This document discusses the criteria and methods of Sweda Karma (sweating therapy) in Ayurveda. It defines Sweda Karma as a regulated sweating process using direct or indirect heat. Sweating helps eliminate waste from the body. Sweda Karma is classified into different varieties based on the method of applying heat like Taapa Sweda, Ushma Sweda, Upanaha Sweda, and Drava Sweda. The document outlines the standard operating procedures for Sweda Karma and modifications made to classical methods. It also discusses the selection criteria for different Sweda Karma based on dosha involvement and indications.
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Ksr swedakarma-tpt-1
1. Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Criteria and Methods
of Sweda Karmaof Sweda Karma
Dr KSR PrasadDr KSR Prasad
On 12-12-2016@CME on Panchakarma at
SV Ayurveda College TirupathiSV Ayurveda College, Tirupathi
1
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
2. Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Learning ObjectivitiesÂ
C it i f l ti f it bl⢠Criteria for selection of suitableÂ
sweda karma in various diseasesÂ
⢠Enumeration of the most beneficial⢠Enumeration of the most beneficialÂ
sweda karma
⢠Standard operational procedure of⢠Standard operational procedure ofÂ
sweda karmaÂ
⢠Modified sweda karma visâĂ âvis⢠Modified sweda karma visâĂ âvisÂ
classical methodsÂ
⢠Pinda sweda varieties withPinda sweda varieties withÂ
indications and rationalityÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
3. I d i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
IntroductionÂ
i i d fi d â h f h⢠Sweating is defined as âThe process of theÂ
sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluidâÂ
or simply âBeing wet with perspirationâ
⢠How a physiological process is brought p y g p g
forward as âtherapeuticâ in Ayurveda longÂ
long ago is a big questiong g g q
⢠Ayurveda a traditional health system of IndianÂ
continent brought many minute observationscontinent brought many minute observationsÂ
of common processes with therapeutic values
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
4. M l Ni h
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Mala Nirharana
⢠Sweda karma â a process of methodical andÂ
regulative sweating process with the aid of directÂ
or indirect heat that generates the sweat toÂ
eliminate the bioâwaste materials from the body y
⢠As the sweating is removing the âMalaâ (waste)Â
from the body and protective natured it may notfrom the body and protective natured, it may notÂ
be termed as putative (Shodhana) but certainly aÂ
factor to influence the elimination process infactor to influence the elimination process inÂ
purification methods of Panchakarma
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
5. Sh dh P h k
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Shodhana Panchakarma
⢠The shodhana Panchakarma are mainly fourÂ
(Charaka) and became five along with ( ) g
Raktamokshana and adopted Agnikarma also.Â
⢠The shodhana Panchakarma are capable of⢠The shodhana Panchakarma are capable ofÂ
eliminating the Dosha from Koshta onlyÂ
⢠The Koshta is mainly Gastrointestinal Tract andÂ
its attachments like â Liver, Pancreas, Kidney,its attachments like Liver, Pancreas, Kidney,Â
Heart, Lungs, etc.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
6. N l Sh dh
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
No place as Shodhana
S d i l f h â k â b⢠Swedana is only one of the âUpakramaâ but notÂ
has its place as âShodhanaâ
⢠It clearly states that the shodhana purva karmaÂ
and upakrama are differentÂ
⢠It is to understand that the Upakrama is Shamana
and the Shodhana purva Swedana is adjunct toÂ
shodhana
⢠Thus we derive three terms â Purva KarmaÂ
Swedana, Upakrama (Shamana) Swedana andÂ
Paschat Karma Swedana
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
7. S i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Sweat is âŚ
i h b f h h i⢠Either because of weather or any heatingÂ
mechanism like steam or due to exercise orÂ
fever even the body temperature is raisedÂ
and sweat is released through ducts of skin.Â
⢠It moistens the surface of body and cools theÂ
individual down as it evaporates.p
⢠Sweat is made mostly of water, but about 1Â
percent of sweat is a combination of saltspercent of sweat is a combination of saltsÂ
and fat.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
8. C i i f l i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Criteria for selection
⢠The Salt and Fat of the body are regulatedÂ
through temperature to sweatÂ
⢠The criteria of selection of different sweda
mentioned in texts or adaptations and newmentioned in texts or adaptations and newÂ
trends and developments is not a simple taskÂ
A di th d f i ti f th ti t⢠Ayurvedic method of examination of the patientÂ
and the DoshaâDushya randomization and itsÂ
i l i i i l d i f himpact analysis is essential to determine for theÂ
selection of Swedana method for better resultsÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
9. F i f S d l i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Functions of Swedana vs selection
M i f ti f S d k⢠Main functions of Sweda karma are â
â Sthambhagna â stiffness is removedÂ
⢠Commonly cramps muscle stiffness are observed in Vata⢠Commonly â cramps, muscle stiffness are observed in Vata
vyadhi viz. Grudhrasi, Manyasthambha, etc.Â
â Gouravahara â heaviness is removedÂ
⢠Heaviness is a symptom of Kapha in diseases like â obesityÂ
(sthoulya), circulatory collapse, pakshaghata, etc.
