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Abstract book ishp 2014 (1st international symposium on the himalayas of pakistan) ph ol
- 1. December 31, 2014 ISSN: 1827-8620 ~ 2014 - vol.3 - Supplementary Issue ~ First International Symposium on The Himalayas of Pakistan: Resources and Conservation Issues Abstract Book 27-30 November, 2014 Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4
- 2. - 3 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Editors Habib Ahmad, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Abdul Majid © SILAE 2014 www.silae.it
- 3. - 4 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 SILAE: The Scientific and Cultural Network @t www.silae.it Pharmacologyonline is an International Journal Online @t http://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/front
- 4. - 5 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 5. - 6 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Preamble Habib Ahmad 19 Introduction to Mountain Ecosystems with Reference to Pakistan Shujaul MulK Khan 21 Endemic Plant Diversity of High Altitudes and Strategies for their Conservation - A Case Study from Aydin Mountains in Turkey Münir ÖZTÜRK,Ali ÇELİK 23 An overview of the Biodiversity Resources of Turkey Tijen Demiral, Mehmet Hamurcu 24 Vegetation cover change in Manglot Wildlife Park, Pakistan: example of Landsat data application in detectingland cover, land use change in HKH region Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ayaz Khan 25 An Overview of Ustilaginales in Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests of Pakistan Aamna Ishaq, Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan,Abdul Nasir Khalid 26 Wıld Edıble Fruıts of Dıstrıct Tor Ghar, Western Hımalayas of Pakıstan Abbas Hussaın Shah, Azhar Mehmood, Shujaul Mulk Khan,Azhar Hussaın Shah, Habıb Ahmad 27 First record of Leucocoprinus cretaceous from man-made forest Changa Manga, Punjab, Pakistan Abdul Rehman Niazi,MaryamAnees 28 Conservation of Biodiversity through Information Technology Abdur Rashid, Fawad Alam 29
- 6. - 7 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Rhizospheric Microflora of Pakhal (Mansehra) and its Potential Use as Biofertilizer for Vegetables Aftab Afzal,Alia, Shahida Nasreen Khokhar 30 Evaluatıons of Locally Collected Germplasm of Common Bean (P. Vulgarıs. L) for Varıabılıty in Morphologıcal and Yıeld Characters in the Swat Valley Ahmad Alı, Habıb Ahmad, SherAslam Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan, FayyazAhmad, Naushad Alı, Izhar Hussaın, Mehnaz Saleem,Attaullah, Salar Khan 31 Study on Soybean (Glycene Max L. Merrıll) Germplasm for the Evaluatıon of Quantıtatıve Traıts in the Swat Valley Ahmad Alı, Habıb Ahmad, SherAslam Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan,Naushad Alı, Ehsanullah Khan, Muhammad Lıaqat, Muhammad Saeed, Izhar Hussaın, Salar Khan 32 Varietal Response to Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) and its Associated Natural Enemies in Potato Crop. Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Isma Khurshid, Asad Ali, Mukhtar Alam 33 Child Labour in Pakistan and its Realization for Education for All (EFA) Akhtar Iqbal 34 Changes in the Distribution Pattern of Species in the Astore Valley,Gilgit-Baltistan Ali Noor 35 Pteridophytes of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir: Diversity and Future Conservation Challenges Alia Gul, Jan Alam, Habib Ahmad 36 Mistletoes of Himalayan foothills in Rawalpindi district and their host range Amir Sultan, Syed Waqar Shah, Zafeer Saqib,Mahrine Rashid 37 The spread of Dengue virus from Southern to Northern Pakıstan Amjad Alı, Habıb Ahmad, Ijaz Alı, Mounır G. Abouhaıder 38
- 7. - 8 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Forest Cover Change in Tehsil Barawal, District Dir (Upper), Pakistan Anwar Sajjad, Adnan, Ahmad Hussain,Shagufta Bibi 39 Prospects of Tourism along the Silk Route: Living Treasure of Himalayas Asif Khan 40 Phylogenetıc Study of selected Mentha Specıes Ayaz Khan, Habib Ahmad, Altaf Hussaın, Khushi Muhammad,Muhammad Shahıd Nadeem, Waqar Ahmad, Sundas Sıddıque 41 Floristic Diversity of Family Poaceae in District Torghar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Azhar Mehmood, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Azhar Hussain Shah, Abbas Hussain Shah, Habib Ahmad 42 Presence of TbLCV in Tobacco Crop Grown in Mansehra Aziz-ud-Din, Bushra Mubarak, Shahid Hameed, Habib Ahmad 43 Impact Assessment of edaphic and topographic variables on plant species composition of the Peochar Valley District Swat Pakistan; A step towards Ecological Modeling of the Hindu Kush Forests Aziz Ur Rahman, Ahmad Hussain,Shujaul Mulk Khan, Muhammad Imran, Zahidullah Hamayun Shaheen 44 Isolation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Natural Products from Artemisia and their biological activity BakhtiarMuhammad, Raza Shah, Fazal Rahim, Fahad Khan, Ishtiaq 45 Floristic Composition and Biological Spectrum of Village Palangzai, Miran Shah, North Waziristan Dilawar Jan, Zahir Muhammad 46 Taxonomic survey of Odonata (Damselflies and Dragonflies) Fauna of Upper Swat Fazlullah, Muhammad Saeed, Ahmad Zia 47
- 8. - 9 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Allelopathic Effects of Different Weed Extracts on the Germination and Growth of Oryza Sativa L. Farooq Ahmad, Rabia Illyas, Rabia Mubarak 48 Molecular screening of Pakistani wheat germplasm for leaf rust resistance Farmanullah, Inamullah, Habib Ahmad, M.Sajjad Iqbal, Shabana Aziz, Hayat Khan, Sobia Mahreen, Israr Ahmad, Ikram Muhammad 49 Guli Bagh: The Last Capital of Turk Rulers at Pakhli and Its Monuments (their problem of conservation) Mansehra, Pakistan Fazal Muhammad, Shakirullah 50 The traditional uses of the plants in wound-healing were rationalized on the basis of their antioxidant capacity Fozia bibi, Habib Ahmad, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi, Shujaul Mulk, Sadia Tabassum 51 Ethnobotanical Studies of Wild Edible Plants of the Lesser Hinalayas, Pakistan Ghulam Mujtaba Shah,Arshad Mahmood Abbasi, Manzoor Hussain, Habib Ahmed, Muhammad zafar, Shujaul Mulk Khan 52 Ethnobotanical Study of some Flowering Plants in Laspure Vally, District Chitral – Pakistan Ghulam Qadir, Jan Alam, Habib Ahmad 53 Medicinal flora and conservation issues of plant resources of Kumrat Valley, Dir Kohistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan Gul Jan, Habib Ahmad, Rafi Ullah Khan 54 Identıfıcatıon of Fragrance Gene in some elıte advance Lınes of Rıce Cultıvated in Foothılls of the Himalayas Hamıd Alı, Fıda Muhammad Abbası, Habıb Ahmad, Abzar, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Abıd Khan, Hıdayat Ullah 55
- 9. - 10 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Dısturbed Regeneratıon Patterns and Underlyıng Factors in Subtropıcal and Moıst Temperate Forests of Kashmır Hımalayas Hamayun Shaheen, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Zahidullah 56 The Ethnobotany of Sarban Hills Abbottabad, Pakistan with certain Folk Recipes Farhana Ijaz, Zafar Iqbal*, Jan Alam, Inayat Ur Rahman, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Shafiul Manan 57 Iron Weed (Vernonıa anthelmıntıca) As a Renewable Oıl Seed Cropin Pakıstan Ishtıaq Ahmad, Habıb Ahmad, Shujaul Mulk Khan 58 Medicinal plants biodiversity usedfor Diabetes in District Kotli of Himalayan Range, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Iram Akhlaq, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana, Ghulam Yaseen 59 Reassessment of Mentha Species from Kunhar River Catchment using Morphological and Molecular Markers Israr Ahmad, Habıb Ahmad, Sajıdulghafoor, Inam Ullah,Ajmal Iqbal, Shah Hussaın 60 Mosses of Kashmir Himalaya: Diversity, Conservation Status and Future Challenges Jan Alam, Abdul Majid, Mazhar-ul-Islam, Kifayat Ullah, Habib Ahmad 61 Biochemical Profiling of Eucalyptus melanophloia L. Javid Iqbal, Shamyla Nawazish, Iram Saba 62 Traditional uses of some Phenorogames of Molkhow Valley- District Chitral Kifayatullah, Jan Alam, Habib Ahamd, Haidar Ali 63 New RAPD-PCR Markers to Identıfy Rust Resıstant and Susceptıble Genotypes of Sugarcane Khushı Muhammad, Habıb Ahmad, Muhammad Shahıd Nadeem, Anıqa Nosheen, Waqar Ahmad, Hına Gul, Javed Iqbal 64
- 10. - 11 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Effect of War on Terror on the Bıodıversıty and Vegetatıon Structure of SouthWazırıstan Agency (A Case Study of Plant Conservatıon) Lal Badshah 65 Russula sıchuanensıs (Russulaceae; Agarıcales) and its Ectomycorrhıza from Western Hımalaya, Pakıstan M. Saba, A.N. Khalid 66 A Checklist of Epipetric Mosses of Kaghan Valley, Mansehra District Mazhar-ul-Islam, Jan Alam,Muhammad Fayaz,Shujaul Mulk Khan 67 Analysis of Mineral Constituents of some Wild Mushrooms Collected from Different Areas of Pakistan Mehmoona Jan,Abdul Nasir Khalid 68 Isolation of Phytotoxic Metabolites from a Plant Pathogenic Fungus Muhammad Akbar, Arshad Javaid, Ejaz Ahmed 69 History & Development of Tourism in the Pak - Himalayas Region Mohammad Alam 70 Calvatıa lılacına Henn. (Gasteromycetes; Basıdıomycota) and dıstrıbutıon pattern of Known calvatıa Spp. from Pakıstan Muhammad Fiaz, Noushin Yousaf, Abdul Nasir Khalid, Habib Ahmad 71 Community based conservation of forest: A critical review of policies and practices Muhammad Haneef 72 Vegetation Analysis of the of the Kot Manzaray Baba Mountains, of Hindu Raj Series Muhammad Iqbal, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Muhammad Imra 73
- 11. - 12 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Identification of Pear (Pyrus) Genetics Resources belonging to Northern Pakistan through 18s rRNA Mohammad Islam, Habib Ahmad,Shahid Nadeem, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan 74 Intra and inter specific profiling of Pakistani Quercus species growing in the hilly areas of District Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mohammad Nisar, Syed Fazal Wadood, Sohail Anwar, Noor Muhammad, Ahmad Sher,Ajmal Iqbal, Uzma Ahmad 75 Effect of Maleic Hydrazide on Enhancing the Flowering Time in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Muhammad Sajid, Noorul Amin, Habib Ahmad, Fida Muhammad Abbasi 76 Haplotypic Diversity of Y- chromosome STR loci in major ethnic groups from Hazara region Muhammad Tariq, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Muhammad Ilyas, Numan Fazal, SherazKhan, Murad Ali, Sahib Gul 77 Morphological study and Optimization of DNA Isolation Protocol of Dragonflies(Anisoptera: Odonata) in District Swat, KP, Pakistan Muhsin Ali, Sardar Azhar Mehmood 78 Diversity of Microalgae in the Himalayas of Pakistan Muhammad Zakariya,Anwar Hussain 79 Vegetation Profiling of the Mount Eelum District Swat through Multivariate Analyses Khan, Muhammad Imran, Azizur Rahman 80 DNA Barcoding: A method for quality assurance of medicinal plants Nadia Batool Zahra, Zabta Khan Shinwari 81 Rust fungi of Himalayas of Pakistan: An overview N. S. Afshan, A.N. Khalid,A. R. Niazi 82
