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Grasses Online -
Scratchpads for Poaceae
       Bryan Simon,
   Queensland Herbarium
Scratchpads
   A flexible online resource for biodiversity
    hosted by Natural History Museum, London.

   In the first year (2007) 466 people from
    more than 30 countries registered for
    Scratchpads.

   In Aug 2011 there were 3466 active users in
    more than 60 countries. 363,000 pages of
    content since March 2007.

   Currently 314 Scratchpad sites, one of which
    is GrassWorld and another is AusGrass2.
Scratchpads (314)
GrassWorld & AusGrass2
16th           19th
    (largest plant group)   (3rd largest plant group)
Taxonomy
           Taxonomy import,
           management and
                 navigation
Bibliographic data




Reference manager /
Endnote support for
bibliographies
Images




Image galleries,
image upload &
annotation
Phylogeny




 Nexus / Newick import for
 visualizing phylogenies
Character Matricies




     Molecular & morphological character matricies
      (discrete, morphometric and text characters)
Distribution Maps




Presence absence
country maps
Specimens & locations (fine precision)




 Specimen & location
 records (DwC)
Pages, Forums, Blogs, Newsletters




                                Static web pages



Web fora with e-
mail integration


                                Newsletters with
                   User blogs   e-mail integration
Formal publication online
GrassWorld
 (genera & species)
GrassWorld Menu Items
   Descriptions of World Grasses
   Global Distribution Maps
   Check List of World Grasses
   Classification
   Historic Literature
   Generic Descriptions
   How to reference this site
   Interactive Keys
   Maps -TDWG
   Published Grass Illustrations and Images
   References
   World Grass Floras
   Agrostologists of Note
   Useful Links
Descriptions of World Grasses
 English               French
Descriptions of World Grasses
 Spanish              German
Global Distribution Maps
                 One global map for each
                  species

                 12,100 species

                 3 people inputting data from
                  continual upgrades of the
                  information in the DELTA
                  editor since May 2011

                 Sep 2012 – midway through
                  letter S.

                 Future plans are to colour
                  code where the distribution is
                  naturalised.
Global Distribution Data – Delta Editor
Global Distribution Data -Scratchpad Editor
Checklist of World Grasses
 World              Africa
Classification of Grasses
Classification of Grasses
Historic Literature
Genera Graminum (1986) Clayton & Renvoize - Keys
Historic Literature
Genera Graminum (1986) Clayton & Renvoize - figures
Generic Circumscription - Past and Present
Generic Circumscription - Past and Present
Issues relating to Generic Circumscriptiom
                 of Grasses
   The selection and use of characters

   Polyphyly, Paraphyly and Monophyly

   Parsimony

   Monotypic genera

   Generic concepts (circumscription by
    morphology and/or molecules)
Subfamily classification – Aristidoideae
      Cerros-Tlatilpa, Columbus & Barker 2011
Subfamily classification – Panicoideae
             Morrone et al 2012
Subfamily classification – Danthonoideae –
               Linder et al 2010
Subfamily classification – Chloridoideae –
              Peterson et al 2010
Generic Descriptions



                   At this stage
                    there is no
                    morphological
                    data in these
                    descriptions. it
                    is planned to
                    compile these
                    using the DELTA
                    progam
                    gesumm
Interactive Keys
              Not presently online but
               will cross-link from
               Identifylife

              These will be in English,
               French, German and
               Spanish.


