1. IMPORTANT DISEASEs Of PULSEs In W. B.
There are some common pulses mostly had as cooked foodstuff in
daily life ; eg. gram(chickpea) , pea , green gram(moong) , lentil ,
black gram , and so on ; which are found to be infected with some
serious diseases in our state as follow –
Disease : Wilt
Pathogen : Fusarium oxysporum var. ciceri
Host : Cicer arietinum
Symptom :-
The symptoms are dead seedlings or adult plants usually in patches .
Seedling collapse and lie flat on the ground retaining their dull green
colour , while split open or cut transversely ; brown to black
discolouration of the stem-tissues can be found . All the leaves turn
yellow and light brown to straw coloured .
It is a soil & seed borne disease .
Plant Protection :-
Follow 6yrs. Crop rotation .
Intercropping with Linseed ; i.e. , Gram : Linseed = 2:1
Use tolerant variety .
Seed treatment with either T. viridi (Kesana) @ 4-5g/Kg of seed
OR Sprint[(carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W.S.] @ 2.5g/Lt
& in main field, drenching with either any Cu-molecule @ 4g/Lt.
OR Sprint .
2. Disease : Blight
Pathogen : Ascochyta rabiei
Host : Gram , Field - Pea
Symptom :-
It appears in the form of small water-soaked necrotic spots on foliar
surfaces of almost all branches . They may enlarge rapidly & coalesce
and leaves and buds become blighted if get favourable condition .
10 degree centigrade of nocturnal temperature & 20 degree
centigrade of diurnal temperature and rains accompanied by cloudy
days and excess canopy favour the spread .
Plant Protection :-
Crop rotation .
Deep sowing(15cm. or more than 15)
Intercropping with mustard .
Chemical control same as Wilt .
3. Disease : Rust
Pathogen : Uromyces fabae / U. fabae var. ciceris-arietinii /
U. fabae var. appendiculatus
Host : Field – Pea , Lentil , Chickpea , Moong
Symptom :-
Yellow spots in round or elongated clustures are found on the leaves .
Pustules develop on both surface of the leaf and later turn brown to
almost dark brown .
Plant Protection :-
Spraying with either Moximate[(cymoxanil 8% + mancozeb
64%)W.P.] @ 2.5g/Lt. & Sprint @ 2.5 – 3g/Lt , alternatively OR
Krilaxyl Gold[(metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%)W. P.] @ 2 – 2.5g/Lt.
& Sprint alternatively .
4. Disease : Powdery mildew
Pathogen : Erysiphae polygoni
Host : Field pea , Moong , Black gram
Symptom :-
The symptom is found first on foliar parts & then on another green
parts . Symptom is characterized with white floury patches on either
sides of leaves as well as on the tendrils , pods , shoots , etc . . These
patches originate as minute discoloured specks from which a powdery
mass radiates on all sides . If severe case , large areas of aerial part
may enveloped with floury powdery patches and white may turn into
grayish-white .
Plant Protection :-
Avoid late sowing(planting) .
Plants drenching with either Sulphur 80% @ 3g/Ltr. OR
Myclobutanil 10% @ 0.5g/Ltr. OR Tridemorph 80% @
0.5ml/Ltr.
Soil drenching(around the plant base) with Bayleton
(Triademefon 25%) @ 0.5g/Ltr. or Folicur (Tebuconazole) @
1ml/Ltr. OR Avtar(Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68%) @ 2g/Ltr. .
5. Disease : Yellow mosaic
Pathogen : YMV
Pathogenic Pest(insect-pest) * : W.fly ( Bemisia tabaci )
Host : Green & Black gram
Symptom :-
Infected leaves exhibit prominent alternate yellow & green patches in
mosaic manner . In severe case , foliar surfaces may be quitely
covered with these . Yield is drastically reduced .
Plant Protection :-
To reduce the population of the insect-pest due to carry the virus ;
Spraying with
acetamiprid @ 1g/5Ltr.
OR
Thiomethoxam @ 1g/3Ltr.
OR
Imidacloprid @ 1ml/5Ltr.
OR
Oxydemeton methyl @ 2ml/Ltr
6. IMPORTANT DISEASEs Of OILSEEDs In W. B.
There are some common oilseeds from which edible oil can be derived
which derivatives are used in daily life ; eg. mustard , sunflower,
groundnut(peanut) , sesame , and so on ; which are found to be
infected with some serious diseases in our state as follows –
Disease : White rust
Pathogen : Albugo candida
Host : Mustard(s)
Symptom :-
White or creamy-yellow pustules of various size & shape are found on
leaf surface . Leaves may become thick , fleshy and in rolled due to
hypertrophy . Later on , inflorescence (staghead) of the flowering
leaving stalk are found.
Cool & humid climate during 2nd
. weak of January is peak period for
disease appearance .
