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The genus Acanthostigma (Tubeufiaceae, Pleosporales)
Abstract
The genus Acanthostigma is redescribed on the basis of the re-examination of type material of A. perpusillum, type species of the genus. It is placed in the Tubeufiaceae and is characterized by having dark, setose ascomata, cellular pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate asci, hyaline, multiseptate, cylindrical-fusiform to elongate fusiform ascospores. Helicosporium and Helicomyces anamorphs and occurrence on rotten wood or on stromata of other ascomycetes. Six species are accepted in Acanthostigma. Acanthostigma ellisii, A. longisporum, A. perpusillum, A. revocatum. A. minutum and A. scopulum are redescribed and illustrated on the basis of re-examination of type material. A new combination for A. longisporum is proposed. A kev to species in Acanthostigma is provided. Acanthostigma filisporum is excluded and its affinity to the Niessliaceae is discussed. Acanthostigmina is relegated to synonymy with Acanthostigma. Two species previously referred to Acanthostigmina and one to Tubeufia sect. Acanthostigmina are not accepted in Acanthostigma and are transferred to Taphrophila in the Tubeufiaceae and proposed as three new combinations T. hebridensis, T. miscanthi and T. trichella.
... & Sacc. Acanthostigma currently includes six species and recently has been reviewed by Réblová and Barr (2000). The genus is characterized by vinaceous, reddishbrown or dark brown ascomata that are covered with dark brownish-black, often opaque, obtuse or acute setae. ...
... In species of Tubeufia the ascomata are hyaline, whitish or yellowish to pinkish, but may become dark at maturity. They are smooth, or are covered with protruding cells, thick-walled hyphal appendages, or short dark setae (Réblová and Barr 2000 . 3-4. ...
... Gard. 16:279, 1929, from Réblová andBarr (2000). ...
Acanthostigma scopulum, Tubeufia claspisphaeria sp. nov. and T. paludosa were identified from submerged wood collected in a small forest stream on Lantau Island, Hong Kong. The collections of Acanthostigma scopulum and Tubeufia paludosa differed slightly from the original descriptions. Tubeufia claspisphaeria differs from previously described species in that it has hook-shaped setae that form radially around the ostiole. This new species is described and illustrated and compared with the most similar species. A dichotomous key to the 16 accepted species in Tubeufia is provided.
... Thaxteriella produces brown to black ascomata and the type species is linked to a Helicoma anamorph (Pirozynski 1972), while Tubeufia species are more reddish and brightly colored and the type produces a Helicosporium anamorph (Barr 1980, Goos 1989. Acanthostigma species can have either Helicomyces or Helicosporium anamorphs but unlike the other genera their ascomata have setae (Réblová andBarr 2000, Kodsueb et al 2004). These generic concepts remain confusing and poorly investigated (Pirozynski 1972, Samuels et al 1979, Crane et al 1998, Réblová and Barr 2000, and Thaxteriella is variously retained as a distinct genus or made a section within Tubeufia. ...
... Acanthostigma species can have either Helicomyces or Helicosporium anamorphs but unlike the other genera their ascomata have setae (Réblová andBarr 2000, Kodsueb et al 2004). These generic concepts remain confusing and poorly investigated (Pirozynski 1972, Samuels et al 1979, Crane et al 1998, Réblová and Barr 2000, and Thaxteriella is variously retained as a distinct genus or made a section within Tubeufia. Tubeufia helicoma and Tubeufia amazonensis have been transferred to Thaxteriella (Crane et al 1998). ...
... Tubeufia helicoma and Tubeufia amazonensis have been transferred to Thaxteriella (Crane et al 1998). Tubeufia clintonii recently was synonymized with Acanthostigma perpusillum (Réblová and Barr 2000). ...
Three genera of asexual, helical-spored fungi, Helicoma, Helicomyces and Helicosporium traditionally have been differentiated by the morphology of their conidia and conidiophores. In this paper we assessed their phylogenetic relationships from ribosomal sequences from ITS, 5.8S and partial LSU regions using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. Forty-five isolates from the three genera were closely related and were within the teleomorphic genus Tubeufia sensu Barr (Tubeufiaceae, Ascomycota). Most of the species could be placed in one of the seven clades that each received 78% or greater bootstrap support. However none of the anamorphic genera were monophyletic and all but one of the clades contained species from more than one genus. The 15 isolates of Helicoma were scattered through the phylogeny and appeared in five of the clades. None of the four sections within the genus were monophyletic, although species from Helicoma sect. helicoma were concentrated in Clade A. The Helicosporium species also appeared in five clades. The four Helicomyces species were distributed among three clades. Most of the clades supported by sequence data lacked unifying morphological characters. Traditional characters such as the thickness of the conidial filament and whether conidiophores were conspicuous or reduced proved to be poor predictors of phylogenetic relationships. However some combinations of characters including conidium colour and the presence of lateral, tooth-like conidiogenous cells did appear to be predictive of genetic relationships.
