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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T46351A87583893
Scope: Global
Language: English
Angraecum sanfordii
Assessment by: Simo, M., Stévart, T., Pollard, B.J. & Droissart, V.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Simo, M., Stévart, T., Pollard, B.J. & Droissart, V. 2018. Angraecum sanfordii. The IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T46351A87583893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-
1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
Copyright: © 2018 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae
Taxon Name:ÊÊAngraecum sanfordii P.J.Cribb & B.J.Pollard
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v) ver 3.1
Year Published: 2018
Date Assessed: July 20, 2016
Justification:
The species is assessed here as Endangered [EN]. The extent of occurrence (EOO) of Angraecum
sanfordii is estimated to be 274 km2 and its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 20 km2, both of
which fall within the thresholds for Endangered under criterion B. The species is known from five
subpopulations in Cameroon. These five subpopulations represent two different locations, which falls
within the thresholds for Endangered under subcriterion B1a+2a. Angraecum sanfordii has been
collected in lowland, montane and submontane forests, above Buea on Mount Cameroon National Park,
and above Nyasoso and on the summit of Kupe Rock, at 800−2,000 m elevation. On Mount Kupe, much
of the forest above 1,000 m has some form of protected status because it is not easily accessible.
However, collection sites in Buea and above Nyasoso are under human pressure. The main threats are
the clearance of forest for collecting of fuelwood and shifting agriculture following the continuous
expansion of the town. Due to these threats, the plants at the locality collected by Sanford above Buea
in Mount Cameroon have probably disappeared. Within the near future, this ongoing loss of the species
habitat will lead to a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals of the species. This species
is therefore assessed as EN B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v).
The species was assessed as EN B1ab(iii) +2ab(iii) in Pollard (2011), based on human pressures on its
habitat.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2004 – Endangered (EN)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T46351A11051072.en
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Angraecum sanfordii is endemic to the western part of Cameroon. The species is recorded from Buea,
Mount Cameroon and Mount Kupe, between 800 and 2,000 m elevation. The extent of occurrence
(EOO) is estimated to be 274.3 km2 while the area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 20 km2.
Country Occurrence:
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
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Native: Cameroon
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
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Population
The population of Angraecum sanfordii is currently thought to b declining because the habitat above
Buea in Mount Cameroon is currently facing selective logging and clearance for agriculture and
urbanization. The species is known from five subpopulations that represent two different locations. The
number of individuals of the species is not known and cannot be estimated since the species is
epiphyte.
Current Population Trend:ÊÊDecreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
Angraecum sanfordii is epiphyte in lowland, submontane and montane forests, above Buea, above
Nyasoso and on the summit of Kupe Rock.
Systems:ÊÊTerrestrial
Use and Trade
The species is not known to be used or traded, however, specialist collectors with an interest in
collecting and growing epiphytes might be interested in the species hence the range maps are not
published here.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
Above Buea, the vegetation is facing clearance for plantation (crops and timber) agriculture and
urbanization. On Mt Kupe, the site at 1,100 m above Nyasoso is threatened by encroachment of
agriculture following the continued expansion of this town, particularly because of migration of people
into this general part of the Southwest Region from the Northwest and West Regions.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Angraecum sanfordii is known from five subpopulations representing two different locations, of which
only one appears under protection. In fact, much of the forest above 1,000 m, around the summit of
Kupe rock has some form of protected status with a limited disturbance. However, efforts to rediscover
the population on the eastern slopes of Mt Cameroon should be made. A survey of its population on Mt
Kupe, particularly at lower elevations, would allow a better assessment of its status on the mountain,
seemingly the stronghold of this species. The species is cultivated in the Yaoundé shade house.
Credits
Assessor(s): Simo, M., Stévart, T., Pollard, B.J. & Droissart, V.
Reviewer(s): Lowry, P., Schatz, G.E., Onana, J.-M. & Rankou, H.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
3
Bibliography
Cribb, P.J. and Pollard, B.J. 2002. New orchid discoveries in western Cameroon. Kew Bulletin 57(3): 653-
659.
Droissart, V., Sonké, B. and Stévart, T. 2006. Les Orchidaceae endémiques d'Afrique centrale atlantique
présentes au Cameroun. Systematics and Geography of Plants 76(1): 3-84.
IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 28 June 2018).
Pollard, B.J. 2011. Orchidaceae. In: J.M. Onana and M. Cheek (eds), Red Data Book of the Flowering
Plants of Cameroon: IUCN Global Assessments, pp. 383-421. Kew Publishing, Kew.
Citation
Simo, M., Stévart, T., Pollard, B.J. & Droissart, V. 2018. Angraecum sanfordii. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2018: e.T46351A87583893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-
1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
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Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat Season Suitability Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable -
1. Forest -> 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane - Suitable -
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score
1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1.
Housing & urban areas
Ongoing - - -
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.4. Loss of pollinator
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.1. Shifting
agriculture
Ongoing - - -
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder
farming
Ongoing - - -
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.2. Wood & pulp
plantations -> 2.2.1. Small-holder plantations
Ongoing - - -
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.3. Unintentional effects:
(subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
Ongoing - - -
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
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2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning
Action Recovery plan: No
Systematic monitoring scheme: No
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over part of range
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Percentage of population protected by PAs (0-100): 0
Area based regional management plan: Unknown
Invasive species control or prevention: No
In-Place Species Management
Harvest management plan: No
Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: No
Subject to ex-situ conservation: Yes
In-Place Education
Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: Unknown
Included in international legislation: Yes
Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
1. Land/water protection -> 1.1. Site/area protection
1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection
3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recovery
3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.1. Captive breeding/artificial propagation
3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.2. Genome resource bank
4. Education & awareness -> 4.1. Formal education
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
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Conservation Actions Needed
4. Education & awareness -> 4.3. Awareness & communications
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends
3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 20
Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): No
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 274.3
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
Number of Locations: 2
Continuing decline in number of locations: No
Lower elevation limit (m): 800
Upper elevation limit (m): 2000
Population
Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
Population severely fragmented: Yes
Habitats and Ecology
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
7
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T46351A87583893
Scope: Global
Language: English
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.
The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens
Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;
Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Angraecum sanfordii – published in 2018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T46351A87583893.en
8