- 12. - 13 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Mitochondrial DNA Mutations associated Genetic diseases among the Himalayan Populations Nasir Ali, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Nazia Akbar, Khushi Muhammad 83 Species Distribution along Ecological Gradientsin Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of Foot Himalayan Hills of Pakistan Naveed Alam, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Zahidullah Shazia Mushtaq, Kashmala Syed 84 Variations in 14 Non-Metric Dental traits of different Ethnic Groups of Hazara Region Nazia Akbar, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Inam Ullah, Haq Nawaz, Majeed Ul Haq, Muhammad Zeeshan, Brian Hemphill 85 The behaviour of genomes and alien chromatin in wild and hybrid Triticeae Niaz Ali, Habib Ahmad, Robert Graybosch, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Trude Schwarzacher 86 Gasteroid Fungal Resources of Western Himalayas - An Overview NousheenYousaf, Abdul Nasir Khalid 87 Florıstıc Bıodıversıty and Ethnobotanıcal Study of the Bagrote Valley Central Karakoram Natıonal Park of Gılgıt Dıstrıct, Gılgıt-Baltıstan, Pakıstan Qamar Abbas, Sher Wali Khan, Surayya Khatoon, Syed Arif Hussain, Syed Najamul Hassan, Azhar Hussain, Shamsher Ali, Rehmatullah Qureshi 88 Parthenium hysterophorus phytoremediation potential: Identification and expression of GR and PLD genes Rafiq Ahmad, Zara Tehsin, SabazAli Khan, Muhammad Shahzad 90 Potential of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Advanced Lines for Yield and Yield Attributes under different Planting dates in the Peshawar Valley Rihad Ali, Abdul Basir,Mukhtar Alam, Adnan Tahir, Muhammad Ishaq, Khilwat Afridi, Gulzar Ahmad 91
- 13. - 14 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Studies on Air Pollen Spora of Abbottabad City, KP, Pakistan S. Aziz, M.Afzal, M.Hussain 92 Antimytotic activity of Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. flowers extract against some fungi Sadaf bibi,Muhammad Afzal, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Abdul Majid 93 STR Polymorphism in major Ethnic Groups of Hazara Region of Pakistan Sadia Tabassum, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Farooq Sabar 94 Evaluation of the Conservation Status of Rhododendron collettianum Aitch.& Hemsl.: An Endangered Species of Pakistan Said Muhammad, Jan Alam, Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Majid, Habib Ahmad 95 Genetic Analysis of some Threatened Peacocks found in Himalayan region of Pakistan Sanaa Farman, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Khushi Muhammad,Muhammad Azhar, Mehr Rehman, Tehniat Mumtaz, Ayesha Saleem 96 Diversity of Dragonflies dwellers of the upper Siren valley in Mansehra Sardar Azhar Mehmood, Mian Syed, Syed Ahmad Zia, Athar Rafi, Habib Ahmad, Shabir Ahmed Shahid Nadeem 97 Samplıng Blood From Bırds: A Technıque and an and an assessment of itseffect Sardar Azhar Mehmood, Habib Ahmad,Shabir Ahmad and Shahid Nadeem 98 Characterization of drought resistant genesin tomato Sabaz Ali Khan, Muhammad Ayaz, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad 99 Morpho-Palynological Studies of Certain Plants Belonging to the Genus Solanumfrom the Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan Sadaf Kayani, MushtaqAhmad, Mir Ajab Khan, Manzoor Hussain, Muhammad Zafar 100
- 14. - 15 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Analysıs of some selected Pestıcıdes in the Vegetables of Sıran Valley Salma Shad, Nadia Bashir, Qurat Ul Ain Jadoon 101 Current status of Berberis vulgaris root bark based on inventory design in Usheri Dara, Dir Upper. Sarir Ahmad, Ahmad Hussain, Sadaf Siddiqe, Majid Hussain, Sanaullah, Zahoorul Haq 102 Growth and Yield attributes of Lentil Crop influenced by different Nutrients Treatment Shafiul Manan, Aftab Afzal, Zafar Iqbal, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Inayat Ur Rahman, Farhana Ijaz, Sohail 103 Taxonomic Study of Puccinia of Hindu Kush of Malakand Region Shah Hussain, Habib Ahmad, Najam-ul-Sahar Afshan 104 Guava Wilt in the Area of District Malakand, KP, Pakistan Shah Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Habib Ahmad, Sohail, InayatUr Rahman, Mazharul Islam 105 Comparative Analysis of Toxic Metals(Pb2+ And Cd2+) In Road Sides Dust and Dust Deposited 15m away along Motorway (M-3) and National Highway (N-5), Pakistan Shamyla Nawazish, Aamir Muhammad, Muhammad Yasin Ashraf, Muhammad Javid Iqbal, A J Alhassan 106 Plant Communities and Vegetation Ecosystem Services in the Naran Valley,Western Himalaya Shujaul Mulk Khan, Muhammad Imran, Habib Ahmad 107 Alleviation of Chilling-Induced Proline Contents by Salicylic Acid in Germinating Maize (Zea mays L.) Seeds Sidra Qayyum, Syed Abdul Majid 108 Flora of Maidan Valley, District Lower Dir: A case study of Conservation Assessment. Siraj-ud-Din, Mir Ajab Khan, Ghulam Jelani 109
- 15. - 16 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Floristic Studies of Phanerogams of District Shangla, Pakistan Sultan-Ud-Din, Mukhtar Alam, Habib Ahmad, Haidar Ali 110 Conservation Status of threatend Endemic Flora of District Shangla, Pakistan Sultan-Ud-Din, Mukhtar Alam, Habib Ahmad, Haidar Ali 111 Studies onGenetic Diversity in Common Oak (Quercus) Species Using SDS-Page Sultan-ud-Din, I. M.Alam,Khalilullah, H. Ahmad,S. M. Khan, I. A. Khan 112 Effect of Temperature in Breaking Bud Dormancy in Tea Syed Ahsan Shah, Azhar Hussain Shah, Abdul Waheed, Farrukh Siyar Hamid,Abdul Majid, Niaz Ali,Habib Ahmad 113 Foot-and-mouth disease in Himalayan region Syed M. Jamal 114 Effect of Five Indigenous Plant Extracts on the Mortality of Red Flour Beetle Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae) Tahir Bad Shah Muhammad Saeed, Inamullah Khan Amanullah Khan, Gul Zamin Khan, Shah Masaud Khan 115 Estimation of Protein and Shugar in Medicinal Plants Based on Their Ethnomedicinal Uses Uzma Khan, Rizwana A. Qureshi, Wajiha Khan, Yasir Ihtesham, Azhar Hussain Shah, Abdul Majid, Imran Khan 116 Use of rpoB Chloroplast Marker to Study the Evolutıonary Status of Modern Sugarcane Cultıvars Waqar Ahmad, Pazır Alı, Muhammad Amır, Ezed Alı, Khushı Muhammad, Muhammad Shahıd Nadeem, AyazKhan, Habıb Ahmad 117 Lıfe Form and Leaf Sıze Spectra of Plant Communıtıes Thandıanı Forests, Dıstrıct Abbottabad Waqas Khan, Faizullah, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad 118
- 16. - 17 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Floral Biodiversity and Conservation Status of the Himalayan Foothill Region, Thandiani Sub Forests Division, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan Waqas Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad 119 Altitudinal Variation in Plant Species Diversity and its Components at Thandiani Sub Forests Division, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan Waqas Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad 120 Ethnobotany and Conservatıon Status of Some Tradıtıonally Valued Plants of Kaghan Valley, Mansehra, KP, Pakıstan Zafar Jamal, Muhammad Rashid Awan, Manzoor Hussain, GhulamMujtaba Shah 121 Plant biodiversity along an altitudinal gradient to assess microclimatic zones of the Tormik Valley, Karakoram Zaheer Abbas MushtaqAhmad, Shuja-ul-Mulk Khan, Zahid Ullah 122 Systematics and Diversity of the Genus Poa (Poaceae) in the Western Himalayas Pakistan Zahid Ullah, Mushtaq Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Hamayun Shaheen, Naveed Alam 123 Conservation Problems and Proposed Strategies for the Archiological Sites of Mansehra Zain Ul Wahab, Junaid Bashir 124 Preservation of Local Ancient Games of Hazara (Himalayas) Zain Ul Wahab, Junaid Bashir 125 Effect of Planting Density on the Yield of Onion Under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Mansehra Zia-Ul-Haq, Azhar Hussain Shah, Ahmad Abbas Malik, Abdul Majid, Niaz Ali, Uzma Khan, Habib Ahmad 126
- 17. - 18 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Application of Foliar Anatomy to Understand the Taxonomic Position of Weedy Grass Species from Lesser Himalaya, Pakistan Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani, Mir Ajab Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad 127 Effect of Pre-Sowing Treatments on seed germination of Quercus glauca Thunb. collected from the Himalayas of Pakistan Zulfiqar, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad 128 List of invited speakers 129 Note 130
- 18. - 19 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 PREAMBLE Himalayas are the world’s largest mountain ranges situated in South Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. Himalayas include more than hundred mountains exceeding 7,200 metres. The Himalayan region of Pakistan is recognized as the well- known Western Himalayan Province famous for its unique endemic and threatened biodiversity, which gives it as a distinction viz Western Himalayan Moist Temperate Ecoregion in the Global-200 priority ecoregion for conservation. It hosts enormous tangible and intangible resouces broadly recognized as sociocultural, physical and biological resources. The Himalayas of Pakistan not only preserve the precious biodiversity but also provide precious ecosystem services including supporting, providing and cultural services. The Himalayan highlands of Pakistan provide uncountable environmental benefits and socioeconomics standing to the dwellers of the region. The area is blessed with the world’s highest peaks, plateaus, glaciers, snow fields, forests, wildlife and immense unexplored genetic resources. A A view of Pakistani Himalayas (Photo provided by Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan). Hazara University lying on the western edge of Himalays is the real custodian of the research and development potential of Western Himalayas has a special previlage of exploring the ecological problems of the area and trying to address the issues through the involvement of associated communities for sustainable management through bridging scientific findings with the traditional wisdom. The event is proposed from November 27 to 30th , at Hazara University, Mansehra, with