              The INTKEY keys in
               these 4 languages are all
               ready to be uploaded.
Published Grass Illustrations
Achlaena piptostachya
    Illustrations (Books): A.S.Hitchcock, Manual of the Grasses of the West Indies (1936).
Achnatherum altum
    Illustrations (Books): G.E.Gibbs Russell el al, Grasses of Southern Africa (1990).
Achnatherum aridum
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum arnowiae
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum breviaristatum
    Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007).
Achnatherum bromoides
    Illustrations (Books): N.Feinbrun-Dothan, Flora Palaestina 4 (1986).
Achnatherum chingii
    Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007).
Achnatherum contractum
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum coronatum
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum curvifolium
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum diegoense
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007).
Achnatherum duthiei
    Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007).
Achnatherum eminens
    Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24   Poaceae, part 1
    (2007); R.McVaugh, Flora Nova-Galiciana Vol.14 Gramineae (1983).
World Grass Floras
Agrostologists of Note
        A.Camus       90 Names
        Arber
        Barker
        Barkworth
        Bentham
        Blake
        Bor
        Bosser
        Burbidge
        Butzin
        Chase
        Chippindall
        Clark
        Clayton
        Clifford
        Columbus
        Conert
        Connor
        Cope
        Davidse
Agrostologists of Note (94)
Blake                   Bentham
Agrostologists of Note
Useful Links
   AVH
   Angiosperm Phylogeny
   AusGrass2
   CNWG
   DELTA
   GRIN
   Gateway to African Plants - Poaceae
   Generic Synonyms (Kew)
   Global Compendium of Weeds
   GrassBase & Synon
   Grasses of Argentina
   Grasses of Brazil
   Grasses of China (FoC)
   Grasses of Flora Zambesiaca
   Grasses of Madagascar
   Grasses of Mongolia
   Grasses of NZ
   Grasses of North America
   Grasses of Pakistan
   Grasses of Taiwan
   Grasses of Zimbabwe
   IPNI
   IdentifyLife
   Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae
   TROPICOS
   The Plant List Poaceae
   Wikipedia English
   Wikipedia French
   Wikipedia German
   Wikipedia Spanish
Futher Information
   World Grasses
   Achlaena
   Achnatherum
   Aciachne
   Acidosasa
   Acostia
   Acrachne
   Acritochaete
   Acroceras
   Actinocladum
   Aegilops
   Aeluropus
   Afrotrichloris
   Agenium
   Agnesia
   Agropyron
Further Information
                Bibliography, Maps (TADWG and GBIF), Google Scholar,
Wikipedia, Images (Flickr, Morphbank, Yahoo), Molecular databases and many others
AusGrass2
(genera, species & infra-specific taxa)
AusGrass2 – Menu Items
   Acknowledgements
   Characters
   Classification
   Common Names
   Dichotomous Keys
   Fact Sheets
   Glossary
   Grass Structure
   How to reference this site
   Interactive Keys
   References
   Synonyms
   Useful Links
Characters
Morphology                Distribution
Classification
link to genera fact sheets
Classification
link to genera dichotomous keys
Common Names
 link to species fact sheets
Dichotomous Keys –genera
      link to genera fact sheets
Dichotomous Keys – species
      link to species fact sheets
Fact Sheets - Genera
Fact Sheets Genera
Fact Sheets - species
Fact Sheets – Species Maps and Images
Fact Sheets – Comments (under Neurachne tenuifolia)
Glossary
Interactive keys
References
Synonyms
all link to species fact sheets
Further Information
   Further information
    Australian Grasses (244)
    Acrachne (1)
    Acroceras (1)
    Agrostis (13)
    Aira (5)
    Alexfloydia (1)
    Alloteropsis (2)
    Alopecurus (4)
    Amelichloa (2)
    Ammophila (1)
    Amphibromus (10)
    Amphipogon (9)
    Ancistrachne (2)
    Andropogon (4)
    Anisopogon (1)
    Anthosachne (5)
    Anthoxanthum (2)
    Apera (1)
    Apluda (1)
    Aristida (59)
    Arrhenatherum (1)
    Arthragrostis (4)
    Arthraxon (2)
    Arundinaria (2)
    Arundinella (4)
    Arundo (1)
    Astrebla (4)
    Australopyrum (3)
    Austrochloris (1)
    Austroderia (1)
    Austrostipa (64)
    Avellinia (1)
    Avena (7)
    Axonopus (2)
    Bambusa (3)
    Bothriochloa (10)
    Brachyachne (5)
    Brachypodium (1)
    Briza (3)
    Bromus (18)
    Calamagrostis (1)
    Calyptochloa (2)
Google Analytics - GrassWorld
Google Analytics – AusGrass2
Google Analytics -   GrassWorld July 8
Google Analytics -   GrassWorld July 8
GrassWorld and AusGrass2: The future
   GrassWorld
   Generic Descriptions using gesumm
   Global maps – native and naturalised distributions
   Images
   Type specimen Images
   Blogs and Groups
   Interactive keys (Intkey and Lucid) to both Genera and Species on Identify Life
   Newsletter




