A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill - Garry Oak Ecosystems ...

Squamanita paradoxa 

A <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Macr<strong>of</strong>ungi on Observatory Hill: 

Fall 2009 and Winter 2009/2010 

Oldriska Ceska 

1809 Penshurst Road 

Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 2N6 

March 2010

Abstract 

O. Ceska - A <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Macr<strong>of</strong>ungi on Observatory Hill: 


A <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Macr<strong>of</strong>ungi on Observatory Hill: 


Oldriska Ceska 

1809 Penshurst Road 

Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 2N6 

March 2010 

In the 2009/2010 season, forty-two visits to Observatory Hill yielded 520 species <strong>of</strong> 

macr<strong>of</strong>ungi, <strong>of</strong> which 139 were found on Observatory Hill for the first time. Since 

the start <strong>of</strong> the survey in November 2004, the total number <strong>of</strong> species that were 

recorded is 900. From the fall <strong>of</strong> 2005 to the spring <strong>of</strong> 2010, mycorrhizal species 

accounted for 15-27% <strong>of</strong> the total number found. I found that the mycorrhizal species 

on the Hill seem to be negatively affected by drought in late summer and early fall, 

more so than the non-mycorrhizal species are. Many species found on Observatory 

Hill have not been previously known in Canada. The material I collected on 

Observatory Hill since the survey began contains one and probably more undescribed 

species. Selected rare and interesting fungi are discussed in this and previous reports. 

Introduction 

Since the beginning <strong>of</strong> the 1990’s, there has been a renewed interest in the study <strong>of</strong> 

biodiversity. It was recognized that more attention should be paid to the study <strong>of</strong> 

global, national and local biodiversity. Hawksworth (2001) estimated that there were 

about 1.5 million fungal species. E.M. Fries (1825), one <strong>of</strong> the great founders <strong>of</strong> 

mycology, considered fungi equivalent to insects in terms <strong>of</strong> species number. 

Most <strong>of</strong> the inventories have been short-term, and this is inadequate when one aims 

to obtain a full list <strong>of</strong> fungal species in an area. There are several well-known sites, 

all in Europe, that have been visited by mycologists for more than 20 years. 

Kindrogen Field Centre, Perthshire, UK, was used by R. Watling for running field 

courses over 30 years. Watling (1995) observed that the number <strong>of</strong> new additional 

species started to level <strong>of</strong>f after about six years, then rose more slowly and almost 

reached a plateau after 19 years. He also concluded that the intensity <strong>of</strong> the study is 

critical to the completeness <strong>of</strong> the survey. 

The two best-known sites with long-term fungal inventories are both in England: 

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Esher Common (about 400 ha) in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve 

(about 200 ha) in Devon. Results <strong>of</strong> these field studies clearly demonstrate the need 

for long-term fungal inventories. Both these sites have been studied for more than 25 

years, but they continue to yield new, previously unrecorded species. This happens 

when new ecological niches are being examined or when more specialists visit the 

site. Since 1969, about 64 mycologists visited Slapton Ley National Reserve and 

participated in the mycological survey there. This survey yielded 2,344 species 

identified in this National Reserve by 1995 (Hawksworth 2001). In spite <strong>of</strong> the fact 

that Esher Common in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve in Devon 

are both similar in their ecology, it is estimated that only about 40 per cent <strong>of</strong> fungal 

species have been recorded in both sites. 

Kendrick (2005) discussed the rare and common occurrence <strong>of</strong> fungal species using 

results from several long-term surveys. He also included the first long-term study 

from Vancouver Island (Roberts et al. 2004). This was a five-year study <strong>of</strong> 

macr<strong>of</strong>ungi <strong>of</strong> Clayoquot Sound and I was involved in this particular study. We 

recorded 551 species, but only 28 species reoccurred in every year <strong>of</strong> this study. On 

average, we found over 100 new species in the study area every year. 

Based on a review <strong>of</strong> several long-term mycological surveys, Kendrick (2005) 

concluded that 

1) there are not many common macr<strong>of</strong>ungi that would be found every year on a 

site; 

2) there are more rarely fruiting or occasionally fruiting fungi than those that are 

common; and 

3) the investigators should anticipate moderate numbers <strong>of</strong> previously 

unrecorded species every new year <strong>of</strong> an ongoing field survey. 

For instance, in a 21-year survey <strong>of</strong> a Swiss forest, only eight species out <strong>of</strong> the total 

408 species recorded were found every year <strong>of</strong> the survey (Straatsma et al. 2001). 

Kendrick (2005) also analyzed species lists from 16 successive annual mushroom 

shows organized by the Cascade Mycological Society in Eugene, Oregon. The total 

number <strong>of</strong> species displayed in the 16 years <strong>of</strong> mushroom shows was close to 700 

species. 

Based on this study, Kendrick divided species according to their rarity into five 

groups: 

1. Ubiquitous or abundant: a fungus must occur in every year. Applies to about 

5 per cent <strong>of</strong> taxa recorded in the Cascade Mycological Society (CMS) 

database. 

2. Common: a fungus must be recorded 4 years out <strong>of</strong> five. Applies to just over 

10 per cent <strong>of</strong> the taxa recorded in the CMS database. 

3. Sporadic or occasional: taxa recorded in 2 or 3 years out <strong>of</strong> 10. Applies to 

about 35 per cent <strong>of</strong> the taxa recorded by the CMS. 

4. Uncommon or infrequent: those taxa which occurred in only 1 year out <strong>of</strong> 5 

or less <strong>of</strong>ten, down to 1 year in 10. Applies to about 20 per cent <strong>of</strong> the taxa 

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recorded by the CMS. 

5. Rare: those taxa that occurred less <strong>of</strong>ten than 1 year in 10. This applies to 

almost 30 per cent <strong>of</strong> the taxa recorded by the CMS. 

Hawksworth (2001) also compares the number <strong>of</strong> fungi species with the number <strong>of</strong> 

vascular plants on the sites with fungal inventories in England. Based on the 

inventories in the Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve, there are about five- to sixtimes 

more species <strong>of</strong> fungi than species <strong>of</strong> vascular plants. 

Study Area 

Observatory Hill (also called Little Saanich Mountain) is 224 m high between 

Beaver/Elk and Prospect Lakes. The total area <strong>of</strong> the property is 71.4 ha. 

Plant communities are typical <strong>of</strong> the Coastal Douglas-Fir Biogeoclimatic Zone. The 

drier western and southern slopes in the upper parts <strong>of</strong> Observatory Hill are open 

rock outcrops with a mosaic <strong>of</strong> mossy/grassy vegetation and several stands <strong>of</strong> Garry 

oak (Quercus garryana). 

The mixed forest <strong>of</strong> Observatory Hill can be classified as mid-successional (45-80 

years). Forest age is a factor in determining species composition <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi, 

especially <strong>of</strong> the mycorrhizal fungi. Chronosequence studies suggest that forest 

structure, slope and exposure are more important factors than age for certain species 

(Norvell & Exeter 2004). However, the greatest richness in species was found in 

more complex, late- successional mixed forests. 

Stands dominated by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are the major vegetation 

forest types in the study area. Forests <strong>of</strong> this type occur in the lower parts <strong>of</strong> the hill 

and at the top plateau. In the lower, colluvial slopes the forests belong to the 

Pseudotsuga menziesii – Gaultheria shallon and Pseudotsuga menziesii – Mahonia 

nervosa site series; whereas on the upper parts <strong>of</strong> the top plateau the forests belong to 

the drier Pseudotsuga menziesii – Melica subulata site series as defined by Green & 

Klinka (1994). 

The area at the eastern base <strong>of</strong> the hill below the access road is covered with wetter 

Douglas-fir forest (Thuja plicata – Eurhynchium oreganum site series) with scattered 

Broadleaved maple (Acer macrophyllum). Broadleaved maple forms a small stand 

along a small ephemeral stream at the bottom <strong>of</strong> this area. 

4

Methodology 



Between April 20, 2009, and March 19, 2010, we visited the study area 42 times: 

three times in April (April 20, 22, & 27), four times in May (May 14, 20, 21, & 31), 

twice in June (June 21 & 28), once in July (July 5), twice in August (August 14 & 

23), twice in September (September 7 & 10), five times in October (October 2, 3, 17, 

26 & 27), six times in November (November 1, 4, 8, 18, 24, & 27), five times in 

December (December 4, 17, 18, 25, & 26), six times in January (9, 10, 13, 17, 26, & 

31), four time in February (February 14, 18, 19, & 28), and twice in March (March 5 

& 19). 

Figure 1. Observatory Hill (Nature Areas Atlas: http://www.crd.bc.ca/maps/natural/atlas.htm ). 

For simplicity, three main ecosystems in the study area were distinguished: 

1. the mosaic <strong>of</strong> open, mossy rock outcrops with Quercus garryana/Arbutus 

menziesii/Pseudotsuga menziesii patches or small stands; 

2. the mixed drier forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii-Gaultheria shallon and 

Pseudotsuga menziesii-Mahonia nervosa; 

3. the wetter forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Acer 

macrophyllum. 

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In my survey, I followed the Intuitive Controlled <strong>Survey</strong> Method as described by the 

United States Bureau <strong>of</strong> Land Management in their numerous survey manuals. 

The methodology <strong>of</strong> mycological surveys was described in Roberts et al. (2004) and 

also in Castellano et al. (1999). 

Voucher specimens for most <strong>of</strong> the species collected on the site were preserved and 

will be deposited in the University <strong>of</strong> British Columbia Herbarium in Vancouver, 

BC. Representative specimens were photographed in the field. 

There is general misunderstanding that macr<strong>of</strong>ungi can be easily identified using 

macro characteristics alone with the help <strong>of</strong> field guides. In fact, proper identification 

requires a compound microscope and appropriate taxonomic literature with good 

keys. In some cases, specialized monographs that deal with only one genus are 

necessary for reliable identification. According to Castellano et. al. (1999, p. M10) 

“three to four days <strong>of</strong> lab work should be anticipated for each successful day <strong>of</strong> field 

work.” Our experience from this survey and other surveys shows that this statement 

is well justified. 

Climate in the year 2010 

It is well known that fungi fructification depends on moisture and temperature. All 

fungi need moisture but temperature requirements can be different for different 

species. The majority <strong>of</strong> them need warm rather than cold temperatures, but many 

fungi require a drop in temperature to trigger their fructification. 

During the summer months, there is no substantial amount <strong>of</strong> precipitation in the 

Victoria area. However, in some years there is unusually high precipitation during 

the summer months that results in large number <strong>of</strong> fungal species. This anomaly can 

also trigger the occurrence <strong>of</strong> the late summer and early autumn species that do not 

occur in the “normal” years with dry summers. One such unusual summer was that <strong>of</strong> 

2004. This was our first year <strong>of</strong> the Observatory Hill fungal survey; unfortunately, 

our survey started only at the end <strong>of</strong> November and we missed the peak <strong>of</strong> the fungal 

season. 

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and the duration <strong>of</strong> summer drought.) 

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The weather in April and May <strong>of</strong> 2009 was favourable to the growth <strong>of</strong> many spring 

mushrooms. We took advantage <strong>of</strong> the unusual spring weather conditions and made 

twice as many visits (10) than in 2008. These visits produced several unusual spring 

and early summer species <strong>of</strong> fungi, not recorded in previous years. 

The precipitation in April 2009 was slightly lower than normal (40 mm vs. 44.5 mm), 

and May had more total precipitation than the 20-year average: 56 mm vs. 36.5 mm. 

June 2009 was the sunniest June in Victoria weather history. It was also the fourth 

driest June on record. Connected with that were record temperatures in the first week 

in June, with temperatures around 30°C three days in a row. The dry weather 

continued through July with more high temperatures towards the end <strong>of</strong> July when the 

temperature reached a record 35°C on one day. 

August temperatures were closer to normal. According to the weather <strong>of</strong>fice, the mean 

temperature for June through August was 17.1°C, which was above the long-term 

average <strong>of</strong> 15.7°C. That made this summer one <strong>of</strong> the hottest summers in history. 

The months <strong>of</strong> September, October and November again had above average fall 

precipitation. 

In the second week <strong>of</strong> December 2009, the daily average temperature dropped below 

freezing and the minimum temperature went down to -7.9°C. This cold spell lasted 

until December 10, 2009. Consequently, all the fungal growth stopped and the fungi 

that appeared earlier were frozen solid. 

The rest <strong>of</strong> the winter after this short cold spell was the driest and warmest in the 

history <strong>of</strong> Canada since nation-wide reports were first kept in 1948. It was the driest 

winter in the 63 year record with precipitation 22% below normal. The chief factor in 

this unusual weather pattern is said to be El Niño producing a shift in the winds and 

ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean, and thinning, retreating Arctic ice. Similar to last 

year, this rather mild weather from late December on was favourable to the growth <strong>of</strong> 

numerous saprophytic fungi on fallen logs and branches. 

In spite <strong>of</strong> extensive drought in summer 2009, similar to the devastating drought <strong>of</strong> 

summer 2006, the impact <strong>of</strong> the 2009 summer drought did not have the same negative 

effect on the fall mushroom growth. This might have been because <strong>of</strong> the above- 

average precipitation in May 2009. The forest ground was well saturated before the 

summer heat started in June. The above-average precipitation in September 2009, 

followed with the continuing above-average precipitation in October and November, 

resulted in another record mushroom season. 

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Results 



Current 2009/2010 collecting season 

The total number <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi found during the survey on Observatory Hill in 

2009/2010 was 520 species. Out <strong>of</strong> this number, about 120 species (approx. 23 %) 

were mycorrhizal and the remaining 400 (approx. 77 %) were non-mycorrhizal, i.e., 

growing on wood, forest duff or moss. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the 

major mycorrhizal host tree, and there are about 2,000 fungal species that form 

mycorrhizal associations with this species throughout its area <strong>of</strong> distribution. 

Interesting, but also less known, are species that form mycorrhizal associations with 

Arbutus (Arbutus menziesii). On the other hand, Western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) 

and Broad-leaved maple (Acer macrophyllum) do not form mycorrhizal associations. 

The number <strong>of</strong> species in the 2009/2010 season was the largest documented. More 

visits in the late spring when the weather was quite wet increased the total number <strong>of</strong> 

spring/summer species. During the period <strong>of</strong> hot and dry summer weather in June and 

July, we made a few visits to the area along the ephemeral creek at the eastern border 

and north-east corner, where the water was evaporating slowly and could support 

mushroom growth. As for the rest <strong>of</strong> the summer in August and September, a few 

visits were made again to the same areas where different mushrooms were still 

growing along the shaded, drying-up creek bed. 

Table 1 shows the effect <strong>of</strong> the abnormal weather pattern in 2009/2010 for the three 

sampled habitat types. In the 2009/2010 season, the number <strong>of</strong> species in Douglas-fir 

habitats was significantly lower in comparison with the two other habitat types. 

Habitat type 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 

Garry oak + rock outcrops 200 210 264 301 290 

Douglas fir 180 151 271 152 227 

Western red cedar 159 135 300 250 313 

Table 1. Distribution <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi in the three habitat types during the last five seasons. 

There were 103 species that occurred in all three habitat types, 108 species that 

occurred in two habitat types, and 309 species that occurred only in one habitat type: 

Number <strong>of</strong> habitats 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 

One habitat type 186 172 219 295 309 

Two habitat types 73 78 129 105 108 

All three habitat types 66 56 119 66 103 

Total 325 306 467 466 520 

Table 2. Number <strong>of</strong> species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat types. 

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Number <strong>of</strong> Habitats 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 

One habitat type 57% 56% 47% 63% 60% 

Two habitat types 23% 26% 28% 23% 21% 

All three habitat types 20% 18% 25% 14% 19% 

Table 3. Percentage <strong>of</strong> species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat 

types. 

Only when more substantial rains came in October did mushrooms start to grow in 

large numbers. The cold spell at the beginning <strong>of</strong> December 2009 interrupted an upto-then 

very good season. Until then, the 2009/2010 mushroom season was unusually 

rich and comparable to the fall <strong>of</strong> 2004. 

The December cold spell lasted 10 days and afterwards the number <strong>of</strong> fungi declined 

considerably. Mild weather in mid-January 2010 triggered a new growth <strong>of</strong> fungi. At 

that time, however, the majority <strong>of</strong> fungi were saprophytic resupinate species growing 

on wood. 

Results and trends from long-term observations: 

winter 2004 through spring 2010 

From November 2004 to the end <strong>of</strong> March 2010, a total <strong>of</strong> 900 species <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi 

have been identified and recorded from the study area. The cumulative growth <strong>of</strong> the 

number <strong>of</strong> species identified after each season is illustrated in Figure 3: 

Figure 3. Cumulative increase <strong>of</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species found since the start <strong>of</strong> the surveys in 2004. 

(RED: newly recorded; BLUE: previously recorded) 

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The majority <strong>of</strong> the species found since 2004 were those species that have been found 

only in one season (Figure 4): 

Figure 4. Number <strong>of</strong> species found in one, two, three, four years, five years, and every year. 

This distribution follows the pattern described by Kendrick (2005) in other 

macr<strong>of</strong>ungal collecting events. 

In the first year <strong>of</strong> the survey, the 2004/2005 season, the survey started too late and 

the data could serve only as a preliminary list. Since the 2005/2006 season, the 

Observatory Hill survey yielded, on average, a total <strong>of</strong> 306 to 520 species per season. 