... sensu Barr (1980) is characterized by brightly colored to dark brown ascomata with or without setae, by bitunicate asci and by fusiform, hyaline ascospores (Barr 1980). Two other genera in the Tubeufiaceae, Acanthostigma de Not. and Taphrophila Scheuer, resembled the meiotic ascomycete in having ascomata with setae (Scheuer 1991, Réblová andBarr 2000). Previous analysis of ribosomal SSU, ITS and partial LSU data has shown that Tubeufia sensu Barr (1980) and most species of the anamorphic genera Helicoma Corda, Helicomyces, and Helicosporium Nees were close relatives, clustering with 100% bootstrap support in a clade designated 'Tubeufiaceae s. str.' (Tsui and Berbee 2006). ...
... In both cases the new sequences were identical to the original ones in GenBank, confirming our conclusions. According to the circumscription of Réblová and Barr (2000) pseudothecia of Acanthostigma bear setae but those of Tubeufia do not and T. asiana has unbranched setae. Our results call into question the use of ascomatal setae to distinguish genera. ...
The teleomorph of Aquaphila albicans was discovered on submerged wood collected in Thailand. Its black, soft-textured, setose ascomata, bitunicate asci and hyaline to pale brown, multiseptate ascospores indicated an affinity to Tubeufiaceae (Dothideomycetes). After morphological or molecular comparisons with related species in Tubeufia, Acanthostigma and Taphrophila, it is described and illustrated as a new species, T. asiana Sivichai & K.M. Tsui, sp. nov. Finding this Tubeufia teleomorph was surprising, given the falcate conidia of its A. albicans anamorph, which superficially resemble the conidia of Fusarium and not the coiled, helicosporous conidia of other species in Tubeufiaceae. We assessed the phylogenetic relationships of A. albicans-T. asiana with ribosomal sequences from SSU and ITS and partial LSU regions by parsimony and Bayesian analysis. An initial set of 40 taxa representing a wide range of ascomycete families and their SSU sequences from GenBank showed A. albicans-T. asiana to be nested within the Tubeufiaceae with 100% bootstrap support. Their placement was inferred with ITS and partial LSU ribosomal sequences. The nearly identical ITS sequences of two isolates of A. albicans and one isolate of Tubeufia asiana united these fungi as a monophyletic group with 100% bootstrap support and further nested them, with 88% bootstrap support, in a clade containing Helicoon gigantisporum and Helicoma chlamydosporum. This is the first molecular phylogenetic study to place a nonhelicosporous species within the Tubeufiaceae and to show that helical conidia were lost at least once within the family.
... Acanthostigma revocatum Sacc. Réblová and Barr (2000) A. minutum var. minutum (Fuckel) Sacc. ...
This study deals with an extensive taxonomic reevaluation focusing on phylogenetic relationships and morphological characterization of Tubeufiales, especially those helicosporous hyphomycetes which are difficult to identify. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce 13 new genera in the family Tubeufiaceae, viz. Acanthotubeufia, Dematiohelicoma, Dematiohelicomyces, Dematiohelicosporum, Dematiotubeufia, Helicoarctatus, Helicohyalinum, Helicotruncatum, Neochlamydotubeufia, Neohelicoma, Pleurohelicosporium, Pseudohelicomyces and Pseudohelicoon; transfer Chaetosphaerulina from Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis, and Artocarpomyces and Helicodochium from Ascomycetes genera incertae sedis into Tubeufiaceae; introduce 52 new species, viz. Berkleasmium fusiforme, B. longisporum, Chlamydotubeufia cylindrica, Dematiohelicosporum guttulatum, Helicoarctatus aquaticus, Helicodochium aquaticum, Helicohyalinum infundibulum, Helicoma aquaticum, H. brunneisporum, H. cocois, H. rufum, H. fusiforme, H. longisporum, H. multiseptatum, H. rubriappendiculatum, H. septoconstrictum, H. tectonae, Helicomyces hyalosporus, Helicosporium aquaticum, H. flavisporum, H. setiferum, H. vesicarium, H. viridiflavum, Neochlamydotubeufia fusiformis, Neohelicomyces hyalosporus, Neohelicosporium acrogenisporum, N. astrictum, N. ellipsoideum, N. irregulare, N. krabiense, N. laxisporum, N. ovoideum, Pleurohelicosporium parvisporum, Pseudohelicomyces aquaticus, P. hyalosporus, Tubeufia abundata, T. bambusicola, T. brevis, T. brunnea, T. chlamydospora, T. dictyospora, T. eccentrica, T. fangchengensis, T. hechiensis, T. inaequalis, T. krabiensis, T. rubra, T. sessilis, T. sympodihylospora, T. sympodilaxispora, T. taiwanensis and T. tratensis; provide 43 new combinations, viz. Acanthohelicospora guianensis, Acanthotubeufia filiforme, Berkleasmium aquatica, B. guangxiense, B. latisporum, B. thailandicum, Dematiohelicoma perelegans, D. pulchrum, Dematiohelicomyces helicosporus, Dematiotubeufia chiangraiensis, Helicohyalinum aquaticum, Helicoma elinorae, H. gigasporum, H. hongkongense, H. linderi, H. nematosporum, H. pannosum, H. serpentinum, Helicomyces chiayiensis, Helicotruncatum palmigenum, Neochlamydotubeufia khunkornensis, Neohelicoma fagacearum, Neohelicomyces pallidus, Neohelicosporium abuense, N. aurantiellum, N. griseum, N. morganii, N. myrtacearum, N. nizamabadense, N. sympodiophorum, N. taiwanense, N. vesiculiferum, Pseudohelicomyces indicus, P. paludosus, P. talbotii, Pseudohelicoon gigantisporum, P. subglobosum, Tubeufia dentophora, T. geniculata, T. lilliputea, T. machaerinae, T. sympodiophora and T. xylophila; introduce 16 new records, viz. Dictyospora thailandica, Helicomyces colligatus, H. torquatus, Neohelicosporium guangxiense, N. hyalosporum, N. parvisporum, Thaxteriellopsis lignicola, Tubeufia aquatica, T. chiangmaiensis, T. cylindrothecia, T. filiformis, T. guangxiensis, T. laxispora, T. parvispora, T. roseohelicospora and T. tectonae. The taxonomy of Helicoma, Helicomyces and Helicosporium is revisited based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence. Neorhamphoria is transferred to Bezerromycetaceae. Three species are excluded from the genus Chlamydotubeufia, twelve species from Helicoma, four species from Helicomyces, 25 species from Helicosporium, six species from Neoacanthostigma and one species from Tubeufia. A multi-gene phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1α sequence data of species of Tubeufiales is provided. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as the morphological comparison with similar taxa are explored. The checklist of accepted Tubeufiales species and re-organised Tubeufiales species are provided.
Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of
Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae
and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on
orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including
figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide
phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in
Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.
The new order, Catinellales, and four new families, Catinellaceae, Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae
are introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella, Pseudomicrothyrium, Flagellostrigula, Swinscowia, Macroconstrictolumina,
Pseudobogoriella, and Schummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae, Bogoriella complexoluminata,
Dothiorella ostryae, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis, Patellaria microspora, and Pseudomicrothyrium
thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports
and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
A new species in the new monotypic genus Lecythothecium, having a Sporidesmium anamorph, and the new species Ascolacicola austriaca are described, illustrated with line drawings and photographs, and classified using a combination of morphology and sequence data. A new chloridium-like synanamorph of Umbrinosphaeria caesariata is reported. To classify the two new species, other phenotypically similar perithecial ascomycete genera, viz. Ascotaiwania, Coniobrevicolla, Crassochaeta, Herbampulla, Savoryella and Umbrinosphaeria, were compared morphologically and for the large nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA). Despite the basic similarity in regard to perithecia, asci, apical annulus and ascospores, the classification of the two new species was problematic in that each possessed some phenotypic characters of several genera but could not be easily placed in any. Parsimony and distance analyses of LSU rDNA sequences of the fungi mentioned and representative taxa of seven ascomycetous orders were performed. The phylogeny showed Lecythothedum duriligni with a Sporidesmium anamorph to have affinity with the Chaetosphaeriaceae (98–100%). Umbrinosphaeria caesariata having Sporidesmium and chloridium-like synanamorphs also nested with high bootstrap value (98–100%) in the Chaetosphaeriaceae. The affinity of Ascolacicola austriaca lies with the Annulatascaceae/Trichosphaeriaceae in our phylogeny. The taxonomic and phylogenetic value of the massive, wedge-shaped apical annulus that characterizes the Annulatascaceae but that is also present in other genera, including Ascotaiwania, Lecythothecium, Crassochaeta, Herbampulla and Umbrinosphaeria, was tested in our phylogeny. The apical ring did not unite otherwise phenotypically diverse fungi in a clade, as is often the case with taxa established on the basis of a single character. The Annulatascaceae was revealed to be polyphyletic.
