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Two new and endangered species of Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae) from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil

  • June 2015
  • Phytotaxa 212(4):271-282
DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.3
Authors:
Mauricio Takashi Coutinho Watanabe at Instituto Tecnológico Vale
Mauricio Takashi Coutinho Watanabe
  • Instituto Tecnológico Vale
Livia Echternacht at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
Livia Echternacht
Nancy Hensold at Field Museum of Natural History
Nancy Hensold
Paulo Takeo Sano at University of São Paulo
Paulo Takeo Sano
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Abstract and Figures

We describe and illustrate two new species of Syngonanthus from Chapada dos Veadeiros (Central highlands of Brazil), an area known for its high number of endemic and threatened species, such as those described here. These species have a restricted distribution and inhabit critical areas. Syngonanthus incurvifolius has not been collected since 1994 and is criti- cally endangered; Syngonanthus vittatus is known only from a small somewhat disturbed area, on private property, and is endangered. Evaluation of threatened status was provided by CNCFlora, the IUCN Red List Authority in Brazil.
Map of Chapada dos Veadeiros region showing collection localities of Syngonanthus incurvifolius and S. vittatus.
Map of Chapada dos Veadeiros region showing collection localities of Syngonanthus incurvifolius and S. vittatus.
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A-G. Syngonanthus incurvifolius (based on Irwin et al. 24648). A. Habit; B. Capitulum detail; C. From outermost to innermost series of involucral bracts; D. Staminate flower; E. Various forms of sepals of staminate flower; F. Pistillate flower with one sepal removed; G. Gynoecium. H-N. S. vittatus (based on Watanabe & Watanabe 377). H. Habit; I. Capitulum detail; J. From outermost to innermost series of involucral bracts; K. Staminate flower; L. Various forms of sepals of staminate flower; M. Pistillate flower with one sepal removed; N. Gynoecium. Illustrated by Marcelo Kubo.
A-G. Syngonanthus incurvifolius (based on Irwin et al. 24648). A. Habit; B. Capitulum detail; C. From outermost to innermost series of involucral bracts; D. Staminate flower; E. Various forms of sepals of staminate flower; F. Pistillate flower with one sepal removed; G. Gynoecium. H-N. S. vittatus (based on Watanabe & Watanabe 377). H. Habit; I. Capitulum detail; J. From outermost to innermost series of involucral bracts; K. Staminate flower; L. Various forms of sepals of staminate flower; M. Pistillate flower with one sepal removed; N. Gynoecium. Illustrated by Marcelo Kubo.
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Syngonanthus incurvifolius and other morphologically similar Syngonanthus species. A-C. Comparison among leaves: A. Syngonanthus densifolius var. majus showing erect, flexuous leaves in a rosette; B. Incurved leaves of S. incurvifolius; C. Leaf of S. densifolius var. brachyphyllus, showing achlorophyllous base. D-G. Comparison among sexual traits of S. incurvifolius and S. densifolius var. majus: D. Staminate flower of S. incurvifolius (trichomes removed from pedicel); E. Pistillate flower of S. incurvifolius with filamentous trichomes; F. Staminate flower of S. densifolius var. majus; G. Pistillate flower of S. densifolius var. majus exhibiting trichomes only at upper portion of the sepals; H. Capitulum detail of S. incurvifolius; I-J. Comparative vestiture of the petals in pistillate flowers: I. S. incurvifolius showing pilose petals; J. Petals glabrous in S. densifolius var. majus. Scale bars: B= 3 mm. C,H= 2mm. D-G, I-J: 500 µm. (Photos by Mauricio T. C. Watanabe).
Syngonanthus incurvifolius and other morphologically similar Syngonanthus species. A-C. Comparison among leaves: A. Syngonanthus densifolius var. majus showing erect, flexuous leaves in a rosette; B. Incurved leaves of S. incurvifolius; C. Leaf of S. densifolius var. brachyphyllus, showing achlorophyllous base. D-G. Comparison among sexual traits of S. incurvifolius and S. densifolius var. majus: D. Staminate flower of S. incurvifolius (trichomes removed from pedicel); E. Pistillate flower of S. incurvifolius with filamentous trichomes; F. Staminate flower of S. densifolius var. majus; G. Pistillate flower of S. densifolius var. majus exhibiting trichomes only at upper portion of the sepals; H. Capitulum detail of S. incurvifolius; I-J. Comparative vestiture of the petals in pistillate flowers: I. S. incurvifolius showing pilose petals; J. Petals glabrous in S. densifolius var. majus. Scale bars: B= 3 mm. C,H= 2mm. D-G, I-J: 500 µm. (Photos by Mauricio T. C. Watanabe).
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Syngonanthus vittatus and other morphologically similar Syngonanthus species. A-E. S. vittatus: A. Habit detail showing specimen at flowering; B. Rosette and roots; C. Elliptic sepal of staminate flower; D. Other forms of sepals revealing concave shapes in staminate flowers; E. Three different shapes of sepals in the same staminate flower revealing asymmetry among the sepals. F-I. Comparison among capitula in Syngonanthus species: F. S. arenarius var. heterophyllus; G. S. vittatus; H. S. densifolius var. brachyphyllus; I. S. densifolius var. majus; J-K. Pistillate flower of S. vittatus: J. Flower exhibiting trichomes on sepals; K. Flower with two sepals removed, the remaining sepal with hairs deciduous, showing the glabrous petals; L. Pistillate flower of S. arenarius var. heterophyllus; M-N. Staminate flowers of S. vittatus: M. Young flower; N. Mature flower; O. Staminate flower of S. arenarius var. heterophyllus. Scale bars: C,M= 500 µm. D-E, J-L, N-O= 1 mm. F-I= 2 mm. (Photos by Mauricio T. C. Watanabe).
Syngonanthus vittatus and other morphologically similar Syngonanthus species. A-E. S. vittatus: A. Habit detail showing specimen at flowering; B. Rosette and roots; C. Elliptic sepal of staminate flower; D. Other forms of sepals revealing concave shapes in staminate flowers; E. Three different shapes of sepals in the same staminate flower revealing asymmetry among the sepals. F-I. Comparison among capitula in Syngonanthus species: F. S. arenarius var. heterophyllus; G. S. vittatus; H. S. densifolius var. brachyphyllus; I. S. densifolius var. majus; J-K. Pistillate flower of S. vittatus: J. Flower exhibiting trichomes on sepals; K. Flower with two sepals removed, the remaining sepal with hairs deciduous, showing the glabrous petals; L. Pistillate flower of S. arenarius var. heterophyllus; M-N. Staminate flowers of S. vittatus: M. Young flower; N. Mature flower; O. Staminate flower of S. arenarius var. heterophyllus. Scale bars: C,M= 500 µm. D-E, J-L, N-O= 1 mm. F-I= 2 mm. (Photos by Mauricio T. C. Watanabe).
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