Aroideana43(3&4) le et al. - arisaema menglaense (1)

Le, Ha, Nguyenn, Trinh,Tran, Nguyen and Bains, 2020 Arisaema menglaense...
Arisaema menglaense (Araceae: Arisaemateae)
Newly Recorded For Northern Vietnam
Chi Toan Le, Minh Tam Ha
Department of Botany, Ha Noi Pedagogical University No. 2, 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuan
Hoa, Phuc Yen, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.
Hung Manh Nguyenn, Xuan Thanh Trinh
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, A11–18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam (VAST)
Van Tien Tran
Vietnam National Academy of Public Administration, 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Lang Thaong,
Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Van Du Nguyen*
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, A11–18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam (VAST).
Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam (VAST).
Richard A. Bains
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR.
Scotland, U.K.
*e-mail: vandu178@gmail.com (author for correspondence).
ABSTRACT
Arisaema menglaense, (section Anomala),
previously considered to be restricted to
China, has been discovered in Tay Con Linh
reserve, Ha Giang province, northern
Vietnam. The newly found population
enables amendments and additions to the
published species description. A species key
of the section Anomala, and information of
ecology, habitat, and conservation status of
Arisaema menglaense are provided.
KEY WORDS
Arisaema, Ha Giang, morphology, taxonomy,
conservation, Vietnam.
Aroideana VOL 43 NOS 3&4, 2020 12

INTRODUCTION
With about 200 species (WCSP 2020) the
genus Arisaema Mart. is distributed from
North-East Asia, China to Southeast Asia,
and India, with outlying species in the
Arabian Gulf and east Africa and few in
America and Mexico (Mayo et al. 1997,
Goverts et al. 2002, Gusman & Gusman
2006). Arisaema includes 14 sections
(Gusman & Gusman 2006), in which the
section Anomala Gusman & L. Gusman
(Gusman & Gusman 2002) consists of 24
species, and mainly distributed in southern
China to South East Asia and some in India.
Ma & Li (2017) published a taxonomic
revision of Arisaema in China recognizing
14 sections, allocating 10 species to section
Anomala. Although citing Arisaema
menglaense Y. H. Ji, H. Li & Z. F. Xu, Ma and
Li for Vietnam (Ma & Li 2017: 57, Map.4)
no mention to specific locality and
specimens examined was provided.
During a field trip with botanists from the
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in
October 2019, we undertook an expedition
to Tay Con Linh mountain in Ha Giang
province, Vietnam. During the trip
specimens of an undetermined Arisaema
were collected from the forest floor. The
corresponding author recognized them to
be Arisaema menglaense. This discovery
confirms the presence of A. menglaense in
Vietnam and increases the species of
section Anomala in Vietnam to 12.
Following Gusman (Gusman & Gusman
2002, 2006), section Anomala includes the
following species: Arisaema balansae Engl.
(Gagnepain 1942), A. claviforme P.
Bruggeman, J. Ponert, R. Rybková, T. B.
Vuong (Bruggeman 2013), A. garrettii
Gagnep. (Nguyen 2004), A. langbianense Luu,
Nguyen-phi & H.T.Van (Van et al. 2017), A.
lihengianum J. Murata & S.G. Wu (Hoang et
al. 2015), Arisaema menglaense Y. H. Ji, H. Li
& Z. F. Xu, A. omkoiense Gusman (Nguyen
2007), A. petelotii K. Krause (Gagnepain
1942), A. petiolulatum Hook.f. (Nguyen
2005), A. pingbianense H. Li (Nguyen 2004)),
A. rostratum V.D. Nguyen & P.C. Boyce
(Nguyen & Boyce 2005), A. victoriae V.D.
Nguyen (Nguyen 2000).