- 19. - 20 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 the aim to introduce the potential and problems of biodiversity and ecosystems of Western Himalayan Region and to plan for mitigating the issues through proper involvements of the relevant stakeholders. Holding the 1st ISHP in 2014 is an activity of series of experience sharing and raising awareness regarding development and conservation issues of the Himalayas of Pakistan. This symposium will not only gather the experts to discuss the potential and issues from different points of view but will also provide an opportunity to introduce the area internationally in terms of research and development, one of the promising areas could be the ecotourism industry. This multidisciplinary symposium has drawn together multiple researchers in different fields who generally address the same problems in isolation from each other. A recent review in Annals of Botany argued that we should be combining Importance Value Indices (IVIs) based on classifications of species assemblages and environmental biodiversity gradients and Use Values (UVs) that use anthropological methods to examine how local communities use different plants. This could be unexpectedly wide, as the difference in altitude over a small distance means one community could access many different ecological niches. Traditional wisdom adds an important dimension to the accepted biodiversity conservation criteria – rarity, threat and endemism. Species can also have historical, traditional and educational values. These are values that are as much under threat as the plants themselves as urbanism encroaches on local communities, and could be a significant loss. For example ethno-medicinal knowledge can help recognize and preserve important species. If we do not pay attention to the loss this cultural practice, then its loss might also lead to losing the plant itself and any uses it might have. The 1st ISHP 2014 is expected to be participated from all the people from all the relavent walks of life including faculty, graduate students, professionals, civil society representatives, conservation activists and leading conservation agencies. The Symposium is an important milestone in the history of higher education in northren Pakistan. It will link the professional and amatures of the region and those who are thinking for the betterment of life as a whole in this part of the world. The event would play a role as does by the famous KKH (Karakorum Highway), which explores the silk route through the world’s highest passes, highest mountains, tiresome gorges, the cold and hot deserts of Himalayas, Karakorum and Hindu Kush series. The activity aims to establish a strong and sustainable link among the stakeholders for joining hands to mitigate the emerging conservation issues of the region. I appreciate the prompt action and generous financial support of the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad Pakistan. The students and faculty of Hazara University are admired for their contributions towards the success of the activity. The technical support of Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan, Dr. Haider Ali and Mr. Abdul Majid for preparing and reviewing of this abstract book is acknowledged. Looking forward to come and join hands with us in 1st ISHP and moving further for research and sustainable development through the wise use of the Himalayan resources. PROF DR HABIB AHMAD Tamgha-e-Imtaiz Symposium Organizer Dean Faculty of Science Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Email: drhahmad@gmail.com
- 20. - 21 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Introduction to Mountain Ecosystems with Reference to Pakistan The Irano-Turanian region of the Tethyan subkingdom has a rich and significant floristic diversity due to the presence of various mountain systems. As a country, Pakistan supports some of the world’s most diverse vegetation, owing to varying geo-climatic zones and the presence of five significant mountain systems. North-Western Pakistan is situated in this region where the Kirthar, Suleiman, Hindu Kush, Karakorum and the Himalayas (western part) congregate together and contribute to a high plant biodiversity. The Kirthar range starts from the Arabian Sea and extends about 300 km northwards to the Mula River in east-central Balochistan. The Sulaiman Mountains are a major geological feature of the northern Balochistan province of Pakistan that extends westward to the Zabul province in Afghanistan and northward to the Hindu Kush. Being situated at lower latitudes and with infrequent summer precipitation, the Kirthar and the Suleiman ranges support subtropical thorny vegetation. The Hindu Kush mountain range stretches 800 km between the Sulaiman range (from the south west) the Himalayas (from the east) and the Karakuram (from the north east) forming the geopolitical boundary of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The forest areas of the Hindu Kush are represented by Cedrus deodara, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana, Pinus roxburgii and Abies pindrow especially in wetter areas that come under the influence of the monsoon. The eastern part of the Hind Kush becomes more similar to the Himalayas in terms of climate and flora thus most bio-geographers term it the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH). The Karakorum Mountain range, which is about 500 km long, connects the plateaux of Tibet and the Pamir and forms a part of the political border between Pakistan, India and China. The vegetation composition is mainly xeric in nature due to the cold climate. Vegetation zones can be categorized on the basis of humidity and elevation gradient from semi-desert, through montane shrub to alpine meadows. A few studies indicate the shrubby nature of the vegetation at lower altitudes (around 2700 m), with alpine pastures at higher altitudes (above 3500 m). The Himalayan range of mountains is about 2500 km long and 400 km wide and has a comparatively small part in Pakistani territory due to political boundaries. Plant diversity decreases with a decrease in the monsoon effect as one moves from south east to North West in the Himalayas. Other factors responsible for this decline are the increase in altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. Important indicator species of the Himalayan range are Pinus wallichiana, Abies pindrow, Rhododendron species, Fragaria nubicola, Viola species, and Clematis species. Floristically, the vegetation of the western and northern Himalayas becomes similar to respectively the Hindu Kush and the monsoon belt of the Karakorum in terms of species composition and richness, perhaps owing to geologic, physiographic and climatic correspondence. Characteristic species of this transitional belt of the western Himalaya, the southern Karakorum and the eastern Hindu Kush are Cedrus deodara, Picea smithiana, Ephedra gerardiana, Thymus linearis and Cotoneaster microphyllus. Alpine and sub alpine habitats, where altitude becomes the most powerful limiting factor, further strengthen the floristic affinities with higher elevation vegetation of Hinsu kush and Himalaya; characteristic species of Juniperus, Poa, Sibbaldia, Geranium, Rhodiola, Rheum, Androsace, Iris, Primula, Potentilla and Polygonum in these adjoining parts of these three mountain ranges. The dominance of an endemic flora in the western Himalaya, especially at high elevations, indicates the high conservation importance of these ecosystems. This author further advocates that the timberline zones should be protected as
- 21. - 22 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 priority regions. In the Himalayas these conservation values are threatened due to human exploitation through a number of activities such as farming, herding, fuel, timber, and medicinal plant collection etc. Accordingly, mountain vegetation has become a significant focus in recent ecological, conservation and ethnobotanical studies. DR SHUJAUL MULK KHAN Focal Person of the Symposium Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan Cell: 0092 3349311639 Email: shuja60@gmail.com
- 22. - 23 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Endemic Plant Diversity of High Altitudes and Strategies for their Conservation - A Case Study from Aydin Mountains in Turkey Münir ÖZTÜRK1 , Ali ÇELİK2 Botany Department, Science Faculty, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey Biology Dept., Faculty of Science & Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli,Turkey Abstract Aydın Mountains are situated in the Mediterranean phytogeographical division of Turkey and are included in the West Anatolia. Major soil groups distributed in the area are; alluvial, colluvial, non- calcareous brown forest, rendzina, brown forest, reddish brown mediterranean, regosol, naked stone and pebbles, calcareous brown and brown soils. The dominant climate is the mediterranean type. Although the flora dominated by the Mediterranean elements, However Irano-Turanian and Euro-Siberian have also impacts. In all 836 taxa are distributed on these mountains which belong to 395 genera and 95 families. From these, 262 taxa are mediterranean (21.84%), 33 taxa belong to the Irano-Turanian (3.96 %), 51 taxa to the Euro-Siberian (6.12 %) ,2 taxa to the Euxin (0.24 %) elements. The number of cosmopolitans is 5 (0.60 %). Total endemic taxa distributed naturally on Aydın Mountains are 82 (9.80 %), which are included in 25 families. The number of Critically Endangered taxa are 1, endangered 4, vulnerable 11, lower risk 66. A major part of the macchias has been cut down on some parts of the mountain and replaced by Castanea, Apple, Fig and Grapes. Vegetation of Akdağ in Çivril (Denizli) is represented by: Pinus nigra ssp.pallasiana, Pinus brutia, Juniperus excelsa - J. foetidissima. The vegetation of Babadağ (Denizli) is represented by Erodio leuconthi-Quercetum cocciferae, Querco cerridis- Quercetum infectoriae and Scutelleria- pinetum brutiae. On Bozdağ (Denizli) main vegetation types are; Salvio-Quercetum cocciferae, Euphorbia- Pinetum brutiae, Muscaro-Pinetum nigrae, Satorejo-Juniperetum excelsae, and Verbasco-Cedretum libanii. On Aydin mountain we come across Lathyro-Pinetum nigrae Çelik ass. nov, Teucrio-Juniperetum excelsae Çelik ass. nov, Euphorbio-Cistetum laurifolii Çelik ass. nov, Asparago-Pinetum brutiae Çelik ass. nov, Cyclamo-Quercetum cocciferae Çelik ass. nov, Ferulago- Quercetum ithaburensis Çelik ass. nov. Demographic outburst, overexploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation have resulted in an ever accelerating decline of biodiversity. Nearly 80 percent of the original forest cover has been cleared, damaged or fragmented. Different biotic and abiotic pressures threatens the biodiversity of Aydin mountains. Hence conservation efforts need to be lunched. Keywords: Aydin Mountrains, Plant Diversity, Endemics, Conservation
- 23. - 24 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 An overview of the Biodiversity Resources of Turkey Tijen Demiral1 and Mehmet Hamurcu2 1 Department of Biology, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey 2 Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Selcuk University, 42000 Konya, Turkey tijen.demiral@harran.edu.tr mhamurcu@selcuk.edu.tr Abstract Having the richest biodiversity in Europe and Middle East countries, Turkey is ranked ninth in Europe in terms of biodiversity. Each one of the seven geographical regions of the country shows different features of climate, flora and fauna and has the world's three most important ecological regions. Turkey is very rich in species diversity with biodiversity up to 120 mammals, over 400 species of birds, 130 reptiles, and 400 species of fish. Due to its location on the migration route of birds, Turkey is a key country for many bird species. In our country, about 454 species of birds are known to exist, some of which are globally threatened species. There are five distinct ‘micro-gene’ centers in Turkey. In the last thirty years, 256 varieties of cereals developed by local and imported breeds have been recorded and among them are 95 wheat, 91 corn, 22 barley, 19 rice, 16 sorghum, 11 oats, and two rye varieties. 33 % of all plant species are endemic in Turkey and Turkey contains about 3,000 endemic plant species among more than 9000 plant species in its rich flora, which includes more than 500 bulbs; snowdrops, winter ling, cyclamen, tulips, crocus species and highly recognized in the international flower bulb trade. The flora of Turkey with high endemism is very rich in terms of medicinal and aromatic plants as well. This considerable wealth of biodiversity both offers economic opportunities and burden the responsibility to establish a balance for their conservation and use. Development and implementation of multilateral environmental agreements that promote research, education, training and public awareness to preserve biological diversity worldwide is urgent and obligatory.
