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Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea
- 1. SUBMITTED BY COURSE TEACHER POORANI. S Dr. S. PARTHASARATHY ID. No. 2016021031 Asst. Prof., (Plant Pathology) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore Kullapuram, Via Vaigai dam, Theni-625 562 ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICK PEA
- 2. AASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA ©https://mobile.abc.net
- 3. SIGNIFICANCE • Chickpea is the third most important food legume crop. • It is grown in 11m ha with 9 million ton production. • Ascochyta blight of chick pea is caused by fungal pathogen Phoma rabiei (formerly known as Ascochyta rabiei). • Grain yield and quality losses up to 100%.
- 4. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION • The disease is worldwide in distribution, first described in India by Butler in 1911 and occurs in epidemic forms in Punjab and Jammu. • The occurrence of AB of chickpea has been reported from 35 countries across six continents. • 20 epidemics region occurred in Pakistan, India and European countries. • In 1998 there was a serious outbreak of the disease in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales which destroyed many crops.
- 5. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA ©fao.org
- 7. SYMPTOMS • The initial symptom of the disease appears near the tip of young shoot and top most leaves. • The fungus attacks all above-ground plant parts like leaves, stems and pods at any stage of the plant growth. • But plants are most susceptible to disease during flowering. • Pale green-yellow, circular, depressed lesions appeared on leaves and pods.
- 8. SS • Elongated lesions on petioles and stem. • Stem lesions often gridle the stem of the plant. • Pycnidia may be formed on these lesions usually in concentric rings. • Infected seed may discoloured, shriveled and pycnidia may be present on such seeds.
- 10. CCONCENTRIC RINGS IN PODS ©agropedia.iitk.ac.in
- 11. IINFECTED SEEDS INFECTED STEM ©agropedia.iitk.ac.in
- 12. SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION • Kingdom :Fungi • Phylum :Ascomycota • Class :Dothideomycetes • Sub class :Pleosporomycetidae • Order :Pleosporales • Family :Didymellaceae • Genus :Ascochyta • Species :A.rabiei (Pass) Labr., (1931)
- 13. PATHOGEN CHARACTERS • Ascochyta rabiei (exists both as an anamorph (asexual) and teleomorph (sexual) Didymella rabiei. • Mycelium – pale cream coloured. • Fruiting bodies Asexual- Pycnidia Sexual- Pseudothecia
- 14. • Spores Asexual- Pycnidiospores Sexual- Ascospores • The conidia are oval to oblong, one to two celled, thin walled and hyaline but pinkish in mass and measuring 9-20 × 3-6µ. • They germinate in water with long germ tubes.
- 15. CONIDIA OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA ©agementnetwork.org
- 16. PYCNIDIA OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA ©agementnetwork.org
- 17. ©slideshare.net
- 18. DISEASE CYCLE OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA ©https:// scialert.net
- 19. EPIDEMIOLOGY MODE OF SPREAD • PRIMARY SPREAD: Seed transmission ensures random distribution of the pathogen in a field. • SECONDARY SPREAD: Conidia and ascospores are responsible for secondary spread of the disease. It may also be dispersed by rain splashes, wind, water flow and contaminated machinery.
- 20. MODE OF SPREAD: • The fungus survives on the infected seeds and plant residues. • The fungus survives for some time in the host tissue, both in the form of pycnidia and peridia and perithecia. • It is seed borne both internally and externally.
- 21. FAVOURABLE CONDITION • Temperature between 20-25ºC, leaf wetness period of 10-17 h are favourable for disease development. • The rainfall should be more than 350mm and followed by high humidity favours this disease.
- 22. MANAGEMENT • Sow disease free seed. • Removal and destruction of dead plant debris. • Follow crop rotation. • Intercrop with wheat, barley and mustard. • Grow resistant varieties like Pusa 408, Pusa 417, ICL 6328.
- 23. • Seed treatment with Carbendazim (Bavistin) @ 1g/kg of seed. • Hot water seed treatment (52ºc for 10 min) to lower the infestation. Fungicides: • Spray Mancozeb (Indofil M – 45) @ 2.5 g/lit. • Spray wettable sulphur @ 2.3 g/lit of water.
- 25. REFERENCES Singh.S.K., D.Singh and A.Kumar, 2017, Plant Diseases and Their Management, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Singh.R.S.,Vinod kumar Jain, 2018 , Plant Diseases, Scientific International (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi.