Male reproductive system

MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
By
Mr .HANAN

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• TESTES
• EPIDIDYMIS
• VAS DEFERENS
• SEMINAL VESICLES
• PROSTATE
• BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
• URETHRA


• TESTIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
- thick connective tissue capsule
- connective tissue septa divide
testis into 250 lobules
- each lobule contains 1-4
seminiferous tubules and
interstitial connective tissue
(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- produce sperm
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
- contains Leydig cells which
produce testosterone
(2) RECTUS TUBULES
(3) RETE TESTIS
(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES
(5) EPIDIDYMIS

TESTIS
• TESTIS = situated external to abdominal cavity
in scrotal sac; allows reduced
temperature below that of the body core (37oC),
this reduced temperature is important for viability
of sperm.
• The testis is covered by a dense collagenous
coat called the tunica albuginea.
• Septa extend into the testis to separate the
lobules.
• In mature testis, there is a prominent vascular
layer immediately beneath the tunica albuginea

• Most of the testis is occupied by highly
coiled seminiferous tubules.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TUNICA
ALBUGINEA

• TESTIS Med
ia
RET stinum c
E TE
STIS ontainin
g
EPIDIDYMIS

LOBULES

• The abundant seminiferous tubules all lead into the
mediastinum of the testis, separated from the rest of the
testis by the tunica albuginea as well.
• The mediastinum includes the rete testis, which lead to
the efferent ducts and then the epididymis at the
posterior aspect of the testis.
• The epididymis can be divided into three parts – the
head, the body, and the tail.
• The ductus deferens is continuous with the tail of the
epididymis.
• As mentioned before, it passes through the superficial
inguinal ring in the spermatic cord, through the inguinal
canal, exits the deep inguinal ring, and joins the duct of
the seminal vesicle to form the ejactulatory duct.

TESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

TESTIS H&E


TESTIS H&E

SEMINIFEROUS
TUBULES

INTERSTITIAL
CONN. TISSUE


• TESTIS
TUNICA VAGINALIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium
containing two basic cell populations:

(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

(2) SERTOLI CELLS


• TESTIS
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium
containing two basic cell populations:

(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS
stem cells which regularly replicate
and differentiate into mature sperm
as they migrate toward the lumen

(2) SERTOLI CELLS
nutritive and supportive cells

INTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
(1) LEYDIG CELLS
produce and release testosterone


• SPERMATOGENESIS
SPERMATOGONIA 1º SPERMATOCYTE 2º SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATIDS

SPERMATIDS

2º SPERMATOCYTE

1º SPERMATOCYTE

SERTOLI SPERMATOGONIA
CELLS

• SPERMATOGENESIS
THREE PHASES:
(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)
- spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic
divisions to provide stem cells and
cells which will proceed through
spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes)

(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)

- diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial
phase give rise to haploid cells (1n)
- Meiosis I (reduction division) &
Meiosis II (equatorial division)
- 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form
2º spermatocytes which then enter
Meiosis II and result in spermatids
(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)
- spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa

• Fully formed spermatozoa leave the seminiferous
tubules by straight tubules and enter interconnected
channels called rete testis within the mediastinum
• These flattened channels are lined with low cuboidal
epithelium. As mentioned before, the mediastinum
contains the dense connective tissue of the tunica
albuginea.

• The rete testis lead into the efferent ductules that lead
into the head of the epididymis.
• Efferent ductules have unusual serrated or scalloped
epithelial lining.
• This is due to alternating tall and short cells. Note the
cells have cilia, which beat to help move mature sperm
to the epididymis.

EPIDIDYMIS

EFFERENT DUCTULES


• EFFERENT DUCTULES

CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS

IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE
TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT
NON-CILIATED CELLS

CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS;
THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS
MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS


• EPIDIDYMIS

RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES

DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING
OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS

SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL
CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH
MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC
INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION

• Note the efferent ductules located right next to the
epididymis. They empty their contents into the head of
the epididymis, located outside the testis.
• Note the difference between the epithelia of the efferent
ductules and the epididymis.
• The long and convoluted epididymis is lined by
pseudostratified columnar epithelium (bottom right)
with stereocilia.
• Sperm is stored in the tail of the epididymis in
preparation for ejaculation.
• From there, the sperm enters the ductus deferens.

EFFERENT DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMIS

EFFERENT
DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMIS


• VAS DEFERENS

CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH
SEMINAL VESICLES

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS

SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION VIA
SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DURING
EJACULATION


• VAS DEFERENS

Seminal vesicles
• Small glands adjacent to Seminal vesicle
end of vas deferens
• Secrete an alkaline (basic)
fluid
– Has high sugar content that
helps sperm motility by giving
them a lot of energy
– This fluid is the greatest
portion of the volume of
semen released during
ejaculation



MUCOSA HIGHLY FOLDED

EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

SECRETIONS ARE HIGH IN
FRUCTOSE AND BASIC

REGULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
CONTRACTS DURING EJACULATION


EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

Prostate gland
• Walnut-sized gland at
the
base of the bladder.
• Secrete milky, alkaline
(basic) Prostate
gland
fluid that makes
up about
30% of volume
of semen
released during
ejaculation.
– Alkalinity helps counteract


• PROSTATE

SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS
WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA

PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN
CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE,
AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES


• PROSTATE

SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM


• PROSTATE

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS
- precipitation of secretory product


• PROSTATE

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS
-precipitation of secretory product,

-

• The calcified material, which is an insoluble fibrous protein, blocks
the prostatic ducts.

• This is believed to happen when the prostate cannot function
normally and the fluid it produces cannot be secreted properly or if
there has been an infection in the prostate and the pus from the
infection cannot drain properly.

• If this happens the fluids stuck in the ducts harden over time and
calcify causing little stones which block the tube where the fluids
pass out the prostate, this makes more fluid build up and causes
more stone to be made over a period of time

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition found in older men where
the prostate naturally swells to an abnormal size and shape. When
this happens it can cause the prostate to press on the urethra and
make it painful, or difficult to pass urine.
• The abnormal size is what is believed to cause the prostate stones
(Corpora amylacea), because the prostate is not its normal size the
ducts cannot function properly and release the fluids down the tubes
because they become twisted or narrow from the swelling.


• URETHRA
PROSTATIC, MEMBRANOUS, SPONGY (PENILE)

Internal structure of the penis:
cross-section

NOTE:
• The glans of the penis at the tip, connected to the bulb
via the corpus spongiosum. The corpus cavernosum
is on both sides, connected to the ischial tuberosity.
• The superficial dorsal, and lateral superficial veins
underneath the skin but outside the tunica albuginea.
• he deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery, and dorsal nerve
within the tunica albuginea.
• The deep artery within the corpus cavernosum.
• The urethra within the corpus spongiosum.

PENIS

CC CC

URETHRA

CS

PENIS

ERECTILE
BODIES

- The two corpora cavernosa and single corpus
spongiosum form the erectile tissue of the penis.
-Note on the top left panel the trabeculae and irregular
venous spaces.
-During an erection, blood flow enters the erectile
tissue via arteries, fill the venous spaces, and stay
there due to obstructed venous outflow.
-

Male reproductive system

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Editor's Notes