- 24. - 25 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Vegetation cover change in Manglot Wildlife Park, Pakistan: example of Landsat data application in detecting land cover, land use change in HKH region Ahmad Khan1 , Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 1 Faculty Research Assistant, Dept. of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 2 DFO Wildlife, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department, Peshawar snowleop2002@yahoo.com Abstract Manglot Wildlife Park was established in early 90’s for re-introduction of chinkara, hog deer and urial, to the range from where they were extinct. The park’s vegetation changed over time with fencing and protection. Vegetation at center improved, while on periphery of the park degraded. This helped some individuals of chinkara gazelle to escape and establish population in the nearby area with comparatively open vegetation. In this paper we have analyzed the vegetation change in Manglot Wildlife Park over time with Landsat time series. The changes suggest a change in forest area of 1992 from 553 ha to 669 ha in 2013. This is however concentrated in center of the park, which is probably more protected than its peripheries. The open areas in the park reduced from 317 ha to 231 ha in 2013, however the degradation is more towards the edges, where local communities living around the park are probably cutting the forests. However, this degradation at edges, creating open areas which are preferred habitat of chinkara, has probably played a key role in escape of the chinkara from the park and establishing its population outside of the park, in the nearby open area. Keywords: Manglot, Nizampur, Chinkara, Pakistan, Wildlife, Khyber Paktunkhwa, land use change.
- 25. - 26 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 An Overview of Ustilaginales in Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests of Pakistan Aamna Ishaq1 *, Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan2 , Abdul Nasir Khalid1 1 * Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan 2 Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan aamna_ishaq@yahoo.com Abstract This preliminary effort to summarize the diversity and spatial distribution of smut fungi in Himalayan Moist Temperate Forest (HMT) on the basis of the study of herbarium specimens and references taken from published work. Fifty nine (59) species belonging to fourteen (14) genera of three (03) families of smut fungi parasitizing forty seven (47) host plants belonging to nine (09) plant families have been described or recorded so far from selected sites. Among these Poaceous hosts have been found most susceptible hosts for these pathogens. This number may include seven (07) indigenous species of smuts. Several specimens have been found rare, being known from a limited number of collections. An overview of taxonomy, diversity and distribution of these important pathogens will help to use bioclimatic modeling methods to predict habitat distribution, future risk assessment and strategic management planning in this highly valuable reservoir of biodiversity.
- 26. - 27 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Wıld Edıble Fruıts of Dıstrıct Tor Ghar, Western Hımalayas of Pakıstan Abbas Hussaın Shah1 , Azhar Mehmood1 , Shujaul Mulk Khan1 , Azhar Hussaın Shah1 and Habıb Ahmad2 1 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 2 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan abbas5812b@yahoo.com Abstract The present study deals with the identification, documentation and exploration of wild edible fruits consumed by indigenous tribes of district Torghar. The study area is located in Lesser Himalayas and dominated by Sino-Japanese type of elements. This is the first ethnobotanical investigation of wild edible plant biodiversity of Torghar. Local wisdom was interrogated by group discussions and semi- structured interviews. It was found that the wild fruits have a great socioeconomic significance because of their food and medicinal values. People utilize wild fruits not only for main uses as food and medicine, but also for a variety of purposes such as fodder, fuel wood, timber, etc. The study revealed 38 wild edible fruits of 29 genera and 22 families for 19 different uses. Maximum numbers of wild edible fruit plants belong to family Rosaceae (8 plant species). Popularity of wild edible plants among different tribes of Torghar was assessed on the basis of Fidelity level %age. Fidelity level index shows values for each species in descending order from Jugalans regia 74.4% to Buxus wallichiana 17.4%, thus establishing Juglans regia as the most popular wild edible plant species. This study will serve a base line for nutritional profiles of wild edible fruits and help to explore genetic resource for allied cultivated fruits.
- 27. - 28 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 First record of Leucocoprinus cretaceous from man-made forest Changa Manga, Punjab, Pakistan Abdul Rehman Niazi* and Maryam Anees 1 Department of Botany, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan mushroomniazi@gmail.com Abstract During the monsoon season from August to September, 2014 extensive surveys were made to explore the fungal diversity of man-made forest Changa Manga, Punjab, Pakistan. During the investigation, a species of the genus Leucocoprinus was collected and characterized macro- microscopically and phylogenetically. It was also characterized molecularly by amplifying internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and identified as Leucocoprinus cretaceous. After the literature survey of fungal flora of Pakistan, this species was found as a new record in fungal flora of Paksitan.
- 28. - 29 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Conservation of Biodiversity through Information Technology Abdur Rashid and Fawad Alam Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar Abstract Conventional System of communication is quite expensive, time consuming, laborious practice that involves diverse resources of labor, computers, printers, ink, time and paper. It has been estimated that one tone paper is prepared from 24 trees. Further, this is time consuming, space restricted, polluting environment and money demanding business. If replaced by e-communication system, it will drastically cut down monitory input up to 90%, save time, labor, speedy, safe, easily retrievable and extremely efficient. Further it will change behavior of the community and will set an ideal working environment. An effort has been initiated at Centre of Plant Biodiversity and Botanical Garden, University of Peshawar for switching over from conventional system to e- communication. The result has been presented.
- 29. - 30 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Rhizospheric Microflora of Pakhal (Mansehra) and its Potential Use as Biofertilizer for Vegetables Aftab Afzal1* , Alia1 , Shahida Nasreen Khokhar2 1 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra 2 Soil Biology and Biochemistry, LRRP, NARC, Islamabad aftabafzalkiani@yahoo.com Abstract Vegetable Rhizospheric soil samples with root were collected from Pakhal area Mansehra. Rhizospheric microflora were isolated from collected samples by using dilution plate technique, on selective media for PSBs and N- fixers. Population density of phosphate soubilizer in vegetable rhizosphere range from 8.63x107 (CCM1) to 1.16x108 (SPI). Out of forty two isolates 38 were found positive for phosphorus solubilization. The purified cultures of PSB isolates were characterized on the basis of general colony morphology and biochemical tests. The PSB isolate, PPM (M) showed the highest solubilization index (4.2) on PIK medium, while on NBPRI medium Isolate KBM3 showed the highest solubilization index (4.2). Quantitative study of twenty six isolates showed significant P solubilizatin range from 12.5µg/ml (MZM) to 99.04µg/ml (CCM1) on PIK medium, while on NBRIP medium range from 5.45µg/ml(KPM) to 81.77µg/ml (WTM3). The pH decrease in liquid medium of PIK range from 4.72(GAM1) to 6.05(KPM), whereas in NBRIP medium range from 3.83(KPM) to 5.61(TNM). PSB isolates showed great variation in their osmotic Potential range from -22.21 to -4.58 bars. Isolate TBM2 has highest osmotic potential and PPM (ich) has lowest osmotic potential value. Bioassay study was carried out for ten selected PSB isolates for their effect on tomato seed germination over a period of fifteen days. Inoculation with isolates increased dry weight and shoot, root length of tomato as compared to control plant. Isolate CBM1 (F=2.3, P=0.04) showed most significant effect of PSB in inoculated plants. Keywords: Rhizosphere, Phophate Solubilizing bacteria, Biofertilizer
- 30. - 31 - Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Evaluatıons of Locally Collected Germplasm of Common Bean (P. Vulgarıs. L) for Varıabılıty in Morphologıcal and Yıeld Characters in the Swat Valley Ahmad Alı1 , Habıb Ahmad2 , Sher Aslam Khan1* , Shujaul Mulk Khan2 , Fayyaz Ahmad3 , Naushad Alı1 , Izhar Hussaın1 , Mehnaz Saleem4 , Attaullah5 and Salar Khan1 1 University of Haripur, 2 Hazara University Mansehra, 3 Agriculture Research Institute (N) Mingore Swat, 4 Agriculture Research station Baffa Manshra. 5 The University of agriculture Peshawer sheraslamqau@gmail.com Abstract An experiment was designed to quantify variability of morphological characters with yield among the locally collected germplasm of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L). Comprising of nine accessions, collected from local farmers of the remote areas of the valley during 2013. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data was recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to pod formation, days to maturity, pods plant-1 , pod length, seed pod-1 , 100 seed weight, and yield ha-1 . The results revealed that genotypes differed significantly for the studied traits. Among the tested accessions the “A5LS” was early maturing while “A2TH” was late maturing. The accessions “A8TS” and “A2TH” were high yielding with 2042.3 and 1968.3 kg ha-1 dry seed production respectively. Based on the results it may be concluded that these genotypes may be further studied and included in bean improvement program.
- 31. 32 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Study on Soybean (Glycene Max L. Merrıll) Germplasm for the Evaluatıon of Quantıtatıve Traıts in the Swat Valley Ahmad Alı1 , Habıb Ahmad2 , Sher Aslam Khan1 , Shujaul Mulk Khan2 , Naushad Alı1 , Ehsanullah Khan3 , Muhammad Lıaqat1 , Muhammad Saeed1 , Izhar Hussaın1 and Salar Khan1 1 University of Haripur, Haripur 2 Department of Botany, Hazara university, Mansehra 3 ARI (N) Mingora Swat. sheraslamqau@gmail.com Abstract This research study was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (North) Mingora Swat in summer 2013. The objective of this study was to estimate variations and correlation among the important traits using 19 accessions of soybean (Glycene max L.) including two cultivated varieties (Malakand-96 and Swat-84) as checks. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. Data was recorded on days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to pod formation (DPF), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), number of pods plant-1 (NPP-1 ), number of seeds pod-1 (NSP-1 ), pod length (PL), number of branches plant-1 (NBP-1 ), 100 seeds weight (HSW), seeds yield ha-1 (SYHa-1 ), and oil contents (OC %). The accession exhibited significant variations for all the traits which confirm the presence of genetic variation in these accessions. Positive and significant correlation was observed between seed yield and days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pods plant-1 , 100 seed weight. Positive correlation was observed for seed yield with days to pod formation and pod length, however it exhibited negative correlation with plant height. The genotype “Elgin” was early maturing while “Woodwarth” out yielded (4.24 tons ha-1 ) all the tested accessions including the checks. It may be concluded from the present study that these accessions may further be evaluated for yield and maturity in Soybean improvement program. Keywords: variation, correlation, accessions, Glycene max, genetic variations, selection criteria, yield and maturity.
