2. Submitted by:
Name : Limbachiya Milind
Reg. No. : 3010716024
Sub.: Cr.Prot.8.3 : Bio-control Agencies and Bio-
pesticides
• Submitted to :
• Dr. R.R. Waghunde sir
3. Paecilomyces
• Kingdom : Fungi
• Division : Ascomycota
• Class : Eurotiomycetes
• Order : Eurotiales
• Family : Trichocomaceae
• Genus : paecilomyces
4. Economic importance
• P.lilacinus is a commonly soil saprophyte and a
facultative parasitic fungus attacking sedentary
stages of nematodes.
• Protects the root system against diseases caused
by plant parasitic nematodes.
• Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan filamentous
fungus which inhabits the soil , decaying plants
and food products.
• The colour is initially white, and becomes yellow,
yellow-green, yellow-brown , olive-brown, pink
or violet depending on the species.
5. • This fungus is biological nematicides , which is used to
control nematodes in the soil.
• Nematodes has now become a national pests. Due its
infestation on roots, plant yield is substainitally
reduced. Nematode control by chemical has limited use
therefore, use of Paecilomyces has gaining importance
worldwide.
• It is eco friendly , environment safe and cause no
pollution.
• It is much cheaper than a standard nematicides.
6. • Paecilomyces fumosoroseus also called “yellow
muscardine” is most important natural enemies
of whiteflies worldwide (Nunez et l., 2008)
• Effective over Bemisia and Trialeurodes spp. In
both greenhouse and open field environments.
• Grows extensively over the leaf surface under
humid conditions that helps it to spread rapidly
through whitefly populations ( Wraight et al.,
2000)
• Best for controlling the nymphs of whitefly (Kim
el al., 2002)
• These fungi cover the body of whitefly with
mycelial threads and stick them to the underside
of the leaves.
7. • Paecilomyces liacinus principally infects and
assimillates eg. root-knot and cyst nematodes.
• The nymphs show a “feathery appearance”
(Nunez et al., 2008)
Against
• Trichoplusia ni
• Heliithis Zea
• Bagrada cruciferarum
• Bombyx mori
• Anticarsia gemmatalis
8. Mass production of Paecilomyces
Abstract: The opportunity nematode egg parasitic fungus ,
Paecilomyces lilacinus was mass produced in different media for
evaluation of spore production & formulations. Potato dextrose
broth, Richard’s medium , 10% mdlasses and semi selective
medium was used as culture medium. The semi selective medium
served as control. Highest mycelial weight was found in semi
selective medium (19.82g), followed by 10% molasses medium
(16.85g) . The least mycelial weight was found in PDB
(10.5g).Highest spore load was found in semi selective medium
(32.8 x 107 cfu/g ) followed by 10% molasses medium (28.8 x 107
cfu/g ) . The spore production was least in PDB (10.3 x 107
cfu/g). The mass produced fungus was formulated with different
carrier materials like fly ash , vermiculite, rice hull ash and talc and
the viability of the spores were tested at frequent intervals. The
viability of the fungus lasted for 120 days in talc and fly ash. Rice
hull ash and vermiculite had a viability period of 90 and 75 days
resectively.
9. Introduction: The annual growth rate of synthetic
pesticide is 1-2% as against 10-15%in the case of microbial
pesticides. The synthetic chemical pesticides resulted in
environment pollution leads to the search for antagonists for
pest managements by research worldwide. Nematodes are
one of the important limiting factors in crop production .
The nematophagus fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus has been
identified as an effective biocontrol agent of Meloidgyne
spp. And Globodera spp. Due to high cost of chemical
nematicides and their risk to human beings and environment
, use of biocontrol agents has become renewed interest .
Many authorps reported the multiplication of Paecilomyces
( llyanitidinow, 1992, Meyer et al., 1997 , Vyas et al., 1995)
but they involve high cost in multiplication of the fungus.
Hence , the present study was conducted to study the
various liquid media for multiplication of the fungus
P.lilacinus.
10. Materials & Methods:
Mass multiplication
• 100 ml of the different liquid media viz. PDB (Ranga
swami 1972) , 10% Molasses ,Richard’s medium and semi
selective medium were taken in a 250 ml conical flask.
They were autoclaved at 15 psi for 20 min. Each flask was
inoculated aseptically with 8mm disc of the P.lilacinus ,
maintained on PDA as a pure culutue. The flask were
incubated at room temperature for 30 days. The fungus
inoculated in semi selective medium served as control.
11. Mycelial weight & spore load of fungus
multiplied in different media
Media Mycelial weight in g* Spore load X107 cfu/ml of
medium*
PDB 10.5a 10.3d
Molasses 10% 16.85” 28.8b
Richard’s medium 13.55C 23.2C
Semi selective medium 19.823 32.8a
CD p = (0.05) 2.75 3.89
* Mean of five replications
Means followed by a common letter are not significantly from each other (p=0.05)
according to DMRT
12. • All the treatments were replicated five times. Fungal biomass
was recorded in each treatments . Spore load was enumerated by
serial dilution and planting method on Rose Bengal Agar.
(Martins 1950)
Formulations:
• The culture flasks in the above treatments were used for
formulations with different carrier materials viz. talc, fly ash, rice
hull ash, vermiculite. The mycelial matalong with the broth was
homogenized and mixed with carrier material in the ratio 1:2
(Richard’s 1981). Carboxyl methyle cellulose was added @5g/kg
of the products. The acidity of the medium was neutralized by
adding 20g of the chalk /kg of the products. Then the products
was shade dried to reduced the moisture content to 12% and
packed in opaque polythene bags and stored at room temperature
for further studies. The spore load at the time of packing was
20x10 cfu/g in the products. The formulated products was tested
for the viability by serial dilution and planting at 15 days interval
for 120 days
13. Results & Discussions
• The fungus was found multiplied well in all the media. In
semi selective medium the growth was rapid. The fungus
took about 28-30 days at 28 ± 1°C to cover the entire flask
in all the media. Highest fungal biomass (19.82g) and spore
load ( 32.8 X 107 spore/g ) was observed in semi selective
medium .Molasses 10% medium yielded moderately high
biomass and spore production (16.85 g and 28.8 X 107
spores/g respectively). The least biomass and spores
production were recorded in PDB. Mass production of
P.lilacinus on molasses has certain advantages over other
media. It is cheaply available and there is no quality loss in
the fungus. Calderen et al., 1995 also reported similar
findings. Although semi selective medium gave
significantly high populations , 10% molasses medium was
a cheaper substrate for mass multiplication.
14. • Among the various formulations tested, talc and fly ash
were to be the best. The mass production in various media
has no significant effect on storage. In talc and fly ash , the
spore load to 2X107 cfu/g in 120 days. In vermiculite and
rice hull ash the viability drops down in 90 and 75 days
respectively. As the time proceeds the shelf life of the
products was gradually deteriorated.