Mycorrhizal species formed a smaller portion (14.7 – 27.0%) <strong>of</strong> the total number <strong>of</strong> 

species (see Figure 5). 

Fructification <strong>of</strong> fungi depends strongly on the climatic conditions, especially on the 

precipitation. Whereas the year 2005 was close to the 30-year climatic average, the 

year 2006 had an unusually long-lasting drought period in the summer and early fall. 

The years 2007 and 2008, on the other hand, did not have much <strong>of</strong> a drought period in 

the summer. There was an overall drop in number <strong>of</strong> fungi, especially the mycorrhizal 

fungi, in the dry year 2006, but a record number <strong>of</strong> fungi in the wet year 2007. As I 

mentioned earlier, the unusual combination <strong>of</strong> a few summer rains and the dry fall in 

2008 resulted in a rather unusual and atypical group <strong>of</strong> species found in the 2008/2009 

season. Note that numbers <strong>of</strong> mycorrhizal species were similar in the 2007/2008 and 

2008/2009 seasons. 

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Figure 5. Number <strong>of</strong> species found in each collecting season. 

(RED: non-mycorrhizal species, BLUE: mycorrhizal species) 

At the end <strong>of</strong> the 2009/2010 season, there were enough data accumulated to show 

trends and relationships in the number <strong>of</strong> species found in the main mycorrhizal and 

non-mycorrhizal genera: 

Genus 

(M= mycorrhizal) 

2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 

Clitocybe 13 8 15 7 8 

Cortinarius M 13 7 17 13 20 

Galerina 25 28 26 21 22 

Hebeloma M 6 2 7 8 10 

Inocybe M 22 11 27 26 31 

Lactarius M 4 2 3 5 5 

Lepiota 7 9 12 7 4 

Mycena 28 46 48 41 38 

Nolanea 8 8 8 7 12 

Psathyrella 8 10 15 10 9 

Russula M 13 6 15 11 18 

Tricholoma M 8 4 9 9 9 

Table 4. Number <strong>of</strong> species in the most common mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal genera in 

seasons 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, and 2009/2010. 

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Figure 6. Number <strong>of</strong> species in the most species-rich non-mycorrhizal genera 

in five collecting seasons. 

(We omit the data <strong>of</strong> the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.) 

The 2009/2010 season had several interesting effects on mushroom growth. The wet 

April/May brought a fructification <strong>of</strong> spring fungi, such as morels (Morchella elata) 

growing all the way along the paved road, and also several species <strong>of</strong> the mycorrhizal 

genus Inocybe. 

The high temperature in summer was harmful to mushroom growth in the forest. But 

along the creek, it was probably perfect for the growth <strong>of</strong> some species, such as 

Leptonia badissima, known only from Washington State, and also for the large 

number <strong>of</strong> small cup fungi. 

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Figure 7. Number <strong>of</strong> species in the most species-rich mycorrhizal genera in 

five collecting seasons. 

(We omit the data <strong>of</strong> the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.) 

The majority <strong>of</strong> newly found mycorrhizal species were collected during the main 

growing season in October and November 2009. It is a pity that the cold spell came at 

the beginning <strong>of</strong> December 2009, when the season was still productive and we could 

have found even more new species. Even so, the number <strong>of</strong> species in the main 

mycorrhizal genera (Inocybe, Cortinarius, Russula) was the highest since the start <strong>of</strong> 

this project. 

Some species <strong>of</strong> genera that usually start fruiting later in fall and winter were absent 

or appeared in lower numbers due to the cold spell at the beginning <strong>of</strong> December. 

The number <strong>of</strong> species in non-mycorrhizal genera, such as Mycena and Galerina, was 

lower in the 2009/2010 season because <strong>of</strong> the freezing temperatures at the beginning 

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<strong>of</strong> December 2010. The lower temperatures in December 2009 had the same effect on 

the non-mycorrhizal genera as the snow had in the 2008/2009 season. 

In the 2009/2010 season, the wet May, the hot and dry summer, followed by the 

above-average precipitation in the fall, resulted in the best mushroom season since the 

start <strong>of</strong> this project. This was especially apparent in the high number <strong>of</strong> species in the 

main mycorrhizal genera Inocybe, Cortinarius and Russula. 

The full list <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungal species found in this survey is given in the Appendices. 

Several rare and interesting fungi found in the 2009/2010 

survey 

Amanita brunnescens 

The 2009/2010 season was also good for poisonous amanitas. The common, 

poisonous, panther amanita (Amanita pantherina) is usually quite common in the 

springtime. Pure white Amanita silvicola that is quite common in the Pacific 

Northwest appeared for the first time in late October 2009 along the ephemeral creek 

along the eastern border <strong>of</strong> the Observatory property. Amanita brunnescens is 

apparently a rare amanita, and its distribution in the Pacific Northwest is poorly 

known. It was found in October 2009 in the forest on the eastern slope. Another 

amanita was Amanita gemmata, also quite common, but usually early in the 

mushroom season when it can be easily missed. Also interesting was the occurrence 

<strong>of</strong> Amanita muscaria, “fly agaric”. This species is associated with spruce trees. The 

only spruce tree on Observatory Hill was planted near the now-removed house on the 

lower part <strong>of</strong> the road, and it was where A. muscaria was found in the end October 

2009. 

15

Caloscypha fulgens 



In April 2009 there was a large, unexpected fruiting <strong>of</strong> Caloscypha fulgens – cup 

fungus – which is considered to be a typical mushroom in mountains after the snowmelt 

in spring. This fungus was seen at sea level in 2008 on Salt Spring Island, at 

Ruckle Farm, and on several other sites. On Observatory Hill, it was found along the 

paved road from the main gate almost up to the first building on the hilltop. 

It grew on sandy build-up that had been scraped to the side <strong>of</strong> the road. (Sand had to 

be used in the 2008/2009 winter due to snow and ice.) 

Cortinarius venetus var. venetus 

Fall and winter 2009/2010 were favourable for the growth <strong>of</strong> Cortinarius species. 

Several new Cortinarius species were added to the list <strong>of</strong> fungi on Observatory Hill. 

Cortinarius venetus var. venetus belongs in the subgenus Leprocybe. One <strong>of</strong> the 

characteristics <strong>of</strong> this group is that under UV-light these fungi exhibit bright 

fluorescence. In this particular species, the fluorescence is bright yellow. It was found 

growing in late October 2009 in the forest near the creek on southeast border <strong>of</strong> the 

Observatory property. 

16

Cytidia stereoides 



In spring 2008, an unfamiliar fungus appeared on the dead branches <strong>of</strong> one arbutus 

tree on the western slope, just at the forest margin. It has remained unidentified and in 

the list <strong>of</strong> species, it was labelled “Tremellales” for its superficial resemblance to this 

order. However, microscopically, it was a very different fungus. We did not find any 

in the spring 2009, but in spring 2010 it appeared on several arbutus trees near the 

original tree and also on another tree close to the main road. With the help 

<strong>of</strong> mycologist Dr. Jim Ginns, it was identified as Cytidia stereoides. This species is 

known only from the type locality near Mt. Shasta in northern California. There it 

grew on several hosts, mainly belonging to the rose and cascara families. It is 

therefore possible that this fungus, specific to Arbutus menziesii, will prove to be a 

species new to science. A DNA comparison with the DNA <strong>of</strong> the type specimen is 

necessary to answer this question. 

Geoglossum glutinosum 

The common name <strong>of</strong> this fungus is black earth tongue. There are several different 

species <strong>of</strong> black earth tongues, all occurring in winter and spring. They are easily 

overlooked because they are relatively small and black. In some years, they can be 

quite plentiful. Geoglossum glutinosum differs from all the others by having a 

distinctly viscid surface when moist. It is widely distributed, but infrequently 

17



encountered. To our knowledge, until now there has been no collection <strong>of</strong> this species 

in British Columbia. It was found growing under leaf litter <strong>of</strong> a broadleaved maple 

near the ephemeral creek along the eastern boundary <strong>of</strong> Observatory Hill in May 

2009. 

Leptonia badissima 

According to Largent (1994), who wrote a monograph <strong>of</strong> the family Entolomataceae 

to which this fungus belongs, Leptonia badissima is only found in Washington State. 

It was found growing near the small wetland along the eastern boundary <strong>of</strong> 

Observatory Hill at the end <strong>of</strong> May 2009. 

Mycena corynephora 

In spite <strong>of</strong> the large number <strong>of</strong> Mycena species already documented on Observatory 

Hill (70 species), four new species were found in the 2009/2010 season. Mycena 

18



corynephora is extremely small, about only 1 mm high and with a cap about 1 mm in 

diameter. It has very distinct microscopic characters, unlike any other Mycena species. 

It is known only from Europe and this would be the first occurrence in North 

America. It was found on maple bark in the forest just above the main gate in January 

2010. 

Peziza bruneoatra 

This rather inconspicuous cup fungus is cosmopolitan, but not particularly common. It 

occurs in winter and spring on damp soil near streams. It was found growing on mud 

that was drying up near a small wetland along the eastern boundary <strong>of</strong> the Hill in 

August 2009. 

Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa & Psilocybe pelliculosa 

For the first time, two species <strong>of</strong> “magic mushrooms” were found on Observatory 

Hill in 2009. According to the literature, Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa is weakly to mildly 

hallucinogenic, containing up to 0.21% <strong>of</strong> psilocybin and 0.062% <strong>of</strong> psilocin. It grows 

on open slope near the top <strong>of</strong> Observatory Hill. Psilocybe pelliculosa is weakly 

hallucinogenic containing 0.41% <strong>of</strong> psilocybin and 0.04% <strong>of</strong> baeocystin. It was found 

growing on a rotten log located on the eastern slope. Both <strong>of</strong> these species have bluing 

reactions on the stem that indicate occurrence <strong>of</strong> the hallucinogenic compound 

psilocin. However, those hallucinogenic properties can be lost by handling and drying. 

It is said that the actual potency <strong>of</strong> fresh specimens is likely much higher than 

chemical analysis done on dried specimens. 

19



These two Psilocybe species occur throughout the Pacific Northwest and California. 

Two other species that grow on Observatory Hill, Psilocybe montana and Psilocybe 

inquilina, are quite common, but they are not hallucinogenic. 

Ramaria aurantiisiccescens 

Fall weather in 2009 was ideal for corral fungi. Ramaria aurantiisiccescens is 

considered rare by Exeter et al. (2006). This species is limited to the Pacific 

Northwest and is known from about 11 sites ranging from northern California to 

20



Washington (Castellano et al. 1999). It was found growing below the paved road, in a 

mixed forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Acer macrophyllum and 

Abies grandis. 

Squamanita paradoxa 

Squamanita paradoxa, also known as powdercap strangler, is an extremely rare 

fungus. In North America it was first collected and described from Mt. Hood and the 

second known site was at Priest Lake, Idaho. This is the first record <strong>of</strong> this species in 

Canada. There are several collections from Europe (Czech Republic, France, Great 

Britain, Italy, and Netherlands). It is a parasitic fungus that grows out <strong>of</strong> another 

mushroom, the commonly widespread Cystoderma amianthinum. In fact, the yellow 

"Wellingtons" at the base are the remnants <strong>of</strong> the host mushroom. 

Tricholoma bufonium 

This fungus has an exceptionally repulsive odour. It was seen in BC only once before 

(by Paul Kroeger, personal comm. – no herbarium collection made), in Freeman King 

21



Park in Saanich. Tricholoma sulphureum is another species <strong>of</strong> Tricholoma with an 

unpleasant smell, but in contrary to Tricholoma bufonium it is very common. 

Tricholoma bufonium was found growing below the paved road in mid-December 

2009. 

Update to the 2008/2009 Report 

Claudopus byssisedus 

This rare fungus started to grow at the end <strong>of</strong> October (found October 26, 2009), but 

grew very slowly and by November 8 there were still only a few poorly developed 

bodies that eventually faded out. 

Tubaria punicea 

The first fruiting bodies <strong>of</strong> this season were seen on November 12, 2009, and several 

other fruiting bodies continued growing until November 27, 2009. The cold spell in 

early December interrupted the growth <strong>of</strong> Tubaria punicea completely. In average 

years, the middle to late December is usually the prime time for its growth. In 

summary, this season was not very good for fructification <strong>of</strong> this species. Fruiting 

bodies were fewer and were growing on fewer arbutus trees than in previous years. On 

January 31, 2010, a new small fruiting body was observed on the large, marked 

arbutus tree behind the smaller dome. 

Discussion 

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is exceptionally rich in symbiotic relationships. 

As many as 2000 species may be associated with it throughout its area <strong>of</strong> distribution 

(Trappe 1977). Arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) is probably also quite rich in mycorrhizal 

species, but no extensive studies have been done on it because it has no commercial 

value as timber. In our area, Garry oak (Quercus garryana) is disappointedly poor in 

forming symbiotic relationships in comparison with other parts <strong>of</strong> its area <strong>of</strong> 

distribution in Washington, Oregon and California. Lesser components <strong>of</strong> mixed 

forest on Observatory Hill, such as grand fir (Abies grandis), are also mycorrhizal, but 

probably less important in terms <strong>of</strong> their mycorrhizal associations. 

Western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and broad-leaved maple (Acer macrophyllum) are 

considered trees without fungal symbiosis and their stands host mostly saprophytic or 

wood-decaying fungi. 

On the margin <strong>of</strong> this forest higher up the slope or directly below the summit <strong>of</strong> the 

hill, arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) and Garry oak (Quercus garryana) come into contact 

with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). This transition is usually the richest in 

fungal diversity and it hosts many mycorrhizal macr<strong>of</strong>ungi. On Observatory Hill, 

patches or even small stands <strong>of</strong> pure Quercus garryana are relatively poor in terms <strong>of</strong> 

22



their fungal component. This is very surprising because oak forests including those <strong>of</strong> 

Garry oak are known to be rich in fungi within its area <strong>of</strong> distribution in Washington, 

Oregon and California. Mossy open rock outcrops and grassy meadows have specific 

but not too diverse myc<strong>of</strong>lora. 

Various fungal inventory studies demonstrate that there is relatively small number <strong>of</strong> 

common fungi that occur every year (Kendrick 2005). The majority <strong>of</strong> fungi are 

uncommon or rare, and they occur only in some years. In order to get a better picture 

<strong>of</strong> the biodiversity <strong>of</strong> fungi, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies wherein the 

same area would be visited and fungi identified for many years. Some studies <strong>of</strong> this 

kind have already been done and species <strong>of</strong> fungi were collected that had not been 

seen for decades. 

The Pseudotsuga menziesii forests <strong>of</strong> the Washington and Oregon coasts were studied 

in recent years (Norvell & Exeter 2004), but it is difficult to compare them with our 

drier version <strong>of</strong> Pseudotsuga menziesii forests that are usually mixed with Arbutus 

menziesii and Quercus garryana. Coastal Pseudotsuga menziesii forests are richer in 

the number <strong>of</strong> species. The most species-rich genera <strong>of</strong> fungi there are Cortinarius, 

Inocybe and Russula. Unfortunately, the species belonging to these genera are difficult 

to identify. 

Determining the overall frequency or rarity <strong>of</strong> encountered species on Southern 

Vancouver Island is very difficult. To our knowledge, no inventory <strong>of</strong> myc<strong>of</strong>lora has 

been done for dry Douglas-fir/Arbutus forests. Pamela Janszen <strong>of</strong> Saturna Island 

compiled a macr<strong>of</strong>ungi inventory <strong>of</strong> Saturna Island Ecological Reserve for the Friends 

<strong>of</strong> Ecological Reserves, and she also made an inventory <strong>of</strong> Winter Cove Park (Saturna 

Island) for British Columbia Parks. Both inventories were done from August 30, 1997, 

to January 29, 2000. In 30 visits to the Ecological Reserve and 22 trips to the Winter 

Cove Park, she identified 200 and 117 species <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi, respectively. 

Dr. Ian Gibson, a member <strong>of</strong> the South Vancouver Island Mycological Society 

(SVIMS), keeps a list <strong>of</strong> species known from Southern Vancouver Island. It is based 

on herbarium collections housed in the Pacific Forestry Centre on Burnside Rd. in 

Victoria, in herbarium collections at UBC, and in various personal collections. It also 

incorporates material seen on annual mushroom shows organized by SVIMS in 

Victoria and various SVIMS forays. This list also indicates which species are 

abundant (a), common (c), uncommon (u), and rare (r). Gibson’s list is a work in 

progress, and it is far from being complete. Our list <strong>of</strong> species from Observatory Hill 

has the rare species (as defined by the SVIMS lists) marked with a single asterisk. Out 

<strong>of</strong> these, the species marked with two asterisks are those species which are, indeed, 

very rare or which have not been seen before in our area. 

Long-term surveys are needed in order to obtain a “complete” list <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi from 

a given area. Previous studies showed that the surveys for macr<strong>of</strong>ungi could yield new 

species even after decades <strong>of</strong> surveying. In our Clayoquot Sound study (Roberts et. al. 

2004) we were finding about the same number <strong>of</strong> new, previously-not-encountered 

23



species every year <strong>of</strong> our survey. This indicates that long-term surveys are needed in 

order to obtain a good picture <strong>of</strong> the myc<strong>of</strong>lora <strong>of</strong> any area <strong>of</strong> interest. 