- 32. 33 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Varietal Response to Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) and its Associated Natural Enemies in Potato Crop. Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1 , Isma Khurshid1 , Asad Ali2 , and Mukhtar Alam2 . 1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan 2 University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Abstract Studies regarding the field evaluation of potato varietal response to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and its associated natural enemies were carried out at Hazara Agricultural Research Station, Abbottabad for 5 varieties i-e Desiree, Cardinal, FDI-4, diamond, and Dura. The experiment was laid out in RCB Design with five replications. Insect population was observed with weekly intervals. The data revealed that noticeable aphid infestation was invariably present on all five genotypes by the last week of March 2005 (1st observation). The peak population of 29.38 aphids per leaf was recorded during 3rd week of May (11th observation). Two species of Coccinellids i.e. Coccinellids septempunctata and Harmonia dimidiate were positively identified. The predominant species i.e. C septempunctata first appeared around 24th April with a mean number of 0.05 beetles/leaf. The population of C. septempunctata was recorded to be 0.75 beetles/leaf when the aphid population touched its peak on the 22nd of May. The mean population of Harmonia spp. was very low and negligible. The pre- dominant syrphid fly (Syrphis balteatus) population was 1st recorded on 8th of May (6th observation) with mean number of 0.15 syrphid flies/leaf and their peak population of 1.35 syrphid flies/leaf was observed on the 22nd May. Chrysoparla carnea appeared in the 2nd week of May (18th May) and their Peak population was recorded during last week of May (29th May) with mean population of 1.02 syrphid flies/leaf. Aphidious matricarei and Aphidious colemani were among the major parasitoids observed. There was no activity of parasitoids till 17th April, the parasities appeared with 0.65% parasitism on aphids in the 1st week of May and the highest percentage of parasitism was recorded (46.15%) on the 22nd of May. Among all the varieties used, Cardinal showed comparatively high resistance than that of Diamant, FD1 and Dura. Desiree showed least resistance against M. persicae, which was found to be the most susceptible variety. Keywords: Myzus persicae, Natural Enemies, Potato varieties, Resistance
- 33. 34 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Child Labour in Pakistan and its Realization for Education for All (EFA) Akhtar Iqbal Abstract This research study was carried out to examine the effects of child labour on the goals of Education for All. Child labour is a burning issue in the developing countries including Pakistan. The researcher took district Mansehra as population while selected three Tehsils, namely Mansehra, Oghi and Balakot as samples. Thirty government primary schools were randomly selected wherein two Teachers were handed over questionnaires. Thirty working children and their parents were selected for structured interviews. The collected data was put in tabular form and was analyzed by using statistical methods of percentage and mean frequency. After analyzing the available data, it was evident that majority of the respondents were of the view that children joined labour market not willingly but they were forced to earn livelihood for their families. Majority of the children responded that they were eager to go to school if favorable conditions existed. Majority of the parents were agreed to send their children to school if education be made free of cost. It is a fact that parents and children are unaware of the importance of education. Sufficient Enough legislation has been done for the elimination of child labour but due to lack of proper implementation, the issue is escalating day by day. Pakistan is experiencing high level of out-of-school dilemma. Majority of the respondents were agreed that child labour had an adverse impact on child education. Over-whelming majority Maximum of the respondents were of the view that poverty was the main cause of child labour and the children would join schools if free of cost education is provided to them.
- 34. 35 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Changes in the Distribution Pattern of Species in the Astore Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan Ali Noor Biological Sciences Department Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan; alinoor_na@yahoo.com Abstract The main factors that involved in plant biodiversity loss of Astore valley are mostly human induced. The natural threats faced by the plants include earthquakes, snow slides, landslides avalanche, declining precipitation, humidity and other climatic fluctuations. The anthropogenic threats mainly include habitat degradation, expansion of agriculture, harvesting of plants for fuel, timber, grazing pressure of livestock, selective removal of plant species, over exploitation of plants particularly medicinal important species for indigenous cure system and for commercial purpose and unsustainable uses of natural resources are major cases. The usage of natural resources in high proportion may be cause the rapid depletion of many plant species. With increasing human population in few decades many demands increased in all aspects including construction, agriculture, livestock, etc. Cutting and removing of plant species for expansion of agriculture is the common phenomena of indigenous people. Unplanned grazing pressure in forest area is also a threat for loss of species. It is estimated that about 200,000 livestock are grazed annually in forests and pastures and nearly 70 – 80 percent land of the study area is under grazing.Besides, 99 % people of Astore valley use firewood as fuel for their domestic purposes, about 10,000 trees per year were cut down in study area for construction, firewood and for commercial purposes. On the basis of observation and information from inhabitants of Astore valley Eremurus himalaicus, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Peganum harmala, Allium jacquemontii, Pinus gerardiana, Jurinea himalaica, Saussurea costus, Arnebia benthamii, Nepeta adenophyta, Aquilegia fragrans, Rosa foetida, Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, Aconitum heterophyllum, Rheum tibeticum, Pulsatilla wallichiana and Salix karelinii were under threat due to overexploitation, selective elimination and habitat destruction. It is imminent that after few (10-20) years valley bottom plain areas will come under cultivation through irrigation process, as a result flora of these zones will decline or will become extinct from original habitat, mainly Haplophyllum gilesii which is an endemic spices was found in Bunji Dass of the study area will become extinct, because this endemic species is typically distributed in this region. Artemisia amygdalina is endemic to Pakistan and Kashmir. Its distribution is very narrow small patch in study area. In this area grazing pressure of domestic cattle and nomadic cattle is high during flowering season. Therefore these species are under threat. Due to cutting of forest trees many shade dependent plant species are also rapidly declining like Fragaria nubicola and Aquilegia moorcroftiana. Betula utilis is a beautiful tree species; it is facing multiple threats e.g. cutting for fuel, for making domestic tools, grazing pressure and snow sliding etc.
- 35. 36 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Pteridophytes of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir: Diversity and Future Conservation Challenges Alia Gul*, Jan Alam* and Habib Ahmad** *Department of Botany, Hazara University-Mansehra **Department of Genetics, Hazara University-Mansehra janalakuh@yahoo.com Abstract The present study was aimed to review previous efforts to investigate the Pteridophytes of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Critical examination of the reported taxa suggests that there are 174 species distributed in eighteen families and fifty-one genera. Pteridaceae is the largest family with 113 species (64.95%). Aspleniaceae and Polypodiaceae com next to with 13(11.50%) and 11(9.74%) species respectively. In the remaining 15 families, less than 5 species per family were found to occur. Like-wise for genera, Dryopteris was the largest genus with 17 species, followed by Polypodium and Athrium with 16 and 14 species respectively. In the rest of genera, three had 11 to 13 species, eighteen were 2-10 and 17 genera were one species each. An average number of species per genus was noted to be 342. Majority species (%) have been reported from the Himalayan region of the study area. However, there are still many potential localities are un explored and many species may be added in the flora of the area. In the view of conservation efforts, even a single species could not to be evaluated yet. Therefore, it is a dire need of further inventorying and monitoring of Pteridophytes of the study area. Keywords: Pteridophytes, Pakistan and Azad Kashmir
- 36. 37 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Mistletoes of Himalayan foothills in Rawalpindi district and their host range Amir Sultan1 , Syed Waqar Shah2 , Zafeer Saqib3 and Mahrine Rashid1 1 National Herbarium, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 2 Islamabad Model College for Boys F-7/3, Islamabad 3 Department of Environmental Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad Abstract Mistletoes are hemiparasites that draw nutrients and water from host stem by means of haustorium. Mistletoes are represented in Pakistan by nine species in four genera in the families’ Loranthaceae and Viscaceae. Loranthus longiflorus and L. pulverulentus were recorded in Lehtrar and Panjar areas. Both mistletoes parasitise a variety of dicotyledonous trees. Although both of these mistletoes are generalist species, L. pulverulentus was recorded on 12 different hosts compared to only five hosts recorded for L. longiflorus. Specimens of both mistletoes were also taken for addition to Herbarium.
- 37. 38 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 The spread of Dengue virus from Southern to Northern Pakıstan Amjad Alı1 , Habıb Ahmad1 , Ijaz Alı2 And Mounır G. Abouhaıder3 1 Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Pakistan 2 Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, KP, Pakistan 3 Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada Abstract Dengue, the most common arboviral (arthropod transmitted) disease, considers as the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in the world. Around 2.5 billion people in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world are at risk of this infection, which makes up to two- fifths of the world’s population. An estimated global rate of dengue infection is 50-100 million every year with 24,000 mortalities and 500,000 cases requiring hospitalizations. Furthermore, the fact that the number of infection has doubled in people living in the tropical and sub-tropical regions makes dengue an unqualified global threat to public health. Earliest dengue infection in Pakistan dates back to 1985 in Karachi and the worst recent outbreaks were witnessed in Lahore, Punjab (2011) and in Swat, KP (2013). Over 422 people died in these two outbreaks and thousands were hospitalized. As yet 2014 (the writing of this review), dengue infection is affecting the people of Pakistan in various territories in terms of mortalities and morbidities. Keywords: Dengue infection in Pakistan, dengue review, deaths due to dengue in Pakistan, dengue infection
- 38. 39 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Forest Cover Change in Tehsil Barawal, District Dir (Upper), Pakistan Anwar Sajjad1* , Adnan2 , Ahmad Hussain3 and Shagufta Bibi3 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Pakistan, 2 Institute of Geographical Information Systems, NUST Islamabad, Pakistan, 3 Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Haripur, Pakistan, Anwarsajjad7@gmail.com Abstract The forests of Pakistan reflect plentiful climatic, physiographic and edaphic differences in the country. However these forests facing a serious problem of deforestation. Geographic information system (GIS) techniques and remote sensing (RS) from satellite platforms offer best ways and assess deforestation. A GIS and RS based study was conducted in tehsil Barawal, district Dir (U) to analyze forest cover change. The main objectives of the study were to 1) identify different classes of land use, land cover and its spatial distribution in the study area, 2) determine the trend, nature, location and magnitude of forest cover change and 3) prepare maps of forest-cover change in different time periods in the study area. To assess the objectives remote sensing and GIS techniques were utilized. A supervised image classification technique was applied on Landsat 5 satellite images of 2000 and 2012. Five main classes such as agriculture, forest, barren land, snow and water were identified. The results showed that the area of forest, barren land, agriculture, water and snow in year 2000 was 49.54%, 43.38%, and 5.19%, 1.40% and 0.49% and the area in 2012 was 37.17%, 41.36%, and 12.69%, 5.05% and 3.72% respectively. Furthermore 2.02% decrease in barren land, 12.37% decrease in forest and 7.5% increase in agriculture land and was identified. Due to high deforestation rate and increased agricultural activities it is recommended that awareness campaign should be launched in the study area to protect and conserve this forest from further deforestation. Keywords: Deforestation, Change Analysis, Forest Cover Change
- 39. 40 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Prospects of Tourism along the Silk Route: Living Treasure of Himalayas Asif Khan Tourism Department Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan Abstract Cultural and natural resources are the major attractions for developing Tourism industry in any country. Pakistan being a cradle of famous cultures and civilization has a rich potential for the promotion of tourism. The archaeological sites and monuments embodied landmarks in the progress of human civilization and constitute an invaluable heritage of mankind. The network of trading routes known as the Silk Route stretched from China to Japan in the East and to Turkey and Italy in the West, encompassing Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and the other lands of Central Asia, and linking the ancient Mediterranean world to the empires of China. For thousands of years, highly valued silk, cotton, wool, glass, jade, lapis lazuli, metals, salt, spices, tea, herbal medicines, fruits, flowers, horses, and musical instruments moved back and forth along various portions of the Silk Road. The term Silk route was first used by a German geologist, Baron Ferdinand Von Richthofen in a paper published in 1877. Some of the scholars trace back the silk route to 206 B.C. and J. Mark Kenoyer traced it back to 2500 B.C. to 3000 B.C. Silk route passing through Himalayas presents a great diversity of natural and cultural resources. The course of this route incorporated the cities of Taxila, Haripur, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Muzaffarabad, Kaghan, Naran, Babusar Pass, Chilas and Jaglot. All these places are full of natural and cultural treasures which attracts tourists from all around the world. This paper focuses on exploring the major resources for the development of sustainable tourism in the Himalayas along the Silk route. It will help to highlight the conservation, preservation problems of the cultural and natural resources. The paper will bring the natural assets, especially the botanical resources into limelight thus it will pave the way for further research. It will also focus on the preservation of the endangered species and ecologies.
