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PLANT WEALTH OF SOLAPUR DISTRICT
- 1. PLANT WEALTH OF SOLAPUR DISTRICT DR. S. P. GAIKWD Department of Botany, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur- 413 006 (MS) India.
- 2. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity is crucial for the functioning of all ecosystems which provide us with products and services without which we could not live. The food, fodder, freshwater, fertile soil, pure air, shelter and recreation all have their source in nature and healthy ecosystems. In spite of that species extinction and the degradation of ecosystems are proceeding rapidly and their rate is accelerating. Biodiversity is declining rapidly throughout the World.
- 3. Statistical Account A total of 1441 species including infraspecific taxa belonging to 694 genera and 143 families of flowering plants occur in Solapur district. Out of these, 1046 species and 45 infraspecific taxa are dicotyledonous belonging to 503 genera and 115 families. while 339 species and 11 infraspecific taxa are monocotyledonous belonging to 191 genera and 28 families.
- 4. Table 3: Showing ten dominant families in the order of dominance. Sl. No. Families Number of taxa Sl. No. Families Number of taxa 1. Poaceae 157 6. Mimosaceae 40 2. Fabaceae 126 7. Acanthaceae 38 3. Asteraceae 85 8. Convolvulaceae 37 4. Euphorbiaceae 61 9. Malvaceae 35 5. Cyperaceae 46 10. Solanaceae 32
- 5. Table 5: List of top twenty genera represented by higher number of species in the flora of Solapur district. Sl. No. Genus Number of taxa Sl. No. Genus Number of taxa 1. Acacia 25 11. Hibiscus 10 2. Euphorbia 23 12. Vigna 10 3. Cyperus 22 13. Leucas 09 4. Crotalaria 19 14. Corchorus 08 5. Ipomoea 19 15. Blumea 08 6. Cassia 18 16. Phyllanthus 08 7. Alysicarpus 14 17. Commelina 08 8. Indigofera 13 18. Desmodium 07 9. Ficus 13 19. Jasminum 07 10. Fimbristylis 12 20. Heliotropium 07
- 6. The ratio of indigenous woody (341 taxa) to herbaceous (637 taxa) components is 1:1.87 and that of monocots (244 indigenous taxa) to dicots (733 indigenous taxa) is 1:3.004. The floristic spectrum of the district shows very low percentage of phanerophytes and a very high percentage of therophytes. It clearly reveals the drier climatic conditions together with other biological influence (Figure 2). Life form Number of species Percentage (%) Herbs 637 65.13 Shrubs 115 11.75 Twiners & Climbers 101 10.32 Trees 125 12.78 Table 6: Showing analysis of life forms of indigenous taxa.
- 7. VEGETATION The climate of the region, supports the vegetation that can be conveniently divided into 1. Tropical dry deciduous forests. 2. Thorny forests 3. Vast tracts of grasslands.
- 8. Economic important plants A variety of plants are cultivated in this district for multifarious uses such as food, fodder, condiments, spices, oil seeds, fruits, vegetables, timber etc. Cereals: The important cereal crops that are grown in the district include Oryza sativa (Bhat, Rice), Panicum miliaceum (Ran wari), Sorghum spp. (Jowar), Triticum aestivum (Gahu) and Zea maize (Maka). Pluses: Arachis hypogaea (Bhui moog), Cajanus cajan (Tur), Cicer arietinum (Harbhara), Glycine max (Soya bean), Pisum sativum var. arvense (Watana), Pisum sativum var. sativum (Matar), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Chaudhari), Vigna aconitifolia (Math), Vigna dalzeniana (Moog), Vigna mungo (Udid), Vigna radiata (Udid), and Vigna vexillata (Chawali) are the chief pulses that are grown in Solapur district.
- 9. Oil seeds: A few crops are grown for seeds which yield non-essential, edible or non-edible oils. They include Arachis hypogaea (Bhui moog), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Brassica campestris (Mohari), Brassica juncea (Mohari), Brassica nigra (Mohari), Carthamus tinctorius (Kardi) and others. Vegetables: A large number of plant species are grown as vegetables. Some of these include Abelmoschus esculentus (Bhendi), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Lal bhendi), Canavalia gladiata (Phatadi), Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Gawar), Lablab purpureus (Wal, Papdi), Phaseolus vulgaris (Shrawan ghewda), Benincasa hispida (Kohola), Citrullus fistulosus (Kharbuj), Citrullus lanatus (Kalingad) and others. Fruits: Annona reticulata (Sitaphal), Citrus aurantifolia (Limbu), Ziziphus mauritiana (Bor), Vitis vinifera (Draksha), Mangifera indica (Amba), Psidium guayava (Peru), Punica granatum (Dalimb), Musa paradisiaca (Keli) are commonly planted for their fruits.
- 10. Medicinal plants About 264 plant species of medicinal values have been recorded from the district. Some of them are Abrus precatorius, Acacia chundra, Aloe vera, Anogeissus latifolia, Aristolochia indica, Asparagus racemosus var. javanica, Hygrophila longifolia, Bacopa monnieri, Barleria prionitis, Hemidesmus indicus, Ipomoea turpethum, Tinospora cordifolia, Tylophora indica, Vetiveria zizanioides and many others.
- 11. In the present floristic work, the commonly cultivated species are also included in addition to indigenous ones. The proportion of indigenous taxa (978) to the cultivated ones (460) is 1.35: 0.5. This high proportion of cultivated species cannot be neglected as it forms the major component of urban flora in particular. Figure 4. Proportion of indigenous to cultivated taxa. 68% 32% Indigenous Cultivated
- 12. Miliusa tomentosa Argemone ochroleuca
- 13. Cadaba linearifolia Capparis divaricata
- 14. Abutilon hirtum var. hirtum Hibiscus sabdariffa
- 15. Helicteres isora Kavalama urens
- 16. Grewia tenax Fagonia indica
- 17. Celastrus paniculatus Mansonia senegalensis
- 18. Erythrina variegata Mucuna pruriens
- 19. Corallocarpus epigaeus Cucumis prophetarumCtenolepis garcinii Kedrostis foetidissima Momordica cymbalaria Momordica dioica Solena amplexicaulis Trichosanthes cucumerina
- 20. Acacia farnesiana Acacia eburnea Acacia senegal Acacia polycantha
- 21. GRASSES