â Sheetaghna â coldness is removedSheetaghna coldness is removedÂ
⢠All cold intolerance diseases viz. Hypothyroidism,Â
Hypopitutarism, Rynaudâs Phenomenon, SLE, etc.Â
S d i d t i tiâ Swedana â inducts perspirationÂ
⢠All the people of Hypohydrosis viz. Diabetes, Alcoholism,Â
Kampavata, Amyloidosis, etc.Â
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
10. S l i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Salt retentionÂ
⢠In salt retention diseases, edema occursÂ
primarily because of the body's retention of p y y
too much salt (sodium chloride).Â
⢠The excess salt causes the body to retain⢠The excess salt causes the body to retainÂ
water, which then leaks into the interstitialÂ
htissue spaces, where it appears as edema.Â
⢠Few medications also can cause pittingFew medications also can cause pittingÂ
edema.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
11. F i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Fat retentionÂ
k f h i l i i d d h id⢠Lack of physical activity or decreased thyroidÂ
activity, increased production of the adrenalÂ
h ti l d i t t th hhormone cortisol, and resistance to the hormoneÂ
insulin can be causes of abnormal weight gain orÂ
fat depositionsfat depositionsÂ
â First system is Endoâcannabinoid system that storesÂ
fat to use as reserve energyfat to use as reserve energy
â The second system involves the enzyme AMP kinase
normally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releasesnormally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releasesÂ
the stored energy. Inactivity of AMP kinase results inÂ
to fat depositions. Â
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
12. Diff f f E i i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Different factors of ExaminationÂ
⢠Examine a patient thoroughly for â
â the Sweda indications told in Samhita
â Hot intolerance causes (contra indications)
⢠Anxiety⢠AnxietyÂ
⢠HyperthyroidismÂ
⢠Menopause⢠MenopauseÂ
⢠Multiple sclerosisÂ
⢠Cancer⢠CancerÂ
⢠Peripheral /Autonomous neuropathyÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
13. Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Enumeration of theÂ
Most beneficial sweda karma
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
14. S d V i i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Swedana VarietiesÂ
S h t I id th l t t i tifi⢠Sushruta, I consider the latest scientificÂ
compendium of Ayurveda classify Swedana as â
Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through anyâ Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through anyÂ
material â cloth, metallic vessels, hands, etc. Â
â Ushma sweda â (bhaspa) It is done with water steam ( p )
either through a nozzle or in a vessel Â
â Upanaha sweda â material applied (lepa) or tied overÂ
surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda)surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda)Â
for sudationÂ
â Drava sweda âliquids are used here for submergingDrava sweda liquids are used here for submergingÂ
(Avagaha) or pouring (parisheka) or showeringÂ
(Varshulika)
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
15. i b d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Enumeration based on TemperatureÂ
T d (28 32 d ) D liâ Taapa sweda:Â (28â32Â degrees)Â Delicate,Â
soft skinned people or people requiredÂ
low to medium temperature constantlylow to medium temperature constantlyÂ
for longer duration or for the Rasa, Rakta
diseasesdiseasesÂ
â Upanaha sweda â (32â36Â degrees)Â â
when ever âUtsedhaâ or swellings arewhen ever Utsedha  or swellings areÂ
observed Bnadhana, muscle diseasesÂ
(pseudo muscular atrophy), paralysis, etc (p p y), p y ,
where medium duration or for theÂ
Mamsa & tendon diseases  Â
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
16. i b d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Enumeration based on TemperatureÂ
D d (36 40 d ) i iâ Drava sweda â (36â40 degrees) it isÂ
commonly used for the skeletalÂ
diseases spinal diseases IVDPdiseases, spinal diseases, IVDP,Â
Ankylosis, Arthritis, etc. especially forÂ
Asthi dhatugata vyadhiAsthi dhatugata vyadhi
â Ushma sweda:Â (40â46degrees)Â commonÂ
comfortable method of steaming (wet)comfortable method of steaming (wet)Â
or hot wind (dry heat) in either openÂ
(nadi) or closed (box) methods with ( ) ( )
duration regulations for all dhatugata
diseasesÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
17. Whi h i b fi i l?
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Which is beneficial?