- 40. 41 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Phylogenetıc Study of selected Mentha Specıes Ayaz Khan1 *, Habib Ahmad2 ,Altaf Hussaın2 ,Khushi Muhammad1 , Muhammad Shahıd Nadeem1 , Waqar Ahmad1 and Sundas Sıddıque1 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 2 Qarshi Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Hattar Pakistan * ayazgenetics@gmail.com Abstract Mentha commonly known as peppermint has a large number of species distributed in the Hmaliyas which are used important herbal medicines. This paper reports the findings regarding nucleotide sequencing, DNA markers and Phylogenetic analysis of Mentha accessions of Pakistan. To conduct the current study, three commercially cultivated Mentha plant accessions were collected from Qarshi Industries (Pvt.) Ltd and genomic DNA extraction protocol was optimized to perform RpoB PCR based DNA marker techniques. Partial sequence of rpoB gene was used for the aligment with 500 bp in the genomes and the development of DNA barcodes. These sequences of the nucleotide were analysed by doing BLAST at NCBI. All results of the analysis at the nucleotide level showed a better understanding of the taxonomic position of species. This study could be useful to provide a baseline to authenticate, identify and phylogeneticaly analyse important medicinal plants of Pakistani industry. Further elaboration is possible through more DNA barcodes at species level. Keywords: Phylogeny, DNA Barcoding, PCR, Mentha, RpoB, NCBI.
- 41. 42 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Floristic Diversity of Family Poaceae in District Torghar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Azhar Mehmood*3 , Shujaul Mulk Khan1 , Azhar Hussain Shah1 , Abbas Hussain Shah1 & Habib Ahmad2 1, Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan1, 2 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 3 Department of Botany GPGC Mandian Abbottabad Pakistan * azharmehmood35@yahoo.com Abstract District Tor Ghar lies on the western most edge of the Himalayan Range of Mountains. Grasses have greater importance in the area of Tor Ghar, where most of the people are dependent on agriculture and livestock. The floristic survey of the District was carried out during 2012-13. Plants belonging to family Poaceae were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality, i.e., habitat, habit, subfamilies, scientific and local names were recorded for each species. A mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. The results of this study were arranged according to latest format and classification system proposed by GPWG (2001). During this study total of 73 plant species belonging to 54 genera and 6 subfamilies were identified. Among the subfamilies, Panicoideae is best represented in the District Tor Ghar (44%). It includes 32 plant species in 23 genera. The pooidae was the second largest subfamilies which contributed 27 grasses (37%) belong to 19 genera. Other subfamilies include Chloridoideae representing 12% of the total plant species belong to family Poaceae. It has 9 species of grasses belong to 08 genera. The Subfamilies Arundinoideae and Aristidoideae each have 02 species, and subfamily Bambusoideae includes only one species. Genera which have the highest number of plant species in the study area were, Poa (04), Digitaria (04), Chrysopogon (03), Lolium (03) and Agrostis (03) species. Overall 27 annuals grass species (37 %) and 46 perennials grass species (63%) were reported. It is thought that the present study will provide baseline to the researchers to observe the Poaceae diversity and to protect the biodiversity and gene sources of the area. This investigation is a part of an ongoing project in which we will explore plant communities and ecological as well as anthropogenic gradients of the regional flora in the near future.
- 42. 43 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Presence of TbLCV in Tobacco Crop Grown in Mansehra Aziz-ud-Din1 , Bushra Mubarak1 , Shahid Hameed2 and Habib Ahmad1 1 Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 2 Plant Virology, Crop Diseases Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Tobacco is one of the important cash crop of many countries in the world including Pakistan. It is widely grown in Mansehra and is one of top cash crop of the region. It belongs to family Solanaceae also called night shade family. Among biotic component viral infection causes severe yield loss to tobacco crop. The most important and most widespread of these is Tobacco leaf curl disease (TbLCD) caused by Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus (TbLCV). TbLCV belongs to genus Begomovirus and family Geminivirideae. Begomoviruses cause infection in a number of cultivated and non-cultivated dicotyledonous plants such as tomato, egg plant, cotton, peach, squash and tobacco -and they are linked with great economical losses. Here in this study, symptomatic tobacco samples that showed leaf curl like symptoms having twisted and yellow leaves were collected from the farmers’ tobacco fields at Mansehra. For the detection of virus, molecular technique (DAC-ELISA) was performed and the presence of the virus was detected. Furthermore, A set of primers was designed for the amplification of the coat protein gene of TbLCV. Polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of coat protein gene was done using gene specific primers i-e TbLCV-F and TbLCV-R. A fragment of app. 795 bp was amplified using the extracted DNA as template. This study was an effort to identify tobacco leaf curl virus accountable for causing the tobacco leaf curl disease in this area. The result of this research conformed the presence of TbLCV in tobacco growing areas of District Mansehra.
- 43. 44 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Impact Assessment of edaphic and topographic variables on plant species composition of the Peochar Valley District Swat Pakistan; A step towards Ecological Modeling of the Hindu Kush Forests Aziz Ur Rahman1 , Ahmad Hussain2 , Shujaul Mulk Khan3* , Muhammad Imran4 , Zahidullah5 Hamayun Shaheen6 and 1 Department of Environmental Science, University of Haripur Pakistan 2 Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur Pakistan 3 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 4 Department of Statistics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 5 Center of Biodiversity, University of Swat Pakistan 6 Department of Botany AJ&K University Muzafarabad Pakistan * shuja60@gmail.com Abstract The valleys in the Hindu Kush range of mountains are among the regions where vegetation diversity and composition of certain regions have not been evaluated in relation to environmental variables. This research project formulated to measure the effect of environment on species composition. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were adapted. Sizes of quadrat were determined for trees, shrubs and herbs 10×10m2 , 2×5m2 , 1×1 m2 and respectively. Twenty Seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on various aspect slopes of the valleys. Floristic composition such as density, cover and frequency for all the species were recorded in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley host 120 species. Specie abundance and environmental data matrices were treated in CANOCO software version 4.5 to evaluate and model the environmental gradient of vegetation through Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA). Results showed that among all the environmental variables elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, deep soil and rocky soil show significant effect on species composition and diversity (P-value 0.0120). Our results also identify the dominant and rare plant species in each sort of habitats. Conservation measures for the whole flora of this valley in general and rare species in particular is recommended.
- 44. 45 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Isolation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Natural Products from Artemisia and their biological activity Bakhtiar Muhammad*1 , Raza Shah2 , Fazal Rahim1 , Fahad Khan1 and Ishtiaq1 1 Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 2 ICCBS, HEJ Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi * yousafzaibm@gmail.com Abstract In Pakistan the genus Artemisia is represented by 25 species, which are used for different purposes including food, ornamental, fumigants as well as in folk medicine. We have isolated, characterized and carried out the biological activity of two species of Artemisia i.e. Artemisia persica and A. roxburghiana. Both species are distributed in the temperate regions of Pakistan, China, India, Nepal and Afghanistan. In Pakistan the species are found Hazara, Azad Kashmir and Kurram agency. These species used in the current analysis were collected from Mansehra. A. persica is used for the treatment of leprosy, hysteria, asthma, scabies and ulcer in the body. It is also used as a tonic febrifuge, vermifuge, antipyretic antimalarial, antiheptitic, antiulcerogenic and antisplasmodic in the ancient times. A. roxburghiana is employed in the treatment of malaria, diabetes, and helminthes. Plant extract is also used as antihelmintic, termittent, antipyretic and skin allergies. Dried plant material is used for intestinal worms, skin and eye diseases. Plant extract is used for treatment of cuts and wounds. Roots of the plant are used for the treatment of piles and secretion of insulin to cure diabetes. Eleven (11) compounds were isolated from A. persica in which 1-9 and 11 were previously reported from various other sources. While, compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for second time and compound 10 is newly isolated. Screening of the crude extract against antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxicity of samples shows significant activity at higher concentration. These compounds were identified by sophisticated spectrophotometers (1 H, 13 C and GC-MS), which included three coumarines, two sterol, four flavonoids and two guaianolides. Twelve (12) compounds were isolated from A. Roxburghiana that included four triterpenes, two flavones, two coumarines, one-sterol glycosides, two fatty acids and one alcohol. These compounds were characterized by the same spectroscopic methods and were named as Lupeol (1), Taraxeryl acetate (2), Betulin (3), Betulinic acid (4), Apeginn-7,4-dimethyl ether (5), 7-hydroy-4-methoxy flavone (6), Scopoletin (7), 6-7-dimethoxy coumarin (8), β- Sistosterol glucoside (9), Stearic acid (10), Docosanoic acid (11) and n-Nonacosanol (12)
- 45. 46 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Floristic Composition and Biological Spectrum of Village Palangzai, Miran Shah, North Waziristan Dilawar Jan and Zahir Muhammad Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Abstract A study was conducted to assess the floristic composition and biological spectrum of village Palangzai, Miran Shah, North Waziristan during 2013-2014. The floristic diversity consists of 130 species belonging to 51 families. Based on the number of species, Poaceae and Asteraceae with (12 spp. each) and Solanaceae with (10 spp) were the dominating families. Followed by Lamiaceae and Papilionaceae with (6 spp. each), Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae with (5 spp. each). The remaining families had less than 5 species, each. Life forms indicate that Therophytes with 66 species (50.76%) and Microphanerophytes with 23 species (17.69%) were the dominating life forms. The rest of the life forms were Chamaephytes 16 species (12.30%), Hemicryptophytes 11 species (8.46%), Nannophanerophytes 8 species (6.15%) and Geophytes 6 species (4.61%). Leaf size spectra revealed that Nanophylls with 43 species (33.07%); Microphylls, 38 species (29.23%) and Mesophylls, 23 species (16.92%) were the major leaf size classes. Leptophylls with 21 species (16.15%); Megaphyll, 3 species (2.30%); Aphyllous, 2 species (1.53%) and Macrophyll with only one specie (0.76%) were the remaining leaf size classes. Nanophylls, Microphylls and Mesophylls were the most prevalent leaf sizes, which indicate the xeric nature of the area.