Plant Protection :-
Early sowing in the 1st
. fortnight of October
Use tolerant variety .
Destroy infected plant debris .
Seed treatment with either sprint[(carbendazim 25% +
mancozeb 50%)W.S.] OR apron(metalaxyl 35%) @ 6g/Kg of
seed OR M45 @ 3g/Ltr . OR Cu-based molecule @ 4g/Kg of seed
7. Spraying on plants with ridomil/macto [(metalaxyl 8% +
mancozeb 64%)W. P.] @ 2 - 2.5g/Ltr at 50 – 60DAS & repeat
2wks interval .
Disease : Leaf blight
Pathogen : Alternaria brassicae / A. brassicicola
Host : Mustard(s)
Symptom :-
Small brown round necrotic lesions with yellow haloes are found on
leaves . They increase in size and develop brown to black coloured
concentric rings(target board) . In severe case , pods may turn black
and seeds are usually shriveled and similar in size .
Plant Protection :-
Early sowing in first fortnight of October
Seed treatment with sprint[(carbendazim 25% + mancozeb
50%)W. S.] @ 2.5g/Ltr
Spraying on plants with (metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%)W. P. @
2 - 2.5g/Ltr. at 50 – 60DAS followed by(2wks interval)
quintal[(Iprodione 25% + carbendazim 25%)] .
8. Disease : Club root
Pathogen : Plasmodiophora brassicae
Host : Mustard(s)
Symptom :-
The disease first appear at 30DAS and is characterized by *stubted
plant growth along with clubs formation in the roots . Low PH(5.7-6.2)
favours the disease development .
*earliest symptom is found as unthrifty development & flagged leaves
in aerial parts as if it seems to be suffered from lack of water . Later on
formerly stated hypertrophic symptom is found and plants can be
easily uprooted .
Plant Protection :-
Use tolerant variety – Kalyan(WBBN -1) .
If required , soil amendment by 10Q. lime or basic slag/Acre one
month before sowing .
Use of mixture of neem & mahua(1:1) @ 1.5mt/Ha OR T. viridi
as solid soil amendment .
Seed treatment with garlic-clove extracts(5%) @ 50g/Ltr/Ha. .
Restrict the 2nd
. irrigation .
Avoid drainage water to pass from infected field .
9. Disease : Downy mildew
Pathogen : Peronospora parasitica
Host : Mustard(s)
Symptom :-
Brown water-soaked lesions with depressed growth are developed on
the under side of the infected leaves . Later , leaves become pale and
wither .
Plant Protection :-
Same as Rust .
10. Disease : Leaf blight
Pathogen : Alternaria helianthi
Host : Sunflower ( Helianthus annus )
Symptom :-
A destructive foliar disease . It is observed at an earliar stage to late
maturity stage leading to poor stand . The initial symptoms start as
yellow lesions on leaves which later turn brown with serrated edge and
sometimes coalesce killing large area of leafblades.
Plant Protection :-
Use tolerant variety .
Follow crop rotation .
Seed treatment with mixture of kesana ( T. viridi ) @ 5g/Kg of
seed & Nima-II ( P. fluorescence ) @ 10g/Kg of seed OR sprint
OR mixture of Apron (metalaxyl 35%) @ 6g/Ltr & M45 @ 2.5g –
3g/Ltr
OR
Land preparation with Kesana + Nima-II + Enrich
Adhar(compost type nutrition for biofungicidal agent) at
recommended dosage either before sowing or after , if required .
Spraying with (carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W. S. @ 2.5 –
3g/Ltr. & Cu-based molecule @ 4g/Ltr alternately at an interval
of 10-14days in infected fields .
11. Disease : Head rot
Pathogen :
Host : Sunflower
Symptom :-
Irregular water soaked lesions are found in lower portion of thalamus
infected plants . Later , they become larger and turn brown ; soft rot is
noticed downwards 10 – 15cm of the stalk .
Some insect-pests bore into these areas , where at first white cottony ,
growth and later black fungi are noted . ultimately , entire head almost
withers and bend downward .
Plant Protection :-
During heading , spraying with Cu-based molecule @ 4g/Ltr
Spraying together either with (metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%)W.
P. @ 2 – 2.5g/Ltr . & Imidacloprid @ 1ml/5Ltr. OR Zineb @
2.5g/Ltr & Imida OR Propineb @ 2.5g/Ltr. & imida at 50%
flowering stage .
12. Disease : Blight
Pathogen : Phytophthora sesami
Host : Sesame ( Sesamum indicum )
Symptom :-
Water soaked lesions are found on leaves and stems . those may
coalesce and foliar drooping . stem with lesions when attains maturity
turn dark yellow . Affected branches form poorly formed capsules with
shriveled seeds . Infected plants show progressive wilting ending
death.
Disease is noticed from seedling to maturity stage predominantly
during kharif .