   AusGrass2
   Morphological data where missing
   Brush up on links from keys and synonyms
   Interactive keys (Intkey and Lucid) to both Genera and Species on Identify Life
   Add more images
   Newsletter
Scratchpad2
   Line wrap problem fixed
   Maps with colour separation (useful for weed distribution)
   Integrated mapping tools - dynamically display point locality data,
    regional data and shape files as overlays on a Google Map
   Over 2012 a number of additional enhancements are planned.
    These include:
   Integrated Single Sign On (SSO), (with author-ID)
   Proper Globally Unique Identifiers beyond URL’s
   Scratchpad site registry with metadata and visualisations
    concerning content in all the Scratchpads and author level metrics
    on content
    Rebuild of http://Scratchpads.eu, focusing on content within sites
    rather than the Scratchpad infrastructure
   Identification key building and species database visualisations
    derived from character data in the matrix editor
   Centralised services on controlled vocabularies
   Phylogenetic analytical services
   Improved training functionality
Acknowledgements
   Yucely Alfonso and Dan Healy (BRI) for many hours
    of data input

   Kehan Harman and Maria Vorontsova (K) for use and
    transfer of Grassbase data and RBG Kew, especially
    Derek Clayton, for the use of this data

   Gilberto Ocampo (CAS), Philip Sharpe (Coolum),
    Hildemar Scholz (B) and Philippe Morat (P) for
    translating the Delta character set to Spanish, German
    and French.

   Irina Brake (BM) and Isa Vandevelde (Natural
    Sciences Museum, Belgium) for Scratchpad tutoring.

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Grasses Online - Scratchpads for Poaceae