⢠The benefits are cumulated with â
â Space maintenance p
â Material economyÂ
Manpower requirementâ Manpower requirementÂ
â Cost effectiveness
â Season suitabilityÂ
â Person suitability y
â Disease suitabilityÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
18. Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
SOP of sweda karma âPatient
⢠Check vitals â BP, Pulse, Weight, Height, BMI
⢠Note any cardiac or skin problems are there⢠Note any cardiac or skin problems are thereÂ
⢠Enquire for the psychological interventions orÂ
h biphobia
⢠Check the condition of patients for theÂ
selection of type of swedana
⢠According to the dhatu involvement orAccording to the dhatu involvement orÂ
availability the schedule can be fixedÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
19. SOP f d k
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
SOP of sweda karmaÂ
d d l⢠Record BP and Pulse
⢠Check whether Abhyanga is done or notÂ
⢠Note whether the swedana is for Local or FullÂ
body y
⢠Check the medicine & material for the type ofÂ
swedana required â each SOP differsswedana required each SOP differsÂ
⢠Steam for the required time or till the foreheadÂ
sweating is recordedsweating is recordedÂ
⢠Record BP and Pulse
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
20. Modified Sweda karma vis Ă vis
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Modified Sweda karma visâĂ âvisÂ
classical methods
⢠Standard sweda karma are done by closed orÂ
open methodopen methodÂ
⢠Modifications are done according to the situationÂ
i d das it demands
â Use of Infra Red Lamp directlyÂ
â Infra Red lamp on Kativasti / Januvasti, etc
â Hot air blowersÂ
â Heat eliminating reflectorsÂ
â Heat transmitting colour plates (Chromato therapy)Â
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
21. Pinda sweda varieties with
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Pinda sweda varieties withÂ
indications and rationality y
ďą Pinda /Pottali is a pack of materials according top g
the condition to transmit the heat initially and
therapeutic values embedded in ittherapeutic values embedded in it
ďąGUNANUSARA â Snigdha, Rooksha, Snigha Rooksha.
ďąSTHANA BEDHA â Ekanga, Sarvanga.
ďąPRAYOGA BEDHA Mridhu Madhyama MahaanďąPRAYOGA BEDHA â Mridhu, Madhyama, Mahaan
ďąDRAVYA BHEDA â Valuka, Churns, Shastikashali, etc.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
22. Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Pinda sweda Application
⢠Preparation of Pinda
⢠Application procedureÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
23. G S d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Gunanusara Sweda
ď Snigdha sweda :- Tila, Masha, Shali, Mamsa rasa, and
Amlavarga dravya.
Used in Vatavyadhi, Vatapradhana Roga.
Eg :- Patra Pinda Sweda Shashtika Shali Pinda SwedaEg. :- Patra Pinda Sweda, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda
ď Ruksha sweda:- Purisha of cow, horse, donkey, sand
Used in Amadosha, Urustambha, Medoroga, Granthi,
Kaphaja vikara & Sashotha shoola.
Eg. :- Valuka Sweda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
24. P Pi d S d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Patra Pinda Sweda
500 L l t d di t th diti⢠500gm Leaves selected according to the condition -
Shigru, Arka, Dhattura, Chincha, Eranda, Nirgundi
Patra â
⢠25gm of Prakshepa with - Shatapushpa, Devadaru,
Rasna etc.
⢠10gm Saindhava lavana (especially in Vata or
Vatakapha vyadhi)
⢠50 l f V t h T il K tt h kk di t il⢠50ml of Vatahara Taila â Kottamchukkadi taila,
Karpura tailam, Dhanvantaram tailam, etc.