Plant Protection :-
Seed treatment with (Carbendazim 25% + Mancozeb 50%)W. S.
@ 3g/Ltr. OR T. viridi @ 5g/Kg of seed
OR
Land preparation with mixture of vermicompost @ 50Kg/Acre &
T. viridi @ 2Kg/A. .
Spraying with (carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W.S. @ 2.5-
3g/Ltr & Cu-based molecule @ 4g/Ltr alternately at 10 – 14days
interval .
13. Disease : Early Leafspot (Tikka)
Pathogen : Cercospora arachidicola
Host : Groundnut ( Arachis hypogea )
Symptom :-
The disease infects the crop about 30DAS .
Infection first appear on leaflets as small chlorotic lesions which
enlarge and become brown to black subcircular lesions on upper
surface where most sporulation occurs.
A light brown shade in found on lower surface .
Lesions are irregular to circular , more larger than late tikka ,
surrounded by bright yellowish halo with dark brown centre .
Besides them , lesions are also noticed on petioles , shoots , stipules
and pegs which are oval to elongated and have distinct margins .
In severe case , lesions coalesce resulting in premature senescence
and shedding of leaflets .
Low tempr. (<25oC) for prolonged period with high rainfall & R.H.
favours the disease development .
Plant Protection :-
Avoid monoculture .
Use tolerant variety – Naveen/Tirupati .
Crop rotation with cereal crop (preferably)
14. Burial and destruction of successive G.nut plants and “ground
keeper” .
Seed treatment with (carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W. S. @
2.5 – 3g/Kg of seed .
Spraying with (carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W.S. @ 2.5 -
3g/Ltr & kavach(Chlorothalonil) @ 2g/Ltr. alternately OR
(metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%)W.P. @ 2 – 2.5g/Ltr &
Chlorothalonil .
Disease : Late Leafspot (Tikka)
Pathogen : Phaeoisariopsis personata
Host : Peanut
Symptom :-
The disease infects the crop at about 60DAS in kharif & 45DAS in
rabi .
Nearly circular and black lesions are found on lower foliar surfaces
where most sporulation occurs .
The lesions are slightly rough .
Fruiting structures are arranged in concentric circles and the
stromatic tufts raised above lesion surface . when the attack is severe ,
several lesions coalesce resulting in premature senescence and
shedding of leaflets .
Besides them , oval to elongated spots are also on petioles , shoots
stipules and pegs .
15. Tempr. (180-30oC) , leaf wetness of 20hrs. and total wetness period
of greater than 160hrs. , a late wet spell in the growing season , Mg-
deficiency and heavy appln. of N & P2O5 based fertilizer favour the
disease .
Plant Protection :-
Same as Early leafspot .
16. Disease : Rust
Pathogen : Puccinia arachidis
Host : Arachis hypogea
Symptom :-
Symptoms first appear on the lower leaf surfaces as circular orange
pustules , which rupture and release masses of reddish-brown spores .
Pustules later may appear on upper leaf surfaces , opposite to those on
lower surfaces only . lesions are formed on all aerial plant parts except
flower .
On stems , pustule are elongate . infected leaves become necrotic and
wither .
Rust usually occurs simultaneously with the disease incidence of
late leafspot . losses may be heavy if crop is infected early alomg with
leaf spots in wet growing seasons . wet weather with tempr of 22o
-25o
C
favours the disease .
Plant Protection :-
Locating late sowing(planting) away from early planting .
Spraying same as leaf spots . In addition with it , Tridemorph @
0.5ml/Ltr .
![IMPORTANT DISEASEs Of PULSEs In W. B.
There are some common pulses mostly had as cooked foodstuff in
daily life ; eg. gram(chickpea) , pea , green gram(moong) , lentil ,
black gram , and so on ; which are found to be infected with some
serious diseases in our state as follow –
Disease : Wilt
Pathogen : Fusarium oxysporum var. ciceri
Host : Cicer arietinum
Symptom :-
The symptoms are dead seedlings or adult plants usually in patches .
Seedling collapse and lie flat on the ground retaining their dull green
colour , while split open or cut transversely ; brown to black
discolouration of the stem-tissues can be found . All the leaves turn
yellow and light brown to straw coloured .
It is a soil & seed borne disease .
Plant Protection :-
Follow 6yrs. Crop rotation .
Intercropping with Linseed ; i.e. , Gram : Linseed = 2:1
Use tolerant variety .
Seed treatment with either T. viridi (Kesana) @ 4-5g/Kg of seed
OR Sprint[(carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50%)W.S.] @ 2.5g/Lt
& in main field, drenching with either any Cu-molecule @ 4g/Lt.
OR Sprint .](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/82d1cb98-741f-42ab-992d-ecf4981d1898-151219192540/85/important-diseases-of-pulses-1-320.jpg)