Berkleasmium is a polyphyletic genus comprising 37 dematiaceous hyphomycetous species. In this study, independent collections of the type species, B. concinnum, were made from Eastern North America. Nuclear internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) and partial nuc 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequences obtained from collections and subsequent cultures showed that Berkleasmium concinnum is the asexual morph of Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum ( Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales). Phylogenies inferred from Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of ITS-LSU sequence data confirmed this asexual-sexual morph connection and a re-examination of fungarium reference specimens also revealed the co-occurrence of N. septoconstrictum ascomata and B. concinnum sporodochia. Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum is therefore synonymized under B. concinnum on the basis of priority. A specimen identified as N. septoconstrictum from Thailand is described as N. thailandicum sp. nov., based on morphological and genetic distinctiveness.
In advancing to one scientific name for each fungus species, a number of name changes are required especially for plant-associated fungi. These include species names that are not in the correct genus. For example, the generic name Elsinoë is used for fungi causing scab diseases but a number of these species were described in the asexually typified genus Sphaceloma and must be placed in Elsinoë. In other cases species names were determined to be unrelated to the type species of the genus in which they are currently placed and are placed in a more appropriate genus. For each new name the history, rationale and importance of the name is discussed. The following new combinations are made: Acanthohelicospora aurea, A. scopula, Bifusella ahmadii, Botryobasidium capitatum, B. rubiginosum, Colletotrichum magnum, Crandallia acuminata, C. antarctica, Elsinoë arachadis, E. freyliniae, E. necator, E. perseae, E. poinsettiae, E. punicae, Entyloma gibbum, Harknessia farinosa, Passalora alocasiae, Protoventuria veronicae, Pseudocercosporella ranunculi, Psiloglonium stygium, Ramularia pseudomaculiformis, Seimatosporium tostum, Thielaviopsis radicicola combs. nov., and Venturia effusa.
The family Pseudoperisporiaceae is reviewed and the genera accepted are briefly discussed. The new species Raciborskiomyces garryanus is proposed. New combinations in Eudimeriolum, E. andromedae and E. plantaginis, in Nematostoma, N garryae and N. parasiticum, in Neocoleroa, N. alpivaga, N. dryadis, N. fimbriata, N. gallica, N. lichenicola subsp. lichenicola and subsp. bouteillei, and W. molarifera, in Phaeodimeriella , P. langloisii and P. meliolicola, and in Raciborskiomyces, R. longisetosus , R. peltigericola, and R. volkartianus are presented.
A list of microfungi collected on St Kilda in September 1978 is given; five Agarics additional to Watling & Richardson's 1971 list are also listed.
Examination of the type and other specimens of Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier and of Ophiobolus oryzinus Sacc. has shown that they are identical, and should be known under the name G. graminis var. graminis. This fungus produces on its hosts a mycelium with abundant lobed brown hyphopodia. The fungus causing take-all of wheat differs from G. graminis var. graminis in having simple unlobed hyphopodia and is named G. graminis var. tritici var. nov. The oat take-all fungus, G. graminis var. avenae (E. M. Turner) Dennis, also has simple unlobed hyphopodia, with larger ascospores than the other two varieties. A group of Gaeumannomyces species with hyphopodiate mycelia on Carex spp. is recognized. The significance of these results on identification of cereal take-all fungi and on their host ranges is discussed.
Type specimens of several species described earlier than G. graminis were also examined. The names Sphaeria cariceti Berk. & Br. and S. eucrypta Berk. & Br. cannot be applied to the cereal take-all group of fungi. S. helicospora Berk. & Br. is transferred to Acanthophiobolus and S. chaetophora Crouan is reduced to synonymy under this name. Several other species are considered.
Linocarpon smilacis sp. nov., Nitschkia phaeospora sp. nov., Ophiodothella cyclobalanopsidis sp. nov., Physalospora palmicola sp. nov., Physalospora smilacis sp. nov. and Tubeufia miscanthi sp. nov. from Taiwan are described and illustrated by microphotographs. Each is compared with related taxa.
Cryptoniesslia setulosa, found on decaying leaves of Carex arenaria in Devon, is described as a new genus and species of the Niessliaceae. No anamorph was observed in agar cultures derived from ascospores.