  • 1. Grasses Online - Scratchpads for Poaceae Bryan Simon, Queensland Herbarium
  • 2. Scratchpads  A flexible online resource for biodiversity hosted by Natural History Museum, London.  In the first year (2007) 466 people from more than 30 countries registered for Scratchpads.  In Aug 2011 there were 3466 active users in more than 60 countries. 363,000 pages of content since March 2007.  Currently 314 Scratchpad sites, one of which is GrassWorld and another is AusGrass2.
  • 4. GrassWorld & AusGrass2 16th 19th (largest plant group) (3rd largest plant group)
  • 5.
  • 6. Taxonomy Taxonomy import, management and navigation
  • 7. Bibliographic data Reference manager / Endnote support for bibliographies
  • 9. Phylogeny Nexus / Newick import for visualizing phylogenies
  • 10. Character Matricies Molecular & morphological character matricies (discrete, morphometric and text characters)
  • 12. Specimens & locations (fine precision) Specimen & location records (DwC)
  • 13. Pages, Forums, Blogs, Newsletters Static web pages Web fora with e- mail integration Newsletters with User blogs e-mail integration
  • 16. GrassWorld Menu Items  Descriptions of World Grasses  Global Distribution Maps  Check List of World Grasses  Classification  Historic Literature  Generic Descriptions  How to reference this site  Interactive Keys  Maps -TDWG  Published Grass Illustrations and Images  References  World Grass Floras  Agrostologists of Note  Useful Links
  • 17. Descriptions of World Grasses English French
  • 18. Descriptions of World Grasses Spanish German
  • 19. Global Distribution Maps  One global map for each species  12,100 species  3 people inputting data from continual upgrades of the information in the DELTA editor since May 2011  Sep 2012 – midway through letter S.  Future plans are to colour code where the distribution is naturalised.
  • 20. Global Distribution Data – Delta Editor
  • 21. Global Distribution Data -Scratchpad Editor
  • 22. Checklist of World Grasses World Africa
  • 25. Historic Literature Genera Graminum (1986) Clayton & Renvoize - Keys
  • 26. Historic Literature Genera Graminum (1986) Clayton & Renvoize - figures
  • 27. Generic Circumscription - Past and Present
  • 28. Generic Circumscription - Past and Present
  • 29. Issues relating to Generic Circumscriptiom of Grasses  The selection and use of characters  Polyphyly, Paraphyly and Monophyly  Parsimony  Monotypic genera  Generic concepts (circumscription by morphology and/or molecules)
  • 30. Subfamily classification – Aristidoideae Cerros-Tlatilpa, Columbus & Barker 2011
  • 31. Subfamily classification – Panicoideae Morrone et al 2012
  • 32. Subfamily classification – Danthonoideae – Linder et al 2010
  • 33. Subfamily classification – Chloridoideae – Peterson et al 2010
  • 34. Generic Descriptions  At this stage there is no morphological data in these descriptions. it is planned to compile these using the DELTA progam gesumm
  • 35. Interactive Keys  Not presently online but will cross-link from Identifylife  These will be in English, French, German and Spanish.  The INTKEY keys in these 4 languages are all ready to be uploaded.
  • 36. Published Grass Illustrations Achlaena piptostachya Illustrations (Books): A.S.Hitchcock, Manual of the Grasses of the West Indies (1936). Achnatherum altum Illustrations (Books): G.E.Gibbs Russell el al, Grasses of Southern Africa (1990). Achnatherum aridum Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum arnowiae Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum breviaristatum Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007). Achnatherum bromoides Illustrations (Books): N.Feinbrun-Dothan, Flora Palaestina 4 (1986). Achnatherum chingii Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007). Achnatherum contractum Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum coronatum Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum curvifolium Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum diegoense Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007). Achnatherum duthiei Illustrations (Books): S-L Chen et al, Flora of China, Illustrations, Poaceae (2007). Achnatherum eminens Illustrations (Books): M.E.Barkworth et al, Flora of North America north of Mexico Vol 24 Poaceae, part 1 (2007); R.McVaugh, Flora Nova-Galiciana Vol.14 Gramineae (1983).
  • 38. Agrostologists of Note  A.Camus 90 Names  Arber  Barker  Barkworth  Bentham  Blake  Bor  Bosser  Burbidge  Butzin  Chase  Chippindall  Clark  Clayton  Clifford  Columbus  Conert  Connor  Cope  Davidse