Some ramifications <strong>of</strong> this study 

Our find <strong>of</strong> Squamanita paradoxa was reported in the Times-Colonist on December 

30, 2009, and in several other newspapers in western Canada. It was noticed by 

mycologists in both North America and Europe. Our field photo <strong>of</strong> Squamanita (see 

the cover page) will appear in the following publication: Matheny, P.B. & G.W. 

Griffith. [2010] “Mycoparasitism between Squamanita paradoxa and Cystoderma 

amianthinum (Cystodermateae, Agaricales).” Mycoscience, in press. 

In July 2008, I provided Dr. Mary Berbee (UBC) with about 200 specimens <strong>of</strong> the 

genus Cortinarius for the DNA study she is conducting in cooperation with Dr. Joe 

Ammirati (University <strong>of</strong> Washington, Seattle). In July 2009, I donated to the UBC 

herbarium another 100 specimens <strong>of</strong> the genus Cortinarius for their DNA study. 

About 30% <strong>of</strong> these specimens came from our Observatory Hill project. In fact, 

repeated collection <strong>of</strong> one species from Observatory Hill revealed some interesting 

peculiarities that would have gone undetected with just a single sample. Preliminary 

results <strong>of</strong> this Cortinarius study suggest that in my collections from Observatory Hill 

there is at least one new, yet undescribed, Cortinarius species. The description <strong>of</strong> one 

<strong>of</strong> them, Cortinarius parkeri Seidl, Ceska & Ammirati, is being prepared for 

publication. 

Additionally, Dr. Brandon Matheny (University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee) and Dr. Mary Berbee 

started a DNA study <strong>of</strong> the genus Inocybe and they have requested my collections for 

this project. I donated 650 herbarium specimens <strong>of</strong> the genus Inocybe to Dr. Mary 

Berbee’s laboratory at UBC. 

In her recent e-mail, Dr. Mary Berbee wrote: 

“Your specimens were a critical element in the success <strong>of</strong> our 2009 

application for a $62,696 grant from Genome BC Science Opportunities 

Fund, 'Barcoding <strong>of</strong> BC ectomycorrhizal mushrooms’. Most <strong>of</strong> the 

sequences we will determine come from your specimens. Your material 

more than doubles the total holdings <strong>of</strong> Cortinarius and Inocybe 

specimens in the UBC herbarium. Developing sequence barcodes from 

your material is laying the ground work for improved systematics <strong>of</strong> 

western N. American species in these genera.” 

The Observatory Hill area has been ideal for following the phenology <strong>of</strong> Tubaria 

punicea and Claudopus byssisedus. Indeed, the material <strong>of</strong> Tubaria punicea from 

24



Observatory Hill was crucial to the solution <strong>of</strong> the taxonomic problems <strong>of</strong> this genus 

(see Matheny et al. 2007). 

Acknowledgements 

I would like to thank Drs. Joe Ammirati (University <strong>of</strong> Washington), Mary Berbee 

(UBC Vancouver), Ian Gibson (South Vancover Island Mycological Society, 

Victoria), Jim Ginns (retired from the DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), P. Brandon 

Matheny (University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee), Scott Redhead (DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), 

and Else Vellinga (University <strong>of</strong> California, Berkeley) for help with identification <strong>of</strong> 

several species, and my husband, Dr. Adolf Ceska, for technical help, photographic 

documentation, and the computer work. Thanks are due to Susanna Gibson for finding 

funds for the 2009/2010 survey and to Clyde Donnelly for his interest and logistical 

support. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Feldman for his interest and fundraising for the 

2009/2010 survey, and for his editorial help with this report. We also thank 

anonymous donors for financial assistance to complete the project and enable 

publication <strong>of</strong> the results. 

25

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Exeter, R.L., L. Norvell & E. Cázares. 2006. 

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Fries, E.M. 1825. Systema Orbis Vegetabilis. Vol. 1. Typographia Academica, Lund. 

Green, R.N. & K. Klinka. 1994. A Field Guide to Site Identification and 

Interpretation for the Vancouver Forest Region. Land Management Handbook 

Number 28. British Columbia Ministry <strong>of</strong> Forests, Victoria, B.C. ix+285 p. 

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Hawksworth, D.L. 2001. The magnitude <strong>of</strong> fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species 

estimate revisited. Mycological Research 105: 1422-1432. 

Kendrick, B. 2005. Fungi – common, rare and in-between. BEN 347, April 15, 2005. 

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Mad River Press. Eureka California. 

Matheny, P.B., E.C. Vellinga, N.L. Bougher, O. Ceska, P.-A. Moreau, M.A. 

Neves, & J.F. Ammirati. 2007. Taxonomy <strong>of</strong> displaced species <strong>of</strong> Tubaria. 

Mycologia 99(4): 569-585. 

Norvell, L.L. & R.L. Exeter. 2004. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete diversity in 

Oregon Coast Range Pseudotsuga menziesii forests – Preliminary 

observations. Pp. 159-189 in Cripps, C.L. Fungi in Forest Ecosystems: 

Systematics, Diversity, and Ecology. The New York Botanical Garden, 

Bronx, NY. 

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Canada: biogeography, nomenclature, taxonomy. Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Botany 

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66: 479-507. 

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27



APPENDIX 1: A list <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi on Observatory Hill 

in the three main habitats Fall 2009 – Winter 2009/2010 

Species 

* - rarely identified 

** - especially rare 

+ - found only once 

++ - found on two visits 

+++ - found more <strong>of</strong>ten 

? - preliminary identification 

28 

Garry oak & 

outcrops 

Douglas fir 

Western red cedar 

Agaricus diminutivus + ++ 

Agaricus hondensis + 

Agaricus micromegathus + 

Agaricus praeclaresquamosus + + 

Agrocybe praecox ++ + + 

Agrocybe semiorbicularis NEW + 

Albotricha laetior NEW + 

Aleurodiscus aurantius ** + + 

Aleurodiscus grantii + ++ +++ 

Aleurodiscus penicillatus * + + ++ 

Alnicola bohemica * NEW + 

Amanita brunnescens * NEW + 

Amanita gemmata + 

Amanita muscaria NEW + 

Amanita pantherina + ++ ++ 

Amanita silvicola NEW + 

Antrodia malicola * +++ ++ 

Antrodia serialis NEW ++ 

Antrodiella sp. NEW + 

Armillaria gallica ? NEW + 

Armillaria ostoyae ++ ++ + 

Armillaria sinapina NEW + + + 

Arrhenia spathulata +++ 

Astraeus hygrometricus * ++ 

Athelia bombacina NEW + 

Athelia neuh<strong>of</strong>fii NEW + 

Auriscalpium vulgare ++ + 

Bisporella citrina ++ + +++ 

Bisporella subpallida ** + ++ 

Bisporella sulfurina * NEW ++



Bolbitius variicolor NEW + 

Boletus truncatus + + 

Botryobasidium candicans NEW + 

Botryobasidium obtusisporum * +++ 

Botryohypochnus isabellinus NEW + 

Bovista plumbea +++ 

Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* + 

Calocera cornea ++ +++ 

Calocera viscosa + ++ 

Caloscypha fulgens NEW ++ 

Camarophyllus pratensis * + 

Camarophyllus russocoriaceus * + 

Cantharellula umbonata * + 

Cantharellus formosus + 

Ceriporia purpurea ** ++ + 

Ceriporia reticulata NEW ++ + 

Ceriporiopsis subvermispora NEW + ++ 

Chalciporus piperatus ++ 

Chlorophyllum rachodes + 

Chondrostereum purpureum * + + ++ 

Chromosera cyanophylla * + +++ 

Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * + 

Ciboria ruf<strong>of</strong>usca NEW ++ 

Claudopus byssisedus ** ++ 

Claussenomyces atrovirens * NEW + 

Clavulina cinerea * ++ 

Clavulina cristata + + 

Clavulina rugosa * + 

Clavulinopsis laeticolor * ++ + ++ 

Clitocybe dealbata +++ + 

Clitocybe deceptiva * + + + 

Clitocybe elegantula * ++ ++ + 

Clitocybe 'georgiana' ** + 

Clitocybe radicellata * + + 

Clitocybe trulliformis +++ + + 

Clitocybe vibecina * + 

Clitopilus prunulus + 

Coccomyces dentatus + ++ +++ 

Coltricia cinnamomea + 

Coltricia perennis + 

Coniophora puteana ** + + 

Conocybe dumetorum ** + 

Conocybe siennophylla ** + 

Conocybe tenera + 

29



Coprinus disseminatus + 

Coprinus impatiens ** + 

Coprinus lagopus + 

Coprinus xanthothrix ** ++ 

Cortinarius biformis + + 

Cortinarius californicus ++ 

Cortinarius casimiri +++ +++ + 

Cortinarius cinnamomeus + 

Cortinarius elotus NEW ++ 

Cortinarius epipoleus NEW ++ 

Cortinarius evernius NEW + 

Cortinarius fasciatus NEW + 

Cortinarius glaucopus + 

Cortinarius idahoensis ** + 

Cortinarius leucopus * +++ + + 

Cortinarius obtusus NEW + 

Cortinarius olearioides NEW + 

Cortinarius parevernius NEW + + 

Cortinarius scandens + + 

Cortinarius semisanguineus + + 

Cortinarius sertipes * + 

Cortinarius sp. subgen. 

Phlegmacium NEW 

+ 

Cortinarius suillus NEW + 

Cortinarius venetus var. venetus * 

++ 

NEW 

Cortinarius vernus ** + 

Crepidotus lundelli * ++ +++ 

Crepidotus mollis +++ ++ +++ 

Crepidotus subverrucisporus ** + 

Crocicreas cyathoideum * + 

Crucibulum laeve +++ + 

Cryptoporus volvatus + + 

Cudoniella clavus * + 

Cylindrobasidium laeve ++ +++ +++ 

Cystoderma amianthinum +++ +++ 

Cystoderma fallax +++ 

Cystoderma granulosum +++ +++ + 

Cystolepiota seminuda + 

Cytidia stereoides +++ 

Dacrymyces palmatus ++ +++ +++ 

Dacrymyces stillatus * +++ +++ +++ 

Dendrothele incrustans NEW + 

Dichostereum granulosum + + 

30



Discina perlata NEW + 

Durella melanochlora NEW + 

Endogone pisiformis * NEW + + 

Fayodia pseudoclusilis * +++ + 

Fomes fomentarius + 

Fomitopsis cajanderi ++ +++ + 

Fomitopsis pinicola ++ +++ +++ 

Galerina atkinsoniana var. 

+ + + 

atkinsoniana * 

Galerina autumnalis + ++ 

Galerina badipes * + 

Galerina castaneipes ** ++ + 

Galerina cedretorum var. bispora ++ ++ 

Galerina cedretorum var. 

cedretorum NEW 

+ 

Galerina cinnamomea ** + + + 

Galerina dimorphocystis var. 

+++ ++ + 

dimorphocystis 

Galerina evelata var. evelata * + 

Galerina fallax f. fallax ** + 

Galerina filiformis + 

Galerina heterocystis +++ +++ ++ 

Galerina nigripes * NEW + 

Galerina oregonensis + ++ 

Galerina perplexa NEW + 

Galerina pumila var. pumila + ++ 

Galerina rostrata + 

Galerina sideroides * + +++ + 

Galerina subcerina NEW + + 

Galerina unicolor * + 

Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. 

tetraspora * 

+++ 

Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis 

++ ++ 

f. tetraspora * 

Ganoderma applanatum ++ ++ 

Ganoderma tsugae + 

Geoglossum glutinosum ** NEW + 

Geopyxis vulcanalis ++ + 

Gomphidius glutinosus * +++ ++ +++ 

Gomphidius oregonensis ++ + + 

Gomphidius subroseus +++ 

Gomphus floccosus +++ 

Gomphus kauffmanii ** ++ 

Grandinia breviseta NEW + 

Grandinia crustosa NEW ++ + + 

31



Grandinia subalutacea * + 

Gymnopilus bellulus * + 

Gymnopilus picreus ++ 

Gymnopilus sapineus +++ +++ + 

Gymnopus biformis ** + 

Gymnopus confluens +++ 

Gymnopus dryophilus * + 

Gymnopus earleae * ++ 

Gymnopus fuscopurpureus +++ +++ ++ 

Gymnopus peronatus ++ 

Gymnopus putillus * + 

Gymnopus subsulphureus * + 

Haplotrichum conspersum ? ** + 

Hebeloma birrus + 

Hebeloma fragilipes NEW + 

Hebeloma hiemale * + 

Hebeloma incarnatulum NEW + + 

Hebeloma lutense * +++ + + 

Hebeloma mesophaeum + 

Hebeloma populinum NEW + 

Hebeloma praeolidum NEW + 

Hebeloma sacchariolens +++ + 

Hebeloma velutipes * + 

Helvella lacunosa + + 

Helvella villosa ** ++ 

Hemimycena ignobilis * NEW + + 

Hemimycena nebulophila ++ 

Hemimycena pseudocrispula * 

NEW 

+ 

Hemimycena subimmaculata * 

+ 

NEW 

Hemimycena tortuosa ** + +++ 

Hericium erinaceus NEW + 

Heterobasidion annosum NEW + 

Heterotextus luteus * +++ ++ ++ 

Hohenbuehelia petaloides + 

Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. 