â Lemon â (Amlavarga) â Good to add in Vata vyadhiLemon (Amlavarga) Good to add in Vata vyadhi
â 100gm wet Coconut grinded â commonly used in Kerala to
induce unction
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
25. F S ifi P Pi d d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Few Specific Patra Pinda sweda
⢠PPS is a Snigdha rooksha type of sweda usedÂ
in  â Rheumatoid arthritis, Pakshaghatag
Osteoarthritis, Myalgia, Neuralgia, Lumbago,Â
Paresthesia etcParesthesia etc.Â
â Eranda patra Pinda sweda In Mootrakrichra
d h h d d b h kâ Eranda chincha patra Pinda sweda in Avabahuka
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
26. Sh ik Sh li Pi d S d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Shastika Shali Pinda Sweda
di i⢠IndicationsÂ
â Balavata (Poliomyelitis)
â Pakshaghata (Paralysis) / post polio residual paralysis
â Vatashonita
â Shosha (Emaciation)
â Vata roga associated with dhatukshaya (Neurological)
â Mamsa sosha, peripherial neuritis etc. and otherÂ
conditions which result in to atrophy of muscles.Â
â Spasticity, reduced mobility, rigidity, low backache,Â
sciatica, scoliosis,  kyphosis, arthritis, etc
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
27. SSPS d d h d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
SSPS â standard method
ďł 12 pala (600gm) - Bala
ďł 3 Aadaka (8 litres) Water
ďł 3 Prastha (2 litres) Decoction bala
ďł 1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cowâs milkďł 1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cow s milk
ďłÂ˝ Prastha (500gm) Shashtika shali
ďłďłThis makes 100gms each 5 pottali that can run by the 4
therapist at once
ďłIf minimum number of therapist (2) are working 250-300 gms
of shashtika Shali can be use to make 3 pottali
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
28. SSPS
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
SSPS
⢠There seems to have been about a hundredÂ
varieties of rice but only about 20 types are saidÂ
to be existing. Njavara is one of the 20.Â
⢠Njavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called asNjavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called asÂ
âGold With Fragranceâ , commonly red riceÂ
reaped within 60 days needed longer time toreaped within 60 days needed longer time toÂ
cook (38 min)Â
l k l d j h b d i d⢠Black glumed Njavara has been used in Ayurveda
treatment from the age of Charakaâie, BC.600.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
29. SSPS
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
SSPS
D h k d Nj i i t d f 73%⢠Dehusked Njavara rice consisted of 73%Â
carbohydrates, 9.5% protein, 2.5% fat, 1.4% ashÂ
and 1628 kJ per 100 g of energyand 1628 kJ per 100 g of energyÂ
⢠The Njavara has more carbohydrate (nonâstarchÂ
polysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy inpolysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy inÂ
nature
⢠Research CFTRI states that â 16.5% higherResearch CFTRI  states that 16.5% higherÂ
protein, Thiamine (27â32%), Riboflavin (4â25%)Â
,Niacin (2â36%) Dietary fibre 34â44%Â
⢠G. Deepa et al., Nutrient composition and physicochemicalÂ
properties of Indian medicinal rice â Njavara, FoodÂ
Chemistry 106 (2008) 165â171
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
30. V i i f Pi d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Variations of Pinda
b i d d⢠Jambeera Pinda Sweda
⢠Kukkutanda sweda
â Basically Mamsarasa, Amlavarga,Â
Lavanavarga, Vatahara Sneha (taila), g , ( ),
Doshahara dravya, Vyadhihara dravya
are the ingredientsÂ
â Any ingredients of Dosha â Vyadhi
based are used for transmitting the heatÂ
â Easily available â sand, husk, wood,Â
stone, etc materials are goodÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
31. T d
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Tapa sweda
⢠Pansa patra tapa sweda
⢠Arka patra tapa swedaArka patra tapa sweda
â Most of the time these tapa sweda are used forÂ
local heat transmittinglocal heat transmittingÂ
â It relives local stiffness and painÂ
â The leaves used are usually thick to retain heatÂ
and transmitÂ
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
32. C l i
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
ConclusionÂ
S d i l i h i di id l⢠Swedana is only sweating the individual
⢠The purpose is â
â To bring the dosha from shakha to koshta
(purvakarma)
â To relieve the stiffness (Shanama karma)Â
⢠The components involved are â
â Heating elements, Heat transmitters, Heat conversion,Â
Heat transportation, Heat elimination in the system
â Heat resistance and tolerances are also to beÂ
considered Â
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
33. h k
Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Thank You
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/