  • 39. Agrostologists of Note (94) Blake Bentham
  • 41. Useful Links  AVH  Angiosperm Phylogeny  AusGrass2  CNWG  DELTA  GRIN  Gateway to African Plants - Poaceae  Generic Synonyms (Kew)  Global Compendium of Weeds  GrassBase & Synon  Grasses of Argentina  Grasses of Brazil  Grasses of China (FoC)  Grasses of Flora Zambesiaca  Grasses of Madagascar  Grasses of Mongolia  Grasses of NZ  Grasses of North America  Grasses of Pakistan  Grasses of Taiwan  Grasses of Zimbabwe  IPNI  IdentifyLife  Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae  TROPICOS  The Plant List Poaceae  Wikipedia English  Wikipedia French  Wikipedia German  Wikipedia Spanish
  • 42. Futher Information  World Grasses  Achlaena  Achnatherum  Aciachne  Acidosasa  Acostia  Acrachne  Acritochaete  Acroceras  Actinocladum  Aegilops  Aeluropus  Afrotrichloris  Agenium  Agnesia  Agropyron
  • 43. Further Information Bibliography, Maps (TADWG and GBIF), Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Images (Flickr, Morphbank, Yahoo), Molecular databases and many others
  • 44. AusGrass2 (genera, species & infra-specific taxa)
  • 45. AusGrass2 – Menu Items  Acknowledgements  Characters  Classification  Common Names  Dichotomous Keys  Fact Sheets  Glossary  Grass Structure  How to reference this site  Interactive Keys  References  Synonyms  Useful Links
  • 46. Characters Morphology Distribution
  • 48. Classification link to genera dichotomous keys
  • 49. Common Names link to species fact sheets
  • 50. Dichotomous Keys –genera link to genera fact sheets
  • 51. Dichotomous Keys – species link to species fact sheets
  • 52. Fact Sheets - Genera
  • 54. Fact Sheets - species
  • 55. Fact Sheets – Species Maps and Images
  • 56. Fact Sheets – Comments (under Neurachne tenuifolia)
  • 60. Synonyms all link to species fact sheets
  • 61. Further Information  Further information  Australian Grasses (244)  Acrachne (1)  Acroceras (1)  Agrostis (13)  Aira (5)  Alexfloydia (1)  Alloteropsis (2)  Alopecurus (4)  Amelichloa (2)  Ammophila (1)  Amphibromus (10)  Amphipogon (9)  Ancistrachne (2)  Andropogon (4)  Anisopogon (1)  Anthosachne (5)  Anthoxanthum (2)  Apera (1)  Apluda (1)  Aristida (59)  Arrhenatherum (1)  Arthragrostis (4)  Arthraxon (2)  Arundinaria (2)  Arundinella (4)  Arundo (1)  Astrebla (4)  Australopyrum (3)  Austrochloris (1)  Austroderia (1)  Austrostipa (64)  Avellinia (1)  Avena (7)  Axonopus (2)  Bambusa (3)  Bothriochloa (10)  Brachyachne (5)  Brachypodium (1)  Briza (3)  Bromus (18)  Calamagrostis (1)  Calyptochloa (2)
  • 62. Google Analytics - GrassWorld
  • 63. Google Analytics – AusGrass2
  • 64. Google Analytics - GrassWorld July 8
  • 65. Google Analytics - GrassWorld July 8
  • 66. GrassWorld and AusGrass2: The future  GrassWorld  Generic Descriptions using gesumm  Global maps – native and naturalised distributions  Images  Type specimen Images  Blogs and Groups  Interactive keys (Intkey and Lucid) to both Genera and Species on Identify Life  Newsletter  AusGrass2  Morphological data where missing  Brush up on links from keys and synonyms  Interactive keys (Intkey and Lucid) to both Genera and Species on Identify Life  Add more images  Newsletter
  • 67. Scratchpad2  Line wrap problem fixed  Maps with colour separation (useful for weed distribution)  Integrated mapping tools - dynamically display point locality data, regional data and shape files as overlays on a Google Map  Over 2012 a number of additional enhancements are planned. These include:  Integrated Single Sign On (SSO), (with author-ID)  Proper Globally Unique Identifiers beyond URL’s  Scratchpad site registry with metadata and visualisations concerning content in all the Scratchpads and author level metrics on content  Rebuild of http://Scratchpads.eu, focusing on content within sites rather than the Scratchpad infrastructure  Identification key building and species database visualisations derived from character data in the matrix editor  Centralised services on controlled vocabularies  Phylogenetic analytical services  Improved training functionality
  • 68. Acknowledgements  Yucely Alfonso and Dan Healy (BRI) for many hours of data input  Kehan Harman and Maria Vorontsova (K) for use and transfer of Grassbase data and RBG Kew, especially Derek Clayton, for the use of this data  Gilberto Ocampo (CAS), Philip Sharpe (Coolum), Hildemar Scholz (B) and Philippe Morat (P) for translating the Delta character set to Spanish, German and French.  Irina Brake (BM) and Isa Vandevelde (Natural Sciences Museum, Belgium) for Scratchpad tutoring.

Editor's Notes

  1. Explain each point