- 46. 47 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Taxonomic survey of Odonata (Damselflies and Dragonflies) Fauna of Upper Swat Fazlullah1* , Muhammad Saeed1 , Ahmad Zia2 1 University of Haripur 2 National Agriculture Research Council Islamabad * ento_hu@yahoo.com Abstract A taxonomic work was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons (2012 and 2013). Adults of Odonata (damselflies and dragonflies) from ten different sites of the Upper Swat were collected with the objectives to contribute to the knowledge of the Swatian fauna of odonata, to provide an updated checklist of species occurring in the locality and to describe the patterns of species distribution within this area. The selected area (Upper Swat) was surveyed during both years. The whole collection yielded a total of 500 specimens carrying 32 species identified under 2 sub-orders, 10 families and 22 genera, including one new record for Pakistan. Among them 10 species were of damselflies and 22 were dragonflies. The damselflies were belonging to 5 famlies and 8 genera while the dragonflies were belonging to 5 families and 15 genera. Allogaster parvistigma (Neallogaster ornate) was first time recorded from Pakistan. So one species have been added to the existing odonata fauna of Pakistan.
- 47. 48 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Allelopathic Effects of Different Weed Extracts on the Germination and Growth of Oryza Sativa L. Farooq Ahmad*, Rabia Illyas and Rabia Mubarak Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore * farooq.ghumman1@yahoo.co.uk Abstract The germination and growth of twenty varieties of rice were analyzed after treating with the distilled water (control) and aqueous weed extract of different native weeds of upland areas of Pakistan; Cyperus rotundus, Trianthema aportulacastrum, Convolvulus arvensis and Parthenium hysterophorus. The whole weed plants from different rice fields were collected, shade dried and crushed. The crushed powder was soaked in the distilled water for 24 hrs, filtered and diluted in distilled water by making the final volume up to 100 ml (10% w/v). T1 was prepared by mixing equal amounts of Cyperus rotundus and Parthenium hysterophorus while T2 was prepared by mixing equal amounts of Convolvulus arvensis and Trianthema aportulacastrum. For germination test, germination plate method of seed germination was used and blotter paper was moistened with different combinations of weed extract and for control distilled water was used. Observations were recorded after 24 hrs interval for up to 8 days. After germination, seedlings were allowed to grow for a week and then their radical and plumule length as well as fresh and dry weight was recorded. Results showed the more drastic effects of T2 on rice germination and seedling growth as compared to T1. Germination rate of rice was most severely affected by the T2 with the exception of IRRI-6 which was affected by T1 more adversely. These studies can be applied to encourage the weed removal practices to increase the rice production. Keywords: allelopathy, Cyperus rotundus, Trianthema aportulacastrum, Convolvulus arvensis, Parthenium hysterophorus, seedling growth.
- 48. 49 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Molecular screening of Pakistani wheat germplasm for leaf rust resistance Farmanullah, * Inamullah, Habib Ahmad, M. Sajjad Iqbal, Shabana Aziz, Hayat Khan, Sobia Mahreen, Israr Ahmad, Ikram Muhammad Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan * drinamullah34@gmail.com Abstract Molecular screening of fifty two Pakistani wheat germplasm was carried out for leaf rust resistance genes Lr37, Lr46, Lr47, lr50 and Lr51. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers for five leaf rust resistance genes were used. This polymorphic assessment revealed that out 52 genotypes Lr37 was found in 15 genotypes viz. 010818, 010821, 010819, 010879, 010814, 011876, 010759, 010725, 010755, 010780, 010740, 010743, Lasani08, Gomal, Kaghan93. Lr46 was detected in 09 genotypes namely; 010819, 010814, 010875, 010730, 010816, 010718, 010732, Uqab2000, Pak-81. Lr47 was also found in 09 genotypes as; 011882, 010879, 010771, 010755, Faisalabad08 , Gomal, Suliman96, KT-2000, Kaghan 93. Lr50 was found in ten genotypes namely; 010879, 010878, 010730, 010815, 010877, 010771, 010743, Faisalabad08, Atta habib, PS-85. Lr51 was found in 15 wheat genotypes as; 011882, 010821, 010814, 010875, 010813, 010877, 010803, 010772, 010732, 010809, 010717, 010810, 010759, 010725, Faisalabad08, Atta Habib. The genotypes 010879, 010814 and Faisalabad 08 having maximum number resistant genes are recommended for incorporation in rust resistance breeding. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in Pakistani wheat germplasm will help in accelerating the breeding of resistant varieties and pyramiding disease resistance genes. Keywords: Wheat, leaf rust, germplasm, Lr genes, screening.
- 49. 50 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Guli Bagh: The Last Capital of Turk Rulers at Pakhli and Its Monuments (their problem of conservation) Mansehra, Pakistan Fazal Muhammad and Shakirullah Research Scholar, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan Abstract Guli Bagh is located about 23 km north-west of Mansehra town and is known to have been the capital of a state known in medieval period as Pakhli. This is defined by Abu al-Fazl, the famous historian of the Mughal emperor Akbar, the Great, as comprising the whole of the hill territory between Kashmir in the east and the Indus on the west. To Pakhli also belonged the lower valley of the Kishanganga and the valley of the streams which flow into the latter from the Kajnag range and the mountains to the northwest of Kashmir proper. Whether Urasa also formed a part of it, is not known for certain but its proximity to Pakhli suggests that it must have been Guli Bagh is naturally protected by high mountains of Tanglai, located on its east and north, while from south and west it is protected by River Siran. The total land of Guli Bagh is 10,000 acre in which the hilly occupied about 4,000 acre and the remaining 6,000 acre is used for cultivation and residential purposes. The monuments and architectural remains in the Guli Bagh area are consists of Fort Feroza ruins, Ditch around the fort, tomb of Sultan Kurd, part of Turkish Court, tomb of Dewan Raja Baba, Shrine of Bahadur Baba, Shrine of Masoom Baba, Shrine of Sat Warwaon Wali Ziyarat, old graveyard, Spring (natural), Well and reservoirs. All these monuments and architectural remains are in a very bad state of preservation and mostly going to decade with the twirl of time, need proper concentration for conservation and preservation. An attempt has been made in the present paper to bring in limelight these ignored of the very significant part of the history of this area
- 50. 51 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 The traditional uses of the plants in wound-healing were rationalized on the basis of their antioxidant capacity Fozia bibi1 , Habib Ahmad2 , Rizwana Aleem Qureshi3 , Shujaul Mulk1 , Sadia Tabassum4 1Department Botany Hazara University Mansehra 2Department Genetics Hazara University Mansehra 3Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad 4Department of Zoology Hazara University Mansehra Abstract Mountainous regions of Himalayas are rich not only in medicinally important plant species but also in traditional knowledge. An ethno botanical survey was carried out to collect information regarding the various indigenous uses, especially the medicinal plants in Tanawal valley. A total of 83 taxa are reported as being used locally for various purposes. Our results suggest that root and leaves are the major plant parts used in most of the recipes. Majority of the recipes are prepared in the form of decoction from freshly collected plant parts. Mostly a single species is used and are mainly taken orally. All of these plants are collected from the wild, based upon informants’ knowledge eight frequently available plants were selected to observe antioxidant potential in them. The extracts of these plants were then evaluated for antioxidant activity with DPPH. This study revealed that highest activity shown by plant Nasturtium officinale Achyranthus aspera Tegetes erecta and Pistacia integrrima while Daphne oleoides shows its maximum activity with 100μgm/ml. All the plants show a significant extent of antioxidant activity at 25μgm/ml. It is clearly revealed that all the selected plant species have a great potency to show the antioxidant activities in them.
- 51. 52 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Ethnobotanical Studies of Wild Edible Plants of the Lesser Hinalayas, Pakistan Ghulam Mujtaba Shah1*, Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2 , Manzoor Hussain1 , Habib Ahmed3 , Muhammad zafar4 and Shujaul Mulk Khan1 1 Department of Botany Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan 3 Department of Genetics Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 4 Department of Plant Sciences, Quid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan * gmujtabashah72@yahoo.com Abstract Wild edible plants (WEPs) are an important source of vegetables, fruits, tubers and nuts which are relevant for many people in ensuring food security and balancing the nutritional value of diets. The present investigation was carried out to assess the ethnobotanical studies of some selected wild edible fruits and vegetables used by the inhabitants Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. The Lesser Himalayas, lies between 33º-30' to 33º-50'north latitude and 72º-33' and 74º-05' east longitude (Hussain & Ilahi, 1991). Informed consent semi-structured interviews from 95 inhabitants of fifteen mountainous vicinities were conducted to collect data. A total of 50 wild edible fruits and vegetables belonging to 30 families and 25 genera were documented. Among wild edible fruits Berberis lycium, Carissa opaca, Ficus carica, Ficus palmata, Ficus gloumerata, Pyrus pashia. Pyrus communis and Ziziphus nummularia express extreme citation; while Malva neglecta, Nastutium officinale, Bauhinia variegata, Amaranthus viridis and Solanum nigrum were among the most popular wild edible vegetables. Gathering, processing and consuming wild edible plants are still experienced in all explored areas. The tradition of using wild palatable plants is still practiced in the rural populations of Lesser Himalayas, but is declining. Consequently, documentation of this traditional knowledge is pressing and vital for next generation.