+++ 

albohyalina NEW 

Hyaloscypha fuckelii NEW + 

Hyaloscypha herbarum NEW + 

Hyaloscypha vitreola NEW + 

Hydnum repandum + 

Hydnum umbilicatum +++ + +++ 

Hygrocybe conica + + 

32



Hygrocybe miniata ++ +++ 

Hygrocybe persistens ** + 

Hygrocybe psittacina * + + 

Hygrophorus chrysodon NEW + 

Hygrophorus eburneus NEW + 

Hygrophorus occidentalis * NEW + 

Hymenochaete tabacina * +++ +++ 

Hymenoscyphus albidus ** + 

Hymenoscyphus caudatus * + + 

Hymenoscyphus fructigenus * + 

Hymenoscyphus phyllogenus NEW + 

Hymenoscyphus salicellus ** + 

Hyphoderma amoenum NEW ++ 

Hyphoderma mutatum NEW + + 

Hyphoderma praetermissum NEW + 

Hyphoderma puberum NEW + + 

Hyphoderma roseocremeum NEW + 

Hypholoma capnoides ++ +++ ++ 

Hypholoma fasciculare + 

Hypholoma radicosum NEW + 

Hypochnicium geogenium NEW + 

Hypochnicium punctulatum NEW + 

Hypocrea pulvinata ** ++ +++ 

Hypocrea rufa NEW + 

Hypomyces cervinigenus +++ 

Hypomyces lactifluorum +++ +++ 

Hypoxylon rubiginosum * + 

Hysterographium fraxini* + 

Inocephalus cystomarginatus ** 

+ 

NEW 

Inocybe abjecta ++ + ++ 

Inocybe agglutinata ** + 

Inocybe amblyspora * NEW + 

Inocybe assimilata + + 

Inocybe auricoma +++ 

Inocybe calida ** + 

Inocybe cincinnata var. major ** ++ 

Inocybe curvipes NEW + 

Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa 

+++ + + 

** 

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** + ++ 

Inocybe geophylla +++ +++ ++ 

Inocybe grammata * ++ 

Inocybe griseolilacina * +++ ++ +++ 

33



Inocybe kauffmanii ** + 

Inocybe lacera var. helobia * + 

Inocybe lacera var. lacera * +++ + + 

Inocybe lanuginosa var. lanuginosa 

+ 

* 

Inocybe lanuginosa var. ovatocystis + 

Inocybe leiocephala ** +++ + 

Inocybe lilacina +++ +++ +++ 

Inocybe mixtilis * +++ + ++ 

Inocybe nitidiuscula * +++ + + 

Inocybe pseudodestricta ** + 

Inocybe pudica * +++ +++ ++ 

Inocybe pusio ** ++ + 

Inocybe sindonia ** + + 

Inocybe soluta NEW + + ++ 

Inocybe sororia +++ + 

Inocybe stellatospora ** + 

Inocybe subcarpta ** + 

Inocybe xanthomelas ** + 

Irpex lacteus * + +++ 

Ischnoderma benzoinum NEW + 

Kuehneromyces vernalis * + 

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis +++ 

Laccaria laccata ++ +++ + 

Laccaria tetraspora * + 

Lachnella alboviolascens ** +++ 

Lachnellula calyciformis * +++ 

Lachnellula gallica * + 

Lachnellula occidentalis * + 

Lachnum impudicum * + 

Lachnum virgineum +++ 

Lachnum brevipilosum ** + 

Lachnum fasciculare * + 

Lachnum pudibundum NEW +++ 

Lachnum pygmaeum NEW + 

Lactarius occidentalis NEW + 

Lactarius rubrilacteus +++ + 

Lactarius subflammeus NEW + 

Lactarius subviscidus * +++ +++ +++ 

Lactarius uvidus ++ 

Lanzia luteovirescens ** + 

Lentaria pinicola * + +++ 

Lentinellus omphalodes + 

Lepiota boudieri ** + 

34



Lepiota castanea * +++ +++ + 

Lepiota josserandii + 

Lepiota ventriosospora ++ 

Lepista densifolia * NEW + 

Lepista inversa + 

Lepista nuda + 

Leptonia badissima ** NEW + 

Leucoagaricus naucinus + 

Leucopaxillus amarus ++ +++ 

Lycoperdon perlatum + ++ +++ 

Lycoperdon pusillum ** + 

Lyophyllum semitale + 

Marasmiellus candidus +++ 

Marasmius androsaceus * + ++ 

Marasmius plicatulus +++ 

Marasmius salalis ++ +++ + 

Melanoleuca alb<strong>of</strong>lavida ? ** NEW + 

Melanoleuca stridula + ++ +++ 

Meruliopsis corium * +++ ++ +++ 

Micromphale arbuticola ++ 

Micromphale perforans * + 

Mollisia cinerea NEW + ++ +++ 

Mollisia livid<strong>of</strong>usca * + + 

Morchella elata NEW ++ 

Mucronella alba ** + 

Mucronella bresadolae ** ++ 

Mycena abramsii * + + ++ 

Mycena acicula ** + +++ 

Mycena adonis ++ + +++ 

Mycena alcalina +++ +++ +++ 

Mycena algeriensis ** + 

Mycena amicta * +++ +++ 

Mycena atroalboides ++ 

Mycena capillaripes * + 

Mycena cinerella ** + 

Mycena clavata NEW + 

Mycena clavicularis ** + 

Mycena corynephora ** NEW + 

Mycena delicatella * ++ + +++ 

Mycena elegantula * + ++ 

Mycena epipterygia + +++ + 

Mycena filopes +++ +++ +++ 

Mycena fusco-ocula ++ 

Mycena galericulata + ++ 

35



Mycena haematopus var. marginata + ++ 

Mycena inclinata * + 

Mycena leptocephala +++ +++ +++ 

Mycena longipes ** + 

Mycena longiseta ** + 

Mycena luteopallens NEW + 

Mycena maculata + + 

Mycena metata * ++ ++ 

Mycena olivaceomarginata +++ + 

Mycena parabolica +++ + +++ 

Mycena paucilamellata NEW + 

Mycena pura +++ +++ +++ 

Mycena purpure<strong>of</strong>usca +++ +++ +++ 

Mycena pusilla ** + + 

Mycena rorida +++ +++ 

Mycena roseipallens ** + 

Mycena sanguinolenta + 

Mycena speirea +++ +++ 

Mycena stannea * + + ++ 

Mycena subsupina + + + 

Mycoacia uda ** + + 

Nectria cinnabarina + ++ 

Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora 

+ 

** 

Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * +++ +++ 

Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora 

NEW 

Nolanea farinolens * + 

Nolanea fusciceps ++ + 

Nolanea hebes NEW + 

Nolanea hirtipes * +++ +++ ++ 

Nolanea holoconiota * ++ ++ 

Nolanea latifolia NEW + 

Nolanea obscurata * + 

Nolanea pseudostrictia * NEW + 

Nolanea sericea * + 

Nolanea subsolstitialis * + 

Nolanea substrictia * NEW + 

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica ** ++ 

Omphalina ericetorum +++ +++ + 

Omphalina obscurata ** + 

Omphalina pyxidata ** + 

Orbilia xanthostigma * NEW + + 

Ossicaulis lignatilis ** + 

36 

+



Otidea onotica * +++ + 

Oxyporus similis NEW + 

Panellus longinquus + + 

Panellus serotinus NEW ++ 

Panellus stipticus ** + 

Peniophora cinerea * + + 

Peniophora decorticans ++ + 

Peniophora incarnata * +++ + + 

Peniophora violaceolivida NEW + 

Perenniporia subacida + 

Peziza brunneoatra * NEW + 

Peziza repanda ** +++ 

Pezizella alniella NEW + 

Phaeohelotium subcarneum * + +++ +++ 

Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * ++ 

Phaeolus schweinitzii +++ ++ ++ 

Phanerochaete laevis * + 

Phanerochaete sordida NEW + 

Phellinus ferreus * +++ ++ +++ 

Phlebia radiata * + 

Pholiota albocrenulata ** + 

Pholiota aurivella NEW + 

Pholiota lenta NEW + 

Physisporinus rivulosus NEW + 

Pithya vulgaris * NEW + 

Pleurotus ostreatus NEW +++ 

Pluteus cervinus + +++ 

Pluteus plautus NEW + 

Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus 

** 

+ + 

Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus 

+ 

NEW 

Pluteus romellii ++ + 

Polyporus badius +++ ++ +++ 

Polyporus brumalis * NEW + 

Propolis versicolor * + 

Psathyrella candolleana * +++ 

Psathyrella hymenocephala * + 

Psathyrella longistriata + 

Psathyrella ocellata ** + 

Psathyrella olympiana ** + + 

Psathyrella paradoxa ** + 

Psathyrella piluliformis * NEW + 

Psathyrella senex ** + + + 

37



Psathyrella spadiceogrisea ** ++ 

Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis * + 

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum +++ +++ +++ 

Psilachnum chrysostigma NEW + 

Psilocybe crobula ** + 

Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa * NEW + 

Psilocybe inquilina * +++ + 

Psilocybe montana +++ 

Psilocybe pelliculosa * NEW + 

Pycnoporellus alboluteus ** + 

Ramaria acrisiccescens NEW + 

Ramaria aurantiisiccescens ** 

+ 

NEW 

Ramaria formosa NEW + 

Rhizopogon ellenae ** ++ + 

Rhizopogon parksii ++ 

Rhizopogon vinicolor * NEW + 

Rhodocollybia butyracea ++ +++ +++ 

Rhodocollybia maculata NEW + 

Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** +++ 

Rhodocybe mundula ** + 

Rhodocybe nitellina * +++ ++ ++ 

Rhodocybe nuciolens ** + + 

Rhodocybe priscua NEW + 

Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * NEW ++ + +++ 

Rhytisma punctatum + + + 

Rickenella fibula +++ 

Rickenella setipes * NEW ++ 

Rimbachia paludosa ** NEW + 

Russula abietina * + 

Russula bicolor ++ 

Russula brevipes ++ ++ 

Russula brevipes var. acrior + + 

Russula cascadensis ** ++ + + 

Russula cessans ** +++ +++ + 

Russula crenulata ** + 

Russula fragilis ++ + + 

Russula fragrantissima +++ +++ + 

Russula pelargonia NEW + 

Russula placita ++ 

Russula raoultii NEW + 

Russula sororia +++ +++ + 

Russula stuntzii * + ++ ++ 

Russula subalutacea NEW + 

38



Russula veternosa * +++ +++ +++ 

Russula xerampelina var. 

“isabelliniceps” NEW 

+ +++ 

Russula xerampelina var. semirubra +++ ++ ++ 

Sarcosphaera coronaria NEW + + 

Schizopora paradoxa NEW + 

Scopuloides rimosa NEW + 

Scutellinia scutellata +++ 

Simocybe rubi ** + 

Skeletocutis alutacea NEW + 

Sphaerobolus stellatus * +++ +++ 

Squamanita paradoxa ** NEW + 

Steccherinum ochraceum * ++ +++ 

Steccherinum oreophilum * NEW + 

Stereum hirsutum +++ +++ +++ 

Stereum rugosum NEW + 

Stereum sanguinolentum * +++ ++ +++ 

Stereum striatum * +++ +++ ++ 

Stictis radiata * +++ ++ + 

Strobilurus albipilatus * ++ ++ 

Strobilurus trullisatus +++ ++ +++ 

Stropharia ambigua ++ +++ +++ 

Subulicystidium longisporum NEW + 

Suillus caerulescens +++ + +++ 

Suillus lakei +++ + 

Tapesia fusca + ++ +++ 

Tephrocybe boudieri * + 

Tephrocybe ozes * + ++ 

Tephrocybe platypus * ++ + 

Tomentella coerulea * NEW + 

Tomentella subclaviger * NEW ++ 

Tomentella terrestris * NEW + 

Trametes hirsuta * + 

Trametes versicolor +++ + +++ 

Trechispora christiansenii * + ++ 

Tremella encephala * ++ 

Tremella foliacea ++ 

Tremella mesenterella ** ++ + 

Tremella mesenterica + 

Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * + 

Tremiscus helvelloides * + 

Trichaptum abietinum +++ +++ +++ 

Tricholoma sp. ** + + 

Tricholoma aurantium + 

39



Tricholoma bufonium ** NEW + 

Tricholoma leucophyllum ** ++ 

Tricholoma psammopus * NEW + 

Tricholoma scalpturatum ** + 

Tricholoma sulphureum +++ +++ +++ 

Tricholoma terreum +++ + +++ 

Tricholoma ustale * NEW + 

Tricholoma vaccinum + 

Tubaria conspersa + 

Tubaria furfuracea * ++ 

Tubaria hiemalis * ++ 

Tubaria punicea ** +++ 

Tubulicrinis glebulosus * + + +++ 

Tubulicrinis subulatus NEW + 

Tulostoma fimbriatum var. 

+++ 

campestre ** 

Typhula erythropus ** + + 

Tyromyces caesius ++ +++ +++ 

Tyromyces chioneus ++ + 

Tyromyces fragilis ++ ++ 

Tyromyces mollis * NEW ++ 

Xeromphalina campanella + +++ +++ 

Xeromphalina cornui ** + 

Xeromphalina fulvipes + +++ 

Xylaria hypoxylon ++ +++ +++ 

40



Appendix 2: Cumulative list <strong>of</strong> species from the last six 

surveys (2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09 & 

2009/10) 

Species 




2004/05 

41 

2005/06 

2006/07 

2007/08 

2008/09 

2009/10 

Agaricus arvensis x 

Agaricus diminutivus x x x x 

Agaricus hondensis x x x x x 

Agaricus micromegathus x x x x 

Agaricus praeclaresquamosus x x x x 

Agaricus silvicola x x x 

Agrocybe erebia * x 

Agrocybe praecox x x 

Agrocybe semiorbicularis x 

Alboleptania ochracea * x 

Albotricha laetior x 

Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum 

x 

** 

Aleurodiscus aurantius ** x x 

Aleurodiscus grantii x x x x x 

Aleurodiscus penicillatus * x x x x 

Alnicola bohemica * x 

Alnicola suavis ** x 

Amanita brunnescens * x 

Amanita gemmata x x x 

Amanita muscaria x 

Amanita pantherina x x x x 

Amanita porphyria x 

Amanita silvicola x 

Anthracobia ? x x 

Antrodia carbonica * x 

Antrodia malicola * x x x x 

Antrodia serialis x 

Antrodiella sp. x 

Armillaria gallica ? x



Armillaria ostoyae x x x x x 

Armillaria sinapina x 

Arrhenia spathulata x x x x 

Ascocoryne cylichnium ** x 

Astraeus hygrometricus * x x x x 

Athelia bombacina x 

Athelia neuh<strong>of</strong>fii x 

Athelidium sp. * x 

Auriscalpium vulgare x x x x x x 

Bisporella citrina x x x x x x 

Bisporella subpallida ** x x 

Bisporella sulfurina * x 

Bolbitius variicolor x 

Bolbitius vitellinus x x 

Boletus truncatus x x x x 

Boletus zelleri x x x 

Botryobasidium candicans x 

Botryobasidium obtusisporum * x x 

Botryohypochnus isabellinus x 

Bovista colorata ** x 

Bovista plumbea x x x x 

Bulgaria sp. x 

Byssonectria fusispora ** x 

Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* x x x x x x 

Calocera cornea x x x x x 

Calocera viscosa x x x x x 

Calocybe chrysentheron ** x 

Caloscypha fulgens x 

Camarophyllus pratensis * x x x x x x 

Camarophyllus russocoriaceus * x x 

Cantharellula umbonata * x x x 

Cantharellus formosus x x 

Ceriporia purpurea ** x x 

Ceriporia reticulata x 

Ceriporiopsis subvermispora x 

Chalciporus piperatus x x 

Chlorociboria aeruginascens x x x x 

Chlorophyllum rachodes x x x 

Chondrostereum purpureum * x x x 

42



Chromosera cyanophylla * x x x x x x 

Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * x x x 

Ciboria ruf<strong>of</strong>usca x 

Ciboria sp. ** x 

Claudopus byssisedus ** x x x x 

Claussenomyces atrovirens * x 

Clavaria vermicularis x x x 

Clavariadelphus truncatus x 

Clavulina cinerea * x x x x x 

Clavulina cristata x x x x x x 

Clavulina rugosa * x x x x x 

Clavulinopsis corniculata ** x x x 

Clavulinopsis fusiformis * x 

Clavulinopsis laeticolor * x x x x x 

Clavulinopsis umbrinella ** x 

Clitocybe alnetorum ? ** x 

Clitocybe brumalis x 

Clitocybe caccabus ? x 

Clitocybe cerussata ** x 

Clitocybe clavipes x x 

Clitocybe dealbata x x x 

Clitocybe deceptiva * x x x x x x 

Clitocybe elegantula * x x x x x x 

Clitocybe 'georgiana' ** x x x x 

Clitocybe gigantea ** x 

Clitocybe harmajae x 

Clitocybe incarnata x x 

Clitocybe nebularis * x x x 

Clitocybe obsoleta * x x x 

Clitocybe ornamentalis ** x 

Clitocybe radicellata * x x x x x 

Clitocybe subclavipes ? * x x 

Clitocybe subditopoda ? * x 

Clitocybe tenuissima * x 

Clitocybe trulliformis x x x x x 

Clitocybe trulliformis ? ** x x 

Clitocybe umbilicata * x x x 

Clitocybe vibecina * x x x x x 

Clitocybe vibecina ? ** x 

43



Clitopilus prunulus x x 

Coccomyces dentatus x x 

Coltricia cinnamomea x x x x 

Coltricia perennis x x 

Coniophora arida ** x 

Coniophora puteana ** x x 

Conocybe appendiculata ** x 

Conocybe brunneola ** x 

Conocybe dumetorum ** x x x 

Conocybe pilosella ** x x 

Conocybe rickeniana ** x 

Conocybe siennophylla ** x x 

Conocybe tenera * x x x 

Coprinus disseminatus x x 

Coprinus friesii x 

Coprinus gonophyllus ** x 

Coprinus impatiens ** x x x x 

Coprinus lagopus x x x x x 

Coprinus micaceus x x 

Coprinus niveus ** x x 

Coprinus plicatilis ? x 

Coprinus silvaticus * x 

Coprinus xanthothrix ** x x x 

Cordyceps militaris ** x 

Cortinarius acutus x x 

Cortinarius atrovirens x 

Cortinarius biformis x x 

Cortinarius caerulescens ** x 

Cortinarius californicus x x x x x x 

Cortinarius casimiri x x x x x 

Cortinarius ceraceus x x 

Cortinarius cinnamomeus x x x x x x 

Cortinarius croceus * x x 

Cortinarius duracinus x x 

Cortinarius elotus x 

Cortinarius epipoleus x 

Cortinarius evernius x 

Cortinarius fasciatus x 

Cortinarius fulmineus ** x 

44



Cortinarius glaucopus x x 

Cortinarius idahoensis ** x x x 

Cortinarius infractus x x 

Cortinarius leucopus * x x x x x x 

Cortinarius obtusus x 

Cortinarius olearioides x 

Cortinarius olivaceopictus ** x 

Cortinarius parevernius x 

Cortinarius phoeniceus x 

Cortinarius rigens x 

Cortinarius saturninus ** x x x 

Cortinarius scandens x x x x 

Cortinarius semisanguineus x x 

Cortinarius sertipes * x x x x 

Cortinarius sp. #1 x 

Cortinarius sp. #2 x 


Phlegmacium 

x 

Cortinarius spp., subgen. 

x x 

Telamonia 

Cortinarius subannulatus ** x x 

Cortinarius subbalaustinus * x 

Cortinarius suillus x 

Cortinarius velenovskyi * x 

Cortinarius venetus var. venetus * x 

Cortinarius vernus ** x x x x x 

Cortinarius zakii ** x 

Craterellus tubaeformis x 

Crepidotus epibryus x x x 

Crepidotus lundelli * x x x x x x 

Crepidotus mollis x x x x x 

Crepidotus subverrucisporus ** x x 

Crepidotus variabilis * x 

Crepidotus versutus ** x x x 

Crocicreas cyathoideum * x x 

Crucibulum laeve x x x x x 

Cryptoporus volvatus x x x x 

Cucurbitaria berberidis x 

Cucurbitaria spartii x 

Cudoniella clavus * x x 

45



Cyathus olla * x 

Cylindrobasidium laeve ** x x x x 

Cystoderma amianthinum x x x x x x 

Cystoderma fallax x x x x x x 

Cystoderma granulosum x x x x x x 

Cystolepiota seminuda x x x x x x 

Cytidia stereoides x x 

Dacrymyces capitatus * x x x x x 

Dacrymyces ovisporus ** x 

Dacrymyces palmatus x x x x x x 

Dacrymyces stillatus * x x x x x x 

Dendrothele incrustans x 

Dermoloma cuneifolium ** x 

Dermoloma pseudocuneifolium * x 

Diatrype disciformis x 

Dichostereum granulosum x x 

Discina perlata x 

Discinella boudieri * x 

Durella connivens * x 

Durella melanochlora x 

Durella sp. * x 

Endogone pisiformis * x 

Entoloma lignicola ** x x x 

Entoloma rhodopolium ** x 

Entoloma rhodopolium f.9278 ** x 

Exidia nucleata ** x 

Fayodia leucophylla x x 

Fayodia pseudoclusilis * x x x x x x 

Fayodia sp. x 

Flammulaster carpophilus var. 

x 

subincarnatus ** 

Flammulaster granulosus ** x 

Flammulina velutipes x 

Fomes fomentarius x x x 

Fomitopsis cajanderi x x x x x x 

Fomitopsis pinicola x x x x x x 


x x x x x 


Galerina autumnalis x x x x x x 

Galerina badipes * x x x x x x 

46



Galerina castaneipes ** x x 

Galerina cedretorum var. bispora x x x x x 


cedretorum 

x 


filiformis 

x 

Galerina cerina var. longicystis * x x 

Galerina cinnamomea ** x x x 

Galerina cuspidata x x 



x x x x x 

Galerina evelata var. evelata * x x x x x 

Galerina fallax f. fallax ** x x 

Galerina fibrillosa ** x x 

Galerina filiformis x x x 

Galerina heterocystis x x x x x x 

Galerina jaapii f. jaapii x x x 

Galerina jaapii f. mammillata x x x 

Galerina laticeps * x 

Galerina lubrica * x x x x 

Galerina mammillata * x x x x 

Galerina marginata * x x x x x 

Galerina minima * x x 

Galerina mniophila * x 

Galerina nigripes * x 

Galerina oregonensis x x x x x 

Galerina permixta x 

Galerina perplexa x 

Galerina pruinatipes var. 

fulvipes* 

x x x 

Galerina pruinatipes var. 

pruinatipes 

x 

Galerina pseudobadipes x x x 

Galerina pumila var. pumila x x x x x 

Galerina rostrata x x x 

Galerina sideroides * x x x x x x 

Galerina sp. x 

Galerina stylifera var. stylifera** x x 

Galerina subbadia * x x 

Galerina subfiliformis var. 

subfiliformis 

x 

47



Galerina subcerina x 

Galerina unicolor * x x x x 

Galerina vittiformis var. 

albescens f. bispora 

x x x 


albescens f. tetraspora * 

x x x x 


vittiformis f. tetraspora * 

x x x x x x 


vittiformis f. vittiformis * 

x x x 

Ganoderma applanatum x x x x 

Ganoderma tsugae x x x x 

Geoglossum glutinosum ** x 

Geoglossum umbratile ** x 

Geopyxis vulcanalis x x 

Gloeophyllum sepiarium x x 

Gnomonia cerastis x 

Gomphidius glutinosus * x x x x x 

Gomphidius oregonensis x x x x 

Gomphidius smithii x x x x 

Gomphidius subroseus x x x x x x 

Gomphus floccosus x x x x 

Gomphus kauffmanii ** x x 

Grandinia breviseta x 

Grandinia cineracea * x 

Grandinia crustosa x 

Grandinia sp. * x 

Grandinia subalutacea * x x 

Gymnopilus bellulus * x x x x 

Gymnopilus lute<strong>of</strong>olius ** x 

Gymnopilus picreus x x x x x 

Gymnopilus sapineus x x x x x 

Gymnopus alcalivirens * x 

Gymnopus biformis ** x x x 

Gymnopus confluens x x x x x 

Gymnopus dryophilus * x x x x 

Gymnopus earleae * x x 

Gymnopus erythropus ** x 

Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * x x x x x x 

Gymnopus luxurians * x 

48



Gymnopus ocior ? * x 

Gymnopus peronatus x x 

Gymnopus putillus * x x x 

Gymnopus subnudus x 

Gymnopus subsulphureus * x x 

Gyromitra esculenta x x 

Hapalopilus salmonicolor ** x x 

Haplotrichum conspersum? ** x x 

Hebeloma birrus x x x 

Hebeloma crustuliniforme x x x x x 

Hebeloma fragilipes x 

Hebeloma hiemale * x x x x x 

Hebeloma incarnatulum x 

Hebeloma lutense * x x 

Hebeloma mesophaeum x x x x x x 

Hebeloma populinum x 

Hebeloma praeolidum x 

Hebeloma pusillum x x 

Hebeloma sacchariolens x x x x x 

Hebeloma sinapizans ** x 

Hebeloma sinapizans? ** x x 

Hebeloma velutipes * x x 

Helvella compressa * x x x 

Helvella lacunosa x x x x x x 

Helvella maculata * x x x 

Helvella villosa ** x x 

Hemimycena crispata * x 

Hemimycena cucullata * x 

Hemimycena ignobilis * x 

Hemimycena nebulophila x x 

Hemimycena pithya x 

Hemimycena pseudocrispula * x 

Hemimycena subimmaculata * x 

Hemimycena tortuosa ** x x x 

Hericium erinaceus x 

Heterobasidion annosum x 

Heterotextus alpinus x x x 

Heterotextus luteus * x x x x 

Hohenbuehelia petaloides x x x x x x 

49



Humaria hemisphaerica ** x x x x 


albohyalina 

Hyaloscypha fuckelii x 

Hyaloscypha herbarum x 

Hyaloscypha vitreola x 

Hydnellum aurantiacum x 

Hydnum repandum x x x 

Hydnum umbilicatum x x x x x 

Hygrocybe conica x x x x x 

Hygrocybe miniata x x x x 

Hygrocybe parvula ** x x 

Hygrocybe persistens ** x x x 

Hygrocybe psittacina * x x x 

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca x x x 

Hygrophoropsis olida x 

Hygrophorus agathosmus x x 

Hygrophorus chrysodon x 

Hygrophorus eburneus x 

Hygrophorus occidentalis * x 

Hygrophorus piceae x 

Hymenochaete rubiginosa * x x x x 

Hymenochaete tabacina * x x x x 

Hymenoscyphus albidus ** x x 

Hymenoscyphus caudatus * x x 

Hymenoscyphus fructigenus * x x 

Hymenoscyphus phyllogenus x 

Hymenoscyphus salicellus ** x x 

Hymenoscyphus scutula * x 

Hymenoscyphus sp. * x 

Hymenoscyphus subtilis * x 

Hymenoscyphus virgultorum ** x 

Hyphoderma amoenum x 

Hyphoderma mutatum x 

Hyphoderma praetermissum x 

Hyphoderma puberum x 

Hyphoderma roseocremeum x 

Hyphoderma setigerum * x 

Hyphodermella corrugata * x 

50 

x



Hypholoma capnoides x x x x x 

Hypholoma fasciculare x x x x x x 

Hypholoma radicosum x 

Hypochnicium geogenium x 

Hypochnicium punctulatum x 

Hypocrea gelatinosa ** x 

Hypocrea pulvinata ** x x 

Hypocrea rufa x 

Hypocrea sp. ** x 

Hypomyces cervinigenus x x x x 

Hypomyces lactifluorum x x x x 

Hypoxylon rubiginosum * x x 

Hysterographium fraxini * x x 

Inocephalus cystomarginatus ** x 

Inocephalus minutopilus ** x 

Inocephalus rhombisporus ** x 

Inocybe abjecta x x x 

Inocybe agglutinata ** x x 

Inocybe amblyspora * x 

Inocybe assimilata x x x x 

Inocybe auricoma x x 

Inocybe calida ** x x 

Inocybe cincinnata var. major ** x x 

Inocybe cinnamomea * x x x x 

Inocybe curvipes x 

Inocybe dulcamara * x 


** 

x x x 

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula x x x x 

** 

Inocybe fuscodisca * x x x x x 

Inocybe geophylla x x x x x x 

Inocybe glabrescens ** x 

Inocybe glabrodisca ** x x 

Inocybe grammata * x x x x x 

Inocybe griseolilacina * x x x x x x 

Inocybe hirtella?** x 

Inocybe hotsoniana x 

Inocybe inodora ** x 

Inocybe jacobi ** x x 

51



Inocybe kauffmanii ** x x x 

Inocybe lacera var. helobia * x x x 

Inocybe lacera var. lacera * x x x x x x 

Inocybe lanuginosa var. 

lanuginosa * 

x x x x 


x x 

ovatocystis 

Inocybe leiocephala ** x x x 

Inocybe lilacina x x x x x x 

Inocybe mixtilis * x x x x x x 

Inocybe nitidiuscula * x x x x x x 

Inocybe phaeodisca var. 

geophylloides * 

x 

Inocybe phaeodisca var. 

x 

phaeodisca * 

Inocybe praetervisa ** x 

Inocybe pseudodestricta ** x x x 

Inocybe pudica * x x x x x x 

Inocybe pusio ** x x x 

Inocybe rimosa var. rimosa ** x 

Inocybe sindonia ** x x x x 

Inocybe soluta x 

Inocybe sororia x x x x 

Inocybe splendens var. 

x 

phaeoleuca * 

Inocybe stellatospora ** x x x 

Inocybe subcarpta ** x x x x x 

Inocybe terrigena ** x 

Inocybe xanthomelas ** x x x 

Inonotus tomentosus x 

Irpex lacteus * x x x x 

Ischnoderma benzoinum x 

Jahnoporus hirtus x x x x 

Kuehneromyces vernalis * x x 

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis x x x x x x 

Laccaria bicolor x x x 

Laccaria laccata x x x x x x 

Laccaria tetraspora * x x x x x 

Lachnella alboviolascens ** x x x x 

Lachnellula calyciformis * x x x 

52



Lachnellula gallica * x x 

Lachnellula occidentalis * x x 

Lachnum impudicum * x x x x 

Lachnum virgineum x x x 

Lachnum brevipilosum ** x x x 

Lachnum fasciculare * x x 

Lachnum pudibundum x 

Lachnum pygmaeum x 

Lactarius fragilis x x x 

Lactarius luculentus * x x x x 

Lactarius occidentalis x 

Lactarius pseudomucidus x 

Lactarius rubrilacteus x x x x 

Lactarius subflammeus x 

Lactarius subviscidus * x x x x x x 

Lactarius uvidus x x 

Laeticorticium minnsiae ** x 

Lanzia luteovirescens ** x x x 

Leccinum manzanitae x 

Lentaria pinicola * x x x x x x 

Lentinellus flabelliformis * x x x 

Lentinellus omphalodes * x x x 

Lenzites betulina x 

Lepiota boudieri ** x x x x 

Lepiota carinii ** x x 

Lepiota castanea * x x x x x x 

Lepiota clypeolaria * x x 

Lepiota cristata x x x x 

Lepiota ignipes ** x x x x 

Lepiota josserandii x x x x 

Lepiota pseudoasperula ** x 

Lepiota pseud<strong>of</strong>elina ** x 

Lepiota rubrotincta ** x 

Lepiota sp. x x 

Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 1** x 

Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 2 ** x 

Lepiota subincarnata * x 

Lepiota tomentella ** x 

Lepiota ventriosospora x x x x x 

53



Lepista densifolia * x 

Lepista inversa x x 

Lepista nuda x x x x 

Leptonia badissima ** x 

Leptonia convexa var. badiodorsa 

x 

** 

Leptonia diversa * x 

Leptonia earlei ** x 

Leptonia exalbida x 

Leptonia sp. x 

Leptonia turci * x 

Leptonia yatesii ** x 

Leptosphaeria acuta * x 

Leucoagaricus naucinus x x 

Leucopaxillus albissimus x x 

Leucopaxillus amarus x x x x 

Leucopaxillus septentrionalis ** x 

Limacella illinita ** x 

Limacella ochraceolutea ** x x x 

Lycoperdon arbuticola * x x x x x 

Lycoperdon perlatum x x x x x x 

Lycoperdon pusillum ** x x 

Lyophyllum semitale x x x 

Lyophyllum sp. x 

Macrocystidia cucumis var. 

x x x 

latifolia ** 

Marasmiellus candidus x x x x x x 

Marasmiellus pluvius ** x x 

Marasmiellus ramealis ** x 

Marasmius androsaceus * x x x x x 

Marasmius chordalis ** x 

Marasmius plicatulus x x x x x x 

Marasmius salalis x x x x x 

Marasmius scorodonius ** x 

Melanoleuca alb<strong>of</strong>lavida? ** x 

Melanoleuca cognata ** x 

Melanoleuca stridula x x x x x x 

Melanophyllum echinatum ** x 

Melanotus horizontalis ** x x x x 

Meruliopsis corium * x x x x 

54



Micromphale arbuticola x x x x x 

Micromphale perforans * x x 

Mollisia cinerea x 

Mollisia discolor * x 

Mollisia livid<strong>of</strong>usca * x x 

Mollisia sp. ** x 

Mollisia ventosa * x 

Morchella elata x 

Mucronella alba ** x x x x 

Mucronella bresadolae ** x x x x 

Mycena abramsii * x x x x 

Mycena acicula ** x x x 

Mycena adonis x x x x x 

Mycena albissima * x x x 

Mycena albogrisea x 

Mycena alcalina x x x x x x 

Mycena alcaliniformis? * x 

Mycena algeriensis ** x x x x x 

Mycena amicta * x x x x x x 

Mycena atroalboides x x x x x 

Mycena aurantiidisca x x 

Mycena aurantiomarginata x 

Mycena capillaripes * x x x x 

Mycena capillaris * x 

Mycena chlorinella x 

Mycena cineraria ** x 

Mycena cinerella ** x x 

Mycena citrinomarginata * x x x 

Mycena clavata x 

Mycena clavicularis ** x x 

Mycena corticaticeps ** x 

Mycena corynephora ** x 

Mycena debilis * x x x 

Mycena delectabilis? * x 

Mycena delicatella * x x x x x x 

Mycena elegans * x x x 

Mycena elegantula * x x x x x 

Mycena epipterygia x x x x x 

Mycena excisa * x 

55



Mycena filopes x x x x x 

Mycena flavescens * x 

Mycena flavoalba x x x 

Mycena fragillima * x x x x x 

Mycena fuliginella * x 

Mycena fusco-ocula x x x x x 

Mycena galericulata x x x x x 

Mycena galopus x x x x 

Mycena gypsea * x 

Mycena haematopus var. 

x x x x 

marginata 

Mycena hiemalis * x x 

Mycena inclinata * x x x 

Mycena iodiolens x x x x 

Mycena kauffmaniana ** x 

Mycena leptocephala x x x x x x 

Mycena longipes ** x x 

Mycena longiseta ** x x x 

Mycena luteopallens x 

Mycena maculata x x x x x 

Mycena magna ** x 

Mycena metata * x x x 

Mycena minutissima * x 

Mycena olivaceomarginata x x x x x 

Mycena oregonensis ** x 

Mycena parabolica x x x x x x 

Mycena paucilamellata x 

Mycena pura x x x x x 

Mycena purpure<strong>of</strong>usca x x x x x x 

Mycena pusilla ** x x 

Mycena rorida x x x x x 

Mycena roseipallens ** x x 

Mycena rugulosiceps x x x 

Mycena rutilantiformis ** x 

Mycena sanguinolenta x x x x x 

Mycena speirea x x x x x x 

Mycena stannea * x x x x 

Mycena subcana x x 

Mycena subcuccullata x x x x 

56



Mycena subplicosa * x 

Mycena subsupina x x x x x 

Mycena supina * x x 

Mycena tenella x x x 

Mycena vitilis * x x x x 

Mycenella nodulosa ** x 

Mycoacia uda ** x x x 

Nectria cinnabarina x x 

Nectria fuckeliana var. 

x x x 

macrospora ** 

Nidula niveotomentosa * x x x x x 

Nolanea bicoloriceps ** x 

Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * x x x x x x 

Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora x 

Nolanea farinolens * x x x x x x 

Nolanea fructifragrans ** x x 

Nolanea fusciceps x x x 

Nolanea hebes x 

Nolanea hirtipes * x x x x x x 

Nolanea holoconiota * x x x 

Nolanea latifolia x 

Nolanea lucida * x x x x x 

Nolanea obscurata * x x 

Nolanea pseudostrictia * x 

Nolanea pusullipapillata * x x 

Nolanea sericea * x x x x 

Nolanea sp. x 

Nolanea staurospora var. 

incrustata f. incrustata ** 

x 

Nolanea subsolstitialis * x x 

Nolanea substrictia * x 

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica x x x x 

** 

Omphalina discorosea ** x 

Omphalina epichysum * x 

Omphalina ericetorum x x x x x x 

Omphalina obscurata ** x x x 

Omphalina pyxidata ** x x x 

Omphalina rickenii x 

Omphalina sp. x 

57



Omphalina velutipes x x 

Omphalina velutipes ? x 

Orbilia xanthostigma * x 

Ossicaulis lignatilis ** x x 

Otidea alutacea * x 

Otidea onotica * x x x x x 

Otidea smithii ** x x 

Oxyporus similis x 

Panaeolus cinctulus ** x 

Panaeolus foenisecii * x 

Panellus longinquus x x x x x 

Panellus mitis ** x 

Panellus serotinus x 

Panellus stipticus ** x x x 

Paraeccilia sericeonitida ** x 

Peniophora aurantiaca ** x x 

Peniophora cinerea * x x 

Peniophora decorticans x x 

Peniophora incarnata * x x x x 

Peniophora polygonia ** x x 

Peniophora violaceolivida x 

Perenniporia subacida x x x 

Peziza brunneoatra * x 

Peziza repanda ** x x x x x 

Pezizella alniella x 

Phaeohelotium extumescens ** x 

Phaeohelotium subcarneum * x x 

Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * x x x x x 

Phaeolus schweinitzii x x x x x x 

Phanerochaete laevis * x x 

Phanerochaete sordida x 

Phellinus ferreus * x x x x 

Phellinus ferruginosus * x x x 

Phellinus pini x x x 

Phellodon atratus * x 

Phlebia livida ** x 

Phlebia radiata * x x 

Pholiota albocrenulata ** x x 

Pholiota astragalina * x 

58



Pholiota aurivella x 

Pholiota decorata x x 

Pholiota gramminis ** x 

Pholiota lenta x 

Pholiota malicola x 

Pholiota oedipus ? * x 

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus x x 

Physisporinus rivulosus x 

Pithya vulgaris * x 

Plectania melastoma * x 

Pleurotus dryinus * x x x 

Pleurotus ostreatus x 

Pluteus cervinus x x x x x 

Pluteus cinere<strong>of</strong>uscus ** x 

Pluteus exiguus ** x x 

Pluteus leoninus ** x 

Pluteus nanus f. nanus ** x 

Pluteus pallescens ** x x 

Pluteus plautus x 

Pluteus podospileus f. 

