofs are an important reservoir of fungal diversity in the urban landscape, which should be considered in future green roof design. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... For nearly two decades, extensive molecular studies have been combined with morphological data to delimit sordarialean taxa at the family, genus and species level (Miller and Huhndorf 2004a;Cai et al. 2005;Kruys et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2019a;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). Historically, the Sordariales has contained 7 to 14 families, depending on the authors' concepts (Hawksworth and Eriksson 1986;Eriksson et al. 2001). ...
... Subsequently, Wang et al. (2019a) introduced the new family Podosporaceae to accommodate taxa belonging to clade IV in Kruys et al. (2015). Marin-Felix et al. (2020) delimited Lasiosphaeriaceae to clade III, which contained the type genus Lasiosphaeria. Moreover, the new families Diplogelasinosporaceae, Naviculisporaceae and Schizotheciaceae were introduced to accommodate three monophyletic lineages containing taxa resembling those in the Lasiosphaeriaceae. ...
... However, a new family was not introduced until further studies including additional taxa and molecular data could be performed. Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic tree obtained from the study performed by Marin-Felix et al. (2020). ...
The classification of taxa belonging to the Sordariales has been problematic over the years. With the beginning of the DNA era, ascospore morphology, which was the main criterium for the delimitation of taxa in the Sordariales , was demonstrated to not be useful for inferring taxonomic relationships especially at the genus level. In the past decades, the combination of both morphological and molecular data allowed the reclassification of these taxa. Recently, a study of some often overlooked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae included a new taxonomic classification for members of the Sordariales , many of which were based on nomenclatural errors or which lacked sufficient data to support their hypotheses. The authors did not contribute any new DNA sequences, but instead relied on datasets generated by previous authors in their published phylogenetic studies. Surprisingly, different results were obtained contradicting these previous studies and, in an act of taxonomic vandalism, five new families were introduced without performing further molecular analyses to verify the incongruencies with these previous studies. Three of these new families, which we consider doubtful, are Bombardiaceae , Lasiosphaeridaceae and Zygospermellaceae . The family Strattoniaceae is here considered superfluous since it was introduced to accommodate only a single genus and delimited based on a species that is not the type species of Strattonia . The Neoschizotheciaceae was erected based on the new genus Neoschizothecium , which was introduced to accommodate members of Schizothecium since Huang et al. (2021) considered Schizothecium as a synonym of Podospora after misinterpreting their type species as the same. However, Schizothecium and Podospora have been two independent genera based on two different type species for half a century, making Neoschizothecium and Neoschizotheciaceae superfluous. Moreover, they proposed 32 new combinations, 16 of which are now superfluous or doubtful. Most of these taxonomic errors could have been avoided if a proper literature review had been performed. Two examples are the new superfluous combinations of Triangularia tarvisina and Cladorrhinum olerum , because the former is considered conspecific with Triangularia setosa , and the latter conspecific with Cladorrhinum foecundissimum , the anamorph of Arnium olerum . The focus of the current review is to provide a scientifically responsible alternative to the erroneous novelties proposed at the family, genus and species level in the recent classification of Sordariales .
... Within the phylum Ascomycota, the order Sordariales is one of the largest and most diverse taxonomic groups within the class Sordariomycetes, and contains soil-borne, lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous taxa currently arranged among seven families (Lundquist 1972;Hawksworth 1986;Huhndorf et al. 2004;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). It also represents a source of prolific producers of a great diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites with interesting drug-like properties (Guo et al. 2019;Noumeur et al. 2020). ...
... Finally, the families Lasiosphaeridaceae and Zygospermellaceae were introduced to accommodate two different lineages with only one and two genera, respectively. However, both lineages were clustered together in previous phylogenetic studies and were closely related to the Schizotheciaceae, suggesting that these genera could belong to the latter family (Kruys et al. 2015;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). Generally speaking, this example emphasizes that much new evidence based on original research (rather than by just playing around with data from the public domain) will have to be generated until the taxonomy of the Sordariales can finally be stabilized. ...
... Therefore, the identification of taxa in the Sordariales employing only morphological characters is challenging, or even impossible in some cases. A polyphasic approach, combining morphological and other phenotypic data with molecular phylogenetic methods, is currently accepted as the best approach (Miller and Huhndorf 2005;Kruys et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2019a;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). In most cases, comparative sequence-based methods are the best option for the genus and species identification. ...
Ascomycetes belonging to the order Sordariales are a well-known reservoir of secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. Species of the Sordariales are ubiquitous, and they are commonly found in soils and in lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous habitats. Some of their species have been used as model organisms in modern fungal biology or were found to be prolific producers of potentially useful secondary metabolites. However, the majority of sordarialean species are poorly studied. Traditionally, the classification of the Sordariales has been mainly based on morphology of the ascomata, ascospores, and asexual states, characters that have been demonstrated to be homoplastic by modern taxonomic studies based on multi-locus phylogeny. Herein, we summarize for the first time relevant information about the available knowledge on the secondary metabolites and the biological activities exerted by representatives of this fungal order, as well as a current outlook of the potential opportunities that the recent advances in omic tools could bring for the discovery of secondary metabolites in this order.
... However, most species of Apiosordaria remained with an uncertain taxonomic placement. Subsequently, A. sacchari and A. striatispora were transferred to Triangularia, and A. globosa, A. hispanica, and A. vestita to Jugulospora, based on phylogenetic and morphological data [5]. In the present phylogenetic study, based on analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes, the new genus Morinagamyces is introduced to accommodate A. vermicularis, with phylogenetic affiliation to the recently established family Schizotheciaceae [5]. ...
... Subsequently, A. sacchari and A. striatispora were transferred to Triangularia, and A. globosa, A. hispanica, and A. vestita to Jugulospora, based on phylogenetic and morphological data [5]. In the present phylogenetic study, based on analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes, the new genus Morinagamyces is introduced to accommodate A. vermicularis, with phylogenetic affiliation to the recently established family Schizotheciaceae [5]. Table 1. ...
... The 1D-and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of compounds 1 and 2 were recorded with an Avance III 700 spectrometer with a 5 mm TXI cryoprobe (Bruker, 1 H NMR: 700 MHz, 13 C: 175 MHz, Billerica, MA, USA) and an Avance III 500 (Bruker, 1 H NMR: 500 MHz, 13 C: 125 MHz, Billerica, MA, USA) spectrometer, respectively. The chemical shifts δ were referenced to the solvents DMSO-d 6 ( 1 H, δ = 2.50; 13 C, δ = 39.51), and pyridine-d 5 ( 1 H, δ = 7.22; 13 C, δ = 123.87). ...
The new genus Morinagamyces is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus Apiosordaria vermicularis as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed
spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β‐tubulin (tub2) genes. Morinagamyces vermicularis was analyzed
for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), and the already known chaetone B (3). While the planar structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analysis and high‐resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as ‐L by Marfey’s method. The configuration of the 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyldecanyl unit was assigned as 22R,23R by Jbased configuration analysis and Mosher’s method after partial hydrolysis of the morinagadepsin to the linear derivative compound 2. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cell lines KB3.1 and L929, but no antimicrobial activity against the fungi and bacteria tested was observed, while 2 was inactive. Compound 3 was weakly cytotoxic against the cell line L929, but did not show any antimicrobial activity.
... In this study, we found that Cercophora species are scattered in Lasiosphaeriaceae, Naviculisporaceae, Podosporaceae and Neoschizotheciaceae in Sordariales (Fig. 26). Molecular data for the generic type, Cercophora mirabilis, has been sequenced and found that this species grouped with hyphomycetous Ramophialophora globispora in Neoschizotheciaceae Marin-Felix et al. 2020; this study, 100%ML/1.00BY, Fig. 26). ...
... This genus was rarely mentioned until it was clari ed by , and several Arnium species were then introduced (Cain and Mirza 1972; Krug and Cain 1972;Lundqvist 1974). Arnium species are phylogenetically scattered among the families of Sordariales, and several taxa have been transferred to Cladorrhinum, Podospora and Triangularia Marin-Felix et al. 2020). In this study, Arnium species nested in Naviculisporaceae, Podosporaceae and Neoschizotheciaceae, but there is no molecular data for A. lanuginosum. ...
Sordariomycetes is an earlier and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known old and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae ( Apodospora , Bombardia , Bombardioidea and Fimetariella ), Lasiosphaeriaceae ( Anopodium , Bellojisia , Corylomyces , Lasiosphaeria , Mammaria and Zopfiella ), Lasiosphaeridaceae ( Lasiosphaeris ), Strattoniaceae ( Strattonia ) and Zygospermellaceae ( Episternus and Zygospermella ). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium . Analysis of the type species of Boothiella , Stellatospora , Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is, Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales; Arnium , Biconiosporella , Camptosphaeria , Diffractella , Emblemospora , Eosphaeria , Periamphispora , Ramophialophora , Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales; Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes; Copromyces , Effetia , Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed include: Camaropella amorpha , Cam . microspora , Cam . plana , Cladorrhinum grandiusculum , Cla . leucotrichum , Cla . terricola , Cla . olerum , Helminthosphaeria plumbea , Immersiella hirta , Jugulospora minor , Lasiosphaeris arenicola , Neoschizothecium aloides , Neo . carpinicola , Neo . conicum , Neo . curvisporum , Neo . fimbriatum , Neo . glutinans , Neo . inaequale , Neo . minicaudum , Neo . selenosporum , Neo . tetrasporum , Neurospora autosteira , Podospora brunnescens , P . flexuosa , P . jamaicensis , P . hamata , P . macrospora , P . spinosa , Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena , T . nannopodalis , T . praecox , T . samala , T . tarvisina , T . unicaudata , T . yaeyamensis . New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea .
