RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf

REPORT ON READY PROGRAMME
IN
TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAJOGI, AUL
(KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA)
By
Tapan Kumar Behera
(Regd. No.:180804130214)
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture)
Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo
Assistant Professor, Agronomy
Centurion
UNIVERSITY
Shaping Lives...
Empowering Communities...
M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture
Centurion University of Technology and Management
Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221
www.cutm.ac.in
December 2021

REPORT ON READY PROGRAMME
IN
TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYAK, AUL
(KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA)
By
Tapan Kumar Behera
(Regd. No.:180804130214)
Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo
Assistant Professor, Agronomy
Centurion
UNIVERSITY
Shaping Lives...
M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture
Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221
www.cutm.ac.in
December 2021

ii
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Mr. Tapan Kumar Behera with the registration number 180804130214 of B. Sc.
(Agriculture) has completed the READY Programme in Tunga Village, Kendrapada
District, Odisha
Guide:
Date:
Faculty, Field Crop Production Faculty, Horticultural Crop Production
Faculty, Agriculture Extension Faculty, Crop Protection
(Plant Pathology & Entomology)
Faculty, Rural Economics Faculty, Krushi Unnat Sahajogi
(Office seal)
Centurion
UNIVERSITY
Shaping Lives...
M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture

iii
Krushi Unnat Sahajogi Certificate

iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ms. Monalisa Sahoo, Assistant
Professor, Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, for her support and
guidance throughout the READY Programme. I am extremely grateful to my host farmer Mr.
Niranjan Behera who gave me the wonderful opportunity to gain practical knowledge and
nuances of agriculture.
I would like to thank RAWEP Coordinator Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dean (Admin) Dr. S.P Nanda,
Dean ( Academic) Dr. Devendra Reeddy Sir for smooth conducting the programme.
I am thankful to the SMS of RAWE Programme, for clarifying doubts and asking searching
questions that are of practical significance in the field.
Signature of the student with date
Tapan Kumar Behera

v
Table of Content
Sl.
no.
Title Page no.
1 Certificate ii
2 Acknowledgement iv
3 List of Tables vi-viii
4 List of Figures ix-xii
5 Agronomy 3-21
6 Horticulture 22-36
7 Entomology 37-50
8 Plant Pathology 51-68
9 Agricultural Extension 69-87
10 Agricultural Economics 88-100
11 KUS Report 101-125

vi
List of Tables
Chapter
Table
No.
Name of Table
Agronomy
1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output
2 Details of calendar of operations of major field crops
3.1 Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha)
4.1
Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per
hectare
5 Details of cropping scheme of current year
6 Weed survey in crop fields
Agronomy Demonstration
Horticulture
1 Information on horticultural crops grown
2 Table Information on problems identified on crops
3 Information on System of irrigation
4 Information on problems identified on irrigation
5 Seed type/ planting materials
6 Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials
7 Information on problems identified on seed treatment
8 Information on Field preparation
9 Information on problem identified on field preparation
11 Information on nutrient management
12 Information on problem identified on nutrients management
13 Information on problems identified on weed control
14 Information on Training and Pruning
15 Information on problems identified on Training and Pruning
16 Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators
17 Information on problems identified on mulching
18 Information on Plant Protection

vii
19 Information on problems identified in Plant Protection
20 Information on Post-harvest management
21 Information on problems identified in post-harvest management
22 Information on problems identified on market situation
23 Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare)
24 Cost of cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha)
25 Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops)
26 Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio
Horticulture Demonstration
Entomology
6 Insect pests observed
7 Damage symptoms observed
8.a Exhibits prepared for information Centre
8.b Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information Centre
I Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder
II
Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf
miner
Plant
Pathology
A Fungal Disease
1
Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and
seeking remedies
2
Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar
disease
3
Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider
only those much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable
crop plants
4
Record of disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Fix the crop area 25
square meter]
5
Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of
disease incidence/damage
6
Seasonal disease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural
crops)
Plant Pathology Demonstration
Agricultural
Extension
10
Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat:(from 01-04-2021 to 01-
11- 20
7 Extra-curricular activities performed by school

viii
C CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY
5 Staffing pattern of the KVK
6
Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists
presently placed
3 Documentation of ITK
A ICT MEASURES
B
UTILISATION PATTERN OF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES
(BY VILLAGERS)
A DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS
B GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Extension Demonstration
List of PRA Tools carried out
Agricultural
Economics
1(a) Classification of families
1(b) Population
1(c) Level of literacy
1(d) Drinking Water Facilities
1(e) Marketing Facilities
1(f) Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records)
1(g) Veterinary Aid available for Livestock
1(h) Land utilization pattern
1(i) Structural distribution of land holdings
1(j) Source of irrigation
1(k) Cropping Pattern (Previous year)
1(l) Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops)
1(m) Availability of agricultural labourers
1(n) Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area
1(o) Subsidiary Enterprises
1(p) Other village institutions

ix
1(q) Transportation means available in the village
1(r) Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village
1(s) Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc
1(t) Availability of agro-inputs
DATA
REGARDING
HOST
FARMER
1 Information of the family members including attached labourers
2(a) Land
2(b) Source of irrigation
2(c) Building
2(d) Livestock status of the farmer
2(e) Organizational participation
2(f) Implements and Machinery
2(g) Household articles
2(h) Annual gross income (Previous year)
2(i) Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year)
2(j) Information about borrowings including old loans (Previous year)
2(k) Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year)

x
List of Figures
Subject
Figure
No.
Topic
Agronomy
1 Model of IFS
2 Model of IFS
3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation
4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer
5 Poster of IFS
6 Leaf folder front side
7 Inner side of leaflet (IFS)
8 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation
9 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2
10 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation
11 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2
12 Poster of Azolla Cultivation
13 Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation)
14 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer ( Azolla)
15 News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper
16 “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection
17 “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection
18 Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z” method
19 Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W” method
20 Poster of Soil Testing
21 Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection)
22 Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection)
23 Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V
24 Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment

xi
25 Seed Treatment with Trichoderma
26 List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer
27 Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients
28 Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer
29 Demonstrating the benefits & application of micronutrients
30 Displaying the Sprayer machine
31 Demonstrating the about sprayer mechanism
32 Demonstrating about the proper Use
33 Displaying the use
34 Distribution of leaflet to the farmers
35 Leaflet of Safety major while spraying
36 List of herbicides demonstrate
37 Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic Herbicide
38 Demonstrating about Selective systemic herbicide@2,4-D
39 Demonstrating about Systemic selective herbicide@ Tag Super
Horticulture
40 Speaking about the Process of Air layering in guava.
41 Removing the upper layer of the plant
42 Inserting the Polythene in the branch
43
Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the Polythene&
threading.
44 After Month Roots Arise
45 Cutting With the help of secateur
46 Cutting With crushed shaped
47 Prepared media with Instruments to be planted in the pot
48 Showing the Roots emergence
49 Planting the layered plant in the pot
50 Poster and layout of kitchen garden

xii
51 Demonstrating about kitchen garden
52 Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raise bed
53 Land Preparation for kitchen garden
54 Adoption of natural straw mulching
55 Emergence of seed in kitchen garden
56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli
57 Field Preparation
58 Demonstrating the purning in mango
59
Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with help of
hedgeshear
60
Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of
secateur
61 Poster of Dragon fruit cultivation
62 Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation
63 Pic of the Instruments
64 Demonstrating about the instruments
65 Demonstrating the instruments
66 Showing them the use of hand hoe
67 Installing blue sticky trap in cabbage field
68 Installation of blue sticky trap
69 Collecting data regarding horticulture
70 Natural Mulching
71 Basal dose of fertilizer application followed by ploughing
72 Making of Ridges for cabbage plantation
73 Ridges making by me
74
Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as basal
dose
75 Preparation of bonds by me
76 Primary tillage operation done

xiii
77 After secondary tillage operation making of ridges by host farmer
78 After secondary tillage operation making of ridges by host farmer
79 Disease &pest incidence in cabbage
80 Observing the pest incidence
Entomology
81 Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee
82 Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major
83 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber
84 Removing brood chamber from the box
85 Opening of Honey bee box
86 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber
87 Demonstrating of rope pulling
88 Rope pulling done
89 List of pesticide shown
90 Demonstrating about different pesticides
91 Demonstrating blue sticky trap
92 Understanding them about the uses
93 Installation of blue sticky trap
94 Distribution of Blue sticky trap
95 Demonstration on solar light trap
96 Understanding them about the benefits
97 Poster of Gandhi bugs
98 Gandhi bugs Poster by farmer
99 Understanding them about Gandhi bugs
100 Poster of Gall midge
101 Understanding them about Gall midge
102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about safety major.

xiv
103 Demonstrating about safety major while spraying
104 Pest incidence observation
105 Pest incidence calculation in another block
106 Identifying the pest attack damage symptoms
107 Disease incidence in brinjal
108 Gandhi bug attack in rice
109 White fly attack in rice
Plant
Pathology
110 Poster of Blast disease of rice
111 Demonstrating blast disease of rice
112 Blast Poster with farmer
113 Demonstrating the effective fungicides
114 Demonstrating about Metalyxil+ mancozeb
115 Poster of Trichoderma
116 Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed treatment
117 Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma
118 Demonstrating about safety major while spraying
119 Distribution of leaflet about safety major prepared by me.
Agricultural
Extension
120 With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga
121 In the gram panchayat office for collection of data
122 With the nayab sarpanch of the GP
123 In FIAC, BAO, Office
124 Data Collecting from AAO Mam.
125 Making of resource Map
126 Village map making
127 Tansact walk Anganwadi Kendra
128 Transact walk @ Mission shakti

xv
129 Transact walk @ Tunga rural park
130 Transact walk@ CPBET High School
131 Social Map making
132 Failure story data collection
133 Visit to KVK
134 Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist
135 In ornamental fish unit with scientists
136 In Bio-fertilizer unit with KVK scientists
137 In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada
138 Dragon fruit in KVK
139 Taking data from BLO @ total voter list
140 Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World Soil day
150 Plantation of Baula tree
151 IFS Model demonstration of IFS
152 Distribution of Leaf folder on IFS
153 Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster presentation
154 Demonstration on light Trap by through demonstration
155 Leaflet distribution on safety major
156 Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model
157 Model of IFS

1
1.Introduction
1.1 Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) Programme
In the perspective of agricultural development, the espousal of practical oriented
educational systems plays a crucial role. As noted, and suggested by various academicians,
ICAR suggested RAWE programme for the final year students of B.Sc. (Agriculture). This
programme helps the students primarily to understand the rural situations, status of
agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize the farmer’s problems and to develop
skills and attitude of working with farm families for overall development in rural area. The
timings for RAWE can be flexible for specific regions to coincide with the main cropping
season.
Under RAWE programme, every student is expected to work with farmers at their farms and
identify various production, protection and marketing constraints, within the vicinity of
Research Station(s) allocated by the University.
1.2 Objectives of RAWE
The objectives of RAWE are:
1. To provide opportunity to the students to understand the life situations in the villages,
rural institutions, socio-economic conditions and constraints faced by the farming
community
2. To get the students familiar with the socio-economic conditions of the farmers and
their problems with reference to agricultural development
3. To impart diagnostic and remedial practical training and skills in crop
production/horticulture/plant protection through work experience
4. To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by
farmers and to prepare alternate farm plans according to the local situation in
consultation with the farmers
5. To help the students to acquaint with on-going thrust on rural development and
programmes related to Transfer of Technology (ToT) in agriculture and allied aspects
6. To develop the communication skills, confidence and competence among the students
to interact with the farmers so as to prepare Project Reports on “Village Development
Plan”.
1.3 Principles of RAWE
The basic principles of RAWE are:
• Grass root level experience
• Participatory learning and serving the society
• Participatory planning and action
1.4 Expected outcome of RAWE
• Grass root level exposure
• Personality development
• Development of communication skills

2
• Inculcation of the skill of community management
• Problem solving ability
• Sensitization on local institutions and field level reality
1.5 Focus Areas
• Crop Production : Agronomy and Horticulture
• Crop Protection : Entomology and Plant Pathology
• Rural area study : Extension Programme
• Rural area study : Rural Economics

3
2. Agronomy
Part-1 (Individual activities)
2.1. Plot wise history of Host Farmers including Cropping Scheme
1. Name of the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera
2. Registration No :180804130214
3. Two major field crops cultivated in the village : 1) Rice
4. Name of the Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera
5. Name the field crops cultivated by host farmer : Rice
If ......No (Refer 5.1 and 5.2)
5.1. Name of another farmer from the village cultivating field crops:
5.2. Name the field crops cultivated:
6. Survey No. - Plot No. 1:Rice
7. Total area under field crops with host farmer (ha.): 3.237 ha (Irrigated/Rainfed)
7.1. Area under crop 1: 3.237 ha, Area irrigated 1.21 ha
7.2. Source of Irrigation: Lift irrigation
8. Soil properties-
8.1. Soil Type : Clay soil
8.2. Soil Texture :
8.3. Soil pH : 5.61
8.4. Soil Organic Carbon (%): 0.66%
8.5. Available nutrients (Kg/ha): N. 0 , P2O5. 3.60 , K2O. 42.60 .
9. Previous Cropping History:
1.1 Kharif : Rice
1.2 Rabi : Black gram
1.3 Zaid : Watermelon
10. Cropping Intensity (%): 175 % & Rotational Intensity (%): .........................
2.2. Cropping Scheme (Previous Year 2020)
Table 2.2.1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output
Plot
No.
Area
(ha)
Crops &
variety
Field
preparation
Manure
&
fertilizer
Irrigation
& Plant
protection
Yield
obtain
(q/ ha)
Value of
Produce
(Rs/ ha)
Cost of
cultivation
(Rs/ ha)
Net
Profit
( Rs/ ha)
1 3.237
Paddy
variety -
swarna
sub-1
Ploughing
,Puddling,
Levelling &
Clearing of
Urea -
600kg
DAP-
700kg
Irrigated
through lift
irrigation
and water
50q/ ha 85,000 35,000/- 50,000/-

4
and
Pooja
bunds ,MOP-
500 kg
channel
Tricyclazol
@0.6 gm
per Lit
2.3. Calendar of operations (Major Field crops):
Table 2.3.1: Details of calendar of operations of major field crops
Name of the
crop
Date & month Name of the operation to be performed
Rice
17th June 2021 Nursery preparation and application of FYM
24th June Nursery Showing
5th July Main field Preparation & Basal dose of Fertilizer application
18th -23rd July Transplantation
04th July Post emergence herbicide application
12th Aug 1st Top dressing of urea
25th Aug
Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Chlorpyriphos 50% +
Cypermethrin 5%
12th Sep Final Top dressing of Urea
26th Sep Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Carbendazim
8th Oct Water drained out
25th
Oct Harvesting
2.4. Cost of cultivation per unit area:
Table 2.4.1: Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha)
Date
Name of
operation
Input Used
F.
Labou
rs
H.
Labo
urs
Total
Labour Costs
( Rs/ ha)
Grand
Total
Name Qty.
Valu
e
M F M F M F M F Machine
17th-
24th
June
Nursery
Preparation
FYM 13 T 800/- 1 - 3 - 4 -
160
0/-
- - 1600/-
Seeds 20Kg
1500/
-
1 - - 2 1 2
400
/-
800
/-
2700/-
05th
July
Ploughing &
Levelling of
fields
- - - 1 - 1 - 2 -
800
/-
- 2400/- 3200/-
12th
July
Puddling - - - 1 - 1 - 2 -
800
/-
- 3000/- 3800/-
Basal Dose
of fertilizer
application
Urea 60kg 353/-
1 - - - 1 -
400
/-
- - 1903/-
DAP 25Kg 600/-
MOP 25Kg 550/-
18th
July
Transplantin
g
- - - 1 -
1
2
14 13 14
520
0/-
560
0/-
- 10,800/-
04th
July
Post
Emergence
Application
of herbicide
2,4-D 3L 900/- 1 - 1 - 2 -
800
/-
- - 1700/-

5
12th
Aug
1st
Top
Dressing
Urea 30Kg 176/- 1 - 1 - 2 -
800
/-
- - 976/-
25th
Aug
Spraying of
Plant
Protection
major
Chlorp
yriphos
50% +
Cyper
methrin
5%
1L 550/-
1 -
-
1 1 1
400
/-
400
/-
2100/-
Carben
dazim
50%
WP
1Kg 300/-
Strept
ocyclin
e
60gm 500/-
12th
Sep
Final Top
Dressing
Urea 30Kg 176/- 1 - - - 1 -
400
/-
- - 576/-
26th
Sep
Spraying of
Plant
Protection
major
Tricycl
azol
60gm 220/- 1 -
-
- 1 -
400
/-
- - 620/-
15th
Oct Harvesting
Combi
ne
Harvest
er
- - 1 - 2 - 3 -
120
0/-
- 4000/- 5200/-
25th
Oct
Post-harvest
Operation
- - - - - 5 - 5 -
200
0/-
- - 2000/-
Daily wage of Male labour : 400 (Rs/ Man day)
Daily wage of Female labour: 400 (Rs/ Man day)
2.5. Estimated Cost of cultivation per ha:
Table 2.5.1 Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per hectare
S.L No. Items Unit
Inputs per Unit
area
Inputs per hectare
Total cost per
(Rs/ha)
1
Hired male
labours
Man days 26 26 10,400/-
2
Hired Female
labours
Man days 17 17 6,800/-
3 Bullocks Hrs - - -
4
Machinery
charges
4.1
Tractor with
Cultivator
Hrs 600/hr 4 hrs 2400/-
4.2
Tractor with
rotavator
Hrs 1000/hr 3 hrs 3000/-
4.3
Combine
Harvester
Hrs 2000/hr 2 hrs 4000/-
5 Seed Kg 75/- Per Kg 20 Kg 1500/-
6 Manure Tonnes 61/ Tonnes 13 Tonnes 800/-
7 Fertilizers
7.1 Urea Kg 5.88/- Per Kg 120 Kg 705/-

6
7.2 DAP Kg 24/- Per Kg 25 Kg 600/-
7.3 MOP Kg 22/- Per Kg 25 Kg 550/-
8 Irrigation Hrs - - -
19. Total cost of cultivation: 42,927/-
20. Yield per ha Grain 50 q/ha Straw 4.5 q/ha
21 Price Grain @ Rs 1950/- per quintal, Straw @ 400 .per quintal.
22 Gross return Rs/ha 99,300/- .
23 Net Profit Rs/ha= 56,373/- .
9
Crop
Protection
9.1
Insecticides
ml/g 1L 1L- 550/-
Chlorpyriphos+
Cypermethrin
9.2
Fungicides
ml/g
1Kg 1Kg 300/-
Carbendazim
Streptocycline 60gm 60gm 500/-
Tricyclazole 60gm 60gm 220/-
9.3
Herbicides
ml/g 3 L 3L 900/-
2,4-D Nomin
Gold
10
Land revenue /
Cess & taxes
Rs 1000/-
11
Depreciations
on implements
& farm
buildings
Rs - - -
12
Expenses on
acquisition on
inputs & misc.
Rs - - -
13
Intrest on
working
Capitals
Per cent - - -
14
Rental value of
land
Rs - - -
15
Family male
labourers
Man days 12 12 4,800 /-
16
Family female
labourers
Man days - - -
17 Total Rs 39,025/-
18
Supervision
charges 10% of
total cost
Rs 39,025/- 10% 3,902/-

7
2.6. Cropping Scheme (Current Year Rice )
Table 2.6.1 Details of cropping scheme of current year
Plot
No-
Area
(Ha)
Crops
&
Varietie
s
Field
Preparation
Manure
&
Fertilizer
Irrigation
& Plant
Protection
Estimate
of yield
obtained
(q/ha)
Value
of
product
(Rs/ha)
Estimated
cost of
cultivation
(Rs/ha)
Net
profit
(Rs/ha)
1 1 ha
Paddy
variety -
swarna
sub-1
and
Pooja
Ploughing
,Puddling,
Levelling &
Clearing of
bunds
Urea -
600kg
DAP-
700kg
,MOP-
500 kg
Irrigated
through
lift
irrigation
and water
channel
Tricyclazo
l @0.6 gm
per Lit
50q/ ha
93,300/
-
42,927/- 56,373
2.7. Survey of weeds in crop fields:
Table 2.7.1 Weed survey in crop fields.
Species
Numbers of weeds
Field 1
Quadrates (1M2
)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Cyperus iria 3 `4 5 2 3 17
Commelina benghalensis 2 3 2 5 4 16
Marsilea quadrifolia 5 3 2 4 5 19
Parthenium hysterophorus 4 3 0 1 0 8
Sub- total 14 13 9 12 12 60
Species
Numbers of weeds
Field 1
Quadrates (1M2
)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Cyperus rotundus 5 3 4 0 6 18
Dactyloctenium aegyptium 6 8 3 5 2 24
Digitaria sanguinalis 3 3 5 1 2 14
Cyperus iria 6 8 3 4 2 23
Sub- total 20 22 15 10 12 79
Species
Numbers of weeds
Field 1
Quadrates (1M2
)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Echinochloa crusgalli 4 3 1 0 1 9
Marsilea quadrifolia 6 3 0 3 5 17
Cyperus rotundus 4 3 5 0 1 13
Sub- total 19 11 9 7 9 55

8
Species
Numbers of weeds
Field 1
Quadrates (1M2
)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Parthenium hysterophorus 4 1 3 2 1 11
Cyperus kyllingia 5 3 2 1 0 11
Digitaria sanguinalis 6 4 2 0 1 13
Paspalum distichum 3 2 5 1 0 11
Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46
Species
Numbers of weeds
Field 1
Quadrates (1M2
)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Paspalum distichum 6 3 2 0 0 11
Cynodon dactylon 7 5 3 1 3 19
Cyperus eragrostis 1 5 2 0 4 12
Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46

9
2.8 Weed Gallery
Abutilon indicum Achyranthes aspera
Acmella uliginosa Alternanthera bettzickiane
Astercanthera longifolia Blumea lacera
Cardiospermum halicacabum Cleomi viscusa

10
Commelina benghalensis Commelina forskaolii
Croton bonplandianum Cynodon dactylon
Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus iria
Cyperus kyllingia Cyperus rotundus

11
Dactyloctenium aegyptium Desmodium triflorum
Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria sanguinalis
Echinochloa crusgalli Eleusine indica
Euphorbia hirta Marselia quardifolia

12
Parthenium hystophorus Paspalum districhum
Phyllanthus niruri Sida acuta
Sporobolus diander Tidex pocumbes

13
2.9 Part -2, Demonstration
SL.
No
Date Name of Demonstration
Method of
Demonstration
No. of
Farmer
Attended
1 18-11-2021
Demonstration on Model of
Integrated farming system
Exhibition 20
2 18-11-2021
Demonstration on Azolla
cultivation
Poster Presentation 20
3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10
4 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Seed treatment
with Trichoderma viride
Field
Demonstration
10
5 23-11-2021
Suggestion use of micronutrients
& Biofertilizer
Field
Demonstration
10
6 23-11-2021
Suggestion on use of sprayer
mechanism
Field
Demonstration
10
7 23-11-2021
Suggestion use of effective
herbicides
Field
Demonstration
10
2.9.1. Integrated Farming System.
Fig-1 Model of IFS Fig-2 Model of IFS
Fig-3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation Fig- 4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer

14
2.9.2 Demonstration on Azolla Cultivation.
Fig-5- Poster of IFS
6- Leaf folder of IFS front page
Fig-7- Leaf folder of IFS Back page
Fig-8- Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation Fig-9 Demomstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2
Fig-11- Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2
Fig-10 -Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation.

15
Fig-12- Poster of Azolla Cultivation
Fig-13- Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation)
Fig- Front page of Leaf folder ( Azolla Cultivation)
Fig-12- Leaflet Distribution
Fig-15- News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper

16
2.9.3. Demonstration on Soil sampling
Fig-16- “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection Fig-17- “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection
Fig-18- Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z”
method
Fig-19- Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W”
method
Fig- Cleaning the upper surface of soil Fig- - V shaped

17
Fig-20- Poster of Soil Testing
Fig-21- Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection)
Fig-22- Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection

18
2.9.4. Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride through display
method
Fig-23- Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V Fig-24- Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment
Fig- 25- Seed Treatment with Trichoderma

19
2.9.5. Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer through display
Fig-26- List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer Fig-27- Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients
Fig-28- Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer 1 Fig-29- Demonstrating the benefits & application of
micronutrients

20
2.9.6. Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanisation through display method
Fig-35- Leaflet of Safety major while Spraying
Fig-31- Demonstrating the about sprayer machanism
Fig-34- Distribution of leaflet to the farmers

21
2.9.7. Suggestion use of effective herbicides through display method
2.9.8. Other Agronomical Works
Fig-36- List of herbicide demonstrate Fig-37- Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic
Herbicide
Fig-38- Demonstrating about Selective systmic
herbicide@2,4-D
Fig-39- Demonstrating about Systemic slelctive herbicide@ Tag
Super
Fig-40-Weed Population survey Fig-40- Soil health card

22
3. Horticulture
1. Name of the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera
2. Name of Host farmer : Niranjan Behera
3. Name of Village & district : Tunga, Kendrapara
4. Major horticultural crops of the village : Brinjal, Tomato, Mango
5. Land type : Upper land ( ) Medium land(✓) Low land( )
6. Total area : 3ha
7. Total area under Hort. Crops (in ha) : 2.5 Acer
8. Soil type : Sandy soil ( ) Sandy loam ( ✓) Soil clay soil( )
9. Crops information : Brinjal, Tomato, Chilli
Table 3.1: Information on horticultural crops grown
Previous season Present Season Next Season
Crop
Duration/
DOP
Crop
Duration/
DOP
Crop
Duration/
DOP
Plot No. 1 Okra June-Aug Brinjal Oct-Feb
DOP- 11-10-2021
Tomato May- Sep
Plot No. 2 Mango
Round the
year
Banana Year round
DOP-09-12-2021
Lemon January
*DOP: date of planting in case of perennial plant *Duration e.g., Sept- Apr
3.2. Table Information on problems identified on crops
Sl. No. Problems Identified
Control measures
followed by farmer
Recommended Suggestion
1 Pest & Disease Outbreak
Chemical Control
measures
To follow IPDM practice and
to grow resistance variety.
2 Low Productivity Nil
Suggest them to apply required
amount of fertilizer according
to soil health card.
Use good quality certified
seed.
3
Crop loss due to
uncertainty of rain.
Nil
Make proper water drainage
system.
Suggest them to cultivate in
raisebed.
4
Anthracnose cause in
chilli due to furrow
irrigation
Chemical control
measures
Suggest the to use drip
irrigation.

23
3.3. Irrigation
• Sources : Pond ( ), River(✓ ), Cannel(✓ ), Bore well( ), Deep well( )
• Irrigation area (in ha): 2.5 Acre
• Non-irrigated area :
Table 3.3.1: Information on System of irrigation
System of
Irrigation
Area
( In ha)
Crop Time of Irrigation Number of Irrigation
Flood Irrigation 0.5 Brinjal
Seed germination
Transplanting
Seedling phase
Vegetative phase
Flowering phase
Maturity phase
15-20
Ridge and Furrow 0.20
Cabbage &
cauliflower
Seed germination
Transplanting
Vegetative phase
Curd development
8-10
Ring Basin 0.32 Mango
Flowering
Fruit set
Fruit development
10-12/year
Check Basin - - - -
Pitcher irrigation - - - -
Sprinklers irrigation - - - -
Drip Irrigation - - - -
Table 3.3.2: Information on problems identified on irrigation
Sl. No. Problem Identified
Farmers' practices to
control
to farmer
1 Uneven monsoon pattern
Water channel & Lift
irrigation
Application of organic matter
to improve the water holding
capacity.
Irrigation can be done in
Critical stages.
Growing of drought
resistance variety.
Installing a low cost borewell
in the field.
To do low-cost rainwater
conservation system.
Note: Mention problem found regarding irrigation in farmers field and recommendation.

24
3.4. Seed or planting materials
Table 3.4.1: Seed type/ planting materials
Sl No. Crop Variety
Seed/ Planting materials
( FS/ CS/ OP/ LOCAL/
Grafted/ Budded/ Cutting/
Tissue Culture etc.)
Source of seed ( Govt.
Farm/ Private shop/
local farmer/ Own seed )
1 Brinjal Pusa kranti CS Private Shop
2 Tomato Chiranjeevi CS Private Shop
Table 3.4.2: Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials
Sl No. Problem Identified
farmers' Practices to
control
Recommended Suggestion to
farmer
1 Wilt in Nursery Application Fungicide
Suggested them to do seed
treatment
2 Attack of ant in the nursery Nil
Application of poison bait
Application of Gammaxene or
chlorpyriphos
3.5. Seed treatment
• Seed treatment adopted: Yes ( ✓ ) No ( )
Note: If yes, mention it elaborately along with dosages
Table 7: Information on problems identified on seed treatment
control
farmer
1
Lack of knowledge about
seed treatment in different
chemicals.
Nil
Take proper training from
Agriculture officer or Experts
2
Lack of knowledge about
bio control agent
Nil
Suggest them to use
Trichoderma viridea
3.6. Field preparation
• Layout and time of planting(month): October
• Summer ploughing (month) : No
Table 3.6.1: Information on Field preparation
System of Planting Crop Spacing Population
Square System Brinjal 75 x 75 cm 3,557
Rectangular System Tomato 45 x 50 cm 8,000
Hexagonal System - - -
Contour farming - - -

25
Table 3.6.2: Information on problem identified on field preparation
control
farmer
1
Improper removal of
debris from soil which can
affect the next season crop.
Nil
Proper removal of plant
debris.
2 High weed Population
They followed hand
weeding.
Suggest them to do summer
ploughing to check the weed
germination.
3.7. Protected Cultivation
• Any protected structure is adopted : Yes ( ) / No ( ✓ )
• Area under protected cultivation (in ha.) : Green house ( ) / poly house( )
• shaded net house ( ) / lath house( ) / polythene tunnel ( )
• Protected cultivation : low cost ( ) / high cost ( )
• Cost of protected structure (Rs.) :
• Subsidy provided by Govt. (Rs.) :
• Crop taken in pc (season wise) :
• Having knowledge on Fertigation : Yes ( ) / No ( )
• Is it profitable??? :
• If its yes mention the sum :
3.8. Nutrient management
• Soil testing is done? : No
If No, then specify the reason :
• Green manuring is practiced? : Yes
If No, then specify the reason :
If yes, the name the green manure crops : Sesbania aculeata
Note: (Specify with Scientific names and local names) Local name- Dhania
Table 3.8.1. Information on nutrient management
Crops
FYM
(q/ha)
Fertilizers(
Urea/
DAP/SSP/
MOP/Other
s)kg
Rate of
Applicatio
n /ha
Time ( ex-25 or
30 DAS/ top
dress/ foliar
Method of
application (
Basal/top
dress/ foliar)
Cost(
Manure=
Fertilizer)
Brinjal 20
Urea-110kg
SSP-313kg
MOP-80kg
100:50:50
Urea- 50Kg
SSP- 50Kkg
MOP- 50kg
Basal
application
Urea-646/-
SSP-7,512/
MOP-1760/
FYM-300/-

26
Tomato 25
Urea-180kg
DAP-100kg
MOP-60kg
75:100:50
Urea- 60kg
SSP- 50kg
MOP- 30kg
Basal
application
Urea-1058/
SSP-2400/
MOP-1760/
FYM-350/-
Table 3.8.2: Information on problem identified on nutrients management
Sl.
No.
Problem Identified farmers' doses to crop
farmer
1 Excess use of fertilizer
In the wish to get more
productivity they do.
Give the proper dose of
fertilizer application.
2
High doses in foliar spray
resulting plant burning.
-
Suggest them to use of proper
dose of fertilizer.
Use knapsnack sprayer.
3.9. Weed control
➢ Weeds known to farmer (Local name) : Dhub ghasa, Lajakulilata, bisalyakarani
➢ Number of manual weeding done : 5
➢ Time of weeding : 15 , 45 DAT
➢ Tools used in weeding (if any local tools) : Handhoe
➢ Weedicides used?
If yes name the weedicides : No
➢ Doses of weedicides : --
➢ Purchased from (Govt./Private) : --
Table 3.9.1: Information on problems identified on weed control
Sl
No.
Problem Identified
Farmers practices to
control weeds
farmer
1
More no of weed
germination.
Traditionally hand
weeding followed.
To follow summer ploughing.
To follow natural or silver
mulching.
Suggested them to do cover
crop as intercropping.
2 High labour cost -
Suggest them to use selective
systemic herbicide.
Table 3.10.1: Information on Training and Pruning
Crop Time of Pruning
Training & Pruning Method
( Name local method if any)
Mango Sep- Oct
Young seedling of 1 M height
with cut given below ring of
buds.

27
Table 3.10.2: Information on problems identified on Training and Pruning
Farmers method following
in pruning
farmer
1
Farmer has no idea
about pruning .
Not adopted
Explained about pruning in
mango and also demonstrate
light pruning as it was alredy in
November.
3.11. Growth Regulator
➢ Having knowledge :No
Table 3.11.1: Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators
Sl No. Problem Identified Recommended Suggestion to farmer
1
Farmer didn’t know about the growth
regulator.
Suggested them to use GA as foliar spray in
tomato in proper doses & demonstrate him.
3.12. Mulching
➢ Adopted : No
Table 3.12.1: Information on problems identified on mulching
control
to farmer
1
No specific idea about
mulching.
Natural straw mulches
Suggested them to use good
quality silver mulching as it
can killed all the pathogen as
well as weed present in soil.
Table 3.13.1: Information on Plant Protection
Crop Insect Disease
Physiological
Disorder
Management (If local
specify any)
Brinjal
Leucinodes
orbonails
Ralstonia
solanacearum
Avoid monocropping Grow
registance var.
H.vigintiooctopunc
tata
Cercospora
molengenae
Pest- Spray quinalphos
@0.05%
Disease- Spraying 1 per cent
Bordeaux mixture
Tomato Liriomyza trifolii
Septoria
lycopersici
Pest- Use neem oil, bacillus
thurigiensis,
Disease- Spary mancozeb
Note: Specify with Scientific names

28
Table 3.13.2: Information on problems identified in Plant Protection
control
farmer
1
Damaged part of the plant
or the diseased plant is not
timely rogued out. As a
result disease spread to
other healthy plants as well
-
Timely remove the damaged
parts and plants.
Practise pruning
2
Unaware about IPDM
practice
-
Proper drainage
Clean cultivation, collection
and burning of disese and dead
leaves
Crop rotation with non-host
crop
Practise soil solarization
Table 3.14.1: Information on Post-harvest management
Crop
Maturity
Indices
Method of
harvesting
Month of
harvesting
Yield (q/
ha)
Packaging
methods
Storage
methods
Processed
product
Tomato
Red
colour
Hand
picking
Decmber 10 tonnes
Netting
bags
On the
floor
Ketchup
Table 3.14.2: Information on problems identified in post-harvest management
control
farmer
1 In storage method On the floor
Suggest them to store in clod
storage.
3.15. Market Situation
• Whether he/she sells own produce in market : No
• Distance of nearby vegetable market : 3 km
• Number of market/weeks : 2 markets per week
• Position of the market : Rural market
• Price of commodities are decided by (Local union/RMC/Govt./ as per the demand in
market or any other reason, specify) : As per demand in the market
• Having knowledge on MSP (Yes/No) : No

29
Table 3.15.1: Information on problems identified on market situation
Crop
name
Difficulties faced by farmer during
Marketing
Recommended Suggestion to farmer based
on their shelf-life
Brinjal Fluctuation in the price. Sale the product when market price is high.
Tomato Found difficulties in transportation To sale in local retailers.
Table 3.16: Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare)
Expenditure Cost (Rs)
1. Inputs (1ha)
A Seed/ Planting materials 5000/-
B FYM 700/-
C fertilizer (Urea, MOP, DAP) 9000/-
D Irrigation (Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/-
E PP Chemicals 600/-
F Weedicides -
G Protected Cultivations -
H Others -
2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 1800/-
3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@300/day 1200/-
4. Labour in irrigation (MD@ Rs.350/day) 700/-
5. Harvesting cost (MD@Rs.350/day) 700/-
6.Miscellaneous
Total Expenditure 20,500/-
*MD = Man days
Total yield = 1600 , Selling @ 35/-
Gross Income Rs/ha
1st
plucking 14,000/-
2nd
plucking 17,500/-
3rd
plucking 24,500/-
Total 56,000/-
Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation
56,000-20,500 = 35,500/-
So, the net profit in Cauliflower cultivation is Rs.35,500 in 1ha of land
B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation
56000/20,500 = 2.8
So, the BC ratio for Brinjal crop is 2.8

30
Table 3.17. Cost of cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha)
Expenditure Cost (Rs)
1. Inputs (1ha)
A Seed/ Planting materials 80000/-
B FYM 700/-
C fertilizer ( Urea, MOP, DAP) 8500/-
D Irrigation ( Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/-
E PP Chemicals 500/-
F Weedicides -
G Protected Cultivations -
H Others -
2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 2000/-
3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@350/day Man 1750/-
4. Labour in irrigation ( MD@ Rs.350/day) Man 600/-
5. Harvesting cost( MD@Rs.350/day) Man 4200/-
6.Miscellaneous
Total Expenditure 99,050/-
MD = Man days (Notify whether man or woman)
Total yield = 8000 kg Selling @ 80 Rs/kg
Gross Income Rs/ha
1st
plucking 80,000/-
2nd
plucking 240,000/-
3rd
plucking 320,000/-
Total 640,000/-
Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation
640,000-99,050 = 5,40,950/-
So, the net profit in tomato cultivation is Rs 5,40,950 in 1ha of land
B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation
5,40,950/99,050= 5.46
So, the BC ratio for Tomato crop is 5.46
Table 3.18: Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops)
Total Area (in ha) under horti. Crops 1 ha
Total Expenditure (Rs.) 20,500/-
Total Income (Rs.) 56,000/-
Total Profit ( Rs.) 35,500/-
Table 3.19: Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio
Sl. No Crop Conclusion
01 Tomato BC ratio is 5.4 which is quite good
02 Brinjal BC ratio is 2.8 which is good

31
3.20 Demonstration
SL
No
Method of
Demonstration
No. of
Farmer
Attended
1 13-11-2021
Demonstration on Air layering in
guava
Field demonstration 05
2 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15
3 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10
4 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Dragon fruit
Cultivation
5 12-02-2021
Demonstration on Showing of
different Horticultural instruments
through display method
Field
Demonstration
10
3.20.1. Demonstration on Air layering in Guava: -
Fig-41-Speaking about the Process of Airlayering in guava Fig-42-Removing the upper layer of the plant
Fig-43-Inserting the Polythene in the bracnch Fig-43-Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the
Polythene & threading.