Key to species of section Anomala in Vietnam
1a. Spadix appendix much long-exserted from spathe tube, covered by long neuters 2
2a. Spathe with large auricle at spathe tube mouth; appendix neuters greenish 1. A.
balansae
2b. Spathe without auricle at spathe tube mouth; appendix neuters brown or purple 3
3a. Spathe pale greenish with white area at lamina; plant with pseudostem 2. A.
victoreae
3b. Spathe white or very pale green background, purple or red-brown at spathe lamina
apex and margin; plant lacking pseudostem 3. A. lihengianum
1b. Spadix appendix short-exserted from spathe tube, covered by short neuters, occasionally
neuters restricted to the base or the apex 4
4a. Peduncle much longer than petiole, spathe with large auricle 5
5a. Plant without pseudostem; spathe lamina with constriction at base; appendix apex
clavate 4. A. garrettii
5b. Plant with pseudostem; spathe lamina without constriction at base; appendix apex
slightly acute 5. A. langbianense
4b. Peduncle shorter than or equalling petiole, spathe with or without small auricle 6
6a. Appendix with filiform neuters 7
7a. Spathe with white area at lamina base; neuters only on the upper portion of the
appendix 8
7b. Spathe without white area; neuters covering the appendix 9
8a. Plant without pseudostem; stamens without a long connective 6. A.
pingbianense
8b. Plant with pseudostem; stamens with a long connective 7. A. rostratum
9a. Plant without pseudostem; stamens short-stipitate 10
9b. Plant with pseudostem; stamens longer stipitate 8. A. peteplotii
10a. Stamens with long connective 9. A. omkoiense
10b. Stamens without long connective 10. A. menglaense
6b. Appendix almost naked, or with very few tiny neuters at base 11
11a. Appendix cylindrical, slender, blunt at apex 11. A. petiolulatum
11b. Appendix clavate, rather stout, rounded at apex 12. A. claviforme
Arisaema menglaense Y.H. Ji, H. Li &
Z.F. Xu, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 133 (2004); G.
Gusman & L. Gusman Mon. Bot. Nat. Lov.
edit. 2: 85 (2006); Ma & Li, Aroideana 40(3):
60 (2017). Type: China, Yunnan, Mengla
country, Manla village, 101°18´4´´E, 21°59
´7´´N, alt. 1040 m, tropical seasonal rain
forest, 25 Feb. 2003, Li Heng & Ji Yun Heng
50 (holotype KUN; isotypes KUN,
HITBC).

Evergreen rhizomatous plant, 25–40 cm tall.
Rhizome horizontally emergent along
ground, 3–4(5) cm long, 0.8–1.5 cm wide,
outside greenish–whitish, inside blackish-
purplish, leaf scars obvious, distance
between each 3–5(7) mm, rhizome bearing
numerous roots; distal potion shortly
ascending, whitish green, 2.5–3 cm long,
0.7–1.5 cm diam. with leaf scars more
scattered, distance between each 5–10 mm,
more numerous along lower part. Roots
numerous, quite stout, up to 24 cm long,
many-branched. Leaves solitary; petiole 25–
40 cm long, shallowly elongate channeled,
grey-blue-green, somewhat matte, covered
mix up by numerous light brown and
blackish green elongate dashes, more dense
at base portion; sheath portion short, c. 2
cm long; leaf blade trifoliate; middle leaflet
elliptical, 16–22 cm × 6.5–10 cm, base acute
or light obtuse, apex acute to acuminate,
1.5–2 cm long, terminal arista 1–1.5 cm
long; veins prominent on lower surface,
lateral veins in 8–10 pairs, distance between
each 1–3 cm, small veins distant, collective
veins 3–7 mm from margin, stipe 1.3–2.5
cm long; lateral leaflets lanceolate, 10.5–17
× 4.5–8 cm, base obtuse to round, outside
margin more convex than inside margin,
apex acuminate, 2–2.2 cm long, terminal
arista 1 cm long, veins prominent on lower
surface, lateral veins in 5–6 pairs, smaller
veins distant, collective veins 2–4 mm from
margin, stipe 4–7 mm; leaflets medium to
dark green on upper surface, grey-green
beneath. Inflorescence solitary, emerged
from shoot terminal; cataphyll 2, light
brown or light pinkish-brown, covered by
numerous elongate blackish dashes,
encasing up to half of peduncle; peduncle
quite stout or somewhat slender, much
shorter than petiole, 10–30 cm long, 4–6
mm diam., pale green, covered by numerous
blackish dots; spathe tube cylindrical, c. 12.5
cm long, c. 3 cm diam. at mouth, without
auricle; spathe lamina wide elliptic, c. 10 cm
long, c. 9 cm wide, bent horizontally to
angle 90o or bent down to angle nearly 180o,
apex acute, elongate into acuminate. Spadix
male or bisexual; bisexual spadix with
female portion short cylindrical, 2.5 × 10–
11 mm, ovary dense in arrangement, green;
male portion above female portion but not
connected together, flowers scattered, 2.8
cm long, c. 1 cm diam.; appendix green, c.
5.5 cm long, covered by numerous sterile
flowers; sterile flowers filiform, straight,
0.6–2 cm long. Male spadix 13–14 cm long;
fertile portion conical, c. 7 cm long, 1.2 cm
diam. at base, 5–6 mm at apex, male flowers
scattered arrangement, dark brown in color;
appendix 6–7 cm long, covered by sterile
flowers; sterile flowers filiform, straight, 8–
22 mm long, scattered. Ovary sub-obovate,
2 × 1 mm, 1 cell with 5 basic ovules; stigma
punctiform, style conical, 0.2 mm long.
Male flower c. 2 mm wide, grouped 3
stamens on stipe c. 1 mm long; individual
filament obviously, c. 0.3 mm, dark purple
color. Infructescence sub-cylindric, 3.5 ×
1.5 cm, fruits congested, olive green; fruits
barrel-shaped, apex truncate, concave, with
lobed margins. (Figures 1, 2 & 3).

Figure 1. Arisaema menglaense Y.H. Ji, H. Li & Z.F. Xu, A. Plant habit and habitat. B. Plants including
inflorescence. C. Stems and roots showing young inflorescences. (All from type specimens – Photographed
by V.D. Nguyen).

Figure 2. Arisaema menglaense Y.H. Ji, H. Li & Z.F. Xu, A. Under surface of middle leaflet. B. Upper surface
of leaflets. C. Stem crossing section. D. Bisexual spadix. E. Spathe. F. Male spadix. G. Bisexual in close
view. H. Young inflorescences. I. Infructescence. J. Ovary. K. Ovule. L. Male flower. All from type
specimens – Photographed by V.D. Nguyen).

Figure 3. Arisaema menglaense Y.H. Ji, H. Li & Z.F. Xu, A. Habit and inflorescence. B. Spathe. C. Bisexual
spadix. D. Male spadix. E. Ovary. F. Male flower. Scale bar: A = 5 cm; B = 5 cm; C = 5 cm; D = 4 cm; E &
F = 2 mm. Illustrated from type specimens by V.D. Nguyen with assistance from Işık Güner.

Ecology
Subtropical primary evergreen wet and
slight disturbed forest on high mountains,
between 1800–2400 m above sea level.
Phenology
Flowering in November; fruiting in
December–January.
Distribution
China, Yunnan province, Mengla country;
Vietnam, Ha Giang province, Vi Xuyen
district, Cao Bo Commune, Tay Con Linh
reserve.
Habitat
The plant grows on the shaded floor of wet
evergreen forest with Ophiopogon sp.,
Polygonum malaicum, Amomum tsao-ko, Pilea sp.,
ferns such as Lepisorus sp. and Metathelypteris
sp., and Bambusoideae.
Specimens examined
Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr.,
Cao Bo commune, Tay Con Linh Reserve,
22o47’37.3” N, 104o49’25.0”E, at 2470 m
elevation; 18 November, 2019; collectors:
Du, Manh, Toan, Thanh, R. Bains, A.Luck,
D.W. Ritchie, A. Cano & H.C. France
DMTT 79 (HN; E).
Conservation
The species is known in 3 localities from
China, and one Vietnam. In Vietnam
Arisaema menglaense occurs the primary forest
or somewhat in high mountains, where it is
vulnerable to land changes by cardamom
agriculture. Together with many different
plant species under the forest canopy in the
high mountain in Vietnam, the plant is cut
for cardamom agriculture several times per
year. The existence of the species could be
threatened in near future. Based on
criterions of IUCN (IUCN 2020), the
species could be placed at VU A4 B2 C2
level.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is funded by Vietnam
National Foundation for Science and
Technology Development (NAFOSTED)
under grant No. 106.03–2019.322 and from
the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh,
Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust, Royal
Horticultural Society, Eve Bennett Trust for
the expedition collecting plant specimens in
2019 in Ha Giang. The expedition was
conducted under the cooperation program
between IEBR and RBGE. Finally, the
correspondence author would like to thank
the help from Işık Güner for improving
Figure 3.