minutissimus ** 

x x 


x 

podospileus 

Pluteus pouzarianus ** x 

Pluteus romellii x x x x x 

Polydesmia pruinosa ** x 

Polyporus badius x x x x x x 

Polyporus brumalis * x 

Polyporus decurrens ** x x 

Pouzarella fulvostrigosa ** x 

Pouzarella versatilis ** x 

Primitive ascomycete ** x 

Propolis versicolor * x x 

Psathyrella bifrons ? x 

Psathyrella candolleana * x x x 

Psathyrella cernua x 

Psathyrella distans ** x 

Psathyrella hymenocephala * x x 

Psathyrella longistriata x x x x x x 

Psathyrella microrrhiza * x 

59



Psathyrella murcida ? x x 

Psathyrella nolitangere ** x 

Psathyrella ocellata ** x x x x x x 

Psathyrella olympiana ** x x x x 

Psathyrella paradoxa ** x x x x x x 

Psathyrella piluliformis * x 

Psathyrella prona var. prona ** x x 

Psathyrella pseudotrepida ** x x 

Psathyrella sacchariolens ** x 

Psathyrella senex ** x x 

Psathyrella sp. no. 1 x 

Psathyrella sp. no. 2 x 

Psathyrella spadiceogrisea ** x x x 

Psathyrella subcaerulea var. 

subcaerulea ** 

x 

Psathyrella subhepatica ** x x 

Psathyrella subnuda var. velosa 

x x 

** 

Psathyrella tephrophylla * x x x x 

Psathyrella vesiculocystis ** x x 

Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis * x x x x x 

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum x x x x x x 

Pseudoplectania melaena x x x 

Psilachnum chrysostigma x 

Psilocybe crobula ** x x 

Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa * x 

Psilocybe inquilina * x x x x x 

Psilocybe montana x x x x x x 

Psilocybe pelliculosa * x 

Psilocybe phyllogena ** x x x x 

Pycnoporellus alboluteus ** x x x 

Ramaria acrisiccescens x 

Ramaria aurantiisiccescens ** x 

Ramaria fennica x 

Ramaria flaccida x 

Ramaria formosa x 

Ramaria gracilis ? x 

Ramaria myceliosa ** x x 

Ramaria rubiginosa ** x 

Ramaria stricta * x 

60



Resupinatus applicatus ** x 

Rhizopogon ellenae ** x x 

Rhizopogon parksii x x x 

Rhizopogon sp. x 

Rhizopogon vinicolor * x 

Rhodocollybia badiialba x 

Rhodocollybia butyracea x x x x x x 

Rhodocollybia maculata x 

Rhodocollybia oregonensis x x x 

Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** x x x 

Rhodocybe hirneola ** x x x 

Rhodocybe melleopallens ** x x 

Rhodocybe mundula ** x x x x 

Rhodocybe nitellina * x x x x x x 

Rhodocybe nuciolens ** x x x 

Rhodocybe priscua x 

Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * x 

Rhytisma punctatum x x 

Rickenella fibula x x x x 

Rickenella setipes * x 

Rimbachia bryophila ** x 

Rimbachia paludosa ** x 

Ripartites metrodii x 

Ripartites sp. x 

Russula abietina * x x 

Russula alutacea ** x 

Russula bicolor x x x x x 

Russula brevipes x x x x x 

Russula brevipes var. acrior x x x x 

Russula cascadensis ** x x 

Russula cessans ** x x 

Russula crenulata ** x x x 

Russula densifolia ** x x 

Russula fragilis x x x x 

Russula fragrantissima x x x x x x 

Russula maculata x 

Russula mariae * x 

Russula murrillii * x x x 

Russula pelargonia x 

61



Russula placita x x x 

Russula queletii x 

Russula raoultii x 

Russula sororia x x x x x x 

Russula stuntzii * x x x x 

Russula subalutacea x 

Russula turci x 

Russula velenovskyi ** x 

Russula veternosa * x x x x 


“isabelliniceps” 

x 


x x x x x 

semirubra 

Sarcosoma mexicana ** x 

Sarcosphaera coronaria x 

Schizopora paradoxa x 

Scleroderma areolatum * x 

Scleroderma cepa x x 

Scopuloides rimosa x 

Scutellinia scutellata x x x 

Simocybe centunculus? ** x 

Simocybe rubi ** x x x x 

Skeletocutis alutacea x 

Skeletocutis odora * x 

Sparassis crispa x x x 

Sphaerobolus stellatus * x x x x x x 

Squamanita paradoxa ** x 

Steccherinum ochraceum * x x x 

Steccherinum oreophilum * x 

Stereum hirsutum x x x x x x 

Stereum rugosum x 

Stereum sanguinolentum * x x x x 

Stereum striatum * x x x x x x 

Stictis radiata * x x 

Strobilurus albipilatus * x x 

Strobilurus trullisatus x x x x x 

Stropharia ambigua x x x x x x 

Subulicystidium longisporum x 

Suillus caerulescens x x x x x x 

Suillus lakei x x x x x x 

62



Tapesia fusca x x x x x 

Taphrina alni x 

Tapinella atrotomentosa x x 

Tapinella panuoides x 

Tarzetta gaillardiana ** x 

Tephrocybe anthracophila ** x x 

Tephrocybe boudieri * x x x x x 

Tephrocybe fusispora ** x 

Tephrocybe implexa ** x x 

Tephrocybe oldae ** x x 

Tephrocybe ozes * x x x x x 

Tephrocybe platypus * x x 

Tephrocybe sp. x x 

Tephrocybe tylicolor ** x x 

Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** x x x 

Thelephora anthocephala ** x x 

Thelephora palmata x x x 

Thelephora terrestris x x x x 

Tomentella coerulea * x 

Tomentella subclavigera * x 

Tomentella terrestris * x 

Trametes hirsuta * x x x 

Trametes versicolor x x x x x x 

Trechispora christiansenii * x x 

Trechispora mollusca * x 

Tremella encephala * x x x x x 

Tremella foliacea x x 

Tremella mesenterella ** x x x x x 

Tremella mesenterella aff. * x 

Tremella mesenterica x x x x x 

Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * x x x x 

Tremiscus helvelloides * x x x x 

Trichaptum abietinum x x x x x x 

Trichoglossum hirsutum * x 

Tricholoma sp. ** x x x x 

Tricholoma aurantium x x x 

Tricholoma bufonium ** x 

Tricholoma gausapatum * x 

Tricholoma leucophyllum ** x x x x 

63



Tricholoma myomyces ** x x 

Tricholoma pardinum x x 

Tricholoma pessundatum x 

Tricholoma psammopus * x 

Tricholoma saponaceum x x 

Tricholoma scalpturatum ** x x x x 

Tricholoma sulphureum x x x x x 

Tricholoma terreum x x x x x x 

Tricholoma ustale * x 

Tricholoma vaccinum x x x x x 

Tricholoma virgatum x x x 

Tubaria conspersa x x x x x 

Tubaria furfuracea * x x 

Tubaria hiemalis * x x x x x x 

Tubaria praestans ** x x 

Tubaria punicea ** x x x x x 

Tubulicrinis glebulosus * x x 

Tubulicrinis subulatus x 


x x 

campestre ** 

Typhula erythropus ** x x x 

Typhula sp. * x 

Tyromyces caesius x x x x x x 

Tyromyces chioneus x x x x x x 

Tyromyces fragilis x x x x x x 

Tyromyces mollis * x 

Tyromyces sp. x 

Unguicularia aspera x 

Unguicullela sp. * x 

Vascellum lloydianum * x x 

Wilcoxina rehmii ** x 

Xeromphalina campanella x x x x x 

Xeromphalina cornui ** x x x x 

Xeromphalina fulvipes x x x x x x 

Xylaria hypoxylon x x x x x x 

64



Appendix 3: Alphabetical list – Observatory Hill 2009/2010 




Agaricus diminutivus 

Agaricus hondensis 

Agaricus micromegathus 

Agaricus 

praeclaresquamosus 

Agrocybe praecox 

Agrocybe semiorbicularis 

NEW 

Albotricha laetior NEW 

Aleurodiscus aurantius ** 

Aleurodiscus grantii 

Aleurodiscus penicillatus * 

Alnicola bohemica * 

NEW 

Amanita brunnescens * 

NEW 

Amanita gemmata 

Amanita muscaria NEW 

Amanita pantherina 

Amanita silvicola NEW 

Antrodia malicola * 

Antrodia serialis NEW 

Antrodiella sp. NEW 

Armillaria gallica? NEW 

Armillaria ostoyae 

Armillaria sinapina NEW 

Arrhenia spathulata 

Astraeus hygrometricus * 

Athelia bombacina NEW 

Athelia neuh<strong>of</strong>fii NEW 

Auriscalpium vulgare 

Bisporella citrina 

Bisporella subpallida ** 

Bisporella sulfurina * 

NEW 

Bolbitius variicolor NEW 

Boletus truncatus 

Botryobasidium candicans 

NEW 

Botryobasidium 

obtusisporum * 

Botryohypochnus 

isabellinus NEW 

Bovista plumbea 

Callistosporium luteoolivaceum* 

Calocera cornea 

Calocera viscosa 

Caloscypha fulgens NEW 

Camarophyllus pratensis * 

Camarophyllus 

russocoriaceus * 

Cantharellula umbonata * 

Cantharellus formosus 

Ceriporia purpurea ** 

Ceriporia reticulata NEW 

Ceriporiopsis 

subvermispora NEW 

Chalciporus piperatus 

Chlorophyllum rachodes 

Chondrostereum 

purpureum * 

Chromosera cyanophylla * 

Chrysomphalina 

aurantiaca * 

Ciboria ruf<strong>of</strong>usca NEW 

Claudopus byssisedus ** 

Claussenomyces atrovirens 

* NEW 

Clavulina cinerea * 

Clavulina cristata 

65 

Clavulina rugosa * 

Clavulinopsis laeticolor * 

Clitocybe dealbata 

Clitocybe deceptiva * 

Clitocybe elegantula * 

Clitocybe 'georgiana' ** 

Clitocybe radicellata * 

Clitocybe trulliformis 

Clitocybe vibecina * 

Clitopilus prunulus 

Coccomyces dentatus 

Coltricia cinnamomea 

Coltricia perennis 

Coniophora puteana ** 

Conocybe dumetorum ** 

Conocybe siennophylla ** 

Conocybe tenera 

Coprinus disseminatus 

Coprinus impatiens ** 

Coprinus lagopus 

Coprinus xanthothrix ** 

Cortinarius biformis 

Cortinarius californicus 

Cortinarius casimiri 

Cortinarius cinnamomeus 

Cortinarius elotus NEW 

Cortinarius epipoleus 

NEW 

Cortinarius evernius 

NEW 

Cortinarius fasciatus 

NEW 

Cortinarius glaucopus 

Cortinarius idahoensis ** 

Cortinarius leucopus * 

Cortinarius obtusus NEW

Cortinarius olearioides 

NEW 

Cortinarius parevernius 

NEW 

Cortinarius scandens 

Cortinarius 

semisanguineus 

Cortinarius sertipes * 


Phlegmacium NEW 

Cortinarius suillus NEW 

Cortinarius venetus var. 

venetus * NEW 

Cortinarius vernus ** 

Crepidotus lundelli * 

Crepidotus mollis 

Crepidotus 

subverrucisporus ** 

Crocicreas cyathoideum * 

Crucibulum laeve 

Cryptoporus volvatus 

Cudoniella clavus * 

Cylindrobasidium laeve 

Cystoderma amianthinum 

Cystoderma fallax 

Cystoderma granulosum 

Cystolepiota seminuda 


Dacrymyces palmatus 

Dacrymyces stillatus * 

Dendrothele incrustans 

NEW 

Dichostereum granulosum 

Discina perlata NEW 

Durella melanochlora 

NEW 

Endogone pisiformis * 

NEW 

Fayodia pseudoclusilis * 

Fomes fomentarius 

Fomitopsis cajanderi 

Fomitopsis pinicola 





Galerina autumnalis 

Galerina badipes * 

Galerina castaneipes ** 


bispora 



Galerina cinnamomea ** 

Galerina dimorphocystis 

var. dimorphocystis 

Galerina evelata var. 

evelata * 

Galerina fallax f. fallax ** 

Galerina filiformis 

Galerina heterocystis 

Galerina nigripes * NEW 

Galerina oregonensis 

Galerina perplexa NEW 

Galerina pumila var. 

pumila 

Galerina rostrata 

Galerina sideroides * 

Galerina subcerina NEW 

Galerina unicolor * 


albescens f. tetraspora * 



Ganoderma applanatum 

Ganoderma tsugae 

Geoglossum glutinosum ** 

NEW 

Geopyxis vulcanalis 

Gomphidius glutinosus * 

Gomphidius oregonensis 

Gomphidius subroseus 

Gomphus floccosus 

Gomphus kauffmanii ** 

Grandinia breviseta NEW 

Grandinia crustosa NEW 

66 

Grandinia subalutacea * 

Gymnopilus bellulus * 

Gymnopilus picreus 

Gymnopilus sapineus 

Gymnopus biformis ** 

Gymnopus confluens 

Gymnopus dryophilus * 

Gymnopus earleae * 

Gymnopus fuscopurpureus 

Gymnopus peronatus 

Gymnopus putillus * 

Gymnopus subsulphureus 

* 

Haplotrichum conspersum 

? ** 

Hebeloma birrus 

Hebeloma fragilipes NEW 

Hebeloma hiemale * 

Hebeloma incarnatulum 

NEW 

Hebeloma lutense * 

Hebeloma mesophaeum 

Hebeloma populinum 

NEW 

Hebeloma praeolidum 

NEW 

Hebeloma sacchariolens 

Hebeloma velutipes * 

Helvella lacunosa 

Helvella villosa ** 

Hemimycena ignobilis * 

NEW 

Hemimycena nebulophila 

Hemimycena 

pseudocrispula * NEW 

Hemimycena 

subimmaculata * NEW 

Hemimycena tortuosa ** 

Hericium erinaceus NEW 

Heterobasidion annosum 

NEW 

Heterotextus luteus *

Hohenbuehelia petaloides 

Hyaloscypha albohyalina 

var. albohyalina NEW 

Hyaloscypha fuckelii 

NEW 

Hyaloscypha herbarum 

NEW 

Hyaloscypha vitreola 

NEW 

Hydnum repandum 

Hydnum umbilicatum 

Hygrocybe conica 

Hygrocybe miniata 

Hygrocybe persistens ** 

Hygrocybe psittacina * 

Hygrophorus chrysodon 

NEW 

Hygrophorus eburneus 

NEW 

Hygrophorus occidentalis 

* NEW 

Hymenochaete tabacina * 

Hymenoscyphus albidus ** 

Hymenoscyphus caudatus 

* 

Hymenoscyphus 

fructigenus * 

Hymenoscyphus 

phyllogenus NEW 

Hymenoscyphus salicellus 

** 

Hyphoderma amoenum 

NEW 

Hyphoderma mutatum 

NEW 

Hyphoderma 

praetermissum NEW 

Hyphoderma puberum 

NEW 

Hyphoderma 

roseocremeum NEW 

Hypholoma capnoides 



Hypholoma fasciculare 

Hypholoma radicosum 

NEW 

Hypochnicium geogenium 

NEW 

Hypochnicium 

punctulatum NEW 

Hypocrea pulvinata ** 

Hypocrea rufa NEW 

Hypomyces cervinigenus 

Hypomyces lactifluorum 

Hypoxylon rubiginosum * 

Hysterographium fraxini* 

Inocephalus 

cystomarginatus ** NEW 

Inocybe abjecta 

Inocybe agglutinata ** 

Inocybe amblyspora * 

NEW 

Inocybe assimilata 

Inocybe auricoma 

Inocybe calida ** 

Inocybe cincinnata var. 

major ** 

Inocybe curvipes NEW 

Inocybe flocculosa var. 

flocculosa ** 

Inocybe fuscidula var. 

fuscidula ** 

Inocybe geophylla 

Inocybe grammata * 

Inocybe griseolilacina * 

Inocybe kauffmanii ** 

Inocybe lacera var. helobia 

* 

Inocybe lacera var. lacera 

* 


lanuginosa * 


ovatocystis 

Inocybe leiocephala ** 

67 

Inocybe lilacina 

Inocybe mixtilis * 

Inocybe nitidiuscula * 

Inocybe pseudodestricta ** 

Inocybe pudica * 

Inocybe pusio ** 

Inocybe sindonia ** 

Inocybe soluta NEW 

Inocybe sororia 

Inocybe stellatospora ** 

Inocybe subcarpta ** 

Inocybe xanthomelas ** 

Irpex lacteus * 

Ischnoderma benzoinum 

NEW 

Kuehneromyces vernalis * 

Laccaria amethysteooccidentalis 

Laccaria laccata 

Laccaria tetraspora * 

Lachnella alboviolascens 

** 

Lachnellula calyciformis * 

Lachnellula gallica * 

Lachnellula occidentalis * 

Lachnum impudicum * 

Lachnum virgineum 

Lachnum brevipilosum ** 

Lachnum fasciculare * 

Lachnum pudibundum 

NEW 

Lachnum pygmaeum 

NEW 

Lactarius occidentalis 

NEW 

Lactarius rubrilacteus 

Lactarius subflammeus 

NEW 

Lactarius subviscidus * 

Lactarius uvidus 

Lanzia luteovirescens ** 

Lentaria pinicola *

Lentinellus omphalodes 

Lepiota boudieri ** 

Lepiota castanea * 

Lepiota josserandii 

Lepiota ventriosospora 

Lepista densifolia * NEW 

Lepista inversa 

Lepista nuda 

Leptonia badissima ** 

NEW 

Leucoagaricus naucinus 

Leucopaxillus amarus 

Lycoperdon perlatum 

Lycoperdon pusillum ** 

Lyophyllum semitale 

Marasmiellus candidus 

Marasmius androsaceus * 

Marasmius plicatulus 

Marasmius salalis 

Melanoleuca alb<strong>of</strong>lavida ? 

