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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

520.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 210 (1789), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1074; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; A. Backlund & N. Pyck, Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; A. Backlund & N. Pyck, Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Bruxelles 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
520.2002 Genus Symphoricarpos Dill. ex Juss.; Gen. 211 (1789)
Distribution: North America, Guatemala; central China (1)
Species listed in database: 15; hybrids: 1
= Anisanthus Willd. ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: xiv (1819)
= Descliaea Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. 4: 483 (1830)
= Margaris DC.; Prodr. 4: 483 (1830)
= Symphoria Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoricarpa Neck.; Elem. Bot. 1: 129 (1790), opus utique oppr.
species :
Symphoricarpos acutus (A.Gray) Howell; Fl. N. W. Amer. 281 (1900)
Name: Sharpleaf snowberry
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos mollis var. acutus A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 2: 14 (1884)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. acutus (A.Gray) Frye & Rigg; Northw. Fl.: 366 (1912)
species :
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 48 (1872)
Name: Common snowberry (EN), Weiße Schneebeere (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Ireland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; San Marino [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Argentina [I]
10 den fin grb ire nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie slo swi 12 cis fra por spa 13 bih cro sma 14 blr est lat lit rus 32 kaz tzk uzb 51 nzl 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoria albus (L.) Raf.; New Fl. Am. 3: 21 (1836)
= Symphoria elongata (C.Presl ex DC.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 2: 3 (1841)
= Symphoria glauca Lavallée; Arb. Segrez. 142 (1877)
= Symphoria heterophylla Raf.; New Fl. Am. 3: 21 (1836)
= Symphoria leucocarpa DC.; Prod. 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoria macrocarpa Lavallée; Arb. Segrez. 142 (1877)
= Symphoria racemosa (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 162 (1813)
= Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 118 (1914), isonym
= Symphoricarpos albus f. ovatus (Späth) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 609 (1949)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. ovatus (Späth) Rehder; Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 6: 3293 (1917)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. pauciflorus (J.W.Robbins) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 119 (1914)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. pauciflorus (W.J.Rob. ex A.Gray) S.F.Blake
= Symphoricarpos elongatus C.Presl ex DC.; Prod. 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos heterophyllus C.Presl ex DC.; Prod. 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos humilis Borkh.; 1683 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos leucocarpus K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 49 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos leucocarpus M´Mahon; Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 67: 14 (1928)
= Symphoricarpos ovatus Späth; Nursery Cat. (Späth) 130: 130 (1908)
= Symphoricarpos pauciflorus (J.W.Robbins) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 105 (1894)
= Symphoricarpos pauciflorus Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer.: 281 (1900), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 107. (1803)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. pauciflorus J.W.Robbins; A. Gray, Manual, ed. 5: 203 (1867)
= Vaccinium album L.; Sp. Pl.: 350 (1753)
= Vitis-idaea alba (L.) Moench; 47 (1794)
= Xylosteon album (L.) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 5: 3 (1936 publ. 1937)
variant :
var. laevigatus (Fernald) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 119 (1914)
Distribution: Belarus [I]; Siberia [I] (W-Siberia [I]); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl.); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
14 blr 30 sib 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Caprifolium puniceum (G.Don) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 274 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Symphoria punicea G.Don; Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 80 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos albus f. laevigatus (Fernald) G.N.Jones; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 236 (1936)
= Symphoricarpos albus f. variegatus (G.N.Jones) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 659 (1949), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos albus subsp. laevigatus (Fernald) Hultén; Ark. Bot. (n. s.) 7(1): 126 (1968)
= Symphoricarpos albus subsp. laevigatus (Fernald) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland (2006), isonym
= Symphoricarpos puniceus (G.Don) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 654 (1841)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. laevigatus Fernald; Rhodora 7: 167 (1905)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. trilobus Durand; Pl. Pratten. Calif.: 89 (1855)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. variegatus G.N.Jones; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 214 (1940), no Latin descr.
= Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 41 (1927)
= Xylosteon puniceum (G.Don) Raf.; New Fl. 3: 21 (1838)
species :
Symphoricarpos guadalupensis Correll; Wrightia 4: 28 (1968)
Name: McKittrick´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Symphoricarpos guatemalensis J.K.Williams; Sida 16(2): 273 (1994)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Symphoricarpos hesperius G.N.Jones; J. Arn. Arb. 21: 220 (1940)
Name: Trailing snowberry
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos mollis subsp. hesperius (G.N.Jones) Abrams ex Ferris; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: [99] (1958)
= Symphoricarpos mollis var. hesperius (G.N.Jones) Cronquist; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C. L. Hitchc. et al.] 4: 465 (1959)
species :
Symphoricarpos longiflorus A.Gray; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 12 (1873)
Name: Desert snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos fragrans A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn.; Muhlenbergia 3: 143 (1908)
species :
Symphoricarpos microphyllus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 3: 424 (1820)
Name: Pink snowberry
Distribution: USA (New Mexico); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras
77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisanthus microphyllus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 223 (1819)
= Descliaea leucocarpa Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. 4: 483 (1830), pro syn.