References
Bruggeman, P., Truong B.V., Rybková, R. &
Ponert, J. 2013. Arisaema claviforme sp.
nov. and a new record of Arisaema
(Araceae) from Vietnam. Nordic
Journal of Botany 31: 556–560.
Gagnepain F. 1942. Arisaema – Aracées.
Floré Géneral de l’Incho-Chine 6(9):
1182–1191. Paris.
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G., Bogner, J., Boos,
J., Boyce, P.C., Cosgriff, B., Croat, T.,
Gonçalves, E., Grayum, M., Hay, A.,
Hetterscheid, W., Landolt, E., Mayo,
S., Murata, J., Nguyen, V.D.,
Sakuragui, C.M., Singh, Y.,
Thompson, S. & Zhu, G. 2002.
Arisaema. World checklist and
Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae).
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
Richmond, pp. 181–218.
Gusman G. & Gusman L. 2002. The genus
Arisaema. A monograph for botanists
and Nature Lovers. A.R. G. Gantner
Verlag K.G. Ruggell, 438 pp.
Gusman G. & Gusman L. 2006. The genus
Arisaema. A monograph for botanists
and Nature Lovers. Second Revised
and Enlarged Edition. A.R. G.
Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell. 474 pp.
Hoang, T.S., Trinh, N.B., Nguyen, Q.H.,
Pham, V.V. & Pham, Q.T. 2015.
Arisaema lihengianum (Araceae): A
newly recorded from Vietnam. Science
Research Reporter 5(2): 97–99.
IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red list of threatened
species, version 2018–1. IUCN Red List
Unit, Cambridge U.K. Available
from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/
(accessed: 03 Jan. 2020).
Ji Y.H., Li H. & Xu Z.F. 2004. Arisaema
menglaense (Araceae), a new species
from southern Yunnan, China. Ann.
Bot. Fennici 41: 133–135 (2004).
Ma Z. & Li H., 2017. The Genus Arisaema
(Araceae: Aroideae: Arisaemateae) in
China – A Taxonomic Revision and
Annotated List of Species. Aroideana
40(3): 49–135.
Mayo, S.J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P.C. 1997.
The genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, Richmond, pp. 278–
279.
Nguyen V.D. & Boyce P.C. 2005. Two new
species of the genus Arisaema
(Araceae) from northern Vietnam.
Folia Malaysiana 6(1 & 2): 35–40.
Nguyen V.D. 2005. Two new species records
of the genus Arisaema (Araceae) for
flora of Vietnam. Proc. Nat. Worksh.
Ecol. Biol. Res. 62–64.

Nguyen, V.D. & Vu, X.P. 2004. One new
species of the genus Arisaema C.
Mart. (Araceae) for flora of Vietnam.
Journal of Biology 26(4A): 54–56.
Nguyen, V.D. 2007. Two new species of the
genus Arisaema Mart. (Araceae)
described for flora of Vietnam.
VNU journal of Science, Natural Science
and Technology 23: 86–90.
Nguyen, V.D. 2017. Arisaema–Araceae. Flora
of Vietnam 16. Science and
Technology Publishing House,
Hanoi, pp. 267–307.
Van, H.T., Nguyen, P.N. & Luu, H.T. 2017.
A new species of Arisaema (Araceae)
from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 277(1): 090–
094.
WCSP. 2020. World Checklist of Selected Plant
Families. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew,
Richmond. Available from:
https://wcsp.science.kew.org/home.d
o (accessed 2 January, 2020).

Aroideana43(3&4) le et al. - arisaema menglaense (1)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Aroideana43(3&4) le et al. - arisaema menglaense (1)

Similar to Aroideana43(3&4) le et al. - arisaema menglaense (1) (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)