** NEW 

Melanoleuca stridula 

Meruliopsis corium * 

Micromphale arbuticola 

Micromphale perforans * 

Mollisia cinerea NEW 

Mollisia livid<strong>of</strong>usca * 

Morchella elata NEW 

Mucronella alba ** 

Mucronella bresadolae ** 

Mycena abramsii * 

Mycena acicula ** 

Mycena adonis 

Mycena alcalina 

Mycena algeriensis ** 

Mycena amicta * 

Mycena atroalboides 

Mycena capillaripes * 

Mycena cinerella ** 

Mycena clavata NEW 

Mycena clavicularis ** 



Mycena corynephora ** 

NEW 

Mycena delicatella * 

Mycena elegantula * 

Mycena epipterygia 

Mycena filopes 

Mycena fusco-ocula 

Mycena galericulata 

Mycena haematopus var. 

marginata 

Mycena inclinata * 

Mycena leptocephala 

Mycena longipes ** 

Mycena longiseta ** 

Mycena luteopallens 

NEW 

Mycena maculata 

Mycena metata * 

Mycena olivaceomarginata 

Mycena parabolica 

Mycena paucilamellata 

NEW 

Mycena pura 

Mycena purpure<strong>of</strong>usca 

Mycena pusilla ** 

Mycena rorida 

Mycena roseipallens ** 

Mycena sanguinolenta 

Mycena speirea 

Mycena stannea * 

Mycena subsupina 

Mycoacia uda ** 

Nectria cinnabarina 

Nectria fuckeliana var. 

macrospora ** 

Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata 

* 

Nolanea cetrata f. 

mediospora NEW 

Nolanea farinolens * 

Nolanea fusciceps 

Nolanea hebes NEW 

68 

Nolanea hirtipes * 

Nolanea holoconiota * 

Nolanea latifolia NEW 

Nolanea obscurata * 

Nolanea pseudostrictia * 

NEW 

Nolanea sericea * 

Nolanea subsolstitialis * 

Nolanea substrictia * 

NEW 

Nolanea verna var. 

isodiametrica ** 

Omphalina ericetorum 

Omphalina obscurata ** 

Omphalina pyxidata ** 

Orbilia xanthostigma * 

NEW 

Ossicaulis lignatilis ** 

Otidea onotica * 

Oxyporus similis NEW 

Panellus longinquus 

Panellus serotinus NEW 

Panellus stipticus ** 

Peniophora cinerea * 

Peniophora decorticans 

Peniophora incarnata * 

Peniophora violaceolivida 

NEW 

Perenniporia subacida 

Peziza brunneoatra * 

NEW 

Peziza repanda ** 

Pezizella alniella NEW 

Phaeohelotium 

subcarneum * 

Phaeohelotium 

umbilicatum * 

Phaeolus schweinitzii 

Phanerochaete laevis * 

Phanerochaete sordida 

NEW 

Phellinus ferreus *

Phlebia radiata * 

Pholiota albocrenulata ** 

Pholiota aurivella NEW 

Pholiota lenta NEW 

Physisporinus rivulosus 

NEW 

Pithya vulgaris * NEW 

Pleurotus ostreatus NEW 

Pluteus cervinus 

Pluteus plautus NEW 


minutissimus ** 


podospileus NEW 

Pluteus romellii 

Polyporus badius 

Polyporus brumalis * 

NEW 

Propolis versicolor * 

Psathyrella candolleana * 

Psathyrella 

hymenocephala * 

Psathyrella longistriata 

Psathyrella ocellata ** 

Psathyrella olympiana ** 

Psathyrella paradoxa ** 

Psathyrella piluliformis * 

NEW 

Psathyrella senex ** 

Psathyrella spadiceogrisea 

** 

Pseudoclitocybe 

cyathiformis * 

Pseudohydnum 

gelatinosum 

Psilachnum chrysostigma 

NEW 

Psilocybe crobula ** 

Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa * 

NEW 

Psilocybe inquilina * 

Psilocybe montana 



Psilocybe pelliculosa * 

NEW 

Pycnoporellus alboluteus 

** 

Ramaria acrisiccescens 

NEW 

Ramaria 

aurantiisiccescens ** 

NEW 

Ramaria formosa NEW 

Rhizopogon ellenae ** 

Rhizopogon parksii 

Rhizopogon vinicolor * 

NEW 

Rhodocollybia butyracea 

Rhodocollybia maculata 

NEW 

Rhodocybe aureicystidiata 

** 

Rhodocybe mundula ** 

Rhodocybe nitellina * 

Rhodocybe nuciolens ** 

Rhodocybe priscua NEW 

Rhodocybe roseiavellanea 

* NEW 

Rhytisma punctatum 

Rickenella fibula 

Rickenella setipes * NEW 

Rimbachia paludosa ** 

NEW 

Russula abietina * 

Russula brevipes 

Russula brevipes var. 

acrior 

Russula cascadensis ** 

Russula cessans ** 

Russula crenulata ** 

Russula fragilis 

Russula fragrantissima 

Russula pelargonia NEW 

Russula placita 

Russula raoultii NEW 

69 

Russula sororia 

Russula stuntzii * 

Russula subalutacea NEW 

Russula veternosa * 




semirubra 

Sarcosphaera coronaria 

NEW 

Schizopora paradoxa 

NEW 

Scopuloides rimosa NEW 

Scutellinia scutellata 

Simocybe rubi ** 

Skeletocutis alutacea 

NEW 

Sphaerobolus stellatus * 

Squamanita paradoxa ** 

NEW 

Steccherinum ochraceum * 

Steccherinum oreophilum 

* NEW 

Stereum hirsutum 

Stereum rugosum NEW 

Stereum sanguinolentum * 

Stereum striatum * 

Stictis radiata * 

Strobilurus albipilatus * 

Strobilurus trullisatus 

Stropharia ambigua 

Subulicystidium 

longisporum NEW 

Suillus caerulescens 

Suillus lakei 

Tapesia fusca 

Tephrocybe boudieri * 

Tephrocybe ozes * 

Tephrocybe platypus * 

Tomentella coerulea * 

NEW

Tomentella subclavigera * 

NEW 

Tomentella terrestris * 

NEW 

Trametes hirsuta * 

Trametes versicolor 

Trechispora christiansenii 

* 

Tremella encephala * 

Tremella foliacea 

Tremella mesenterella ** 

Tremella mesenterica 

Tremellodendropsis 

tuberosa * 

Tremiscus helvelloides * 

Trichaptum abietinum 



Tricholoma sp. ** 

Tricholoma aurantium 

Tricholoma bufonium ** 

NEW 

Tricholoma leucophyllum 

** 

Tricholoma psammopus * 

NEW 

Tricholoma scalpturatum 

** 

Tricholoma sulphureum 

Tricholoma terreum 

Tricholoma ustale * NEW 

Tricholoma vaccinum 

Tubaria conspersa 

Tubaria furfuracea * 

70 

Tubaria hiemalis * 

Tubaria punicea ** 

Tubulicrinis glebulosus * 

Tubulicrinis subulatus 

NEW 


campestre ** 

Typhula erythropus ** 

Tyromyces caesius 

Tyromyces chioneus 

Tyromyces fragilis 

Tyromyces mollis * NEW 

Xeromphalina campanella 

Xeromphalina cornui ** 

Xeromphalina fulvipes 

Xylaria hypoxylon



Appendix 4: The most frequently occurring species 

Fungi that occurred every year: 



Callistosporium luteoolivaceum* 

Camarophyllus pratensis * 

Chromosera cyanophylla * 


Clitocybe deceptiva * 

Clitocybe elegantula * 



Cortinarius leucopus * 

Crepidotus lundelli * 






Dacrymyces stillatus * 

Fayodia pseudoclusilis * 




Galerina badipes * 


Galerina sideroides * 



Fungi that occurred five years out <strong>of</strong> six: 












Inocybe griseolilacina * 


* 


Inocybe mixtilis * 

Inocybe nitidiuscula * 

Inocybe pudica * 

Laccaria amethysteooccidentalis 


Lactarius subviscidus * 

Lentaria pinicola * 

Lepiota castanea * 






Mycena amicta * 

Mycena delicatella * 



Clavulina cinerea * 

Clavulina rugosa * 

Clavulinopsis laeticolor * 

Clitocybe radicellata * 


71 




* 

Nolanea farinolens * 

Nolanea hirtipes * 





Psathyrella ocellata ** 

Psathyrella paradoxa ** 

Pseudohydnum 

gelatinosum 



Rhodocybe nitellina * 



Sphaerobolus stellatus * 


Stereum striatum * 



Suillus lakei 


Clitocybe vibecina * 



Cortinarius vernus ** 

Crepidotus mollis


Dacrymyces capitatus * 




bispora 

Galerina dimorphocystis 

var. dimorphocystis 

Galerina evelata var. 

evelata * 

Galerina marginata * 


Galerina pumila var. 

pumila 

Gomphidius glutinosus * 





* 

Hebeloma crustuliniforme 

Hebeloma hiemale * 







Inocybe fuscodisca * 

Inocybe grammata * 

Inocybe subcarpta ** 

Laccaria tetraspora * 


Lycoperdon arbuticola * 

Marasmius androsaceus * 




Mycena algeriensis ** 


Mycena elegantula * 







Mycena pura 

Mycena rorida 



Nidula niveotomentosa * 

Nolanea lucida * 

Otidea onotica * 

72 


Peziza repanda ** 

Phaeohelotium 

umbilicatum * 



Pseudoclitocybe 

cyathiformis * 

Psilocybe inquilina * 

Russula bicolor 



semirubra 


Tapesia fusca 

Tephrocybe boudieri * 

Tephrocybe ozes * 

Tremella encephala * 

Tremella mesenterella ** 





Tubaria punicea ** 

Xeromphalina campanella



Appendix 5: Changes in nomenclature and identifications 

Changes in nomenclature 

2004/2005 – 2008/2009 reports This report 

Cortinarius subsertipes Cortinarius casimiri 

Dasyscyphus spp. Lachnum spp. 

Dermocybe spp. Cortinarius spp. 

Geoglossum nigritum Geoglossum umbratile 

Hebeloma pumilum Hebeloma birrus 

Mucronella pendula Mucronella alba 

Mycena avenacea Mycena olivaceomarginata 

Mycena elegans Mycena chloranthoides 

Mycena iodiolens Mycena filopes 

Naucoria vinicolor Tubaria punicea 

Changes in identifications 

2004/2005 – 2008/2009 reports This report 

Cantharellopsis prescotii Clitocybe trulliformis ? [still not clear] 

Clitocybe obsoleta Rhodocybe nuciolens 

Crustomyces subabruptus Peniophora decorticans 

Episphaeria fraxinicola Lachnella alboviolascens 

Galerina oregonensis ? Galerina oregonensis 

Hemimycena sp. Hemimycena tortuosa 

Lentaria byssiseda Lentaria pinicola 

Lepiota clypeolaria Lepiota ventriosospora 

Melanoleuca graminicola ? Tricholoma sp. [still not clear] 

Pezizales Anthracobia ? 

Psathyrella sp. No. 3 Psathyrella subnuda var. velosa 

Tricholoma inamoenum Tricholoma sp. 

73

April 20, 2009 



Appendix 6: Transcript <strong>of</strong> the field book 

Along the road and in the ravine (parked up, going down) 

By the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 


Caloscypha fulgens NEW 

Ravine [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 




April 22, 2009 

Hebeloma praeolidum NEW 

Morchella elata NEW 



Mycena roseipalens 

74 



Along the road and below the road from the gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 


Hemimycena tortuosa 


Tapesia fusca 


Rhizopogon vinicolor NEW 

Below the road [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Aleurodiscus aurantius 


Ciboria ruf<strong>of</strong>usca NEW 


April 27, 2009 

Cortinarius parevernius NEW 

Lachnellula calyciformis 


Nectria fuckeliana 

Nolanea holoconiota 

Nolanea pseudostrictia NEW 

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica 


Along the road, shortcut trail through the ravine across the road, down to the E 

boundary, along it up to the area with wasps, then up to the spot under the Western 

red-cedar with several ladders and on trail up to the paved road and along it to the 

car. 

Along the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]



Caloscypha fulgens Nolanea hirtipes 

Forest [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Alnicola bohemica NEW 


Cortinarius evernius? NEW 

May 14, 2009 




Hypocrea pulvinata 

75 





Margin <strong>of</strong> the forest, western slope [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Agrocybe semiorbicularis NEW 


Ceriporia reticulata NEW 



Inocybe curvipes NEW 

May 20, 2009 

Inocybe lacera var. helobia 


lanuginosa 


ovatocystis 

Inocybe soluta NEW 


Meruliopsis corium 

Phellinus ferreus 


Rhizopogon ellenae 


Large loop behind the smaller dome, all the way to the northern boundary, along the 

fence to the NE corner, continuing to the Western red-cedar stand, then uphill to the 

large Western red-cedar stand, then up to reach the main trail, walking on it towards 

paved road and to the right on the trail that goes to the small parking lot 

[2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Clitocybe radicellata 

Conocybe dumetorum 

Fomes fomentarius 


May 21, 2009 

Below the paved road along the creek 



Inocybe pusio 

Inocybe xanthomelas 


Along the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Coprinus impatiens 

Cortinarius parevernius 

Gymnopus earleae 

Inocybe amblyspora NEW 

Inocybe pusio 

Morchella elata 


Nolanea substrictia NEW 

Phanerochaete sordida NEW 

Polyporus brumalis NEW 

Sarcosphaera coronaria NEW 



Tricholoma terreum

Forest [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 


Ceriporia reticulata 

Ciboria ruf<strong>of</strong>usca 



Cudoniella clavus 

Discina perlata NEW 


Geoglossum glutinosum NEW 

May 31, 2009 





Kuehneromyces vernalis 

Lachnum pudibundum NEW 




Mycena acicula 


Through the ravine down to the eastern boundary 








Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Boundary [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Albotricha laetior NEW 



Irpex lacteus 


June 21, 2009 


Leptonia badissima NEW 

Mycena acicularis 



76 

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica 

Peziza repanda 

Pleurotus ostreatus NEW 

Sarcosphaera coronaria 

Scopuloides rimosa NEW 


Tapesia fusca 


Schizopora paradoxa NEW 


Tapesia fusca 

Tomentella subclavigera NEW 

Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, met with the neighbour John [3 – 

Western red-cedar forest] 


Helvella villosa 

Hemimycena nebulophila = 

mauretanica 2008 

Hyaloscypha fuckelii NEW 

Hypocrea rufa NEW 

Inocybe calida 

Inocybe cincinnata var. major 


Mycena delicatella 


Psathyrella candoleana 

Psathyrella hymenocephala ? 

Rickenella setipes NEW

June 28, 2009 



Below the paved road along the creek up to the house near the E boundary [3 – 

Western red-cedar forest] 



Helvella villosa 

Hemimycena ignobilis NEW 

Hemimycena nebulophila 

July 5, 2009 


Hypoxylon rubiginosum 

Lanzia luteovirescens 



77 

Psathyrella candolleana 



Northeast corner along the ephemeral creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Coprinus disseminatus 

Hemimycena pseudocrispula 

NEW 

August 14, 2009 


Lachnum fasciculare 




Rimbachia paludosa NEW 

Below the paved road along the ephemeral creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Bisporella sulfurina NEW 

Conocybe siennophylla 


Hymenoscyphus albidus 


Lachnum pygmaeum 


Mycena rorida 


Pezizella alniella NEW 


Astraeus hygrometricus 

August 23, 2009 


Simocybe rubi 


Xylaria hypoxylon 

Below the paved road along the creek to the north and back through the forest road 

[3 – Western red-cedar forest] 


Hemimycena subimmaculata ? 

NEW 

Hymenoscyphus fructigenus 

Hymenoscyphus phyllogenus 

NEW 



Mollisia cinerea NEW 

Peziza brunneoatra NEW 

Phaeohelotium subcarneum 



Rickenella setipes

September 7, 2009 



Checked the ravine & margin <strong>of</strong> the forest behind the smaller dome 


Gymnopus dryophylus 




Margin <strong>of</strong> the forest behind the smaller dome [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 

Bolbitius variicolor NEW 

September 10, 2009 


Cantharellus formosus 

Below the paved road [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 


Crocicreas cyathoideum 


Gomphus kauffmanii 



October 2, 2009 



Pleurotus ostreatus 

Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus 

NEW 


Behind the smaller dome [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 



Strobilurus albipilatus 


Along the road right side [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Agaricus praeclaresquamosus 

Chlorophyllum rachodes 


Russula cascadensis 


Along the road left side [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 


Inocybe mixtilis 





78 

Russula crenulata 


Tomentella terrestris NEW 






Suillus lakei



Below the paved road [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Agaricus micromegathus 



Gomphidius glutinosus 

Gymnopus biformis ? 


Inocybe stellatospora 





Ossicaulis lignatilis 


Pluteus plautus NEW 



Russula veternosa 

79 




semirubra 


Suillus lakei 


Along the road, left side when going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Hebeloma populinum NEW 


Mycena amicta 



Nolanea hebes NEW 



semirubra 


campestre 

Along the road right side when going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 


Lycoperdon pusillum 




Cortinarius suillus NEW 








Hypholoma radicosum NEW 


Lactarius occidentalis NEW 







Leucoagaricus amarus 




Mycena haematopus 

Mycena pura 


Orbilia xanthostigma NEW 



















semirubra 





Lepiota josserandii 






80 






On open grassy area below the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 



Along the road above the main gate and below the road along the creek 

Along the road right [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Armillaria sinapina NEW 

Clavulinopsis laeticolor 


vittiformis f. tetraspora 



Inocybe griseolilacina 




Inocybe nitidiuscula 

Inocybe pudica 


Lactarius subviscidus 


Mycena amicta 





Russula brevipes var. acrior 



Amanita muscaria 



Galerina castaneipes 


Galerina perplexa NEW 


Hebeloma fragilipes NEW 

Hydnum repandum 

Inocybe grammata 


Inocybe leiocephala 




Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis 


Mycena abramsii 

Mycena amicta 

Mycena capillaripes 


Pseudohydnum gelatinosum 




semirubra 







Russula cessans 



semirubra 


Suillus lakei 


Tubaria hiemalis 


campestre





Amanita gemmata 



Cortinarius elotus NEW 


NEW 







Gomphus kauffmanii 



Gymnopus subsulphureus 

Hebeloma incarnatulum 



With Kem Luther 




Inocybe griseolialacina 




Irpex lacteus 



Leucopaxilus amarus 


Micromphale perforans 


Mycena clavata NEW 



Mycena pura 


Behind the smaller dome, long loop [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 

Amanita brunnescens NEW 


Armillaria sinapina 








Inocybe agglutinata 

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula 


Inocybe subcarpta 

Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Chromosera cyanophylla 

Crepidotus lundellii 



Dacrymyces stillatus 

Marasmius androsaceus 



Mycena cinerella 



Mycena longipes 



Mycena pusilla 

Mycena stannea 



Psathyrella olympiana 


Hebeloma incarnatulum NEW 




Lactarius subflammeus NEW 

81 



Pholiota aurivella NEW 




Ramaria aurantiisiccescens NEW 

Ramaria formosa NEW 





Sphaerobolus stellatus 







Psathyrella senex 










campestre 


Xeromphalina cornui 



Lentaria pinicola 



Mycena pura 

Mycena purpure<strong>of</strong>usca

Mycena rorida 

Perenniporia subacida 




Rhodocybe nuciolens 

November 1, 2009 




Russula pelargonia NEW 




semirubra 

82 



Tubaria furfuracea 



Along the paved road, down to the ravine, through the ravine, across the road, down 

open rock outcrop to its base and back 

Along the road to the access to the ravine [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 





Galerina atkinsoniana 


Hebeloma birrus 



Inococybe abjecta 


Armillaria sinapina 

Bisporella sulfurina 



Crepidotus subverrucisporus 


Galerina sideroides 

Galerina vittiformis 



Heterotextus luteus 

Hygrocybe psittacina 






Lepiota castanea 

Leucoagaricus naucinus 





Mycena pusilla 


Lepiota boudieri 


Lepista inversa 


Melanoleuca alb<strong>of</strong>lavida ? NEW 

Mycena amicta 



Mycena pura 


Mycena rorida 




Psilocybe inquilina 




Russula stuntzii 


semirubra 




Nolanea obscurata 





Rhodocybe nitellina 




Typhula erythropus 




Open rock outcrop below the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 


Cantharellula umbonata 


Coprinus xanthotrix 



Nolanea subsolstitialis 


Russula fragilis




Along the road towards hairpin curve, on trail to the left, through the forest down to 

the lower trail, farther down all the way to the creek, short walk along the creek, 

lunch, two burning piles on the other side <strong>of</strong> the creek, then up the hill to the hairpin 

curve [2 – Douglas-fir forest] [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 


Clitocybe deceptiva 

Clitocybe elegantula 

Coccomyces den tatus 















Hymenochaete tabacina 















Mycena clavicularis 




Mycena luteopallens NEW 

Mycena pura 


Mycena rorida 

Mycena rorida 2-spore form 


Nolanea hirtipes 

Nolanea latifolia NEW 

83 


Psathyrella paradoxa 


Psilocybe crobula 

Psilocybe pelliculosa NEW 


Rhodocybe roseiavellanea NEW 













Tubaria furfuracea 

Typhula erythropus 


Walking from the main gate up to the trail on right, to the creek and along the creek 

up back to the paved road on trail with the fence in the bottom 

Along the road, right side [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 






Cortinarius leucopus 




Hebeloma hiemale 





Inocybe sindonia 




Mycena amicta 


Otidea onotica 




semirubra 




Suillus lakei 

Tricholoma terreum





Hebeloma lutense 


Inocybe grammata 



Agaricus praeclaresquamosus 

Amanita silvicola NEW 

Antrodia serialis NEW 

Armillaria gallica? NEW 








Cortinarius biformis NEW 


Cortinarius elotus 

Cortinarius epipoleus NEW 

Cortinarius olearioides NEW 

Cortinarius sp. Phlegmacium 

NEW 





























Mycena amicta 



Mycena metata 

Mycena pura 


Mycena rorida 


Mycoacia uda 




84 



Psathyrela piluliformis NEW 


Ramaria acrisiccescens NEW 

Rhizopogon vinicolor 



Rhodocybe priscua ? NEW 




Russula raoultii NEW 


Russula suballutacea NEW 





Tephrocybe boudieri 


Tricholoma aurantium 





Tyromyces mollis NEW 



Eastern slope above the hairpin curve looking for more Psilocybe pelliculosa and 

Mycena luteopallens with no success. 

Above the hairpin curve by the road [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 








Pholiota albocrenulata 


Suillus caerulescens



Forest, eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 



Chondrostereum purpureum 

Cortinarius biformis 







Galerina evelata var. evelata 


Galerina pumila var. pumila 





Hebeloma velutipes 

Hygrophorus occidentalis NEW 





Ischnoderma benzoinum NEW 







Mycena elegantula 



Mycena pura 

Below the paved road 

Along the creek from the wire fence to the Alnus rubra stand and back 

85 

Mycena rorida 


Pholiota lenta NEW 









semirubra 




Tephrocybe ozes 


Along the road right side above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 










Camarophylus russocoriaceus 





Fayodia pseudoclusilis 


Galerina cedretorum var. bispora 

Galerina cinnamomea 












Inocybe cincinnata var. major 


Inocybe kauffmanii 


Inocybe sindonia 



Lepista nuda 

Lyophyllum semitale 







semirubra 


Suillus lakei 



minutissimus 



Rhodocybe roseiavallanea 






Tricholoma ustale NEW 



Xeromphalina fulvipes


With Kem Luther and Hans Roemer 



Southern slope just above the main gate, left side [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 


Antrodia malicola 



Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum 


Clavulina rugosa 





Cortinarius glaucopus 










Galerina fallax f. fallax 


Galerina subcerina 

Galerina unicolor 




















Inocybe pseudodestricta 



Lachnum brevipilosum 







Mycena algeriensis 

Mycena amicta 






Mycena longiseta 


Mycena pura 




Cortinarius semisanguineus 


86 








Psathyrella ocellata 




Rhodocybe nuciolens 






Stictis radiata 





Tephrocybe platypus 


Tremella mesenterella 











Margin <strong>of</strong> the forest from behind the smaller dome up to the big holes on the edge <strong>of</strong> 

rockoutcrop opening to the north 

Before lunch [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 







Clitocybe vibecina 






Galerina badipes 




Gymnopus earleae 


Gymnopus putillus 

















Mycena metata 

After lunch [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 



Ceriporia purpurea 




Cortinarius obtusus NEW 






















Inocybe pusio 











Mycena inclinata 




Nolanea farinolens 

87 

Mycena pura 





Psilocybe cyan<strong>of</strong>ibrillosa NEW 



Russula abietina 





Tapesia fusca 





minutissimus 


Psathyrella olympiana 









semirubra 

Squamanita paradoxa NEW 





Tyromyces caesius



Forest ridge on way back [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 



December 4, 2009 

Gomphidius oregonensis Mycena filopes 


Behind the smaller dome forest on the ridge and eastern slope going to check 

Mucronella 

Dead deer near the trail down to the north border [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Athelia neuh<strong>of</strong>fii NEW 


Coniophora puteana 


Cortinarius semisanguineus 


atkinsoniana 




Galerina subcerina NEW 

Galerina vittiformis var. albescens 

On the trail [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 


Camarophyllus pratensis 

Chrysomphalina aurantiaca 
















f. tetraspora 

Gymnopilus bellulus 









Mollisia cinerea 











Mucronella alba 

Mucronella bresadolae 






Panellus stipticus 



88 





Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis 




semirubra 

Tricholoma psammopus NEW 

Tricholoma scalpturatum 









Tapesia fusca 


Tremiscus helvelloides 









Southern slope just above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 




Botryobasidium obtusisporum 

Clavulina cinerea 

Cortinarius idahoensis 










Grandinia crustosa NEW 


Hygrophorus chrysodon NEW 


Hypochnicium punctulatum NEW 







Mycena pura 



89 

Peniophora incarnata 



Rhodocybe mundula 





Tubulicrinis glebulosus 




Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, up to the fence and back to the 

road [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 


Bisporella subpallida 



Cortinarius epipoleus 





Haplotrichum conspersum 


Hericium erinaceus NEW 


Hymenoscyphus salicellus 





Lachnum impudicum 














Stereum sanguinolentum 



Tricholoma bufonium NEW 





Tyromyces mollis 


Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, from the fence to the alder stand 

near the house [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 

Aleurodiscus penicillatus 

Antrodia serialis 



Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 

NEW 






Grandinia crustosa 



Irpex lacteus




Oxyporus similis NEW 

Panellus serotinus NEW 

Peniophora cinerea 

Peniophora violaceolivida NEW 




Phanerochaete levis NEW 


Phlebia radiata 




Trametes hirsuta 

90 






Along the West Saanich Road up to the meadow [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 




Coltricia perennis 


Dacromyces palmatus 







Grandinia subalutacea 

January 9, 2010 




Hypochnicium geogenium NEW 



Mollisia livid<strong>of</strong>usca 

Mucronella bresadolae 







Steccherinum ochraceum 


Stereum striatum 


Tapesia fusca 








Southern slope just above the main gate & along the road, lower portion [1 – Garry 

oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 












Hemimycena ignobilis 





Irpex lacteus 


Lachnellula gallica 



Mycena corynephora NEW 



Mycoacia uda 



Phaeohelotium umbilicatum 

Phelinus ferreus 







Subulicystidium longisporum 

NEW 


Tremella encephala 




Tyromyces chioneus




Behind the smaller dome, western slope, margin <strong>of</strong> the mixed forest from about the 

tower to Aster curtus and back on the main trail [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 




Coniophora puteana 

Cortinarius fasciatus NEW 






Galerina nigripes NEW 



Hyphoderma amoenum NEW 


Mycena metata 


91 


Phelinus ferreus 

Propolis versicolor 




Southern slope just above the main gate, walked on the main trail up to the log with 

blob and back, looking for more Mycena corynephora, no success [1 – Garry oak, 

rock outcrops & roadsides] 






Hygrophorus eburneus NEW 




Lachnellula occidentalis 



Mycena amicta 





Phaeohelotium umbilicatum 





Southern slope, walking on the trail behind the former site manager’s house and 

down to the paved road across the road and below the paved road along the 

ephemeral creek up to the alder stand near the house and up to the road and back to 

the gate 

Southern slope [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 




Claussenomyces atrovirens NEW 




Grandinia breviseta NEW 
















Tremella encephala









atkinsoniana 

Galerina filiformis 






Inocybe soluta 









92 







Tremellodendropsis tuberosa 



The ravine, across the paved road over the open mossy rock outcrop, down to the 

property boundary and back up to the hairpin curve 








Lepista densifolia NEW 


Open rock outcrop [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 






albohyalina NEW 

Lentinellus omphalodes 

Omphalina pyxidata 

Forest down to the property line [3 – Western red-cedar forest] 







Heterobasidion annosum NEW 






Stereum rugosum NEW 




Peniophora cinerea 







Tyromyces fragilis




Below the parking lot <strong>of</strong> the main research building, margin <strong>of</strong> the forest, Douglas-fir, 

arbutus, Garry oak 

Below the parking western slopes [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 


Coprinus xanthotrix 









93 





Margin <strong>of</strong> the forest behind the smaller dome [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 




Endogone pisiformis NEW 





February 14, 2010 

Hyphoderma amoenum 

Hyphoderma mutatum NEW 

Hysterographium fraxini 


Laccaria tetraspora 





Pycnoporellus alboluteus 






Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, with Ian Gibson and Kem Luther 

[3 – Western red-cedar forest] 





Clitocybe “georgiana” 



Dendrothele incrustans NEW 









Hyphoderma praetermissum 

NEW 









Mycena amicta 


















Tricholoma sp. 


Xeromphalina campanella




Southern slope, lower part, just above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & 

roadsides] 

Ceriporia reticulata 


Durella melanochlora NEW 







albohyalina 

Hyaloscypha vitreola NEW 

Hyphoderma puberum NEW 



Molllisia livid<strong>of</strong>usca 

94 

Omphalina obscurata 





Tubaria hiemalis 

Behind the smaller dome all the way to the dead deer and then big loop up to hairpin 

curve and back to the small parking [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 

Aleurodiscus aurantius 

Antrodiella sp.? 

Botryohypochnus isabellinus 

NEW 





Endogone pisiformis 








f. tetraspora 

Grandinia breviseta 


Hygrocybe persistens 

Hygrocybe psittacina 

Hyphoderma mutatum 

Hyphoderma puberum 








Orbilia xanthostigma 



Physisporinus rivulosus NEW 

Pithya vulgaris NEW 


Rhodocollybia maculata NEW 


Stecherinum oreophilum NEW 





Tricholoma sp. 


Behind the smaller dome, all the way to the northern boundary, along the fence, back 

towards dead deer and on the ridge trail back [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 



Clavulina cinerea 

Cortinarius sertipes 







f. tetraspora 












Trichaptum abietinum

March 5, 2010 



Below the paved road up to the dead chickens and up to the paved road 

Margin <strong>of</strong> the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 

Coltricia cinnamomea 


Nolanea sericea 

Open rock outcrop [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] 





Botryobasidium candicans NEW 


NEW 


Clitocybe radicellata 




Galerina vittiformis var. vitiformis 

f. tetraspora 


Ganoderma tsugae 

Hyaloscypha herbarum NEW 

(Dec 11, 2008 collection reidentified 

as Unquicularia aspera) 

March 19, 2010 

With Paul Feldman 

Hyphoderma praetermissum 

Hyphoderma roseocremeum 

NEW 

Inocephalus cystomarginatus 

NEW 









Mycena metata 


Mycena paucilamellata NEW 

95 

Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora 

NEW 


Panellus serotinus 




Psilachnum chrysostigma NEW 



Tomentella subclavigena 




Tubulicrinis subulatus NEW 

Behind the smaller dome, margin <strong>of</strong> the forest up to the deer skeleton N slope and 

back [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides], [2 – Douglas-fir forest] 

Athelia bombacina NEW 



Cortinarius vernus 


Galerina rostrata 


albohyalina 












Skeletocutis alutacea NEW 



Tomentella coerulea NEW 

Trechispora christiansenii

Photographs <strong>of</strong> selected fungi 

encountered 

on Observatory Hill 

All the photographs were taken on Observatory Hill 

by Dr. Adolf Ceska during the 2009/2010 survey

A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill - Garry Oak Ecosystems ...

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