- 52. 53 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Ethnobotanical Study of some Flowering Plants in Laspure Vally, District Chitral – Pakistan *Ghulam Qadir, *Jan Alam and **Habib Ahmad *Department of Botany, Hazara University **Department of Botany, Hazara University Abstract This paper deals with the indigenous uses of 47 flowering plants of Laspur Valley, Chital District. These species distributed in 26 families and 44 genera. Asteraceae was the largest family with 7 species (14.89%), followed by Rosaceae with 4(8.51%) species. In the rest of families, less than 3 species (6.38%) per family were recorded. Leaves of 45 plants were used for medicinal purposes. Similarly roots of 24 taxa and fruit / flowers of 22 taxa were used, while 22 taxa were used as whole plant for different purposes. About 30 species were as fodder, 26 medicinal purposes, 7 for hatching, 7 as fire wood, 5 as timber, 5 as vegetable, 3 fencing, 3 furniture 5 agricultural purposes while 4 used for making handy craft instrument. Further study is required to quantify the availability of plants which are important traditionally for various purposes. Keywords: Traditional uses, Laspur, Chitral
- 53. 54 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Medicinal flora and conservation issues of plant resources of Kumrat Valley, Dir Kohistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan Gul Jan1* , Habib Ahmad2 and RafiUllah Khan1 1 Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 2 Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan * drguljanhu@gmail.com Abstract Pakistan is blessed with rich natural resources, diverse environmental conditions and over six thousand plant species of flowering plants species. The conventional utilization of natural resources in the Valley reflects a way of maintaining biological diversity in the mountains by the local inhabitant. Medicinal plants always played a key role in the lives of the local people for many reasons like traditional values and due to the limited access to healthcare. The aim of this study was to judge the use of the forests by the local inhabitant in Kumrate Valley in the modern world. In this paper lists the ethnobotanically important plant species of the area. A study was conducted to elaborate the ethnobotanical profile of medicinal plants of Kumrate valley and analyze the potential and problems of the area. Ethnobotanical studies were conducted from May 2012 to August 2013. Intensive exploration showed that 83 plant species belongs to 43 families were used to treat different ailments. The major ailments treated with medicinal plants were digestive system (55.42%), blood circulatory system (19.20%), urinary system, (16.00%) and respiratory system (14.00%). The ailments linked with the skeletal systems and skin were 12.04% and 13.25% respectively. The used value showed that Aconitum violaceum (UV = 0.68), Achillea millefolium (UV = 0.67), Berberis lycium (UV = 0.64), Viola betonicifolia (UV = 0.64), Paeonia emodi (UV=0.63) and Valeriana jatamansi (UV = 0.62) are highly medicinal plants used in the area. The results also showed that in the local recipes the leaves were used in 23 %, fruits (22%), whole plant (14 %) and seeds (13%). These plants require conservation for future germplasm from the area before their extinction. It has been revealed that due to several factors the plants do not exist in their natural habitats due to over grazing, ruthless cutting of forest resources has been endangered by unawareness of natural and forest resources. Major causes of the loss of forests degradation is poverty. Care of natural resources will help to alleviate poverty. The threatened plant species require conservation for future germplasm from the area before their extinction. Keywords: Ethnobotanical uses, Medicinal plants, Conservation issues
- 54. 55 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Identıfıcatıon of Fragrance Gene in some elıte advance Lınes of Rıce Cultıvated in Foothılls of the Himalayas Hamıd Alı1 , Fıda Muhammad Abbası1 , Habıb Ahmad1 , Abzar1 , Abdullah Khan1 , Muhammad Abıd Khan2 , Hıdayat Ullah1 1 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 2 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan * biotechd.ali@gmail.com Abstract A molecular survey was conducted for the identification of fragrance (fgr) gene in advance lines of rice. STS marker RG 28L was used in this study that amplified 140 and 120 bp fragment in aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes, respectively. Among the cultivated varieties Basmati-385 and Swat-1 showed the presence of fgr gene (140 bp amplicon) while IRBB59, JP-5, Fakhre Malakand, and IR24 were lacking this gene. Among the advance lines 12 genotypes showed the presence of fgr gene (140), two genotypes (NPT-86 and Line 36) were segregating while the remaining 16 genotypes were lacking this gene. Thus more than one third of advance lines used in this study showed fgr gene and were categorized as aromatic.
- 55. 56 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Dısturbed Regeneratıon Patterns and Underlyıng Factors in Subtropıcal and Moıst Temperate Forests of Kashmır Hımalayas Hamayun Shaheen1* , Shujaul Mulk Khan2 , Zahidullah3 1 Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 2 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 3 Department of Botany, University of Swat Pakistan * hamayunmaldial@yahoo.com Abstract Forest regeneration pattern was investigated in western Himalayan moist temperate and subtropical forest sites in Bagh district, Kashmir. The anthropogenic pressure in terms of live stock grazing and tree felling intensity was investigated. Anthropogenic stimuli were significantly correlated with retarded forest regeneration patterns. A very low regeneration values of 121 seedlings/ha was recorded for the whole area. Subtropical forests showed a relatively higher regeneration value of 211/ha as compared to 119/ha in moist temperate forest sites. A very low tree/stump ratio of 1.62 was recorded for the forest stands showing immense lumbering activity. Available grazing area per grazing unit was extremely low, calculated as 0.16 ha only. A gradual decline in tree felling and grazing intensity was observed with increasing altitude and distance from settlements; followed with an increase in seedling count. Keywords: Forest regeneration, Seedling count, stem/stump ratio, grazing area
- 56. 57 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 The Ethnobotany of Sarban Hills Abbottabad, Pakistan with certain Folk Recipes Farhana Ijaz, Zafar Iqbal*, Jan Alam, Inayat Ur Rahman, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Shafiul Manan Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan * Zafar.hu@yahoo.com Abstract An ethno botanical survey was carried out to collect information regarding the various indigenous uses, especially the medicinal plants of Sarban hills. A total of 30 taxa are reported as being used locally for various purposes. Our results suggest that root is the major plant part used in most of the recipes. Majority of the recipes are prepared in the form of decoction, infusion and poultices from freshly collected plant parts. Some species are used directly. All of these collected plants are wild. Unsustainable collection methods, overgrazing, and deforestation are the main causes of the reduction of local flora. As the inhabitants of the area still depend on medicinal plants for majority of their complaints, therefore loss of these plant resources will, badly affect the existing healthcare system in the area. Proper awareness among the local peoples of the Sarban area is very necessary. Keyword: Sarban recipe, Overgrazing, Detoxification, Medicinal Plant.
- 57. 58 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Iron Weed (Vernonıa anthelmıntıca) As a Renewable Oıl Seed Crop in Pakıstan Ishtıaq Ahmad1* , Habıb Ahmad2 , Shujaul Mulk Khan3 1 Center of Plant Biodiversity and Conservation, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 2 Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 3 Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan * ishtiaqmatta@gmail.com Abstract Iron Weed (Vernonia anthelmintica) is an important medicinal and industrial oil seed plant of the family Astersceae. It has immense potential for cultivation as commercial medicinal and oilseed crop on marginal lands, particularly in the semi-arid agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan. Apart from its local use as medicinal plant, its seed contain sufficient amount of epoxy oils which is used in plastics and additive industries to form a clear, tough, rubbery coatings on metal. It can be used as a drying agent for resin paints that improve heat and light stability.
- 58. 59 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Medicinal plants biodiversity used for Diabetes in District Kotli of Himalayan Range, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Iram Akhlaq, Mushtaq Ahmad*1 , Muhammad Zafar1 , Shazia Sultana1 and Ghulam Yaseen1 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan * mushtaqflora@hotmail.com Abstract Diabetes has become a serious issue of every country and it threatens the health and economic prosperity of people. Pakistan has seventh highest number of diabetics in the world so it is a major health problem of Pakistan. Present research work therefore is based on an ethno botanical survey conducted first time for enlisting of medicinal plants used in phytotherapy of diabetes among the rural communities of District Kotli, Azad and Jammu Kashmir. A total of 36 plant species belonging to 31 genera and 18 families have been documented by 50 diabetic patients of area. The collected information was arranged in alphabetical order of Plant Botanical name, Family with local or common name and mode of use is listed. The most cited families in terms of number of species are Cucurbitaceae (5), Rutaceae (5), Brassicaceae (3) while Alliaceaea, Meliaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosceae, Moraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae were represented with two species and rest were represented with one species each. Fruit (45%) were most used plant parts followed by Seeds and Leaves (19%), Root (7%), Bulb (5%), Bark (3%) and whole plant (2%). Herbs were dominant (58%) followed by Trees (33%), Shrubs (6%) and climbers (3%). Mode of utilization were mostly Chewed (24%) followed by Infusion (16%), Powder (16%), Extract (13%), Cooked (13%), Paste (11%), Juice (5%) and Gel (2%). Besides the study also highlights socio-economic aspects of inhabitants of area. Phytotherapy in Kotli District is mostly followed by old aged people of area so continuous efforts are required for its establishment on large scale in area. A multidisciplinary approach on regional level is required for proper management of Diabetes in District Kotli. Keywords: Medicinal plants, biodiversity, Diabetes, Himalayan Range, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- 59. 60 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Reassessment of Mentha Species from Kunhar River Catchment using Morphological and Molecular Markers Israr Ahmad*1 , Habıb Ahmad1 , Sajıdulghafoor1 , Inam Ullah1 , Ajmal Iqbal3 and Shah Hussaın2 1 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 2 Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan, 3 Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Pakistan, * iabotany32@gmail.com Abstract Twenty five mint (Mentha) samples collected from catchment of river Kunhar. Quantitative trait analysis was done using Minitab software. The 22 morphological traits divided the twenty five menthe samples into 4 clusters as A, B, C and D. Cluster A showed 97% similarity (Mentha Longifolia), cluster B alos showed similarity index of 97% (Mentha. arvensis), cluster C consist of (Mentha. arvensis) and cluster D revealed 90% similarity (Mentha. royleana).eleven randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used for molecular study. RAPD markers showed greater level of genetic diversity from 0-100%. Mentha royleana need more primers for proper discrimination upto sub species and variety level. Keywords: Dendrogram, DNA, Mentha, PCR, RAPD, Trait
- 60. 61 Pharmacologyonline Supplementary Issue - ISSN: 1827-8620 1 st ISHP 2 0 1 4 Mosses of Kashmir Himalaya: Diversity, Conservation Status and Future Challenges Jan Alam1 , Abdul Majid1 , Mazhar-ul-Islam1 , Kifayat Ullah1 and Habib Ahmad2 1 Department of Botany, Hazara University 2 Department of Genetics, Hazara University Abstract A thorough review of the previously published literature about mosses of Kashmir Himalaya reveals 254 species distributed in 108 genera and 36 families. Pottiaceae is the largest family with 49 species (19.29%), Bryaceae and Brachytheciaceae come to next with 23 (9.05%) and 17 (6.69%) species respectively. In the remaining families, 14 have 5to 15 species and 16 have less than 5 species. Like-wise for genera, Orthotrichum is the largest genus with 15 species (13.88%). Brachythecium is the second largest genus with 11species (10.18%) and Bryum is the third largest genus having 10 species (9.25%). About 5 species seems to be endemic for the study area. Conservation status of few species has been evaluated in occupied (Indian portion) Kashmir, while in Azad Kashmir, very little collection has been done in some selected localities of the region. Further inventory is extremely needed along investigation of their conservation status. Keywords: Mosses, Kashmir Himalaya, Conservation Status