= Descliaea margaritaria Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. 4: 483 (1830), pro syn.
= Margaris barbigera DC.; Prod. 4: 483 (1830)
= Margaris nudiflora DC.; Prodr. 4: 483 (1830)
= Symphoria glaucescens (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoria microphylla (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoria montana (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoricarpos glaucescens Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 424. t. 295 (1818)
= Symphoricarpos mexicanus K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 50 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos montanus Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 425. t. 296 (1818)
= Symphoricarpos toluccensis K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 49, 50 (1872)
species :
Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 2: 4 (1841)
Name: Creeping snowberry
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos acutus Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer.: 281 (1900), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos albus var. mollis (Nutt.) D.D.Keck; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25: 72 (1926)
= Symphoricarpos ciliatus Nutt.; Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 4 (1841)
species :
Symphoricarpos occidentalis (R.Br.) Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 285 (1833)
Name: Western snowberry
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoria occidentalis R.Br.; Richards. App. Frankl. 2nd J. 733 (1823)
= Symphoricarpos heyeri (Dieck) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 281 (1889)
= Symphoricarpos occidentalis var. heyeri Dieck; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 44: 562 (1888)
= Symphoricarpos occidentalis var. quercifolia A.Nelson; Coult. & Nels., Man. Bot. Rocky Mt., ed. 2: 470 (1909)
species :
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench; Methodus 503 (1794)
Name: Coralberry
Distribution: Croatia [I]; Tajikistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Coahuila)
13 cro 32 tzk 51 nzl 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Lonicera symphoricarpos L.; Sp. Pl. 175 (1753)
= Symphoria conglomerata Pers.; Syn. 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoria glomerata Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 162 (1813)
= Symphoria parviflora H.Buek; Ind. ad DC. Prod. 1: 386 (1843)
= Symphoria rubra Raf.; New Fl. 3: 21 (1838)
= Symphoria vulgaris D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 1: 783 (1839)
= Symphoricarpos conglomeratus Pers.; Syn. 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoricarpos erythrocarpus K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 98 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos glomeratus K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: I. 48 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos imberbis Tausch; Flora 21: 734 (1838)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. aureoreticulatus Zabel; Beissn. et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 445 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. leucocarpus (D.M.Andrews) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 277 (1940)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. variegatus (Cowell) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 610 (1949)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus var. spicatus (Engelm.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 669 (1911)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus var. variegatus (Cowell) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 669 (1911)
= Symphoricarpos parviflorus Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 2: 573 (1801), nom. superfl.
= Symphoricarpos spicatus Engelm. ex A.Gray; Bost. J. Nat. Hist. 6: 215 (1850)
= Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos MacMill.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 15 (1892), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos var. variegatus (Cowell) Nash; J. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 76 (1920), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 106 (1803)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. glomerata Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 143 (1877)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. leucocarpus D.M.Andrews; Nursery Cat. (Rockmount Nursery) 1926: 11 (1926)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. spicatus (Engelm.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 13 (1884)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. variegatus J.F.Cowell ex L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1758 (1902)
species :
Symphoricarpos oreophilus A.Gray; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 12 (1873)
Name: Mountain snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. oreophilus (A.Gray) M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 5: 690 (1895)
variant :
var. utahensis (Rydb.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 471 (1909)
Name: Utah snowberry
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 544 (1899)
= Symphoricarpos vaccinoides Rydb.; Mem. N. York Bot. Gard. 1: 371 (1900)
species :
Symphoricarpos palmeri G.N.Jones; J. Arn. Arb. 21: 243 (1940)
Name: Palmer´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Symphoricarpos parishii Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 545 (1899)
Name: Parish´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. parishii (Rydb.) Cronquist; Cronquist et al., Intermountain Fl., Vasc. Pl. Intermountain West, U. S. A. 4: 539 (1984)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishii (Rydb.) Dempster; Madroño 39(1): 78 (1992)
species :
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A.Gray; Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 5(6) (Pl. Wright. 2): 66 (1853)
Name: Roundleaf snowberry
Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
73 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos austiniae Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 499 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos glabratus Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 499 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos glaucus Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 497 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos montanus A.Gray; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 34: 249 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos montanus S.Watson; Bot. King´s Exped. 132 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos parvifolius Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 498 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. vaccinioides (Rydb.) A.Nelson; Coult. & Nels., Man. Bot. Rocky Mt., ed. 2: 471 (1909)
= Symphoricarpos tetonensis A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 246 (1904)
= Symphoricarpos vaccinioides Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 371 (1900)
species :
Symphoricarpos sinensis Rehder; Pl. Wilson. 1(1): 117-118 (1911)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guangxi, W-Hubei, Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Symphoricarpos ×chenaultii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 179 (1921)
Name: Bastard-Korallenbeere (DE)
Distribution: of horticultural origin; Germany [I]; etc.
11 ger
Remarks: Symphoricarpos microphyllus x orbiculatus
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life