32
Fig-44- After Month Roots Arise Fig-45-Cutting With the help of secature
Fig-46-Cutting With crushed shaped Fig-47-Prepared media to be planted in the pot
Fig-48- Showing the Roots emergence Fig-49- Planting the layered plant in the pot

33
3.20.2. Demonstration on Kitchen Garden
3.20.3. Demonstration on training
Fig-50- Poster and layout of kitchen garden Fig-51- Demonstrating about kitchen garden
Fig-52- Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raisebed Fig-53- Land Preparation for kitchen garden
Fig-55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden Fig- 55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden
Fig-56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli Fig-57-Field Preparation

34
Pruning through display method
3.20.4. Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation through poster presentation.
Fig-58-Demonstrating the purning in mango Fig- 59-Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with
help of hedgeshear
Fig-60- Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with
the helf of secateur
Fig-60-Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with
the helf of secateur
Fig-61 Poster of dragon fruit Fig-62-Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation

35
3.20.5. Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through
display method: -
3.20.6. Other Horticultural Activities:
Fig-63- Pic of the Instruments Fig-64- Demonstrating about the instruments
Fig-65- Demonstrating about the instruments Fig-66-Showing them the use of hand hoe.
Fig-66- Installation of blue sticky trap. Fig-67- Installation of blue sticky trap.

36
Fig-68- Collection of data regarding horticulture. Fig- 69-Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as
basal dose
Fig-70- After secondary tillage operatipon making of ridges Fig-71-Basal dose of fertilizer application
Fig-72- Disease & pest incidence in cabbage Fig-73-Preparation of bonds by me
Fig-74-Adoption of natural Mulching Fig-75- Primary tillage operation done

37
4. Entomology
I. Name of the host farmer : Niranjan Behera
II. Name of the village : Tunga
III. Name of the crop : Rice
a. Variety : Pooja, Swarna sub-1
b. Area (in ha) : 1 ha
IV. Previous crop sown : Rice
a. Variety : Pooja , Swarna sub-1
b. Area (in ha) : 3.237ha
V. Seed treatment : No
a. Pesticide used : Chloropyriphos 50% EC + Cypermethrin 5%
b. Source(s) : Private shop
c. Dosage : 375 ml
d. Method of treatment : Foliar spray
e. Cost/ha :
4.1 Insect pests observed :
Crop Pest Stage of the
crop
Scientific
Name
Order Family
Rice
Rice
swarming
Caterpillar
Tillering Spodoptera
Mauritia Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Rice Leaf
folder Tillering Cnaphalocrois
medinalis
Coleoptera
Crambidae
Rice hispa Tillering Dicladispa
armigera
Chrysomelida
e
Chrysomelida
e
Tomato Leaf miner Vegetative
Liriomyza
Bryoniae
Diptera Agromyzidae
Cabbage Cabbage semi
looper
4 leaf stage Tircihoplusia
ni
Lepidoptera Noctuidae
Bittergourd Tobacco
caterpiller
Vegetative
stage
Spodoptera
litura Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Brinjal Tobacco
caterpiller
Flowering
stage
Spodoptera
litura Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Mango Mealybug Vegetative
stage
Droscichae
mangiferae Hemipteara Monoplelibidae

38
4.2. Damage symptoms observed:
Crop Pest
Scientific
Name
Nature of
damage
Control measures
adopted
Rice
Rice
swarming
Caterpillar
Spodoptera
mauritia
feeding at night on
the leaves and
defoliates the plants
completely
Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @
2.5litres/ha or quinalphos
25 EC @2.0 litres/ha
Rice Leaf
folder
Cnaphalocrois
medinalis
Leaves fold
longitudinally.
Larva scrape the
green tissue of the
leaves.
In severe cases,
field exhibit
scorched
appearance.
Use rope to dislodge the
larva.
Apply nitrogenous
fertilizer judiciously.
Release Trichogramma
chilonis thrice .
Apply Quinalphos 25EC
@ 2l / ha.
Rice hispa
Dicladispa
armigera
Scraping of the
upper surface of the
leaf blade leaving
only the lower
epidermis as white
streaks parallel to
the midrib.
Spraying of Quinalphos
0.05%
Tomato Leaf miner
Liriomyza
bryoniae
Tunnelling in the
leaves Leaf drop
Spray Dimethoate @
2ml/l water
Cabbage
Cabbage semi
looper
Tircihoplusia
ni
Scrabbing of leaves
initially and
defoliation.
Spray insecticides like
malathion 50EC @ 0.1%
ha.
Bittergourd
Tobacco
caterpiller
Spodoptera
litura
Irregular holes on
leaves initially
and later
skeletonisation
leaving only veins
and petioles.
Pheromone traps @ 15/ ha
to attract male moths
Grow castor along border
and irrigation channel as
trap crop.
Brinjal
Tobacco
caterpiller
Spodoptera
litura
Irregular holes on
leaves initially
and later
skeletonisation
leaving only veins
and petioles.
Pheromone
traps (Pherodin SL) @
15/ ha to attract male
moths
Mango Mealybug
Droscichae
mangiferae
Presence of pinkish
nymphs and adult
mealy bugs on leaf
A Application of 1.5 per cent
chlorpyriphos dust @ 250
g/ tree

39
4.3. Information on exhibits prepared
4.3.1. Exhibits prepared for information Centre
Exhibits
Uses
Name of pests for
which exhibits are
prepared
Response of the
farmers
No. of farmers
visited
Honey bee
Suggested to adopt
a apiculture in their
farm & explained
them the benifts of
honey in maximizing
their yield.
Honeybee
They were
willing to adopt
in the field.
25
Rope
Rope pulling to
dislodge the larva
Rice leaf folder
They had no
knowledge
about this
practice but are
not willing to
adopt it
5
Insecticide
Effective control of
insect pests
All major pests
Willing to use
these chemicals
2
Blue
sticky trap
Effective control of
insect pests
All major pests
Install these in
the fields
2
Light trap
C Physical control of
insects pests
All pests
Installation in
the fields
2
4.3.2 Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information centre
Charts/
Posters
Name of pests for which
charts/posters are
prepared
Response of the
farmers
No. of farmers visited
Chart Gundhi Bug
Good response and
willing to adopt the
use of snails to
control gundhi bug
that we suggested
them.
10
Chart Gall midge
He seemed to get
better idea on the
pest as well as its
management
10
Chart
Safety major while
Spraying insecticides
Good response and
they have got new
idea about
spraying.
10

40
4.4 Survey on (Data to be taken from minimum of 10 farmers and derive the
conclusions)
a. Adoption of recommendation on management practices for insect pests of crops
by host farmer:
Ans-Mostly relay on chemical management . Some use yellow sticky traps
b. Incidence/ occurrence of different insect pests (Specify the insect pests):
Ans- Gall midge & Gandhi bug, leaf folder in rice
c. Precautions being taken by farmers while incorporating management practices
Ans-Some use masks and gloves
d. Any cases of poisoning (humans/ animals) being reported in the area while
incorporating chemicals:
Ans:- Yes , Itching of body
I. Constraints/problems faced by the farmers regarding plant protection operations/
application of pesticides/ availability of pesticides and plant protection
equipment etc. (Minimum of 5 constraints/problems to be identified from the
allocated village):
II. Ans- Non availability of proper pesticide, unaware about biologycal control, Non
availability of power sprayer etc.
III. Critical observations on the plant protection measures adopted by the farmer
a. (reasons for not adopting certain recommended practice/new practices
adopted):
i. The recommended pesticides is not effective against many insects
ii. Expensive chemicals had been recommended
iii. Not interested in biological control as it is time consuming and they
want instant results
IV. Identify Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of farmers (Minimum two to be
identified) in reducing the insect pest damage and describe in detail with
photos:
Ans- Use of cowdung to control root knot nematode
V. a .Awareness about Economic Threshold Levels of the pests: No
VI. Whether any farmer is following: No
VII. Knowledge of farmers about the alternate hosts like presence of weed flora on the
occurrence of pests on crops: No
4.5 Observations to be taken in the field, record of data and analysis:
1. Divide the study area (host farmer’s field) into five blocks.
2. For sampling, twenty-five plants (25 hills in case of rice) should be selected randomly
from each block from the selected surveyed area.
3. The population of different pests should be assessed by visually observing and
counting the infested leaves covering top, middle and bottom canopy and infested
hill/tillers on randomly selected plants.
• Sucking pests: Observe top, middle and bottom portion of the plant and record the
pest population on the leaves and draw the average

41
• Foliage pests: Record the no. of eggs/larvae per plant or damage fruiting bodies
(flowers, pods, capsules, bolls) per plant.
• Beneficial insects: Record the number on observational plant.
( 4.5.1) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder
Block
Rice leaf folder
Total
plants
Damage
Plants
Per cent
Damage
No of
infested
leaves/
plant
Total no. of
leaves/
plant
Per cent
Incidence
1 25 10 40 3 7 42.8
2 25 12 48 2 8 25
3 25 11 44 3 8 37.5
4 25 9 36 2 5 40
5 25 17 28 3 6 50
(4.5.2) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf miner.
No. of infested leaves/plant/tiller/pod
Total No. of leaves/plant/pod assessed
39.06 (Rice Leaf folder), 30.02 (Tomato leaf miner)
Block
Tomato leaf miner
Total
plants
Damage
Plants
Per cent
Damage
No of
infested
leaves/ plant
Total no. of
leaves/ plant
Per cent
Incidence
1 25 10 40 3 15 20
2 25 8 32 4 12 33.3
3 25 7 28 4 16 25
4 25 5 24 3 10 30
5 25 11 44 5 12 41.6
x 100
Pest Incidence % =
=

44
4.6 Pest Damaged Gallery
White fly Guava Tobaco caterpillar in potato
Tobaco caterpillar in bittergourd Tobaco cater pillar in brinjal
Stem borer rice Swarming Caterpillar in rice
Sootymold 2 Rice leaf folder

45
Rice Hispa Red pumpkin beetle in Cucumber
Mealy bug Mango Catterpillar attack in french bean
Leafminor bean Gall midge mango
Gundhi bug attack in rice Hadda beetle in cucumber

46
4.7 Demonstration
4.7.1. Exhibition on Honeybee cultivation
Fig-81- Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee Fig-82- Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major
Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber
Fig-86- Opening of Honey bee box 3
Fig-84-Removing brood chamber from the box
Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber

47
4.7.2 Exhibition on rope pulling in Rice to dislodge the larva.
4.7.3 Use of effective pesticide through display method
Fig-88- Rope pulling done Fig-89- Rope pulling done
Fig-89- List of pesticide shown Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides
Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides 4 Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides

48
4.7.4 Exhibition on Blue Sticky trap: -
4.7.5 Exhibition on Light Trap: -
Fig-91- Demostrating blue sticky trap Fig-92- Understainding them about the usees
Fig-93- Installation of blue sticky trap Fig-94- Distribution of Blue sticky trap
Fig-95- demostration on solar light trap 5 Fig-96- understanding them about the benifts

49
4.7.6 Demonstration through poster presentation
Gandhibug
4.7.7 Gallmidge
4.7.8 Safety major while Spraying insecticides: -
Fig- 97- Poster of gundhi bugs Fig- 99- Understanding them about gundhibugs
Fig- 100-Poster of Gall midge Fig- 101- understnding them about Gall midge
Fig- 102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about about safet
major.
Fig-103-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying.

50
4.8 Other Entomological works.:-
Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap
Fig- 104-Pest incidence observation Fig-105- Pest incidence calculation in another block
Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap

51
5. Plant Pathology
• Identification of diseases in different crops in host farmer’s field or any fields in
village.
• Methods of taking observations in field crops/vegetables/fruit/crops regarding disease
incidence.
• Recording of observations on agronomical/horticultural crops regarding disease
incidence.
• Calculation of disease incidence in related crop.
• Suggestion of control measures to the farmers.
• Collection of twenty disease sample for preparation of disease herbarium at the time
of final report submission.
5.1 Method of taking observations in the field
• Enter into the field of the farmer and divide the field in five blocks.
• From each block select randomly five plants per meter row length for observation
from each block and have the sample of 25 plants/ field.
• Find out any abnormalities in plant like wilting, deformation and a discoloration of
leaf/stem/fruit/pod is present or not.
• Make sure that it occurred due to disease or any nutritional deficiency or pest attack.
• Make sure that which type of disease is it and take the sample to lab, verify it.
5.1.1 Fungal Disease:
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Disease
Example of crop
affected
Identifying characters
Put your, self
captured infected
crop plant
photographs
1
Mildew (Downy
mildew, powdery
mildew)
Cucurbits,
crucifer, maize,
sunflower
White grey, brownish or
purplish growth on the host
surface
2 Rust Maize, sunflower
Red, brown, yellow or black
colour rusty symptom
appears on the leaf and stem
3 Smut Maize
The affected plant converted
to black dusty spore mass. It
infects leaf, stem and roots.

52
4 White blister Crucifer White blister like pustules
5
Necrotic
symptom/spot
Leaf
Tissue become dead at the
point of infection and
generally surrounded by
yellow halo.
6 Streak or stripe Leaf and stem
The stripe appear as
elongated line and initially
yellow in colour later turn
brown
7 Blight
Leaf, blooms and
twigs
Sudden death of leaves, twig
occurs and dead organ
changed to brown or black
8 Damping off
Seedling
generally
affected
Near the soil line the stem
affected with rotten
symptoms and finally whole
shoot system collapse
9 Rot
Fruit, stem and
root
The affected tissue die
decomposed to a great
extent and turn brown
10 Anthracnose
Fruit, pod and
stem
Ulcer like lesion on fruits
and pods
11 Wilt
Whole shoot
system, found in
Solanaceous
plants
A flaccid or drooping
condition of leaves, shoots
or other parts is usually due
to a diseased vascular
system which ultimately
resulted with mortality of
the plant
12 Die-back
Twigs or
branches
A symptoms resulting from
the dying of twigs or
branches from the tip
towards the base.

53
5.1.2 Bacterial disease: Bacterial disease can easily identify (those who are not
showing any
symptoms specifically bacterial wilt) in the field as well as lab condition through Ooze test.
Ooze test – In this technique, stem portion of suspected plant samples cuts obliquely by a fine
knife. Then the cutted stem placed into a test tube (takes half of its volume with sterile
distilled water/normal water) and observed very closely. If small droplet of Ooze or viscous
fluidal material comes out from the cutted stem to the water, then we can say plant sample is
infected with bacterial disease. This is one types of rapid confirmatory test without lab trial.
5.1.3 Viral disease: Yellowing, curling of leaf, stunting of plant etc.
5.1.4 Phytoplasma disease: Little leaf of brinjal, Sesamum phyllody
• Methods of observation will slightly change from crop to crop. However, to get the
correct information enquire from your subject teacher (Pathologist) for recording
observations.
5.2 Schedule on monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking their
remedies
Name of the Student :- Tapan Kumar Behera Date :-
To monitor the crops for disease occurrence, each student should pay constant visit to the
cropped area and look for any unnatural growth and occurrence. Take samples to Department of
Agricultural Entomology, Plant Pathology and Physiology to identify the maladies if noticed or
may be with the teacher Get the remedies and make record.
Exercise
• Document the problems that you have identified and the remedies given by the
experts below in the table.
• Make regular record of observation during the entire course of time and draw
conclusion.
Table 5.2.1 Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking
remedies
Crop Disease
Stage with date of
observation
Remedy given by experts
Rice
Brown Spot
Vegetative stage
Date-04/11/2021
Application of mancozeb and
metalaxil in 1lit of water .
Leaf Blast
Vegetative stage
Date-15/11/2021
Split nitrogen fertilizer
application in two or more
treatments. Excessive use of
fertilizer can increase blast
intensity.
Apply Triazoles

54
False Smut
Early flowering stage
Date-16/11/2021
To grow registance var.
Use Bavistin @ 0.1%
Greengram
Cercospora leaf
spot
Flowering stage
Date-11/12/2021
Spraying carbendazim@0.2%
Greengram
Microphomina
blight
Flowering Stage
Date- 11/12/2021
Bittergourd Powdery Mildew
Vegetative stage
Date- 01/12/2021
Spraying of carbendazim@0.1%
Cowpea Angular leaf spot
4 Leaf satge
Date- 01/12/2021
Conclusion : To reduced disease incidence go for early management.
5.3 Crop Disease Status and Damage in the Field of Host Farmers.
Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera
Name of Village : Tunga
Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera
Name of the Crop : Rice
Variety : Swarna Sub- 1 Area : 1 ha
Date of Sowing : 27th
June 2021
Stage of the Crop : Panicle initiation
Objectives:
❖ To know the status of disease incidence on the cultivated crop.
❖ Students will be able to correlate the present disease incidence status with the ETL
levels of the disease incidence.
❖ On the basis of observation and available ETL level, the control measures to be
adopted by the farmer, it should be suggested by the student to the host farmer.
Table 5.3.1 Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar disease
Block Plant
Total no.
of leaves
present
No. of leaves affected
( Brown Spot)
Percentage of
disease incidence
Top Middle Lower
1
1 12 02 02 01 41.66%
2 15 03 01 06 66.66%
3 08 01 01 04 75%
4 14 06 01 02 64.28%
5 11 04 03 01 72.72%
2
1 16 03 01 03 43.75
2 12 05 02 03 83.33
3 14 04 01 02 50%
4 13 05 03 01 69.23%
5 15 04 03 01 53.33%

55
Similarly, record of observations should be prepared to other types of disease.
Conclusions:
The above observation is done in paddy field for incidence of Blast disease of rice, where
I took 10 block of 1 square meter area. it can be concluded that percentage of disease incidence is
above ETL level.
5.4 Disease incidence:
The formulae used for determining the disease and pest incidence are:
Disease Incidence % =
no. of affected leaf/plant/tiller/pod
Total no. of leaf/plant/pod assessed
x 100
If the percentage of disease incidence is above 50% i.e. near equal to Economic threshold
level (ETL) then control measure is recommended to farmer.
Seasonal Incidence % =
Total no. of leaf affected/hill or plant
Total no. of leaf present/hill or plant
x 100
5.4.1 Crop disease status and damage in the fields of host farmers
Table 5.4.1.1 Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider only those
much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable crop plants
Block Observation
Fruit Disease A [Sigatoka leaf
spot of Banana]
Vegetable disease B [Brinjal
Alternaria leaf spot]
Total
Damage
plants
Percent
Damage
Total
Damage
plants
Percent
Damage
1
1 16 6 37.5% 55 21 38.58%
2 17 5 29.41% 60 29 44.61%
3 23 7 30.43 52 22 42.30%
4 15 5 33.33% 65 29 44.61%
5 19 5 21.05 58 26 44.28%
Total 90 28 31.11 290 120 41.37 %
Average 18 5.6 30.34 58 24 41.39%
2
1 23 8 34.78 58 20 34.58%
2 24 11 52.38 54 25 46.29%
3 27 13 48.18 60 25 41.66%
4 21 11 52.38 51 20 39.21%
5 23 10 43.47 63 25 39.21%
Total 118 53 44.91 51 20 39.21%
Average 23.6 10.6 53.90 57.2 23 401.28%

56
Table 5.4.1.2 Record of disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Leaf blast]
Block Observation/Plants
Total no. of tiller
present per hill
Total no. Of
affected tiller per
hill
Percent Disease
incidence
1
1 11 03 27.27%
2 09 03 33.33%
3 11 04 36.36%
4 08 03 37.5%
5 09 02 22.22%
2
1 13 4 30.76%
2 09 03 33.33%
3 11 04 36.36%
4 13 03 23.07%
5 09 02 22.22%
3
1 09 01 11.11%
2 07 01 14.28%
3 08 03 37.5%
4 08 01 12.5%
5 07 02 28.57%
Percent Disease Incidence = 27.09%
5.5 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease damage.
1. Name of students : Tapan Kumar Behera
2. Name of farmer : Niranjan Behera
3. Name of Crop/Variety: Swarna sub- 1
4. Date of Sowing : 27th
June 2021

57
Table 5.5.1 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease
incidence/damage
Control
measures
Suggested control measures
Adapted/not adopted by the
farmers along with the Reasons
Cultural control
Deep summer ploughing Clean
cultivation field fertile
Yes the farmer has adopted to make the
Field fertile.
Physical control
Exposure of seeds to sunlight and
soaking with water before sowing
Yes the farmer has adopted this for
better germination rate.
Chemical
Seed treatment and spraying of
fungicides
.
Seed treatment with Thiram and Captan
Biological
Release of larval parasitoids to control
vectors causing disease
No, the farmer dint follow this method
as they could not find any source of
their availability and the it is also
difficult to manage them
IDM
Suggested to follow cultural method
first followed by physical,mechanical,
biological and chemical method at last
They are not following as they were
unaware about this.
5.6 Information on IDM to be collected in the form of questionnaire from the host
farmer
Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera
Name of the Farmer : Prasanna Panda
Name of Crop/variety : Rice (Pooja)
Date of Sowing : 27th
June
1. What is IDM ?
Ans- yes
2. Do you know the components of IDM ?
Ans- No
3. Which fungicides/bactericide is purchased by farmer ?
Ans- Carbendazim
4. Who suggested them to use in the crop ?
Ans- Himself only
5. Source of purchase of fungicides/bactericide ?
Ans- Private shop
6. How you decide the quantity of fungicides/bactericide to be purchased ?
Ans- From AAO.
7. How you prepare the solution ?

58
Ans- Mixing with water.
8. Dou you use measuring cylinder, weighing balance for correct measurement of
pesticide ?
Ans-No
9. How you spray the fungicides/bactericides ?
10. Ans- With the help of sprayer.
11. Whether the pesticide is applied alone or in combination ?
Ans- No, alone
12. Whether you know the dose of fungicides/bactericide, do you calculate the dose of
fungicides/bactericide?
Ans- No
13. Time and dose of application of fungicides/bactericide ?
Ans- In the morning.
14. Whether pesticides are applied as preventive or curative measures ?
Ans- N0
15. Do you know the precautionary measures to avoid poisoning ?
Ans- Yes
16. Do you follow other methods of disease control ?
Ans- Before 5-10 years ago.
17. Are the RAEO, extension workers/KVK's are guiding you in disease management ?
Ans- Yes
18. Are the RAEO/Scientists pay visit your village/fields ?
Ans- Yes
19. Do they advise IDM tactics for disease management ?
Ans- Yes
20. Do you follow the advice given on TV/Radio in krishi Darshan regarding IDM ?
Ans- Sometimes.
21. Do you feel any difficulties while performing disease management in the field ?
Ans- Yes

59
Table 5.7 Seasonal disease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural crops)
Date
of
sowing
Name
of
Disease
Damaging
stage of
Disease
Plant
Parts
affected
Status of the disease
(Percent damage) Control
measures
undertaken
Biocontrol
agent, if
anything they
have
applied/you
suggested
Low
<10%
Mediu
m 10-
30%
High
>30%
27th
June
Blast of
rice
Vegetativ
e
Leaves Medium
Tricylazol
@ 6gm/ha
No
Brown
spot of
rice
Vegetativ
e
Leaves Low
Hexaconazo
l@2ml/lit
No
Fruit rot
of
brinjal
Fruiting Fruit High
Carbendazi
m
No
Powdery
mildew in
bittergour
d
Fruiting Leaf High
Carbendazi
m
No
Signature of Students Signature of Teacher

62
5.8 Diesease Gallery
Yellow mosaic virus in mung Fusarium wilt in Bittergourd
Early leaf spot tomato Yellow mv bittergourd
Powdery mildew in bittergourd Microphomina blight blackgram
Sepatorial leaf spot Sheath blight in rice

63
leaf blast of rice Ginger bacterial wilt
False smut of rice Early leaf spot tomato
Colocassia leaf blight of colosaccia Citrus cancer
Cercospora leaf spot of Chilli Cercospora leaf spot Blackgram

64
Brown spot in Rice Black rot cabbage
Angular leaf spot bean Ginger bacterial wilt
Bacterial wilt in Tomato Bacterial leaf streak of Rice
Antharnose of Green gram Bacterial wilt in brinjal

65
5.9 Demonstration
SL
No
Method of
Demonstration
No. of
Farmer
Attended
1 13-11-2021
Demonstration on Blast disease of
rice
2 02-11-2021
Demonstration on Sheath Blight of
rice
3 18-11-2021
Recommendation use on use of
some effective fungicides &
bactericides through display
method.
Field
Demonstration
10
4 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Trichoderma
viride
Field
Demonstration
10
5 12-02-2021
Safety major while Spraying
Fungicides.
Field
Demonstration
10
5.9.1 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice
Fig-110- poster of Blast disease of rice
Fig-111- Demonstrating blast disease of rice Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer

66
5.9.2 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice
Fig-113- Sheath blight Poster with farmer
5.9.3 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through
display method.
Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer
Fig- 113 Lists of Fungicides Fig-114- Farmers with Fungicides .

67
5.9.4 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride
Fig- Demonstrating about the Fungicides Fig-114- Demonstrating about Metalyxil+
mancozeb
Fig- 115- Poster of Trichoderma viride Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed
traetment
Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed
traetment
Fig-117- Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma

68
5.9.5 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides.
Fig-118- Demonstrating about safety major while
spraying
Fig-119-Distributon of leaflet about safety major
prepared by me.
Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while
spraying
Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while
spraying

69
6 . Agricultural Extension
6.1 Making a map of allotted village

70
6.2 Study of Rural Institutions
6.2.1 GRAM PANCHAYAT
1. Name of the Gram Sabha : Tunga Gram sabha
2. Head Officer of Gram Panchayat : Smt Sandhyarani Behera
3. Names of the villages falling under it: 4 Villages
(a) Tunga (b) Nuakula
(c) Baulajodi (d) Endol
4. Population : 7515
5. Number of Voter : 5423
6. Number of members of the Gram Panchayat:
(a) Elected 9 (b) Nominated 4 (c) Total 13
7. Name of the Gram Pradhan : Mr. Narayan Sahoo
8. Name of the Panchayat Secretary : Mr. Natabar Malick
9. Number of meetings held in previous year : 4
10. Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat: (from 01-04-2021 to 01-11- 20
Income Expenditure
Head of sources Amount Head of Expenditure Amount
1. Govt. grant
2. Taxes, rate, and fees
(a) Tax
(i) Revenue/Lagaan
(ii) Animals and vehicles
(iii) Buildings
(b) Water supply rates
(c) Fees
(i) Trade and commerce
(ii) Sale price in market
(iii) Classification of the
animal sold
(iv) Others
3. Education, medical and public health
4. Receipts
(a) Fairs, exhibitions and markets
(b) Rend of buildings and land
(c) Sale amount, premium of
buildings and land
45,25742/- Development Works
By sarpanch
Name of Block: Aul Distance from village: 3 Km
Name of District : Kendrapada Distance from Village: 41Km
Name of MLA : Mr. Pratap Keshari Dev. Name of AAO : Ms. Scucheta Patra

71
6.2.2 VILLAGE SCHOOL
1. Name of the School : C.P.B.E.T High School, Tunga .
2. Name of Village & Gram Panchayat where school is situated : Tunga
3. Name of Head Master :
4. Name of Sikhya Mitra:
5. Number of teachers: Male: 7 Female: 0 Total: 7
6. Facilities available at School: (Select…………..poor/good)
a. Facilities regarding hygiene : Good
b. Facilities regarding medical care : Poor
c. Facilities of game & sports : Good
d. Facilities for adult education : Poor
e. Others ; Good
7. Area under School (m2);
i. Constructed : 4000 M2
ii. Lawn : 2000 M2
iii. Playground : Not available
iv. Others : 2000 M2
VI. Extra-curricular activities performed by school
Activities P. T. Drill Games Sports
Cultural
activities
Creativ
e works
Communi
ty works
Other
s
Yes/No
(response)
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
6.2.2 COPERATIVE SOCIETY
Sl.
No.
Names of Societies
No. of
members
Name of Head Activity
1
Cuttack Central
Cooperative Bank
Limited.
3000
Mr. Tapas Prased
Singh
Encouraging Agriculture and
Allied activities, Self-help
and mutual aid among the
members of the Bank as well
as Primary Agricultural
Coop. Societies those are
affiliated to the Bank.
2 Demal PACS 2350
Mr. Satyaranjan
Mallick
Paddy Procurement.
Gives loan to farmer .
Suggestions for the betterment: - To engage more no of farmer so that farmer community
will encourage for agriculture and allied activities.

72
6.3. Visit to Govt. Offices
6.3.1 KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA
1. Name of the KVK : Krusi Vigyan Kendra , Kendrapada
2. Distance from the head quarter : 3 kms
3. Year of establishment : 1994
4. Name of the project Co-ordinator/ KVK Head/ Sr. Scientist : Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra
5. Staffing pattern of the KVK :
SSH SCIENTISTS P.A F.M ADMIN. TOTAL
Sanc.
Post
01 06 02 01 04
14
Filled
Post
01 04 02 01 04
12
6. Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists presently placed
Sl. No. Subject Scientist(s)
01 Plant Protection Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra
02 Home Science Dr. Namita Mohapatra
03 Agronomy Mr. Tapas Kumar Sahoo
04 Horticulture Mr. Prabhanjan Mishra
05 Soil Science Mr. Pravat Kumar Sahoo
06 Fishery Mr. Manas Ranjan Behera
7. Activities (on campus)
a. Conducting training programme in different discipline.
b. Demonstration on different components like mushroom, vermicompost, IFS,
Activities (off campus)
a. Front line demonstration
b. On farm testing.
c. Field day
d. Field training.
6.3.2 ASSISTANT AGRICULTURE OFFICER’S OFFICE
1. Placed at: Block: Aul Tehsil: Aul Dist.: Kendarapada
2. Distance from the head quarter: 40 kms
3. Year of establishment: 1987
4. Name of the AAO: Ms. Sucheta Patra
5. Collection of data
Total cultivated area : 10228 ha

73
Total irrigated area : 6200 ha
No of farmers in the block : 16000
No of farmers in the village : 300
Marginal :….. Small :…… Medium:……….. Large:……… Total:……
6.4 Documentation of ITK
Sl.
No
Particulars
of name of
practice
Purpose
Method
of
applicati
on
Time of
application
& Dosage
Rationa
le
behind
ITK
Extent of
adoption
(poor/good
)
Constra
ints in
adoptio
n
Opinion
of
farmers
1
Preparation
of a paste
from leaves
of
Prasaruni
tree (local
name)
Digestiv
e
Problem
Drinking
with
applicatio
n of some
water
To digest
undigested
foods
Good
Time
consumi
ng
It
provides
best
result
than
medicin
es
2
Raw
Papaya
Rodenti
cide
1 raw
papaya/
burrow
Sticky
and
damages
the
mouth
of the
Good
Some
rodent
won’t at
all
consum
e papaya
Effectiv
e and
still uses
this
practice.
3
Preparation
of a pest
from leaves
of Neem&
Arakha (
Local
name)
Pesticid
e
Spraying
10ml/ l of
water
It
contains
insectici
dal
property
.
Poor
Time
consumi
ng
Time
consumi
ng and
laboriou
s
6.5 Scenario of agri information by farmers
6.5.1. ICT MEASURES
Sl.
No.
Major Social
media and
Mobile
Reachability (People use)
No.
Percentage against total population of village or tele
density (%)
1 Facebook 2500 33.26%
2 Youtube 2700 35.92%
3 Google 3000 39.92%
4 Linkedin 60 0.79%
5 Twitter 300 3.99%
6 Whatsapp 4000 53.22
7 Blogs 0 0
8 ResearchGate 100 1.33%
9 Mobile 6000 79.84%

74
6.5.2 UTILISATION PATTERN OF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES (BY
VILLAGERS)
Sl.
No
Sources of
Information
Unknown
about
source of
Informatio
n
Respondents known about source of information
Not utilized
source of
Info.
Utilized Source of Info.
Extant of contact per year
f % f %
Occasio
nally (1-
5 times)
Frequen
tly (6-0
times)
More
frequent
ly (>11
times)
Pooled
f %
1 SAUs/ICAR
institutes
- - - - - - - - -
2
KVK 180 60 95 31.6 5 10 10 25 8.3
3
State Agril Dept.s 20 6.6 80 26.6 50 70 80 200 66.6
4 Agril related TV
channel
50 16.6 100 33.3 45 65 50 160 53.3
5 Radio programme
related to agril.
40 13.3 50 16.6 90 50 70 210 70
6 Newspaper/Agril.
Magazines
50 16.6 100 33.3 50 45 55 150 50
7
Input dealers services 20 6.6 45 15 100 60 75 235 78.3
8
Mobile and Internet 20 6.6 30 10 120 75 55 250 83.3
9
Kisan Call Center 45 15 55 18.3 20 60 120 200 66.6
10 Farmers school/
Farmers
Organization
200 66 20 6.6 40 25 15 80 26.6
11 Friends/relatives/neig
hbors etc.
90 30 40 13.3 90 50 30 170 56.6
12 Co-operative
societies
- - 50 16 55 95 100 250 83.3
Avg. (%)

75
6.6 Documentation regarding community participation
6.6.1 DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS
Sl.
No.
Name of SHG
No. of
members
Name of Head
Annual
Budget
Annual Profit (per
person)
1 BABA BILESWARA 20 MINATI BARIK 100000/- 15000/-
2 BABAMANI 10 MANJULATA DAS 80000/- 10000/-
3
BALUNKESWAR
SHG 13 HARBATI SWAIN 120000 18000/-
4 GOPABANDHU SHG 10 PRAVATI BEHERA 100000/- 16000/-
5 GUPTESWAR SHG 12 RUKUMANI DAS 75000/- 12000/-
6.6.2 GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE
Major crops
(Min. 3 crops)
No. of male No. of female Total
Male/ Female
ratio
Rice 400 150 550 8:3
Tomato 250 100 350 5:2
Greengram 350 100 450 6:2
6.7 Documentation of a Success/ Failure Story (Attachment with photo)
An example of overcoming adversity of an Organic cauliflower cultiver named Baina
Barik He came to be aware of the interest of Organic creates and chose to deliver natural
cauliflower in the extended time of 2017. He talked with the AAO and found that there was a
plan through which the Govt. Gave appropriation of 30% for the oraganic production till the
are confirmed as an unadulterated natural producer. He then, at that point, begin with his 1 ha
of land for natural cauliflower. At first he bears some degree of misfortunes and starets losing
trust, however the AAO empowers him and caused him to comprehend about the system of
getting ensured and gave him example of a fruitful natural cultivator in the close by block i.e
Aul . He kept developing and in the time of 2019 he got authentication of natural cultiver.
Presently his produce of natural cauliflower is having popularity and it is sent out to
practically all the closest distict of the state.Now he began developing natural tomato. He is
especially grateful to the AAO for his prosperity.

76
6.8 STUDENTS PARTICIPATION IN RURAL SOCIAL WORK
Name, place, date of the social work: C.P.B.E.T High School.Tunga
Time of task : Afternoon
Purpose of work : To spread awareness among students on world soil day.
Level of contribution : Plantation
Nature of Contribution : Sishu & Baula Tree.
Opinion of villagers regarding contribution: Happy & motivated
No. of villagers (and no. of rural youths) motivated through the work :15
Questionnaire (after translation in local language)
1. Do you have any pond (water body)? Yes/ No : Yes
2. If yes then :
3. Area of pond and no : 600m2
4. Utilization of pond : Fishery
a. Fishery :
b. Irrigation :
c. If fishery, type of fish species : Grasscoper, Rupchandi
5. Production (species wise) : Grasscoper, Rupchandi
6. Net income :80000/-
7. Maintenance of water body :12000/-
8. If irrigation, then area of land irrigated : no
9. Depth of water(in ft.) throughout the year in ponds :10- 15 ft
J- F- M- A- MA- J- JU- A- S- O- N- D
10. Health hazards of women associated with chullah :Yes
11. Role of women in agricultural operation (land preparation to harvesting/ processing):
Harvesting
12. Wage rate for male and female per day : Both male & female 400/-
13. Job availability of men and women throughout the year and wages:
14. Type of diseases generally peoples are suffering from: Viral
15. Causes /sources of diseases :
16. Health /Medical facilities available in the village : No
17. Do you use Kisan Call Centre no. (1800-180-1551) for any assistance ever? Yes/No:
If yes: Yes
18. What type of assistance you have received : Disease management
19. Education standard (in %) : 75%
20. Dropout rates- Boys/ Girls (class-wise dropouts): B-20 G-32

77
21. Reasons of dropouts : Family responsibility
22. Mid-day meal programme is in operation in schools : yes ( Not now due to Covid-19)
If yes: Rice, Egg, Soyabean, Dal
23. What are the reasons of dropout : did not have interest :
24. Pucca house: 260 Kuccha house:20 Mixed house: 20 No shelter (house):0
25. Literacy rate : 75%
26. Sources of income : Agriculture & private business
27. Land holding (in Acre) : 3-4acre
28. Types of land (in Acre) :
a. High :02 acre
b. Medium : 01acre
c. Low : 01Acre
29. Land utilization pattern- Topography wise : 4acre
30. Economic status of the people (in %) :
a. Rich :10%
b. Medium :80%
c. Poor :10%
31. Do you add value of any agricultural produce? Yes /No: No
If yes:
32. Mention the procedure and economics :
33. Is there any SHG (Self-Help Group)? Yes/No : Yes
34. Name(s) of the group(s) : Balaram SHG
35. Whether it is run by- only women / only men / both : women
36. Number of members of the group(s) : 13
37. Do you have the membership? Yes/No : No
38. If yes, mention the detail activities of the group :
39. How SHG helps to empower women (mention in details): In economical sector it
gives more support to & developed women empowerment
40. How much do you get from SHG (in Rs.) :
41. What do you do with your additional earnings from SHG (mention item wise):
42. If you do not have membership (explain reasons) : Not intrested
43. Where is the location of market (name and distance in km.): 3 km
44. Do you always get the remunerative price? Yes /No : No
45. If no, name the crop you didn’t get the remunerative price: Cabbage & Cauliflower
46. Please mention your marketing strategy (in details) :
47. Do you know about any traditional storage system? Yes /No: No
If yes, mention the structure and mechanism (in details):
48. Did you observed any changes in agricultural practices? Yes / No: Yes
If yes what are the changes you observed (in details): Pest control after installings
traps
49. Do you feel climate change has any impact on agriculture? Yes /No: Yes
If yes, mention the perception of changes you observed (in details): Crop losses.
50. What are the mitigation options you adapted? : Not adopted.

79
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools
6.11 List of PRA Tools carried out
S L No Date Name of the PRA Tools
01 11-10-2021 Village map
02 11-10-2021 Resource map
03 11-10-2021 Social map
04 11-10-2021 Daily Activity
05 02-11-2021 Cause Effect Diagram
06 02-11-2021 Wealth ranking
07 02-11-2021 Matrix ranking
08 13-11-2021 Livelihood Analysis
09 13-11-2021 Swot
10 13-11-2021 Transact walk
11 13-11-2021 Timeline
12 13-11-2021 Seasonality analysis
13 13-11-2021 Crop Calener
14 13-11-2021 Mobility map

81
6.9 Agricultural Extension Activities
Fig-125- making of resource Map
Fig-120-With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga Fig-121 In the grampanchyat offoice for collection of data
Fig-122 -With the nayab sarapanch of the GP Fig-123- In FIAC, BAO, Office
Fig-124- Data Collecteing from AAO Mam.
Fig-126- Village map making Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high Scool

82
Fig-128- Transact walk @ Mission shakti Fig-129-Transact walk @ Tunga rural park
Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high csgool Fig-131- Social Map making
Fig-132-Failure story data collection Fig-133- Visit to kvk
Fig-134- Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist

83
Fig-136- In Bio-fertilizer unit with KVK scientists. Fig-137-In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada.
Fig-138- Dragon fruit in KVK Fig-139- Takeing data from BLO @ total voter list
Fig-140- Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World
Soil day

84
PRA Chart Display to Farmer

85
6.10 Demonstration Activity Carried out
SL
No
Method of
Demonstration
No. of
Farmer
Attended
1 18-11-2021
Demonstration on Model of
Integrated farming system
Exhibition 20
2 18-11-2021
Demonstration on Azolla
cultivation
3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10
4 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Seed treatment
with Trichoderma viride
Field
Demonstration
10
5 23-11-2021
Suggestion use of micronutrients
& Biofertilizer
Field
Demonstration
10
6 23-11-2021
Suggestion on use of sprayer
mechanism
Field
Demonstration
10
7 23-11-2021
Suggestion use of effective
herbicides
Field
Demonstration
10
8 13-11-2021
Demonstration on Air layering in
guava
Field demonstration 05
9 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15
10 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10
11 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Dragon fruit
Cultivation
12 12-02-2021
Demonstration on Showing of
different Horticultural instruments
through display method
Field
Demonstration
10
13 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Honeybee
cultivation
Exhibition 10
14 23-11-2021 Rope pulling to dislodge the larva Exhibition 10
15 23-11-2021
Effective Insecticides through
display
Exhibition 10
16 23-11-2021 Effective control of insect pests Exhibition 10
17 23-11-2021 Demonstration on blue sticky trap Exhibition 10
18 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Solar light Trap Exhibition 10
19 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gundhibugs Poster Presentation 10
20 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gallmidge Poster Presentation 10

86
21 23-11-2021
Demonstration on safety
precaution while spraying
insecticide
Leafchart 10
22 13-11-2021
Demonstration on Blast disease of
rice
23 02-11-2021
Demonstration on Sheath Blight of
rice
24 18-11-2021
Recommendation use on use of
some effective fungicides &
bactericides through display
method.
Field
Demonstration
10
25 23-11-2021
Demonstration on Trichoderma
viride
Field
Demonstration
10
26 12-02-2021
Safety major while Spraying
Fungicides.
Field
Demonstration
10
6.12 Demonstration Gallery
Fig-151-IFS Model demonstration of IFS Fig-152- Distribution of Leafolder on IFS
Fig-153-Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster
presentation

87
Fig-154- Demonstration on light Trap by through
demonstration
Fig—155-Leaflet distribution on safety major
Fig-156—Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model Fig-157-Model of IFS

88
7. Agricultural Economics
7.1. Transport, Education and Health Services.
I. Bus Stand : Aul Distance from Village : 3Km
II. Railway Station : No Distance from Village : 0 Km
III. Post Office : Aul
IV. Condition of Road : Good
V. School : C.P.B.E.T High schhol, Tunga
VI. College : Aul College , Aul Distance from Village :5 Km
VII. Primary Health Centre : Aul PHC, Aul
VIII. Private Dispensary : Sadguru laboratory
IX. Aaganbadis/Baalbadis: Anganbadi Kendra , Tunga
7.2. Population (Village Demography)
Table 7.2.1 Classification of families
Sl. No. Occupation No. of Families Percentage
1 Agriculturists 180 45 %
2 Landless farmers/Agri.Labourers 100 25%
3 Village Artisans 7 1.75%
4 Industry/Factory Workers 30 7.5%
5 Self Employed (Business) 12 3 %
6 Teachers 16 4 %
7 Private Sector Employee 20 5 %
8 Other Govt. Sector 35 8.75%
Total 400 100%
Table 7.2.2 Population
Sex Category Literate Illiterate
Total
No.
Total Population
(Percentage)
Male
(i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 126 350 476 31.73%
(ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 180 30 210 14%
(iii) Children 65 15 80 5.33
Female (i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 50 295 345 23%
(ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 75 195 270 18%
(iii) Children 92 27 119 7.93%
Total (Male + Female ) 588 912 1500 100%

89
Table 7.2.3 Level of literacy
Sl. No. Types of Literary
Number Total percentage
Male Female
1 Illiterate 24 8 5.44%
2 Studied up to V 30 12 7.14%
3 Studied up to VIII Class 56 30 14.62%
4 Studied Up to Xth Class 86 40 21.42%
5 Studied up to XIth Class 10 20 5.10%
6 XII Passed 20 34 9.18%
7 Graduates 120 65 31.46%
8 Post Graduates 25 8 5.61%
Total 371 217 100%
Table 7.2.4 Drinking Water Facilities:
Sl. No. Source Number of sources No. of families depending upon sources
1 Well 02 8
2 Tube wells 12 320
3 Pond 04 30
4 Hand pump 06 18
5
Other ( own
borewell)
24 24
Total 48 400
Table 7.2.5 Marketing Facilities
Sl. No. Type
Available within
village
Nearest Place to the
village
Distance in
Km
1 Weekly Haat No Aul, Nial 3 Kms
2 Regulated Market No Aul 3 Kms
3 Daily need/Kirana Yes - -
4 Veg & Fruit stall No Aul, Nial 3 Kms

90
5 Fair price (Ration) shop Yes - -
6 Any other (Food Stall) Yes - _
Table 7.2.6 Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records)
Class Type of livestock Number
A
Draft animal 15
Bullocks 10
He buffaloes 18
Total 43
B
Milch animals 250
Local/Deshi breed cows 65
Crossbred cows 30
Buffaloes 120
Total 465
C
Calves (below 3 years) 25
Local breed cows 30
Crossbred cows 15
Buffaloes 10
Total 80
D Goats/Sheep 100
Poultry 300
E Others (Duck) 100
Table 7.2.7 Veterinary Aid available for Livestock
Sl. No. Particular
Available in village/town
Village At nearby Distance (in Km)
1 Veterinary Dispensary No Aul 3 Kms
2 Artificial Insemination Centre No Aul 3 Kms
3 Dairy Cooperative Society No Kendrapada 35Kms
4 Any Other

91
Table 7.2.8 Land utilization pattern
Sl. No. Particulars Area (in ha)
1 Total geographical area 281 ha
2 Forest area 10.83 ha
3 Grazing and pasture land 3 ha
4 Land put to non-agril use 10 ha
5 Total cultivable area 196 ha
6 Area under rainfed agri. 100 ha
7 Area under irrigation 60 ha
8 Net sown area 160 ha
9 Area sown more than once 102 ha
Table 7.2.9 Structural distribution of land holdings
Sl. No. Farm size (ha)
No. of
Holdings
Total
(in
Percentage)
Area (ha)
Total
(in Percentage)
1 Up to 1.00 25 40.32 % 33 ha 26.82 %
2 1.01-2.00 18 29.03 % 26 ha 21.13 %
3 2.01-4.00 12 19.35 % 36 ha 29.26 %
4 4.01-6.00 06 09.67 % 20 ha 16.26 %
5 6.01-above 01 01.61 % 08 ha 6.50 %
Table 7.2.10 Source of irrigation
Sl. No. Source Number
Area Covered (ha.)
Kharif Rabi Perennial
1 Canal 01 25ha 35 ha -
2 Tube wells - - - -
3 Tanks - - - -
4 Private Lifts - - - -
5
Other ( Lift
Irrigation)
05 35 ha 25ha -
Total 06 60 ha 60 ha -
Table 7.2.11 Cropping Pattern (Previous year)
Season Crop
Rainfed area
(ha.)
Irrigated
Area (ha)
Average Yield (q/ha)
Rainfed Irrigated
Kharif
Rice 90 ha 55 ha 1125 q 1000q
Vegetable
10 ha 5 ha 240 q 200 q
Rabi
Tomato - 5 ha - 250q
Greengram - 5ha - 40q

92
Summer
Bittergourd 5ha 9 ha 600q 800q
Tomato 10 ha 15 ha 400q 900q
Table 7.2.12 Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops)
Name of
Technolo
gy
Crop
Total area
(ha)
Area covered in ha.
Traditional Modern
Area Percentage Area Percentage
Tractor
Rice
Legumes
Cabbage
Tomato
100 ha 40 ha 40 % 60ha 60%
Combine
harvester
Rice 60 ha 20 ha 33.3% 40 ha 66.6 %
Table 7.2.13 Availability of agricultural labourers
Sl. No. Type of Labour Adequate/Inadequate Wages paid (Rs/day)
1 Male Adequate 350
2 Female Adequate 300
3 Bullock pairs - -
Table 7.2.14 Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area
Sl. No.
Agro-based
industry
No. of families
engaged
Number
In the Village Nearby area
1 Rice mill 0 No Pattamundai
2 Daal/Oil mill 0 No Pattamundai
3 Floor mill 0 No Kendrapada
4 Jaggery making 0 No -
5 Others 0 No- 0
Table 7.2.15 Subsidiary Enterprises
Sl. No. Enterprise No. of families engaged
1 Dairy 2
2 Poultry 10
3 Goat/sheet rearing -
4 Piggery -
5 Huller 2

93
Table 7.2.16 Other village institutions
Sl. No. Institute Yes/No
1 Gram Panchayat Yes
2 Mandi No
3 Cooperative Society No
4 Kisan Club No
5 Youth Club Yes
6 Mahila Club No
7 BhajanMandali No
8 Sports Club Yes
9 Others ( Mshan Shakti) Yes
Table 7.2.17 Transportation means available in the village
Sl. No. Type Number
1 Cycles 55
2 Cartload -
3 Motor Cycles 80
4 Car/Jeeps 16
5 Others -
Total number of houses:
a. Electrified : 400
b. Pucca : 350
c. Kachha : 50
d. WBC (Latrine) Facilities : 200
Recreational facilities available in the village:
Items Number
1. Television (B/W) 3
2. Television (Colour) 90
3. Radio 0
4. Cinema 0
5. Nachha Party 0
6. Bhajan Mandali 0
Table 7.2.18 Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village
Sl. No. Machinery/Equipment Number
1 Tractor 12
2 Power Tiller 04
3 Combine 02
4 Mould board plough 01
5 Seed drill 00
6 Thresher 03
7 Sprayer 18
8 Duster 00

94
9 Ridger and leveler 01
10 Sprinkler irrigation sets 00
11 Drip irrigation sets 00
12 Others 00
Table 7.2.19 Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc.
Sl.
No
Type of machinery
Repairs in
Village
Facilities available
at nearby village
Distance from
the village
1 Tractor No Aul 3 kms
2 Electric motor No Aul 3 kms
3 Oil engine No Aul 3 kms
4 Implements No Aul 3 kms
Table 7.2.20 Availability of agro-inputs
Sl. No. Agro-inputs
Available
Distance
In village
At nearest
village
1 Implements No Aul 3 kms
2 Seed No Aul 3 kms
3 Fertilizers No Aul 3 kms
4 Insecticides/Fungicides No Aul 3 kms
5 Herbicides No Aul 3 kms
Credit Institutions in the village
(i) Banks : No
(ii) Cooperative Societies : No
(iii)Others : No
Signature of Village Sarpanch Student’s signature
Remarks and signature of the Guide

95
7.3 DATA REGARDING HOST FARMER
7.3.1 Agro-Economic Survey/ Farm Holding details
Agro-economic or farm holding survey refers to the collection of data, information related
to farm activities through structured questionnaire with the help of a schedule or through below
mentioned proforma containing set of questions related to farm activities. The collection of data
is to be done through personal interviews of the farm owners using the survey schedule or farm
records. The proforma contains details of holding or acreage, crop livestock and other enterprises,
farm implements, machinery, irrigation sources, labour use, capital use including loans, cost of
cultivation details, yield and income sources, etc. This survey is conducted to familiarize the
student with the socio-economic condition of the farmers and farm production activities. Each
student will prepare a brief report on various aspects of survey. The details are as follows.
Name of Village: Tunga Block : Aul District: Kendrapada
Name of the head of the family: Mr. Niranjan Behera
Sex : Male Age (Years): 49 Education: Graduate in Economics
Address: Village: Tunga Post : Aul Ward :11
Mobile No : +916370588720
7.3.2 Information of the family members including attached labours
Table 1 Information of the family members including attached labourers
Sl.
No.
Name Sex Relation Age Education Occupation
1 Niranjan Behera Male Head 49 Graduate Farmer
2 Janaki Behera Female Wife 35 Graduate Homemaker
3 Purnamasyee Behera Female Daughter 23 Graduate Student
4 Monalisha Behera Female Daughter 17 Studying Student
5 Tirthananda Behera Male Son 12 Studying Student
7.3.3 Assets and Liabilities Table
Table 1 Land
Sl.
N
o.
Khasra No.
Irrigated
land (ha)
Rainfed
land (ha)
Soil Type
Present
value (Rs.)
Land
revenue/
Tax
1 62 1 ha 0.40 Clay soil 120/-
2 106 0.5 ha 0.9 ha Clay soil 120/-
Table 2 Source of irrigation
Sl. No. Source Number Area irrigated (ha)
Kharif Rabi Always
1 Well - - - -

96
2 Canal 01 1 ha 1ha -
3 Tank - - - -
4 Other - - - -
Table 3 Building
Sl. No. Category
Type of
Construction
Size
Present value
(Rs.)
1 Residential house Pucca 50 x 45 ft -
2 Farm house - - -
3 Cattle shed kachha 45 x 45 ft -
4 Other - - -
Table 4 Livestock status of the farmer
Sl.
No.
Category Breed
No. of
animals
Present value (Rs.)
1 Draft animal - - -
2 Cows Desi 3 3000/-
3 Buffaloes - - -
4 Goat Desi 8 24000/-
5 Poultry - - -
Table 5 Organizational participation
Sl. No. Organization Member Office Bearer Regular Occasional Never
1 Gram Panchayat No - - ✓ -
2 Zila Panchayat No - - - -
3
Cooperative
Society
YES - ✓ - -
4 Farmers Club No - - - ✓
5 Youth Club No - - ✓ -
6 Mahila Mandal No - - - ✓
7 Other No - - - -
Table 6 Implements and Machinery
Category Items Number
Present Value
(Rs)
A. Implements
Wooden plough - -
Iron plough - -
MB plough - -
Seed drill - -
Harrow - -
Hoes - -
B. Equipments Bullock cart - -
Sprayer 01 2300/-

97
Duster - -
C. Machinery
Tractor - -
Electric Motor 03 20000/-
Oil engine - -
Power Tiller - -
Thresher - -
Reaper - -
Other - -
Table 7 Household articles
Sl. No. Article Number Present value (Rs.)
1 Bicycle 03 15000/-
2 Motorcycle/Scooter 01 100000/-
3 Car - -
4 Television(B/W/C) - -
5 Radio/DVD player - -
6 Refrigerator 01 16000/-
7 Cooler/Fan - -
8 Steel Almirah - -
9 Washing Machine - -
10 Sofa set - -
11 Gobar gas plant - -
Table 8 Annual gross income (Previous year)
Sl. No. Source Amount (Rs.)
1 Crops 150000/-
2 Livestock 20000/-
3 Wages -
Table 9 Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year)
Sl. No. Head Amount (Rs.)
1 Food 85000/-
2 Housing 12000/-
3 Education 5000/-
4 Clothing 20000/-
5 Health 10000/-
6 Travel 5000/-
7 Recreation 3000/-
8 Gift 3000/-
9 Footwares 1500/-
10 Marriage/ other function 5000/-

98
Table 10 Information about borrowings including old loans (Previous year)
Sl.
No.
Source
Amount
Borrowe
d
Purpose/
Date
Rate of
Interest
Repaymen
t
during the
year
Outstanding
(Rs.)
1 Commercial Bank - - - - -
2 Land Dev. Bank - - - - -
3
Cooperative Bank/
Society
29000/-
For
Cultivation
01% - 29000/-
4 Private Lender - - - - -
5 Friends/Relatives - - - - -
Table 11 Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year)
Sl. No. Marketing channels Produce Sold Quantity Sold
1 Village Traders - -
2 Commission agents Rice 40q
3 Cooperative Society - -
4 Whole seller - -
5 Self - -
Student’s signature Remarks and signature of the Guide

99
Cost of Cultivation for Rice Farmers
Inputs Quantity with Units Cost (Rs)
Cost A1
Seed cost 20 Kg Pooja 1250/-
Nursery Preparation
Levelling & Seed showing (2
labours@ 300 per labour)
600/-
Field Preparation
Tractor labour Puddling & levelling
( 4 hrs @ 700/-
2800/-
Transplanting Rs.300/-@ per labour (20 labour) 6000/-
Irrigation 2 irrigation @ Rs.250/ irrigation 6250/-
Organic Fertilizer
FYM I Tonne @800/ tonne with 5
men labour charges @ 250/-
2050/-
Inorganic fertilizer
Urea- 120kg , 5.86 @ per kg 703/-
Dap- 25 kg, @24 per kg 600/-
MOP- 25 kg , 22@ per kg 550/-
Labour @4 Rs.300/ labour 1200/-
Plant Protection
2 hand weeding@ Rs.600/time 1200/-
Insecticide & fungicides Rs. 1500
with@ 2 labour 250/perbabour
2000/-
Harvesting
Combine harvester 1hr per hr 4000/-
Labour -2 300/- per labour
4600/-
Miscellaneous charges 1000/-
Sub Total ( Working capital) 30,803/-
Interest on working Capital @7 % 2156/-
Land Revenue 100/-
Depreciation on Fixed Capital @ 10% 3305/-
Total Cost A1 36,346//-
Rent Paid for Leased in Land -
Total Cost A2 36346+0 36,346/-
Interest on Owned capital assert 1500/-
Total Cost B1 36,346+1500/- 37,846/-
Rental value of owned land 37,846 / 3 12,615/-
Total Cost B2 37,846/- +12,615/- 50461/-
family labour 6 Men 3000/-
Total cost C1 37846/- + 3000/- 50,461/-
Total Cost C2 50461/- +3000/- 53461/-
Total Cost C3 53461/- x 1.10 58,807/-
Yield ( Q/ha) 50q
Output price ( Rs/ q) 2100/
Gross return ( Rs) 150000/-
Net Return ( Rs) 91,193 /-
Return per rupee 2.55/-

100
Price spread of Rice
Particulars Price per Quintal
Transportation 20/-
Tax 97/-
Commission charges 90/-
Mandi fees 70/-
Loading charges 7/-
Unloading charges 5/-
Weighing charges 25/-
Grading Charges 5/-
Cost of bags 90/-
Stitching charges 10/-
Cleaning charges 5/-
Processing charges 150/-
Total Cost 574/-
Marketing Channel
Farmer
Consumers
Regulated Market Commite
Wholeseller
Processer
Retailer
Local
Exporters
Cooperatives
I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E

101
A
REPORT ON KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYOGI (KUS)
PROGRAMME (2020-2021)
IN
BLOCK AGRICULTURE OFFICE
(AUL, KENDRAPADA)
By
TAPAN KUMAR BEHERA
(Regd. No.: 180804130214)
Guide: Ms. Kajal Samantara
Assistant Professor, Genetics & Plant Breeding
Centurion
UNIVERSITY
Shaping Lives...
M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture
Alluri Nagar, R. Sitapur, Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati,
Odisha-761221
www.cutm.ac.in
October 2021

102
1.INTRODUCTION
The Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana)
aims to provide undergraduate students with rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical
experience in real-life situations in agriculture and allied enterprises, and personal interaction
with various stakeholders by keeping them physically present in rural situations. The
programme aims to instil confidence, develop skills, and increase awareness of the farmers'
and community's local field conditions.
On July 25, 2015, the Honourable Prime Minister of India announced the Student
READY programme. The idea is to reorient graduates of agriculture and related fields in
order to ensure and ensure employability, as well as to produce entrepreneurs for emerging
knowledge-intensive agriculture.
The following are the program's three main core principles:-
➢ Education: The students will learn by doing with the farmers in the village and
educate them about the advanced technologies in agriculture and allied fields.
➢ Experience: The students will face the real life situation of a farmer, and gain
experience about the resource availability and their judicious use for enhancing the
production and productivity of entrepreneurs.
➢ Exposure: The student will get better platform to find out the problems in agriculture
by exposing themselves to difficult situations, find out best solution to improve the
livelihood option by preparing action plans and linking with different service sectors
and govt. sponsored scheme.

RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf

Similar to RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf